Prasanna

Students can Download Social Science Part 1 Chapter 10 Civic Consciousness Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 Civic Consciousness

Civic Consciousness Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can Download दिशाहीन दिशा Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 2 दिशाहीन दिशा (यात्रावृत्त)

दिशाहीन दिशा Text Book Questions and Answers

दिशाहीन दिशा विश्लेषणात्मक प्रश्न

Hsslive Guru 10th Hindi Kerala Syllabus  प्रश्ना 1.
घर में चलते समय मन में यात्रा की कोई बनी हुई रूप-रेखा नहीं थी।” – लेखक के इस कथन के आधार पर बताएँ कि किसी यात्रा पर जान से पहले यात्रा की रूप-रेखा बनाना ज़रूरी है?

उत्तर:
किसी यात्रा पर जाने से पहले यात्रा की रूपरेखा बनाना ज़रूरी है। यात्रा तो हम नई जगहों को पहचानने के लिए करते हैं। रूपरेखा बनाने से जगहों की सही जानकारी मिलती है. मसंदीदार जगह बड़ी चाव देख सकते हैं और अन्य जगह छोड भी सकते हैं। हम अपने समय का सही इस्तेमाल भी कर सकते हैं।

Hss Guru 10 Hindi Kerala Syllabus  प्रश्ना 2.
घने शहर की छोटी-सी तंग गली में पैदा हुए लेखक को कन्याकुमारी के विशाल समुद्र-तट के प्रति आत्मीयता का अनुभव होने का आधार क्या हो सकता है?

उत्तर:
नुभवहीन बातों पर ज़्यादा रुचि रखना स्वाभाविक है। विपरीत के प्रति आकर्षण होना स्वाभाविक ही है। किसी तंग गली में जन्म लेने से कन्याकुमारी के विशाल तट में अपनापन का भाव जागृत होगा।

Hss Live Guru 10th Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 3.
‘मगर बात करने की जगह उसने मेरा बिस्तर लपेटकर खिड़की से बाहर फेंक दिया और खुद : मेरा सूटकेस लिए नीचे उतर गया।’ अविनाश के इस आचरण से मोहन राकेश और अविनाश के बीच की मित्रता का क्या अंदाज़ा मिल जाता है?

उत्तर:
मोहन राकेश का एक दिली दोस्त है अविनाश। जब चाहे वह मोहन राकेश के साथ कोई भी आचरण कर सकता है। कुछ भी करने को उसके लिए स्वतंत्रता है। प्रस्तुत आचरण से उनके बीच का धनिष्ठ संबंध का परिचय मिलता है

10th Class Hindi Notes Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 4.
‘मगर आप चाहे तो चंद गज़लें तरन्नुम के साथ अर्ज कर सकता हूँ।’ इस कथन से आम जनता के साथ गज़लों के रिश्ते का क्या परिचय मिलता है?

उत्तर:
आम जनता गज़लों से खूब परिचित थे। गज़ल आम जनता की ही कविता है। वे उसे गाते रहते हैं। क्योंकि उतनी मार्मिकता उसमें है। इसलिए बूढ़ा मल्लाह अब्दुल जब्बार भी शायर गालिब से परिचित थे। गायक न होते हुए भी मल्लाह कुछ गज़लें पेश करने को तैयार भी हुआ।

10th Hindi Notes Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 5.
‘उसके खामोश हो जाने से सारा वातावरण ही बदल गया।’ – इससे आपने क्या समझा?


उत्तर:
बूढ़ा मल्लाह झूम-झूमकर गज़ल गा रहा था। लेखक और मित्र भी उसके गायन में विलीन हो गए। उसका गला काफ़ी अच्छा था, सुनाने का अंदाज़ा भी शायराना था। गाते समय रात, सर्दी, नाव का हिलना इन सबका अनुभव नहीं हो रहा था। अब होने लगा। झील का विस्तार भी उतनी देर के लिए सिमट गया था, अब खुल गया।

दिशाहीन दिशा Text Book Activities & Answers

Hsslive Guru Hindi 10 Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
संबंध पहचाने, सही मिलान करें।

मोहन राकेश की बड़ी इच्छा थी	कि वहाँ जीवन बहुत सस्ता है।
समय और साधन की कमी से	मोहन राकेश ने यात्रा करने का निश्चय किया।
हाथ में पैसा आने पर	कि कन्याकुमारी चला जाऊँ
मोहन राकेश ने पहले सोचा था	कि समुद्र तट का सफ़र करें।
गोआ इसलिए हम जा सकते हैं	मोहन राकेश समुद्र तट की यात्रा न कर सके।

उत्तर:

मोहन राकेश की बड़ी इच्छा थी	कि समुद्र तट का सफर करें।
समय और साधन की कमी से	मोहन राकेश समुद्र तट की यात्रा न कर सके।
हाथ में पैसा आने पर	मोहन राकेश ने यात्रा करने का निश्चय किया।
मोहन राकेश ने पहले सोचा था	कि कन्याकुमारी चला जाऊँ
गोआ इसलिए हम जा सकते हैं	कि वहाँ जीवन बहुत सस्ता है।

Hsslive 10th Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 2.
पढ़ें, यात्रावृत्त के आधार पर उचित वाक्यों पर सही का निशान ✓ लगाएँ।


उत्तर:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Notes प्रश्ना 3.
भोपाल ताल में अब्दुल जब्बार और अविनाश के साथ की सैर मोहन राकेश के लिए मज़ेदार थी। वे अपने अविस्मरणीय अनुभव दफ्तर के एक मित्र से बाँटना चाहते हैं। भोपाल ताल की सैर के अनुभवों का ज़िक्र करते हुए मित्र के नाम मोहन राकेश का पत्र लिखें।

उत्तर:
भोपाल,
30-12-1952
प्रिय जयप्रकाशजी,
आप कैसे हैं? दफ़्तर में सब कुशल है न? कुछ बातें आपसे बाँटना चाहता हूँ। सोचा कि एक चिट्ठी लिखू। अब मैं भोपाल में हूँ। मुंबई के रास्ते में था। डिब्बे में सोने के लिए सीट भी मिली थी। लेकिन रात आई तो मैं भोपाल ताल की एक नाव में लेटा बुढ़े मल्लाह अब्दुल जब्बार से गज़लें सुन रहा था।

भोपाल स्टेशन पर मित्र अविनाश ने मुझसे मिलने आया था। बात करने की जगह उसने मेरा बिस्तर लपेटकर खिड़की से बाहर फेंक दिया और खुद मेरा सूटकेस लिए हुए नीचे उतरा। रात ग्यारह बजे के बाद हम लोग घूमने निकले। जब भोपाल ताल के पास आया तो मन लगा कि नाव लेकर कुछ देर तक झील की सैर करें। अचानक अविनाश ने कहा कि कितना अच्छा होता अगर इस वक्त हम में से कोई कुछ गा सकता। हमारी नाव का मल्लाह अब्दुल जब्बार गायक तो नहीं, मगर उसने कुछ गज़लें तरन्नम के साथ पेश किया। उसका गला अच्छा था। सुनाने का अंदाज़ भी शायराना था। एक के बाद दूसरी फिर तीसरी। हम दोनों उसके गायन में विलीन हो गए थे। जब वह खामोश हो गया तो वातावरण ही बदल गया। रात, सर्दी का नाव का हिलना सबका अनुभव पहले नहीं हो रहा था, अब होने लगा। फिर उससे गालिब की गज़लें सुनाया गया। भोपाल-ताल की सैर मज़ेदार था, दिल को छूनेवाली थी। दफ्तर में सबको मेरा नमस्कार कहना। बाकी सब अगले पत्र में। तुरंत ही जवाबी पत्र की प्रतीक्षा करते हुए।

Hss Live Guru Hindi 10 Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 4.
पश्चिमी-तट की यात्रा निश्चय ही अवाच्य अनुभूति प्रदान करेगी। गोआ काफ़ी सुंदर जगह है। वहाँ की विशेषताओं को ध्यान में रखकर एक विवरणिका (ब्रॉशर) तैयार करें।

उत्तर:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Guide प्रश्ना 5.
चरित्र पर टिप्पणी लिखें।
बूढ़े मल्लाह ने एक गज़ल छेड़ दी। उसका गला काफ़ी अच्छा था और सुनाने का अंदाज़ | भी शायराना था। काफ़ी देर चप्पुओं को छोड़े वह झूम-झूमकर गज़लें सुनाता रहा।
‘दिशाहीन दिशाट के अब्दुल जब्बार का व्यक्तित्व बड़ा प्रभावशाली है। ये संकेत पढ़ें और अब्दुल जब्बार के चरित्र पर टिप्पणी लिखें।
1. गरीब
2. परिश्रमी .
3. खुशमिज़ाज .
4. सादा जीवन बितानेवाला
5. विनयशील .
6. गज़ल गायक

उत्तर:
गज़ल गायक – अब्दुलजब्बार
मोहनराकेश का यात्राविवरण ‘दिशाहीन दिशा’ के एक प्रभावशाली व्यक्ति है बूढ़ा मल्लाह श्री अब्दुल जब्बार । भोपाल-ताल की सैर में लेखक और मित्र का उनका परिचय होता है। हमेशा खुशमिज़ाज दिखाई पडनेवाला और सादा जीवन बितानेवाला था। दाढ़ी के ही नहीं छाति के भी बाल सफेद हो चुके थे। सर्दी के मौसम में भि सिर्फ तहमद लगाए आया था। भोपाल-ताल का नाविक अब्दुलजब्बार रात -दिन मेहनत करता रहता है। जब वह चप्पू चलाने लगता तो उसकी मांसपेशियाँ इस तरह हिलती जैसे उनमें फौलाद भरा हो । जब अविनाश गाने का आग्रह प्रकट किया तो बिना हिचक के तीन गज़लें छेड देता है। उसका गला काफ़ी अच्छा था। गज़लों से वह इतना परिचित था कि सुनाने का अंदाज़ भी शायराना था। कभी कभी नाव खोते समय चप्पुओं को छाड़े झूम-झूमकर गज़लें सुनाता था। असल में जब उसने गज़ले समाप्त की, वातावरण ही बदल गया था। अविनाश के अनुसार गालिब की चीज़ पेश करने को कहता है, तुरंत ही बिना एतराज के विनय के साथ गज़लें गाने लगा। मोटे तौर पर वह खुशमिज़ाज, विनयशील गरीब गज़लगायक अब्दुल जब्बार लेखक और मित्र के लिए उस रात अविस्मरणीय पात्र रहा।

10th Standard Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 6.
इंन शब्दों पर ध्यान दें :

मुझे	हमने
उसमें	उसकी
इनका	मुझसे
उसने	किसका

इनके मूल शब्दों को पहचानें और परिवर्तन के कारण पर चर्च करें।

उत्तर:
मुझे — मैं
हमने — हम
उसमें — वह
उसकी — वह
इनका — ये
मुझसे — मैं
उसने — वह
किसका — कौन
मैं, हम, वह, ये, कौन आदि हिंदी के सर्वनाम है।
इन सर्वनाम के साथ कुछ प्रत्य लगाने से उपयुक्त शब्द मिलता है। इन्हें सर्वनाम का रूपांतरण कहते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए ‘मैं’ के साथ ‘को’ प्रत्यय लगाने से ‘मुझे’ या ‘मुझको’ शब्द मिलता है। मैं, हम, तू, तुम, आप, यह, ये, वह,वे, जो, कौन, कोई आदि हिंदी के सर्वनाम हैं।

Hindi Notes 10th Class Kerala Syllabus  प्रश्ना 7.
नमूने के अनुसार वाक्यों को बदलकर लिखें, अर्थ-भेद भी समझें।


उत्तर:

Standard 10 Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 8.
मान लें आप दिसंबर की छुट्टियों में दिल्ली जा रहे हैं। इसके लिए क्या-क्या पूर्व तैयारियाँ करेंगे। इस चार्ट की पूर्ति करें।

उत्तर:

दिशाहीन दिशा Additional Questions and Answers

10th Standard Hindi Meaning Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
‘तीसरी गज़ल सुनकर वह खामोश हो गया। उसके खामोश हो जाने से सारा वातावरण ही बदल गया।’ बूढ़े मल्लाह अब्दुल जब्बार के साथ हुई भोपाल-ताल की सैर के बारे में लेखक अपनी डायरी में कुछ लिखते है। वह डायरी तैयार करें।

26 दिसंबर 1952.
कल जो भोपाल- ताल की यात्रा करने का मन हुआ वह अविस्मरणीय रहा। रात साढ़े ग्यारह बजे मैं अविनाश के साथ भोपाल-ताल पर यात्रा की। हमारा मल्लाह अब्दुलजब्बार नामक एक बूढ़ा था। वह बहुत खुशमिज़ाज नज़र आया। अविनाश के आग्रह प्रकट करते ही उसने तीन गज़लें छेड़ दी। वाह ! हम उसपर विलीन हो गए थे। रात, सर्दी एवं नाव के हिलने का अंदाज़ा पहले नहीं हुआ था। झील का विस्तार भी गाते समय सिमट गया था। उसका गला काफ़ी अच्छा था। सुनाने का अंदाज़ भी शायराना था। नाव चलाने का बीच काफ़ी देर चप्पुओं को छोडे वह झूम -झूमकर गज़लें सुनाता रहा। तेज़ गर्मी में भी बेचारा सिर्फ एक तहमद लगाए बैठा था। जब वह चप्पू चलाने लगता तो उसकी मांसपेशियाँ इस तरह हिल्ती जैसे उनमें फौलाद भरा हो। मैं और अविनाश उसके गज़ल गायन में इतना विलीन हो गए थे कि लौट जाने की बात ही नहीं सोचा था। आगे उसने गालिब की गज़ल पैश की – “मुद्दत हुई है यार को मेहमाँ किए हुए……”! आहा! क्या बात है! यह दुनीया ही कुछ और है।

Hsslive Hindi 10th Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 2.
रात को ग्यारह के बाद हम घूमने निकले। भोपाल ताल के पास पहूँचे तो मन हो आया कि नाव लेकर कुछ देर झील की सैर की जाए। प्रस्तुत घटना को लेकर पटकथा का एक दृश्य लिखें।
दृश्य।:

दृश्य का विवरणः
(भोपाल ताल में नाव खोते हुए एक बूढ़ा मल्लाह नज़र आ रहा है। नाव में मोहनराकेश और मित्र अविनाश है। मोहनराकेश लेटे हुए है। मल्लाह सिर्फ तहमद पहना हुआ है। कडी सर्दी है। अविनाश गज़ल गाने का आग्रह प्रकट करता है। बूढ़ा मल्लाह गाने की धुन में है)

मोहनराकेश : बडी सुहानी रात है, कडी सर्द भी है।
अविनाश : हाँ, अगर हममें से कोई इस वक्त कोई गाना पेश करें तो कितना अच्छा होता।
अब्दुलजब्बार : मैं गा तो नहीं सकता, हुजूर ।
अविनाश : फिर भी कुछ प्रयास करें।
अब्दुलजब्बार : कुछ गज़लें तरन्नुम के साथ पेश करने का प्रयास करूँ?
मोहनराकेश
और अविनाश : (एकसाथ) ज़रूर, ज़रूर ।
(बूढा मल्लाह ताल- लय के साथ गज़लें गाने लगता है।)

दिशाहीन दिशा Summary in Malayalam and Translation

दिशाहीन दिशा शब्दार्थ

Kerala SSLC Class 10 Hindi Solutions

Students can Download Social Science Part 1 Chapter 6 India, the Land of Synthesis in Medieval India Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 India, the Land of Synthesis in Malayalam Medium

India, the Land of Synthesis Textual Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can Download By the Hands of the Nature Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 4 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 4 By the Hands of the Nature

By the Hands of the Nature Textual Questions and Answers

By The Hands Of The Nature Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 1.

Observe the diagram. Haven’t you seen how rainwater carries away the loose rock particles from elevated regions and deposits elsewhere? What all changes take place on the surface of the earth as a result of both the process mentioned above?
Answer:
Carries loose material away – erosion
Deposits in low lying regions – deposition

By The Hands Of The Nature Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 2.
What are the different process of weathering?
Answer:
Weathering is the process where rock is dissolved, worn away or broken down into smaller and smalleds pieces. There are three different weathering processes such as mechanical, chemical and organic/biological.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Geography Notes Question 3.
Varied features are seen in the river course at every stage. Observe the diagram and answer the following questions by analyzing the features of these three courses.
i) In which stage is the intensity of erosion more?
ii) Which process results in the landforms in the lower course?
iii) In which stage of the river is the amount of sediments more?
Answer:
i) Upper course
ii) Active depositional process
iii) Middle course

Hss Live Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What could be the reason behind the round shape and polished surface of pebbles?
Answer:
The rock particles are carried by the river rub against the rocks along the bed and both the sides of the river. This results in the wearing down of rocks. Such erosion is known an abrasion or corrosion. Through these processes, the river can polish even the hard rocks along its course.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 5.
Why are gullies formed along steep slopes?
Answer:
Gullies are formed through intense erosion resulting from an increase in the velocity of water flow.

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 6.


Observe the pictures to understand how oxbow lakes take birth from meanders.
Answer:
Meanders are usually formed in the middle and lower courses of wide rivers. The transformation happening to the meanders through further erosion and deposition: Meanders may further curve through continuous erosion and deposition. Finally, the river takes a straight course. The curves may get detached from the main river to form isolated water bodies. Such water bodies are called oxbow lakes.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Prepare notes by discussing the agricultural importance of flood plains.
Answer:
The deposition of alluvium along both the flooded banks may cause the formation of plains called flood plains. Flood plains contain rich and fertile soil suitable for cultivation. Agricultural improvement is possible in flood plains. This has historically led to the development of various civilizations along the flood plains. Flood plains are along the banks of rivers. Thus the area is rich in water availability. The physiography of flood plains is suitable for both agricultural activities and settlement.

Hsslive Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Complete the table based on what you have learnt about the landform created by rivers.

Answer:

Landforms	Course of formation	Erosional/ Depositional
Waterfall	Upper course	Erosional
Meanders	Middle and lower course	Erosion and deposition

Hsslive Guru 9th Geography Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Why is water is called universal solvent?
Answer:
Water is called as universal solvent because most of the mineral present in the rocks gets dissolved as water pass through them.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Identify the landform created by the merging of stalacticles and stalagmites.
Answer:
Limestone pillars

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 11.
Name the districts in which the tourism-oriented beaches in Kerala can be found? )
Answer:
Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Kannur, Kozhikode, Kasaragod, and Kollam

Hsslive Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Which is the major geomorphic agent creating landforms in deserts?
Answer:
Rock pedestals, Deflation hollows, Oasis, Sand dunes, Yasdangs and Desert Pavements.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 13.
What could be the reason for the increased erosion at the bottom of the rocks as shown in the figure?

Answer:
Mushroom rocks are created by wind blowing material and eroding the rocks to form a mushroom rock. It also can be formed by glacial erosion. This can happen when a glacier retreats and leaves behind rocks causing the rock on the bottom to erode faster leaving behind a mushroom rock. One day, erosion will weaken the base of these rocks and the top part will come tumbling down.

By the Hands of the Nature Model Questions and Answers

Hsslive Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
What are glaciers?
Answer;
Thick masses of ice slowly move downhill in snow-clad region are called glaciers.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 15.
Define geomorphology
Answer:
Geomorphology is the branch of geography which deal with the study of origin and evolution of landforms.

Question 16.
What are geomorphic processes?
Answer:
The processes that help in the formation of landforms are called geomorphic processes.

Question 17.
Distinguish between erosion and deposition.
Answer;
The transfer of rock particles framed by chemical, physical or biological weathering processes from one place to another by external agencies such as running water, wing, glaciers, sea waves, etc. is called erosion. These materials will be deposited in low lying regions and this process is called deposition.

Question 18.
Identify the external agencies that help in erosion?
Answer:
Running water, wing, glaciers, sea waves.

Question 19.
Place of origin of river is called
Answer:
Source

Question 20.
The place at which river discharges into the sea or water bodies called ……………
Answer:
River mouth.

Question 21.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:

Question 22.
Match the following

A	B
Upper course	Oxbow lakes
	Deltas
	Valleys

Answer:

A	B
Upper course	Oxbow lakes
Middle course	Deltas
Lower course	Valleys

Question 23.
Point out the features of upper course
Answer:

• Place of origin of the river
• River flows through steep slopes
• Intense rate of erosion
• Less amount of sediments
• No deposition
• Landforms such as valley, waterfall, etc. are seen

Question 24.
What are the features of middle course?
Answer:

• Flows through the foothills
• Both erosional and depositional processes are active
• More sediments are carried down
• Features such as meanders and oxbow lakes are seen

Question 25.
Mention important peculiarities of lower course.
Answer:

• Flows through the plains
• Active depositional process
• The quantity of water, as well as sediments, is high
• Depositional landforms such as flood plains are deltas are seen

Question 26.
Point out the factors affecting the intensity of river erosion.
Answer:

• Velocities of water flow
• Slope of the terrain
• Rock structure

Question 27.
Explain the process of abrasion or corrosion.
Answer;
The rock particles like gravel, sand, pebbles, etc. carried by the river rub against the rocks along the bed and the sides of the river. This results in the wearing down of rocks. Such erosion is known as abrasion or corrosion. Through these processes, the river can polish even hard rocks along its course.

Question 28.
River bed erosion is more prevalent in ………..
a) Upper course of the river
b) Middle course of the river
c) Lower course of the river
Answer:
a) Upper course of the river

Question 29.
Examine the process that results in waterfalls.
Answer:
Waterfalls are generally formed at the upper course of rivers as a result of erosion. Soft rocks are easily eroded in the valleys where soft and hard rocks are found intermingled. This results in the formation of waterfalls.

Question 30.
What do you mean by flood plains?
Answer:
Rivers overflowing their banks during rainy seasons. Flood water may cover extensive areas on both sides of the river. The deposition of alluvium along both the flooded banks may cause the formation of plains. Such plains are called flood plains.

Question 31.
How is deltas formed?
Answer:
Velocity of the river decreases when it nears the river mouth. Most rivers branch out to distributaries at this stage where the volume of both water and sediments is high. The sediments brought by the river are deposited between these distributaries forming almost triangular-shaped landforms called deltas. These features are called as they resemble the Greek alphabet A (Delta).

Question 32.
Name the largest delta in the world.
Answer;
The Sundarbans in West Bengal

Question 33.
Why are the erosional and depositional landforms of underground water mainly confined to limestone region?
Answer;
Rocks like limestone easily dissolve in rainwater which percolates to form underground water. Hence the erosional and depositional landforms of underground water are mainly confined to limestone regions.

Question 34.
Categorize the following based on their formation.
1. Limestone caves
2. Stalactites
3. Stalagmites
4. Limestone Pillars
Answer:
Erosion:
Limestone caves
Depositions:

• Stalactites
• Stalagmites
• Limestone Pillars

Question 35.
Give an example of limestone caves.
Answer;
The Borra caves near Visakhapatnam in Seemandhra

Question 36.
What are coastlines? Give different types of coastlines.
Answer:
Coastal landforms are created by the erosional and depositional processes carried out by the waves. There are two types of coastlines namely.

• Rocky coasts
• Non-rocky coasts

Question 37.
Define sea cliff.
Answer:
The steep hillocks facing the sea are called sea cliffs.

Question 38.
Give an example of sea cliff in Kerala.
Answer:
Varkala beach

Question 39.
Landforms created by wind are mostly seen in
a) Valleys
b) Beaches
c) Deserts
d) Farmlands
Answer:
c) Deserts

Question 40.
What is the process of deflation?
Answer:
The strong whirlwind carry away the dry desert sands from one place to another. This process of wind erosion is called deflation.

Question 41.
What do you mean by barchans?
Answer;
The sand dunes formed in the deserts are as a result of the deposition by wind. The sand dunes commonly formed in crescent shapes are called barchans.

Let Us Assess

Question 42.
Describe the characteristic of different stages in a river’s course.
Answer;
The course of a river can generally be divided into three stages based on the difference in slope from its source to mouth.

• Upper course
• Middle course
• Lower course

Upper course is that part of the river where it rapidly flows down along steep slopes from the place of origin. The intensity of erosion is severe in this course. Middle course is that stage of the river where it flows through gently sloping foothills. As the velocity of the flow decreases, the intensity of erosion declines and deposition begins.
Lower course is the stage where the river flows through the plains. The rate of deposition will be higher due to the slow pace of the river and the increase in the amount of sediments during this stage.

Question 43
Compare the ‘v-shaped’ valleys with ‘u shaped’ valleys based on processes of formation.
Answer:
Deepening of gullies occurs through intense erosion resulting from an increase in the velocity of water flow. The valleys take a distinct shape as a result of the intensity of erosion along the river bed. Such valleys are called V-shaped valleys.

The rate of erosion along the river bed decreases as the river leaves the upper course. However lateral erosion dominates, the river flowing through comparatively gentle slopes takes deviations when the sediments or rock forms create obstruction to the flow. Such bending course of a river is leading to u shaped valleys.

Question 44.
List with example the agricultural and environmental significance of deltas and flood plains.
Answer:
The deposition of alluvium along both the flooded banks may cause the formation of plains called flood plains. Flood plains contain rich and fertile soil suitable for cultivation. Agricultural improvement is possible in flood plains. This has historically led to the development of various civilizations along the flood plains. Flood plains are along the banks of rivers. Thus the area is rich in water availability. The physiography of flood plains is suitable for both agricultural activities and settlement.

Question 45.
Illustrate the formation of mushroom rocks with the help of a diagram
Answer:
As a result of the continued erosion caused by sand and other rock particles carried by strong winds, rocks in deserts get worn down. This process of wind erosion is called abrasion. Figure given below shows here is of a rock formed in this manner. Such rocks seen in deserts resembling mushrooms are called mushroom rocks.

Question 46.
Explain the formation of any two erosional landforms created by glaciers.
Answer:
Glacial landforms are generally confined to the high mountain ranges and the poles. The movement of a glacier along the mountain slope is depicted in the given picture.

Observe the changes happening to the valley at different stages. Different types of valleys as shown in the pictures are formed by glacial erosion. Armchair like valleys so formed are called cirques.

Question 47.
Prepare a table showing the erosional and depositional landforms created by any three external forces.

Answer:

Question 48.
Identify the landforms shown in the pictures and explain how they are formed

Answer:
A — Oxbow lakes:
Meanders are usually formed in the middle and lower courses of wide rivers. The transformation happening to the meanders through further erosion and deposition. Meanders may further curve through continuous erosion and deposition. Finally, the river takes a straight course. The curves may get detached from the main river to form isolated water bodies. Such water bodies are called oxbow lakes.
B — Mushroom Rocks:
As a result of the continued erosion caused by sand and other rock particles carried by strong winds, rocks in deserts get worn down. This process of wind erosion is called abrasion. Figure given below shows here is of a rock formed in this manner. Such rocks seen in deserts resembling mushrooms are called mushroom rocks.

Students can Download Basic Science Chapter 12 Why Classification? Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard Basic Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 8th Standard Basic Science Solutions Chapter 12 Why Classification? in Malayalam

Why Classification? Text Book Questions and Answers

Students can Download Chemistry Part 2 Chapter 3 The World of Carbon Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Chemistry Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Chemistry Solutions Chapter 7 The World of Carbon in Malayalam Medium

The World of Carbon Textual Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can Download Periodic Table Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Chemistry Solutions Part 1 Chapter 4 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Chemistry Solutions Chapter 4 Periodic Table

Periodic Table Textual Questions and Answers

Earlier Attempts for Classification of Elements

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Chemistry Notes Chapter 4 Question 1.
Explain the earlier attempt of classification by Lavoiser?
Answer:
Antoine Lavoisier classified the known elements into metals and nonmetals. But he was not able to duly classify metalloids.

9th Class Chemistry Periodic Table Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Explain Newland’s law of octaves?
Answer:
Newlands arranged elements in the increasing order of atomic mass. He noticed that every eighth element has properties similar to those of the first elements. But this peculiarity could be noticed in elements upto calcium only.

Octaves of Newlands

9th Class Chemistry 4th Chapter Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Define Mendeleev’s periodic law?
Answer:
In 1869 Mendeleev arranged the known 63 elements in horizontal and vertical columns and gave shape to the periodic table. He found that the chemical and physical properties of elements repeat at a regular intervals when they were arranged in the increasing order of atomic masses. Based on this Mendeleev proposed the periodic law of elements. The law states that physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic masses.

Chemistry Notes For Class 9 Periodic Table Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What is meant by groups and periods in the periodic table?
Answer:
The vertical columns in the periodic table are known as groups and the horizontal rows are called periods.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Chemistry Notes Question 5.
Evaluate the Mendeleev’s periodic table and find the following.
a) Total number of periods
b) Total number of Groups
c) Are the same elements showing similar properties arranged in the same group or same period?
Answer:
a) 6
b) 8
c) Same group

Class 9 Chemistry Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Advantages of Mendeleev’s periodic table?
Answer:
1. For the first time elements were comprehensively classified in such a way that elements of similar properties were placed in the same group. This has made the study of chemistry easy.
2. When the classification was made in such a way that the elements of similar properties came in the same group. It was noticed that certain their proper group. The reason for this was wrongly determined atomic masses and consequently, those wrong atomic masses were corrected.
Eg. The atomic mass of beryllium was known to be 14. Mendeleev reassessed it as a and assigned beryllium a proper place.
3. Columns were left vacant for elements which were not known at the time and their properties were predicted also. This gives an impetus to experiments in chemistry.

Ex Mendeleev give names Eka aluminum and Eka silicon to those elements which were to come below aluminum and silicon respectively in the periodic table and predicted their properties. Later when these elements gallium and germanium were discovered the prediction of Mendeleev turned out to be true.

Hsslive Guru 9th Chemistry Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Explain the limitation of Mendeleev’s Periodic table?
Answer:
1. Elements with large difference in properties were included in the same group.
eg. Hard metal like copper [Cu], Silver [Ag] were included along with soft metals like sodium [Na] potassium [K],
2. No proper position could be given to element hy¬drogen. Non-metallic hydrogen was placed along with metals like sodium [Na] and potassium [K]
3. The increasing order of atomic mass was not strictly followed throughout.
eg. Co and Ni, Te and I
4. As isotopes are atoms of same element having different atomic masses, they should have been given different position while arranging them in the order of atomic mass. But this was not done.

Counting Atomic Calculator is a free online tool that displays the atomic mass for the given chemical formula.

Modern Period Table

Periodic Table 9th Class Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
State and explain modern periodic table and mod-ern periodic law?
Answer:
In 1913 Mosely through his x-ray diffraction experiments proved that the properties of elements depended on the atomic number not on the atomic mass.

According to this the periodic law of Mendeleev and the periodic table were modified consequently the modern periodic table was prepared by arranging elements in the increasing order of atomic number. The modern periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic function of their atomic number.

Periodic Table Chapter Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
How many periods in the modern periodic table?
Answer:
7

Labour India Class 9 Chemistry Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Which is the shortest period?
Answer:
I period

9th Class Chemistry Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
Number of elements in the third period?
Answer:
8

Class 9 Chemistry Periodic Table Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Total number of groups?
Answer:
18

Periodic Table In 9th Class Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Explain representative elements?
Answer:
Elements of group 1 and 2 also those in groups of 13 – 18 are called representative elements it belongs to metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Periodic Table Chemistry Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Do in representative elements do they include metalloids [eg. Si, Ge, As, Sb…) exhibiting the characteristics of metals and non-metals?
Answer:
Yes

Periodic Table Notes Pdf Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
As there elements existing in solid, liquid and gaseous state find examples?
Answer:

• In solid-state- sodium, aluminum, carbon
• In liquid state – Bromine
• In gaseous state – oxygen, neon, argon

9th Class Chemistry Chapter 4 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
Write the electronic configuration of elements with atomic number 1-10
Answer:

Element	Atomic number	Electronic configuration
Hydrogen	1	1
Helium	2	2
Lithium	3	2, 1
Beryllium	4	2, 2
Boron	5	2, 3
Carbon	6	2, 4
Nitrogen	7	2, 5
Oxygen	8	2, 6
Fluorine	9	2, 7
Neon	10	2, 8

The atom of the elements of these group show the periodically in electron filling they contain 1 -8 electron in their outermost shell. The elements of these groups are called representative elements.

Noble Gases

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Notes Chemistry Question 17.
List the elements in group 18
Answer:
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, Radon

9 Class Chemistry Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Question 18.
Now try to write their electronic configuration
Answer:
₂He – 2
₁₀Ne – 2, 8
₁₈Ar – 2, 8, 8
₃₆Kr – 2, 8, 18, 8
₅₄Xe – 2, 8, 18, 18, 8
₈₆Rn – 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8

Question 19.
How many electrons are there in the outermost shell of each element?
Answer:
8

Question 20.
The elements do not normally take part in chemical reactions. Find the reason?
Answer:
They have a stable configuration in the outermost shell.

Transition Elements

Question 21.
Which group of elements belong to transition elements?
Answer:
Elements of group 3-12 in the periodic table are transition elements.

Question 22.
Find out whether elements familiar to you are present in these groups?
Answer:
Copper, silver, gold, iron

Question 23.
Aren’t transition elements metals?
Answer:
Yes

Question 24.
What are the characteristics of transition elements?
1. They from coloured compound,
2. They show similarity in properties as well as in a period.
3. In compounds, they exhibit different oxidation state
eg. Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺

Lanthanides and Actinoids

Question 25.
Which element is next to lanthanum with atomic number 57 of group 6 in the periodic table?
Answer:
Cerium with atomic No. 58

Question 26.
Find out the position allotted to the elements with atomic number 58-71?
Answer;
Separate position at the bottom of the periodic table.

Question 27.
Is the same way aren’t the elements with atomic number 90 to 103 of period 7 give separate positions at the bottom of the periodic table?
Answer:
Yes. These elements are called inner transition elements.

Question 28.
What is meant by inner transition elements?
Answer:
Inner transition elements from Cerium [Ce] to Lutecium [Lu] of period 6 are called lanthanides. Inner transition elements from Thorium (Th] to Lewrencium [Lr] of period 7 are called actinoids. Lanthanoids are also called rare earth. Actinoids are man-made artificial elements (except thorium and uranium).

Periodic trends in the periodic table

Question 29.
Electronic configuration of group I elements of the periodic table are given
Answer:

Element	Atomic number	Electron configuration	Group	Period
H	1	1	1	1
Li	3	2, 1	1	2
Na	11	2, 8, 1	1	3
K	19	2, 8, 8, 1	1	4
Rb	37	2, 8, 18, 8, 1	1	5
Cs	55	2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1	1	6
Fr	87	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1	1	7

Question 30.
What is the peculiarity seen in the electronic configuration of the outer most shell of these elements?
Answer:
All these elements we can see one electron in the outermost shell.
Hence elements of group I exhibit similarity in chemical properties.

Question 31.
Which are the electrons shows the chemical properties of elements?
Answer:
Outermost electrons.

Question 32.
Is there any relationship between the group number and the number of electrons present in the outermost shell? What is it?
Answer:
Same, group number equal tot he number of election in the outermost shell for the elements in groups 1 and 2.

Question 33.
Observe figure the electronic configuration of the second-period elements of the group from 13-18 given below.

(i) Won’t we get the group number of these elements by adding 10 to the number of elements by adding 10 to the number of electrons in the outermost shell?
Answer:
Yes

(ii) Analyze table 3.1 and find whether there is any relation between the number of shells in an atom and the number of periods?
Answer:
Number of shells in an atom and the period number is same.

Size of an Atom in Group

Question 34.
Are you familiar with the Bohr model of an atom? See the Bohr model of atoms of certain elements, in group I.

(i) Which among them is the biggest?
Answer:
Potassium (K)

(ii) Which one is the smallest?
Answer:
Hydrogen [H]

(iii) What happens to the size of an atom when we move down the group?
Answer:
Increases

(iv) What is the reason for this?
Answer:
Number of shells increases.
As we move from top to bottom of a group in the periodic table the size of the atom increases as there is an increase in the number of shells.

Atomic Size in Period

See (Fig 3.3) the representation of Bohr model of elements with atomic numbers 3 to 9 in the second period of the periodic table.

Question 35.
Is there are in the number of shells with the increase in atomic number?
Answer:
No.

Question 36.
What happens to the nuclear charge with increase in atomic number?
Answer:
On moving from left to right in a period, as nuclear charge increases, the force of attraction on the outer-most electrons increases and consequently the size of atom decreases.

Ionisation Energy

Question 37.
You have understood how sodium chloride is formed by combining sodium and chlorine atoms. The Bohr model of sodium and chlorine are given below
Answer:

(i) Which among these atoms lose electrons?
Answer:
Sodium atom

(ii) Which one gains electrons
Answer:
Chlorine atom

Question 38.
How the ions are formed?
Answer:
Atom becomes charged when there is transfer of electrons [Lose or gain electrons] they are called ions.

Question 39.
Define ionization energy?
Answer:
The amount of energy required to liberate the most loosely bound electrons from the outermost shell of an isolated gaseous atom of an element is called ionization energy.

Question 40.
What are the factors affecting the ionization energy? Nuclear charge
Answer:
Size of the atom

Question 41.
When the size of an atom increases, does the attraction of the nucleus on the outermost electron increase or decrease?
Answer:
Decrease

Question 42.
Then what is the change in ionization energy?
Answer:
As the size of atom increases ionization energy decreases.

Question 43.
Can you find out how ionization energy changes as we move from top to bottom in a group?
Answer:
Ionization energy decreases.

Question 44.
What is the general trend in the variation of ionization energy on moving across a period from left to right?
Answer:
Ionization energy increases

Question 45.
Find how ionization energy changes with increase in nuclear charge?
Answer:
On moving from left to right in a period, as nuclear charge increases, the size of the atom decrease hence ionization energy increase.

Question 46.
Define electronegativity?
Answer:
In the case of two atoms joined by a covalent bond, electronegativity is the ability of each atom to attract the bonded electrons.

Question 47.
How size of an atom influence the electronegativity?
Answer:
As the size of an atom increases the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron increases, hence the electronegativity decreases. As we move in the same period form left to right size of atom decrease hence electronegativity increases.

Question 48.
What is the basis for the chemical properties of metals and non-metals?
Answer:
Metals are the elements which give away the electrons and those that accept electrons are generally non-metals. Metals are electropositive elements because they lose electrons to form positive ions. Non-metals are called electronegative elements because they gain electrons in chemical reactions to form negative ions.

Question 49.
What is relationship between metallic character and the size of an atom?
Answer:
As the size of the atom increases metallic character also increases.

Question 50.
How do the metallic character and nonmetallic character vary while moving from left to right in a period? Arriving at a conclusion by assessing the size of atom?
Answer:
In the periodic table, while moving from to top to bottom in groups metallic character generally in-creases while non-metallic character decreases.
In a period as we move form left to right metallic character generally decreases while non-metallic character increases.

Question 51.
Don’t you think that there is a relationship between ionization energy and metallic -non-metallic character? Is the element with highest ionization energy metallic or non-metallic?
Answer;
Non-metallic

Question 52.
Then what about those having the low ionization energy?
Answer:
Metals

Question 53.
Isn’t there a relationship between electronegativity and metallic, non-metallic character? Explain the relationship?
Answer:
Non-metals are more electronegative.

Metalloids

Question 54.
Explain metalloids?
Answer:
Elements exhibiting the properties of both metal as well as nonmetal are called metalloids, eg. Silicon [Si], germanium [Ge] Arsenic [As], Antimony [Sb] and Tellurium [Te] belongs to this category.

Question 55.
You must understand certain periodic trends in the periodic table? Based on these (✓)the correct option given below in table 3.7.

Answer:

Trends	In a group from  top to bottom	In period from  left to right
Size of atom	✓ Increases/  decreases	Increases/  decreases ✓
Metallic character	✓ Increases/ decreases	Increases/ decreases ✓
Non-metallic character	Increases/ decreases ✓	✓ Increases/ decreases
Ionization energy	Increases/ decreases ✓	✓ Increases decreases
Electronegativity	Increases/ decreases ✓	✓ Increases/ decreases

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
The table given below lists the contributions and names of scientists who made earlier attempts in the classification of elements. Fill in the blanks.

Answer:

Contribution/Findings	Name of Scientist
Triads	Dobereiner
Law of octaves	Newlands
Classification of elements into metals and non-metals	Antonie Lavoisier
Modern periodic law	Henry Moseley

Question 2.
Complete the table
Answer:

Element	Atomic number	Electronic  configuration	Group  number	Period  number
Lithium	3	2,1	1	2
Oxygen	8	2J3	16	2
Argon	18	2,8,8	18	3
Calcium	20	2,8,8,2	2	4

Question 3.
Symbols of certain elements are given. Write their electronic configuration and find the period and group in which they are included.

Answer:
a) \(_{6}^{12} C\)
Electronic configuration 2, 4
Period – 2
Group – 14
b) \(_{12}^{24} \mathrm{Mg}\)
Electronic configuration 2,8,2
Period-3
Group – 2
c) \(_{17}^{35} \mathrm{Cl}\)
Electronic configuration 2,8,3
Period – 3
Group – 17
d) \(_{13}^{27} \mathrm{Al}\)
Electronic configuration 2,8,3
Period – 3
Group – 13
e) \(\begin{array}{l}{20} \\ {10}\end{array} \mathrm{Ne}\)
Electronic configuration 2,8
Period – 2
Group -18

Question 4.
There are three shells in the atom of element ‘X’, 6 electrons are present in its outermost shell.
a) Write the electronic configuration of the element.
b) What is its atomic number?
c) In which period does this element belong?
d) In which group is this element included?
e) Write the name and symbol of this element.
f) To which family of element does is this element belong to?
g) Draw and illustrate the Bohr atom model of this element.
Answer:
a) 2, 8, 6
b) 16
c) 3
d) 16
e) Sulphur, ‘S’
f) Oxygen family

Question 5.
Electronic configurations of elements P, Q, R, and S are given below. (These are not actual symbols).
P – 2, 2
Q -2, 8, 2
R – 2, 8, 5
S – 2, 8
a) Which among these elements are included in the same period?
b) Which are those included in the same group?
c) Which among them is a noble gas?
d) To which group and period does the element R belong?
Answer;
a) P and S, Q and R – belongs to same period
b) P and Q, belongs to same group
c) S
d) R belongs to 3rd period and 15th group

Question 6.
An incomplete form of the periodic table is given below. Write answers to the questions connecting the position of elements in it.

a) Which is the element with the biggest atom in group 1?
b) Which is the element having very lowest ionization energy in group 1?
c) Which element has the smallest atom in period 2?
d) Which among them are transition elements?
e) Which of the elements L and M has the lowest electronegativity?
f) Among B and I which has higher metallic character?
g) Which among these are included in the halogen family?
h) Which is the element that resembles E the most in its properties?
Answer:
a) D
b) D
c) M
d) G, H
e) L
f) B
g) M, N
h) F

Periodic Table Model Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Symbols of certain elements are given write down the electronic configuration and find the period and group in which they are included.

Answer:
a) \(\begin{array}{l}{23} \\ {11}\end{array} \mathrm{Na}\)
Electron configuration 2, 8, 1
Period – 3
Group – 1
b) \(_{17}^{35} \mathrm{Cl}\)
Electron configuration -2, 8, 7
Period – 3
Group-17
c) \(_{9}^{19} \mathrm{F}\)
Electron configuration -2, 7
Period – 3
Group – 17

Question 2.
A, B, C, D are four elements. The electronic configuration is given below and find the answers in the following (Hint. The symbols are not real)
A – 2, 2
B – 2, 8, 5
C – 2, 7
D – 2, 8, 2
a) Find the elements belongs to same period?
b) Find the elements belongs to same group.
c) ‘C’ belongs to which period and group?
Answer:
a) B, D, and A, C because the number of shells are same.
b) A, D because the number of electrons in the outermost shell is same.
c) ‘C’ belongs to second period and 17th group

Question 3.
Table given below lists the contributions and names of scientists who made earlier attempts in the classification of elements. Make them in the correct order.

Contribution/Findings	Name of scientist
Octet Rule	John Dalton
Triads	New Lands
Modern periodic table	Lavoisier
Classify into metals	Henry Moseley
Non-metals
Atomic theory	Dobereiner

Answer:

Contribution/Findings	Name of Scientist
Triads	Dobereiner
Law of octaves	Newlands
Classification of elements into metals and non-metals	Antonie Lavoisier
Modern periodic law	Henry Moseley

Question 4.
An incomplete form of the periodic table is given below.
write answers in the question connecting the position of elements in it.

1. Which element has the largest atomic size in group I?
2. Write the transition elements?
3. Which element has the lowest ionization energy in the 2nd period?
4. Which element belongs to Noble gas elements?
5. Compare L, M which element has the lowest electronegativity?
6. Write the element belongs to Halogen family?
Answer:
1. D
2. F, G, H
3. C
4. N
5. L
6. M

Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 8 For a Safer Future Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Population, Migration, Settlements in Malayalam Medium

Population, Migration, Settlements Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can Download मेरे बच्चे को सिखाएँ Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 8th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 मेरे बच्चे को सिखाएँ (पत्र)

मेरे बच्चे को सिखाएँ पाठ्यपुस्तक के प्रश्न और उत्तर

Mere Bache Ko Sikhaye Notes 8th Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
“मेहनत से कमाया एक पैसा भी, हराम में मिली नोटों की गड्डी से कहीं अधिक मूल्यवान होता है।” अपना दृष्टिकोण प्रकट करें।

उत्तर:
यह कथन बिलकुल ठीक है। हराम की चीजें हमारे हक का नहीं है। मेहनत से कमाया पैसा ही मूल्यवान है। मानव को ईमानदारी के साथ जीना है। मेहनत ईमानदारी में चार चाँद लगाता है।

Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard Hindi Notes प्रश्ना 2.
‘बदमाशों को आसानी से काबू में किया जा सकता है। ऐसा क्यों कहा होगा?

उत्तर:
बदमाशों के अंदर भी कुछ सच्चाई होती है। उपदेश और सत्संग के द्वारा उन सच्चाइयों को बाहर ला सकते हैं। इसलिए ऐसा कहा गया है।

Hindi State Syllabus 8th Standard प्रश्ना 3.
‘नकल करके पास होने से फेल होना बेहतर है’ इस प्रस्ताव से क्या आप सहमत है? क्यों?

उत्तर:
मैं इससे शतप्रतिशत सहमत हूँ। नकल से मिली जीत में ज्ञान की गहराई नहीं होती। यह तत्काल लाभ दे सकता है। लेकिन भविष्य में इससे कोई मुनाफ़ा नहीं होता। इसलिए फेल से सीख लेना ही बेहतर है।

8th Standard Hindi Guide Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 4.
‘भीड़ से अलग होकर अपना रास्ता बनाना’ का मतलब क्या है?

उत्तर:
भीड़ एक ही मानसिकता के आधार पर चलती है। भीड़ की मानसिकता से अलग होकर सोचने से ही नई दृष्टि और नए विचार मिलते हैं। इस नए दृष्टिकोण से ही सामाजिक प्रगति संभव होती है। संसार के सभी महत् व्यक्ति इस प्रकार सोचनेवाले थे। इसलिए उन्हें संसार में बदलाव ला सका।

मेरे बच्चे को सिखाएँ Textbook Activities

8th Standard Hindi Notes State Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
लघु-लेख लिखें।
‘सफल जीवन’ विषय पर लघु-लेख लिखें।

उत्तर:
सफल जीवन
जीवन को सफल बनाने के लिए मनुष्य को आत्मविश्वास, दृढ़संकल्प, अदम्य उत्साह और लगन चाहिए। केवल पढ़ने से ही नहीं, अच्छे चरित्र के निर्माण में भी मानव को ध्यान देना चाहिए। उसे परिश्रमी होना चाहिए। उसे यह समझना चाहिए कि नुशासन जीवन को सफल और उज्ज्वल बनाने के लिए आवश्यक है। व्यक्ति को सादा जीवन और उच्च विचार का आदर्श ग्रहण करना चाहिए। उसे बुरी आदतों और बुरे सहवास से बचकर रहना भी होगा। अपने पाठों को लगन से पढ़ना, बड़ों के सदुपदेशों का पालन करना, बड़ों से आदर और छोटों से प्यार करना आदि की आवश्यकता है। उसे पथभ्रष्ट करनेवाली बातों से बचकर रहना भी चाहिए। जो व्यक्ति इस प्रकार का जीवन बिताएगा, वह अपने जीवन में सफल बनेगा।

मेरे बच्चे को सिखाएँ मेरी रचना में

उचित चौकार में ✓ लगाएं।


विषय का विश्लेषण किया है।

प्रस्तुतीकरण में क्रमबद्धता है।

उचित भाषा का प्रयोग किया है।

अपना दृष्टिकोण प्रस्तुत किया है।

उचित शीर्षक दिया है।

मेरे बच्चे को सिखाएँ Summary in Malayalam and Translation

मेरे बच्चे को सिखाएँ शब्दार्थ Word meanings

Students can Download Maths Chapter 12 Proportion Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Maths Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Maths Solutions Chapter 12 Proportion in Malayalam Medium

Proportion Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can Download Ocean and Man Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 5 Ocean and Man

Ocean and Man Textual Questions and Answers

Ocean And Man Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Identify the location of each ocean from the world map. List the straits, bays and the seas of each ocean with the help of an atlas.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 2.
The following table contains the names of some major islands and peninsulas in the world. With the help of an atlas find out the names of the oceans to which they below.
Answer:

1. Indian Ocean
2. Indian Ocean
3. Pacific Ocean
4. Atlantic Ocean
5. Atlantic Ocean

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 3.
Complete the table using fig. 5.7 in textbook


Answer:

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
The equatorial regions; record a high amount of salinity as compared to the polar regions why?
Answer:
The temperature is high in equatorial regions compared to polar regions. Density increases as temperature rises. High density is associated with high salinity. There is possibility of high evaporation in equatorial regions. That is why equatorial regions record high amount of salinity.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus  Question 5.
Why is salinity is less at river mouths?
Answer:
Salinity is less at river mouths because of huge amount of freshwater added from hundred of rivers.

9th Std Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Which are the warm and cold currents of the Atlantic Ocean? Identify the continents near which they flow.

Answer:

Warm currents	Continents near which they flow
1. North Atlantic current	1. Europe
2. Gulf Stream	2. North America
3. Florida current	3. North America
4. North equatorial currents	4. South America & Africa
5. Equatorial counter currents	5. South America & Africa
6. South Equatorial currents	6. South America & Africa
7. Brazilian current	7. South America

Cold current	Continent near which they flow
1. Labrador current	1. North America
2. West wind drift	2. South America
3. Benguela current	3. Africa
4. Canaries current	4. Europe of Africa

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes English Medium Question 7.
Complete the following table based on the currents of the Indian Ocean.


Answer:

Currents	Warm/Cold	Direction
1. South equatorial current	1. Warm	1. From East to West
5. South West Monsoon current	5. Warm	2. From West to East
6. Agulhas current	6. Warm	3. From North to West
7. West Australian current	7. Cold	4. From South to North
8. West wind Drift	8. Cold	5. From West to East

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 8.
You have learnt the uses of Oceans. Conduct a seminar on the topic ‘influence of Oceans in human life’.
Answer:
“Influence of Oceans in Human Life”
Oceans play significant role in the life of human beings. We cannot neglect oceans because oceans are useful in

• Influencing our climate.
• Providing mineral deposits.
• Helping power generation.
• Providing source of food.

We shall now explain the influence of Ocean in detail.
Climate:
Oceans have a decisive role in controlling the climate along the coastal regions. The sea breeze during the day and the land breeze in the night regulate the temperature over the coasts. Oceans play a part in the formation of weather phenomena like rain, wind, and cyclones. Generally, the coastal regions have moderate climate, whereas severe summer and winter prevail in regions away from the sea.
Oceans as a source of food:
Fish is an important item of food. Fishing is major
activity in Japan, Peru, China, Norway, and the United States of America. Marine organisms are the source of many medicines. They are used for the production of antibiotics, steroids, and vitamins.

Ocean and Man Model Questions and Answers

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf In English Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Nearly ………… % of earth’s surface area is covered with water.
Answer:
71%

9th Class Social Science Textbook Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Name the Oceans
Answer:
a) The Pacific Ocean
b) The Atlantic Ocean
c) The Indian Ocean
d) The Artie Ocean
e) The Antarctic Ocean

9th Standard Social Science Textbook Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
Match the following

A	B
Pacific ocean	Southern ocean
Atlantic ocean	Warton trench
Indian ocean	Puerto Rico
Antarctic ocean	Challenger Deep

Answer:

A	B
Pacific ocean	Challenger Deep
Atlantic ocean	Puerto Rico
Indian ocean	Warton trench
Antarctic ocean	Southern ocean

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science English Medium Question 12.
Distinguish between bay and strait.
Answer:
The portion of the sea surrounded by land on three sides is called a bay. On the other hand, the narrow stretch of sea between two landmasses is known as strait.

Question 13.
Complete the table

Islands	Peninsula
Sri Lanka
Maldives
Green land
Sumatra

Answer:

Islands	Peninsula
Sri Lanka	Indian Peninsula
Maldives	Arabian Peninsula
Green land	Alaska Peninsula
Sumatra	Labrador Peninsula

Question 14.
Define Peninsula
Answer:
The landmasses surrounded by sea on three sides are called peninsula.

Question 15.
Identify the important features of seawater.
Answer:

• Temperature
• Salinity
• Density

Question 16.
Where do you find the highest Ocean temperature?
Answer:
Between 10° latitudes on either side of the equator

Question 17.
As we more away from the equator, temperature considerably.
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) First increases and then decreases
d) Remains constant
Answer:
a) Increases

Question 18.
What is the reason for the variation in temperature over different latitudinal zones?
Answer:
Variation in the amount of insolation received on the earth is the major reason, The Ocean currents and winds also influence the temperature of seawater.

Question 19.
Define Salinity?
Answer:
The concentration of salt content in seawater is known as salinity.

Question 20.
The average amount of saltiness of seawater is
a) 2.5%
b) 3.5%
c) 4.5%
d) 5.5%
Answer:
b) 3.5%

Question 21.
Name the major contents of seawater
Answer:

• Sodium chloride
• Magnesium chloride
• Magnesium Sulphate

Question 22.
Point out the conditions leading to variations in salinity.
Answer:

• Salinity will be more in landlocked seas.
• Salinity increases in areas of high evaporation.
• Salinity decreases in areas where snow meltwater reaches in large quantity.
• Salinity decreases at river mouths.
• Heavy rainfall leads to reduction in salinity.

Question 23.
What causes movements in seawater.
Answer:
The density of seawater is not uniform everywhere. This is due to the variations in salinity and temperature of sea water. Density decreases as temperature increases, and it increases as salinity increases. You have understood that the temperature, salinity and the density of seawater are not uniform everywhere. These variations lead to movements in seawater.

Question 24.
Which are the movements of seawater.
Answer:

• Waves
• Tides
• Ocean currents

Question 25.
What are sea waves?
Answer:
The up and down motion of the water along the surface of the sea is called sea waves.

Question 26.
Mark the missing portion.

Answer:

1. WaveLength
2. Crest
3. Wave height
4. Trough

Question 27.
Name the following:
(i) The summit of the wave
(ii) Bottom part of the wave
(iii) Distance between 2 adjacent crests
(iv) Vertical distance between the crest and the trough
Answer:
(i) Wave crest
(ii) Wave trough
(iii) Wavelength
(iv) Wave height

Question 28.
………. is the reason for waves.
Answer:
The friction exerted by winds on the ocean surface

Question 29.
As the speed of the wind increases, the strength of the wave
a) Decreases
b) Increases
c) Remains constant
Answer:
b) Increases

Question 30.
Name two damages caused by strong waves
Answer:

• Cyclones
• Shelving of shores

Question 31.
Some measures are taken to prevent damage and to protect the lives of people living in the coastal areas. Identify the measures.
Answer:

• Depositing boulders along the seashore.
• Construction of interlocking concrete structures (Pulimuttu)
• Planting of mangroves.

Question 32.
Name the sea waves generated by earthquakes and volcanos
Answer:
Seismic sea waves or tsunami waves.

Question 33.
Prepare a note on mud bank
Answer:
Mudbank is a phenomenon that develops in the Arabian Sea during the onset or the end of the monsoon season. Planktons grow luxuriantly in the turbulent muddy water along the seashore during the monsoon rains. Schools of fish such as shrimp, sardine, and mackerel arrive to feed on the planktons and the mud, giving fishermen a good catch. This phenomenon is known as mud bank.

Question 34.
What do you mean by tides?
Answer:
Tides are he periodic rise and fall of water level in the ocean.

Question 35.
Distinguish between high tide and low tide
Answer:
The rise in the level of ocean water is the high tide and the lowering of the water level is known as the low tide.

Question 36.
What are the reasons for tides?
Answer:
Tides are formed as a result of the gravitational pull exerted by the moon and the sun along with the centrifugal force due to the earth’s rotation.

Question 37.
‘ Illustrate with the help of a figure the occurrence of high tide and low tide.

Answer:
The water level on the part of the earth facing the moon rises. The rise in water level due to the gravitational pull exerted by the moon leads to high tide. You might have noticed that the water level at the opposite side also has risen. The centrifugal force due to the earth’s rotation is the reason for the rise in water level here. It can be seen that the water level goes down at places located 90° away from the places of tidal influence. This is due to the draining of water towards the tidal regions. The phenomenon of fall of water level is known as low tide.

Question 38.
Point out the important effects of tides.
Answer:
High tides and low tides have many effects. Let’s have a look at them.

• The debris dumped along the seashores and ports are washed off to the deep sea.
• The formation of deltas is disrupted due to strong tides.
• Brackish water can be collected in salt pans during high tides.
• The fishermen make use of the tides for going and returning from the sea in catamarans.
• Tidal energy can be used for power generation.
• Ships can be brought to shallow harbors during high tides.

Question 39.
Prepare a note on ocean currents
Answer:
It is a type of seawater movement. Ocean currents are the continuous flow of seawater from one direction to another. They can be classified as warm currents and cold currents. Warm currents are the currents that flow from the tropical or subtropical regions towards the polar or subpolar regions. The water that flows in will be warmer than the water at the destination.

Similarly, cold currents are the currents that flow in from the polar or the subpolar regions towards the tropical or subtropical regions.In this case, the water that flow in will be colder than the water at the destination. The temperature and salinity of seawater varies from ocean to ocean. This difference leads to density difference in seawater. The difference in density is one of the factors that cause ocean currents.

Question 40.
Complete the chart.

Answer:

1. Warm currents
2. Cold currents

Question 41.
What are the effects of ocean currents?
Answer;

• Influence the climate of coastal regions.
• Fog develops in the regions where warm and cold currents meet.
• The regions where the warm and cold currents meet provide favorable conditions for the growth of fish.

Question 42.
Which are the mineral deposits in ocean.
Answer;

• Iron ore
• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural gas

Question 43
The oil field started in 1974 in Mumbai is known as
Answer:
Mumbai High

Question 44.
Name some countries where fishing is an important activity.
Answer:

• Japan
• Peru
• China
• Norway
• USA

Question 45.
What are the medicinal user of marine organisms?
Answer:
Marine organisms help in production of :-

• antibiotics
• steroids
• vitamines

Question 46.
Prepare a flow chart showing method of purifying seawater.
Answer:

Let Us Assess

Question 47.
Which among the following statements is not related to the Indian Ocean?
a. The southern part of this ocean extends up to the Antarctic Ocean.
b. The average depth is more than that of the Atlan tic Ocean.
c. The Puerto Rico trench is situated in this ocean.
d. It ranks third in area.
Answer:
B & C are not related

Question 48.
which among the following places record the least salinity? why?
1. Land-locked sea,
2. Areas of heavy rainfall
3. Areas of high evaporation
Answer;
Landlocked sea. Because salinity increases in landlocked seas.

Question 49.
Is there any relation between the intensity of waves and the wavelength? substantiate
Answer:
The Intensity of waves is defined as the power delivered per unit area. The unit of intensity will be W.m2. The wave energy comes from simple harmonic motion of its particles. The total energy will equal the maximum kinetic energy. As intensity of waves increases the wavelength also increases.

Question 50.
High tide occurs twice a day. Explain this statement.
Answer:
The rise in water level due to the gravitational pull exerted by the moon leads to high tide. Tides can occur as two high waters and two low water each day. The tides are occurred by the gravitational. The moon’s gravity pulls the ocean surface closer to it and the moon makes two trips around the earth each day. Hence there in high tide twice a day.

Question 51.
Explain spring tides and neap tides with the help of diagrams.

The sun, moon, and earth come in a straight line on full moon and new moon days. The tidal force will be intense due to the combined influence of sun and moon. As a result, the tides formed on these days will be stronger. These are known as spring tides. The moon and the sun will be at an angular distance of 90° from the earth after seven days from the full moon and new moon days. As the sun and the moon attract the earth from an angular distance of 90° the tides casued are weak. Such weak tides are known as neap tides. Note the positions of the earth, moon, and sun in the given diagram.

Question 52.
Oceans play an important role in human life and environment. Justify.
Answer:
Influence of Oceans in human life
Oceans play significant role in the life of human beings. We cannot neglect oceans because oceans are useful in

• Influencing our climate.
• Providing mineral deposits.
• helping power generation.
• Providing source of food.

We shall now explain the influence of ocean in detail.