Plus One Political Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 4 Social Justice

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Kerala Plus One Political Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 4 Social Justice

Social Justice Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who is the author of the Theory of Justice?
Answer:
John Rawls

Question 2.
What do you mean by social justice?
Answer:
Social justice means that all th& members of the society are equals. Social justice ensures that all the people in the nation are given equal opportunities and equal consideration. Social justice does not approve any discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, color or gender.

Question 3.
What is Plato’s concept of justice?
Answer:
Plato has given his theoretical interpretation of justice in his famous book “The Republic”. For Plato, justice means:
a) A lifestyle which is suitable for the features of one’s profession.
b) Each person destined for a special task and he should be used for that task.
c) The work one is doing. Plato feels that justice has a personal and social angle. When a person is asked to do a particular job because he is found competent in doing it, the society has to keep that job reserved for him. According to Aristotle, justice is something that can be distributed or something that can be used to rectify mistakes.
d) The Distributive Concept demands the equal distribution of things among equals.
e) The Corrective Concept remedies the mistakes.
f) When equals are treated unequally or when un-equals are treated equally there comes injustice.

Question 4.
Prepare a chart showing different aspects of the concept of justice.
Answer:

Question 5.
Point out the features of numerical concept of justice and geometrical concept of justice.
Answer:
The numerical concept of justice and geometrical concept of justice can be codified as follows:
Numerical concept of justice:

• Numerical concept of justice allows everyone to have equal justice.
• It means those who were considered unequal at some point in time will be considered equals.
• Jeremy Bentham says that each one has to account for the other. Nobody should be more than one.
• Modern democratic nations are based on the concept of justice.

Geometrical Concept of Justice:

• Geometrical concept of justice supports proportionate justice.
• Distribution of the profession should be proportionate to the competence of the individual.
• As an example, Aristotle says flutes can be given only to those who have the capacity to play the flute.
• In the same way, rulers must be those who are competent to rule.
• Numerical concept of justice is called Democratic Justice whereas Geometrical concept of justice is called Aristocratic Justice.

Question 6.
Explain the three principles of justice,
Answer:
1. Social justice: This means all the people in the society are equal. Everybody in the nation should be given equal opportunities and equal consideration. The essence of social justice is seeing everyone equally without any discrimination in the name of caste, religion, color, and gender.
2. Economic Justice: These are the basic factors of economic justice: All the primary needs of the citizens should be fulfilled. There should circumstances where all can live comfortably. They should get adequate wages for their work. Social security must be assured. Equal pay for equal work.
3. Political Justice: This means an atmosphere where people have free and fair participation in the political system of the nation.
Right to universal adult franchise. Non-discrimination in the appointments to government jobs.

Question 7.
Find the odd one out.
a) Justice means giving one what he deserves.
b) Justice means equal distribution among equals.
c) Justice means considering equals as un-equals.
d) Justice means a social order acceptable to all.
Answer:
Justice means considering equals as un-equals.

Question 8.
What do you mean political justice?
Answer:
Political justice means an atmosphere where people have free and fair participation in the political system of the nation. Right to universal adult franchise. Non-discrimination in the appointments to government jobs.

Question 9.
Prepare a note on John Rawls’ theory of justice,
Answer:
John Rawls is an American philosopher. In his book The Theory of Justice’, he put forward 2 principles regarding the Theory of Justice. They are as follows:
i) In the broad framework of basic freedom, according to the freedom of all individuals, each person should have equal opportunity.
ii) Social and economic inequalities should be tackled in two ways:

• For the maximum benefit of those who are least favored, there should be reservations.
• We should be guided by our discretionary powers and not morality when it comes to the distribution of government jobs so that the underprivileged get extra consideration.

Rawls does not give us predetermined moral criteria or goals., He gives us freedom to determine what is the best in the given circumstances. This is what makes Rawls’ theory very significant and an inevitable means of approaching the problem of law and justice.

Question 10.
Match column A with columns B and C.

A	B	C
Aristotle	Numerical Justice	Letting individuals free
Plato	Platonic Justice	Considering unequal as equals
Marx	Marxian justice	Harmonious social order
Bentham	Liberal Justice	Each one according to his ability & each one according to his need.
J.S. Mill	Geometrical Justice	Proportionate Justice

Answer:

A	B	C
Aristotle	Geometrical Justice	Proportionate Justice
Plato	Platonic Justice	Harmonious social order
Marx	Marxian justice	Each one according to his ability & each one according to his need.
Bentham	Numerical Justice	Considering unequals as equals
J.S. Mill	Liberal Justice	Letting individuals free

Question 11.
Can you identify the situation where social justice is denied in our society? If yes, point out such situations.
Answer:
There are many situations in the modern period where social justice is denied. The Law for Self-Financing Institutions which was passed by the Kerala Assembly was to ensure social justice based on merit as well as wealth. But the Private Managements of Kerala got a Court order in their favor in the name of Minority Rights and they torpedoed the Self-Financing Law. Governments have been trying their best through legislation to ensure social justice. Here are some important steps:
a) For the people below poverty line (BPL) rice is supplied at Re. 1 a kilo through ration shops.
b) Different scholarship schemes have been introduced to uplift members of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe students.
c) To reduce the inequality between the rich and the poor, there are taxation policies.
d) The poor are given certain essential commodities at subsidized prices*
e) There is the Comprehensive Insurance Scheme.

Question 12.
Government has to take several steps to achieve social justice. In your opinion what are those steps to be taken by the government to attain social justice?
Answer:
a) Rationing system
b) Comprehensive Insurance Scheme
c) Loans to farmers without interest.
d) Unemployment wages

Question 13
Complete the following flow chart:

Answer:

Question 14.
Do new economic reforms lead to violation of social justice? Give your opinion.
Answer:
Yes, they do. Some new economic reforms can cause denial of justice. In the open market of free competition, rural industries and small scale producers and merchants can’t survive the competition from large scale monopolies. There are also situations in which ordinary people become slaves to the consumer culture. Because of the easy loans, common people are easily caught in the debt trap!

Question 15.
Complete the following:
Principles of Justice
a) Equal consideration to equals.
b) …………………….
c) …………………….
Answer:
Principles of Justice
a) Equal consideration to equals.
b) Proportionate justice
c) Recognizing special rights

Question 16.
Who propagated the Theory of Justice?
Answer:
John Rawls

Question 17.
Who wrote the book entitled “Theory of Justice”?
a) Aristotle
b) Plato
c) John Rawls
d) Rousseau
Answer:
John Rawls

Question 18.
In a society where there are class distinctions, there will be no
Answer:
Social justice

Question 19.
The principle of considering equals as equals is also called
Answer:
Numerical justice