Plus One

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Model Question Paper 3

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer all questions from question numbers 1 to 9. Each carries one score.

Question 1.
The fact that a business is separated and distinguished from its owner is best exempli­fied by the concept.
a. money measurement
b. going concern
c. business entity
d. cost

Question 2.
In every organization, a large number of small payments of repetitive nature are there. To record these as a separate cash book is main­tained is called petty cash book. Name the person who prepares this book.

Question 3.
Consider the following fields of MS Access

Voucher
Voucher
No Voucher Name
Here, ‘voucher’ stands for_____

Question 4.
Furniture bought on credit is the wrong re­corded in the cash book. It is an exam-pie of an error of….
a. principle
b.compensation
c. commission
d. omission

Question 5.
Name any two internal users of accounting information of your choice.

Question 6.
Income tax paid by the sole trader from the business is treated as____
a. Capital
b. Drawings
c. Expensed.
d. None of these

Question 7.
Arun sold goods on credit for Rs. 1000 to Amal. Who is the debtor in this transactions?

Question 8.
……………is used as a source document for recording purchase return.

Question 9.
Complete the series based on the hint given:

Hint: Intangible asset – goodwill

1. Fictitious asset -________
2. Liquid asset – __________

Answer any five from question numbers 10 to 15. Each carries two scores.

Question 10.
Prepare a cash book from the follow­ing transactions of grace enterprises for the month of December 2010.

Question 11.
Computerised accounting has some advan­tages over manual accounting. List out any four such advantages.

Question 11.
Computerised accounting has some advan­tages over manual accounting. List out any four such advantages.

Question 12.
Jaya Brothers is a sole trader who invested Rs 10000 on 01-01-2012 in his business and the accounting year. He also withdrew Rs 6000 for his private use. Ascertain his profit for the year.

Question 13.
Given below is an extract taken from the Trial Balance of a trader as on 31 -12-2012

Additional information:
a. Further bad debts to be written off this year were Rs 100.
b. 10% is reserved for further bad debts
How much amount has to be debited to the Profit and Loss account?
<

Question 14.
Unni purchased goods for Rs 9818 and the trader allowed a discount of Rs 18 at the time of purchase.
a. Identify the type of discount
b. Mention the other types of discounts available and differentiate them with the one stated above.

Question 15.
Consider the following information from the books of Mr. Sidique.
a. Profit for the year Rs. 60000
b. Additional capital introduced by him Rs. 50000
c. Drawings by him this year Rs.30000
d. Capital at the end of the year Rs.200000
Find the capital contributed by him at the beginning of the year.

Answer any three from question numbers 16 to 19 Each carries three scores.

Question 16.
M.S. Brothers carry on business as cloth deal­ers. From the following, write their purchase book for January 2010


3^rd Jan-2010

Purchased on credit from Ambika Mills, 100 meters long cloth @ Rs 30 per meter and 50 meters shirting @ 50 per meter.

8^th Jan-2010
Purchased for cash from Aravind Mills, 50 meters muslin@ Rs 40 per meter
15^th Jan-2010

Purchased on credit from India Textile Mills, 120 meters suiting @ Rs 100 perimeter and 100 meters shirting @ 60 per meter.

20^th Jan-2010
Purchased laser printer on credit from Bharath Company Ltd. for Rs 12000

Question 17.
0n January 31, 2013, the passbook of Miss Reshmi showed a credit balance of Rs 15000. On verifying the passbook with the cash book, the following was observed.


1. Ascertain the cash book balance as on the above date.
2. Give any two causes of differences between a cash book and a passbook other than the four stated above.

Question 18.
0n 1^st July 2011, Mrs. Kavitha sold goods to Mrs. Molly for Rs 10000 and drew 2 months bill for that amount which was duly accepted. On 5^th July 2011, Mrs. Kavitha discounted the same with the bank for Rs 8500. On the due date, the bill was dishonored and noting charges of 150 was paid by the bank. Show the journal entries in the books of both the parties.

Question 19.
Prasad kept his books under single entry system. His position as on 31 -12-2012 was as follows.

His capital account shows a credit balance of Rs 54000 as on 01-01-2012. He introduced
an additional capital of Rs 5000 during the financial year. He withdrew Rs 10000 for
personal purpose. Ascertain his profit for the yearended3l-12-20l2.

Answer any two from question number 20 to 22. Each carries four scores.

Question 20.
On 01 /01 /2013, A sold goods to B for Rs 2000 and on the same day, ‘A’ drew upon ‘B’ a bill of Rs 2000 for three months. On 06/01/2013, the bill has been discounted and received Rs 1800. On the due date, the bill has been dishonored.
Draw up the journal in the drawer’s book.
What would be the entry have been had the banker spent Rs 100 for noting the bill?

Question 21.
Give journal entries for the following tran­sactions.
1. Ram started a business with cash Rs. 80,000/- Building Rs. 1,50,000/­Machinery Rs. 1,20,000/- and stock of goods Rs. 50,000/-
2. He purchased goods for Rs. 70,000 of which he paid Rs. 50,000 in cash and balance on credit from Mohan

Question 22.
The following is the trial balance of Ammu Associates for the year ending 31st Dec­ember, 2014 and other information relating are given to you. Find the working result of business and also show the financial position of them for the year.

Additional information:

• Closing stock is valued at Rs. 25000
• Salary of an employee is not paid Rs.500
• Further bad debt incurred Rs. 200
• Provision for bad debt is created at 5% on debtors.

Answer question numbers 23 and 24. Each car­ries five scores.

Question 23.
Some transactions relating to business are given below:

1. Prepare a suitable cashbook from the above.
2. Identify a special Journal where goods withdrawn by the proprietor for perso­nal use worth Rs 200 will be recorded

Question 24.
The following balances are taken from the books of Mr. Biswas. After making the following adjustments, prepare the Trading and Profit and Loss accounts for the year ended 31 st March 2014 and a Balance Sheet as on that date.

Answer any one from question numbers 25 and 26. A question carries six scores.

Question 25.
Compute the cost of goods sold and gross profit with the help of the following information.

Question 26.
Prepare the financial statements of Rajeevan Stores for the year 2012-13 from the information given below.


Adjustments:
(a) The closing stock was valued at Rs 7000.
(b) Wages yet to be paid Rs 300.
(c) Rent includes advance payments of Rs 600 for the next year.
(d) Bad debts are written off Rs 400.
(e) Depreciate building at 10% per annum.

Answer question number 27, which carries eight scores.

Question 27.
What do you mean by accounting, branc­hes of accounting and explain the features of accounting?

Answer

Answer 1.
business entity

Answer 2.
Petty cashier

Answer 3.
Entity

Answer 4.
principle

Answer 5.
Managers, Employees

Answer 6.
Drawings

Answer 7.
Amal

Answer 8.
Debit Note

Answer 9.
Preliminary expenses / Profit and loss (Debit balance)

Answer 10.
Double column cash book

Answer 11.
1. Speed: A computer is able to process data at a very high speed than that of a human being.
2. Accuracy: gree of exactness with which compu­tation are made and operations are performed.
3. Diligence: Computers can work for long hours without any laxity and monotony.
4. Versatility: Computers have the ability to perform a variety of task, simple as well as complex. It can be used in any area of application – business, industry, statistical, technological etc.

Answer 12.
Statement of Profit / Loss for the year ended

Answer 13.

Answer 14.

Answer 15.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.

ii.
(a) Interest, dividend etc collected by the bank
(b) Direct payment by the bank on behalf of the customer.
(c) Interest credited by the bank.
(d) Dishonor of cheques/bill.

Answer 18.
In the books of Mrs. Kavitha

Answer 19.

Answer 20.
In the books of Drawer (A)

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

Answer 23.

Answer 24.

Answer 25.
Cost of goods sold = opening stock + Purchase + Direct = Expenses – closing stock
=60000 + (30000-2000) + 50000 + 10000-80000
= 60000 + 298000 + 60000 – 80000 = 338000
Gross profit = Sales (Net) – Cost of goods sold = (400000 – 3000) – 338000 = 59000

Answer 26.

Answer 27.
Meaning and Definition of Accounting According to the American Institute of Certified public Accountants [AICPA], “Accounting is an art of recording, classi­fying and summarizing in a significant manner and in terms of money, trans­actions and events which are, in part, at least, of a financial character and inter­preting the result thereof’.

Branches of Accounting
In order to satisfy the needs of the differ­ent people interested in accounting infor­mation, various branches of accounting have developed. They are:

1. Financial Accounting: It is the original form of accounting. The purpose of this form of accounting is to record transa­ctions in the books of accounts and to prepare the financial statements and interpreting the results.

2. Cost Accounting: This branch of accounting deals with the process of ascertainment of cost with the help of this system, the cost of product or services can be ascertained and controlled. It is more helpful to the management of the business.

3. Management Accounting: It is con­cerned with the use of financial and cost accounting information to managers for making business decisions.

Accounting Process/Features
Identification: It means determining and identifying events that are to be recorded in business. The business transactions and other economic events, therefore, be evaluated for deciding whether it has to record in the accounts

Measurement: It means quantification of business transactions into financial terms by using monetary units (Rupees). If an event cannot be monetarily expressed, it is not considered for recording.

Recording: Once the economic events are identified and measured, they are recorded in the books of accounts in chronological order.

Communication: The summarised accounting information has to be communicated in a proper form to the internal as well as external users.

Objectives of Accounting:

Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Model Question Paper 2

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer all questions from question numbers 1 to 9. Each carry one score.

Question 1.
Credit purchase is calculated by preparing……….

a. Total Debtors account
b. Total Creditors account
c. Bills Receivable account
d. Bills Payable account

Question 2.
Under which one of the following can the asset of ‘Debtors’ be well placed?

a. Real asset
b. Fixed asset
c. Current asset
d. Human asset.

Question 3.
The drawer of a bill of exchange is always the………

a. Debtor
b. Endorser
c. Creditor
d. Proprietor

Question 4.
Introduction of the latest technologies may be one of the causes for_________
<
a. Depletion
b. Amortisation
c. Appreciation
d. Depreciation

Question 5.
What will be the effect on the trial balance if Rs 500 is received as interest and correctly entered in the cash book, but posted to the debit side of interest account?

Question 6.
A bill dated August 1, 2012, is payable two months after date. If the due date is a public holiday, what will be the date of maturity of the bill?

Question 7.
When the debit of income and expenditure is more than its credit, it leaves a………

a. profit
b. surplus
c. deficit
d. loss

Question 8.
A ____ is a person to whom business owes money.

a. Debtor
b. Creditor
c. Investor
d. Borrower

Question 9.
Furniture bought on credit is wrongly re­corded in the cash book. It is an exam-pie of an error of ………..

a. Error of principle
b. Error of compensation
c. Error of commission
d. Error of omission

Answer any five from question numbers 10 to 15. Each carries two scores.

Question 10.
The trial balance is a statement prepared to check the arithmetical accuracy of business.
a. Name any two types of errors which can­ not be disclosed through this state­ment.
b. Rectify the following errors.

1. Office furniture purchased for Rs. 5000 was posted to purchase acco­unt.
2. Cash sales Rs. 2000 was posted as Rs. 200.
3. Goods withdrew by the proprietor for personal use Rs. 1000 was not recorded in the books

Question 11.
Every transaction has two aspects which will be recorded in the books of accounts.
a. Identify and explain the accounting concept referred to above, by giving suitable examples.
b. Narrate a transaction which affects only the asset side of an accounting equation

Question 12.
The following errors are noticed in the books of accounts of a trader at the time of prepara­tion of a Trial Balance.

a. Sales book was overcast by Rs 300
b. Salary paid Rs 1500 was wrongly debited to Wages account.
c. Goods sold to Kavitha worth Rs 2000 were completely omitted to be reco­rded.
d. Rent amounting to Rs 1200 was recei­ved but debited to Rent account as Rs 120.

1. 1. Pass the rectification entries for the above.
   2. Identifying the compensating error from the above.

Question 13.
Which assumption of accounting states that the capital supplied by the proprietor is a li­ability to the business? Describe it in one or two sentences.

Question 14.
Jaya Brothers is a sole trader who invested Rs 10000 on 01-01-2012 in his business and the same was found at Rs 18000 at the end of the accounting year. He also withdrew Rs 6000 for his private use. Ascertain his profit for the year.

Question 15.
Unni purchased goods for Rs 9818 and the trader allowed a discount of Rs 18 at the time of purchase.
a. Identify the type of discount
b. Mention the other, types of discounts available and differentiate them with the one stated above.

Answer any three from question numbers 16 to 19. Each carries three scores.

Question 16.
Kannan and Sona acquired a machine for Rs.1,80,000 on 10^th Oct 2012 and spend Rs. 20000 for its installation. The firm write-off depre­ciation at the rate of 10% p.a. on original cost every year. Draw up machinery account for the first 3 years given that the books of accounts close on March 31 st every year.

Question 17.
Prepare a Bank Reconciliation Statement on behalf of Lalu shoe mart as on 31 -03-2013.

• Balance as per cash book as on 31­03-2013 was Rs 3000.
• A cheque worth Rs 2000 issued for rent, so far not presented to a bank
• Interest credited to passbook was only 1200
• Chinnu, one of our customers, cred­ited Rs 4000 to our bank directly.
• Bank charges of Rs 200 were not cr­edited to the cash book so far.

Question 18.
Noel, the sole trader bought a building for Rs. 1,00,000 on01/01/2009.
Further, he constructed another building which was completed on 01 /01 /2010. He spent Rs 2,00,000 for this.
Depreciation was charged at the end of every year on 31st December on the diminishing balance method @10%. Draw the building account till 2012.

Question 19.
On 1^st January 2012, Rajan sold goods to Suresh for Rs 25000 and drew upon him a bill of exchange for 2 months. Suresh accepted the bill and returned it to Rajan. He then endorsed the bill to Manoj, who discounted the bill with the bank on 15-01 -2012 for cash Rs 24750. The bill was dishonored on the due date. Show the journal entries in the books of Rajan and Suresh.

Answer any two from question numbers 20 to 22. Each carries four scores.

Question 20.
On 1st January 2015, Arya sold goods to await for Rs. 10000 and drew a bill of exchange for 3 months. Adwaith accepted the bill. In 7th Feb 2015 Arya discounted the bill with her bank for Rs. 9800. But on the date of maturity of the bill, Adwaith was unable to make the payment. Pass the journal entries in the books of Arya.

Question 21.
On 1^st July 2012, a firm purchased a plant worth Rs 40,000. The firm writes-off depreciation @ 10% on the original cost. The accounts are closed on 31^st December every year. If the plant is sold for Rs 35000 on 1st July 2013, prepare the plant account up to this date.

Question 22.
Ali purchased goods for Rs 30000 from Stephen on 1st January 2015. A bill was drawn for three months which was accepted by the drawee and returned to Stephen. On the same day, the bill was discounted with the bank @12%. Pass the entries in the
books of the drawer and drawee.

Answer question numbers 23 and 24. Each car­ries five scores.

Question 23.
Prepare a double column cash book on behalf of a cloth merchant from the information given below.

Question 24.
Noel, the sole trader bought a building for Rs. 1,00,000 on01/01/2009.
Further, he constructed another building which was completed on 01 /01 /2010. He spent Rs 2,00,000 for this.
Depreciation was charged at the end of every year on 31st December on the diminishing balance method @10%. Draw the building account till 2012.

Answer any one from question numbers 25 and 26 A question carries six scores.


Question 25.
Mention the difference between double en­try and single entry system.

Question 26.
Find the sale of Binesh from the following information provided by him for the year ending 31 st March 2013.

Answer question number 27, which carries eight scores.
Question 27.
From the following Trial balance, prep­are the Trading and Profit and Loss account for the year ended 31^st Dece­mber 2012 and a Balance sheet as on that date considering the adjus­tments given.


Adjustments required:
(a) The closing stock was valued at Rs 18000.
(b) Insurance prepaid Rs 200.
(c) Salary outstanding Rs 3000.
(d) Rs 500 written off as further bad debts
(e) Provide 10% on debtors against bad and doubtful debts.
(f) Depreciate furniture @10%

Answer

Answer 1.
Total Creditors account

Answer 2.
Current asset

Answer 3.
Creditor

Answer 4.
Depreciation (Obsolescence)

Answer 5.
A liability

Answer 6.
The expense for the business

Answer 7.
Procedure

Answer 8.
Creditor

Answer 9.
Error of principle

Answer 10.
a. Errors of Principle, Compensating errors

Answer 11.
a. Duality concept/Double entry concept
According to the duality concept, every business transaction has two aspects

• a debit aspect (giving aspect) and
• a credit aspect (receiving aspect).

Eg: Purchased goods for cash
Debit aspect – Purchases
Credit aspect – Cash
b.

• Purchased machinery for cash
•  Sold furniture for cash etc.

Answer 12.

Answer 13.
A business entity or Accounting entity. According to this concept, the business unit has a separate entity apart from its owners. Thus the proprietor and his dealings with the business should be regarded as a transaction.

Answer 14.
Statement of Profit / Loss for the year ended 31-12-2012

Answer 15.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.
Bank Reconciliation Statement as on 31-03-2013

Answer 18.

Answer 19.

Answer 20.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.
In the books of Drawer (Stephen)


Answer23.

Answer 24.

Answer 25.
The following are the difference between the double-entry system and single entry system.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.
Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31-12-2012

Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Model Question Paper 1

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer all questions from question 1-5 which carries score 1 each.

Question 1.
Rajeev received an order for 100 Churidars of र 250 per Churidar from Krishna Textiles. But the accountant did not record the item in the books. Point out the accounting con­cept guided the accountant.

Question 2.
A loan can be treated as a short loan if the period is
a. years
b. More than two years
c. Less than one-year
d. than one year

Question 3.
Did Sam sell goods worth? 15000 on 10-03-2016 to Dinesh and drew a bill for two months. Calcu­late the maturity date if Dinesh accepted it

Question 4.
Identify the key attribute from the following:
a. Name of the student
b. Admission number
c. Class
d. Date of birth

Question 5.
SQL stands for
a. Structured Question Language
b Standard Question Language
c. Structuared Query Language
d. Standard Query Language

Question 6.
Fill in the blanks with suitable examples.

Question 7.
The following is the error committed in the book of a car Manufacturing company
Wages A/c Dr
Cash A/c
(Being wages paid for the construction of build­ing)

1. 1. Show the rectification error
   2. Identify the types of error involved

Question 8.
Prepare a statement showing the accounting equation on the basis of following transac­tions.
1. Nihara started a business with cash र 5,00,000
2. Purchased goods from Nirmal for र 60,000
3. Paid into Bank र 75,000
4. Sold goods to Abi costing र 80,000 for र1,00,000

Question 9.
Show the Debit or Credit of the following items.
a. Increase in the value of Fixed asset
b. Increase the amount of withdrawals from the business for private affairs
c. Decrease the value of debtors

Question 10.
An amount transferred from one account to another account is treated a contra entry. Write two more examples of contra entry.

Question 11.

Question 12.
Briefly explain the following terms:
a. Single Entry
b. Accrual System

Answer any five from question numbers 13 to 18. Each carries two scores.

Question 13.
From the following transactions of M/s Sujith and Sons for the month of April 2017. Pre­pare Purchase Day Book.
April 52017 purchased credit from M/s Rahul Mills.
100 pieces of long cloths @ र 90/piece 50 pieces of shirting @ र 150/piece.
April 8, 2017, Purchased for cash from M/s Niranjan Mills.
50 pieces of suiting @ र 180/piece.
April 152017 purchased goods on credit from Sunil Mills.
20 pieces of coatings @ र 1200/piece.
10 pieces of shirtings  150/piece.
April 20, 2017, purchased credit from Laneesh T.raders
60 typewriter र@ 500 each.

Question 14.
Identify the type of errors on the basis of the following narrations:

Question 15.
Find out the profit of the business from the given information:
Capital at the beginning of the year र 6,50,000
Capital at the end of the year  र 5,00,000
Drawings made during the year र 2,75,000
Additional Capital introduced र  50,000

Question 16.
List out the three distinct advantages of computerised accounting over manual ac­counting

Question 17.
What is a Query in computerised accounting?

Question 18.
Balance sheet differs from the statement of affairs. Write three points to support the above state­ment

Answer any three from question numbers 19 to 22. Each carries four scores.

Question 19.
Gopal cashier of star traders advanced र 2,000 as imprest amount to Ramesh on 1 -1 -2017 the petty cashier of the firm. Could you help Ramesh to record the following items?

Question 20.
Soorya Traders purchased machinery for र  1,50,000 on 1 -1 -2012. The further purchased machinery on 1-7-2013 for र 80000. Prepare Machinery Account for three years considering that the firm writes off depreciation at the rate of 10 % on original cost every year.

Question 21.
Hari in a discussion agrees that financial statements are the most reliable accounting report to exhibits the profitability of the firm. Do you agree? why?

Question 22.
Write journal entries for the following transactions:
a. Did business start with cash र 1,00,000
b. Purchased goods from Manu र 40,000
c. Purchased furniture र 1,50,000
d. Paid cash to Manu in full settlement

Answer question numbers 23 and 25. Each car­ries five scores.
Question 23.
Prepare a bank reconciliation statement.
a. Overdraft is shown as perc ash book 31-12-2017 र 20,000.
b. Bank charges debited in the passbook
c. Interest on overdraft र 760.
d. Cheque issued but not encashed र 4,300.
e. Interest on investment collected by the Bank and credited in the passbook र 120.
f. Cheque paid into Bank but not cleared before 31-12-2017? 2,200.

Question 24.
Sojan sold goods for? 50,000 to Sreejithon 1­4-2017. Sojan drew a bill of exchange upon Sreejith for the same amount for three months. Sreejith accepted the bill and resumed into Sojan. Sojan endorsed the bill to George. The bill is dishonored on the due date. Show the journal entries in the books of Sojan.

Answer any one from question numbers 25 and 26. A question carries six scores.

Question 25.
List out five situations which lead discrep­ancies in the pass book balance and cash book balance.

Answer the following questions which carry 8 scores.

Question 26.
The following balances are extracted from the Trail Balances of.KBros. Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss A/c on the year ending 31 ^st March 2017.

1. Closing stock र 10000
2. Provide 5% provision on doubtful debts.
3. Wages र 300 and salary र 500 are outstanding.
4. Depreciation on plant and Machinery 5%, Building 10%.

Answer

Answer 1.
Full disclosure concept.
This principle requires that all material and relevant facts concerning financial perfor­mance of an enterprise must be fully and com­pletely disclosed in the financial statement.

Answer 2.
Less than one year

Answer 3.
11-5-2016

Answer 4.
Admission number

Answer 5.
Structured Query Language

Answer 6.

Answer 7.
a. Building A/c
To Wages A/c
An error of principle when a transaction is recorded in contravention of accou­nting principles.

Answer 8.

Assets = Liability ± Capital
Asset = Cash + Debtors + Stock
= 425000+100000 + (-20000) = 505000
Assct=L+C=445000+ 60000= 505000

Answer 9.
a. Debit
b. Debit
e. Credit
d. Debit

Answer 10.
a. Cash deposited into bank
b. withdrew cash from a bank

Answer 11.

Answer 12.
single entry
Single entry accounting system is a method of book keeping relying on a one-sided accounting entry to maintain financial information.

Accrual system
Under the accrual system basis of accounting, expenses are matched with the related revenue and are reported when the expenses occur, not when

the cash is paid.
The result of accrual accounting is an income statement that better measures ta specific time period.

Answer 13.

Answer 14.
Error of principles
When a transaction is recorded in contravention of accounting prin­ciples. It is called the error of principles.

Error of commission
There are tire error which is committed due to wrong posting; of transactions, wrong totaling or wrong balancing of the accounts, the wrong casting of subsidiary books etc. These errors are clerical nature and most of the errors of commission effect in the trail balance.

Answer 15.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.
A query is basic tools that access provides for retrieving information from the database. It is used to review, add, change or delete data from the database. It allows. taking information from single or multiple tables to obtain the data required. Different types of queries are Selected queries, Parameter queries, Crosstab queries, Action queries, Union query, and Pass-through query.

Answer 18.

Answer 19.

Answer 20.

Answer 21.
Yes, I agree with the statement. Financial statements are more reliable accounting rep­orts to exhibits the profitability of the firm. Trading and Profit and Loss Account, Balance sheet are the two important finan­cial statements. Trading and Profit and Loss Account also known as income statements show the financial performance of the busi­ness in the form of Profit of Losses for a particular period. The balance sheet shows the financial position of the business for a particular date.

Answer 22.

Answer 23.

Answer 24.

Answer 25.
The various situations which lead to discrepancies in pass book and cash book balances are:

1. Cheque issued or drawn to creditors but not paid by Bank.
2. Amount deposited directly into the Bank.
3. Expenses paid by the Bank
4. Bank charges
5. Cheque deposited for collection but not yet collected and credited by the bank.
6. Interest on deposits

Answer 26.

Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Improvement Question Paper 2018

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer all questions from question 1 to 8. Each carry 1 score.

Question 1.
State the accounting concept, if a business charges depreciation underwritten down value method and it follows the same method in the subsequent years.

Question 2.
Which one of the following events is NOT a business transaction?
a. Furniture purchased for cash
b. Goods are ordered for next month
c. 10% of debtors are treated as bad.
d. Salary outstanding to the employee

Question 3.
Computer purchased from Mr.X on credit is recorded in the ……………..
a. Purchase book
b. Journal proper
c. Cash book
d. Sales book

Question 4.
As per business entity concept owner of the business is
a. supplier
b. creditor
c. debtor
d. borrower

Question 5.
Find the odd one and state the reason
a. Mouse
b. Monitor
c. Keyboard
d. Pen drive

Question 6.
Find the “entity” from the following.
a. Employee
b. Employee
c. Employee name
d. Age

Question 7.
Income receivable is………………….
a. an asset
b. a liability
c. profit
d. a loss

Question 8.
Different entities are related to simplifying the data storage is termed as………….

Answer any five from question numbers 9 to 14, Each carries two scores.

Question 9.
Classify the following items as Revenue, Ex­pense, Gain and Profit.
a. Profit on sale of investment
b. Interest received
c. Goods sold at above cost
d. Depreciation

Question 10.
Arun constructed a building for Rs.5,00,000 for his new business concept. After 2 years the market value of the building is enhanced toRs.8,00,000
a. If you are the accountant, which amount appear in the books?
b. What is the accounting principle support your recording?

Question 11.
Cash book is both a Journal and Ledger. Justify your views.

Question 12.
Write the name of the correct computer com­ponents in the given box.

Question 13.
Identify the limitations of CAS from the foll­owing
a. Disruptions
b. Scalability
c. Staff opposition
d. Legibility

Question 14.
Point out any two differences between ‘Pro­vision’ and Reserve’

Answer any 4 questions from question numbers 15 to 19. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 15.
Show the effect of following transactions on Asset, Liabilities, and Capital based on the accounting equation.

1. Started a business with cash र15000
2. Rent received र 5000
3. Purchased goods on credit from Rema र2000
4. Paid cash to household expenses र 4000
5. Sold goods for cash (cost 10000) र13000
6. Deposited into bank र 25000

Question 16.
Calculate gross profit from the balances taken from the books of Usha for the year ending 31^st March 2017

Question 17.
From the following information, calculate the capital at the beginning.

Question 18.
Explain briefly about ‘Accounting Reports’.

Question 19.
What are the following terms stand for?

1. GAAP
2. IFRS
3. ICAI

Answer any 3 questions from question numbers 20 to 23. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 20.
Give narrations for die following journal entry.

Question 21.
Record the following transactions in a double column cash book

Question 22.
Chandra Traders purchased a Motor Van on 01-01-2013 for र 6,00,000. The firm writes off depreciation at the rate of 10% p.a on written down value method. Draw up Motor Van account for the first three years

Question 23.
Identify the debit and credit aspects from the following transaction.

• Insurance premium paid in advance
• Discount allowed Mr. Anandu
• Goods were taken for personal use
• Depreciation is written off on Machinery

Answer any 2 questions from question numbers 24 to 27. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 24.
The cash book shows a debit balance of Rs. 10, 800. on comparing the cash book with passbook the following discrepancies were found. Help them to reconcile the same.

Question 25.
Help Ramu a friend of you to prepare a Trial
Balance with the following items.

Question 26.
Rectify the following errors
a. Credit sales to Mohan र 1200 was not recorded
b. Rent paid र 6000 was posted to Ramu (Laird Lord) personal account
c. Cash sales र 2000 were posted as र 200
d. Sales book overcast by र 3000
e. Purchases book under cast by र 4000

Question 27.
Aroop sold goods to Salini on January, 1st 2017 for र 40000 and drew upon her a bill of exchange for three months. Salini accepted the bill and returned to Aroop. Aroop discounted the bill by an interest of 8% p.a on 02-01-2017. On the due date, the bill was dishonored. Record the entries in the books of Aroop

Answer question number 28, which carries 8 scores.

Question 28.
From the following Trial Balance of M/s. Goutham and Son’s as on 31 st December 2016 prepare a Trading and Profit & Loss Account and Balance sheet.


Adjustment:
a. Closing Stock र 12,300
b. Outstanding wages र 200 and salary र 100
c. Accrued commission र 300
d. Create 5% provision for bad and doubtful debts.
e. Charge 10% depreciation on Machinery.

Answers

Answer 1.
Consistency

Answer 2.
Goods are ordered for next month

Answer 3.
Journal proper / Purchase book

Answer 4.
Creditor

Answer 5.
Monitor [Output component]
OR
Pen drive [Storage device ]

Answer 6.
Employee

Answer 7.
An asset

Answer 8.
Relationship/ER Model/Entity Relationship

Answer 9.
Profit on sale of investment – Gain
Interest Received – Revenue
Goods sold at above cost – Profit
Depreciation – Expense

Answer 10.
a. Rs.500000
b. Historical cost concept/Cost principle

Answer 11.
1. Cash transactions are recorded directly from source documents
2. Cash and bank balance can be determi­ned. Thus there is no need for preparing cash a/c or bank a/c.

Answer 12.
a. Input
b. output
c. Memory unit
d. Control unit

Answer 13.
a. Disruptions
b. Staff opposition
c. Provision
d. Reserve

Answer 14.

Answer 15.

Answer 16.
Gross Profit = Net sales – Cost of goods sold
Cost of goods sold = Opening stock + Net purchases + Direct expenses – Closing stock
CGS = 100000 + 900000 + 80000-150000
=930000
GP= 150000-930000 = 570000

Answer 17.

Answer 18.
Accounting report is a collection of related information. It is a physical form of account­ing information. It helps in decision making.

Answer 19.
a. GAAP – Generally Accepted Account­ing Principles
b. IFRS – International Financial Reporting Standards
c. ICAI – Institute of Chartered Account­ing of India.

Answer 20.

1. Goods are withdrawn for Personal use
2. Introduced stock into the business
3. Paid cheque to Rejitha
4. Sales A/C closed

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

Answer 23.
Insurance paid in advance A/C – Debit
Insurance – Credit
Discount allowed A/C – Debit
Mr. Anandu A/C – Credit
Drawings A/C – Debit
Purchases A/C – Credit
Depreciation A/C – Debit
Machinery A/C – Credit

Answer 24.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.

Answer 28.

Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Paper 2017

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Question 1.
Vinod took a loan of र 1,00,000 from Canara Bank. Identify the debtor in the above transaction

Question 2.
Writing off the cost of intangible assets is te­rmed as …………..
a. depreciation
b. depletion
c. amortization
d. obsolescence

Question 3.
Which one of the following is NOT a feature of Ready-to-use accounting software?
a. It is suited to small organizations.
b. A volume of accounting transactions is very low
c. Cost of installation is high.
d. A number of users is limited.

Question 4.
Classify the following assets under appropri­ate heads.

a. Cash
b. Machinery
c. Land
d. Stock

Question 5.
“A Balance Sheet is more reliable than state­ment of affairs”. Explain.

Question 6.
Classify the following into input devices and output devices.
a. Keyboard
b. Printer,
c. Mouse
d. Monitor

Question 7.
Give any two limitations of computerized ac­counting systems.

Question 8.
a. Write a suitable entity for the attributes given below
Account Code,
Account Name
b. Also, identify the key attribute to that en­tity.

Question 9.
a. Mention the name of the reserve that is created out of revenue profits.
b. How does it differ from capital reserve?

Question 10.
Opening stock र 18,000
Purchases र 22,000
Wages र  5,000
Closing stock र 15,000
a. Ascertain cost of goods sold.
b. How is gross profit, if sales are? 37,500

Question 11.
Write any two data types in MS-Access with suitable examples.

Question 12.
Match the following

Question 13.

• Started business with cash र 85,000 and stock र 15,000.
• Sold goods for cash र 10,000.

a. Prove that the accounting equation is sat­isfied in the above transactions.
b. Also, pass the journal entries to record the above transactions

Question 14.
Purchases day book was undercast by र 3,000.
Wages paid र 500 in connection with pur­chase of machinery has been debited to wages account.
a. Identify the type of errors committed in the above transactions.
b. Pass the entries to rectify it.

Question 15.
On 1st January. 2016 Arun drew a 3 months bill upon Varan for र 6000. On 3rd January 2016, Arun discounted the bill with his banker @ 6% per annum. The bill was honored on the due date.
a. Identify the drawer in the above bill.
b. Record the necessary journal entries in the books of Arun and Varan.

Question 16.
The cashbook of Manu showed a debit bal­ance of र 18,000. On comparing cash book with Passbook, the following differences were noted.
a. Cheque issued but not yet presented for payment र 4,000.
b. Bank charges debited in the passbook र 500.
c. Cheques sent to the bank for collection but not yet collected र 3,000.
d. Rent collected and credited by the bank र 3,500.

1. 1. Name the statement Manu will prepare in order to reconcile balance as per cash book with passbook,
   2. Prepare that statement to reconcile it.

Question 17.
Sethu a dealer in books had the following tran­sactions for the month of June 2016.
a. Purchased books on credit from Himalaya Publishers:
100 copies of Accountancy Text for Class
@ र 150 per text.
80 copies of Business Studies Text for Cla­ss XI
@ र 120 per text.

b. Purchased books on credit from Saradhi Books:
90 copies of Accountancy Text for Class
@ र 180 per text
75 copies of Business Studies Text for Cla­ss XII @ र140 per text Trade discount allowed 5%.

c. Returned to Saradhi Books :
8 copies of Accountancy Text for Class XII
@ र 180pertext.
15 copies of Business studies Text for Cla­ss XII
@ र140 per text.

1. Record the above transactions in the ap­propriate daybooks.
2. Identify the source document for recording the transaction no. (c) above.

Question 18.
The following is the Trial Balance of Kiran, a trader as on 31 st December 2016.

Additional information:
a. The closing stock was valued at ? 10,000.
b. Carriage outstanding? 500.
c. The commission received in advance? 700.
d. Provide 5% of debtors for bad debts.
Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss account for the year ended 31 st December 2016 and a Balance Sheet as on that date.

Answers

Answer 1.
Vinod-Debtor

Answer 2.
amortization

Answer 3.
c. Cost of installation is high.

Answer 4.
Current Assets – Cash, Stock
Fixed Assets – Land, Machinery

Answer 5.

• In the Balance sheet, the balance of assets,
• The balance sheet is prepared under the double entry system. A statement of affairs is pre­pared from incomplete records.

Answer 6.
Input devices: Keyboard, Mouse
Output devices Printer,’Monitor

Answer 7.
Limitations of CAS:

• The high cost of training
• Staff opposition
• Discretion
• System failure
• Breach of security
• Inability to check unanticipated errors
• ill effect or health

Answer 8.
a. Entity – Account
b. Key Attribute – Account code\code

Answer 9.
a.Revenue Reserve/General Reserve
b. Difference between capital Reserve and General Reserve:

1. Capital Reserve created out of Capital pro¬fit, Revenue Reserve created out of Rev¬enue profit
2. Capital Reserve – For compliance of legal requirements
   Revenue Reserve – Strengthen financial position
3. Capital Reserve – cannot be utilised for .dis¬tribution of dividend
   Revenue Reserve – Can be utilised for dis¬tribution of dividend

Answer 10.
a. Cost of goods sold = Opening stock + Net
purchases + Direct exp – closing stock Cost of goods sold
= 18000 + 22000 + 5000-15000 = 30,000 b. Gross Profit = Cost of goods sold – Net sales = 37500-30000 = 7500

Answer 11.
a. Text – It can be a name
b. Date/time: -Birthdate

Answer 12.
a. a-Principle of Conservatism(iv)
b. b – Dual aspect concept (iii)
c. c – Money measurement (ii)
d. d – Objectivity principle (i)

Answer 13.
a. Assets = Liability + capital
Cash + Stock

1. 1. 85000+15000 = 0 + 1,00,000
   2. 10,000-10,000=0+0
      95000 + 5000 = 0+1,00,000

Answer 14.
a. i. The error of commission/be sided Error
ii. The error of principle/two-sided Error

Answer 15.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.

b.Debit Note

Answer 18.

Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Paper 2018

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read the instructions carefully
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from question number 1 to 9. Each carries score.

Question 1.
Notebooks purchased by a stationery shop comes under……..
a. Assets
b. Income
c. Purchases
d. Liabilities

Question 2.
Fill in the blank.
………….A/c Dr.
To Thomas & Co.A/c
(Purchased Machinery from Thomas & Co.)
a. Purchase
b. Cash
c. Machinery
d. Goods

Question 3.
Ramesh, a dealer of Television, sold old furniture to Rafeeque for Rs. 3,000 on credit. Identify the day book to record this transac­tion.
a. Purchase day book
b. Journal proper
c. Sales day book
d. Cash book

Question 4.
Bank Reconciliation Statement is prepared by…..
a. Bank
b. Depositor
c. Creditor
d. Debtor

Question 5.
Rent paid Rs.4,500 was entered in cash book as Rs. 5,400. This is an error of…..
a. Principle
b. Omission
c. Compensating error
d. Commission

Question 6.
…………….reserve is not shown in the Bal­ance Sheet.
a. Secret
b. General
c. Revenue
d. Capital

Question 7.
James sold goods for Rs. 10,000 to Rajeev and a promissory note was prepared for a period of 2 months and endorsed to Raheem. Who is the drawer of the promissory note?
a. James
b. Rajeev
c. Raheem
d. None of these

Question 8
……………….. account is prepared by a trader, who does not maintain the double entry system of accounting, to find out the value of credit purchase.
a. Total creditors
b. Total debtors
c. Bills receivable
d. Bills payable

Question 9.
Find the odd one out.
a. Keyboard
b. Mouse
c. MICR
d. Printer

Answer any five from question numbers 10 to 15 Each carries two scores.

Question 10.
Identify the accounting principles related to the following:
a. Purchased 10 kg of raw materials for Rs. 5,000 was entered in the books of account asRs. 5,000.
b. Assets of a business are always equal to the claims of owners and outsiders.

Question 11.
Rectify the following errors.
a. Sold goods for Rs. 7,000 to Sangi & Co., entered in Purchase day book.
b. Rent paid Rs. 4,000 debited to Landlord. account.

Question 12.
Insurance premium of Rs. 6,000 was paid for a period of one year on 1^st April 2015. How the transaction will be treated while preparing fi­nancial statements for the year ending 31^st December 2015?

Question 13.
Write any two features of using computers in accounting.

Question 14.
Match the column A with column B.

Question15.
Write the name of any two attributes of the entity employee in an organization.

Answer any three from question numbers 16 to 19. Each carries three scores.

Question 16.
In a business organization, goods are known in different names. Write the names used for the goods in the following cases.
a. Goods remaining unused at the end of the year.
b. Goods returned by the buyer due to break­age in transit.
c. Goods sold for cash and credit.

Question 17.
Royal Furniture received an order for making a dining table on 10^th May 2017 and they com­plete the work on 15^th July 2017. The dining table was delivered to the customer on 20^th July 2017 and received the payment on 25^th July 2017. On which date this transaction will be recorded in the books of the Royal Furniture? Why?

Question 18.
A Trial Balance is given below. Rewrite it, if there is any mistake.

Question 19.
Write a short note on a key attribute with an example.

Answer any two from question numbers 20 to 22 Each carries four scores.

Question 20.
Prepare Minerva Traders A/c from the following information for the month of December 2017.

Question 21.
Compute the cost of goods sold and gross profit with the help of the following information.

Question 22.
From the following particulars, find out total purchases.

Answer question numbers 23 and 24. Each car­ries five scores.

Question 23.
Prepare a Bank Reconciliation Statement as on 31^st December, 2017.

Question 24.
On 4^th May 2014, Rajan sold goods to Kabheer for Rs. 25,000. Kabheer paid Rs. 5,000 immediately in cash and accepted a bill drawn by Rajan for the balance amount for a period of 2 months. On maturity date, Kabheer requested Rajan to cancel the old bill and to draw a new bill upon him for a period of 3 months. He also agreed to pay interest at 6% p.a.in cash. Rajan to cancel the old bill and to draw a new bill upon him for a period of 3 months. He also agreed to pay interest at 6% p.a. in cash. Rajan agreed and cancelled the old bill and drew a new bill. The new bill was accepted and met by Kabheer on the due date. Pass the journal entries in the books of Rajan.

Question 25.
Prepare a double column cash book from the following transactions for the month of January 20l8.

Question 26.
On 1^st July 2014 M/s. Golden Stores purchased a second-hand plant for Rs. 85,000, spent Rs. 10,000 for its overhauling and Rs. 5,000 for installation. Another plant was purchased on 1^st January 2016 for
Rs. 50,000. It was decided to charge depreciation at 10% on original cost, On July 1^st, 2016, the plant purchased on 1^st July 2014 was sold for Rs. 75,000. Prepare a plant account up to 31^st December 2017.

Answer question number 27, which carries eight scores

Question 27.
The following is the Trial Balance extracted from the books of Arya Traders for the year ended 31^st March 2017.


Additional information:

1. The closing stock was valued at Rs. 45,000.
2. Salaries paid only up to 31^st January 2017.
3. Insurance prepaid Rs. 800.
4. 10% p.a. on debtors.
5. Depreciate building at 5% p.a. and furni­ture at 10% p.a. Prepare Trading and Profit & Loss account for the year end­ed 31^st March 2017 and a Balance Sheet as on that date.

Answer

Answer 1.
a. Purchase

Answer 2.
c. Machinery

Answer 3.
b. Journal proper

Answer 4.
b. Depositor.

Answer 5.
d. Commission.

Answer 6.
a. Secret

Answer 7.
b. Rajeev

Answer 8.
a. Total creditors

Answer 9.
d. Printers

Answer 10.
a. Money measurement concept
b.Dual Aspect / Duality principle
or Accounting equivalent concept

Answer 11.

Answer 12.

Answer 13.
Features in computers in accounting
1. Online input and storage of data, speed, accuracy.
2. Printout of purchase and sales invoices, the codification of accounts, grouping of, accounts, instant reports etc.

Answer 14.
a.Data processing – covert data into information
b. Front-end interface – Link between user and software
c. Reporting system – Pinal output
d. Back-end database – Data storage system.

Answer 15.
Employee ID, Employee Name, Employee Age, Employee sex, Employee Department etc.

Answer 16.
a. Closing stock: It is the amt of inventory that business still has on hand at the end of reporting period.
b. Sales return or Return Inward: Return of goods by the customer ( solid earlier) to the business.
c. Sales: IT is the revenue or income earned by a business through the sale of goods and services.

Answer 17.
Revenue Recognition Concept (Realisation Concept)
The concept says that the revenue for a business transaction should be included in the accounting records at the time when the title of goods passes from seller to buyer, unearned or unrealised revenue should not be taken into account.

Answer 18.
Trial Balance As on 31st March 2017

Answer 19.
Attributes are characteristics of entities that further describes the entity such as height, weight, date of birth, name, ID etc.
The different types of attributes are:

1. Simple or Atomic attributes: Attributes that cannot be further subdivided into smaller parts.
   Eg: height of a person
2. Composite attributes: Attribute that can be subdivided into smaller subparts.
   Eg: Name into First Name, Middle,
3. Single-valued attribute: An attribute with a single value for an entity.
   Eg: Age has an only single value
4. Multi-valued attribute: An attribute with multiple values.
   Eg: Educational qualific­ations
5. Stored attribute: A basic attribute that contains some stored value is called a stored attribute.
   Eg: From the date of birth age is derived.
6. Derived attribute: The attribute derived from a stored attribute is called derived attri­butes
   Eg: From the date of birth age is derived and age is called derived attributes.
7. Complex attribute: A multi-valued attri­bute may be nested or grouped within pare­ntheses ( ) or curly braces { } to constitute a complex

Answer 20.

Answer 21.
Cost of goods sold = opening stock + Purchase + Direct = Expenses – closing stock
= 60000 + ( 30000 – 2000) + 50000 + 10000 -80000
= 60000 + 298000 + 60000 – 80000 = 338000
Gross profit = Sales ( Net) – Cost of goods sold = ( 400000 – 3000) – 338000 = 59000

Answer 22.
Total purchases = Cash purchase + credit purchase. Cash purchase = 47000 Credit purchase

Answer 23.

Answer 24.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.

Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Economics Model Question Paper 4

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer all questions from question numbers 1 to 5. Each carry one score.

Question 1.
Match the columns ‘B’ and ‘C’ with column

Answer all questions from question numbers 2 to 6. Each carries 1 score

Question 2.
The mode can be graphically located by means of…………….

Question 3.
This method is appropriate in cases where informants are literate and are spread over a wide area.

a. Direct personal interview

b. Indirect oral investigation

c. Mailed questionnaire

d. Information from correspondents

Question 4.
What is TANWA?

Question 5.
Inflation is a situation of the general price level.

Question 6.
Who was the first person to discuss the concept of a poverty line

Answer all questions from question numbers 7 to 11. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 7.
Write the features of urban poverty.

Question 8.
Write any two examples each for quantitative and qualitative data.

Question 9.
Name two major sources of human capital in a country.

Question 10.
Distinguish between formal sector workers and informal sector workers.

Question 11.
A data on the annual profit of a firm is given below:

Draw the Arithmetic Line graph (Time Series graph) for the data.

Answer any 6 questions from question numbers 12 to 18. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 12.
Distinguish between primary data and sec­ondary data with examples.

Question 13.
In a city, the weekly observations made in a study on the cost of living index are given in the following table:


Draw a frequency polygon for the above data (without constructing a histogram)

Question 14.
Heights of 10 plants in a garden are given below.

a. Find of the mean height.
b. State the interesting property of A.M.(3)

Question 15.
‘Small scale industries play a vital role in economic development. Write the advan­tages of small-scale industries.

Question 16.
Calculate the arithmetic mean from the following data:

Question 17.
Write the conventional sources and non-conventional sources of energy.

Question 18.
Classify the following features pertaining to the economics of India, China, and Pakistan (One Child norm, very high fertility ratio, commune system, high density of popula­tion, economic reforms in 1988, economic reforms in 1991).

Answer any 4 questions from question numbers 19 to 23. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 19.
Find the odd one out and justify your answer.
a. UGC,NCERT,SCERT,NREGP.
b. Title, Captions, Stubs, Text.
c. Mode, Median, Quartiles, Percentiles.
d. Chemical fertilizers, HYV seeds, Licensing, Irrigation.

Question 20.
Compare the development experience of In­dia, China and Pakistan with reference to demographic indicators, GD.P., growth rate, and development strategies.

Question 21.
The following data shows the daily wages of 11 families.

Question 22.
While preparing a frequency distribution; your friend is confused about inclusive and exclusive classes. Help her to distinguish be­tween them, with examples for each.

Question 23.
The ranks given by two judges to the six par­ticipants of the Kuchipudi competition in the Subdistrict School Kalolsavam, 2012 are Find the correlation between the two judgments.

Answer any 2 questions from question numbers 24 to 26. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 24.
Calculate the correlation coefficient between X and Y and comment on their relationship.

Question 25.
In a survey the monthly income of 230 fami­lies in a village was found as follows:
Find mode.

Question 26.
In India, workers are employed in formal sec­tor and informal sector. Is it necessary to gen­erate gen­erate employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector ? Give reasons.

Answer any 2 questions from question numbers 27 to 29. Each carries 8 scores.

Question 27.
The following data shows the marks obtained by 50 students of a class in a test.

Question 28.
Your Economics teacher is planning to form an economic association in your convener from two students. The criteria for selection is the consistency in marks of five class tests in Economics.
The marks are:

Who will be selected as the convener? (Hint: State the answer by finding SD,CV)

Question 29.
Vishnu and Joshy are classmates. Usually, they conduct combine study during holidays. They want to draw a Lorenz curve during the course of their study. Explain the steps required to draw the Lorenz Curve.

Answers

Answer 1.

Answer 2.
Histogram

Answer 3.
b. Direct oral investigation

Answer 4.
Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture

Answer 5.
Increasing

Answer 6.
Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer 7.
1. Good facility of education, drinking water sanitation etc make the standard of the living of urban people high assets


2. open unemployment is generally found

Answer 8.
Quantitative Data

• Production
• Weight

Qualitative Data

• Nationality
• Gender

Answer 9.
Major sources of human capital in a country they are,

• Investment in Education
• Investment in health
• Migration
• Information

Answer 10.
Formal sectors are an establishment with more than ten workers, they have a high salary, have social security measures, stable employment etc. While in informal sectors are establish­ments with less than ten workers, low wages, No social security measures, No stable em­ployment, etc.

Answer 11.

Answer 12.
Primary Data
It refers to a collection of data, direct from its source of origin. The enumerator i: e, a per­son who collects the data, can collect it by conducting an inquiry or an investigation.

Secondary Data:
It refers to a collection of data by some ag­ency, which already collected the data and processed. The data thus collected is called secondary data. Secondary data can be ob­tained either from a published source such as government reports, documents, news­papers, books written by economists, etc

Answer 13.

Answer 14.

Answer 15.
Small-scale industries are more “labour intensive” ie they use more labour than the large-scale industries and, therefore generate more employment. But these industries cannot compete with the big industrial firms., it is obvious that the development of small-scale industry requires them to be shielded from the large firms. For this purpose, the production of a number of products was reserved for the small-scale industry, the criterion of the reservation is the ability of these units to manufacture the goods. They were also given concessions such as lower excise duty and bank loans at lower interest rates. Therefore it can be concluded that small-scale industries play a vital role in an economy like India.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.
Conventional Source of Energy: The energy sources which cannot be compensated, once these are used ( after their exploit­tion) are termed as conventional energy sources, eg: Coal, Electricity, Petroleum

Non-Conventional Source of Energy: The energy sources which should be renewable and provide a pollution free environment are termed as a non-conventional source of en­ergy. eg: Solar, wind, tidal energy.

Answer 18.
India: High density of population, Economic reforms in 1991

Answer 19.
a. NREGP – All others are institutions for controlling education.
b. Text – All others are related to part of a table.
c. Mode – All others are partitioned values
d. Licensing-AII others are related to green revolution.

Answer 20.
The population of Pakistan is very small and is about one-tenth of China and India. Though China is the largest nation among the three, its density is the lowest. Popula­tion growth is highest in Pakistan, followed by India and China. Sex ratio is low and bi­ased against females in all the three coun­tries. The fertility rate is also low in China and very high in Pakistan. Urbanization is high in both Pakistan and China with India having 28 percent of its population living in urban areas.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.
Inclusive Method
In comparison to the exclusive method, the inclusive method does not exclude the upper-class limit in a class interval. It includes the upper class in a class. Thus both class limits are parts of the class interval.

Exclusive Method
The classes, by this method, are formed in such a way that the upper-class limit of one class equals the lower class limit of the next class. In this way, the continuity of the data is maintained.

Answer 23.

Answer 24.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.
It is necessary to generate employment in the formal sector. The reasons are:

• Acceptance of labour laws
• Formation of trade unions.
• Minimum wage fixation
• High level of monitory gains

Answer 27.

Answer 28.



Since S.D and C.V of Jyothi are less com­pared to Amrutha, Jyothi is considered more consistent. Therefore Jyothi should be selected as convenor according to the criteria.

Answer 29.
1. The size of items or mid-points of classes is cumulated. The cumulative sum of the items is assumed to be 100. All the different cumulative totals are converted into a percentage.

2. Frequencies are also made cumulative. Last cumulative frequency is considered as 100. Other frequencies except the last are converted into a percentage.

3. Cumulative frequencies are plotted on X-axis while cumulative items are plot­ted on the Y-axis.

4. We start on X-axis while cumulative items are plotted on the Y-axis

5. 0 on X-axis and 100 on Y-axis are joined by a line. This line is known as the line of equal distribution.

6. We plot the values on X and Y axis in an ordinary way and the plotted points are joined by a curve. It is the curve of ac­tual distribution.

7. The lesser distance between the line of equal distribution and line of actual distribu­tion shows lesser dispersion and so on.

Plus One Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Economics Model Question Paper 3

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer all questions from question numbers 1 to 6. Each carry one score.

State whether the following statement is true or false. (Q. 1 to Q. 3)

Question 1.
In India, inflation is calculated by using the wholesale price index.

Question 2.
SHG for Social Health Group

Question 3.
More than half of the workforce in India belongs to regular salaried employees.

Question 4.
Find the odd one out
height,weight ,honesty,price,income.

Question 5.
Find out the odd one Growth, Modernization, Equity, Exports

Question 6.
Match column B with column A


Answer questions from question numbers 7 to 11. Each carries two scores.

Question 7.
Name some modem industries which were in operation in our country at the of indepen­dence.

Question 8.
Give two ways of converting government companies into private companies

Question 9.
The activities of Kudumbasree limits in your locality plays an important role in the empowerment of women. How far it will promote the empowerment of women in your own view?

Question 10.
Critically evaluate the shortcomings of the industrial policy pursued by the colonial administrators.

Question 11.
You are asked to study, the problems faced by the rubber cultivators in Kerala. List out the important steps for preparing this project.

Answer any six questions from question numbers 12 to 18.Each carries three scores

Question 12.
Identify the various favorable conditions prevailing in India which make outsourcing possible.

Question 13.
Write three techniques for studying corre­lation.

Question 14.
Calculate the simple aggregative price index for the commodities given below.

Question 15.
China’s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. Do you agree? Elucidate.

Question 16.
Which of the following errors is more serious and why?

Question 17.
Complete the parts of the statistical table given below.

Question 18.
The following table gives the daily income of ten workers in a factor. Find the arithmetic mean.

Answer any four questions from question numbers 19 to 23. Each carries four scores.

Question 19.
Critically evaluate the poverty alleviation programmes implemented in India

Question 20.
Draw a flow chart with different types of sampling

Question 21.
The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted to a hospital during a year.

Find the median age

Question 22.
How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India?
a. Global warming and ozone depletion
b. Reduction of forest coverage
c. Rising population
d. Air and water pollution

Question 23.
Group the following features pertaining to the economies of India, China, and Pakistan. (One-child norm, very high fertility rate, commune system, high density of population, economic reforms in 1988, economic reforms in 1991).

Answer any two questions from question numbers 24 to 26. Each carries five scores.
Question 24.
“Many developed countries were finding it difficult to maintain the growth rate of even 5%. China was able to maintain nears double­digit growth for more than two decades.” Can you point out the main strategies adopted by China to attain this?

Question 25.
The marks secured by 60 students in an examination are given below.

Question 26.
Mark obtained by 50 students in an examination are given below. Write the frequency distribution of these marks.

8,25,14,7,33,61,78,54,81,27,21,1867,58 55,21,90,74,53,38,42 ,63,7119,20,28,3741 ,85,29,64,79,88,97,19,21,41,77,59,69 52 ,44,75,81,2791,98,39,86,19

Answer any two questions from question numbers 27 to 29. Each carries eight scores.

Question 27.
Krishna is a research student at Cochin University. He is doing research on poverty among slum dwellers. He conducted a pre­test before the actual survey begins. Mention the advantages of conducting such a survey.

Question 28.
To check the quality of two brands of light bulbs, their life in burning hours was estimated as under for 100 bulbs of each brand.

1. Which brand gives higher life?

Question 29.
During the colonial period, industrial progress of India economy was very slow. Give reasons for supporting this statement.

Answer

Answer 1.
True

Answer 2.
False

Answer 3.
False

Answer 4.
Honest

Answer 5.
Exports. Others are objectives of 5 years

Answer 6.

Answer 7.
Cotton textile, Cement Industries, Jute textile, Sugar industries, paper industries.

Answer 8.
1. Disinvestment sales of public sector companies.

2. Withdrawal of the govt from ownership and management of public sector companies.

Answer 9.
Kudumbasree units help empowerment of women in the following manner.

1. Self-employment
2. Microfinancing
3. Critical evaluation
4. Rural poverty eradication

Answer 10.
1. Capital goods industry was absent
2. Indian handicraft industries perished

Answer 11.
Choice of the target group

Answer 12.
Outsourcing is good for India. Because the outsourcing is generated the new employ­ment opportunities in the Indian economy contributed to GDP and has increased the foreign reserve in the country. This is one of the important outcomes of the globalisation process. In outsourcing, a company hires regular service from an external source. Mostly from other countries, which was previously provided internally or from within the country like legal advice, computeri$ervice, ad­vertisement, etc.

Answer 13.
1. Scatter diagram
2. Karl Person Coefficient of correlation
3. Spearman’s rank correlation.

Answer 14.

Answer 15.
Yes, China’s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. This is because reforms in agriculture and establish­ment of infrastructure in the areas of educa­tion and health, land reforms etc. had been taking place with introduced of reforms. In the initial phase, reformers were initiated in agriculture, foreign trade, and investment sec­tors. In the later phase, reforms were initi­ated in the industrial sector. Private sector firms and township and village enterprises were allowed to produce goods. The reform process also involves dual pricing. It was found that establishment of infrastructure in the area of education and health, land re­forms, long existence of decentralized plan­ing and existence of small enterprises had helped positively in improving the social and income indicators in the post-reform period.

Answer 16.
Non-sampling errors are more serious than sampling errors because a sampling error can be minimised by taking a large sample. Even census can contain non-sampling errors.
Type of Non-sampling errors

Answer 17.

Answer 18.

Answer 19.
Critical Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes: Through the policy towards
poverty alleviation has evolved in a progressive manner but gone any radical transformation. Scholars state three major areas of concern which prevent the successful implementation of the programs they are

1. Unequal distribution of land and other assets due to the benefits have been availed by the non-poor.
2. In comparison to the magnitude of poverty, the amount of resources allocated for these programmes is not sufficient.
3. These programs depend mainly on government and bank officials for their

Answer 20.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.
The major greenhouse gases
a. Global warming the major greenhou­se gases (GHGs) consist of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, wa­ter vapor and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These gases allow sunlight to penetrate to the earth’s surface, yet prevent infrared radiant heat from escaping.
b. When forest cover is lost, runoff rap­idly flows into streams, elevating river levels and subjecting downstream vil­lages, cities, and agricultural fields to flooding, especially during the rainy season. During the dry season, such areas downstream of deforestation can be prone to months-long droug­hts which interrupt river navigation.
c. Rapid human population growth has a variety of consequences] Popula­tion grows fastest in the world’s poor­est countries. High fertility rates have historically been strongly correlated with poverty and high childhood mor­tality rates.
d. Air pollution has been linked to health problems like asthma and lung disea­se, as well as the deterioration of the ozone layer (which protects us from harmful UV rays) and the warming of the earth which may destroy the habi­tats of many animals.

Answer 23.
Economy of India

• The high density of population
• Economic reforms in 1991
  Economy of China
• One child form
• Commune system
  Economy of Pakistan
• The very high fertility rate
• Economic reforms in 1988

Answer any two questions from question numbers 24 to 26. Each carries five scores.

Answer 24.
Since 1978, China began to introduce many reforms in phases the reforms were initiated in agriculture foreign trade and investment sector. In agriculture, lands were divided in two small plots which were allocated to individual households, they were allowed to keep all income from the land after paying taxes. At this stage, enterprises owned by government, in India we call them public sector enterprises were made to face competition. In reform price was fixed in two ways,i.e, farmers and industrial units were required to buy and a sell fixed quantities of inputs and outputs on the basis of prices fixed by the government and the rest were purchase and 9old at a market prices Over the years, as production increased, the population of goods or inputs transacted in the market also increased. The goal of Chinese economic re­forms was to generate sufficient surplus to finance the modernization of the mainland Chinese economy. In order to attract for­eign investors, Special Economic Zones were setup.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.
Once the questionnaire is ready, it is advisable to conduct a try Out with a small group which is known as the pilot survey. Advantages of the pilot survey:

Providing a preliminary idea about the survey.
Pre-testing of the questionnaire, so as to know the shortcomings and drawback of the questions.
Assessing the suitability of the questions, clarify the instructions, the performance of enumerators and the cost and time involved in the actual survey.

Answer 28.

Answer 29.

Plus One Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Economics Model Question Paper 2

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer Question number 1, which carries 5 scores.

Question 1.
Match the columns ‘B’ and ‘C’ with column ‘A’

Answer all questions from question numbers 2 to 6. Each Carry 1 score

Question 2.
As per 2009-2010, the State in India incur the highest per capita expenditure on edu­cation is
a. Kerala
b. Punjab
c. Himachal Pradesh
d. Madhya Pradesh

Question 3.
Meeting the needs of the present genera­tion without compromising the needs of the future generation is called
a. economic development
b. social development
c. sustainable development
d. economic growth

Question 4.
Data represented through a histogram can help in finding graphically the……………
a. mean
b. mode
c. median
d. standard deviation

Question 5.
When the coefficient of correlation, r =0, there is
a. positive correlation
b. no correlation
c. negative correlation
d. none of these

Question 6.
Athira plotted the values of two variables X and Y in a scatter diagram as follows. The nature of correlation here is ……………………

a. Perfect positive
b. Perfect negative
c. Positive
d. Negative

Answer all questions from question numbers 7 to 11. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 7.
Name some notable economists who esti­mated India’s per capita income during the colonial period

Question 8.
Compare and constract the terms relative and absolute poverty. Do you think absolute pov­erty exists in your neighbourhood?

Question 9.
In your view, is it essential for the government to regulate the fee structure in educa­tion and health care institutions? Give rea­son in support of your, answer.

Question 10.
Give the names of two government orga­nisations that regulate the health and education sectors in India.

Question 11.
What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Answer any 6 questions from question numbers 12 to 18. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 12.
Heights of 10 plants in a garden are given below.


a. Find of the mean height.
b. State the interesting property of A.M

Question 13.
Find the simple aggregative price index for the following selected commodities.


Question 14.
Given below are the seats won by different political parties of a state assembly election.

Draw a simple bar diagram to represent the polling results.

Question 15.
Explain the two categories into which infra­structure is divided. How are both indepen­dent?

Question 16.
“During the colonial rule, there was neither growth nor equity in the agricultural sector.”

1. Name the two measures adopted by the policymakers of independent India to resolve this.

2. State the features of any one.

Question 17.
What is sustainable development?

Question 18.
Distinguish between bar diagram and histo­gram.
(Hint: Not to draw diagrams)

Answer any 4 questions from question numbers 19 to 23. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 19.
The Following data shows daily

Question 20.
Identify the factors responsible for land deg­radation in India.

Question 21.
The following information relates to the daily in­come of 150 families. Calculate the arithmetic mean.

Question 22.
Scatter diagrams show the visual presenta­tion of correlation.
a. Draw scatter diagrams showing positive correlation and negative correlation.
b. Point out one example each for positive correlation and negative correlation.

Question 23.
Critically evaluate the poverty alleviation programmes in India.

Answer any 2 questions from question numbers 24 to 26. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 24.
Calculate the single aggregate price index for 2008 taking 1998 as the base year from the following data.

Question 25.
Critically evaluate the poverty alleviation programmes in India

Question 26.
While explaining the features of globa­lization, your Economics teacher says “outsourcing is one of the important out­comes of the globalization process”. Examine how outsourcing helps the Indian economy.

Answer any 2 questions from question numbers 27 to 29. Each carries 8 scores.

Question 27.
The following are the marks obtained for the class test of 10 students in a class for Eco­nomics and History.

Question 28.
Distinguish between census survey and sample survey.

Question 29.
The following data shows the marks obtained by 50 students of a class in a test.

Find the arithmetic mean, median, and mode
Answers

Answer 1.

Answer 2.
Himachal Pradesh

Answer 3.
Sustainable development

Answer 4.
Mode

Answer 5.
b. No correlation

Answer 6.
c. Positive

Answer 7.
Dadabhai Naoroji, William Digby, VKRVRao and RC Desai.

Answer 8.
Absolute poverty is defined as the inability to achieve the minimum requirement of life, health, and efficiency as a result of a very low level of income. On the other hand, relative pov­erty makes a comparison of relative levels of income of different people or groups of population to determine who poor. Yes, absolute poverty exists in my neighborhood.

Answer 9.
Yes, High fees are to be reduced or regulated due to the following reasons.

Answer 10.
Education sector

• NCERT, UGC

Health sector

• ICMR

Answer 11.
Following are the key issues in rural develop­ment.

Answer 12.


Answer 13.

\({ p }_{ 01 }=\cfrac { { \Sigma p }_{ 1 } }{ { \Sigma p }_{ o } } \times \cfrac { 180 }{ 130 } \times 100\)
= 1.3846 x 100 = 138.46

Answer 14.

Answer 15.
Infrastructure is broadly categorised as
1. Social Infrastructure:- It refers to the core elements of social change which serve as a foundation for the process of social development of a country.lt contributes to economic processes indirectly and from outside the system of production and distribution.

2. Economic Infrastructure:- It refers to all such elements of economic change which serve as a foundation for the process of economic growth.

Answer 16.

• Land reforms
• Green revolution
• Land reforms

At the time of independence, the land tenure system was charactrized by intermediaries. Who merely collected rent from the actual tillers of the soil without contributing towards improvements on the farm. The low produc­tivity of the agricultural sector forced India to import food from the United States of America. Equity in agriculture called for land reforms which primarily refer to change in the owner­ship of landholding.

Answer 17.
It refers to the development strategy to inter­ruption till the resource extraction was not above the rate of regeneration of the resource and the wastes generated were within the assimilating capacity of the environment But today, environment fails to perform its third and vital function of the sustenance resulting in an environmental crisis. The rising popula­tion of the developing countries and the af­fluent consumption and production standards of the developed world have placed huge stress on the environment in terms of its first two functions.

Answer 18.

Answer 19.



Answer 20.
Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is af­fected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land.

The factor responsible for land degradation in India are:

1. Loss of vegetation occurring due to deforestation.
2. Dumping of non-biodegradable fresh, such as plastics
3. Shifting cultivation
4. Encroachment into forest lands
5. Forest fires and overgrazing.
6. Non-adoption of adequte soil conser­vation measures.
7. Improper crop rotation.
8. Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals Such as fertilizers and pesticides.
9. Improper plannig and management of irrigation system.
10. Extraction of groundwater in excess of the recharge capacity.

Answer 21.
Arithmetic Mean

Answer 22.


Answer 23.
Through the policy towards poverty alleviation has evolved in a progressive maimer but over the last five and a half de­cades it has not undergone any radical trans­formation.
The three major area of concern which prevents the successful implementation of the programs, they are:

1. These programs depend mainly on government and bank officials for their implementation since such officials are ill-motivated, the resources are ineffi­ciently used and wasted.

2. Unequal distribution of land and other assets due to the benefits have been availed by the non-poor.

3. In comparison to the magnitude of poverty the amount of resource allocated for these programme is not sufficient

Answer 24.
Calculate simple agregate price index
\( { P }_{ 01 }=\cfrac { \Sigma { P }_{ 1 } }{ \Sigma { P }_{ 2 } } \times 100{ 142857 } \)
\( \cfrac { 750 }{ 630 } \times 100 \)

Answer 25.
Critical Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes: Through the policy towards poverty alleviation has evolved in a progres­sive manner but gone any radical transfor­mation. Scholars state three major areas of concern which prevent the success imple­mentation of the programs they are-

• Unequal distribution of land and other assets due to the benefits have been availed by the non-poor.
• In comparison to the magnitude of poverty, the amount of resources al­located for these programmes is not sufficient.
• These programs depend mainly on government and bank officials for their implementation since such officials are ill-motivated, inadequately trained, corruption-prone and vulnerable to pressure from a variety of local cit­ies, the resources are inefficiently used and wasted.

Answer 26.
Outsourcing is one of the important out­comes of the globalization process. In outsourcing, a company hires regular service from external sources, mostly from other countries, which was previously provided in­ternally or from within the country (like legal advice, computer service, advertisement, se­curity-each provided by respective depart­ments of the company).

Answer 27.
Standard Deviation is the positive square root of the mean of squared deviations from mean. So if there are five values X₁ , X₂, X₃, X₄ and X5, first their mean is calculated. Then deviations of the values from mean are cal­culated. These deviations are then squared. The mean of these squared deviations is the variance. The positive square root of the vari­ance is the standard deviation.

Answer 28.
A survey, which inculdes every elements of the population is known as Census or the Method of complete Enumeration. The essential feature of this method is that this covers every individual unit in the entire population
Sample survey:-  Population or the Universe in statistics means the totality of the items understudy. Thus, the population or the Universe is a group to which the results of the study are intended to apply. There are two methods of sampling namely, random sampling and non-random sampling. They are explained below.

Answer 29.

Plus One Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Economics Model Question Paper 1

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer Question number 1, which carries 5 scores.
Question 1.


Questions 2 to 6 : Answer all the questions. Each carries 1 Score.

Question 2.
Government taxation and public expenditure ‘ policies which are collectively known as
a. monetary policy
b. Fiscal policy
c. Trade policy
d. None of the above

Question 3.
A Survey which includes every element of the population is known as
a. Random sampling method
b. Non-random sampling method
c. Census method
d. None of the above

Question 4.
In India, inflation is calculated by using
a. Wholesale price index
b. Consumer Price Index
c. Producer price index
d. None of the above

Question 5.
The value of correlation coefficient lies between
a. Minus one and zero
b. Minus one and plus one
c. Minus one and plus two
d. None of the above

Question 6.
Britain intensified control over India’s for­eign trade with the opening of
a. Panama canal
b. Suez canal
c. Grand canal
d. Kiel canal

Questions 7-11: Answer all the questions. Each question carries two Score.

Question 7.
During the British period in India, social development indicators were not satisfactory. Substantiate the statement with the help of two indicators.

Question 8.
List out the importance of statistics in economics

Question 9.
There are two types of errors in sampling. One is sampling error and the other one is a non-sampling error. List out the differences.

Question 10.
Classify the following variables under quali­tative and quantitative. Income, Literacy, Height, Intelligence

Question 11.
In some states, farmers directly sell their products to consumers. Give two examples of such markets.

Questions 12-18: Attempt any six. Each carries 3 score.

Question 12.
Telephonic interview is one among the modes of data collection. Give three merits.

Question 13.
Calculate the mean deviation from the mean of the following data.

Question 14.
Whether the import substitution policy, which we followed till 1991, was effective to protect our domestic industries. Identify the policy instruments and substantiate.

Question 15.
Identify the similarities in respect of the developmental strategies adopted by India, China, Pakistan.

Question 16.
Sustainable development is indispensable for any nation. Point out 3 examples in your locality which act as obstacles for the sus­tainable development.

Question 17.
Calculate the Weighted Aggregative Price Index of the following data. (Here weight is given to base period quantities)

Question 18.
Orderly arrange the steps towards making a project. Conclusion, Choice of the target group, Organisation, and presentation of data, Analysis, and interpretation Identifying a problem or an area of study, Collection of data

Questions 19-23: Attempt any 4. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 19.
The government of India decided to deregu­late the industrial sector as a part of liberalisation policy in 1991. List out the mea­sures adopted for this purpose.

Question 20.
“Investment in education can stimulate the economic growth “.do you agree with these statements?

Question 21.
The mark of 50 students in the economics class test is given below.

9, 18, 75, 90, 63, 26, 39, 44, 6, 84, 63, 44, 56, 8,
67, 53, 83, 45, 18, 92, 95, 28, 65, 12, 24, 77, 7,
25, 25, 6, 55, 33, 75, 91, 61, 19, 58, 85, 44, 55,
86, 37, 51, 34, 33, 87, 60, 48, 78, 63
Prepare a frequency distribution table with tally mark by exclusive method taking class intervel of ten.

Question 22.
The rank of 10 students in English and Economics examinations are given below. Calculate the rank correlation coefficient.

Question 23.
Indebtedness is still common in rural areas due to the exploitation of money lenders. To avoid this problem and to ensure the credit facilities in rural areas, the government started many institutions. Briefly explain.

Questions 24-26: Attempt any two. Each carries 5 Scores.
Question 24.
Distribution of employment by region.

Question 25.
The following are the distribution of monthly income of 30 workers in a particular village. Draw a histogram and locate the mode.

Question 26.
The following are the distribution of monthly income of 30 workers in a particular village. Draw a histogram and locate the mode.

Questions 27-29: Attempt any two. Each carries 8 Score.

Question 27.
Poverty is a situation in which a person is unable to secure the basic minimum necessi­ties of life’you think that the eradication of poverty is a social necessity.why? evaluate the three-dimensional approach adopted by the Govt.of India to alleviate the poverty in our country.
(Hints:poverty-causes-policies and progra­mmes for poverty alleviation)

Question 28.
Sustainable development mainly focussed on eco-friendly development. The use of a conventional source of energy and sustainable development are moving in opposite direc­tions. How the use of a non- conventional source of energy can promote sustain­able development? Analyse.

Question 29.
Calculate the Mean, Median, Mode from the following data.

Answers

Answer 1.

Answer 2.
Monetary policy

Answer 3.
Census method

Answer 4.
Consumer price index

Answer 5.
Minus one and plus one

Answer 6.
Suez canal

Answer 7.
The nature of the economy underwent rapid changes under British rule. British eco­nomic policy had only two objectives.

• To use India as a source of raw material for British industries.
• To convert India into a market for goods manufactured in British.

These policies promoted British interest and destroyed Indias flourishing cottage indus­try. The livelihood of thousands of Indians was adversely affected.

Answer 8.
a. Statistics is an indispensable tool for economics. Because of its enables on the environment to present economic facts in a precise and definite form that nips in proper comprehension of what is stated.
b. Statistics helps in considering the mass of data into a few numerical measures such as (mean, variance etc..) These nominal resources help summarise data.
c. It helps in the establishment of the correlation between the two facts.

Answer 9.
Sampling Error: It refers to the difference be­tween the sample estimated and the actual value of characteristics of the population. It is the error that occurs when you make an observation from the population.
Non-Sampling Error: Non-sampling error that arises in the data collection process as a result of factors other than taking a sampling. Non- sampling errors have the potential to cause bias in polls, surveys or samples.

Answer 10.

Answer 11.
Maharashtra, Tamilnadu

Answer 12.
In a telephonic interview, the investigator asks questions over the telephone.
Merits:
Cheaper than a personal interview

1. Conducted in a shorter time
2. It is better in the cases where the respon­dents are reluctant to answer certain questions in a personal interview.

Answer 14.
India we implement a policy like licensing, MRTP Act, etc. with good intentions. But in practice, it created a licensing – permit raj. This restricted economic activity and prevented the economy from achieving high rates of growth.

Some of the deficiencies of the strategy from 1950-51 to 1990-91 can be summarised as follows:
a. Act like MRTP (Monopolies & restrictive trade practice Acts) prevented large resourceful companies from making the investment.
b. Acts like FERA ( Foreign Exchange Regulation Act) restricted foreign investment.
c. Protection of domestic industry through a high level of import duties (some rates rising as high as 330%) made domestic industry inefficient.

Answer 15.
India and Pakistan independent nations in 1947, while the People’s Republic of China was established in 1949. All the three countries had started planning their development strat­egies similar ways, while India announced its first five year plans for 1951-1956, Paki­stan announced its first five-year plan called, the medium-term plan, in 1956 China an­nounced its first five-year plan in 1953. Till 1998, Pakistan had eight five year plans whereas China’s tenth five year period is 2001- 06. The current planning in India is based on ’ tenth five-year plan in 2002-2007. India and Pakistan adopted similar strategies such as creating a large public sector and raising pub­lic expenditure on social development until the 1980s all three countries had similar growth rates and per capita incomes.

Answer 16.
The following are the examples

• Excessive waste generation and sub­sequent pollution of soil, air, water
• Global warming
• A limited supply of resources.

Answer 17.

Answer 18.
a. Identify a problem or an area of study.
b. Choice of the target group
c. Collection of data
d. Organisation and presentation of data
e. Analysis and interpretation
f. Conclusion

Answer 19.
The highlights of reforms in the industrial sector are the following:
a. Delicensing: Now, only a few industries like alcohol, cigarettes, hazardous chemicals, industrial explosives, drugs, and pharma­ceuticals need licensing. Others have been delicensed category.
b. Dereservation: The number of industries reserved for the public sector has been drastically reduced. Now, only defense equipment, atomic energy, and railways are reserved for the public sector.
c. Amendment of MRTP and FERA MRTP Act and FERA were amended to facilitate investment.
d.Dereservation of goods for the small-scale sector. The number of goods reserved for the small-scale sector was reduced.

Answer 20.
Education is an important source of human capital formation. Investment in education stimulates economic development in the following ways.

• Raise production knowledgeable and skilled workers can make better use of resources at their disposal. It will increase production in the economy. An educated and trained person can apply his knowledge and skill at the firm, factory, and office to increase production.
• Raises efficiency and productivity. Investment in education increases efficiency and productivity and hence yields higher income to the people.
• Brings positive, changes in outlook and attitude. Knowledgeable and skilled people have a modern outlook, and attitude, that they make a rational choice in respect of places and jobs.
• Improve the quality of life. Education improves quality of life as it provides a better job, high income and improves health. It results in a better standard of living.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

Answer 23.
Village money lenders have been the most important source of credit to farmers for a long time. At the time of independence and for many years following it, money lenders exploited small and marginal farmers by charging high rates of interest, presently india has a multidimensional rural credit structure. the important institution in these credit structure is;

• a NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development)
  Commercial Bank
• Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
• Co-operative Credit Institutions
• Land Development Bank
• Self Help Group (microcredit) NABARD was set up in 1982. NABARD is the apex bank that coordinates the lending activities of all in involved in rural credit.

Answer 24.

• In the rural area, most of the workers are lives as self-employed workers.income
• Poverty may be defined as the inability to secure minimum human needs are not fulfilled, a man undergoes pain and suffering. There is a loss of health and efficiency.
• As compared with urban workers casual wage labours are more than in rural area.
• In the urban area, most of them are regular salaried employees
• The reason behind the decrease in regular salaried employees in a rural area was the increased number of illiterates.
• As compared with the rural area the number of self-employed workers is less than in urban area.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.
Poverty may be defined as the inability to secure minimum human needs are not fulfilled, the man undergoes pain and suffering. There is a loss of health and efficiency.
The main causes of poverty lie in the institu­tional and social factors that mark the life of the poor. The poor people are deprived of quality education and unable to acquire skill which fetch them a better income

Policies or programs:

• Rural employement generation programme.
• Prime minister’s RozgarYojana
• Swarna Jayanthi Shahan RozgarYojana
• National Food for Work Programme (NFWP)
• Swarna Jayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
• Mid Day Meal Scheme
• National SociaL Assistance Programme (NSAP)
• Pradhan mantri gramodaya yojana (PMGY)
• Pradhan Mantri Grama Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
• Sampooma gramin rozgar Yojana (SGRY)

Answer 28.
Sustainable development can be defined as a development strategy that meets the need of the present generation without com­promising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. in a specific term, sustainable development aims at decreas­ing the absolute poverty of the poor by providing lasting and securing livelihoods that minimise resource depletion, environ­ment degradation, cultural disruption, and social instability.

Strategies for sustainable development:
1. Use of a nonconventional source of energy: India heavily depends on the hydropower plants to meet its power needs. Both of these have adverse environmental impacts. Thermal power plants emit large quantities of carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas. It is not used properly.

2. Bio-composting: In order to increase production, we have started using chemical fertilisers which are adversely affecting the waterbodies, groundwater system etc. but again in farmers in large numbers have started using organic fertilisers for production.

3. Mini-hydel plants: Mountainous region has streams everywhere, most of such streams are perennial. Mini -hydel plants use the energy of such steams to move small turbines which generate electric­ity. Sue power plants are more or less environment-friendly.

Answer 29.

Plus One Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Model Question Paper 2

Answer all question from 1 to 5

Question 1.
Abacus was discovered by the ………..

Question 2.
The name given to a storage location is known as ……………

Question 3.
………………….. statement takes the program out of the loop even though the test expression is true.

Question 4.
Name the header file required for a us­ing console I/O function.

Question 5.
Write the full form of FTTH.

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16

Question 6.
On what factors, the action of the Turing machine depends?

Question 7.
Express the integer number -39 in sign and magnitude representation.

Question 8.
What is a control unit?

Question 9.
“It is better to give proper documenta­tion within the program”. Give a rea­son.

Question 10.
Mention the purpose of tokens in C++. Write names of any four tokens in C++.

Question 11.
What is a variable? List the two values associated with it.

Question 12.
Declare an array of size 5 and initialize it with the number 8, 7, 2, 4 and 6.

Question 13.
Consider the following C++ statements:

char word [20];
cin>>word;
cout<<word;
gets (word) ;
puts (word) ;
If the string entered is “HAPPY NEW YEAR”, predict the output and justify your answer.

Question 14.
What will be the output of the state­ment?

Question 15.
a. Define Intranet.

b. Write the structure of an email ad­dress.

Question 16.
How does a Trojan horse affect a com­puter?

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27.

Question 17.
Fill in the blanks:

a. (o.625)₁₀ = (……………. )₂
b. (38o)₁₀ = (………. )₁₆
c. (437)₈ = (………………………… )₂

Question 18.
What are the methods of representing characters in computer memory?

Question 19.
Differentiate between freeware and shareware.

Question 20.
Write a C++ program to accept an in­teger number and print its reverse. (Hint: If 234 is given, the output must be 432).

Question 21.
What are the limitations of a flow-chart?

Question 22.
Raju wants to add value 1 to the vari­able ‘p’ and store the new value in ‘p’ itself. Write four different statements in C++ to do the task.

Question 23.
Compare and discuss the suitability of three loops in different situations.

Question 24.
Define an array. Also, write an algo­rithm for searching an element in the array using any one method that you are familiar with.

Question 25.
Write a program to find the sum and average of elements in a 2D array.

Question 26.
Write a program for swapping the val­ues of two variables.

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30

Question 27.
Write a program to combine two strings if they are different and find its length.

Question 28.
Briefly explain various types of memory

Question 29.
Explain the different jump statements available in C++.

Question 30.
How are computer network classified based on size?

Answer

Answer 1.
Mesopotamians

Answer 2.
variable

Answer 3.
break

Answer 4.
Stdio.h

Answer 5.
Fibre To The Home

Answer 6.
The action of a Turing machine is de­termined by:

• the current state of the machine.
• the symbol in the cell currently be­ing scanned by the head.
• a table of transition rules, which serve as the ‘program’ for the machine.

Answer 7.
The number is negative, so a first bit (MSB) is 1
7-bit binary equivalent of 39
= (100111)₂
So -39 can be written as (1100111)₂

Answer 8.
Control unit (CU) is responsible for ac­tivating and controlling the operations of the units of the computer. Each of the functional units has its own func­tion, but none of these will perform the function until it is asked to, this task is assigned to the control unit.

Answer 9.
Documentation is an on-going process. that starts in the problem study phase of the system and continues till its implementation and operation. We can write comments in the source code as part of the documentation. It provides suffi­cient information in a program to un­derstand its working. If the program is documented, it helps to understand the logic we applied. It helps the debugging process as well as a program modification at a later stage.

Answer 10.
Tokens or lexical units are the funda­mental building blocks of the program. C++ has five types of tokens. They are keywords, identifiers, literals, punc­tuators, and operators.

Answer 11.
Variables are the names given to memory locations. There are two values associated with a variable. They are R-value and L-value. The R-value represents the data and L­value represents the memory address of the variable.

Answer 12.

int A[5];
A[5] = {8, 7, 2, 4, 6};
OR
int A[5] = {8, 7, 2, 4, 6};

Answer 13.
The output will be,
HAPPY
HAPPY NEW YEAR
Because cin statement reads till a whi­te space. But the function gets( ) is a con­sole input function used to accept a string of characters including white spaces from the standard input device (keyboard).

Answer 14.
It displays ‘a’ on the screen. If an inte­ger value is given as the argument, it will be considered as an ASCII value and the corresponding character will be dis­played.

Answer 15.
a. A private network inside a company or organisation is called intranet.
b. The structure of an e-mail address is, user-name@domainname
eg., [email protected] Here username is vinu domain name is gmail.com

Answer 16.
It appears as a useful software but it is a harmful software and it will delete useful software or files. They allow malicious user access to confidential and personal information in the computer through the network without the knowledge of the user.

Answer 17.

Answer 18.
Characters are representing as binary codes in computer memory. Various codes are ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), EB­CDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code), ISCII (Indian Stan­dard Code for Information Interchange/ Indian Script Code for Information In­terchange) and Unicode.

Answer 19.
Freeware refers to copyrighted com­puter software which is made available for use free of charge for an unlimited period. In these, all the features are free. Shareware refers to commercial soft­ware that is distributed on a trial basis. It is distributed without payment and with limited functionality. All the fea­tures are not free.

Answer 20.

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; int main( )
{
int num, c, digit, rev=o; 
cout<<“Enter the number: ";
cin> >num; 
c = num; 
while(num != o)
{
digit = num % 10; 
rev = (rev * 10)+ digit;
num = num/10;
}
cout<<“The reverse of the number is” 
< <rev; 
return o;
}

Answer 21.
1. Flowcharts are very time consum­ing and laborious to draw with proper symbols and spacing.
2. Owing to the symbol-string nature of flowcharting, any change or modifi­cation in the logic of the algorithm usu­ally requires a completely new flow­chart.
3. There are no standards determining the amount of detail that should be in­cluded in a flowchart.

Answer 22.
p = p + 1;
p+ + ;
++p;
p+=i;

Answer 23.
for loop:

1. Entry controlled loop.
2. Initialization along with loop defini­tion.
3. No guarantee to execute the loop body at least once.

while loop:

1. Entry controlled loop.
2. Initialization before loop definition.
3. No guarantee to execute the loop body at least once.

do….while loop:

1. Exit controlled loop.
2. Initialization before loop definition.
3. Will execute the loop body at least once even though the condition is False.

Answer 24.
An array is a collection of elements of the same type placed in contiguous memory locations.
Algorithm for Linear search
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Accept a value in N as the num­ber of elements of the array
Step 3: Accept N elements into the ar­ray AR
Step 4: Accept the value to be searched in the variable ITEM
Step 5: Set LOC = -1
Step 6: Starting from the first position, repeat Step 7 until the last element
Step 7: Check whether the value in ITEM is found in the current position. If found then store the position in LOC and Go to Step 8, else move to the next posi­tion.
Step 8: If the value of LOC is less than o then display “Not Found”, else display the value of LOC + 1 as the position of the search value.
Step 9: Stop

Answer 25.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib> using namespace std; int main()
{
int m, n, i, j, s = o, A[io][io]; float avg;
cout<<“Enter the order of matrix:”;
cin>>m>>n;
cout<<“Enter the elements of matrix\n”;
for (i=o; i<m; i++)
{
for (j=o; j<n; j++) cin > > A[i] [j ];
}
for (i=o; i<m; i++)
{
for (j=o; j<n; j++) s = s + A[i][j];
}
avg = s/(m*n);
cout<<“Sum of the elements of matrix:”<<s;
cout<<“Average of the elements of matrix:”< <avg;
}

Answer 26.

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std; "
void swapfint & x, int & y)
{
int t = x;
x = y;
Y = t;
}
int main()
{
int m, n; m = 10; n = 20;
cout<<“Before swapping m= ”<< m <<“ and n= ”<<n; swap(m, n);
cout<<“\nAfter swapping m= ”<< m <<“ and n= ”<<n; return o;
}

Answer 27.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring> 
using namespace std; 
int main( )
{
char s1[2o], s2[2o], s3[2o]; 
cout<<“Enter two strings: ”;
cin>>si>>s2; 
int n=strcmp(s1, S2);
if (n= = o)
cout<<“\nThe input strings are same”; 
else	
{	
cout<<“\nThe input strings are not
same”;
strcpy(s3, s1); 
strcat(s3, S2);
cout<<“\nString after concatenation is: ”<<S3;
cout<<“\nLength of the new string is” j 
<<strlen(s3);	
}
return o;
}

Answer 29.
Memory is a place where we can store data, instructions, and results in temporarily or permanently. Memory can be  classified into two:
1. Primary memory: Also refers to the main memory. It holds data, intermediate results and results of ongoing jobs; temporarily. This includes mainly; three types of memory.

i.RAM (Random Access Memory): The microprocessor can read from and write to. The contents of RAM are lost when power is switched off. Therefore, RAM is a volatile memory.

ii. ROM (Read Only Memory): It can perform only read operations and its contents cannot be easily altered. ROM is non-volatile; the contents are retained even after the power is switched off. It is used to hold boot up program is known as Basic Input Output System (BIOS). This software runs when the computer is switched on or ‘boots up’. Different types of ROM are PROM (Programmable ROM), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)

iii. Cache memory: It is a small and fast memory between the processor and RAM. Frequently accessed data, instructions, intermediate results, etc. are stored in cache memory for quick access. Cache is more expensive than RAM.

iv. Secondary memory: Also known as auxiliary memory. It holds data and information permanently. Various devices in this type are a magnetic storage device (magnetic tape, hard disk), an optical storage device (Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disk (DVD), Bluray DVD), semiconductor memory (USB flash drive, flash memory cards).2 9. The statements that facilitate the transfer of program control from one place to another are called jump statements.
They are:

• return statement: It is used to transfer control back to the calling program or to come out of a function.
• goto statement: It can transfer the program control to anywhere in the function. The target destination of a goto statement is marked by a label, which is an identifier.
• break statement: When a break statement is encountered in a program, it takes the program control outside the immediately enclosing loop (for, while, do…while) or switch statement. Execution continues from the statement immediately after the control structure.
• continue statement: It is used for skipping over a part of the code within the loop-body and forcing the next iteration. The break statement forces termination of the loop, but continue statement forces next iteration of the loop.
• exit() function: It terminates the pro­gram itself. And can be used in a pro­- gram only if we include the header file process.h.

Answer 30.
1. Personal Area Network (PAN): It is used to connect devices situated in a small radius by using guided media or unguided media.

2. Local Area Network (LAN); This is used to connect computers in a single room or buildings of one location by using twisted pair wire or coaxial ca­ble. Data transfer rate is high and the er­ror rate is less.

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): It is a network spread over a city. MAN have lesser speed than LAN and the er­ror rate is less. Here optical fiber cable is used, eg., Cable TV network.

4. Wide Area Network (WAN): This is used to connect computers over a large geographical area. It is a network of net­works. Here the computers are con­nected using telephone lines or Micro­wave station or satellites. The error rate in rate in data transmission is high, eg., internet.

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Plus One Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Model Question Paper 1

Answer all question from 1 to 5

Question 1.
Which data type of C++ does not require any memory space?

Question 2.
Who is regarded as the father of mod­ern Computer Science as well as artifi­cial intelligence?

Question 3.
In C++, ………. loop will execute at least once even though the condition is false.

Question 4.
In C++, ………. function is used to input a character or string using cin.

Question 5.
Expand URL.

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16

Question 6.
What are the advantages of the second gen­eration of computers over first genera­tion computers?

Question 7.
Find the dual of following boolean equation:

1. \(X+\bar { X } =1 \)
2. \((X+0).(X.1.\bar { X } )=0\)

Question 8.
Which are the various e-waste disposal methods?

Question 9.
Draw the flowchart to find the simple interest. [Hint : I = P * N * R]

Question 10.
Explain any two escape sequences used in C++.

Question 11.
List and correct the errors in the fol­lowing C++ statement

Question 12.
What are the different ways to write comments in C++?

Question 13.
Write a brief explanation for the below mentioned C++ statement :
int a[ ]={2,3,5,6,9};

Question 14.
Explain the memory allocation for the string.

Question 15.
Which are the various e-waste disposal methods?

Question 16.
What are the hardware and software requirements for connecting a com­puter to the internet?

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27

Question 17.
Fill in the blanks.

(49)₁₀ = (……………… )₂ = (………………. )₈ =

Question 18.
a. Write an algorithm to print the even numbers between 1 and 1oo.

b. Write anyone advantages of using the flowchart.

Question 19.
Explain different components of CPU.

Question 20.
Which are the different universal ga­tes? Why they are called so? Draw the logical symbols of these gates.

Question 21.
Describe the different phases in pro­gramming.

Question 22.
What will be the output of the follow­ing C++ program?

#include<iostream> 
using namespace std; int main()
{
int a, b, c;
a = 5; 
b = 8; 
c = a;
cout<<“\n Value of a is” <<++a;
cout<<“\n Value of b is” <<b++;
cout<<“\n Value of c is” <<- -c;
return 0;
}

Question 23.
Differentiate if……… else if and switch statements in C+ +.

Question 24.
Explain any three array operations.

Question 25.
Write C++ statements to declare a two-dimensional array of integers having 3 rows and 2 columns and input values to it

Question 26.
Explain about any three string func­tions in the header file cstring.

Question 27.
Differentiate call-by-value and call-by-reference methods in function calls.

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30

Question 28.
a. What is network topology?

b. Which are the different types of net­work topologies?

Question 29.
Explain about any five input or output devices used in a computer.

Question 30.
Write a C++ program to input an inte­ger and check whether it is Amstrong number or not.
[Hint: Amstrong number is the one in which sum of cubes of digits in that number is the number itself.]

Answer

Answer 1.
void data type

Answer 2.
Alan Turing

Answer 3.
do……. while

Answer 4.
4- get()

Answer 5.
Uniform Resource Locator

Answer 6.
The first generation computers were built using vacuum tubes. This genera­tion implemented the stored program concept.
In second generation computers, vacu­um tubes were replaced by transistors. This allowed computers to become smaller and more powerful and faster. They also became less expensive, re­quired less electricity and emitted less heat.

Answer 7.

1. \(X+\bar { X } =1 \)
2. \((X+0).(X.1.\bar { X } )=0\)

Answer 8.
1. Reuse: It refers to second-hand use or usage after the equipment has been upgraded or modified
2. Incineration: It is a controlled and 10. C++ represents Octal Number and complete combustion process in which the waste is burned in specially designed incinerators at a high temperature in the range of 900 to 1000 degree Celsius.
3. Recycling: It is the process of making or manufacturing new products from a product that has originally served its purpose.
4. Landfilling: In this method, the soil is excavated from the trenches made and waste material is buried in it, which is covered by a thick layer of soil.

Answer 9.

Answer 10.
C++ represents Octal Number and Hexadecimal Number with the help of escape sequences. The \on and \xHn represent a number in the octal number system and the hexadecimal number system respectively

Answer 11.
The letter ‘C’ in cout should be in the small letter. Every C++ statement end with a semicolon!;). After cout the << operator should be used. The correct statement is,
cout<<“Computer Science”;

Answer 12.
Comments are lines in the code that are added to describe the program. They are ignored by the compiler.

1. Single line comment: The characters // (two slashes) is used. The text ap­pearing after // in a line is treated as a comment by the C++ compiler.
2. Multiline comments: Anything writ­ten within /* and */ is treated as comm­ent so that the comment can take any number of lines.

Answer 13.
It is an integer array with name ‘a’. It is initialised at the time declaration | with values 2, 3, 5, 6, 9.

Answer 14.
The memory required depends upon the number of characters stored. A null character ‘\o’ is stored at the end of the string. This character is used as the string terminator and added at the end automatically. So the memory re­quired to store a string will be equal to the number of characters in the string plus one byte for the null character.
eg., char str[ ] = “Hello”;
Here the size of the array is not speci­fied and hence only 6 bytes will be allo­cated
(5 bytes for the string and 1 for ‘\o’).

Answer 15.
Scope of local variables:

1. Declared within a function or a block of statements.
2. Available only within that function or block.
3. Memory is allocated when the func­tion or block is active and freed when the execution of the function or block is completed.

The scope of global variables:

1. Declared outside all the functions.
2. Available to all the functions of the program.
3. Memory is allocated just before the execution of the program and freed when the program stops the execution.

Answer 16.
The hardware and software require­ment for internet:

1. A computer with a modem (inter­nal/external).
2. A telephone connection.
3. An account with an ISP.
4. A browser software.

Answer 17.

Answer 18.
Let i be the variable.
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Let i = 2
Step 3: Print i
Step 4: i = i + 2
Step 5: If i>=1oo, then go to Step 3
Step 6: Stop
b. Better communication: Since a flow­chart is a pictorial representation of a program, it is easier for a programmer to explain the logic of the program to some other programmer through a flow­chart rather than the program itself.

Answer 19.
The CPU consists of three components; Control unit (CU), Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and registers. All the major calculations and comparisons are made inside ALU. CU is responsible for acti­vating and controlling the operations of the units of the computer. Registers are storage locations inside CPU, whose content can be accessed more quickly by the CPU than other memory. They are temporary storage areas for in­structions or data.

Answer 20.
The NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates. A universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function with­out using any other gate type.
NAND gate: This is an AND gate with its output inverted by a NOT gate.

NOR gate: This is an OR gate with its output inverted by a NOT gate.

Answer 21.
1. Problem identification: During this phase, you will be able to identify the data involved in processing, its type and quality, the formula to be used, activities involved and the output to be obtained. This is the challenging phase as it ex­ploits the efficiency of the programmer.

2. Preparing algorithms and flowcha­rts: Once the problem is identified, it is necessary to develop a precise step-by­step procedure to solve the problem. This procedure is not new or confined to computers.

3. Coding the program: The process of writing program instructions to solve a problem is called coding. The program written in any HLL is known as source code.

4. Translation: It is the process of con­verting a program written in a high-level language into its equivalent version in machine language. The compiler or in­terpreter is used for this purpose.

5. Debugging: It is the stage where the project known as ‘bugs’ and the process of de­tecting and correcting these errors is called debugging.

Answer 22.
a = 5
b = 9
c = 4

Answer 23.
Switch:

1. Permits multiple branching.
2. Evaluates conditions with equality operator only.
3. Case constant must be an integer or I a character type value.
4. When no match is found, the default statement is executed.
5. the break statement is required to exit from the switch statement.
6. More efficient when the same vari­able or expression is compared against a set of values for equality.

else if ladder:

1. Permits multiple branching.
2. Evaluates any relational or logical expression.
3. The condition may include a range of values and floating point constants.
4. When no expression evaluates to  True, else block is executed.
5. Program control automatically goes out after the completion of a block.
6. More flexible and versatile compared to switch.

Answer 24.
1. Traversal:  Accessing each element of the array at least once is called tra­versal. We can use this operation to check the correctness of operations dur­ing operations like insertion, deletion etc. Displaying all the elements of an array is an example of traversal,

eg., for (i=o; i,<1o; i++) 
cout<< a[i]<< “\t”;

2. Sorting: It is the process of arrang­ing the elements of the array in some logical order. This logical order may be ascending or descending in case of nu­meric values or dictionary order in case of strings.

3. Searching: It is the process of finding the location of the given element in the array. The search is said to be success­. full if the given element is found, that is the element exists in the array; other­wise unsuccessful. There are basically two approaches to a search operation. They are linear search and binary search.

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int mat[3][2], i, j; 
cout<<“Enter the elements\n”; 
for(i=o; i<3; i++) 
for(j=o; j<2; j++) 
cin>>mat[i][j]; return o;
}

Answer 26.
1. strlen (): This function is used to find the length of a string, i.e., the number of characters in the string. Its syntax is:
int strlen (string);
eg., n = strlen (“Hello”);
Here returns the number of characters in the string, i.e. 5 to the variable n.

2. strcpy( ): This function is used to copy one string into another. The syntax is: strcpy
(string 1, string 2);
The function will copy string 2 to string 1.
eg., strcpy(s1,s2);

3. strcat( ): This function is used to ap­pend one string to another string. The length of the resultant string is the to­tal length of the two strings. The syn­tax is strcat (string 1, string 2);
The size of the first argument should be able to accommodate both the strings together.
eg., strcat(s1,s2);

Answer 27.
Call by value method:

1. Ordinary variables are used as for­mal parameters.
2. Actual parameters may be con­stants, variables or expressions.
3. The changes made in the formal ar­guments are not reflected in actual ar­guments.
4. Exclusive memory allocation is re­quired for the formal arguments.

Call by reference method:

1. Reference variables are used as for­mal parameters.
2. Actual parameters will be variables only.
3. The changes made in the formal ar­guments are reflected in actual argu­ments.
4. The memory of actual arguments is shared by formal arguments.

Answer 28.
1. a. The physical or logical arrangement of computers on a network is called struc­ture or topology. It is the geometrical arrangement of computers in a net­work.
b. Star, ring, mesh, bus, tree, and hy­brid are the different network topolo­gies.
c. Star topology: It has a server all other computers are connected to it. Advan­tages add or remove workstations to a star network is easy and the failure of a workstation will not effect the other. The disadvantages are that if the server fails the entire network will fail.

2. Bus topology: All the computers are attached to a single cable called the bus. Here one computer transmits all other computers listen. Therefore it is called the broadcast bus. The transmission from any station will travel in both the di­rection. The connected computers can hear the message and check whether it is for them or not. Advantages are added or remove computer is very easy. It requires less cable length and the in­stallation cost is less. The disadvantage is fault detection is very difficult because of no central computer.

Answer 29.
Input devices are:
1. A light pen is a pointing device shaped like a pen. The tip of the light pen con­tains a light-sensitive element which when placed against the screen en­abling the computer to identify the lo­cation of the pen on the screen. The ad­vantage is drawing directly on to the screen.

2. The touch screen allows the user to oper­ate by simply touching on the display screen. It can also be operated using a stylus which gives more precision,

3. The joystick is used for playing video games, controlling training simulators and robots. The joystick has a vertical stick which can move in any direction. It has a button on the top that is used to select the option pointed by the cursor.

4. Keyboard: It is the most common in­put device. It allows the user to input alphabets, numbers and other charac­ters, Keyboard detects the key pressed and generates the corresponding ASCII code which can be recognised by the computer. It has a keyboard layout called the QWERTY design.

5. Mouse: It is a small hand-held device used to indicate the position of a cursor or its movement on a computer display screen by rolling it over a mouse pad/ flat surface. A mouse has one or more buttons and possibly a scroll wheel. The scroll wheel is used for scrolling the screen vertically or horizontally.

Output devices are:

1. Visual Display Unit (VDU): It visu­ally conveys text, graphics, and video information. The information shown on a display device is called soft copy because and is displayed for a temporary period of time.

2. Printers: These are used to produce hardcopy output. Based on the technol­ogy used, they can be classified as im­pact printers and non-impact printers.

3. Plotter: It is an output device used to produce hard copies of graphs and designs on the paper.

4. 3D printer: It is a new generation output device used to print 3D objects. The 3D printing process turns the ob­ject to be printed into thousands of horizontal tiny little layer. These tiny layers stick together to form a solid object.

5. Speaker: It produces sound. The speaker produces sound by the move­ment of the diaphragm in the speaker forward and backward according to the electrical signals coming out of the au­dio port.

Answer 30.

include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, i = 1, r, cb = o; cout<<“Enter a number: cin>>n; i =n; while (n)
{
r = n%io;
cb = cb + r * r * r;
n = n/10;
}
if (cb==i)
cout<<“The given number is an Arm­strong number 
}
return o; 
}

Plus One Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Previous Year Question Paper 2017

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• Read the instructions carefully.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from l to 5

Question 1.
The number (158)₁₀ can be represented in Hexadecimal number system as……..

Question 2.
a. Write the following memory devices in the order of their speed, (fastest to g slowest order)
1. Cache
2. RAM
3. Hard disk
4. Registers
b. What do you mean by freeware and shareware?

Question 3.
Pick the odd one out and give a reason for your finding.

Question 4.
(a) Name the type of loop which can be used to ensure that the body of the loop will surely be executed at least once.

(b) Consider the code given below and predict the output.

for (int i = 1; i < = 9; i = i + 2)
{
if (i = = 5) continue; 
cout >> i << " ";
}

Question 5.
Find the value of score [4] based on the following declaration statement.

score [5] = {98, 87, 92, 79, 85};

Question 6.
Name the built-in function to check whe­ther a character is alphanumeric or not.

Question 7.
a. Different networks with different proto­cols are connected by a device called
1. Router
2. Bridge
3. Switch
4. Gateway
b. Define Protocol.

Question 8.
Find the best matches from the given definitions for the terms in the given list. (Worm, Hacking, Phishing, Spam)
a. Unsolicited e-mails sent indiscrimi­nately.
b. A technical effort to manipulate the normal behavior of the networked computer system.
c. A stand-alone malware program usually makes the data traffic slow.
d. Attempt to acquire information like usernames and passwords by posing as the original website.
e. Appear to be useful software but will do damage like deleting necessary funds.

Question 9.
Represent -3 8 in 2’s complement form.

Question 10.
Write an algorithm to print the numbers up to 100 in reverse order. That is the output should be as 100, 99, 98, 97,….,
OR
Draw a flowchart to check whether the given number is positive, negative or zero.

Question 11.
Identify the invalid literals from the following and write a reason for each.
a. 2E3.5
b. “9”
c. ‘hello’
d. 55450

Question 12.
The following C++code segment is a part of a program written by Smitha to find the average of 3 numbers.

int a, b, c;                                                        
float avg;                                                         
cin>>a>>b>>c; 
avg = (a+b+c)/3;   
cout<<avg;

What will be the output if she inputs 1,4 and 5? How can you correct it?

Question 13.
Let M[3][3] be a 2D array that contains the elements of a square matrix. Write C++  statements to find the sum of the diagonal elements.

Question 14.
What are the advantages of using gets() function in C++ program to input string data? Explain with an example.

Question 15.
Read the function definition given below, Predict the output, if the function is called as convert

void convert (int n)
{ 
if (n>l) convert (n/2); cout<<n%2;
}

Question 16.
Compare any three features of five gene­rations of computers

Question 17.
Draw the logic circuit of Boolean expre­ssion:
\((A+\bar { BC)+ } \bar { AB\quad } \)
OR
Using algebraic method, prove that
\(\bar { Y } .\bar { Z } +\bar { Y } .Z+Y.Z+Y=1\)

Question 18.
“It is better to give proper documentation within the program”. Give a reason.

Question 19.
Briefly explain the three components in the structure of a C++ program.

Question 20.
Write an algorithm for arranging elements of an array in ascending order using bubble sort.

Question 21.
Explain the difference between call-by-value method and call-by-reference method with the help of examples.

Question 22.
Compare any three types of networks based on span of geographical area.

Question 23.
Susheel’s e-mail ID is [email protected]. He sends an e-mail to Rani whose e-mail ID is [email protected]. How is the mail sent from Susheel’s computer to Rani’s computer?

Question 24.
With the help of a block diagram, explain the functional units of a computer.

Question 25.
Write a program to check whether the given number is palindrome or not. (5)
OR
Write a program to print the leap years between 2000 and 3000.
(A century year is a leap year only if it is divided by 400 and a non-century year is a leap year only if it is divided by 4.)

Answer

Answer 1.
9E

Answer 2.
a. Registers, Cache, RAM, Hard disk
b. Freeware refers to copyrighted com­puter software which is made avail­able for use free of charge for a un­limited period.
Shareware refers to commercial software that is distributed on a trial basis. It is distributed without payment and with limited functionality.

Answer 3.
(c) ; Others has only one entry flow and one exit flow.
(b) ; Used for both input and output operations.

Answer 4.
a. do while loop
b. l 3 7 9

Answer 5.
85

Answer 6.
isalpha( )

Answer 7.
a. (iv). Gateway
b. Protocols are rules and conventions for transmitting data.

Answer 8.
a. Spam
b. Hacking
c.Worm
d. phishing

Answer 9.

Answer 10.
Let i be the variable.
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Let i = 100
Step 3: Print i
Step 4: i = i – 1
Step 5: If i>=1, then goto Step 3
Stop 6: Stop
OR

Answer 11.
Invalid literally are:
(a).2E3.5; the fractional number cannot be used as an exponent.
(c). ‘hello’; String literals are enclosed within a pair of double quotes.

Answer 12.
The output will be 3.
(a+b + c)/3.o
or float (a+b+c)/3
or int a, b, c are replaced by float a, b, c or use of typecasting

Answer 13.

#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;
int main( )
{ 
int m[3][3], n, i, j, s=o;
cout<<“Enter the rows/columns of square matrix:
cin> >n;
cout<<“Enter the elements\n”; 
for(i=o; i<n; i++)
for(j=o; j<n; j++)
cin>>m[i][j];
cout<<“Diagonal elements are\n”; for(i=o; i<n; i++)
{
cout<<m[i][i]<<“\t”; s = s + m[i][i];
}
cout<<“\nSum of Diagonal elements is:
cout<<s; return o;
}

Answer 14.
By using gets( ) function we can input string with white space.
cin statement reads till a white space. But the function gets() is used to accept a string of characters including white spaces from the standard input device (keyboard) and store it in a character array.
eg., char str[3o];
gets(str);
puts(str);

Answer 15.
The output will be 111.
This is a recursive function. The pro­cess of calling a function by itself is known as recursion and the function is known as a recursive function.

Answer 16.
First-generation computers (1940-56):
The first generation computers were built using vacuum tubes. This genera­tion implemented the stored program concept, eg., Electronic Numerical Integra­tor and Calculator (ENIAC), Electronic Dis­crete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC), Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC).

Second-generation computers (1956-63):
In this generation computers, vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors. This allowed computers to become smaller and more powerful and faster. The manufac­turing cost was also less. The concept of programming language was developed. Programming languages FORTRAN and COBOL were introduced, eg., IBM 1401, IBM 1620.

Third generation computers (1964­71):
These are smaller in size due to the use of integrated circuits (IC’s). IC dras­tically reduced the size and increased the speed and efficiency of computing. Keyboards and monitors were intro­duced. The high-level language BASIC was developed during this period, eg., IBM 360, IBM 370.

Fourth-generation computers (1971 onwards):
The computers that we use today belong to this generation. These computers use microprocessors and are called microcomputers use Large Scale of Integration (LSI). These computers are smaller in size and have faster ac­cessing and processing speeds, eg., IBM PC, Apple II.

Fifth-generation computers (future):
These are based on artificial intelli­gence. The fifth-generation computing also aims at developing computing machines that respond to natural lan­guage input and are capable of learn­ing and self-organization.

Answer 17.

Answer 18.
Documentation is an on-going process that starts in the problem study phase of the system and continues till its implementation and operation. We can write comments in the source code as part of the documentation. It provides suffi­cient information in a program to un­derstand its working. If the program is documented, it helps to understand the logic we applied. It helps the debugging process as well as program modification at a later stage.

Answer 19.
1. Preprocessor directives:
A C++ pro­gram starts with preprocessor direc­tives. Preprocessors are the compiler directive statements which give instruction to the compiler to process the information provided before ac­tual compilation starts. The #include is used to link the header files available in the C++ library. There are some other pre-processor direc­tives such as #define, #undef, etc.

2. Header files:
It contains the informa­tion about functions, objects, and pre­defined derived data types and they are available along with compiler. The header file stream contains the information about the objects cin and court.

3. The main( ) function:
The execution starts at main ( ) and ends within main ( ). If we use any other function in the program, it is called (or in­voked) from the main Q. The function header main ( ) is followed by its body, which is a set of one or more statements within a pair of braces { }. This structure is known as the definition of the main f) function. Each statement is delimited by a semicolon (;).

Answer 20.
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Accept a value in N as the num­ber of elements of the array.
Step 3: Accept N elements into the array AR.
Step 4: Repeat Steps 5 to 7, (N -1) times.
Step 5: Repeat Step 6 until the second last element of the list.
Step 6: Starting from the first position, compare two adjacent eleme­nts in the list. If they are not in proper order, swap the elements.
Step 7: Revise the list by excluding the last element in the current list.
Step 8: Print the sorted array AR.
Step 9: Stop

Answer 21.
Call by value method:
1. Ordinary variables are used as formal parameters.
2. Actual parameters may be constants, variables or expressions.
3. The changes made in the formal ar­guments are not reflected in actual arguments.
4. Exclusive memory allocation is required for formal arguments.

eg., void change find n)   
{  
n = n + 1;
cout << “n =” << n << ‘\n’;
}
int main( )
{
int x = 20; 
change( ); 
cout << “x = ” << x;
}

Here only the value of the variable x is passed to the function. Thus the formal parameter n in the function will get the value 20. When we increase the value of n, it will not affect the value of the variable x. The output of the above code is n = 21, x = 20 Call by reference method:

1. Reference variables are used as formal parameters.
2. Actual parameters will be variables only.
3. The changes made in the formal ar­guments are reflected in actual ar­guments.
4. The memory of actual arguments is shared by formal arguments.

eg., void changefint & n)
{
n = n + 1;
cout << “n = ” << n << ‘\n’;
}
int mainf)
{
int x=20;
change(x);
cout << “x = ” << x;
}

Here the output will be n = 21, x = 21

Answer 22.
The network is classified based upon the amount of geographical area that covers.
1. Personal Area Network (PAN): It is used to connect devices situated .in a small radius by using guided media or unguided media.

2. Local Area Network (LAN): This is used to connect computers in a single room or buildings of one location by using twisted pair wire or coaxial cable,  Data transfer rate is high and the error rate is less.

3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): It is a network spread over a city,  MAN have lesser speed than LAN and the error rate is less. Here optical fi- J ber cable is used, eg., Cable TV net­work.

4. Wide Area Network (WAN): This is used to connect computers over a large geographical area. It is a net­work of networks. Here the comput­ers are connected using telephone lines or Microwave station or satel­lites. The error rate in data transmis­sion is high, eg., internet.

Answer 23.
When an e-mail is sent from your com­puter, it first reaches the e-mail server of our e-mail service provider. From there the e-mail is routed to the recipi­ents e-mail server through the internet. The recipient’s e-mail server delivers the e-mail to recipients inbox which stores the message. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used e-mail com­munication.

Answer 24.
Functional units of a computer are based on a model proposed by John Von Neu­mann. It consists of some functional units namely Input Unit, Central Pro­cessing Unit (CPU), Storage Unit and Output Unit.

1. Input unit. The collected data and the instructions for their processing are entered into the computer through the input unit. They are stored in the memory (storage unit). The data may be in different forms. Keyboard, mouse, scanner, mic, digital cam­era, etc. are some commonly used in­put devices.

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU). The CPU is the brain of the computer. In a computer system, all major computations and comparisons are made inside the CPU. It is also responsible for activating and controlling the operations of other units of the com­puter. The functions of CPU are per­formed by three components; Arith­metic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), Registers.

3. Storage unit. The data and instruc­tions entered in the computer through input unit are stored inside the computer before actual process­ing starts. The information or results produced after processing are also stored inside the computer, before transferring to the output unit. The intermediate results, if any, must also be stored for further processing.

4. Output unit. The information ob­tained after data processing is sup­plied to the outside world through the output unit in a human-readable form. Monitor and printer are the commonly used output devices.

Answer 25.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std; 
int main()
{
int num, c, digit, rev=o; 
cout<<“Enter the number:";
cin> >num; c=num;
while(num != o)
{
digit = num % 10;                                 '
rev = (rev * 10)+ digit; 
num = num/10;
}
cout<<“The reverse of the number is”
<<rev; 
if (rev == c)
cout<<“\nThe given number is a palindrome.";
indrome.”; else
cout<<“\nThe given number is not a
palindrome.”;
return o;
}
OR
#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;
void main()
{
int i;
for (i=2000; i<=3000; i++) {
if (i%4 == o)
{
if (i%400 == o) cout << i;
}
return 0;
}

Plus One Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Previous Year Question Paper 2018

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

General Instructions to Candidates :

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• Read the instructions carefully.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from 1 to 5

Question  1.
What is the base of Mayan Number Sys­tem?

Question  2.
Name any two preprocessor directives in C++

Question 3.
Which statement in C++ can transfer control of a program to a labeled statement?

Question 4.
Which character is used to delimit the string in memory?

Question 5.
An electronic device used for commu­nication between computers through the telephone line is ……….

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16

Question 6.
Draw the block diagram of John Von Neumann’s computer architecture.

Question 7.
List any four image file formats.

Question 8.
What is cache memory?

Question 9.
Draw a flowchart to find the area of a rectangle.

Question 10.
What are the different types of cha­racters in the character set of C++? C++

Question 11.
Classify data types used in C++.

Question 12.
How many bytes are required to store the following arrays?

Question 13.
Distinguish the memory allocation of the following initialization statements.

char name[10] = “TOM”;
char str[] = “TOM”;

Question 14.
Current the program and write the output

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
Char str[ ]= “Green Computing”;
int n;
n=strlen (str);
cout< <n;
return o;
}

Question 15.
What is a firewall?

Question 16.
What is phishing?

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27.

Question 17.
a. A number of symbols used in a num­ber system are called
b. Find MSD in the decimal number 7854-25
c. Find octal equivalent of (400)₁₀.

Question 18.
a. ASCII stands for………….

b. Find the largest number in the list,

1. (1oooo)₂
2. (1ooo)₈
3. (1oo)₁₀
4. (1o)_l6

Question 19.
a. Name two different language pr­ocessors which translate the high-level lan­guage program into machine language program.
b. What is the operating system? Give two examples?

Question 20.
What is the operating system ? Give two examples.

Question 21.
a. Distinguish between entry controlled loop and exit controlled loop
Step l: Start
Step 2: N = l
Step 3: Print N
Step 4: N = N + 1
Step 5: If N<=10 Then Go To step 3
Step 8: Stop

b. When we implement the above algo­rithm in C++, what will be the output?

Question 22.
What is the role of relational operators in C++ ? Give suitable examples.

Question 23.
Distinguish between the break and continue statements in C+ +.

Question 24.
If 24, 54, 89, 56, 76, 42, 5 are the ele­ments of an array, illustrate the work­ing of selection sort algorithm for sort­ing these elements in descending order.

Question 25.
Write a C++ program to input the scores of 5 students and display them in reverse order using an array.

Question 26.
Explain the difference between Call-by­value and Call-by-reference methods with suitable examples.
Call-by-value, Call-by-reference

Answer any nine questions from 28 to 30

Question 27.
Explain the scope of variables in a C++ program.

Question 28.
List and explain various components of system software.

Question 29.
What will be the output of the given C++ program? Justify your answer.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std; int main( )
{
int a, b, num;
for (a=i; a< = io; ++a)
{
for (b=i; b<=5; ++b)
num = a*b;
cout<<num<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

b. Rewrite the following program using while and do-while loops. (Write sepa­rate programs)

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int i;
for (i=i; i<=io; i++)
{
cout< <i;
}
return o;
}

Question 30.
a. URL stands for……
b. Explain the format of URL with an example.
c. What is the use of URL in computer networks?

Answer

Answer 1.
20

Answer 2.
#define, #undef

Answer 3.
goto statement

Answer 4.
‘\o’

Answer 5.
MODEM

Answer 6.
Von Neumann architecture consists of a central processing unit (CPU) contai­ning arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and controls unit (CU), input-output unit and a memory for storing data and in­structions. This model implements the ‘Stored Program Concept’ in which the data and the instructions are stored in the memory.

Answer 7.
JPEG (Joint Picture Experts Group), bitmap file format (BMP), Tagged Im­age File Format (TIFF), Graphics Inter­change Format (GIF).

Answer 8.
It is a small and fast memory between the processor and RAM. Frequently ac­cessed data, instructions, intermediate results, etc. are stored in cache memory for quick access.

Answer 9.
Let l, b, A are the variables.

Answer 10.
1.  Letters: A – Z, a – z
2. Digits: 0 – 9
3. Special characters: +, -, *, \, ^∧, /, ( ), [ ], { }, =, <, >, ?, !, @, %, #, $
4. White spaces: Blank space (space bar), tab, return, new line, form feed
5. Other characters: 256 ASCII charac­ters

Answer 11.
Based on nature, size and associated operations, data types are classified into fundamental data types, user-defined data types and derived data types. Pre­defined data types (fundamental data types) in C++ are char, int, float, double and void.

Answer 12.
2 x 2 x 5 = 20 bytes
2 x 25 = 50 bytes

Answer 13.
char name[io] = “TOM”;
Here is the first statement, 10 memory locations will be allocated and the string will be stored with null charac­ter as the delimiter. The last six bytes . will be left unused,
char str[ ] = “TOM”;
Here the size of the array is not speci­fied and hence only 4 bytes will be allo­cated
(3 bytes for the string and 1 for ‘\o’)-

Answer 14.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio> using namespace std; int main( )
{
char str[ ]= “Green Computing”;
int n;
n=strlen(str);
cout<<n;
return 0;
}
The output will be 15.

Answer 15.
Firewall is a system that controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic by analyzing the data and then pro­vides security to the computer network in an organization from other networks (internet).

Answer 16.
It is an attempt to get others informa­tion such as usernames, passwords, bank a/c details etc by acting as the au­thorized website. Phishing websites have URLs and home pages similar to their original ones and mislead others, it is called spoofing.

Answer 17.
a. base or radix
b. 7
c. (620)₈

Answer 18.
a. American Standard Code for Infor­mation Interchange
b. i. (10000)₂ =1 x 2⁴ + 0 x 2³ + 0 x 2²+0 x 2¹ + 0 x 2⁰ = 16 + o + 0 + o = 16
ii. (1000)₈ = 1 x 8³ + o x 8² + ox 8¹ + o x 8° = 512 + 0 + o + o = 512
iii.(100)₁₀
iv. (10)₁₆ = 1 x 16¹ + o x 16°= 16
Here (1ooo)₈ is the largest number.

Answer 19.
a. Compiler, interpreter
b. It is a set of programs that act as an interface between the user and com­puter hardware, eg., Linux, MS Win­dows.

Answer 20.
Entry controlled loop:
1. Initialization before loop definition.
2. No guarantee to execute the loop body at least once.
3. e.g.for loop, while loop

Exit controlled loop:
1. Initialization before loop definition.
2. Will execute the loop body at least once even though the condition is False.
3. eg., do while loop

Answer 21.
a.

b. This C++ program will display the first 10 natural numbers. 123456789 10

Answer 22.
Used for comparing numeric data. These are binary operators. The result of any relational operation will be ei­ther True or False. They are < (less than), > (greater than), <= (less than or equal to), >= (greater than or equal to), == (equal to), != (not equal to).= is an assignment operator used to as­sign a value to the variable. == is a relational operator that tests for equal­ity.

Answer 23.
break:

1. Used with switch and loops.
2. Brings the program control outside the switch or loop by skipping the rest of the statements within the block.
3. Program control goes out of the loop even though the test expression is True.

continue:

1. Used only with loops.
2. Brings the program control to the beginning of the loop by skipping the rest of the statements within the block.
3. Program control goes out of the loop only when the test expression becomes False.

Answer 24.

Answer 25.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int main( )
{
int i, score[5];
for(i=o; i<5; i++)
{
cout<<“Enter the scores: ";
cin>>score[i];
}
for(i=4; i>=o; i- -)
cout<<“Scores of student” <<i <<“ is”
<< score[i]<<endl;
return o;
}

Answer 26.
Call by value method:
1. Ordinary variables are used as for­mal parameters.
2. Actual parameters may be con­stants, variables or expressions.
3. The changes made in the formal ar­guments are not reflected in actual ar­guments.
4. Exclusive memory allocation is re­quired for the formal arguments

Call by reference method:

1. Reference variables are used as for­mal parameters.
2. Actual parameters will be variables only.
3. The changes made in the formal ar­guments are reflected in actual argu­ments.
4. Memory of actual arguments is shared by formal arguments. Call-by-value:

eg., eg., void change(int n)
{
n = n + 1;
cout << “n =” << n << ‘\n’;
}
int main()
{
int x = 20; change(x); cout << “x = ” << x;
}

Here only the value of the variable x is passed to the function. Thus the formal parameter n in the function will get the value 20. When we increase the value of n, it will not affect the value of the variable x. The output of the above code
is n = 21, x = 20

Call-by-reference: void change(int & n)
{
n = n + 1;
cout << “n = ” << n << ‘\n’;
}
int main()
{
int x=20;
change(x);
cout << “x = ” << x;
}
Here the output will be n = 21, x = 21

Answer 27.
The scope of local variables:
1. Declared within a function or a block of statements.
2. Available only within that function or block.
3. Memory is allocated when the func­tion or block is active and freed when the execution of the function or block is completed.
The scope of global variables:
1. Declared outside all the functions.
2. Available to all the functions of the program.
3. Memory is allocated just before the execution of the program and freed when the program stops execution.

eg., #include <iostream>
using namespace std; int cubefint n)
{
int cb;
cout<< “The value of x passed to n is” << x; 
/*This is an error because the vari­able x is declared within the main() func­tion. 
So it cannot be used in other func­tions. */
cb = n * n * n;
return cb;
}
int main()
{
int x, result;
cout << “Enter a number : ”;
cin >> x;
result = cube(x);
cout << “Cube = ” << result;
cout << “\nCube = ”<<cb;
}

In the above program, the scope of the var­iable CB is in the cube( ) function because it is declared within that function. Hence this variable cannot be used out­side the function. This scope is known as local scope.

Answer 28.
System software is a set of one or more programs designed to control the opera­tions of a computer.
The following are components of system software:
1. Operating system: It is a set of pro­grams that acts as an interface between the user and computer hardware. The primary objective of an operating sys­tem is to make computer system con­venient to use. The operating system is the most important system software.

2. Language processors: Language pro­cessors are software used to convert programs written in assembly language or high-level language into ma- 1 chine language.

Various language processors are:
a. Assembler: It converts languages written in assembly language into the ma­chine language.

b. Interpreter: It converts a high-level language into machine language by-line by line. If there is an error in one line, it reports and the execution is ter­minated. It will continue the transla­tion only after the correction of the er­ror. eg., BASIC is an interpreted lan­guage.

c. Compiler: It translates a high-level language into machine language by converting all the lines at a time. The errors are provided at the end of the compilation. The programming lan­guage that have a compiler are C, C++, Pascal, etc.

d. Utility software: A set of programs which help users in system mainte­nance tasks and in performing tasks of routine nature.

Utility programs are:
a. Compression tools: Large files can be compressed so that they take less storage area. Compression of files is known as zipping and decompression is called unzipping, eg., WinZip, WinRAR.

b. Disk defragmenter: It is a program that rearranges files on a computer hard disk. This enables the computer to work faster and more efficiently.

c. Backup software: It duplicating the disk information so that in an event of disk failure or in an event of accidental deletion, this backup may be used. Backup utility programs facilitate the backing up of the disk.

Answer 29.
a.
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Only the outer loop statement will ex­ecute. The inner loop executes only once because of the absence of
{ }. The result variable num and the value of num in the last iteration of the inner loop are dis­played using the court statement.
b.

While:- i = 1;
while (i< = io)
{
cout<<i;
i++;
}
Do while:-
i = 1;
do
{
cout<<i;
i++;
}
while (i<=io);

Answer 30.
a. Uniform Resource Locator
b. Provides a way to locate a resource on the web, the hypertext system that operates over the internet.
c. URL has three parts.
1. http: It means a hypertext transfer protocol. It is a protocol used to transfer hypertext.
2. www: Means World Wide Web. With an email address, we can open our mailbox from anywhere in the world.
3. The third part is a unique name. It is the official website name of signals Window System, eg., hscap.kerala

Plus One Computer Science Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Business Studies Model Question Paper 3

General Instructions

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give provided wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer the following questions from 1 to 9. Each carries 1 score.

Question 1.
Business activities are undertaken primarily to …………..

a. Earn profit

b. Have recognition

c. Fulfill social obligation

Question 2.
Provision of residential accommodation to the member at a reasonable rate is the objective

a. Producers cooperative

b. Consumers cooperative

c. Housing cooperative

d. Credit cooperative

Question 3.
Which of the following cannot be classified as an auxiliary to trade’?

a. Mining

b. Insurance

c. Warehousing

d. Transport

Question 4.
Mortality is to be enforced in an establishment by the ………………

a. Top level management

b. Middle-level management

c. Low-level management

d. Employees at all levels

Question 5.
Preliminary contracts are signed

a. before the incorporation

b. after incorporation but before the capital subscription

c. after incorporation but before the commencement of business
d. after the commencement of business

Question 6.
……………….. is the last link in the channel of distribution of goods and services

a. Wholesale

b. Retailer

c. Producer

d. Customer

Question 7.
Public deposits are the deposits that are raised directly from

a. The public

b. The director

c. The auditors

d. The owner’s

Question 8.
An arrangement to acquire the right use an asset without owing is called

a. Factoring
b. Leasing
c. Financing
d. Warehousing

Question 9.
ADRs are issued in

a. Canada
കാനഡ
b.China again

c. India

d. USA

Answer any 6 questions from 10 to 16. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 10.
Write any two merits of lease financing.

Question 11.
Explain the concept of discretionary responsibility.

Question 12.
Name the following partners.
a. A partnership firm informs its customers that Mr. Ramesh is its partner. From the customers, Mr. Ramesh comes to know about it. But he does not deny it.
b. Vinod is a partner who hasn’t invested any money and does not take part in any activity.

Question 13.
Write a short note on NABARD.

Question 14.
Certain retailers do not have any fixed place of business to conduct the trade. State any two characteristics of them.

Question 15.
Find the business models from the following.

a. Customers making toll free calls through call centers to inquire about the product of a company

b. CIAL Tech Ltd. .uses a network of computers for monitoring delivery of components to the suppliers

Question 16.
A cooperative society is a voluntary association of persons who join together with the motive of the welfare of the members. State any two merits of a cooperative society.

Answer any 4 questions from 17 to 21. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 17.
How does a cooperative society exemplify democracy and secularism? Explain.

Question 18.
Compare the status of minor in joint Hindu family business with that in a partnership firm.

Question 19.
Write any two limitations of business.

Question 20.
The management of Thottam Plantation decided to set apart 10% of their profits for the education of students belonging to weaker sections. Identify the type of social responsibility referred here. Also, write three points of arguments for social responsibility.

Question 21.
For buying and selling of goods within the boundaries of a country mainly two intermediaries are involved. Write two services each provided by these intermediaries to the producers.

Answer the following questions which carry 4 scores.

Question 22.
Match the following:

Answer any 3 questions from 23 to 26. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 23.
Kochi Metro rail corporation Ltd. Engaged in the construction of Kochi metro by joining together with the government of Kerala What are the advantages of such venture?

Question 24.
Modern means of communication helps in making the exchange of ideas and information faster. Explain the modern means of communication.

Question 25.
Miss Lindzy approaches you with the intention of subscribing to shares in a private limited company. She wants to know the privileges enjoyed by a private limited company. Can you help her?

Question 26.
“ High profit-making institutions are beneficial not only to the businessmen but also to the society”. Comment on the above statement both from the point of view of the businessman and the society.

Answer any 3 questions from 27 to 30. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 27.
Explain the term marine insurance and also explain the types of marine insurance.

Question 28.
A commerce teacher, while going through the topic, “ Internal Trade”. Cites the examples of ‘Bata Shoe Company’ having its headquarters in Mumbai where if it has its showrooms at different locations of the city as well as in various cities all over India. The products of the company carry the same price in all these showrooms. Identify the type of shop cited in the example. List any five features of such shops.

Question 29.
Do you welcome the opening of the Indian retail market to multinationals like Walmart, McDonald’s etc?

Question 30.
Suppose, a public enterprise is established in your district. As an e-commerce student, can you compare the various features of the three forms of public enterprises?

Answer any 2 questions from 31 to 33. Each carries 8 scores.

Question 31.
Mr. Manoj is running a ladies store. As he has no business partners in the shop, he appointed two more ladies to assist him in trading activities for a salary of Rs. 2,000 per month. Identify this business organization State any four advantages and three disadvantages of the organization.

Question 32.
The newly established Eastern valley Ltd., require a huge volume of finance for establishing their business. A wide variety of sources of funds are available for them. Advice the finance department about the factors to be considered before selecting the suitable sources.

Question 33.
Seetharam & sons Pvt.Ltd and Krishna Sagar Ltd. are two companies incorporated in India. Identify the types of companies. Differentiate between the two types of companies

Answers

Answer 1.
a. Earn profit
ലാഭം നേടുക

Answer 2.
c. Housing cooperative

Answer 3.
Mining

Answer 4.
Employees at all levels

Answer 5.
before the incorporation

Answer 6.
b.Retailer

Answer 7.
The public

Answer 8.
Leasing

Answer 9.
USA

Answer 10.

• It provides finance without diluting the ownership or control of a business
  
• It does not affect the debtor raising of an enterprise.
  

Answer 11.
Discretionary Responsibility

This refers to purely voluntary obligation that an enterprise assumes for instance providing charitable contribution to educational institutions or helping the affected people during floods or earthquakes.

Answer 12.
a. Partner by holding out
b. Nominal partner

Answer 13.
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
NABARD was set up in 1982 to promote integrated rural development. It has been adopting a multipronged, multipurpose strategy for the promotion of rural business enterprises in the country.

Answer 14.
Characteristics of if itinerant retailers
a. Deals in daily use consumer products.
b. Supply of products of doorsteps etc.

Answer 15.
a. C2B
b. B2B.

Answer 16.
a. Large funds
b. Share of risk

Answer 17.
AH, a feature of the cooperative society lends it to a democratic character. Further, the membership of a cooperative society is open to all, irrespective of their religion, caste, and gender. The cooperative society through its purpose lays emphasis on the values of mutual help and welfare. These features prove the secular nature of cooperative societies.

Answer 18.
A person becomes a member of a joint Hindu family business when he takes birth in such a family. All minors the family are coparceners in the family business. A partnership is based on a legal contract between partners. Since the minor is incompetent for entering to a valid contract, minor cannot be a partner of a partnership firm, but minor can be appointed as a beneficiary of a partnership firm.

Answer 19.

1. It lacks a personal touch with customers.
   
2. Incongruence between order taking and order fulfillment speed.
   

Answer 20.
Discretionary Responsibility

This refers to purely voluntary obligation that an enterprise assumes, for instance, providing a charitable contribution to an educational institute or helping the affected people during floods or earthquakes,

Arguments for Social Responsibility.

1. The justification for existence and growth

Business exists for providing goods and services to satisfy human needs. Though profit motive is an important justification for undertaking a business activity,

2. The long-term interest of the firm

A firm and its image stand to gain maximum profits in the long run when it has its highest goal as service to society. When an increasing number of members of society, including workers, consumers, shareholders, government official feel that business enterprise is not serving its best interest, they will tend to withdraw their cooperation to the enterprise concerned.

Answer 21.
Services of wholesalers

1. Services to manufacturers:

a. Facilitate large-scale production;

Bulk orders from wholesalers enable the producers to take the production on a large scale and take advantages of economies of scale.

b. Bearing risk

The wholesaler deals in goods in its own name and takes the risk of loss or damage in storage and transit.

c. Financial assistance

Wholesalers provide financial assistance to manufacturers means they make ready cash payment for purchases and even advance money to producers.

Services to retailers :

a. Availability of goods

The wholesalers make the products Real owner Fixed percentage of interest No voting rights International source of finance various manufacturers readily available to the retailers.

b. Marketing support

The wholesalers perform various marketing functions and provide support to retailers.

C. Grant of credit

Answer 22.

Answer 23.
Government company

A government company is established under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 and is registered and governed by the provisions of the Indian Companies Act. According to the Indian Companies Act 1956, a government company means any company in which not less than 51 percent of the paid up capital is held by the central government, or partly by central government and partly by one or more state governments.

Features

1. It is an organization created by the Indian companies act,
   
2. It can obtain funds from government shareholdings
   
3. It can enter into a contract.
   
4. It can acquire property in its own name.
   
5. Its management is regulated by the provisions of the companies act.
   

Answer 24.
1. Fax

The printed, a message is converted into electronic signals as the paper rolls through the fax machine. This message is received in the same format the other end on the paper roll that is attached to the machine.

2. Internet & E-mail

The Internet is an international computer network that links computers from sectors such as government agencies business houses, educational institution, stores it and allows it to be read on satisfying certain conditions.

3. Video conferencing and Teleconferencing
This mode of communication begins in Teleconferencing. A number of telephones are simultaneously connected to one another. Teleconferencing is a facility enabling people in different parts of the world to have an audio meeting, saving on transit time and hotel stay.

4. Video conferencing

It is the closest it gets to seeing and hearing one another without being present together technologies used in a video conference area monitor, screen, microphone, camera etc.

5. Voicemail

Voicemail is a form of email only. Here, a message, instead of being communicated in a written is sent in the form of voice of the caller.

Answer 25.
Privileges of a private company

1. A private company can be formed by only two members. Andiamo.
   
2. There is no need to issue a prospectus.
   
3. Allotment of shares can be done without receiving the minimum subscription,
   
4. It can start a business as soon as it receives the certificate of incorporation.
   
5. It needs to have only two directors
   
6. It is not required to keep an index of members
   
7. There is no restriction on the amount of loan to the directors of a private company.
   

Answer 26.
From the viewpoint of business:

1. Profit is necessary for the survival of the business.
2. Profit increases the efficiency of a business.
3. Profit accelerates the pace of growth.
4. Profit builds a good image of the business.
5. Profit brings prosperity to the business.
6. Profit is a reward for the risk borne by the businessman.

From the viewpoint of society:

1. Society gets quality products at reasonable prices.
2. Employees will get better remuneration, good working condition etc
3. A profitable business enterprise generates more employment opportunities
4. A profitable business concern can undertake various community development programs.

Answer 27.
Classification of marine insurance

1. Ship or hull insurance
   
   When a ship is insured against marine hazards it is known as hull insurance.
   
2. Cargo insurance
   
   Marine insurance that covers the risk of loss of cargo is known as cargo insurance.
   
3. Freight insurance
   
   Insurance of the risk of loss of freight is known as freight insurance,
   

Answer 28.
Chain stores or multiple shops:

It is a system of branch shop operating under centralized management and dealing in a similar line of products. The central office is called head office. Branches are located all over the world.

Features of multiple shops

• As there is centralized procurement they enjoy economies of scale
  
• By selling directly to the consumers they eliminate unnecessary middlemen on the sale of goods and services
  
• Since sales are made in cash basis no bad debts occurred
  
• It reduces the chance of dead stock by transferring the same to branch in another locality where it is in demand
  

Answer 29.
Global enterprises or Multi-National Corporations (MNCs)

Global enterprises are huge industrial organizations which extend their industrial and marketing operations through a net VDC of their branches in several countries. They are characterized by their huge size, a large number of products, advanced technology etc.

Features:

1. Huge capital resources

These enterprises are characterized by ‘ possessing huge financial resources and the ability to raise funds from different sources.

2. Foreign collaboration

Global enterprises can collaborate with companies in the public and private sector

3. Advanced technology

These enterprises possess technological superiorities in their methods of production.

4. Product innovation

They are continuously engaged in developing new products, better quality an superior design of an existing product.

5. Marketing strategies

The marketing strategies of global companies are far more effective than other companies.

6. Expansion of market territory

Their operations and activities extend beyond the physical boundaries of their own country.

7. Centralized control

They have their headquarters in their home country and exercise control over all branches and subsidiaries,

Answer 30.
Public sector enterprises can be organized in the following three forms

1. Departmental undertaking
   
2. Statutory corporations
   
3. Government company
   

1. Departmental undertaking

This is the oldest form of organizing public sector enterprises. It may be run either by the central government or by the state government. They are managed by the government employees and works under the center of a minister.
Eg: Railway, Post and Telegraph etc.

Features:

1. They are financed from the government Treasury.
   
2. They are subject to accounting and audit controls applicable other government activities.
   
3. The employees of the enterprise are government servants.
   

2. Statutory corporations

Statutory corporations are public enterprises brought into existence by a special act of the government. The act defines its powers and functions, rules and regulations governing its employees and its relationship with the government departments.
Eg. LIC, RBI, SBI etc.

Features:

1. Statutory corporations are set up under an act of parliament.
   
2. This type of organization is wholly owned by the state.
   
3. It is a body corporate and can sue and be sued.
   

3 ……. Government company

A government company is established under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 and is registered and governed by the provisions of the Indian Companies Act. According to the Indian Companies Act 1956, a government company means any company in which not less than 51 percent of the paid up capital is held by the central government, or partly by central government and partly by one or more state governments.

Features:

1. It is an organization created by the In. Indian companies act, 1956.
   
2. The company can sue and be sued.
3. It can enter into a contract.
   

Answer 31.
Sole Proprietorship

Sole proprietorship refers to a form of business organization which is owned, managed and controlled by an individual who is the recipient of all profits and bearer of all risk. A sole proprietor is the one who is the only owner of a business.

Merits:

• Quick decision
  
  A sole trader has full control over affairs of business, so he enjoys a considerable degree of freedom in decision making.
  
• Confidentiality of information
  
  A sole trader can keep all information related to business operations confidential and maintain secrecy.
  
• Direct incentive
  
  A sole trader is the only recipient of all the profit. The need to share profits does not arise as he is the single owner.
  
• It instills Sense of accomplishment and confidence in one’s abilities.
  
• There is ease information as well as the closure of the business
  

Demerits:

• Limited resources
  
  Resources of a sole trader limited to his personal savings and borrowings from others
  
• Limited life of a business concern
  
  The death, insanity, of a sole proprietor, causes discontinuity of business
  
• The owner has unlimited liability
• Limited managerial ability
  
  A sole trader may not be an expert in every aspect of management.
  

Answer 32.
Sources of finance

A company would choose from among various sources of finance depending on the amount . of capital required and the term for which it is needed.

Factors affecting the choice of source of funds

1. Cost of procurement and utilization of funds.
   
2. Financial strength and stability of operation.
   
3. A form of organization and legal status.
   
4. Purpose and time period for which funds are required.
   
5. The risk profile of source of finance.
   
6. Control
   
7. Effect on creditworthiness
   
8. Flexibility and ease of obtaining funds.
   
9. Tax benefit.
   

Answer 33.
Types of companies

1. Private company A private company means a company which

• Restrict the right of members to transfer its share.
  
• Has a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 50 members.
  
• Does not invite the public to subscribe to its share capital
  
• Must have minimum up paid capital of Rs.llakh
  

Public company

A public company means a company which is not a private company. As per Indian companies act a public company is one which

• Has a minimum paid-up capital of Rs. 5 lakhs
  
• Has a minimum of 7members and no limit on maximum member
  
• Has no restriction on transfer of share
  
• Is not prohibited from inviting the public to subscribe to its share capital or public deposits.
  

Plus One Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers