Class 9

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Society and Economy in Medieval India Textual Questions and Answers in Malayalam

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You can Download Society and Economy in Medieval India Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 5 Society and Economy in Medieval India Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 5 Notes

Society And Economy In Medieval India Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Complete the table related to agricultural progress in medieval India.

Answer:

Society And Economy In Medieval India Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Analyze the progress in the field of agriculture during the Chola period.
Answer:
During the medieval India, there was tremendous, progress in agricultural activities. Irrigation facilities improved with the construction of canals and digging of wells. Advent of new machines and tools improved the possibility of crop production. Many varieties of paddy and other crops were being cultivated in India. The Chola kings who ruled south India at the beginning of the medieval period adopted several measures to ensure agricultural progress. The steps taken by the Chola kings include the following.

• Construction of canals
• Steps to ensure water prosperity in river Kaveri
• Measures taken by the summit that worked. under the Subhas, the body for village administration.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 3.
How did the technological advancement help occupational field? Conduct a discussion and prepare a note.
Answer:
Several technological advancements and inventions took place in medieval period.
Charkha (a domestic spinning wheel) was the key factor that facilitated the development of textile industry. It was in the fourteenth century that charkha began to be used in India. Indians adopted this technology from the Chinese. With the advent of charkha, the production of yarn in-creased by six times.

Weaving also advanced along with spinning. The invention of loom brought tremendous changes in weaving. The technology for the production of silk from silkworms also spread widely during that period. It was Bengal that pioneered the production of silk in the fourteenth century. The production of carpet and paper were other major handi-crafts prevalent then. There was great demand for Indian carpets in the foreign market. In India paper began to be used in the thirteenth century.

Metallurgy and mining were other industries that flourished in this period. Those who were engaged in metallurgy mostly produced agriculture tools and war equipment. The production of horseshoe, and iron stirrup made drastic changes in war technology. Copper and gems were mined from Rajasthan and Golkonda respectively. Salt production was another important occupation that thrived much in this period. Seashore, salt rocks, and salt lakes were the major sources of salt. West Punjab and Sambhar in Rajasthan were the chief salt-producing centers.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
With the help of an atlas, identify and mark the above-given countries in the world map

Answer:

• Sumatra and Java (Indonesia)
• Persia (Iran)
• Holland
• England
• China
• Portugal
• France

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 5.
Mark the major ports in the map of India and identify the states where they are situated now.
Answer:

• Ports — States
• Cambaby — Gujarat
• Broach — Gujarat
• Surat — Gujarat
• Goa — Goa
• Nagapatanam — Tamil Nadu
• Kozhikode — Kerala
• Kollam — Kerala

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 6.
Discuss the role of the government in the promotion of medieval trade and commerce.
Answer:
The government played significant role in the promotion of medieval trade and commerce. The measures taken by the government include the following.

• Constructed roads connecting major cities
• Granted loans to traders
• Constructed Sarais (rest houses)
• Implemented uniform taxation
• Postal facilities were made efficient
• Implemented efficient coinage system

9th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
What were the factors that facilitated the growth of medieval Indian cities.
Answer:

• Agricultural and commercial progress
• Rapid increase in urban population
• New sections of people inhabited in the cities
• Large number of slaves were captured from battles to cities
• Migration of people including cooks, weavers and leather craftsmen to the cities.

Social Notes For Class 9 State Syllabus Question 8.
The medieval period was played with inequalities’. Analyze the statement.
Answer:
In medieval India, there were 3 strata of people such as the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. Majority of the people were farmers. When landlords lived luxuriously, the common mass had to struggle with a pathetic life. They were burdened by excessive tax. Majority of the farmers could not own land, oxen, and plough. According to the historical sources of the Mughal period, there were two types of peasants-Khud-Kashta and Pahi-Kashta.

The Zamindars were the dominant class in the agricultural sector during the Mughal period. They were the owners of vast agricultural fields. They did not cultivate directly. They used others to cultivate. They enjoyed high position in the society and collected tax from peasants on behalf of the rulers. They maintained their own castles and troop. Slavery system was also prevalent in medieval India. In short, it can be stated that the medieval period was plagued with inequalities

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Prepare a note on the condition of women in medieval India
Answer:
The condition of women in medieval India was very pathetic. The practice of Sati and child marriage were existed in India. There were restrictions for remarriage. Since girls were married at a very tender age, they did not get the opportunity for education. The role of women in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors was significant. They involved themselves in all the stages of farming from sowing to harvesting.

They were engaged in weaving, pottery, and embroidery too. Even then, there were several women who had adorned higher political and social positions. Noorjahan, the wife of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Sultana Rasiya were excellent administrators. Gulbadan Begum (sister of Humayun), Jahanara (daughter of Shah Jahan), and Jeeja Bai (the mother of Shivaji) were women who. held higher positions.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science English Medium Question 10.
Discuss the social life in medieval India and prepare a note.
Answer:
The hierarchy based on caste system prevailed in medieval period too. The Brahmins enjoyed a higher status. Increase in the number of castes was a major feature of this period. The newly formed occupational groups gradually evolved as castes.

Similar to that in North India, the castes in South India were Idankai and valenki. Even though there was economic progress in medieval period, very less could get benefit from it. Majority were affected by poverty. Caste system and slavery intensified inequalities in the social set up.

Let Us Assess

Hsslive Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
How did the development in agricultural sector help the economic progress of medieval India? Evaluate
Answer:

• Large scale cultivation of crops helped attain food security.
• As part of agricultural progress, irrigation facilities improved in the country.
• Several industries based on agricultural products were developed in medieval India.
• Textile Industry, weaving, and spinning, handi-crafts, metallurgy and mining flourished in India leading to economic prosperity.
• Surplus agricultural production helped the growth of commerce and trade.
• Trade centers and ports were developed.

9th Class Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 12.
What were the major means of livelihood of Indians during the Sultanate and the Mughal periods?
Answer:

• Forming
• Construction for farming purposes
• Handicrafts
• Spinning and weaving
• Metallurgy and mining
• Trade and commerce

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 13.
How did the invention of new technologies help the progress in occupational and industrial sectors.
Answer:
Several technological advancement and inventions took place in medieval period.
Charkha (a domestic spinning wheel) was the key factor that facilitated the development of textile industry. It was in the fourteenth century that charkha began to be used in India. Indians adopted this technology from the Chinese. With the advent of charkha, the production of yarn increased by six times.

Weaving also advanced along with spinning. The invention of loom brought tremendous changes in weaving. The technology for the production of silk from silkworms also spread widely during that period. It was Bengal that pioneered the production of silk in the fourteenth century. The production of carpet and paper were other major
handicrafts prevalent then. There was great demand for Indian carpets in the foreign market. In India paper began to be used in the thirteenth century. Metallurgy and mining were other industries that flourished in this period.

Those who were engaged in metallurgy mostly produced agriculture tools and war equipments. The production of horseshoe, and iron stirrup made drastic changes in war technology. Copper and gems were mined from Rajasthan and Golkonda respectively. Salt production was another important occupation that thrived much in this period. Seashore, salt rocks, and salt lakes were the major sources of salt. West Punjab and Sambhar in Rajasthan were the chief salt-producing centers.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
What were the steps taken by the rulers of India in medieval period for the progress in trade.
Answer;

• Constructed roads connecting major cities
• Granted loans to traders
• Constructed Sarais (rest houses)
• Implemented uniform taxation
• Postal facilities were made efficient
• Implemented efficient coinage system

Question 15.
What were the two major trade groups in India? Which were the areas of trade they engaged?
Answer:

Export items:

• Cotton fabrics
• Indigo
• Salt
• Sugar

Import Items Metals:

• Leather
• Velvet
• Dry fruits
• Horse

Question 16.
Prepare a note on the life of peasants in medieval India.
Answer:
In the medieval India, there were two types of peas-ants namely khud-kasta and Pahi-Kashta

Question 17.
What was the socio-economic status of women in medieval India
Answer:
The socio-economic status of women in Medieval India was not satisfactory. The practice of Sati and child marriage were existed in India. There were restrictions for remarriage. Since girls were married at a very tender age, they did not get the opportunity for education. The role of women in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors was significant. They involved themselves in all the stages of farming from sowing to harvesting. They were engaged in weaving, pottery, and embroidery too.

Even then, there were several women who had adorned higher political and social position. Noorjahan, the wife of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Sultana Rasiya were excellent administrators Gulbadan Begum (sister of Humayun), Jahanara (daughter of Shah Jahan), and Jeeja Bai (the mother of Shivaji) were women who held higher positions.

Society and Economy in Medieval India Model Questions and Answers

Question 18.
‘Qitab-ul-Rihla’ was written by
Answer:
I bn Battuta

Question 19.
List the factors that helped agricultural progress in, South India.
Answer:

• Water prosperity in River Kaveri
• Alluvaial deposit of its tributaries
• Canal constructed for irrigation by the Chola Kings
• The measures taken by the Samitis that worked under the Sabhas, the body for village administration.

Question 20.
Construct a table showing types of farmlands and their features
Answer:
The historical sources of the Chola period confirm that there were four types of farmlands.

Question 21.
……….. was the key factor that facilitated the development of textile industry.
Answer:
UseofCharkha

Question 22.
Indians adopted the technology of charkha from
a) England
b) Portugal
c) South Africa
d) China
Answer:
d) China

Question 23.
Identify important handicrafts prevalent during medi-eval period.
Answer:

• Carpet
• Paper

Question 24.
What made drastic changes in war technology
Answer:

• Production of horseshoe
• Production of iron stirrup

Question 25.
Complete the table related to production of salt during medieval period.

Answer:

Question 26.
Identify two major inland trade routes that facilitated trade during medieval period.
Answer:

1. From Lahore to Kabul
2. From Multan to Kandahar

Question 27.
Maritime trade was who known as
Answer:
Coastline trade

Question 28.
Name major ports of medieval India
Answer:

1. Cambay
2. Broach
3. Surat
4. Goa
5. Nagapattanam
6. Kozhikode
7. Kollam

Question 29.
Categories the following items an export and import items.
1. Cotton fabrics
2. Indigo metal
3. Salt leather
4. Velvet
5. Sugar
6. Dry fruits horse
Answer:
Export items:
1. Cotton fabrics
2. Indigo
3. Salt
4. Sugar
Import Items Metals
5. Leather
6. Velvet
7. Dry fruits
8. Horse

Question 30.
In south India, the horse traders were also known as
Answer:
Kuthirachettis

Question 31.
Name the countries in the field of horse trade
Answer:

• Arab countries
• Portuguese

Question 32.
Prepare a note on the postal system that prevailed in India.
Answer:
Ullokh and Dava were the postal systems that prevailed in India. For carrying posts, horses and foot runners were used in Ullookand Dava respectively. There were three collection and distribution centers within a distance of one mile.

Question 33.
Complete the table showing the Europeans who arrived in India for trade and the items they traded

Answer:

Question 34.
What lead to the direct trade between India and Europe?
Answer:
Arrival of Vasco da Gama at Calicut in 1498 led to the direct trade between India and Europe.

Question 35.
Prepare a note on the system of coinage existed in medieval India.
Answer:
Ah efficient coinage existed in the Sultanate period. Tanka, the silver coin and Jital, the copper coin were in use at that time. SherShah made drastic reforms in coinage. The Rupeed, a silver coin he introduced, survived for long Emperor Akbar issued the silver coin called Jalali and the gold coin called illahi.

Question 36.
Identify major cities in Medieval India.
Answer:

• Gra
• Lahore
• Delhi
• Khandesh
• Ahmmedabad
• Dacca
• Daulathabad
• Banaras

Question 37.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:

Question 38.
The Zamindars who belonged to high castes were known as ……………
Answer:
Deshmukh, Patil and Naik

Question 39.
Complethe flowchart

Answer:

Question 40.
The travelogues of the medieval period record that slavery had prevailed in India. Substantiate.
Answer:
The travelogues of the medieval period record that slavery had prevailed in India then. Ibn Bathuta, a traveler to India in the 14th century, revealed that he had bought horses, camels, and slaves to present to Muhammed Bin Tughlaq, the then ruler. He also stated that the slaves in the courts excelled in music and dance. Markets exclusively for slave trade existed then. Majority of the slaves were detainers of the battles. They were imported from Africa.

Question 41.
Name the women who held higher positions during medieval period.
Answer:

• Noorjahan
• Sultana Rasiya
• Gulbadan Beegum
• Jahanara
• Jeeja Bai

Question 42.
What do you mean by Idankai and Valankai?
Answer:
The castes in South India were broadly divided into Idankai and Valankai. Those who engaged in trade and handicrafts were known as Idankai castes and those who engaged in agriculture sector were known as Valankai castes.

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 4 By the Hands of the Nature Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 4 Notes

By The Hands Of The Nature Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 1.

Observe the diagram. Haven’t you seen how rainwater carries away the loose rock particles from elevated regions and deposits elsewhere? What all changes take place on the surface of the earth as a result of both the process mentioned above?
Answer:
Carries loose material away – erosion
Deposits in low lying regions – deposition

By The Hands Of The Nature Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 2.
What are the different process of weathering?
Answer:
Weathering is the process where rock is dissolved, worn away or broken down into smaller and smalleds pieces. There are three different weathering processes such as mechanical, chemical and organic/biological.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Geography Notes Question 3.
Varied features are seen in the river course at every stage. Observe the diagram and answer the following questions by analyzing the features of these three courses.
i) In which stage is the intensity of erosion more?
ii) Which process results in the landforms in the lower course?
iii) In which stage of the river is the amount of sediments more?
Answer:
i) Upper course
ii) Active depositional process
iii) Middle course

Hss Live Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What could be the reason behind the round shape and polished surface of pebbles?
Answer:
The rock particles are carried by the river rub against the rocks along the bed and both the sides of the river. This results in the wearing down of rocks. Such erosion is known an abrasion or corrosion. Through these processes, the river can polish even the hard rocks along its course.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 5.
Why are gullies formed along steep slopes?
Answer:
Gullies are formed through intense erosion resulting from an increase in the velocity of water flow.

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 6.


Observe the pictures to understand how oxbow lakes take birth from meanders.
Answer:
Meanders are usually formed in the middle and lower courses of wide rivers. The transformation happening to the meanders through further erosion and deposition: Meanders may further curve through continuous erosion and deposition. Finally, the river takes a straight course. The curves may get detached from the main river to form isolated water bodies. Such water bodies are called oxbow lakes.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Prepare notes by discussing the agricultural importance of flood plains.
Answer:
The deposition of alluvium along both the flooded banks may cause the formation of plains called flood plains. Flood plains contain rich and fertile soil suitable for cultivation. Agricultural improvement is possible in flood plains. This has historically led to the development of various civilizations along the flood plains. Flood plains are along the banks of rivers. Thus the area is rich in water availability. The physiography of flood plains is suitable for both agricultural activities and settlement.

Hsslive Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Complete the table based on what you have learnt about the landform created by rivers.

Answer:

Hsslive Guru 9th Geography Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Why is water is called universal solvent?
Answer:
Water is called as universal solvent because most of the mineral present in the rocks gets dissolved as water pass through them.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Identify the landform created by the merging of stalacticles and stalagmites.
Answer:
Limestone pillars

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 11.
Name the districts in which the tourism-oriented beaches in Kerala can be found? )
Answer:
Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Kannur, Kozhikode, Kasaragod, and Kollam

Hsslive Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Which is the major geomorphic agent creating landforms in deserts?
Answer:
Rock pedestals, Deflation hollows, Oasis, Sand dunes, Yasdangs and Desert Pavements.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 13.
What could be the reason for the increased erosion at the bottom of the rocks as shown in the figure?

Answer:
Mushroom rocks are created by wind blowing material and eroding the rocks to form a mushroom rock. It also can be formed by glacial erosion. This can happen when a glacier retreats and leaves behind rocks causing the rock on the bottom to erode faster leaving behind a mushroom rock. One day, erosion will weaken the base of these rocks and the top part will come tumbling down.

By the Hands of the Nature Model Questions and Answers

Hsslive Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
What are glaciers?
Answer;
Thick masses of ice slowly move downhill in snow-clad region are called glaciers.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 15.
Define geomorphology
Answer:
Geomorphology is the branch of geography which deal with the study of origin and evolution of landforms.

Question 16.
What are geomorphic processes?
Answer:
The processes that help in the formation of landforms are called geomorphic processes.

Question 17.
Distinguish between erosion and deposition.
Answer;
The transfer of rock particles framed by chemical, physical or biological weathering processes from one place to another by external agencies such as running water, wing, glaciers, sea waves, etc. is called erosion. These materials will be deposited in low lying regions and this process is called deposition.

Question 18.
Identify the external agencies that help in erosion?
Answer:
Running water, wing, glaciers, sea waves.

Question 19.
Place of origin of river is called
Answer:
Source

Question 20.
The place at which river discharges into the sea or water bodies called ……………
Answer:
River mouth.

Question 21.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:

Question 22.
Match the following

Answer:

Question 23.
Point out the features of upper course
Answer:

• Place of origin of the river
• River flows through steep slopes
• Intense rate of erosion
• Less amount of sediments
• No deposition
• Landforms such as valley, waterfall, etc. are seen

Question 24.
What are the features of middle course?
Answer:

• Flows through the foothills
• Both erosional and depositional processes are active
• More sediments are carried down
• Features such as meanders and oxbow lakes are seen

Question 25.
Mention important peculiarities of lower course.
Answer:

• Flows through the plains
• Active depositional process
• The quantity of water, as well as sediments, is high
• Depositional landforms such as flood plains are deltas are seen

Question 26.
Point out the factors affecting the intensity of river erosion.
Answer:

• Velocities of water flow
• Slope of the terrain
• Rock structure

Question 27.
Explain the process of abrasion or corrosion.
Answer;
The rock particles like gravel, sand, pebbles, etc. carried by the river rub against the rocks along the bed and the sides of the river. This results in the wearing down of rocks. Such erosion is known as abrasion or corrosion. Through these processes, the river can polish even hard rocks along its course.

Question 28.
River bed erosion is more prevalent in ………..
a) Upper course of the river
b) Middle course of the river
c) Lower course of the river
Answer:
a) Upper course of the river

Question 29.
Examine the process that results in waterfalls.
Answer:
Waterfalls are generally formed at the upper course of rivers as a result of erosion. Soft rocks are easily eroded in the valleys where soft and hard rocks are found intermingled. This results in the formation of waterfalls.

Question 30.
What do you mean by flood plains?
Answer:
Rivers overflowing their banks during rainy seasons. Flood water may cover extensive areas on both sides of the river. The deposition of alluvium along both the flooded banks may cause the formation of plains. Such plains are called flood plains.

Question 31.
How is deltas formed?
Answer:
Velocity of the river decreases when it nears the river mouth. Most rivers branch out to distributaries at this stage where the volume of both water and sediments is high. The sediments brought by the river are deposited between these distributaries forming almost triangular-shaped landforms called deltas. These features are called as they resemble the Greek alphabet A (Delta).

Question 32.
Name the largest delta in the world.
Answer;
The Sundarbans in West Bengal

Question 33.
Why are the erosional and depositional landforms of underground water mainly confined to limestone region?
Answer;
Rocks like limestone easily dissolve in rainwater which percolates to form underground water. Hence the erosional and depositional landforms of underground water are mainly confined to limestone regions.

Question 34.
Categorize the following based on their formation.
1. Limestone caves
2. Stalactites
3. Stalagmites
4. Limestone Pillars
Answer:
Erosion:
Limestone caves
Depositions:

• Stalactites
• Stalagmites
• Limestone Pillars

Question 35.
Give an example of limestone caves.
Answer;
The Borra caves near Visakhapatnam in Seemandhra

Question 36.
What are coastlines? Give different types of coastlines.
Answer:
Coastal landforms are created by the erosional and depositional processes carried out by the waves. There are two types of coastlines namely.

• Rocky coasts
• Non-rocky coasts

Question 37.
Define sea cliff.
Answer:
The steep hillocks facing the sea are called sea cliffs.

Question 38.
Give an example of sea cliff in Kerala.
Answer:
Varkala beach

Question 39.
Landforms created by wind are mostly seen in
a) Valleys
b) Beaches
c) Deserts
d) Farmlands
Answer:
c) Deserts

Question 40.
What is the process of deflation?
Answer:
The strong whirlwind carry away the dry desert sands from one place to another. This process of wind erosion is called deflation.

Question 41.
What do you mean by barchans?
Answer;
The sand dunes formed in the deserts are as a result of the deposition by wind. The sand dunes commonly formed in crescent shapes are called barchans.

Let Us Assess

Question 42.
Describe the characteristic of different stages in a river’s course.
Answer;
The course of a river can generally be divided into three stages based on the difference in slope from its source to mouth.

• Upper course
• Middle course
• Lower course

Upper course is that part of the river where it rapidly flows down along steep slopes from the place of origin. The intensity of erosion is severe in this course. Middle course is that stage of the river where it flows through gently sloping foothills. As the velocity of the flow decreases, the intensity of erosion declines and deposition begins.
Lower course is the stage where the river flows through the plains. The rate of deposition will be higher due to the slow pace of the river and the increase in the amount of sediments during this stage.

Question 43
Compare the ‘v-shaped’ valleys with ‘u shaped’ valleys based on processes of formation.
Answer:
Deepening of gullies occurs through intense erosion resulting from an increase in the velocity of water flow. The valleys take a distinct shape as a result of the intensity of erosion along the river bed. Such valleys are called V-shaped valleys.

The rate of erosion along the river bed decreases as the river leaves the upper course. However lateral erosion dominates, the river flowing through comparatively gentle slopes takes deviations when the sediments or rock forms create obstruction to the flow. Such bending course of a river is leading to u shaped valleys.

Question 44.
List with example the agricultural and environmental significance of deltas and flood plains.
Answer:
The deposition of alluvium along both the flooded banks may cause the formation of plains called flood plains. Flood plains contain rich and fertile soil suitable for cultivation. Agricultural improvement is possible in flood plains. This has historically led to the development of various civilizations along the flood plains. Flood plains are along the banks of rivers. Thus the area is rich in water availability. The physiography of flood plains is suitable for both agricultural activities and settlement.

Question 45.
Illustrate the formation of mushroom rocks with the help of a diagram
Answer:
As a result of the continued erosion caused by sand and other rock particles carried by strong winds, rocks in deserts get worn down. This process of wind erosion is called abrasion. Figure given below shows here is of a rock formed in this manner. Such rocks seen in deserts resembling mushrooms are called mushroom rocks.

Question 46.
Explain the formation of any two erosional landforms created by glaciers.
Answer:
Glacial landforms are generally confined to the high mountain ranges and the poles. The movement of a glacier along the mountain slope is depicted in the given picture.

Observe the changes happening to the valley at different stages. Different types of valleys as shown in the pictures are formed by glacial erosion. Armchair like valleys so formed are called cirques.

Question 47.
Prepare a table showing the erosional and depositional landforms created by any three external forces.

Answer:

Question 48.
Identify the landforms shown in the pictures and explain how they are formed

Answer:
A — Oxbow lakes:
Meanders are usually formed in the middle and lower courses of wide rivers. The transformation happening to the meanders through further erosion and deposition. Meanders may further curve through continuous erosion and deposition. Finally, the river takes a straight course. The curves may get detached from the main river to form isolated water bodies. Such water bodies are called oxbow lakes.
B — Mushroom Rocks:
As a result of the continued erosion caused by sand and other rock particles carried by strong winds, rocks in deserts get worn down. This process of wind erosion is called abrasion. Figure given below shows here is of a rock formed in this manner. Such rocks seen in deserts resembling mushrooms are called mushroom rocks.

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 3 Indian Constitution: Rights and Duties Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 3 Notes

Indian Constitution Rights And Duties 9th Class Question 1.
Fundamental Rights are very essential for leading a dignified life. Discuss.
Answer:
Fundamental rights are those rights which cannot be denied to a person at any cost. Right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights and right to constitutional remedies are the fundamental rights.

Every individual wishes to lead a dignified life. This is not an easy task. When one gets freedom, equality and relief from exploitation, a dignified in made possible. The constitution provides all these rights to an individual through provision of fundamental rights. Thus it can be seen that fundamental rights are very essential for leading a dignified life.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 2.
Elaborate the list by adding the important measures taken by the government for achieving equality.
1. Untouchability Offences Act 1955
2. ……………….
3. ……………….
4. ……………….
Answer:

1. Untouchability Offences Act 1955
2. Equality before law
3. Abolition of Titles
4. Equality of opportunity in public employment
5. Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, race sex play of birth.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
How does the right against exploitation protect the citizens? Discuss.
Answer;
It is the right of every citizen the enjoyment of freedom. In a democratic country, such freedom has great significance. In India there exist different types of exploitation including child labour. We can see economic exploitation similar to slavery around us. The Right against exploitation is concerned with the prohibition of this type of exploitation and equip the individuals for lead¬ing a dignified life.
As per this right:

• Forced labour and trafficking human beings are prohibited
• Employment of children in factories and other dangerous sectors are forbidden.

Hsslive Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
How does the right against exploitation protect the citizens? Discuss.
Answer:

• Protection form child labour
• Protects citizens form forced labour
• Prohibits human trafficking
• Protects children and women from employment in factories and dangerous sectors

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard History Notes Question 5.
How does right to freedom of religion promote secularism? Discuss.
Answer:
Indian Constitution ensures the right to freedom of religion. This enables people to believe in any religion. The right to freedom of religion ensures the right to protects, practice and propagate any religion. Freedom is also given to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes. The country is not having any official religion. In this way the right to freedom of religion promotes secularism.

9th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Cultural and educational rights help to protect the cultural progress of the nation. Discuss.
Answer:
Every nation expects cultural advancement. India, the land of cultural diversity is particular about it. The Constitution also helps to achieve this goal, by ensuring cultural and educational rights. By education, everyone learn about the cultural diversity of our nation. Similarly one can learn the culture of various regions through education. This knowledge will enable us to improve our cultural aspects and life in this way cultural and educational rights help to protect the cultural progress of the nation.

Class 9 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Analyse the importance of the right to Constitutional remedies.
Answer:
Fundamental rights are to be protected.
The Constitution proposes remedial measures if the Fundamental Rights are violated. This is known as the Right to constitutional remedies. As per this right, if the Fundamental Rights are violated an individual can approach either the Supreme Court or the High Courts for enforcing them. The orders issued by the respective courts for the enforcement of the Fundamental rights are known as writs. Thus the right to constitutional remedies plays significant role in protecting our rights.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 8.
Fill column B with appropriate fundamental rights corresponding to the items given in A.

Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Question 9.
Define Directive Principles. Evaluate their importance.
Answer;
The Constitution directs the central and the state governments to organize and implement programmes keeping the public welfare in mind. Such directives are included in part IV of the Indian Constitution as the Directive Principles.

There is an indivisible relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. Directive Principles are to be implemented for the realization of Fundamental Rights in its full sense. As a criterion which helped the evaluation and betterment of the governmental activities, no one can deny the importance of the Directive Principles.

Social Science Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Find out the Directive Principles which are implemented by the government and list them.
Answer:

• Free legal aid
• Equal pay for equal work to both and women.
• Protection of the education, economic interests of the school’s castes and scheduled tribes.
• Ensuring international peace security.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Social Science Question 11.
Fundamental duties are the responsibility which individuals have to perform towards themselves. Analyze
Answer:
Fundamental Duties are included in Part IV A of the constitution. Certain duties are to be performed by the citizens towards the state to protect the unity and integrity of the nation. These duties are known as Fundamental Duties. When the state provides us rights and protection, it is our duty to abide The Constitution to develop cordiality among the citizens and to provide help for the betterment of the nation.

Accomplishing the fundamental Duties in this manner will create a better society and its result will reach everyone. In effect, the Fundamental Duties can be considered as the responsibilities which the individual have to perform towards themselves.

Std 9 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Prepare a chart containing the fundamental duties.
Answer:

• Stand up while the national anthem is sung
• Protect historical monuments
• Foster cordiality among the people
• Protect the unity and integrity of the nation
• Protect the environment

Let Us Assess

Social Science Class 9 Notes State Syllabus Question 13.
Define fundamental rights
Answer;
Fundamental rights are those rights which cannot be denied to a person at any cost.

Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Which country’s Constitution influenced the formation of Fundamental Rights in India (America, Britain, France) ’
Answer:
America

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Geography Question 15.
What are the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India?
Answer:

• Right to equality
• Right to freedom
• Right against exploitation
• Right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights
• Right to constitutional remedies are the fundamental rights.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf In English Medium Question 16.
Why are certain rights known as Fundamental Rights?
Answer:
Fundamental Rights are those rights which cannot be denied to a person at any cost. They are inevitable for the holistic development of an individual. They are very essential for leading a dignified life. So the Fundamental Rights and their protection are very important in a democratic society.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Notes Question 17.
Which are the ideas included in the Right to Equality
Answer:
The ideas included in the Right to equality are given below:

• Ensure equality before law
• Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, race, sex, place of birth, etc.
• Ensure equality of opportunity in public employment
• Abolition of titles

Question 18.
Which are the different types of freedom given in the Fundamental Right to Freedom? Evaluate its importance.

• Freedom of speech and expression.
• Freedom to assemble peacefully, without arms. Besides these two rights, the following rights are also included in the right to freedom.
• Freedom to form associations.
• Freedom to travel anywhere in India.
• Freedom to reside anywhere in India
• Freedom to carry on any occupation, trade, or business
• Right to life and personal liberty.
• Right to free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of 6 -14 years.
• Protection from arbitrary arrest and detention.

Question 19.
Free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 is a part of which Fundamental Right? (cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Equality, Right to Freedom of Religion)
Answer:
Cultural and educational rights

Question 20.
Which are the areas protected by Right against Exploitation?
Answer:

• Child labor
• Exploitation at job sites
• Forced labor
• Human trafficking
• Dangerous job conditions
• Slavery

Question 21.
Explain the Rights to freedom of religion, analyze how it protects secularism.
Answer:
There is no official religion for India. India does not promote any religion. But religious, freedom is en¬sured by the constitution.
Right to freedom of religion ensures the following.

• Right to professes, practice and propagate any religion.
• Freedom to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.

Question 22.
Which Fundamental right prohibits untouchability? (Right against Exploitation, Right to Equality, Right to Freedom of Religion)
Answer:
Right to equality

Question 23.
Which Fundamental Right mentions about the right ‘ of minorities? (Right to Equality, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Freedom of Religion)
Answer:
Cultural and educational right

Question 24.
Explain how cultural and educational rights protect the interest of minorities.
Answer:
India is a land of diversity. It is inevitable to recognize and respect the diversity for maintaining the unity and development of the country. Hence, our Consti¬tution gives prime consideration for the protection of minority interest. Cultural and educational rights have been included in the Constitution for the protection of the interest of the minority sections. According to this, the following aspects have been ensured for the minorities.

• Protection of their language, script, and culture
• Religious and linguistic minorities have the right to establish and administer educational institu¬tions of their choice.

Question 25.
What is meant by Right to Constitutional remedies?
Answer:
Fundamental rights are to be protected.
The Constitution proposes remedial measures if the Fundamental Rights are violated. This is known as the Right to constitutional remedies. As per this right, if the Fundamental Rights are violated an individual can approach either the Supreme Court or the High Courts for enforcing them. The orders issued by the respective courts for the enforcement of the Fundamental rights are known as writs. Thus the right to constitutional remedies plays significant role in protecting our rights.

Question 26.
Find out the Fundamental right which was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the heart and soul of the Constitution and evaluate its importance.
Answer:
Right to constitutional remedies

Question 27.
Arrange the facts given below in the table.

Answer:
Right to freedom, organization of village panchayaths, protecting the unity and integrity of the nation, cultural and educational rights, prohibition of intoxicating substances protection of historical monuments, ensure international peace and security.

Question 28.
What is meant by writs? Evaluate its importance.
Answer;
The orders issued by the supreme court and the High courts for the enforcement of the fundamental rights are known as writs. Writes are of 5 types. Through writs, the court are protecting the fundamental rights.

Question 29.
Explain the Directive Principles. Analyze how it becomes a criterion for the valuation of the working of the government.
Answer;
The Constitution directs the central and the state governments to organize and implement programmes keeping the public welfare in mind. Such directives are included in part IV of the Indian Constitution as the Directive Principles.

There is an indivisible relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. Directive Principles are to be implemented for the realization of Fundamental Rights in its full sense. As a criterion which helped the evaluation and betterment of the governmental activities, no one can deny the importance of the Directive Principles.

Question 30.
What is meant by fundamental duties?
Answer:
Fundamental duties can be considered as the responsibilities which the individual have to perform towards themselves.

Indian Constitution: Rights and Duties Model Questions and Answers

Question 31.
Name the country which influenced the formulation of our Fundamental Rights
Answer:
a) America
b) France
c) Australia
d) Switzerland

Question 32.
Who is the architect of the Constitution of India?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Question 33.
Did the people of India enjoy rights and liberty during foreign rule? How as India’s response?
Answer:
You might have understood that the Indians have been denied many rights during the British rule. The Indian freedom movement repeatedly raised the demand for ensuring rights of the citizens. The most important among them was the Nehru Committee Report of 1928. This report submitted a list of rights which are to be ensured to the people of India. The framers of the Constitution prepared the Fundamental Rights based on the rights aimed by the struggle for Independence and recommended by Nehru Committee Report.

Question 34.
Read the following news item.
Human Rights Associations for demolishing the ‘Caste Fort’ in Madhyamapuram village.
Delhi: Various Human Rights Associations urged the government to demolish the wall in the north Indian village of Madhyamapuram which was constructed to present the entry of Dalit sections in the residential area of the upper caste people. The discrimination in Madhyamapuram are not confined to caste alone. Denial of entry for. women in streets and restaurants and no entry for outside villagers to this village were also in the’ news early.
What are the different types of discrimination mentioned in the news given above?
Answer:

• Discrimination based on caste
• Gender inequality
• Discrimination based on place of birth

Question 35.
Complete the checklist given below.

Answer:
a) yes
b) yes
c) yes
d) yes
e) yes

Question 36.
Point out the idea of Mahatma Gandhi that have been. included in the Directive Principles
Answer:
Several ideas of the father of our nation, Mahatma Gandhi, have been included in the Directive Principles. Some of them are mentioned below.

• Organization of Grama Panchayaths.
• Promotion of cottage industries
• Prohibiting of intoxicating substances.

Question 37.
Prepare a note on welfare state.
Answer:
A welfare state aims to develop and implement policies for the welfare of all the people. Welfare states aim to provide protection and services for the uplift of the people
as best as they can. A welfare state ensures the fair distribution of public resources, education, and health.

Question 38.
What is the aim of issuing writs?
Answer:
The aim of issuing writs is the enforcement of the fundamental rights.

Question 39.
Point out different types of writs.
Answer:
Write are of 5 types. They are

1. Habeas corpus
2. Mandamus
3. Quowarrantto
4. Certiorari
5. Prohibition

Question 40.
‘Directive Principle are directions’. Justify.
Answer:
As the name indicates, all these are directions. These are the directives to the state, which are to be considered while formulating policies and implementing plans.

Question 41.
What do you mean by equality before law?
Answer:
Equality before law means that all are equal before the legal system. Whatever be the official position and powers, one should not be above the law.

You can Download For a Safer Future Development Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 7 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 7 For a Safer Future Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 7 Notes

9th Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Mention any two benefits from the environment
Answer:

• It provides cool climate
• It helps cultivation of crops

9th Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Prepare a note on environmental protection.
Answer;
Man is just one among the numerous organisms on earth. No other organism on earth depends on other organisms so much for its sustenance. The plants and animals in the environment provide us food, clothing, shelter, medicine, fuel, etc. Like air and water, soil is also important for survival. You have already learnt about ecosystem and food chain. Man is the last kink in the continuous process of evolution in nature.

The interventions of man in nature with selfish motives will have adverse effects. Interaction in nature without disturbing its diversity is an important aspect in the conservation of the environment. Conservation of the environment and its diversity is a must for the healthy sustenance of not only man but all life forms as well.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
What is meant by natural disasters?
Answer;
Disasters occurring due to natural causes are termed as natural disasters.

Hsslive Guru Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What is landslide?
Answer;
During severe rains, large quantity of water seeps into the soil, this exerts pressure on the pores in the soil. Due to the pressure of water, the soil under the loose rocks will move downwards. Due to gravity, the whole or part of the area will collapse with great noise. This phenomenon is known as landslide.

9th Std Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Prepare a list of natural disasters occurring in India.
Answer:

• Cyclone
• Earthquake
• Landslide
• Hailstorm
• Drought
• Lightning
• Tsunami
• Flood
• Avalanche
• Frostbite

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 6.
Identify the most widespread natural disasters in Kerala.
Answer;

• Landslides
• Tsunami
• Earthquakes
• Flood

9th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Discuss the after-effects of landslides.
Answer:
Following landslides, the water that is stored in the soil starts flowing down as streams. Many a time this flow will last only for a few days. But on some occasions, these may become permanent streams. Many of the streams in hilly terrains are formed in this manner. The valleys formed by the continuous erosion by streams will grow in area in course of time. The scientific world believes that such formation of streams is a part of the landform evolution.

9th Class Social Science Notes State Syllabus Question 8.
How are streams formed in the hilly terrains?
Answer:
After the landslide, the water stored in the soil starts flowing down as streams. Many a time this flow will last only for a few days. But on some occasions, there may become permanent streams.

9th Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 9.
What are the unscientific activities along hilly terrains.
Answer:

• Demolishing hillsides for soil.
• Cultivation of crops that need frequent tillage along steep slopes.
• Construction of houses and other buildings along steep slopes.

9th Standard Social Science Guide Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Point out two methods of housing to resist earthquakes.
Answer:

• Adopt seimic resistant construction
• Light roofs are comparatively safe

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 11.
What are the precautions to be adopted to avoid the danger offload?
Answer:
The following precautions may be adopted in order to avert the danger of flood.

• Do not build houses on the river banks.
• Do not reclaim the paddy fields. They are the natural sinks for rainwater.
• Construct bunds on the river banks.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes English Medium Question 12.
Complete the flow chart.

Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 13.
Prepare a note an various government mechanism for disaster management.
Answer:
The Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA) is entrusted with the task of coordinating the disaster mitigation measures in Kerala. Under the authority, the State Emergency Operations Centre (SEOC) supervises the disaster mitigation measures in the various districts. It issues warnings of disaster possibilities and measures to be adopted in the event of emergency situations.

District Emergency Operations Centre (DEOC) is responsible for the disaster management activities of a particular region. Warnings to people are issued through these centers. Their mission is to coordinate the actions of various government departments such as health, law and order, fire force, and public works in disaster management

Social Science Standard 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Prepare a charts showing steps to tackle the natural disasters.
Answer:

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Observe the map of India (page 108) in your textbook and answer the following question.
a) Identify the states/regions where the intensity of the earthquake is more.
b) What is the intensity of earthquake in Kerala?
c) Identify the states where the intensity of the earthquake is less.
Answer:
a) The intensity of earthquake is more: Uttaranchal, Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Assam, Meghalaya, Jammu and Kashmir, and Gujarat.
b) Kerala has average earthquake intensity.
c) Karnataka, Telangana, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh are the states with less intensity.

9th Standard Social Science Solutions Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
If you analyze Kerala based on the intensity of earthquake, what are the things we can understand?
Answer:
The map indicates that Kerala is also prove to earthquakes. Due to frequent occurrence of mild earthquakes, Kerala also is considered as region of high intensity. In these regions, it is advisable to avoid high rise buildings.

Question 17.
Explain the various steps to be followed in the event of flood.
Answer:

• People residing along river banks should move to higher grounds as fast as they can.
• Do not step into rivers in torrent.
• Disconncet electricity if water enters your home.

Question 18.
List down the measures to be adopted in the event of landslide.
Answer:

• Settle down in areas away from steeper slopes.
• Be more cautious during the rainy seasons.

Question 19.
Prepare a list of precautions to be adopted in the event of lightning.
Answer:

• Disconnect electricity.
• Sit on wooden planks or wooden cot without touching the ground
• If outside, sit with chin on your knee.
• Move away from isolated trees.

Question 20.
Explain the precautions to be adopted during Tsunami.
Answer:

• Move away from the coast if you notice anything strange happening in the sea or get some warning in this regard.
• Keep life-jacket or inflated tube with you.

Question 21.
Prepare a list of precautions that are to be taken in the event of earthquake.
Answer:

• Move away from buildings or hoardings that may fall.
• As there are chances of aftershocks do not return home until formal directions are received.
• Open spaces are safe.
• Do not use lifts.
• The inner corners are the safer areas inside the house.
• Keep away from windows.

Question 22.
What are the general measures to be adopted in the event of a natural disaster?
Answer:

• Provide immediate medical aid to the injured.
• Do not believe or spread rumors.
• Keep only precious items or documents along with you.
• Drink boild water only.
• Keep the necessary medicines with you.

Question 23.
Children also can participate in the disaster management. Explain.
Answer:
Prepare and circulate pamphlets and exhibit notices in public places explaining the steps to be adopted by the people in emergency situations. Organize orientation programmes on scientific landse practices.

Question 24.
Why is it said that the land use practice in Kerala should be scientific?
Answer:
Lack of space is one of the crucial problems that Kerala faces. Besides, more than 30% of the total land area of Kerala consists of slopes also.

Question 25.
What are flash floods?
Answer:
The phenomenon of sudden rise of water level following heavy rain in known as flash flood.

You can Download Towards a Bright Future Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 9 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 9 Towards a Bright Future Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 9 Notes

Scert Class 9 Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 1.
What are the problems faced by the society today?
Answer:

• Poverty
• Unemployment
• Lack of shelter
• Insecurity of old age people
• Juvenile crimes
• Crimes against women
• Environmental damages

Scert Class 9 Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Define poverty
Answer:
Poverty is the inability to secure the minimum consumption requirements of life, health and efficiency.

Social Science Class 9 Notes State Syllabus Question 3.
How does unemployment cause poverty?
Answer:
Unemployment is a social problem related to poverty. While a section of people in the world finds employment of any kind, many people cannot find any. Unemployment is a situation in which a person is physically and mentally able and willing to work but cannot get a job. Thus they may fail to secure the basic needs. This will cause poverty.

Class 9 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Identify the problems faced by old a people.
Answer;

• Disaffection
• Disregard
• Loneliness
• Uncertainty
• Economic crisis
• Health problems
• Stress

Social Guide For Class 9 State Syllabus Question 5.
Point out some sorts of violence against women in our society.
Answer:

• Atrocities against women.
• Crime such as denial of the right to education.
• Different wages for the same job.
• Denial of opportunities for proving their abilities.

9 Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
What are the evil effects of intoxicants?
Answer:

• Increase crimes
• Cause mental and physical problems
• Cause family problems
• Cause economic crisis
• Cause accidents, deaths etc.

Social Notes For Class 9 State Syllabus Question 7.
Prepare a note on Juvenile crimes.
Answer:
Crimes among children have become a big social problem. The crimes done by children of below fourteen years of age are called juvenile crimes. They are called juvenile offenders. Different types of such crimes appear in the newspapers. There are many reasons for children to engage in crimes.

1. Defects in family relations
2. Use of intoxicants
3. Misuse of media
4. Deterioration of social values

9 Class Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 8.
What is childline?
Answer:
The childline is an agency under the Ministry of Women and Child Development to identify the problems and difficulties of children and to protect them.

Scert Class 9 Social Science Solutions Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
What are cybercrimes?
Answer:
Crimes using information technology are called cyber crimes.

Social Science Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
The number of people living below poverty line in India are.
a) 20%
b) 21%
c) 22%
d) 23%
Answer:
22%

Std 9 Geography Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
What is meant by a social problem?
Answer:
Problems, whether individual or common that exist for a long time affecting the society, are called social problems. Those problems which affect the society directly or indirectly are considered as social problems.

State Syllabus Class 9 Social Science Question 12.
Analyse the interrelationship of different social problems.
Answer:

• Many of the social problems are interrelated.
• The consequences of social problems have common features.
• Social problems change according to the changing times.
• Joint effort and actions are necessary to solve social problems.

Social Science Textbook Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Pdf Download Question 13.
Identify the measures to prevent juvenile crimes.
Answer:

• Child guidance clinic: The facility helps to find and analyze problems of children.
• Counselling Center: This center helps to provide solutions for the behavioral problems of children.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
What do you mean by unemployment?
Answer:
Unemployment is a situation in which a person is physically and mentally able and willing to work but cannot get a job.

Std 9 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
What is lack of shelter?
Answer:
Lack of shelter is the situation in which an individual is not able to secure and keep a suitable house.

Social Science Class 9 Malayalam Medium Question 16.
Elucidate what is juvenile crimes.
Answer:
The crimes done by children of below fourteen years of age are called juvenile crimes.

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 17.
Who were juvenile offenders?
Answer:
The crimes done by children of below fourteen years of age are called juvenile crimes. They are called juvenile offenders.

You can Download The Signature of Time Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 2 The Signature of Time Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 2 Notes

The Signature Of Time Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
You have recognized from the map that the earthquake zones, volcanoes and mountain ranges overlap. Why is this so?
Answer:

• The crust, which is the outermost layer of the earth is solid.
• The crust, together with the upper part of the mantle, is the lithosphere.
• The lithosphere exists as several fragments just like the broken shell of an egg.
• Compared to the thickness of the portion from the crust to the inner core, the lithosphere is very thin.
• The portions of the lithosphere which are several thousand kilometers wide and roughly, 100 kilometers thick are called lithospheric plates.
• Whether big or small, each plate contains oceanic as well as continental areas.

The Signature Of Time Class 9 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Observe the following figures.

Zones of severe earthquakes:

Volcanic Zones:

Can you mark the information in each of the above maps in a single map? Don’t forget to use different colors or symbols for each type of feature.
Answer:

Hss Live Guru 9th Geography Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Look at the following diagrams and find out different movements of the lithospheric plates.

Answer:
a) Divergent margin: Plates move apart from each other.
b) Convergent margin: Plates move towards each other.
c) Transform margin (sheer margins): Plates slide past each other

Hss Live Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What is the average thickness of the lithosphere?
Answer:
The average thickness of the lithosphere is 100 kilometers.

Hsslive Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
The following are the pictures of some landforms formed due to plate movements.

Identify their respective plate margins.
Answer:
a) Convergent margins. Fold mountains are formed along the convergent margins, eg. Himalaya.
b) Divergent margins: Magma comes out through the gap formed due to the divergence of plates and solidifies to form mountains.
Eg. Mid Atlantic Ridge.

Hsslive Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Identify the Plate margins where the World’s major fold mountains are formed?
Answer:
Fold mountains are formed along the convergent margins. The Himalayas, the Alps, the Andes, the Atlas, etc are all folded mountains. The Himalaya fold mountain is formed between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian plate.

Hsslive Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Identify and mark the focus and epicenters in the given diagram

Answer:
A – shows the epicenter B – shows the focus

Social Science Class 9 Notes State Syllabus Question 8.
Collect the details of earthquakes that have occurred since 2005.
Answer:

Let Us Assess

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 9.
Identify the different plate margins. Which are the associated landforms:
ANswer:

• There are three types of plate margins. They are Divergent margin, Convergent margin and Trans-form margin.
• Divergent margin: Plates move apart from each other. Oceanic ridges are formed.
• Convergent margin: Plates move towards each other. Fold mountains and ocean trenches are formed.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 10.
Answer the following questions based on earthquakes.
a) How are earthquakes formed?
b) Which are the different types of seismic waves?
c) Which seismic wave causes maximum destruction on the earth’s surface?
d) On what scale are earthquakes measured?
Answer:
a) The processes that take place in the interior of the earth cause in the storage of energy in some portions in the Earth. Earthquakes occur on those instances. When this energy is bring released.
b) i. Primary waves
ii. Secondary waves
iii. Surface waves
c) The surface waves are the most destructive.
d) In Richter scale

9th Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
What does the term’ the Pacific Ring of Fire’ mean?
Answer:
Nearly 80 percent of the world’s volcanoes are situated around the Pacific Ocean. This zone containing more than 452 volcanoes is therefore known as ‘the Pacific Ring of Fire’.

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Explain the various instances where volcanoes are useful to man.
Answer:

• Though the volcanic eruptions are threats to human life. The regions where it occurs are useful to man.
• These areas are rich in minerals. The Black soil that formed as a result of volcanic eruption is very suitable for cotton cultivation.
• The hot springs that are found on volcanic mountains are supposed to have healing properties.
• Volcanic ash is a good manure.
• Geysers are formed in many volcanic regions.
• These places have been developed as tourist spots. They are known as spas.

The Signature of Time Model Questions and Answers

Hsslive Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Analyze the maps given in textbook and make a list of the conclusions that you have reached.
Answer:

• Earthquakes are comparatively frequent in certain parts of the earth.
• Volcanoes are more common in certain specific places.
• There are some peculiarities in the distribution of mountains.
• Earthquake zones and distribution of mountains on the earth’s surface more or less coincide.

Hsslive Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Define Lithosphere. What is its important feature?
Answer:
The crust, together with the upper part of the mantle is known as the Lithosphere. The portions of the Lithosphere which are several thousand kilometers wide and roughly 100 kilometers thick enable to exist the life on the earth. Lithosphere exists like a broken eggshell. It consists of 7 major plates and about a dozen of minor plates.

Hss Live Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Define Lithospheric plates?
Answer:
The portions of the Lithosphere, which are several thousand Kilometres wide and roughly 100 Kilometres thick are called Lithospheric plates.

Hss Live Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
Identify and list the different lithospheric plates from the following map.

Answer:

1. Pacific plate
2. Australian plate
3. North American plate
4. South American plate
5. Eurasian plate
6. African plate
7. Antarctic plate

9th Standard Social Science Map Kerala Syllabus Question 17.
Complete the following

Answer:

1. Major plates
2. Minor plates

Question 18.
Write the names of the landforms that are created along the plate margins by the movements of plates?
Answer:

• Fold Mountains
• Seafloor
• Ocean Trenches
• Oceanic Mountain Ranges

Question 19.
Classify the following into major and minor plates.
1. Pacific
2. Cocos
3. Arabian
4. Eurasian
5. Scotia
6. African
Answer:
Major plates:
1. Pacific
4. Eurasian
6. African
Minor plates:
2. Cocos
3. Arabian
5. Scotia

Question 20.
The plates move at a speed of cms a year.
Answer:
2 to 12 cms

Question 21.
Analyze the figure given below summarise your findings

Answer:

• The lithospheric plates are situated above the asthenosphere which is in a semi-plastic state.
• Magma, which is a part of the mantle, remains molten due to the high temperature at the earth’s interior and undergoes continuous convection.
• The plates move due to convection. As a result of this, new ocean floors and subduction zones are formed.

Question 22.
What do you mean by subduction zones?
Answer:
Due to difference in density between the plates along a convergent margin, the denser plate will submerge under the lighter one. These zones are called subduction zones.

Question 23.
Who put forward the idea of continental drift.
Answer:
Alfred Wegener

Question 24.
Prepare a flow chart based on plate margins.
Answer:

Question 25.
Complete the following flow chart.

Answer:

Question 26.
Which are the Earth Movements that cause a lot of destruction to the mankind?
Answer:

• Volcanic eruptions
• Earthquakes

Question 27
Give examples of fold mountains.
Answer:

• The Himalayas
• The Alps
• TheAndes
• TheAtlas

Question 28.
How does the Earthquake occur?
Answer:
Rocks in the deeper interior of the earth undergo displacement and faults due to the plate movements and other causes. Under such situations, severe pressure is exerted on the earth’s lithosphere and seismic waves are generated. These waves create tremors on the earth’s surface: These are experienced by as Earthquakes.

Question 29.
Write down the various reasons for the Earthquake.
Answer:

• Plates movements and faulting
• Collapse of roofs of mines
• Pressure in reservoirs
• Volcanic eruptions.

Question 30.
What is developed in subduction zones?
Answer:
Ocean trenches are developed in subduction zones.
Eg. The Challenger Deep in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 31.
Prepare a note on the Continental Drift Hypothesis.
Answer:
Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, put forward the idea of continental drift in 1912. He argued that millions of years ago, all the present-day continents were a single unit forming supercontinent named Pangea which was encircled by an ocean called Panthalassa. Wegener believed that over millions of years, the continental portions drifted over the ocean floor forming the present continents.

Some recent studies indicate that mostly all the continents on earth come together once in every 500 million years. It is believed that the most recent for¬mation of Pangea was about 200 million years back, which means that we will have to wait for another 300 years for the next Pangea

Question 32.
What is seafloor spreading?
Answer:
New ocean floor is continuously being created as a result of magma that comes out through the divergent margins and solidification along the edges of the plates. This results in the phenomenon called seafloor spreading.

Question 33.
Prepare a table showing earth’s major fold mountains? Where have they formed?
Answer:
Fold mountains → Plates
Himalayas → Between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian plate.
The Andes → Between South American and the Nasca plates.
The Alps → Between Eurasia and African plates.
The Atlas → Between Eurasia and African plates.

Question 34.
Give an example of fault zone.
Answer:
The San Andreas Fault Zone in North America.

Question 35.
The plate margins are generally vulnerable. Why?
Answer:
The plate margins are generally vulnerable to earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults. This is because the plate margins are weaker than other areas.

Question 36.
Prepare a table showing the features of earthquakes having different intensities.
Answer:
The features of earthquakes having different intensities

Question 37.
Give two examples of sudden movements of the earth.
Answer:

• Earthquakes
• Volcanic eruption

Question 38.
How are volcanoes formed?
Answer:
The plate margins are active with volcanoes. The hot molten rock that comes out through the fissures on the crust. Volcanoes are formed by such molten rock material coming out through the fissures along the plate margins.

Question 39.
How are earthquakes formed?
Answer:
Rocks in the deeper interior of the earth undergo displacement and faults due to plate movements and other causes. Under such situations, severe pressure is exerted on the earth’s lithosphere and seismic waves are generated just like waves in a pond spreading, in all directions when a heavy object falls into it. These waves create tremors on the earth’s surface. These tremors are experienced by us as an earthquake.

Question 40.
Name the most destructive type of seismic wave.
Answer:
The surface waves

Question 41.
Point out the relief features on the surface of the earth due to the movement of plates.
Answer:

• Volcanoes
• Plateaus
• Fold mountains

Question 42.
Give reasons for the occurrence of earthquakes.
Answer:

• Plate movements
• Faulting
• Collapse of roofs of mines
• Pressure in reservoirs
• Volcanic eruptions.

Question 43.
Distinguish between focus and epicenter.
Answer:
The deep points inside the earth where the earth-quake occurs are known as focus and the point vertically above it on the earth’s surface is known as epicenter.

Question 44.
The seismic waves are recorded by
Answer:
Seismograph

Question 45.
Which was the most severe earthquake occurred? What was its intensity?
Answer:

• The earthquake that occurred in Chile.
• It recorded an intensity of 9.5 in the Richter Scale.

Question 46.
Find out and prepare a note on different types of Vol-canoes?
Answer:

• Active Volcanoes: The frequently erupted Volcanoes. Eg. Mount Fujiyama in Japan
• Extinct Volcanoes: Active at a time. But will not erupt again. Eg. Kilimanjaro in Africa
• Dormant Volcanoes: Volcanoes that have erupted earlier and not active in the recent past. But can become active. Eg. Vesuvius in Italy

Question 46.
What are the three types of waves produced from Focus during the Earthquake? Which is the most destructive among them?
Answer:

• Primary waves
• Secondary waves
• Surface waves
• The surface waves are the most destructive.

Question 47.
What is Seismograph?
Answer:
It is an instrument used to record the seismic waves.

Question 48.
The word ‘Tsunami’ means.
Answer:
Harbourwaves

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National Income Textual Questions and Answers in Malayalam

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Kerala State Syllabus Class 9th Standard Social Science History Chapter 6 Notes Malayalam Medium ഇന്ത്യ, മധ്യകാല ഇന്ത്യയിലെ സമന്വയത്തിൻ്റെ നാട്

India, the Land of Synthesis Textual Questions and Answers in Malayalam

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 3 National Income Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 3 Notes

National Income Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.

(Source: IMF World Economic Outlook October-2015)
The above table shows the national incomes of a few
countries during three years. Observe the table and
answer the following questions.
a) Find out the countries which have the highest and the lowest national income in 2014.
b) Compared to 2013, which countries have achieved economic growth in 2014?
c) Compared to 2013, which countries have failed in achieving economic growth in 2014?
d) What change can be seen in the economic growth of India from 2010 to 2014?
Answer:
a) The country USA has the highest national income and Brazil has the lowest national income in 2014.
b) Compared to 2013, the USA, China, and India have achieved economic growth in 2014.
c) Compared to 2013, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, France, and Brazil have failed in achieving economic growth in 2014. (The national income of Italy in 2013 given in the textbooks is not correct.)
d) The National income of India in 2010 was 1875.20 billion dollars. In 2013, it was 2051.20 billion dollars and in 2014 it was 2182.60 billion dollars. Compared to 2013, India has achieved better economic growth in 2014.

9th Class Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Gross National product considers only the final product. Find out more examples.
Answer:
Gross National Product is an important concept of national income. It is calculated on the basis of the final goods and services produced in a country. The products that are available for consumption are called the final product. For example, we manufacture shirts using raw materials such as cloth, thread, and buttons. Here, the shirt is the final product for consumption. The money value of final products is taken into account for calculating the Gross National Product. While calculating the money value of the shirt, the value of raw materials such as buttons and clothes are included.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 3.

(Source: Central Statistical Office)
Answer the following questions based on the above table
a) Which sector has made the highest contribution to India’s GDP in 2011 – 2012? What is the contribution of the same sector in 2013-14?
b) Which sector has contributed the least to national income in 2012 – 2013 and 2013 -14?
c) What is the position of the industrial sector in 2011 -12,2012 -13 and 2013 -14?
d) What other information can be drawn from the table?
Answer:
a) In 2011 – 2012, the service sector made the highest contribution to India’s GDP. The contribution of the service sector in 2013 – 2014 was 57%
b) Agriculture and allied sectors contributed the least to national income in 2012-2013 and 2013 -2014.
c) The position of the industrial sector is second in 2011 – 2012, 2012 – 2013 and 2013 – 2014.
d) The share from the industrial sector is slowly decreasing every year. The share of the agricultural sector to India’s GDP shows a slight decrease in 2012 -2013 compared to 2011 – 2012. But it increased in 2013-2014. The service sector made the highest contribution to India’s GDP in all the three periods.

National Income Model Questions and Answers

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 4.
Define national income
Answer:
National income is the money value of all goods and services produced in a country during a financial year.

9th Class Social Science Textbook Question Answer Question 5.
What are the objectives of calculating national income?
Answer:

• To calculate the economic growth of a country.
• To compare the economic growth of different countries.
• To asses the contribution of different sectors in the economy.
• To study the problems faced by the economy.
• To help the government in planning and implementing different projects.
• To find out the limitations and advantages of economic activities like production, consumption and
• distribution.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Name the three sectors of an economy
Answer:

• Agriculture sector
• Industrial sector
• Service sector

Social Science 9th Class Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Prepare a table for understanding the activities that come under each sector.
Answer:

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Match the following

Answer:

Std 9 Geography Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
In India, the financial year is
a) From January 1 to December 31
b) From June 1 to May 31
c) From April 1 to March 31
d) From March 1 to December 31
Answer:
c) From April 1 to March 31

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 10.
What is Net National Product
Answer;
When we deduct depreciation charges from the Gross National Product, we get the Net National Product. Technically, the Net National Product is considered as national income.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 11.
What is per capita income? What is its importance?
Answer:
When we divide the national income by population, we get per capita income. It helps to know the economic position of a country and compare it with other countries.

Percapita income = \(\frac{\text { National income }}{\text { Total population }}\)

Social Science Class 9 Notes State Syllabus Question 12.
Percapita income =

Answer:
b) \(\)\frac{\text { National income }}{\text { Total population }}[/latex

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 13.

Answer:

9th Class Social Science Malayalam Medium Question 14.
Match the following

Answer:

Question 15.
Prepare a flow chart showing interest between production, income, and expenditure.
Answer:

Question 16.
Explain the income method for estimating national income.
Answer:
Income method is the reward received for the factors of production. In income method, national income is calculated based on rent, wages, interest, and profit, which are the rewards for factors of production. This method is helpful in analyzing the contribution of each factor of production to the national income.

Question 17.
What is the product method for estimating national income?
Answer:
Under the product method, the national income is calculated by adding up the money value of goods and services produced by the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. It is useful for assessing the contribution of each of these sectors towards the national income. It is also used to analyze which sector contributes the most to national income.

Question 18.
What are the functions of the Central Statistical Office in India?
Answer:
income of India. The estimation is done mainly for the purpose of planning and development activities of the government. It also helps to understand the nature of the employment sectors and the types of employment of the people are engaged in.

Question 19.
Define a knowledge sector
Answer:
The knowledge sector in the sector which efficiently uses knowledge and technology to attain economic growth.

Question 20.
Point out factors forming basis of knowledge
economy
Answer:

• Education
• Innovation
• Information and communication technology

Question 21.
Prepare a note on intellectual capital.
Answer:
Intellectual capital is the collective knowledge of all the people in an enterprise or a society. It is an invisible asset.

Question 22.
Today, as a part of the tertiary sector, growth of services based on knowledge is happening on a large scale. Substantiate this statement.
Answer:
People giving expert advice on shares and taxes, software experts, etc. are part of this sector. Top business executives, researchers, scientists, expert policymakers, economic experts, etc. strengthen this sector. The government also gives priority to the development of the knowledge sector. Initiatives of Govt, of Kerala like the Infopark and Technopark, are examples for this.

Question 23.
India has achieved immense progress in information and communication technology. There are some favorable factors which can help India grow further in this sector. What are they?
Answer:

• Human resource, including technical experts who are well versed in the English language.
• Wide domestic market.
• Strong private sector.
• Development of science and technology.
• Favourable attitude of the government.
• Increase of foreign investment.
• Better employment opportunities.

Question 24.
What do you mean by depreciation charges?
Answer:
The cost incurred to remedy the wear and tear of machinery is termed as depreciation charges.

Question 25.
Which among the following is not included in national income.
a) Services of teachers
b) Services of migrant workers
c) Services of housewives
d) Services of domestic servants
Answer:
c) Services of housewives

Question 26.
The income of people working abroad and the profit of institutions and firms operating abroad will not be included while calculating the Gross Domestic Product. Why? Explain with an example.
Answer:
The GDP of a country is the total money value of the final goods and services produced within the domestic territory during a financial year. The income of people working abroad and the profit of institutions and firms operating abroad will not be included while calculating the Gross Domestic Product.

Let Us Assess

Question 27.
Which among the following is not an important objective in estimating national income?
a) To study the economic problems
b) To help in formulating government plans
c) To calculate the population of a country
d) To analyze the contribution of different sectors
Answer:
c) To calculate the population of a country

Question 28.
Which among the following concepts of national income considers the domestic territory of a country?
a) GNP
b) GDP
c) Per capita income
d) NNP
Answer:
b) GDP

Question 29.
Write short notes on the following
a) Main concepts of national income
b) CSO
c) Knowledge economy and India
Answer:
a) Main concepts of national income Gross National Product: Gross National Product is an important concept of national income. It is calculated on the basis of the final goods and services produced in a country. The products that are available for consumption are called the final product. For example, we manufacture shirts using raw materials such as cloth, thread, and buttons. Here, the shirt is the final product for consumption. The money value of final products is taken into account for calculating the Gross National Product. While calculating the money value of the shirt, the value of raw materials such as buttons and clothes are included.

Gross Domestic Product – GDP Gross Domestic Product is the most suitable concept of national income to analyze the contribution of sectors in an economy. The GDP of a country is the total money value of the final goods and services produced within the domestic territory during a financial year. The income of people working abroad and the profit of institutions and firms operating abroad will not be included while calculating the Gross Domestic Product. For example, suppose an Indian firm operates in America. The profit of that institution will be included in the Gross Domestic Product of America but in the Gross National Product of India. That is to say while calculating the GDP of India, such income will be excluded.

Net National Product – NNP If you purchase a computer and sell it the next year, will you get the same amount that you spent while purchasing it? Why? Similarly, with time, machinery and other things suffer from wear and tear. The cost incurred to remedy this wear and tear is termed as depreciation charges. The depreciation charges are taken into consideration while calculating the national income. When we deduct depreciation charges from the Gross National Product we get the Net National Product. Technically, the Net National Product is considered as national income.

Net National Product = Gross National Product – Depreciation charges

Per Capita Income:
When we divide the national income by population, we get per capita income. It helps to know the economic position of a country and to compare it with other countries.
b) The Central Statistical Office (CSO) is the official agency that estimates the national income of India. The estimation is done mainly for the purpose of planning and development activities of the government. It also helps to understand the nature of the employment sectors and the types of employment the people are engaged in. In India, we make use of the product, income, and expenditure methods to estimate the national income.

c) Knowledge economy and India: The knowledge sector is the sector which efficiency uses knowledge and technology to attain economic growth. Today, modern technology and information & communication possibilities have grown and developed into knowledge economy. Education, innovation, and Information & Communication Technology (ICT) form the basis of knowledge economy. In knowledge economy, production and consumption of intellectual capital take place.

Question 30.
Explain the main methods of estimating National Income.
Answer:
There are three methods for estimating national income. They are:

• Product method
• Income method
• Expenditure method

Product method:
. Under the product method, the national income is calculated by adding up the money value of goods and services produced by the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. It is useful for assessing the contribution of each of these sectors towards the national income. It is also used to analyze which sector contributes the most to national income.
Income method:
You know that income is the reward received for the factors of production. In income method, national income is calculated based on rent, wages, interest, and profit, which are the rewards for factors of production. This method is helpful in analyzing the contribution of each factor of production to the. national income.
Expenditure method:
The expenditure method is used to estimate the national income by calculating the expenditure incurred by individuals, firms, and government in a particular year. In Economics, just like consumption expenditure. The summation of consumption expenditure, investment expenditure, and government expenditure, gives the total expenditure. Estimation of national income using any of the above three methods will give the same results.

Question 31.
Write four limitations in estimating the national income of India.
Answer:

• Lack of reliable statistical data creates difficulty in estimating national income.
• There is a chance of calculating the money value of goods and services more than once (double counting) while they pass through different stages of production.
• Service of housewives is not included in national income.
• The production of goods for self-consumption is not included in the estimation of national income. Example, vegetable garden at home.
• Ignorance and illiteracy of the people create problems in collecting statistical data.
• The practical difficulty in assessing the money value of services impede (obstruct) the correct estimation of national income.
• Consumers seldom maintain records of expenditure incurred by them

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 6 India, the Land of Synthesis Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 6 Notes

India The Land Of Synthesis Kerala Syllabus 9th Questions 1.
The sufis helped to maintain relations among different religious during ………. and ………. periods.
Answer:
Sultanate and Mughal

India The Land Of Synthesis Notes Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 2.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Mention the features of early Bhakti traditions.
Answer:

• Its propagators were the saints who were Bhakti poets.
• Challenged the conservative Brahmanictraditions.
• Provided representation to the lower castes and women.
• Rendered contributions in the field of culture and music.

Hsslive Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Where did Bhakti movement emerged at first?
Answer:
Tamil Nadu

Hsslive Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Discuss the role played by Alwars and Nayanars in propagating the Bhakti movement in South India.
Answer:
The Bhakti movement emerged at first in Tamil Nadu. This movement was led by the Alwars and the Nayanars. The always were Vaishnavites and the Nayanars, Saivites. They composed and propagated devotional songs. Both the Alwars and the Nayanars opposed caste inequalities. Among them there were women saints also. The woman saint Andal was one of the famous Vaishnavite saints. Another woman saint Karakkal Ammayarwasa Saivite.

Hss Live 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Prepare a flow chart showing ideas of Virasaiva movement.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard History Notes Question 7.
Name the leader who made tremendous contribution to Vachana Sahityam
Answer:

• Basavanna
• Allamaprabhu
• Akka Mahadevi

Hsslive Guru 9th Social Science Question 8.
Examine the role of the idea of Kabir in promoting religious harmony among different sections of people.
Answer:
A part of the Doha (meaningful couplets) of Kabir, who was an important figure in the Bhakti Movement is given above. He reminds that the Hindu and the Muslim are two wares made out of the same soil and he tried to promote brotherhood between Hinduism and Islam. The aim of Kabir was to propagate a religion of love uniting people of all castes and religions.

He strongly opposed all discriminations on the basis of caste, religion, class, family and wealth. He focused on the unity of humanity and vehemently opposed caste system and untouchability. He rejected idol worship, pilgrimages and bathes in holy rivers. He was not in favor of forsaking family life for accepting sainthood. The ideas of Kabir developed through discussions and deliberations on the basis of the Bhakti – Sufi traditions.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Name the women who were active in Bhakti movement.
Answer:

• Mirabai
• Lalded
• Bhahinabai
• Akka Mahadevi

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 10.
Prepare a note on the ideas of Guru Nanak.
Answer:
Guru Nanak was another preceptor who focused on the idea of monotheism. He tried to combine the ideas of Hinduism and Islam. He was a spokesman of the ideals of religious tolerance and universal brotherhood. He opposed the rituals of both Hinduism and Islam. He said that one has to maintain purity in character and behavior to reach God. He vehemently opposed idol worship and pilgrimages.

He promoted a middle path which permitted spiritual life along with the responsibilities of a householder. The prayer songs known as ‘Shabad’ were the contribution of Nanak. He strongly opined that all human beings are equal and hence there is no need of caste distinction among them. He instructed his followers to have food from the common kitchen (lunger). He also instructed that the people from all castes could take food from the lunger. The ideas of Nanak later led to the emergence of Sikhism.

9th Class History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
What are the changes brought about by the Bhakti movement in the social system of India?
Answer:
Even though the Bhakti Movement evolved with the aim of dedication to God, it created certain qualitative changes in the Indian social system. The propagators of the Bhakti cult, through their words and songs, maintained that everyone was equal in front of God.

This strengthened the concept of social equality against caste discriminations. The idea of gender equality also began to take shape. The idea of social equality got wide popularity since the Movement was led by low caste people like Thiruppana Alwar, Kabir, and Lalded. Regional languages developed. Evil practices were questioned.

Hsslive Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Complete the table.

Answer:

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Conduct a seminar on the topic the cultural life of medieval India/Areas to be considered:
1. Regional languages
2. Music
3. Painting and architecture.
Answer:
Growth of Regional Languages:
The propagators of the Bhakti – Sufi movements spread their ideas through their vernacular languages. This was to enable the common people to understand them. This resulted in the growth of the regional languages. The two forms of Hindi – Braj (Vrije language) and Awadhi were used as spoken languages. Many languages such as Punjabi, Kannada, Telugu, Oriya, Assamese, Marathi, Bengali, Sindhi and Malayalam evolved during this period. In almost all parts of the country, Persian was the court language of the medieval period. Hence many Persian words can be found in many regional languages.

Out of the relationship between Persian and Hindi, a new language, Urdu, came into being. Urdu is the most important example of the cultural synthesis of India during the medieval period. Urdu, which was spoken in the Deccan, was. strongly influenced by the languages such as Telugu and Marathi. Gradually Urdu became the most popular spoken language of the towns. In the Western Coast, merchants used Arabic. Soon it began to influence the regional languages of that area. Because of the influence of the Arabic language, a new mixed dialect, Arabi – Malayalam, evolved in Kerala.

People also used Sanskrit during the Middle Ages. Sanskrit was used in the court of Vijayanagara on festive occasions. Sanskrit prevailed as the language of higher education. The popular literature of Sanskrit such as the Puranas, Ramayana and the Mahabharata were available in the regional languages. The Persian literature influenced some poets and writers of the period. The most notable Persian writer of the period was Amir Khusrau. His love towards India and the pride of being an Indian is clearly revealed through the content of his works.

During this period a large number of Indian works were translated into Persian language,. Ramayana, Mahabharata, Atharvaveda, Upanishads, etc. belong to this category. The historic chronicle of Kalhana, Rajatarangini, was translated into Persian during the reign of the Kashmir king, Zain-ul-abin.

Hindi received tremendous impetus during the medieval period. Ramananda and Kabir delivered their moral advice in Hindi. The dohas of Kabirwere the finest example of Hindi literature. The Sursagar of Surdas, Ramacharitamanes of Tulsidas, the Bhajans of Mirabai and Padmavati of Malik Muhammed Jayasi enriched Hindi language.

Music:

It was during the medieval period that music was enriched with different forms. Considerable progress was attained by the Carnatic music, the musical style of South India. The famous Carnatic musician of the period was Naik Gopal. A large number of musicians migrated from Deccan to North India during the medieval period. During the same period, a new music style evolved in North India, due to the influence of Persian music. It came to be known as the Hindustani music. Amir Khusrau, who lived in the Sultanate period was one of the famous Hindustani musicians of the Sultanate period.

Amir Khusrau received training in different aspects of Indian music from the Carnatic musician, Naik Gopal. The medieval rulers were patrons of this category of music. New forms of music emerged during this period. The techniques of Persia were experimented in Indian music. The singing styles such as Khayal and Thumri got popularity. Many musical instruments like sitar, sarangi, tabala, etc.also became popular. The special interests of some Sufis in singing also were responsible for this. It was through the Sufi saints that Khayal and Gazal became widespread in India.

The musical works of Sanskrit were translated into Persian during this period. The work on Music Ragadarpan was translated into Persian during the regime of Firoz Shah Thuglaq. Emperor Akbar was a great lover of music. Abul Fazl states that 36 musicians were patronized by Akbar. The most famous among them was Tanzen. The Durbar raga, which enriched the Hindustani music was his contribution. The work Sangeeta Ratnakaram authored by Sarngadevan of the 13th century was an important contribution of medieval India to music. The camatic music of South India was influenced by the Persian and Arabic music during the Vijayanagara rule.

Architecture and Painting:

Architecture and painting attained progress in India during the medieval period. Itwasduringthe medieval period that the new styles of architecture such as Dravida, Nagara, Indo- Persian, etc. developed. The blending of different sculptural styles was a specialty of the age.

The painting style that came into vogue during the Mughal period is known as miniature painting. This is the style of drawing pictures like the pictures in books. It was a combination of both Indian and Persian styles.

The Mughal Emperor Humayun contacted Persian artists, and Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdu Samad wer brought to his court. The Mughal style of painting was developed by them.

Painting competitions were organized in the royal institutes (Kharkhana) during the region of Akbar. people from different sections participated in them. The stories of Mahabharata were completely compiled into a series of paintings called Raznama by Daswant Who lived during the period of Akbar. Indian subjects and natural scenes gradually became the themes of painting. The painters of the period showed their proficiency in drawing the pictures of birds and animals. The quality of paintings increased considerably during the reign of Jahangir. Bishandas and Abul Hassan were the greatest painters of the period. Kalyandas was a painter during the period or Shajahan.

There were groups of painters during the medieval period. They were from many parts of India such as Gujarat, Kashmir, Deccan, etc. Their paintings were influenced by their respective regional styles. Their paintings were based on the themes of the puranas and stories of both India and Persia. The wall paintings of that time were also remarkable. The wall paintings on the Tanjore temple during the period of the Cholas were an, important feature of medieval painting. The Rajasthani style was another style developed during this period. It was a combination of the traditional and the Mughal styles of painting.

The cultural synthesis shaped in medieval India brought many changes in the history of India. The greatest models of this synthesis wer Din-i-llahi and Sikhism emerged from among the people. The new styles introduced in the fields of architecture, painting, literature, and music enriched the mixed culture of India. People from different regions of India, followers of different religions and institutions did make their contributions to this cultural synthesis.

Hss Live Guru 9th History Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Explain the features of Sufi movement in the medieval period.
Answer:
The Sufis were those who showed reluctance to luxurious life and gave predominance to spiritual life. They consider devotion as a means to reach close to the God.
They preached to respect all human beings. The Sufi saint was known as Pir or Shaikh and his follower Murid. The residences of the Sufis are known as Khanqahs. The devotional songs reciting in the Sufi centers are the Qawwalis.

Hss Live Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Match the following table

Answer:

Hsslive Guru Social Science Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 16.
How did Urdu language emerge?
Answer:
Out of the relationship between Persian and Hindi, Urdu came into being.

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