Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 8 Kerala towards Modernity

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 8 Kerala towards Modernity

Kerala towards Modernity Text Book Questions and Answers

The European domination in Kerala began with the arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th century. The Europeans who came for trade eventually became the rulers. The arrival of the Europeans had its impact on various fields. Among the Europeans who came to Kerala, it was the English who established a suzerainty here. Various sections of people conducted resistance struggle against the English domination and their exploitation. Even though the British suppressed this resistance, it enhanced the national spirit of the Indians. The English designed a colonial economy also.

Kerala towards Modernity Question 1. Conduct a discussion on the arrival of Europeans to Kerala and the objectives for their arrival.
Answer:
The Portuguese were the first European team arrived in Kerala. They came to Kozhikode in 1498 and wanted Samoothiri to exclude the Arab traders. As Samoothiri denied this demand, they shifted to Kochi. The Dutch team arrived and expected the Portuguese from Kerala in 1663. The Dutch were defeated by Marthanda Varma in 1741 in Kulachil war. Another European power France was also defeated by the English force in the Karnatic war. All these European powers came to Kerala to enrich their trade relation. However, only the English could withstand. Finally, the trade monopoly came to the hand of the English force.

Kerala Towards Modernity Sslc Notes 10th Question 2.
Explain the circumstances how Malabar Kochi and Travancore were brought under East India Company. Prepare a note.
Answer:
Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan from Mysore arrived in Kerala when the land was administered by local rulers and chieftains. Tipu took over the control of Malabar. The rulers of Kochi and Travancore sought the help of the British to save their states from Tipu’s invasion. Henceforth, it was in the English East India Company that the local chieftains found their hope. The rulers of Kochi and Travancore, too, considered the British as their savior.

The Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley enabled the British to bring the native states under their control easily. The British ruled Malabar directly according to the terms of the Treaty of Srirangapattnam. Travancore and Kochi accepted the paramountcy of the British.

Kerala towards Modernity SSLC Question 3. Prepare a table showing early rebellion against the British and their leaders.
Answer:

Rebellion	Leaders	Places
Pazhassi’s rebellion	1. Pazhassi Raja 2. Champaran Pocker 3. KaitheriAchu nair 4. Thalakkal Chandu 5. Edachena Kunkan nair	Malabar Wayand
Veluthampi’s Rebellion	Veluthampi Dawala	Travancore
Paliyathachan’s Rebellion	Paliyathachan	Kochi

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 4.
Observe the table and summarise your findings about Kerala’s foreign trade

Export	Import
Coconut	Textiles
Jaggery	Tobacco
Cashew	Kerosine
Pepper	Sugar
Arecanut	Metal product
Iron ore

Answer:

• Kerala exported products for industries in Britain and markets in Europe.
• Spices occupied important place in Kerala’s ex-port.
• Finished products were the major import items.

Kerala towards Modernity Notes Question 5. Point out the steps taken by the British to enhance trade facilities and their effects.
Answer:
The British amended trade policies prevailed in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore favorable to them. Improved the transportation facilities by constructing more roads, bridges, and railways. Developed ports in Kochi, Kozhikode, and Alappuzha to facilitate water transportation.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Malayalam Medium Question 6.
Analyze the changes taken place in agriculture sector as a result of commercialization.
Answer:
The British government encouraged cultivation aim-ing their markets. The encouraged coconut cultivation since there was demand for coconut products in foreign markets. In hill areas cash crops like coffee, tea, rubber were cultivated in large volumes. Majority of these plantations belonged to the British. In short, Kerala was made a place of commercial crop cultivation.

Kerala Towards Modernity Pdf 10th Question 7.
Prepare a note on plantation and traditional industries developed in different parts of Kerala and the factors that contributed to their growth.
Answer:
Plantation and traditional industries — Region
Tea, coffee, rubber — Wayanad, Idukki
Coconut oil, coir — Alappuzha
Cashewnut — Kollam
Tile Faroke — Kollam, Olloor
Handloom — Kannur, Kozhikode
Beedi — Kannur

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Prepare a flow chart showing industrial progress during the British period.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 9.
Narrate the circumstances for the development of English Medicine in Kerala.
Answer:
The spread of contagious diseases was responsible for gaining importance to this system of medicine in Kerala. “English Medicine” was very effective in preventing contagious diseases like smallpox and cholera which took away the lives of many thousands. There was a time when people dreaded vaccination against smallpox. The royal family of Travancore came forward to create an atmosphere among people conducive to the preventive measures by accepting vaccination against smallpox.

The princes of Travancore and Cochin created facilities for preventive measures and thus took a position different from the areas directly under the British rule. They established hospitals and extended facilities for treatment in attempts useful to people. Travancore registered much progress in this field through adopting a scientific policy of public health, by ensuring healthcare. at low cost, by facilitating education, etc.

The social reformers played a crucial role in the formation of modern Kerala. They could eradicate the social evils, superstitions and the inequality existed in the society. There were many struggles in Kerala which opposed the isolation of civil rights.

Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Evaluate how the activities of renaissance leaders brought social changes in Kerala.
Answer:

• Gave practical form to social change.
• Works of renaissance leaders for the creation of modem Kerala.
• Influence among’ the social workers of the later period.
• The activities against superstitions and caste system led to social transformation

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Question 11.
Evaluate the role of channar Revolt, Vaikkom Satyagraha, and Guruvayursatyagraha to bring about social change in Kerla.
Answer:
social change. The Channar women of southern Travancore fought for the right to cover their upper body. As a result, Uthram Thirunnai Maharaja was forced to permit the channar women to weer jackets in 1859.

The Vaikkom Satyagraha (1924), led by T.K. Madhavan was one of the major struggles that took place in Kerala for claiming the right to travel. Ex-pressing solidarity with the satyagraha, Mannath Padmanabhan organized the Savarna Jatha. Following this struggle, the lower castes secured permission to travel through the reads around the Vaikom temple.

Similarly under the leadership of K. Kelappan, an agitation was launched demanding entry for all castes of kindly into Guruvayoortemple (1931) A.K. Gopalan was the volunteer captain of this struggle. P. Krishna Pillai was callously attacked during this satyagraha. Following these popular protests, the temple entry proclamation was announced on 12 November 1936 in Travancore.

The national struggle which held for India’s independence was strong in Kerala also. The national struggle was so strong in Malabar because Malabar was under the direct control of the British. But the struggle was strong in Kochi and Travancore also. Along with Indian National Congress, the Khilafat movement, Kochi Rajya Prajamadalam, and the community’s party strengthened India’s national struggle for independence.

Std 10 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Prepare a flow chart comprising the important political protests that took place in Malabar, Travancore, and Kochi.
Answer:
The national movement in Kerala looked a unified form as the state was not administratively united.

Malabar:

Kochi:

The formation of Kerala was the ultimate result of various factors combining together. Modern Kerala is a model even to the world in various fields. Public health, public instruction, public distribution system, public transport, literacy activities, decentralization of power, etc., are certain examples for these achievements

Kerala Syllabus 10th Social Science Question 13.
Analyze the circumstances that led to the formation of the united Kerala.
Answer:
The Congress to set up state Congress Committees on linguistic basis. Taking it is into consideration the first Kerala state political conference was held at Ottappalam in 1921 under the presidentship of T. Prakasam. Later Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee came into existence uniting Travancore, Kochi and Malabar regions. The Payyannur Congress conference chaised by Jawaharlal Nehru conceded a resolution demanding the reorganization of Kerala as a distinctive state after independence.

The United Kerala Resolution was passed both in the united Kerala conventions held at Thrissur and Aluva in 1947. Consequently the state of Thirukochi was formed on I July 1949 by joining Travancore and Kochi. E.M.S. Namboodiripad in his book, ‘Onnekalkodi Malayalikal’, placed the idea that the Kerala state was to be formed combining the Malayalam speaking regions. The state of Kerala came into existence on I November 1956 unifying Malabar, Kochi, and Thiruvitamkur as per the recommendation of the state recognization commission.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Question 14.
Prepare a magazine collecting information from various sources on the achievement of Kerala in the field of land reform, public health, education, etc.,
Answer:
land reform, public health, education, decentralization of power, etc., are the important fields where Kerala achieved tremendous progress. These are the major features of Kerala. Through land reforms, restriction was made land available to the landless. District- table-Primary health centers and government medical colleges are examples for the progress achieved

Let Us Assess

10th Class Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Match the following:

A	B
The Portugese	Attingal Riot
The Dutch	Kamaticwars
The French	Battle of colachal
The	Struggles of Kunjali Marakkar

Answer:

A	B
The Portugese	Struggles of Kunjali Marakkar
The Dutch	Battle of colachal
The Frechn	Kamaticwars
The British	Attingal Riot

10th Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
How did English East India get dominance in Kerala?
Answer:
There was lack of unity among the provinces in Kerala. The company could therefore easily suppress the resistance of people in Kerala. They also started educational institutions and hospitals. All these helped them to establish domination in Kerala.

10th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 17.
Complete the list by finding out the persons related to the events given from the names given in brackets.

(Dr. Palpu, GP. Pillai, Pazhassiraja, K. Kelapan, K.B. Menon, Sreenarayana Guru, Veluthampi Dawala, T.K. Madhavan)
Answer:
Kundra Proclamation : Veluthampi Dawala
Vaikkam Satyagraha : T.K. Madhavan
GuruvayoorSatyagraha : K. Kelapan
Keezhariyoor Bomb case : K.B. Menon
Malayali Memorial : G.P. Pillai

Social Science Notes Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 18.
List out the reformation movements and prorwara swcwiopws in Kerala to eradicate social inequalities and evils.
Answer:

Social Reformers	Reform movements/ Activities
Vaikunda Swamikal Chattampi Swamikal	Samatwa samaj Fought against casteism and other evil customs and practices
SreenarayanaGuru	Formed SNDP
Kuriakose Alias, Chavara	Established orphanages and schools
Ayyankali	Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangam
Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulaivi	Travancore Muslim Mahajana Sabha
Vagbhadanandan	Athmavidya samgam
SahodranAyyappan	Sahodra Sangam
Pandit K.P. Karupan	Arya Samajam
Mannath Padmanaphan	Nair Service Society
V.T. Bhatathiripad	Yogakshema Sabja
Kumara Guru Deven	Prathyaksha Reksha Daiva Sabha

Strikes: Channar Revolt, Vaikkom satyagraha, Guru vayoor satyagraha.

Kerala Towards Modernity In Malayalam 10th Question 19.
National movement in Kerala had no uniformity. Find out the reasons.
Answer:
The national movement in Kerala locked a unified form as the state was not administratively united. The British ruled the Malabar region directly, whereas Kochi and Travancore were indirectly ruled through the president. Because of this reason, political agitations were not active in Kochi and Travancore as in Malabar.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Notes Question 20.
Give a detailed account of the events that led to the united Kerala.
Answer:

• The Nagpur session of the Congress held in 1920.
• The first Kerala State Political Conference held ofOttapalam in 1921.
• Formation of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee.
• The Payyannur Congress Conference.
• The united Kerala conferences and the united Kerala resolution.
• Formation of the state of Thiru-Kochi in 1949.
• Formation of the state of Kerala in 1956.

Kerala towards Modernity Model Questions & Answers

Question 21.
Discuss the freedom movements in Kerala after 1920.
Answer:
The history of Kerala witnessed several freedom movements especially after 1920. The movements include the following.

Non-Cooperation Movement and Salt Satyagraha:
As decided at the Nagpur session (1920), NonCooperation movement was started throughout the country. In Kerala, too, there was widespread boycott of foreign goods, courts, and educational institutions. The Malabar Rebellion of 1921 and the student’s agitation of 1922 in Travancore were events of great political significance during this period.

The Salt-Satyagraha under the leadership of Gandhiji had its own repercussions in Kerala. Payyannur in Malabar was the main venue of the Satyagraha in Kerala. Many batches of Satyagrahis from different parts of Kerala marched to Payyannurto take part in the Satyagraha.

Quit India Movement:
The Quit India Movement launched in August 1942 was widespread in Cochin and Malabar, though not so extensive in Travancore. During the Quit India Movement, there were sensational and violent incidents in Malabar involving disruption of communication and attack on government offices and police stations. The Keezhariyur Bomb case, in which 27 persons including Dr. K.B. Menon, Socialist leader and Secretary of Indian Civil Liberties Union were charge-sheeted, was the important episode of the struggle in Malabar. Even underground papers like ‘Swathantra BharatanT were brought out during the struggle.

Agitation in Travancore and Cochin:
After the Haripura session of the Indian National Congress which decided that separate organizations should be formed in native States for the agitation for responsible government, the Travancore State Congress and the Cochin State Praja Mandal were formed.

Question 22.
Kerala could make notable achievements in the health sector. What are your suggestions to maintain this?
a) Ensure the supply of pure drinking water,
b) Establish intensive cleaning programme.
c) Intensity preventive measures of diseases.
d) Provide medical facilities to all in less expense.
e) Make essential medical facilities in all Primary Health Centres.

Question 23.
Narrate the developments that led to Kurichiya rebellion.
Answer:
The British overthrew the traditional land revenue collection system and made several experiments in this field. They wanted to collect as much revenue as possible in India. British reversed the revenue system of Malabar and framed out the collection of revenues to different Rajas for lump sums. The assessments were very high and the people found it difficult to pay the land revenue.

Pazhassi Raja boldly decided to challenge the British authority and to resist their attempt to collect taxes. After the suppression of the Pazhassi revolt, Wynad was brought under the strict control of the British. The Kurichyas and Kurumbas were subjected to untold abuses and privations. The British revenue settlement was the most unkindest cut on the life of the tribal people. The rate of land revenue was exhortation and its method of collection in cash was harsh. In short, the Kurichia rebellion was a good example popular rebellion against the British supremacy.

Question 24.
What was the taxation policy followed by the British government?
Answer:
The stranglehold of revenue system heightened its grip on other articles of daily use besides taxes on land, salt, tobacco, etc. Houses, shops, cattle, ferry, fishing net, looms, toddy, arrack, knives, etc. were important among them. In effect, nothing was spared from the grip of the Government. About fifty more different faxes were imposed.

The British tried to collect huge amounts through petty taxes. Let us have a look at the sufferings of the people on account of them. Women who earned their livelihood by collecting firewood from the forests were not permitted to take home the same without paying the tax. Those who had to cross rivers had to pay a tax. Many who tried to swim across to evade tax were drowned in the river.

Question 25.
What is Pandarappattam Proclamation?
Answer:
During the time of Marthanda Varma, state-owned * land (Pandaravaka) was leased out to Christian and Muslims on rent. Later, Ezhavas and other backward communities were also given land. The purpose of it all was to increase the revenue of the State treasury by expanding agriculture. Resources to maintain the British army and to pay tributes to the British had to be raised. This was the inspiration behind the proclamation. The rich agriculturists tried to graduate their possession right into right of ownership. Clamors were made to this end. Finally, the Government of Travancore conceded this right. Through the Pandarapattam proclamation, those who possessed state-owned land got rights of ownership and inheritance.

Question 26.
The peasant uprising of Malabar was known as,
a) Kurichia rebellion
b) Mappila uprisings
c) Freedom struggle
Answer:
Mappila uprisings

Question 27.
What were the circumstances which led to the emergence of severe opposition to the English East India Company among the people of Malabar?
Answer:

• The Company’s declaration that both the rulers and their subjects should be under their control.
• Increase in tax
• Exploitation policy of the Company

Question 28.
State the reasons why Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja led revolution against foreign domination?
Answer:
Pazhassi Raja acted as an ally of British in their * Mysore invasions. They gave the right to collect taxes from Kottayam to the king of Kurumbanadu. Provoked by this Pazhassi blocked the whole revenue system. The British proceeded to take action against Pazhassi. They tried to annex Pazhassi’s territories to British India. Hence Pazhassi Raja attempted to eliminate colonial power through guerilla warfare with the assistance of his soldiers including Kurichyas the tribal community of Waynad.

Question 29.
How did the agricultural reforms implemented by the British cause the peasant revolts in Malabar?
Answer:
Muslim peasants in Malabar revolted throughout the 19th century against the land tenurial system introduced by the British. The fact that the landlords who fled from Malabar, during Tipu’s invasion were again made landowners by the British and heavy taxes imposed on peasants were the cause of the revolt. The government neither take any steps to increase the fertility of the land nor tried to use the wasteland for cultivation. The British compelled the peasants to cultivate plantation crops like cashew nut and rubber in the place of traditional crops like pepper.

Question 30.
Why was the peasant uprisings of Malabar called ‘Mappila uprisings’?
Answer:
The revolts against the British in Malabar were the culmination of the protests of the Mappila tenants, agricultural laborers, artisans, petty traders, etc., overa period of time. The involvement of the ordinary people in this struggle was noteworthy. A sizeable number of the peasants of Eranad and Valluvanad taluks of Malabar were Mappila Muslims. It was they who participated in these struggles. Hence these up-risings were called ‘Mappila uprisings’ by the British.

Question 31.
What were changes effected by the Pandarappattam and Janmi-Kudiyan Proclamations? To what extent did they help the peasants?
Answer:
The Janmis got the right to evict the tenants who failed to pay such high rents and passing the lands to new tenants. They began attempts to evict actual cultivators from agricultural lands. The British officials, police, and judiciary stood for assisting the activities of the landlords in Travancore and Cochin. The problems of the tenants continued unaltered. Their resistance grew into protests. Organized peasant movements came forward to take up their issues during the period by the Freedom Movement and after.

Question 32.
What was the result of Channar Revolt?
Answer:
Vaikundaswamikal, who gave leadership to the move- menttoputan end to the disabilities of the Channar community in the Travancore region. It was he who provided the Channar sections with strong minds capable of fighting, by making them recognize their social position through making use of the educational opportunities inaugurated by the missionaries. The Channar women created history by staging a struggle for the right to wear upper clothes. The Channar Revolt for gaining this right, begun in 1822, came to a successful end in 1859. It was following this prolonged struggle that the Maharaja had to issue an order allowing Channar women to wear upper clothes.

Question 33.
Analyze the impact of British rule on Kerala’s trade, industry, and agriculture.
Answer:

• There was tremendous growth in foreign trade and Kerala has become a part of global market.
• Land relationships changed considerably and agriculture was commercialized.
• Large number of industries were established.
• Commercial crops were cultivated at large in plantations.
• Along with plantation corps, traditional and modern industries also grew up.

Question 34.
Match the following.

A	B
Malabar Revolt	1930
Salt Sathyagraha	1921
Malayali Memorial	1896
Ezhava Memorial	1891

Answer:

A	B
Malabar Revolt	1921
Salt Sathyagraha	1930
Malayali Memorial	1891
Ezhava Memorial	1896

Question 35.
Match column B and C with A.

A	B	C
Vaikkom Sathyagraha	EMS Namboothiripad	1930
Guruvayoor Sathyagraha	K.P. Keshavamenon	1921
Salt Sathyagraha	A.K. Gopalan	1931
Peasant revolt	K. Kelappan	1946
United Kerala Movement	Punnapra Vayalar	1949

Answer:

A	B	C
Vaikkom Sathyagraha	K.P. Keshavamenon	1930
Guruvayoor Sathyagraha	A.K. Gopalan	1921
Salt Sathyagraha	K. Kelappan	1931
Peasant revolt	Punnapra Vayalar	1946
United Kerala Movement	EMS Namboothiripad	1949

Question 36.
Prepare a time line showing events that aimed to form a united Kerala
Answer:

Question 37.
Who were the leaders of ‘Salt Sathyagraham’ that conducted in Kerala in 1930? (Prepare a short not on the struggles that took place in Kerala as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement)
Answer:
In Kerala, strong programs of propaganda were organized as part of Salt Satyagraha, A batch of volunteers under the leadership of K Kelappan took out a procession from Calicut to Payyanuron foot to break the Salt Law. Another group under the leader-ship ofT.R. Krishnaswami lyertoo went there. The processions proceeded accepting greetings of people on route.

The style of the struggle underwent a change following the arrest of the Mahatma on 5th May. The police brutally suppressed the satyagrahis who came to break the salt Law at Calicut beach on 12th may Mohamed Abdul Rahiman Sahib, P. Krishna Pillai, R.V. Sharma, T.R. Krishnaswami Iyer, and K. Madhavan Nair were sentenced to rigorous imprisonment.

Question 38.
Evaluate the role of Renaissance leaders with could create a progressive society in Kerala.
Answer:
a) Vaikunda Swamikal: He realized the ‘hollowness of caste system’ and installed a mirror in the temple to enlighten the people the oneness of the godliness.
b) Chattambi Swamikal: He opposed the caste system and propagated the vision of ‘Adwaida’ means oneness of godliness. Swamikal was known as ‘Sarva Vidyarthi raja’
c) Sree Narayana Guru: Sree Narayana Guru is the symbol of love and humanity. He stood strongly against the priesthood of Brahmins, their nobility and the caste system and propagated equality and humanity of man. He exhorted the people to be strong by unity and to awaken by knowledge.
d) Ayyankali: Ayyankali played a prominent role to instill self-confidence and sense of unity among them. He spoke for the right to enter government schools. He organized and prepared the agricultural laborers to struggle for their rights who were subjected to all kinds of exploitation.
e) Vakkom Abdul Khadar Moulavi: The leader among Muslims who propagated modern education among Muslims. He took initiative to eliminate the evils of religious customs.
f) V.T. Bhattathirippad: He was a nobleman of modem thought. He raised his voice against evil customs in Namboodiri community and worked for the freedom of women.
g) Sahodaran Ayyappan: He tried to prove that polytheism was irrational and fought against alcoholism and exploitation of peasants and for this started interdining. All these leaders were trying to reform the society.

Question 39 (Qn. Pool-2017)
Who were the foreign traders who had trade relations with Kerala before the coming of the Europeans?
Answer:
Arabs, Chinese

Question 40. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Arrange the following in chronological order,
i) Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch in the Colachel War.
ii) British defeated the French in the Karnatic Wars.
iii) The Dutch defeated the Portuguese.
Answer:
I – iii
II – i
III – ii

Question 41. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate how commercialisation of agriculture influences the agricultural sector of Kerala.
Answer:

• Market-driven cultivation
• Encouraged coconut cultivation
• Reduction in rice production
• Food scarcity
• Spread of cassava cultivation
• Plantation crops in the hilly area

Question 42. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the situation that led to the Attingal Revolt.
Answer:
The natives who were furious over making Anchuthengu fort an important military base killed about 150 English men who were on their way to hand over gifts to the queen of the Attingal in 1721. This is known as Attingal Revolt.

Question 43. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which was the first organized revolt against the British in Kerala?
Answer:
Attingal Revolt.

Question 44. (Qn. Pool-2017)
According to which treaty did Malabar come under British dominance?
Answer:|
Sreeranga Papattanam Treaty of 1792.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate circumstances that made native rulers and chieftains turn against the British.
Answer:
After attaining political dominance, the British started to interfere in the powers of the kings and the landlords. The interference in the freedom and privileges that the native rulers and chieftains enjoyed for centuries invited antagonism.

Question 46. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the circumstances for Kerala coming under British dominance around the eighteenth century.
Answer:

• According to the Sriranga pattanam Treaty of 1792, Malabar came under the British dominance.
• In 1792, Kochi Raja accepted British supremacy and was forced to pay tribute.
• As per the treaty of 1795, Travancore also admitted the British dominance.
• Thus by the 18th century, the British ruled Malabar directly and Kochi and Travancore indirectly.

Question 47. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What made Pazhassi Raja turn against the British?
Answer:
The refusal of the British to honour promise given to Pazhassi Raja for his assistance during the Mysore War, entitling Pazhassi Raja to collect tax from Kottayam region.

Question 48. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Elucidate the circumstances that made Veluthampi and PajiyathAchan enemies of the British.
Answer:
The uncontrolled intervention of the British in the internal affairs of Travancore and Kochi made the Diwan of Travancore Velu Thampi and of Kochi Paliyath Achan the enemies of the British.

Question 49. (Qn. Pool-2017)
In what name is Veluthampi’s call for armed fight against the British known?
Answer:
Kundara Proclamation

Question 50. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which were the measures adopted by the British to increase and control foreign trade?
Answer:

• Trade laws that existed in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore were amended by the British in favor of them.
• Introduced unified coinage and metrology system.
• Built roads, railways and bridges to improve transport facilities.
• Developed the ports of Kochi, Kozhikode, and Alappuzha.

Question 51. (Qn. Pool-2017)
“The changes made by the British in the pattern of land ownership in Malabar made the life in the peasants miserable”. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Local chieftains and landlords were made owners of the land.
• Taxwaspre-determined. .
• The local chieftains collected huge amount as tax from tenants.
• The tenants were evicted.
• Life became miserable for tenants.

Question 52. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The implementation of which act gave a limited right over the land of the tenants in Malabar.
Answer:
The Malabar Tenant’s Act of 1929.

Question 53. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What were the changes made in the land relationship in Travancore during the time of Marthanda Varma?
Answer:

• Land owned by landlords were converted into government (Pandaravaka) property.
• The Pandara Patta Vilambaram of 1865 gave the tenants ownership of the land they cultivated.
• The tenants in Travancore got ownership of the land through the Janmi KudiyanActof 1896.
• By virtue of this act the tenants in Travancore became small landowners in limited scale.

Question 54. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why is it said that the National Movement in Kerala did not have a unified form?
Answer:
Kerala was not politically unified.

Question 55. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Match the following
A — B
i) 1865 — a) Malabar Tenants Act
ii) 1914 — b) Pandarapatta Vilambaram
iii) 1929 — c) KudiyanmaAct
Answer:
i – b,
ii – c,
iii – a

Question 56. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Some traditional industries started in Kerala during British dominance and their major centers are given below. Match them.
A — B
i) Coir Industry — a) Thrissur
ii) Cashew Industry — b) Kannur
iii) Tile Industry — c) Alappuzha
iv) Handloom Industry — d) Kollam
Answer:
i – c,
ii – d,
iii – a,
iv – b

Question 57. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the features of the judicial system introduced in Kerala by the British.
Answer:
Instead of punishing the accused on the basis of his caste, after hearing the accused, unified punishment was given depending on the nature of the guilt. All were considered equal before law.

Question 58. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a small essay basest on the reform movements and social changes.
Answer:
Untouchability and unapproachability prevailed in Kerala where caste system was strong. Evil practices and superstitions prevailed in all communities. Modern education and western thoughts motivated the educated people to fight against this injustice. Channar revolt by Channar women for the right to cover the upper part of the body, consecrations of the Siva idol at Aruvippuram are examples for this.

Vaikom Satyagraha under the leadership of T.K. Madhavan and Saravarna Jatha under the leadership of Mannath Padmanabhan won the right for lower caste people to walk on the road near the temple. The Guruvayoor Satyagraha under the leadership of P. Krishna Pillai and A.K. Gopalan, the Travancore Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936 followed by temple entry proclamation of Kochi and Malabar gave right for the lower caste to enter the temples.

Question 59. Qn. Pool – 2017)
Which book of EMS Namboodiripad put forward the idea of the formation of Kerala including Malayalam speaking regions?
Answer:
Onnekal Kodi Malayalikal

Question 60. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Some social reformers and the organizations led by them are given below. Match them properly.
Social Reformers — Organisations
i) Vaikaunda Swamikal — Prathyaksha Raksha DaivaSabha
ii) Ayyankali — Samathwa Samajam
iii) Vaghbhadanandan — SadhuJana Paripalana Sangham
iv) Kumara Gurudevan — Atmavidhya Sangham
Answer:
i – b,
ii – c,
iii – d,
iv – a

Question 61. (Qn. Pool-2017)
“In the cultural arena of Kerala, British influence is evident’’. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Beginning of printing
• Service of the Jesuit missionaries
• Dictionary and grammar book
• The concept of education for all irrespective of caste.
• Early Malayalam newspapers
• Beginning of schools and colleges.

Question 62. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Complete the table given below based on the indicators given.

Answer:
i) Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
ii) Pandit K.P. Karuppan
iii) Thiruvithamcore Muslim Mahajana Sabha
iv) Nair Service Society

Question 63. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the civil disobedience movement of 1930 and the subsequent incidents,
Answer:

• Civil disobedience movement became powerful in Kerala. In Malabar under the leadership of K. Kelappan, in Payyannurand under the leadership of Muhammad Abdul Rahman Sahib in Kozhikode salt law was violated.
• Boycott of foreign goods, picketing of liquor shops, propagation of Khadi all become powerful.
• When civil disobedience movement was stopped some leaders joined the socialist party.
• In 1939, under the leadership of P. Krishna Pillai, A.K. Gopalan and EMS Socialist Party was reorganized as Indian Communist Party.
• Communist Party led the peasants and workers to fight against the British Raj.
• Strong agitation related to Quit India Movement started in Malabar.
• Keezhiyoor Bomb Case was a significant episode.

Question 64.
(Qn. Pool-2017)
Arrange the following events chronologically
1. Punnapra-Vayalar Protest
2. Malayan Memorial
3. Ezhava Memorial
4. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
Answer:
a). Malayali Memorial
b) Ezhava Memorial
c) Formation of the Travancore State Congress
d) Punnapra-Vayalar Protest

Question 65. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which Congress session passed the resolution demanding the formation of the Kerala State after independence?
Answer:
Payyannur Congress Session

Question 66. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The national movement in Kerala lacked a unified form’. Substantiate this statement analyzing the activities of the national movements in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore.
Answer:

• For evaluating the national, movements in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore,
• Non-Co-operation movement, Malabar Rebellion, SaltSathyagraha, Quit India Movement.

Question 67. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the factors that led Kerala to come under the English East India Company?
Answer:

• Sriranga pattanam Treaty in which Malabar come under the British.
• To resist the invasion of Tipu, the princely state of Travancore and Kochi joined the Subsidiary Alliance.

Question 68. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a short note on the contributions of missionaries in spreading modern education in Malabar.
Answer:

• Activities of Herman Gundert
• Schools established in places like Kozhikode and Thalassery.

Question 69. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate how the involvement of Renaissance leaders resulted in social changes.
Answer:

• Provided practical form to social change
• Involvement of reform leaders for the creation of modern Kerala.
• Influence on the later social reformers
• Initiatives against superstition and caste system resulted in social changes.

Question 70. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the timeline given below.

Answer:

Question 71. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following table.

Answer:

Resistance against the British	Leaders	Reason	Location/Incidents	Year
Pazhassi Revolts	Pazhassi Raja; Chempan Pokker, Kaitheri Ambu Nair, Edachena Kunkan Nair, Talakkal Chandu	1. Denial of the right to collect tax in Malabar 2. Claim over Wayanad	Malabar	1793 – 1805
Revolt of Veluthampi	Veluthampi ‘ Dalawa	Uncontrolled Intervention of the British in the internal affairs	Kundara Procla- mmation	1809
Revolt of Paliyathachan	Paliyathachan		Kochi	1809

Question 72. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following diagram.

Answer:

Question 73. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following timeline.

Answer:

Question 74. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the Comparison table.

Satyagrahas	Year	Objectives	Leaders
Vaikkom Satyagraha	?	For the right to travel	?
Guruvayoor Satyagraha	?	On the roads around the Vai kom Temple	?

Answer:

Satyagrahas	Year	Objectives	Leaders
Vaikkom Satyagraha	1924	For the right to travel	T.K.Madhavan Mannath Padmanabhan
Guruvayoor Satyagraha	1931	On the roads around the Vaikom Temple	K.Kelappan, A.K.Gopalan, P. Krishna Pillai

Question 75. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the table.

Social Reformers	Movements
1. Vaikunda Swamikal	1. ?
2. ?	2. Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
3. Ayyankali	3. ?
4. ?	4. Admavidhya Sangham
5. Sahodaran Ayyappan	5. ?
6. ?	6. Araya Samaiam

Answer:

Social Reformers	Movements
1. Vaikunda Swamikal	1. Samathwasamaiam
2. Sree Narayana Guru	2. Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
3. Ayyankali	3. Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham
4. Vaghbhadanandan	4. Admavidhya Sangham
5. Sahodaran Ayyappan	5. Sahodaraprasthanam
6. Pandit K.P. Karuppan	6. Araya Samajam

Question 76. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the given time line related to the national movement in Kerala.

Answer:

Question 77. (Orukkam 2017)
Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
2. United Kerala Convention
3. The formation of Kochi-Rajya Prajamandalam
4. Ottappalam Conference
Answer:
1. Ottappalam Conference
2. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
3. The formation of Kochi-Rajya Prajamandalam
4. United Kerala Convention

Question 78.
Explain the events that led to a united Kerala.
Answer:

• Nagpure congress committee in 1920.
• First Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee in 1921.
• Payyannur Congress Committee.
• United Kerala Convention
• Merger of Travancore and Cochin.
• Formation of Kerala State in 1956.