Plus Two Zoology Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 8 Biodiversity and Conservation

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Zoology Chapter Wise Previous Questions and Answers Chapter 8 Biodiversity and Conservation.

Kerala Plus Two Zoology Chapter Wise Previous Questions Chapter 8 Biodiversity and Conservation

Question 1.
Gopalan cultivated a variety of fruit crops and plants in this field and Raman destroyed the fruit crops and plants and cultivated rubber trees which are double in number. (MARCH-2010)
a) In your opinion which method is suitable for the ecosystem? Give reason.
b) Mention any three factors for the extinction of species.
Answer:
Method by Gopalan
Biodiversity depends on variety of species.  Extinction of species is due to

1. Over exploitation
2. Habitat loss and fragmentation
3. Co-extinction

Question 2.
a) The “Evil Quartet” is the nickname used to describe the causes of biodiversity losses. Explain the reason leading to accelerated rates of extinction of flora and fauna.  (MAY-2010)
b) Philosophically or spiritually, we need to realize that every plant or animal species has an intrinsic value and we have a moral duty to protect them. Justify the statement and write down the protective measures.
Answer:
a) (1) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(2) Over-exploitation
(3) Alien species invasions
(4) Co-extinction
b) Agreed with the statement as we have a moral duty to care for their well-being and pass on our biological legacy in good order to future generations.
Protective measures-
Insitu conservation – Biosphere reserve, National park, Wild Life Sanctuary etc.
Exsitu conservation – Zoo, Botanical gardens, seed bank etc.

Question 3.
The year 2010 has been declared as the International Biodiversity Year by United Nations (UN)  (MARCH-2011)
a) Point out the levels of diversity in nature.(1 Score)
b) Give a brief description of The Evil Quartet.
Answer:
a) Genetic, Species, Ecosystem level diversity.
b) i) Habitat loss and fragmentation
ii) Overexploitation
iii) Alien species Invasion
iv) Co-extinction etc.

Question 4.
The given graph shows the distribution of insects in different latitudes of earth.  (MARCH-2012)

a) What is your observation?
b) List the three reasons for greater biodiversity in tropical regions.
c) Write two causes of biodiversity lossess.
Answer:
a) Species richnes decreases from equator to poles.
b) Climate is constant and predictable Glaciations were absent. Tropical region get more solar energy.
c) Habital loss and fragmentation Invansion of alien species.

Question 5.
Last twenty years alone have witnessed the disappearance of 27 animal species from earth.  (MAY-2012)
a) Name an animal disappeared recently.
b) What may be the causes for this loss?
c) How can we conserve biodiversity?
Answer:
a) Out of Syllabus
b) i) Habitat loss and fragmentation
ii) Over-exploitation
iii) Alien species invasions
iv) Co-extinctions
c) It is through in situ (on site) conservation and ex situ (offsite) conservation

Question 6.
Gopalan cultivated a variety of fruit crops and plants . in this field and Raman destroyed the fruit crops and plants and cultivated rubbertrees which are double in number.  (MARCH-2013)
a) In your opinion which method is suitable for the ecosystem? Give reason.
b) Mention any three factors for the extinction of species.
Answer:
Method by Gopalan
Biodiversity depends on variety of species. Extinction of species is due to
1. Over exploitation
2. Habitat loss and fragmentation
3. Co-extinction

Question 7.
While preparing the species area relationship graph of 4 areas, the following z values are obtained.  (MAY-2013)
Area A = 0.1 Area B = 0.8 Area C = 1.2 Area D = 0.3
a) Which area shows maximum species richness?
b) What are the expected reasons for the loss of biodiversity in areas with low species richness?
Answer:
a) Area a = 0.1
b) (i) Habitat loss and fragmentation
(ii) Over-exploitation
(iii) Alien species invasions
(iv) Co-extinctions

Question 8.
“Nature provides all for the need of man but not for his greed.” (MARCH-2014)
a) Do you agree with this statement? Justify your answer.
b) Distinguish between two types of biodiversity conservations.
Answer:
a) yes, For example forest is used for some basic needs of a man but not for clearing of trees .
b) Exitu conservation – conservation of flora and fauna outside the natural habitat
Eg- Botanical garden
Insitu conservation – conservation of flora and fauna in the natural habitat
Eg-wild life sanctuaries and national parks

Question 9.
a) Variety of species are present around us, what they constitute and comment.  (MAY-2014)
b) Comment on in situ conservation and ex situ conservation.
c) In these aspects explain biodiversity hot spots with example – give importance to recent issues with regard to Western Ghats.
Answer:
a) Biodiversity
b) Exitu conservation – conservation of flora and fauna outside the natural habitat Insitu conservation- conservation.of flora and fauna in the natural habitat
c) Biodiversity hotspots are regions with very high levels of species richness and high degree of endemism Western ghats is the hotspots where accelerated habitat loss occurs.

Question 10.
We have a moral responsibility to take good care of earth’s biodiversity and pass it on in good order to next generation.  (MARCH-2015)
a) Define Biodiversity.
b) Write causes for biodiversity losses.
c) Name two types of biodiversity conservation.
Answer:
a) It is the variety within and between all species of plants, animals and micro-organisms and the ecosystems within which they live and interact.
b) i) Habitat loss and fragmentation
ii) Over-exploitation
iii) Alien species invasions
iv) Coextinctions
c) Insitu conservation, Exitu conservation

Question 11.
Two approaches for the conservation of biodiversity is shown as A and B.  (MAY-2015)

a) Identify the type of biodiversity conservation shown in A and B.
b) Write the difference between the two, types of biodiversity conservation shown in A and B.
c) Which of the above approach is more desirable’ when there is an urgent need to save a species?
Answer:
a) A-Insitu conservation B-Exitu conservation
b) A- It is the conservation of animals in natural habitat
B- It is the conservation of plants outside the natural habitat
c) exitu conservation

Question 12.
Observe the concept diagram of the Evil Quartet of biodiversity loss. (MARCH-2016)

a) Write A and B
b) What is Co-Extinction?
Answer:
a) A- Habitat loss and fragmentation
B -Alien species invasions
b) When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it also become extinct

Question 13.
Read the statement and choose the correct option:   (MARCH-2016)
A: Sacred grooves are examples of in situ conservation
B: Biodiversity hotspots have low degree of endemism.
C: Biodiversity increases when number of organisms in a particular species increases.
a) Statement ‘A’ alone is correct
b) Statement ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct
c) Statement ‘A’ and ‘C’ are correct.
d) Statement ‘C’ alone is correct
Answer:
Statement ‘A’ alone is correct.

Question 14.
a) “When we conserve and protect the whole ecosystem, its biodiversity at all levels is protected.” Based on this statement explain the strategies of biodiversity conservation.  (MAY-2016)
OR
b) “When need turns to greed, it leads to biodiversity loss.” Substantiate this statement by explaining two causes of biodiversity loss.
Answer:
a) Insitu conservation- It is the conservation of plant and animal sp. in their natural habitat.
Eg-biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries.
Exitu conservation- It is the conservation of plant and animal sp outside the natural habitat.
Eg- Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks.
OR
b) i) Habitat loss and fragmentation: The degradation of many habitats by pollution affects the survival of many species. It results large habitats are broken up into small fragments.
Amazon rain forest is cleared for cultivating soya beans or for conversion to grasslands for raising beef cattle
ii) Over-exploitation : It leads to the over-exploitation of natural resources. For example the extinction of Steller’s sea cow, passenger pigeon was due to humans.
iii) Alien species invasions : The introduction of foreign species cause the reduction or extinction of indigenous species.
The Nile perch introduced into Lake Victoria in east Africa led to the extinction of more than 200 species of cichlid fish in the lake
iv) Co-extinctions : If two species are in obligatory relationship the extinction of one species affect the other.
Eg – coevolved plant-pollinator mutualism where extinction of one species leads to the extinction of the other.

Question 15.
Z – values of a frugivorous bat species are given below. Which value is not applicable to continents?  (MARCH-2017)
1) 0.6
2) 0.65
3) 0.20
4) 0.68
Answer:
Incorrect option

Question 16.
Distinguish in situ conservation from ex situ conservation with one example each.  (MARCH-2017)
Answer:
Insitu conservation- Ms the conservation of plant and animal sp. in natural habitat.
Eg- biosphere reserves, national parks and sanctuaries.
Exitu conservation- It is the conservation of plant and animal sp outside the natural habitat.
Eg- Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks.

Question 17.
What are the advantages of biofertilizers over chemical fertilizers? Give an example for biofertilizer.  (MARCH-2017)
Answer:
a) 1) It prevents pollution
2) It improves soil structure and function
b) biofertilizer- Mycorrhiza

Question 18.
Explain the three levels of biodiversity. (MAY-2017)
OR
Explain different types of biodiversity conservation with example.
Answer:
1. Genetic diversity – A single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range
2. Species diversity – Diversity at species level
3. Ecological diversity – Diversity at ecosystem level
OR
In situ conservation – the species are protected in their natural habitat.
example: National Park, Wildlife sanctuaries etc.
ex situ conservation – threatened animals and plants are protected outside their natural habitat.
example: Zoological Park, botanical gardens etc.