Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Chemistry Chapter Wise Previous Questions and Answers Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life.
Kerala Plus Two Chemistry Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life
Question 1.
Antibiotics, antiseptics, and disinfectants are antimicrobial drugs. (March – 2010)
i) Give two examples of antibiotics.
ii) Write one similarity between antiseptics and disinfectants.
iii) Write one difference between antiseptics and disinfectants.
Answer:
i) Penicillin, Tetracyline
ii) Both antiseptics and disinfectants are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms.
iii) Antiseptics can be applied to living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers, and diseased skin surfaces. But disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage systems, instruments, etc. They are harmful to live tissues.
Question 1.
The doctor prescribed to use antacid for a person who was suffering from acidity in the stomach. (Say – 2010)
a) What is the function of antacid?
b) Explain the reason for acidity in the stomach.
c) What are the commonly used antacids?
Answer:
a) To remove the excess acid in the stomach and raise the pH to the appropriate level.
b) Acidity in the stomach in the presence of excess hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice.
c) Sodium hydrogen carbonate, mixture of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, Calcium carbonate etc.
Question 1.
Detergents are used to remove oil and dirt from surfaces. (March – 2011)
a) What are synthetic detergents? Give an example.
b) What are anionic, cationic, and non-conic detergents? Illustrate with examples.
c) A synthetic detergent is used as a dishwasher. To which of the above type would it belong?
Answer:
a) Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents which have all the properties of soaps, but which actually do not contain any soap. e.g. Sodium lauryl sulphate
b) Anionic detergents are sodium salt of sulphonated long-chain alcohols or hydrocarbons. Example: Sodium lauryl sulphate. Used in toothpaste. Cationic detergents are quarternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates. Used in hair conditioners. e.g. Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide. Non-ionic detergents do not contain any ion e.g. Liquid dishwashing detergents.
c) Non-ionic detergents.
Question 1.
Drugs play an important role in health maintenance. Analgesics and Antibiotics are two important drugs. (Say – 2011)
a) Define each.
b) Give one example for each.
Answer:
a) Analgesics – These are drugs used to reduce pain, eg. Paracetamol
Antibiotics – These are chemical substances produced by microorganisms like bacteria, which can inhibit the growth or even destroy other microorganisms.
b) Example for Analgesics – Aspirin (Non-narcotic), Morphine (Narcotic).
Example for Antibiotics – Penicillin
Question 1.
Different drugs have different therapeutic actions in our bodies. Write the therapeutic action of the following drugs in our body. (March – 2012)
i) Tranquilizers
ii) Analgesics
iii) Antibiotics
Answer:
i) Tranquilizers are chemical substances used to cure mental diseases or disorders and to reduce mental stress. They can act on higher centres of central nervous system and induce sleep to the patients. e.g. luminal, seconal, valium.
ii) Analgesics are the chemical substances which are used to relieve or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, incoordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of the nervous system. e.g. Aspirin, Novalgin
iii) Antibiotics are the chemical substances which are produced by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, molds etc. which can inhibit the growth or even destroy other microorganisms. e.g. Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin.
Question 1.
Antiseptics, disinfectants and antibiotics are antimicrobial drugs. (Say – 2012)
i) What is the major difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?
ii) Write one example each of antiseptics and disinfectants.
iii) What are antibiotics?
Answer:
i) Antiseptics are chemical which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms and can be applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.
Disinfectants are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms and can be applied only to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage systems, instruments etc. They are harmful to living tissues.
ii) Example for Antiseptic – Dettol Example for Disinfectant -1 % solution of phenol
iii) Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms like bacteria, fungi and molds that inhibit the growth or even destroy other microorganisms. e.g. Pencillin.
Question 1.
a) Chemotherapy is a term found in medical terminology. What is chemotherapy? Write example? (March – 2013)
b) Synthetic detergents are classified into three categories.
i) What are the three categories?
ii) To which of the above categories of synthetic detergents, does the liquid dish washing detergents belong?
Answer:
a) It is the branch of chemistry which deals with the treatment of disceases using suitable chemicals.
b) i) Synthetic detergents are mainly classified into three categories:
1) Anionic detergents
2) Cationic detergents and
3) Non-ionic detergents
ii) Liquid dishwashing detergents are non- ionictype.
Question 1.
Tranquilizers and analgesics are neurologically active drugs. (Say – 2013)
a) What are tranquilizers? Give one example.
b) What are analgesics? Give one example.
Answer:
a) Tranquilizers are a class of chemical compounds used for the treatment of stress, and mild orever severe mental diseases. These relieve anxiety, stress, irritability or excitement by inducing a sense of well-being. They form an essential component of sleeping pills.
e.g. Chlordiazepoxide, Meprobamate
b) Analgesics are drugs used to reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, incoordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system.
They are of two types: Non-narcotic analgesics e.g. Aspirin and Narcotic analgesics e.g.Morphin.
Question 1.
a) Antibiotics are classified into broad-spectrum antibiotics and narrow-spectrum antibiotics. Write one example each for these antibiotics.
b) Write one similarity and one difference between antiseptics and disinfectants.
Answer:
a) Broad-spectrum antibiotic – Chloramphenicol Narrow spectrum antibiotic – Penicillin G
b) Similarity
Both are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms.
Difference
Antiseptics are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. Disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage syste, instruments, etc.
Question 1.
Match the chemical terms shown in column I with the chemicals shown in colum II. (Say – 2014)
| Column I | Column II |
| i) Antacid ii) Antihistamine iii) Artificial sweetner iv) Bactericidal antibiotic v) Bacteriostatic antibiotic vi) Disinfectant |
a) Terfenadine b) Ranitidine c) Tetracycline d) Aspertame e) 1 % phenol solution f) Ofloxacin |
Answer:
| Column 1 | Column II |
| i) Antacid ii) Antihistamine iii) Artificial sweetner iv) Bactericidal antibiotic v) Bacteriostatic antibiotic vi) Disinfectant |
b) Ranitidine a) Terfenadine d) Aspartme f) Ofloxacjn c) Tetracycline e) 1% Phenol solution |
Question 1.
Different drugs have different therapeutic action in our body. Write the therapeutic action of the following drugs in our body : (March – 2015)
i) Analgesics
ii) Antibiotics
iii) Antihistamines
Answer:
i) Analgesics – These reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion, incoordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system.
Example
– Aspirin (Non-narcotic)
– Morphine, Heroin, Codeine etc. (Narcotic)
ii) Antibiotics – In low concentrations antibiotics inhibits the growth or destroys microorganisms by intervening in their metabolic processes. These are used as drugs to treat infections because of their low toxicity for humans and animals.
Example
– Pencillin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol etc.
iii) Antihistamines – These prevent the interaction of histamine (a potent vasodilator and is responsible for the nasal congestion associated with common cold and allergic response to pollen) with the receptors. Thus, antihistamines prevent nasal congestion associated with common cold and allergic responses.
Question 1.
Write therapeutic actions of the following drugs: (Say – 2015)
i) Antipyretic
ii) Antiseptic
iii) Antibiotic
Answer:
i) Antipyretic – Drug used to reduce fever.
ii) Antiseptic – Drug which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms. It is applied to living tissues such as wounds, cut, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces.
iii) Antibiotic – Drug used to treat infections because oftheir low toxicity for humans and animals. It is a substance produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis, which in low concentrations inhibits the growth or destroys microorganisms by intervening in their metabolic processes.
Question 1.
a) Identify an analgesic from the following: (March – 2016)
a) equanil
b) aspirin
c) serotonin
d) cimetidine
b) Differentiate between antiseptics and antibiotics.
Answer:
a) b) aspirin
b) Antiseptics – These are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms and are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. These are not ingested like antibiotics.
e.g. dettol, iodine etc.
Antibiotics – These are drugs used to treat infections because oftheir lowtoxicity for humans and animals. These are chemical substances produced by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and molds) that inhibit the growth or even destroy microorganisms. Some purely synthetic compounds have antibacterial activity. Therefore, now antibiotics are refered to as substances produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis, which in low concentrations inhibits the growth ordestroys microorganisms by intervening in their metabolic processes,
e.g. penicillin, chloramphenicol etc.
Question 1.
Different drugs have different therapeutic action in our body. Write the therapeutic action of the following drugs in our body. (Say – 2016)
i) Analgesics
ii) Antibiotics
iii) Tranquilizers
Answer:
i) Analgesics – Drugs which reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of conciousness, mental confusion, incoordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system.
ii) Antibiotics – Drugs used to treat infections because of their low toxicity for humans and animals. These are substances produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis, which in low concentrations inhibit the growth or destroy microorganisms by intervening in their metabolic processes.
iii) Tranquilizers – These are neurologically active drugs which affect the message transfer mechanim from nerve to receptor. These are used forthe treatment of stress, and mild or even severe mental diseases. These relieve anxiety, stress, irritability or excitment by inducing a sense of well-being.
Question 1.
Antibiotics, antiseptics and disinfectants are anti microbial drugs.’ Explain anyone of the above mentioned drugs with examples. (March – 2017)
Answer:
Antibiotics – These are drugs used to treat infections because of their low toxicity for humans and animals. These are chemical substances produced
by microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and molds) that inhibit the growth or even destroy microorganisms. Some purely synthetic compounds have antibacterial activity. Therefore, now antibiotics are refered to as substances produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis, which in low concentrations inhibits the growth ordestroys microorganisms by intervening in their metabolic processes.
e.g. penicillin, aminoalycosides, ofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol etc.
Or
Antiseptics – These are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms and are applied to the living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin surfaces. These are not ingested like antibiotics.
e.g. furacine, soframicine, dettol, iodine, bithionol, 0.2% phenol etc.
Or
Disinfectants: These are chemicals which either kill or prevent the growth of microorganisms and are applied to inanimate objects such as floors, drainage system, instruments, etc.
e.g. 1% phenol, chlorine, sulphur dioxide, etc.
Question 1.
Match the following (Say – 2017)
| a) antiseptic | i) sodium stearate |
| b) artificial sweetness | ii) bithional |
| c) Soap | iii) ascorbicand |
| d) vitamin C | iv) Saccharin |
| v) barbituric acid |
Answer:
| a) antiseptic | ii) bithional |
| b) artificial sweetness | iv) Saccharin |
| c) Soap | i) sodium stearate |
| d) vitamin C | iii) ascorbicard |
| v) barbituric acid |