Kerala SSLC Biology Chapter 5 Questions Soldiers of Defense English Medium
Question 1.
The vitamin that helps in blood clotting
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin B
c. Vitamin C
d. Vitamin K
Answer:
d. Vitamin K
Question 2.
The normal temperature of human body
a. 36° C
b. 37° C
c. 38° C
d. 39° C
Answer:
b. 37° C
Question 3.
The white blood cell that stimulates other white blood cells
a. Neutrophil
b. Basophil
c. Eosinophil
d. Monocyte
Answer:
b. Basophil
Question 4.
The equipment used to record the electric waves in brain.
a. EEG
b. ECG
c. CT Scan
d. BCG
Answer:
a. EEG
Question 5.
Fill up the blanks by observing the relationship between the first pair.
a. To get the three-dimensional visuals of internal organs: MR scanner
To record the electric waves in heart muscle: ………………….
b. Vaccine: Edward Jenner
Antibiotic: ………………….
c. Cardiology: Treatment of heart
Ophthalmology: ………………….
Answer:
a. Electrocardiogram
b. Alexander Fleming
c. Treatment of eye.
Question 6.
Find the odd one out and note down the common features of others.
a. Inflammatory response, Phagocytosis, Fever, Production of antibodies
b. Allopathy, Ayurveda, Antibiotics, Unani
c. Sphygmomanometer, Electrocardiogram, E.N.T, E.E.G
Answer:
a. Production of antibodies. The others are nonspecific defense.
b. Antibiotics. The others are various treatment methods.
c. E.N.T. The others are modem diagnostic tools.
Question 7.
A person felt reduced level of vitamin in his body who takes some medicines for fever without consulting a doctor.
a. What type of medicine may be used by this person?
b. What are the side effects of using them? Explain the reason.
Answer:
a. Use of antibiotics
b. Though antibiotics are effective medicines, their regular use brings many side effects. Some important side effects of regular use are it develops immunity in pathogens against antibiotics, destroys useful bacteria in the body, reduces the quantity of some vitamins in the body.
Question 8.
What is the role of cuticle, cell wall and callose in defense of plants?
Answer:
Cuticle: The external layer of the epidermis of leaves defends the attack of microorganisms.
Cell wall: A well equipped resistant coat.
Chemical substances such as lignin, cutin, suberin, etc., provide rigidity to the cell wall.
Callose: Prevents the entry of germs which, have crossed the cell wall, through the cell membrane
Question 9.
Sharon hit his head while falling and the head swelled.
a. Is this reaction useful to the body? Why?
b. What is this type of reaction called?
c. How is this reaction helpful in defending diseases?
Answer:
a. Yes. Second level defense.
b. Inflammatory response
c. Blood vessels dilate and white blood cells from the blood vessel reach the wound site. White blood cells destroy the germs.
Question 10.
Observe the picture and answer the question given.
a. Identify the white blood cells indicated by A, B.
b. Write the defense activities of these white blood cells.
Answer:
a.
A – Neutrophil B – Basophil
b.
- Neutrophil – engulfs and destroys the bacteria produces chemicals that can destroy bacteria.
- Basophil – stimulates other white blood cells, dilates the blood vessels.
Question 11.
When infection becomes uncontrollable, the body temperature may rise very high.
a. How is this situation known as?
b. Write the reason for the rise in body temperature.
c. How the rise in body temperature controls the infection? –
Answer:
a. Fever
b. The presence of toxins produced by the pathogens stimulates white blood cells, the chemical substances produced by the white blood cells rise the body temperature.
c. The rise in the body temperature reduces the rise of multiplication of pathogens, increases the effect of phagocytosis.
Question 12.
Observe the picture of skin and answer the questions given below.
a. Identify the parts indicated as A, B, C.
b. What is the role of these parts in defense mechanism?
Answer:
a. A – Epidermis B – Sebaceous gland C – Sweat gland
b. A protein called keratin present in the epidermis prevents the entry of germs. Sebum produced by the sebaceous gland makes the skin oily and waterproof. The disinfectants present in the sweat produced by sweat gland destroy the germs.
Question 13.
Complete the flow chart related to inflammation.
Answer:
A: Produces chemical messages.
B: White blood cells reach the wound site through the walls of the capillaries.
Question 14.
Select the suitable statements related to B lymphocytes.
a. Mature in the bone marrow.
b. Stimulate other defense cells of the body.
c. These cells are capable of destroying cancer cells.
d. Neutralise the toxin of the antigens.
Answer:
a. Mature in the bone marrow.
d. Neutralise the toxin of the antigens.
Question 15.
Whichever be the type of germs infected, the initial symptom appears in human body will be the fever. Give reason.
Answer:
Pathogens enter the body. Then the presence of toxins produced by the pathogens stimulate the white blood cells. The chemical substances produced by the white blood cells raise the body temperature. The rise in body temperature reduces the rate of multiplication of pathogens and increases the effect of phagocytosis. So fever is a defense mechanism.
Question 16.
Select the correct pairs.
a. Cardiology – Treatment of heart
b. Ophthalmology – Cancer treatment
c. Chemotherapy – Treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
d. E.N.T – Treatment of ear, nose and throat disorders.
Answer:
a. Cardiology – Treatment of heart
d. E.N.T – Treatment of ear, nose and throat disorders.
Question 17.
Select the statements related to specific defense from the statements given below.
a. Destroys the germs that have entered the body.
b. Sebum is a disinfectant
c. Neutrophil is a phagocyte.
d. Prevents the germs from entering the body.
e. Identifies and destroys pathogens.
f. Neutralises the toxin of the antigens.
Answer:
b. Sebum is a disinfectant
c. Neutrophil is a phagocyte.
d. Prevents the germs from entering the body.
Question 18.
The stages related to phagocytosis are given below. Arrange them in correct order.
a. The pathogens are degenerated and destroyed by the enzymes in lysosome.
b. Engulfs the pathogen in the membrane sac.
c. Phagocytes reach near the pathogens.
d. Membrane sacs combine with the lysosome.
Answer:
c. Phagocytes reach near the pathogens.
b. Engulfs the pathogen in the membrane sac.
d. Membrane sacs combine with the lysosome.
a. The pathogens are degenerated and destroyed by the enzymes in lysosome.
Question 19.
The immunity to disease of a child living in natural environment will be ‘greater than that of a child living in over hygienic environment. Do you agree with this statement? Give reason for this.
Answer:
a. Natural environments increase immunity. More chances to acquaint with antigens and to form antibodies against them in the body. Over hygienic environment leads to reduction in natural immunity.
b. When we avoid situations for the body to make antibodies against antigens, we develop poor immunity.
Question 20.
Given below are the two methods which can be used against diseases.
a. Antibiotics
b. Vaccines
i. What is the major difference between the two?
ii. Give one example for each.
Answer:
i. Antibiotics – Antibiotics are used to resist bacterial diseases.
Vaccines – Used for immunity.
ii. Antibiotics-Penicillin Vaccines – B.C.G
Question 21.
What is the role of calcium, thrombin, and fibrin in blood clotting?
Answer:
Calcium ions- Play a major role in the convention of prothrombin in plasma to thrombin by thromboplastin
Thrombin – Thrombin converts the fibrinogen in the plasma to fibrin.
Fibrin – Blood clot is formed by the entangling of platelets and red blood cells in the fibrin network.
Question 22.
Everyone cannot receive blood from all blood groups. Justify this statement.
Answer:
When a foreign antigen reaches one’s blood, it stimulates the defense mechanism. On receiving unmatching blood, the antigen present in the donor’s blood and the antibody present in the recipient’s blood will react with each other and form a blood clot. Hence, everyone cannot receive blood from alt blood groups.
Question 23.
Observe the given picture and answer the questions given below.
a. Name the defense activity indicated in the illustration.
b. Write the stages of this activity.
Answer:
a. Phagocytosis
b. Phagocytes reach near the pathogens.
Engulfs the pathogen in the membrane sac.
Membrane sac combines with lysosome.
The pathogens are degenerated and destroyed by the enzymes in lysosome.
Question 24.
Write down the correct ones among the following statements related to defense.
a. Specific defense is the mechanism in which monocytes engulf the pathogens.
b. Non-specific defense mechanism is a mechanism that protects us from all pathogens without considering their characteristic features.
c. Lymphocytes are the part of non-specific defense mechanism.
d. T-Lymphocytes destroy cancer cells.
Answer:
b. Non- specific defense mechanism is a mechanism that protects us from all pathogens without considering their characteristic features.
d. T-Lymphocytes destroy cancer cells.
Question 25.
a. Identify A
b. B is a vitamin and C is an enzyme. Name them.
c. How does the lack of B or C affect the consequent chemical process?
Answer:
a. A – Prothrombin
b. B – Vitamin K, C – Thromboplastin
c. Thrombin is not formed Fibrinogen will not be converted to fibrin.
Question 26.
One of the scars of the wound obtained by Binu while playing football remained even after 10 years. What explanation will you give for the scar remaining as such?
Answer:
Connective tissue heals the wound.
New tissues are not formed in the place of damaged tissues.
Question 27.
Ashiq who met with an accident, was in need of blood. Antigen A and D and Antibody b was identified in his blood.
a. Name his blood group?
b. Whose blood, among the following, can be accepted by Ashiq?
i. Venu: A +
ii. Amal: AB+
iii. Sahara: AB-
iv. Anoop: A-
Answer:
a. A+
b. i. Venu : A+
ii. Anoop : A-
Question 28.
Complete the table.
| Vaccine | Disease |
| …………. (a)………… | Tuberculosis |
| …………. (b)………… | Polio |
| Pentavalent | …………. (c)………… |
| M.M.R. | …………. (d)………… |
| T.T | …………. (e)………… |
Answer:
a. B.C.G.
b. O.P.V.
c. Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenza type b
d. Measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles)
e. Tetanus
Question 29.
Given below is the picture of white blood cells which are parts of specific defense.
a. Identify A and B.
b. What is the role of A in specific defense?
c. Give any one difference between A and B.
Answer:
a. A – T – lymphocyte B – B lymphocyte
b. Stimulates other defense cells.
Destroys cancer cells and virus affected cells.
c. B – lymphocytes mature at bone marrow.
T – lymphocytes mature at thymus.
Question 30.
What all things should be taken care of while transfusing blood?
Answer:
- People in the age group 18-60 can donate blood.
- Blood donation can be done once in three months.
- Blood donation causes no problem to the donor’s health.
- Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should not donate blood.
- Persons with communicable diseases (transmitted through blood) should not donate blood.
Question 31.
How do the following situations help in defense activity?
a. Many useful bacteria that habitat in the coverings of the body.
b. Rise in body temperature
c. Antibodies
d. Vaccines
Answer:
a. Coverings of the body act as a habitat for many useful bacteria. The genus that enter the body need to compete with such useful bacteria for shelter and nutrients. A great number of germs get destroyed in this competition.
b. The rise in the body temperature reduces the rise of multiplication of pathogens, increases the effect of phagocytosis.
c. Antibodies destroy the pathogens in three different ways.
- Destroy the bacteria by disintegrating their cell membrane.
- Neutralise the toxin of the antigens.
- Destroy the pathogens by stimulating other white blood cells.
d. Vaccines are the substances used for artificial immunization. Vaccines act as antigens that stimulate the defense mechanism of the body. Antibodies are formed in the body against them. These antibodies are retained in the body which in future protect the body from the pathogen responsible for the same disease.
Kerala SSLC Biology Chapter Wise Questions and Answers