Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 2 World in the Twentieth Century

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 2 World in the Twentieth Century

World in the Twentieth Century Text Book Questions and Answers

World In The Twentieth Century Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
How did Industrial Revolution cause colonization? Prepare a flow chart and explain.
Answer:

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
How does imperialism differ from colonization?
Answer:
Colonization:
Colonial countries considered the colonies as the source of raw materials and the market for their industrial products.

Imperialism:
The distinctive phase of flow of finance capital to colonies is known as imperialism. Imposing a nation’s political, economic and cultural dominance on other nation is a fundamental feature of imperial.

History Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
How did Industrial Revolution cause conflicts among nations?
Answer:
Industrial Revolution resulted in the increase of capital and that was to be invested in for eign trades. These resulted in financial ex-exploitation and competition among the nations and as a result the strong and powerful ones began to divide Africa. This competition for the markets, raw materials and the colonies went on in the last phase of 19th and in the 20th century. All the imperialist nations too joined in this competition that resulted in the outbreak of wars.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 4.
How did the competitions among the imperialist nations lead the world to a war? Discuss.
Answer:
Imperialist rivalry drove the European countries into several crisis among which the Moroccan crisis and Balkan crisis were considered to be important. When Austria laid its claim over the Balkan region with the support of Germany, Serbia claimed this region with the support.of Russia.

During this time, a Serbian youth GaveriloPrinsep, assassinated Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria at the Bosnian capital Sarajevo in July 1914. Austria held Serbia responsible for it and declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914. The allied nations rushed to help their allies. Almost all the nations of the world directly or indirectly were involved in it. Therefore this war is known as the First World War.

Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
The Treaty of Versailles was an example of the vengeance against the defeated nations. Discuss.
Answer:
A peace conference was convened at Paris in 1919 to discuss post war situation under the leadership of the winning allies, Britain and France. They signed different treaties with the defeated nations. The treaty of Versailles, the important one was signed with Germany in 1919.

German colonies were divided among the victorious powers and Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war intensity. Germany had to accept the whole. Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey also signed treaties. Treaty of Versailles stood only for the interests of winning allies.

Hsslive Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Find out how the economic depression in the USA affected the economy of other nations and prepare a short note.
Answer:
After losing in the war, the European nations managed to get loans from the U.S.A. The economic crisis began in USA in 1929. American dollar over took British pound on the basis of foreign exchange holding. The loans given for Germany could not be refunded as the banks collapsed.

Inflation became uncontrollable. Unemployment and poverty increased. Goods were kept unsold in factories. To overcome the crisis, European nations imposed heavy taxes on the colonies. The economic depression in the USA affected other nations.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 7.
“ Fascism was a product of the First World War”. Discuss.
Answer:
The European nations resorted to various strategies to succeed in their imperialistic competitions. Aggressive nationalism was one among them. The European nations used aggressive nationalism to invade other countries. Aggressive nationalists considered their own nations as the supreme and justified whatever be the actions of their nations. Various movements in Europe were an offshoot of aggressive nationalism.

The First World War devastated both the allies. Many European governments lost their power. People were in misery. Unemployment, poverty and inflation gnawed their entire system. Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany rose to power, capitalizing on the political and economic chaos prevailing then. Economic destruction, rivalry against the victors, aimlessness etc. facilitated these forces to grab power.

Hss Live Class 10 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
The ideologies put forth by both Fascists and Nazis had several similarities. Find some examples from the textbook and complete the table.
Answer:

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Notes Question 9.
How did Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Ger-many defy world peace? Conduct a seminar on this topic.
Answer:
The First World War devastated both the allies. Many European governments lost their power. People were in misery. Unemployment, poverty and inflation gnawed their entire system. Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany rose to power, capitalizing on the political and economic destruction, rivalry against the victors, aimlessness etc. facilitated these forces to grab power.

Fascism and Nazism were geared for war and expansion. Both regimes started from a vision of a world of narrowing opportunities in which nations and races had to struggle, expand, or die. Nazism was the German version of fascism Hitler adopted and aggressive foreign policy and attacked Austria and Czechoslovakia. Alliances with Italy and Japan was formed, our countries opposed this which led to the Second world war.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
The reasons behind the outbreak of First World War and Second World War had several similarities’. Analyze the statement.
Answer:

10th Social Science Notes Pdf State Syllabus Question 11.
Given below are some of the outcomes of the First World War. Discuss how they resulted in the Second World War.

a. The Treaty of Versailles
b. Formation of the League of Nations
c. The emergence of Fascism and Nazism

Answer:
The Treaty of Versailles:
According to the Peace of Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, German colonies were divided among the victorious powers.Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. She was disarmed.

Formation of the league of nations:
To bring about peace in the world, the league of nations was formed. But if failed to maintain world peace.

Emergence of Fascism and Nazism:
Based on extreme nationalism Fascism (Italy) and Nazism (Germany) rose to power. By fol-lowing aggressive foreign policy, these two nations began to conquer other nations, they prepared the ground for the second World War.

Hss Live Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
War affects both innocents and culprits. Prepare a note on the lessons that we can imbibe from the First and Second World Wars.
Answer:
Many lost their lives in 1st world war. They suffered from poverty and unemployment. The culture and development was lost in IInd world war. The dangers of nuclear explosion in Hiroshima and Nagazaki are still continuing. Every nation has developed in the field of science and technology. If a world war hap pens again the new weapons would bring an end to the whole mankind. So, let us dream for a world wide peace.

Hsslive Guru Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Prepare a magazine on the liberated nations and their leaders in Asia and Africa.
Answer:
India:
India contributed for the freedom movements in Asian countries. Indian become aware of the religious, education, social reformation and connection with western nations in 19th century. India was saved from British under the leadership of Gandhiji. On 15 August 1947 India and Pakistan became independent.

Burma:
Burma was under British rule till Japan surrendered in the second world war. When Japan lost in the war, British tried to capture Burma, but they protested under the leadership of OngSan. Burma became free in 1948.

10th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
It was the conflicting ideologies that led to ‘Cold war’? Evaluate.
Answer:
The USA and the USSR that formed antifascist alliance during the Second World War parted from each other after the war. The USA floated a new alliance of capitalist countries while the USSR led socialist nations. These two blocs capitalist bloc and socialist bloc that represented contradictory ideas continued their political and diplomatic wars. This enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic confrontations was called the cold war.

Social 10th Class Notes State Syllabus Question 15.
How did decolonization and cold war lead to the formation of Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer:
America and Soviet Union which were united leaving Fascism during the second world war were again separated after the war. America became the new economic nation and led capitalists. Soviet Union formed socioeconomic growth of the nations.

A result of cold war was the differences in the ideologies and diplomatic confrontation of two regions which were enemies. They planned to help their own regions. When the whole world decided to be a part of any powerful region the countries in Asia arid Africa stayed free. They were called third world nations. They feared that the powerful regions may lead for threats and use of dangerous weapons may lead for a 3rd world war. Gradually non-alignment was formed.

Question 16.
Examine how imperialist interests caused the unrest in West Asia.
Answer:
Until the First World War, the territory including Palestine was part of the Turkish Empire. As Turkey was defeated in the war, Britain took over the region. Since the Jews helped Britain in the war, then British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour declared the establishment of a Jewish nation in West Asia as a reward. It is known as Balfour Declaration.

Zionism is an international movement with an objective of the establishment of a homeland for the Jews. We have already discussed the assault and cruelty of Hitler towards the Jews. This intensified the demand for a separate Jewish state. In 1948, the nation Israel was formed. Consequently, many wars broke out between Israel and the Arab nations. Israel seized Palestine, expelling the Palestinians from their homeland.

The Palestinian refugees migrated to various Arab countries. In this context, with an objective of establishing a nation for the Palestinians, a movement called Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded with Yasser Arafat as the President. After a series of bloodshed’s and massacres, Israel agreed in principle to recognize Palestine as a free nation. This agreement mediated by the US is called the Oslo Pact (1993). But, the provisions in the pact are yet be implemented.

Question 17.
How does neo imperialism affect the economy of Third World countries?
Answer:
A new imperialistic view came out for serving the interests of capitalist countries. The MNCs competed with one another to control the resources and assets of 3rd world countries. They promoted consumerism. As a result, the farmers suffered and could not export their goods. They could not get even what they had spent. Unemployment and no wages brought the nation to disaster.

World in the Twentieth Century Let Us Assess

Question 1.
What is meant by imperialism?
Answer:
Using the political power and military forces European countries captured the colonies and considered it as the source of raw materials and market for their industrial products. Later on, the colonial masters started to invest capital in the colonies.

The distinctive phase of flow of finance capital to colonies is Imperialism. The fundamental feature of imperialism is to impose a nation’s political economic and cultural dominance over another ration. Colonialists imposed their dominance using legal system, administrative measures, military forces etc.

Question 2.
How does colonization differ from imperialism?
Answer:
In the 18th century, as a result of Industrial Revolution, the investment began to increase and many nations produced more than what they needed. It could not be accommodated in domestic markets. The trade relation was established with Asian, African and Latin American nations. The European countries economically exploited other from tries using political power and military forces.

The nations produced more than their need and it could not be accommodated in domestic markets. This resulted in competition among the European countries. The economical exploitation of European countries using political power and military forces among the nations later resulted in colonization.

They had considered the colonies as the source of raw materials and market for industrial products. The colonial masters began to invest capital in the colonies.

The phase of flow of finance capital to colonies is termed as imperialism. A nation imposing its political, economic and cultural dominance on another is a fundamental feature of Imperialism. This was done using legal system, administrative measures, military force etc.

Question 3.
“Paris Peace Conference led to the outbreak of the second world war”. Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Indeed the statement is true. The winning allies of the first world war signed the Treaty of Versailles with Germany. According to the treaty, German colonies were divided among the Victorian powers and Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. Germany was disarmed.

The Germans were depressed and agitated. On account of the Treaty, Nazism under Hitler came into power succeeding in creating revenge and nationalism in Germany.

When Germany, Italy and Japan attacked nations, Britain and France did not protest. Socialist country Soviet Union, was their chief enemy. This encouraged fascists attack and was called the policy of Appeasement. Poland was attacked by Germany on 1 “ September 1939. Allied nations declared war on September 3 which resulted in the second world war.

Question 4.
What are the factor that led America into economic crisis?
Answer:
The world was thrown into economic crisis in 1929. Poverty increased among the majority. The production rate increased but goods were kept unsold. The fall in share market resulted in economic crisis. Banks collapsed in the years between 1929 and 1932. Farmers could not sell the products and lost the property.

Question 5.
List the features of fascism.
Answer:

Antagonism to democracy
Opposition to socialism
Glorifying the nation
Adoring the purity of peace
Justification of war
Diffusion of aggressive nationalism
Deifying the past
Indoctrination of ideologies through art, literature and education
Military dictatorship
Destruction of political rivals

Question 6.
Match column A with column B.

Answer:

a. ii,
b. i,
c. iv,
d. iii

Question 7.
Elucidate the political circumstances that led to Isreal-Palestine conflict.
Answer:
Palestine was a part of Turkey till the first world war. But when Turkey was captured, Palestine came under Britain. As the Jews helped Britain in the war, then the foreign secretary Arthur Balfour declared the establishment of Jewish nation in West Asia as a reward. This is Balfour declaration.

Zionism is an international movement with an objective of the establishment of a homeland for the Jews. The cruelty upd assault of Hitler towards Jews intensified the demand for a separate Jewish state. In 1948, Israel was formed. Many wars broke out between Israel and Arab nations. Israel seized Palestine and they were expelled from their homeland. The Palestinian refugees migrated to Arab countries.

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organisation) was formed to establish a nation for Palestinians. Yasar Arafat was the President. After a series of blood shed and massacres, Israel agreed to recognize Palestine as a free nation. This agreement was mediated by the U.S in Oslo Pact. But the provisions are yet to be implemented.

Question 8.
Examine the relevance of Non-Alignment.
Answer:
After the Second World War, Asian, African and Latin American countries became independent. They realized that cold war was another face of imperialism and a threat to world peace. The liberated nations decided not to join any of the blocs and formed Non-Aligned Movement.

They realized that weapons and strong military force would be a threat. Only a world without war or conflict would develop economically and socially. The idea of Non-Aligned Movement was formed in Bandung in Indonesia in 1955. The First Conference was held in Belgrade in 1961.

Question 9.
What are the changes that the disintegration of the Soviet Union brought to the world?
Answer:
The world faced a drastic change after the second world war. America to protect vested interests of imperialism and Soviet Union to protect socialistic ideas. Soviet Union could protect the world from American imperialism. Soviet Union was able to protect the interest of Egypt in the Suez Canal Crisis. Also, Soviet Union stood for justice in the Cuban Crisis and in the conflict on Kashmir between India and Pakistan.

But Soviet Union lost its power in the year 1991. Deviation from the basic principle of socialism and the external intervention as a part of globalization was the reason for the disintegration. The policies of Michael Gorbachev, the President, took Soviet Union to Imperialism.

World in the Twentieth Century Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare an essay on ‘the impact of multinational companies on our daily life.
Answer:
Have you ever thought on the influence of multinational companies in our daily life?
There are mainly 10 multinational companies in India. Microsoft tops the list. American company Microsoft was established in 1991. The second one is IBM which brought drastic changes in the field of Information Technology.

Nestle is another one, which has a prominent place in our day to day life. Maggi, Nestle Milk, Kitkat Bon Bons, Nestea, etc. are the products. It has the third place in MNCs. P&G, the fourth one is for vicks, Ariel, olay, Parrtene, Tide, etc. These products have more than 600 million world wide consumers.

Next is Coco cola:
Lays, Kurkure, Cheetos, 7up, Pepsi all these are unavoidable for us. It is made by Pepsi Co. It came in 1960 and is in the sixth place. Next is ctti group, a venture in the banking sector. It has many branches in India.

T.V, mobile phones, cameras, head phones, memory cards etc. are the products of Sony corporation.Online provides software services part of multinational products. Laptop, desktop, tablet, monitor, printers all belong to the same company.

Apple INC stays for online services and electronic gadgets, i-phones, i-pad, i-pod are its contributions. Majoriy of food products and other items are the contributions of MNCs. Thus the importance of these companies are relevant in our day to day life.

World in the Twentieth Century Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the flow chart explaining the emergence of Imperialism. Industrial Revolution.

Answer:

a.Capitalism
b. Over Production
c. Expensive production
d. Export of Capital
e. Colonization.

Question 2.
Identify and write how Imperialism affected the Colonies.
Traditional economic system of the colonies was destroyed.
Answer:

Traditional economic system of the colonies was destroyed.
Administrative and judicial systems were replaced.
Poverty and unemployment increased.
Natural resources were widely exploited.
People in colonies were forced to cultivate cash crops in lieu of traditional food crops.
Indigenous arts, literature,language,culture and education system were destroyed.

Question 3.
List down the reasons for the first world war.
Imperialist competition for colonies
Answer:

Aggressive Nationalism
Assassination of Francis Ferdinand
Signing of military alliances.

Question 4.
Complete the table.

Answer:

a. Austria Hungary
b. Italy
c. England
d. Russia

Question 5
Complete the following table.

Answer:

a. Russia
b. Germany
c. France

Question 6.
Identify and write down the impacts for the First World War.

Economic dominance of Europe diminished.

Answer:

In Over 10 million people lost their lives or were injured in the war.
Poverty, Unemployment and inflation increased.
Liberation movements in Asia and Africa strengthened.
Agriculture , industry and communication system were destroyed.
In a bid to bring about peace in the world, the league of nations was formed.
Economic depression.
Fascism and Nazism.

Question 7.
Complete the time line given below.

Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the Comparison Table given below.

Fascism	Nazism
Italy	a.
b.	Adolf Hitler
Black shirts	c.
d.	Aryan Racial superiority

Answer:

a. Germany
b. Mussolini
c. Brown Shirts
d. To glorify the nation.

Question 9.
Find out and write down the reasqps for the Second World War.

Treaty of Versailles.
Polish invasion of Germany.

Answer:

Emergence of Fascism and Nazism.
Formation of league of Nations.
Nationalism.
Poland invasion of Germany.

Question 10.
Complete the following table.

Answer:

a. Italy
b. Japan
c. England
d. France

Question 11.
List down the results of the Second world War.

a. Over 10 million people died.
b. Independence of the Asio-African colonies.

Answer:

Economic system of European countries were destroyed.
European dominance in the world diminished.
America and Soviet Union emerged as global powers.
Freedom movements in Asia and Africa intensified.
In a bid to preserve and maintain world peace the United Nations Organization (UNO) was formed.

Question 12.
Complete time line below.

Answer:

a. 1939 September 1,
b. 1939 September 3,
c. United States of America dropped 2 atom bombs in Japan Little boy in Hiroshima on 6th August and Fat man in Nagasakiqn the 9th August,
d. 1945 August 15,
e. 1945, October 24,
f. Formation of Israel,
g. Non- aligned movement was formed,
h.l 96 l,
i. 199 l,
j. Oslo Pact

Question 13.
Complete the table

Answer:

a. South Africa,
b. Ghana,
c. Kenya

Question 14.
List down the reasons for the disintegration of Soviet Union.

Deviation from the basic principles of socialism.

Answer:

Failure in bringing about changes in economic sector.
Regulation on freedom of expression and opinion.
Corruption and inefficiency of the bureaucracy.
Administrative measures of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 15.
Explain the following related to the West Asian problems.

Answer:

a. The idea of establishing a jewish homeland,
b. Establishing a nation for Palestines,
c. The agreement mediated by the U.S to recognize Palestine as a free nation.

Question 16.
Which were the strategies adopted by America to establish its dominance over the World.
• Extended Military Alliances
Answer:

Media were used to promote America’s vested interests.
Utilizing international agencies, America provided financial and military aids to the countries of the world.

Question 17.
Complete the following table.

Ideologies of Neo imperialism	Features
Liberalization	a.
b.	Privatization of public Sector Undertakings
Globalization	Protected the interests of the multinational companies c.

Answer:

a. Adoption of liberal regulations and taxation systems to facilitate import of multinational products to domestic products,

b. Privatization,

c. Economic system of country linked to global economy, Competition driven market came into existence, Trans- border flow of products , services,raw materials, capital, latest technology and human resources facilitated.

Question 18.
Write how did globalization adversely affect developing nations.

Destruction of the indigenous culture.

Answer:

Destruction of indigenous culture.
Intervention of multinational companies challenged the concept of nation state.
Price of agricultural products plunged.
Public sector undertakings were destroyed.
Natural Resources were looted.

World in the Twentieth Century Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
Which are the factors that prompted the capitalist nations to invest in the colonies?
Answer:

Cheap Labour
Availability of raw materials
Low cost involved in manufacturing and selling goods in colonies.

Question 2.
Analyse the back ground of the First World War.
Answer:
Traditional economic system of the colonies:
The European nations vied with each other in establishing colonies. This competition led to conflicts among them and caused mutual distrust and enmity. This further drove the nations to the signing of military alliances. The Triple Alliance and Triple Entente were examples of such military alliances.

Germany, Austria Hungary and Italy were members of triple alliance.Triple entente consisted of England, France and Russia. The formation of such alliances created a war atmosphere in Europe. They started manufacturing and buying lethal weapons.

Aggressive Nationalism:
The European nations used aggressive nationalism to invade other countries. Aggressive nationalists considered their own nations as the supreme and justified whatever be the actions of their nations. Various movements in europe were an offshoot of Aggressive nationalism.

Assassination of Francis Ferdinand:
When Austria laid its claim over the Balkan region with the support of Germany, Serbia claimed this region with the support of Russia. During this time a Serbian youth Gaverilo Prinsep assassinated Francis Ferdinand the heir to the throne of Austria at the Bosnian capital Sarajevo in June 1914.

Austria held Serbia responsible for it and declared war on serbiaon 28 July 1914. Almost all nations of the world directly or indirectly were involved in it. Therefore this war is known as the First world war.

Question 3.
Evaluate the results of the First World War.
Answer:

The first world war ended in 1918. It produced far reaching impacts around the world.
Over 10 million people lost their lives or were injured in the war.
Economic dominance of Europe diminished.
Poverty, unemployment and inflation increased.
Liberation movements in Asia and Africa strengthened agriculture, industry and com munication systems were destroyed.
In a bid to bring about peace in the world, the league of nations was formed.

In 1919 a peace conference was convened at paris to discuss post war situation under the leadership of winning allies, Britain and fiance. They signed different treaties with defeated nations. The Versailles Treaty signed with Germany in 1919 was the most important one. According to this treaty, German colonies were divided among victorious powers and Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. The allies occupied the rich mines of Germany.

Europe was the focal point of first world war and it had to bear the major brunt. Hence economically and politically, the European nations suffered serious setbacks. Ruling dynasties like Romanov in Russia , Hohenzollern in Germany and Hapsburg in Austria Hungary lost power.

The United states of America was not affected by war. Hence European countries was not affected by war. Hence european nations managed to get loans from the USA. Consequently American dollar overtook british pound on the basis of foreign exchange holding.

Question 4.
Arrange the following table.

A	B
Holocaust	of Ancient Roman Empire
Gestapo	Glasnost
Mussolini	Secret Organisation
Gorbechev	Jewish Massacre

Answer:

A	B
Holocaust	Jewish Massacre
Gestapo	Secret Organisation
Mussolini	Restoring of Ancient Roman Empire
Gorbechev	Glasnost

Question 5.
What is meant by New-imperialism?
Answer:
In the post war period a new kind of imperialism emerged. Multinational companies which are registered in a country and functioning in many countries, began to interfere in the economic, social and cultural sectors of the latter for serving the interests of the capitalist countries. It is known as New Imperialism.

Question 6.
What were the factors that led to the Second World War.
Answer:
Emergence of Fascism and Nazism:
Based on extreme nationalism Fascism (Italy?) and Nazism (Germany) rose to power. By following aggressive foreign policy, these two nations began to conquer other nations, they prepared the ground for the second World War.

The Treaty of Versailles:
According to the Peace of Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, German colonies were divided among the victorious powers. Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. She was disarmed.

Formation of the league of nations:
To bring about peace in the world, the league of nations was formed. But if failed to maintain world peace.

Question 7.
How did Fascism and Nazism become a threat to world peace?
Answer:
In 1919 Hitler formed the Nazi party. Hitler projected the purity of Aryans race and argued that Aryans should rule the world. He defied the aryans ancestry of the Germans. All other political parties except the Jazi party were banned. Military Service was made compulsory Hitler incited a spirit of revenge among the Germans against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

Taking advantage of the Feeling of revenge among German, he adopted an aggressive foreign policy. He attacked Austria and Czechoslovakia. Germany formed alliance with Italy and Japan. It was opposed by other countries. Ultimately this led to the outbreak of another world war.

Mussolini resorted to despotic measures in the political and economic fields of Italy. Violence and Ferocity were the strategies of Fascist. Socialists and leaders of peasants and workers were proclaimed as enemies of the nations. Those who opposed the fascist party were executed. Using his military force the black shirts, Mussolini suppressed the opponents through Fascist policies.Italy’s run for dictatorship paved the way for outbreak of another war.

Question 8.
In which country did World economic depression start?
Answer:
America

Question 9.
Explain, what paved the way for the formation of cold war and Non-Aligned Movement
Answer:
The USA and USSR that formed anti – fascist alliance during the second world war parted from each other after the war.The USA floated a new alliance. The USA floated a new alliance of capitalist countries while the USSR led socialist nations.These two blocs- capitalist bloc capitalist bloc and socialist bloc that represented contradictory ideas continued their political and diplomatic wars.

This enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic confrontations was called the cold war. Cold war became intense when the two blocs started new military alliances and regional coalitions. Following the second war many Asian, African and Latin american countries became independent.

They realized that the cold war was yet another face of imperialism. and that it would threaten world peace. The liberated nations decided not to join any of the blocs and formed the Non aligned movement. They understood that the race of super powers for weapons and a stronger military force would pose harm to them.

Question 10.
Arrange the following incidents in chronological order.

Disintegration of Soviet Union
Formation of Israel
Oslo pact
Belgrade Sommit

Answer:

Formation of Israel -1948
Belgrade Summit-1961
Disintegration of Soviet Union -1991
Oslo Pact -1993

Question 11.
Arrange the following table.

A	B
Yasser Arafat	Yugoslavia
Gamal Abdul Nasser	Indonesia
Marshal Titto	Egypt
Ahammad Sukarno	Palestine

Answer:

A	B
Yasser Arafat	Palestine
Gamal Abdul Nasser	Egypt
Marshal Titto	Yugoslavia
Ahammad Sukarno	Indonesia

Question 12.
Evaluate, how America established its dominance over the world.
Answer:

America emerged as a global power and center of world politics following the disintegration of Soviet Union.This is called Uni polar world order.Several strategies were adopted by america to establish its dominance over the world . They are-
Utilizing international agencies, America provided financial and military aids to the countries of the world.
Extended military alliances
Media were used to promote America’s vested interests. It was America’s imperialist policy that paved the way for the gulf war. America utilized their military facilities and technological progress in these wars.

World in the Twentieth Century SCERT Questions and Answer

Question 1.
What are the consequences of industrial revolution which began in England in the eighteenth century.
Answer:

Capitalists invested in factories.
Capitalists increased production.
This made increase in profit.
Production and distribution were controlled by private individuals with the aim to increase profit.
The advent of large scale industries enhanced capital investments.
Over production forced them to search for foreign markets.
Asian and African nations were exploited by using political power and military forces.

Question 2.
What were the circumstances that led to the supremacy of Europeans in Asian and African nations?
Answer:

Capital investment in factories.
Capitalists increased production.
This made increase in production.
Production and distribution were controlled by private individuals with the aim to increase profit.
The advent of large scale industries enhanced capital investment.
Over production forced them to search for world markets.
Using political power and military forces Asian and African nations were exploited.

Question 3.
What are the factors that forced the capitalist countries to begin production in their colonies in Asia and Africa.
Answer:

Cheap labour.
Availability of raw materials.
Low cost as a result of manufacturing and selling goods in colonies.

Question 4.
How did imperialism affect the colonial countries.
Answer:

Traditional economic system of the colonies were destroyed.
Administrative and judicial system were replaced.
Forced to cultivate cash crops instead of food crops.
Indigenous art, literature, language, culture and education system were destroyed.
Poverty and unemployment increased.
Natural resources were exploited.

Question 5.
How did imperialist forces implement exploitative policies in the colonies?
Answer:
By using legal system, military force, administrative measures etc.

Question 6.
Which were the movements formed in connection with aggressive nationalism?
Answer:

Plan Slav movement, Pan – German movement, Revenge movement.
To unite the Slav people of Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece etc. in Eastern Europe was the objectives of Pan Slav movement.
To unite the Teutonic people in central Europe and Balkan provinces was the objective of Pan German movement.
The objective of Revenge movement in France was to conquer AlsaceLorrane which was under the control of Germany.

Question 7.
How did the imperialist crises cause the First World War. Explain.
Answer:
Moroccan Crisis:

A secret treaty was signed between Britain and France in 1904 in which Britain accepted the French supremacy in Morroco.
Germany did not approve it.
Germany sent battleships to Morroco.
The problem was solved by giving some parts of French congo to Germany.

Balkan Crisis :

Balkan was a part of the Ottoman empire.
In 1912, Balkan League defeated Turkey.
Difference of opinion among Balkan countries started in sharing the benefits of the war.

Question 8.
Analyse the results of the First World War.
Answer:

Millions of people lost their lives.
Economic dominance of Europe diminished.
Poverty, unemployment and inflation increased.
Agriculture, industry and communication systems were destroyed.
In a bid to bring about peace in the world, the League of Nations was formed.

Question 9.
What were the consequences of the First World War in Europe?
Answer:

As Europe was the focal point of war, it had to bear the major brunt.
Economically and politically, the European nations suffered set backs.
Ruling dynasties in Europe, lost power. (Hohenzollern in Germany, Habsburg in Austria – Romanov in Russia)

Question 10.
America was not affected by the hazards of the First World War. Substantiate the statement
Answer:

War did not take place in the USA.
European nations which were destroyed in war took large scale loans from the USA.
American dollar overtook British pound on the basis of foreign exchange holding.

Question 11.
Name of the leaders who gave leadership to the Non-Aligned Movement are given below. Name the countries they represent. Jawaharlal Nehru, Marshal Tito, Ahmed Sukarno, Gamal Abdul Nasser
Answer:

Jawaharlal Nehru – India
Gamal Abdul Nasser – Egypt
Marshal Tito – Yugoslavia
Ahmed Sukarno – Indonesia

Question 12.
Write a note on Non-Aligned movement.
Answer:

Movement formed after the Second World War. It was a unity of nations which did not become part of capitalist or socialist bloc
NAM was formed in the conference held at Bandung in Indonesia in 1955.
First conference was held at Belgrade in 1961.

Question 13.
What do you mean by Balfour declaration. Explain.
Answer:
Jews helped Britain in the First World War. As a reward for this the British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour declared the establishment of a Jewish nation including Palestine in West Asia. This is known as Balfour declaration.

Question 14.
Which was the agreement recognized by Israel with the mediation of America in 1993 to liberate Palestine.
Answer:
Oslo pact

Question 15.
What were the aims of Zionist movement and the PLO?
Answer:

Objective of the Zionist movement was to form a nation for the Jews.
The objective of the PLO was to establish a nation for the people of Palestine.

Question 16.
Evaluate the causes for the disintegration of Soviet Union.
Answer:

Deviation from the basic principles of socialism.
Over importance to defense.
Regulation on freedom of expression and opinion.
Corruption and inefficiency of the bureaucracy.
The administrative reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 17.
What were the changes brought about by the disintegration of Soviet Union in the international level?
Answer:

Marked the end of cold war.
Bipolar world destroyed.
Uni polar world emerged.
America became a supreme power.

Question 18.
What are the strategies adopted by America to retain its dominance over the world?
Answer:

By utilizing international agencies America provided financial and military aids to countries of the world.
Extended military alliances.
Overthrew the governments disliked by America.
Media were used to promote America’s vested interests.

Question 19.
How did the competition of multinational companies affect the developing countries?
Answer:

They tried to occupy the wealth of third world countries.
A new consumer culture developed.
Developing nations became the markets of the multinational companies.
Indigenous economy collapsed.

Question 20.
Liberalization, privatization and globalization are the concepts of neo imperialism. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:

Globalization:
Protects the interests of multinational companies. Connected nation’s econorific system with global economic system. Trans border flow of products, raw materials, capital, latest technology and human resources facilitated.
Liberalization:
Adoption of liberal regulation to facilitate the import of multinational products and capital.
Privatization:
Privatization of public sector institutions to promote private sector.

Question 21.
Name the international organisations formulating the policies of globalization.
Answer:
World Bank, International Monetary Found, World Trade Organisation

Question 22.
Explain how globalization adversely affected the developing countries.
Answer:

Led to the destruction of indigenous culture.
The intervention of multinational companies over the concept of nation state.
Price of agriculture products plunged.
Natural resources were looted.
Government withdrew from social service sector.

Question 23.
The Treaty of Versailles was a one sided treaty. Substantiate the statement by analyzing the provisions of the treaty.
Answer:

German colonies were divided among allied powers.
Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity.
The allies occupied the rich mines.
The war guilt was imposed on Germany and she was disarmed.

Question 24.
Analyse the results of the economic depression which affected the world in 1929?
Answer:

People who became pauper as a result of the war, could not purchase commodities.
Goods were kept unsold in factories.
European nations failed to repay their debts to the USA.
Banks collapsed.
Inflation became uncontrollable.
Acute unemployment and poverty.

Question 25.
Economic destruction, rivalry against the victors, aimlessness etc. were the factors that helped the growth of Fascism. Analyse the features of Fascism based on this statement ’
Answer:
Antagonism to democracy, glorifying the nation, justifying war, deifying the past, military dictatorship, opposition to socialism, adoring the purity of race, diffusion of aggressive nationalism, indoctrination of ideologies through arts, literature and education, annihilation of political rivals.

Question 26.
Analyse the circumstances that led the Fascist party into power in Italy.
Answer:

Italy got nothing though she was one among the victors of the First World War.
Destruction of industries, unemployment, increase in tax, inflation etc.
Fear of nation moving to socialist revolution.

Question 27.
Italy’s imperialist ambition led the nations of the world war. Substantiate the statement by evaluating the administration of Mussolini.
Answer:

Adopted violence.
Socialists and leaders of peasants and workers were proclaimed as enemies of the nation.
Those who opposed the fasist party were executed.
Aimed to restore Roman empire.
By using his military force, the ‘Black shirts’, he executed enemies.
Conquered nations like Ethiopia and Albania.

Question 28.
What are the factors that helped Hitler to become the ruler of Germany?
Answer:

Treaty of Versailles imposed by the victorious allies on Germany after the First World War.
Economic crisis and inflation.
Failure of German governments and the political uncertainty.

Question 29.
Nazism was the German version of Fascism. Substantiate.
Answer:

Major enemies of Nazism like socialists, communists, jews and democrats were executed.
Jews were declared as enemies of Germany.
Jews were massacred in concentration camps.
For executing enemies they formed military force ‘Brownshirt secret police troop – ‘Gestapo’.
They argued for the Aryan racial supremacy.
All the political parties except Nazi party were banned.
Military service was made compulsory.
Spread of ideas.

Question 30.
Differentiate and list out the following countries into Axis powers and Allied powers. England, China, Germany, France, Italy, Japan.
Answer:

Axis Powers	Allied Powers
Germany	England
Italy	Frace
Japan	China

Question 31.
The Second World War had left far reaching consequences for the human beings. Evaluate the validity of the statement
Answer:

Millions of people died.
Economic system of European countries was destroyed.
European dominance in the world diminished.
Freedom movements in Asia and Africa intensified.
America and Soviet Union emerged as global powers.
To maintain world peace, the United Nations Organisation was formed.

Question 32.
What are the important aims of the United Nations Organisation?
Answer:

To save the succeeding generations from the scourge of war.
To protect international treaties and laws.
To consolidate activities for the development of the nations of the world.

Question 33.
Analyse the causes of decolonization.
Answer:

Supremacy of imperialist countries was questioned.
Freedom movements strengthened in colonies.
Super powers like USA and USSR supported freedom movements in colonies.

Question 34.
What do you mean by cold war? What was its base?
Answer:

Enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic confrontation between two power blocs was called the cold war.
Ideological conflict and political mistrust.

Question 35.
Why is the First World War called as an imperialist war? Explain.
Answer:
Crises as part of exploiting wealth by conquering colonies.

Question 36.
There were certain similarities between the ideologies put forward by Fascism and Nazism. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:
Hero worship, racism, glorification of the past, war mania, opposition to democracy and socialism

Question 37.
What was the reason for the Moroccan crisis? How was it solved?
Answer:

Germany opposed the claim of France over Morocco.
Morocco was given to France.
France allowed Britain to interfere in Egypt.
A part of French Congo was given to Germany.

Question 38.
Names of certain countries who participated in the First World War are given below. List out them into Allied powers and Central powers.
Russia, Turkey, France, Bulgaria, Germany, Serbia, Britain, Austria.
Answer:

Allied Powers	Central Powers
Britain	Germany
France	Austria
Russia	Turkey
Serbia	Bulgaria

Question 39.
Elucidate the circumstances that led to the formation of military alliances among imperialist nations.
Answer:
Balkan crisis, Moroccan crisis and construction of the Baghdad rail by Germany created conflict among imperialist nations and eventually led to the formation of military alliances. This created suspicion and fear among two groups.

Question 40.
The reforms of Gorbachev intensified the disintegration of Soviet Union. Evaluate the statement.
Answer:

a. Deviation from the basic principles of socialism,
b. The reforms of Gorbachev led to capitalism,
c. Internal problems,
d. Corruption in administration.

Question 41.
The Non-Aligned Movement has relevance today even though there are no power blocs.

What were the circumstances that led to formation of the Non-Aligned Movement?
Who were its leaders?
What does the non-alignment aim?

Answer:

When the world was divided into two blocs, the newly independent nations wanted to stay independent without aligning to any bloc.
Nehru, Tito, Nasser, Sukarno.
Active interference in international issues.

Question 42.
Evaluate the circumstances after the Second World War which led to the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement
Answer:
World was divided into two power blocs under the USA and the USSR. Newly independent nations wanted to stay remain free. In this circumstances the NAM was formed in the Bandung conference held in 1955 in Indonesia.

World in the Twentieth Century Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which organisation was formed to maintain world peace after the First World War ?
Answer:
The League of Nations

Question 2.
What was the name of the secret police troop of Hitler?
Answer:
Gestapo

Question 3.
What was the name of the atom bomb which America dropped in Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 ?
Answer:
Little Boy

Question 4.
Where is the headquarters of the United Nations Organization situated ?
Answer:
New York, United States of America

Question 5.
Analyse how the UNO succeeded in gaining peace in the world?
Answer:
The UNO is strictly under powerful nations. It failed in protecting the small countries when subjected to powerful dangers. The UNO could not bring any control over the use of nuclear weapons.

It could not withdraw the Soviet forces from Hungary.
It was forced to surrender before, America in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Question 6. Fascism was a creation of 1“ world war. Discuss.
Answer:
First world war that began so as to protect democracy brought it towards destruction. The victorious nations suffered from unemployment, poverty and inflation. But the failed ones suffered severely. As a result, the treaties which stopped the war created enmity. Fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany and Communism in Russia were the result.

Question 7.
Decolonization cold war led to Non-Alignment Movement Explain.
Answer:
America and Soviet Union which were united leaving Fascism during the second world war were again separated after the war. America became the new economic nation and led capitalists. Soviet Union formed social-economic growth of the nations.

A result of cold war was the differences in the ideologies and diplomatic confrontation of two regions which were enemies

They planned to help their own regions. When the whole world decided to be a part of any powerful region the countries in Asia and Africa stayed free. They were called third world nations. They feared that the powerful regions may lead for threats and use of dangerous weapons may lead for a 3rd world war. Gradually non-alignment was formed.

Question 8.
Was cold war a threat for world peace? Explain the specialties of cold war.
Answer:
Cold war was the powerful competition between the socialists under Soviet Union and capitalists under the US, after II nd world war. The war was with words and ideologies. The US propagated that Soviet Union was trying to propagate communism. Soviet Union propagated that US was trying to gain mastery over the world. This resulted in cold war. Many nations joined with American and Russian sides. They came to be militant forces and this enhanced cold war.

Question 9.
Examine if the imperialist interests became a reason for the conflicts in west Asia.
Answer:
When Turkey surrendered in the first world war the countries including Palestine became under Britain. Israel was formed in 1948 when the need for a nation for Jews became strong. Arab countries were anxious when foreign countries tried to block the formation of Israel.

Question 10.
Results of 1st world war are known. Discuss how it became a reason for the IInd world war.
Answer:
Treaty of Versailles:
German colonies were divided among the victorious powers and Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. Hitler was against this and protested strongly which led to an outbreak of war.

Growth of Fascism & Nazism:
The fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany were the root cause of IInd World War. The competition between imperialist nations be¬came severe. Britain France and Holland captured majority of the colonies and markets in Asia & Africa. Germany, Italy & Japan had no colonies. This made them in misery. They planned to capture colonies and conquer the weakest nations.

Question 11.
Prepare a note on the lessons taught by war to mankind.
Answer:
Many lost their lives in 1st world war. They suffered from poverty and unemployment. The culture and development Ws lost in IInd world war. The dangers of nuclear explosion in Hiroshima and Nagazaki are still continuing. Every nation has developed in the field of science and technology. If a world war hap pens again the new weapons would bring an end to the whole mankind. So, let us dream for a world wide peace.

Question 12.
Explain the formation of the United Nations Organization.
Answer:

Although the League of Nations was established following the first world war, it failed to maintain world peace.
After the Second World War, efforts were taken to set up an organisation for preserving global peace.
This resulted in the establishment of the United Nations Organisation on 24 October, 1945.
The headquarters of the UN is in New York, United States of America.
Some of its objectives are to save the succeeding generations from the scourge of war, to protect international treaties and laws and to foster social and economic development of countries.