Plus Two

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two English Textbook Answers Unit 3 Chapter 3 Stammer Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus Two English Textbook Stammer Questions and Answers Unit 3 Chapter 3 (Poem)

Activity I: (Think and Respond)

Question 1.
What does the poet think of stammer primarily?
Answer:
The poet thinks primarily that stammer is not handicap. It is a mode of speech.

Question 2.
How does the poet link stammer and lameness beautifully to silence?
Answer:
The poet beautifully links stammer and lame to silence by saying that stammer is the silence that fails between the word and its meaning, just as lameness is the silence that falls between the word and the deed.

Question 3.
What, according to the poet, is a person doing when he stammers?
Answer:
When he stammers, he is offering a sacrifice to the God of meanings. When a whole people stammer, it becomes their mother tongue.

Question 4.
Why does the poet refer to the linguist here?
Answer:
The poet refers to the linguist here because in his opinion stammer itself is a language. A linguist is the one who is skilled in the science of language.

Question 5.
When does stammer become a social phenomenon?
Answer:
Stammer becomes a social phenomenon when a whole people stammer because it then becomes their mother tongue. Stammer here represents the collective inability to do good things, just like persons who stammer can’t speak properly and the lame can’t walk properly.

Question 6.
Pick out the lines you particularly like and discuss them with a partner.
Answer:
I particularly like the lines: “God too must have stammered when He created man.” These lines are pregnant with a lot of meaning. It means that God created man not when he was in a state of perfection but when he was in a state of imperfection. That is why man, who is supposed to be the highest creation of God is so imperfect, with so many defects. When the creator is not perfect the creature can’t be perfect too.

Activity II: (Discuss)

Talk to your partner and write down his/her response to the following questions.

Question 7.
Do you think that the words ‘just as it is with us now’ refer to our response to burning social issues in general? Why?
Answer:
I definitely think that the words ‘just as it is with us now’ refer to our response to burning social issues in general. We all are stammering unable to bring out our meanings clearly and we all are walking like the lame as we don’t do the things we ought to do. The country is in the grip of poverty, disease and unemployment, but our leaders stammer when it comes to solutions of these burning issues. They divert people’s attention from real things, real problems, by talking about religions, ideologies and such invisible things. The lame people follow the lame leaders, who stammer all the way.

Question 8.
Which comparison in the poem do you like the most? Why?
Answer:
I like the comparison of man’s prayers and commands to poetry. The words of man carry different meanings and so whatever he utters even his prayers and commands carry different meanings to different people. A poem has different meanings to different people. The poet may say something, but the reader interprets it in different ways. Even the Holy Books like the Bible, the Koran and the Gita are interpreted in various ways and that is why we have so many sects in each religion. The Catholics, the Protestants, the Anglicans, the Pentecost and so many other denominations of Christianity consider the Bible as their Holy Book. But they all give it a different interpretation! The same is the case with other Religious Books.

Activity III (Blogging)

Question 5.
Read the notes of blogging in drugs?
With the help of your teacher create a class blog and upload your thoughts about this poem.
Here is a blog on the poem ‘Stammer’ by K. Satchidanandan:
Answer:
20 June 2015/Class Xll-A Don Bosco UK
We read the poem Stammer by K. Satchidanandan intensely and had some elaborate ’discussions on its theme, content and message. The poem is not easy to understand because of its highly complex imagery. But once we get to know its meaning properly, we begin to realize how profound the ideas are. Stammer, Satchidanandan asserts, is a language in itself.

The question whether stammer came before the language or after it is highly amusing. We are reminded of the joke attributed to the late EMS Namboothiripad, who used to stammer. One interviewer asked him if he stammered always. EMS Namboodiripad replied, “Not always; only when I speak.” The interviewer asked the question because there is a feeling that fear, stage fright, suppressed emotions, etc. trigger stammer.

Satchidananda does not seem to give much honour to God because he has said that perhaps He even stammered when He created man. God is reputed to be omnipotent and one can’t imagine that God can stammer. The poet thinks that man is so imperfect and full of vile may be because God stammered while creating man. We agree with the poet in his verdict,

Satchidanandan has the knack of hitting the head on the nail. He speaks great things using just a few words. An ordinary person might have taken a whole lengthy essay to say what Satchidanandan has said in a few short lines. The poet’s insight and imagination are extraordinary. The poem opens our eyes and we start seeing ‘stammer’ in a different perspective.

→ Comments on the Blogs:

The Kid
I quite agree with Ammu, the blogger, that The Kid is a must watch and it will lift one’s spirit. It does make us smile, laugh, cry, empathise, sympathize and teach us there are great pleasures in the small things of life. Jackie Coogan and Charlie Chaplain have done a wonderful job and the film will remain a classic and will be enjoyed by generations of viewers.

But I quite disagree with Ammu when she severely criticises our current idea of fun and comedy. She thinks people today enjoy only dirty jokes, sarcasm and some kind of racial, religious or dark sense of humour. Ammu should realize that The Kid was made in 1921 and soon it will be century since its release. Our sense and sensibilities have changed. Naturally our humour sense also has changed. Making a kid throw stones at glass windows and breaking them and a tramp coming after the boy to repair the windows and collect money from the owners was humorous in 1921. With the present CCTV, such things are no more possible, and not funny anymore. Film-makers have to look for newer things, and fresh ideas to wrench laughter from the audience. So I feel we should be more sympathetic to the modern film makers.

→ Why We Need Solitude:

Gabby Salazar’s blog makes fine reading as he has told us some profound truths. This blog reminds me of the great pronouncement in our Vedantic Sanatana Dharma which says ‘Tatwamasi’. It means That Thou Art’. Put it simply it means ‘You are that’. We look for God in Temples, Mosques, Churches, Gurudwaras and Synagogues. But God is in us and we don’t have to go to any place to find God. Just look inward.

Gabby has rightly said that you don’t have to go to mountain peaks or into deep jungles or into wildest wilderness to get solitude. You can get it even in your home and its surroundings. If you are a bit away from distracting noises, you can create the solitude you want. In that solitude you can have your conversation with your soul – the spark of God in you.

There is a joke about a couple who were always quarrelling and fighting at home. Finally they decided to go abroad and spend some days to have a change of scene. They thought that might bring them peace. They booked into a 7-star hotel. There, they started fighting! The idea is that wherever you go you carry your mind. It is the mind that matters and not the place or the people. You can feel sorry even in heaven because you are given a backseat there!

Solitude is close by. Leam to find it. We need it and it is not at difficult to get. Gabby has made a fine point.

Stammer (Poem) Edumate Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the following lines from the poem ‘Stammer’ and answer the questions given below.
“When a whole people stammer Stammer becomes their mother tongue Just as it is with us now.”
a) Identify the speaker of these lines.
b) What attitude of the poet is revealed here?
c) What does the poet mean by ‘Stammer’ here?
Answer:
a) The poet – K. Satchidanandan
b) The attitude the poet has is that we all stammer because it has become our mother tongue. It means we are not able to tell the truth freely. We are afraid to open our minds.
c) Stammer here means silence against burning social issues. We are afraid to open our mouths and speak our thoughts freely.

Question 2.
A counselling class has been arranged at your school as part of the Health Club programmes. When asked, the counsellor shared the view that stammer is a handicap like any other deformities. What are your comments? Prepare a short paragraph focusing on the poem ‘Stammer’ you have studied.
Answer:
I don’t agree with the counsellor who thinks that stammer is a handicap like any other deformity. Stammering is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases as well as involuntary silent pauses or blocks in which the person who stammers is unable to produce sounds. The term stammering is most commonly associated with involuntary sound repetition.

It also means the prolongation of certain sounds, usually vowels or semivowels. According to experts “stammering is a disorder of selection, initiation, and execution of motor sequences necessary for fluent speech production.” For many people who stutter, repetition is the primary problem. Stammer is curable with speech therapy and so it can’t be considered as a deformity like lameness or deafness.

In the poem ‘stammer’ has a figurative meaning. Here stammer is the silence that the society keeps even when social evils are rampant. As the people are afraid of the reaction of certain sections they tend to turn’ aiblind eye even to the malpractices that are going in the society. In the poem, stammer is the sign of cowardice or pusillanimity.

Question 3.
A brief bio sketch of K Satchidanandan, the famous Indian writer is given below:
Now prepare four questions based on the passage, to interview him.
K Satchidanandan is an Indian poet writing in Malayalam and English. He is known as a pioneer of modern poetry in Malayalam. He is also a critic, columnist, translator and the former secretary of the Kendra Sahitya Academy.
As an intellectual upholding secular democratic views, he supports causes like environment, human rights and free software. His lectures and articles on issues concerning contemporary Indian Literature are thought-provoking. He was shortlisted for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2001.
Answer:
a) Sir, we know that you were a Lecturer in the English Department of Christ College, Irinjalakuda. How or why did you leave the college?
b) We understand that you were shortlisted for the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2001. But then it was given to V.S. Naipaul. How did it happen?
c) Have your secular democratic views caused you any losses or inconveniences?
d) What would be your advice to the youth of today?

Question 4.
Following are the questions posed to K Satchidanandan, the famous Indian poet in a recently conducted interview held at Trivandrum.
a) What inspired you to write the poem’ stammer’?
b) Do you think that the theme of the poem is still relevant?
c) Why did you use plain simple language in this poem?
Imagine yourself to be in the shoes of Satchidanandan. Suppose you were to answer these questions what will you say? Prepare the responses.
Answer:
a) I wrote ‘Stammer’ because I found the majority in the society preferred to keep silence even when atrocities were going on in the society. I felt as if people were becoming cowardly and were unwilling to face opposition. It is a tragic situation.

b) I feel the theme of the poem is more relevant today. The Indian society is getting fragmented into groups. Religion is becoming a very crucial issue. All religions teach love, but some fanatics teach violence. This is a matter of great concern for the unity of the country. Our strength is our diversity.

c) My language may look simple but I have packed a lot of meanings into it. Moreover as I am writing mainly for the Indian audience, I have to be mindful of their ability to understand a foreign language.

Stammer (Poem) About The Author

– K. Satchidanandan

K. Satchidanandan was bom in 1946 in Pulloot, a village in Thrissur district. He writes in Malayalam and English. He is known as a pioneer of modern poetry in Malayalam. He is a critic, literary columnist and a translator. He was the Secretary of Sahitya Akademi. He is secularist. He supports causes like environment, human rights and free software. He was shortlisted for Nobel Prize for literature in 2011.

Stammer (Poem) Summary in English

Lines 1-7: Stammer is not handicap. It is a mode of speech. Stammer is the silence that falls between the word and its meaning, just as lameness is the silence that falls between the word and the deed.

Lines 8-13: Did stammer come before language or after it? Is it only a dialect or a language itself? These questions make the linguists stammer.

Line 14-19: Each time we stammer we are offering a sacrifice to the God of meanings. When a whole people stammer, it becomes their mother tongue, just as it is with us now.

Lines 20-26: God too must have stammered when He created man. That is why all the words of man cany different meanings. That is wjjy everything he says, from his commands to his prayers, stammers, like poetry.

Stammer (Poem) Summary in Malayalam

Stammer (Poem) Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two English Textbook Answers Unit 3 Chapter 1 A Three Wheeled Revolution Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus Two English Textbook A Three Wheeled Revolution Questions and Answers Unit 3 Chapter 1 (Interview)

Read And Respond

Question 1.
Which incident shows that Irfan had a problem solving skill?
Answer:
Once Irfan was travelling in a rickshaw and in the middle of the journey he was very thirsty. He asked the rickshaw puller if he had any water. He said he did not have because it was expensive to get bottles of water and stack them. Immediately he thought there was a market for selling water bottles in the rickshaws. This incident shows Irfan had a problem-solving skill.

Question 2.
Why does Irfan think that entrepreneurship is in his blood?
Irfan thinks that entrepreneurship is in his blood because he had an interest in business from a very early age. He was enterprising since his childhood. During the stock market scam on 1992, his father and his friends lost a lot of money. Irfan helped them to recover their losses and even make profits.

Question 3.
What encouraged Irfan to open his own portfolio management firm?
Answer:
During the stock market scam in 1992, his father and his friends lost a lot of money. Irfan started taking an interest in the stock market and began researching various companies. Using his advice, his father’s friends recovered their losses and even made profits. This encouraged Irfan to open his own portfolio management firm.

Question 4.
What was Irfan’s prize winning business proposal?
Answer:
Irfan suggested that rickshaws should be redesigned so that the spaces on the vehicles could be sold for advertising and brand promotion. He also suggested that additional incomes could be got by selling water, juice, biscuits, mobile cards and newspapers to the passengers in the rickshaws. This was Irfan’s prize winning business proposal.

Question 5.
Why did Irfan refuse the prize money of the TV realty show?
Answer:
He wanted to provide the rickshaw pullers with insurance, ID-cards and uniforms. He wanted to run the business as a ‘not-for-profit’ organization. He thought it to be the best way to sustain the business and the easiest way to get banks to give out loans. The organizers of the TV show did not agree to this model and so he refused to take the prize money.

Question 6.
Where did Irfan get his seed money for his project?
Answer:
Irfan got his seed money for his project from his family and friends.

Question 7.
What kind of facilities does SammaaN offer the rickshaw pullers?
Answer:
They are given training on basic etiquette and traffic rules. Then they are helped to get a bank loan for a new rickshaw. They feel empowered because they are pulling their own rickshaws. They are also given accident and health insurance. Each driver is given an ID card. He has to wear uniform while operating the vehicle. The rickshaw puller now becomes a member of the SammaaN family.

Question 8.
What are the ‘other benefits’ than monetary benefits offered to the rickshaw pullers?
Answer:
Rickshaw pullers now have a sense of belonging and empowerment. Their wives and children attend free evening classes called Sammaan Gyaan. SammaaN has brought dignity to those previously known as menial laborers.

Question 9.
What are the other activities of the SammaaN foundation?
Answer:
The SammaaN foundation runs free evening classes called Sammaan Gyaan which is attended by the wives and children of rickshaw pullers. They also engage in a lot of trading activities like selling water, juice, pre-paid phone cards etc. to the passengers in the rickshaw. SammaaN has brought dignity to those previously known as menial labourers. SammaaN is profitable. Last fiscal year, it made a profit of 8 lakhs. It has an R&D Wing researching on solar-powered fibreglass rickshaw.

Question 10.
Why does Irian think that rickshaw is not a dying breed?
Answer:
Irfan thinks that rickshaw is not a dying breed for many reasons. Rickshaws are still popular in many parts of the country. In the last 2 to 3 years the number of rickshaws has actually increased in New Delhi by 20%. It is the popular transport to and from the metro stations. Rickshaws are the vehicles of the future as they are environmental friendly. There is R&D wing of SammaaN working on a solar-powered fibreglass rickshaw.

Question 11.
What do you understand by solar-powered rickshaw?
Answer:
Today the rickshaw puller has to use his physical power to make the rickshaw move. In the solar-powered rickshaw, solar power will be used for moving the rickshaw. That way the rickshaw puller will not have to struggle physically.

Question 12.
What is Irfan’s suggestion to tackle unemployment in our country?
Answer:
Irfan thinks that entrepreneurship should be made as a career. An entrepreneur is one who sees an opportunity and puts conscious efforts to make it an enterprise. People discourage youths from taking this path. Entrepreneurship can tackle unemployment in the country.

Activity I (Think and Respond)

Question 1.
What qualities, do you think, should an entrepreneur possess?
Answer:
An entrepreneur is one who sees an opportunity and puts conscious efforts to make it an enterprise. He should have courage, vision and other leadership qualities. He should be willing to take risks. He should remember ‘No pain, no gain’. He should have a dream and then work hard to realize it.

Question 2.
Why do people discourage youth to choose the path of entrepreneurship?
Answer:
People discourage youth to choose the path of entrepreneurship because they think they will end up in losses. Parents encourage children to look for employment in the government service or in some companies where they can get a regular salary. Entrepreneurship involves risks because the enterprise might fail.

Question 3.
Irfan Alam says that “it is important to take risks to achieve your dreams”. Comment on this statement
Answer:
To achieve one’s dreams one has to take risks. A child will never learn to walk if he is afraid to take the first step. The Wright brothers would never fly if they were afraid. No pain, no gain. If you have dreams you should be prepared to take risks. Could men go to the moon if they refused to take the risk?

Question 4.
What are your dreams in life? How do you plan to pursue your dreams?
Answer:
My dreams in life are to become a good engineer and a good person. I will study hard and try to get high marks in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. I know that engineers are the ones that make the world a worthy place to live in with all the engineering marvels we witness today. Above all, I want to be a good person so that I can help my fellow human beings to live a life of comfort.

Question 5.
Have you read or heard of other young and successful entrepreneurs. Share their stories in your class.
Answer:
I know about a young and successful entrepreneur. His name is Jison Jose. After his M.Com, he did his MCA. Instead of looking for. government jobs or employment in a company, he started his own company called G & J Infotech. He took two rooms in a building in town and started the office there. He had financial help from his family. He hired some experts and started producing various kinds of soft software which soon became very famous. The most popular one is called E-School Solutions. He now has some 30 employees in his company. His wife Dhanya, who is also an MCA holder, ably assists him in the work. Currently Jison is the local Chairman of the prestigious organization, JCI (Junior Chambers International), and is busy doing a lot of social service to improve the plight of the poor.

Activity II (E-mail)

Question 6.
The R&D wing ofSammaaN is planning to redesign rickshaws with necessary improvements. Think about some useful modifications that you would like to suggest to Irfan Alam. Negotiate your ideas with your partner and make a final list of modifications.
Answer:
To: [email protected]
Dear Irfan,
I have come to know that you are planning to make some useful modifications in the rickshaws to improve their services. I would suggest the following modifications.
a) Provide the rickshaws with a phone from which travellers can call. Of course, the travellers will be charged for the calls they make.

b) Let each rickshaw have a small space where tissues are kept. The travellers can use them to blow their nose, if they want, and clean their hands.

c) Provide a small bin on one side of the rickshaw so that people can deposit the skin of the fruits, or the wrappers of candies, or the used issues, without littering the road.

I hope you will give due consideration to my suggestions.

Krishnan Moolayil

Activity III (Paragraph writing)

Question 7.
Study the following table. A variety of career options has been listed in the first column. What kind of responsibilities do these careers demand? What skill does a person require to do these jobs?
Answer:

Question 8.
Now think about the skills you have. What roles and responsibilities could you assume based on your potentials and your aptitude? Discuss with your friend and write a paragraph about the suitable jobs for you. Also write why you think they are suitable for you. (You may/may not choose a career from the given table.
Answer:
There are two jobs which I like to do – one is teaching and the other is translating. I want to be a teacher for certain reasons. A teacher is the person who moulds the characters of the youth. If the teacher is good, he will be able to influence the children to do positive things and to become good citizens, bringing name for themselves, their families, their localities and the nation itself. I like teaching because I am good at languages and my favour language is English. I realize that the English used in our schools is of poor quality because many of the teachers are not well-trained. There is the danger of Manglish replacing English. I want to do my best to remedy the situation. I like children and I like to interact with them.

I like their fun-loving nature and harmless pranks. So my first choice is to become a teacher.

The second job I might like to do is that of translation. Translation is not an easy job. Aword-to-word translation might look foolish. There is the story of a student who translated the Malayalam idiom ‘alkarku Kayyum kanakkumilla’ as people had no hands and arithmetic. Another boy translated ‘Pazhamchollu’ as banana talk. A translator must be aware of the idioms and phrases in a language and look for equivalent idioms in the target language. Merely replacing a word by a similar meaning does not make proper translation. I am good at languages and I believe I can be ‘a good translator. I also want to translate some fine novels in Malayalam into English.

Activity IV (Listening and Note-taking)

Making notes and taking notes are different things. In ClassXI you learned howto make notes, while reading a piece of writing. Here we are going to see certain things about note-taking. You can take notes when you are listening to a lecturer or interviewing a person. Note-taking helps to improve your listening skills.

A very systematic and organized format for taking notes is called the Cornell Method. Here are the steps to follow:

• Draw a margin 2-3 inches
• As you listen to the lecture, write all the important ideas on the right side.
• Leave some space after each idea (This is for filling in details later.)
• After the lecture complete the spaces with as many words and phrases you heard.
• For every important bit of information, write a ‘cue’ in the left margin.

Here is an example:
In the first Unit you read the speech The 3Ls of Empowerment’ by Christine Lagarde. Imagine that she is speaking to you and you are taking down notes.

THE 3Ls of Empowerment

Present scenario:

• 21 st century poses many challenges.
• 1/2 of world’s population is women.
• Women denied opportunities, so no economic growth.
• 3 Ls

1st L:

• Learning helps women to break shackles
• More in the developing world African adage

2nd L:

• Labour helps women to flourish and achieve their potential.
• Equal pay for equal work Eliminating gender gaps Changing existing laws regarding inheritance

3rd L:

• Leadership to enable to fulfil innate abilities and talents.
• Dare the difference Stepping out of comfort zones.

Conclusion: A more prosperous world.

Activity V: (Identifying Facts from Opinions)

Question 9.
Read the following statements and say whether they are facts or opinions, Write F against tacts and O against opinions.
Answer:
a. The fastest land-dwelling creature is the cheetah. – F
b. Facebook was launched in 2004. – F
c. Switzerland is the most beautiful country. – O
d. Harry Potter and the HALF Blood Prince sold 9 million copies in the first 24 hours of its release. – F
e. Oranges contain both calcium and vitamin C. – F
f. The more money someone has the more successful they are. – O
g. It is cheaper to buy mobile phones online. F
h. People should be encouraged to eat vegetarian food.-O

Question 10.
Read the following paragraphs and identify the facts and opinions. List them in your Activity Log.
Answer:
Facts: You can travel around the country in Shinkansen (bullet) train. They connect major cities in Japan. They are nick named bullet trains because they go very fast and have pointed noses like a bullet. They have great speed and punctuality. They are comfortable. All the seats face forward, and there is plenty of leg room. Only a few accidents have taken place in their history and no deaths. They are expensive. Train stations are in the middle of the city.

Opinion: A ticket to travel to another city can cost almost as much as an airline ticket would. It is often convenient to take a bullet train instead of flying because you will arrive exactly where you want to be.

Question 11.
Now find out 3 facts and 3 opinions from the interview with Irfan Alam.
Answer:
Facts: a) Rickshaw pullers get greater incomes,
b) They are insured against accidents,
c) Their wives and children get free evening classes at Sammaan Gyaan.

Opinions: a) Rickshaws have a great future,
b) One has to take calculated risks to achieve his dream,
c) It is with the blessing of his mentors and well-wishers that he carries his journey forward.

Activity VI (Understanding Idioms)

An idiom is a combination of words in common use that has a figurative meaning. Study the idioms given on page 103.

Let’S Practise

Question 12.
Look at the following sentences. The words/phrases underlined are idioms. Rewrite the sentences in plain English.
Answer:
a. Go back to square one = return to the starting point
b. A ballpark number = roughly accurate number
c. Big picture = a complete view
d. Change of pace = bring some variety in life
e. Get down to business = to get serious
f. Ground-breaking = innovative
g. In a nutshell = In short
h. Under the table = secretly (paying bribes)
i. Thinking out of the box = thinking freely
j. Stay on your toes = Stay alert

Question 13.
Read the following. The underlined words/ phrases can be rewritten with some common idiomatic expressions in English. Choose the appropriate idioms from the box below to replace them and rewrite the sentences. You may change forms, if necessary.
Answer:
a. Once in a blue moon
b. Sitting on the fence
c. The last straw
d. Add insult to injury
e. Missed the boat

Activity VII (Phrasal Verbs)

Question 14.
Read the following passage. It tells about some important events in the life of Irfan Alam. Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate phrasal verb from the brackets and complete the passage.
Answer:
Irfan was brought up in a village in Bihar. At a very small age he entered into stock trading business and made up for his father’s losses in stock market. Later, Irfan set up his own portfolio management firm.

Phrasal Verbs: A phrasal verb is a verb followed by a preposition or an adverb; the combination creates a meaning different from the original verb alone.

• To get – to obtain
• To get together – to meet

Question 15.
Here are some more phrasal verbs used frequently. Use them to fill in the blanks. You may change the form if necessary.
Answers:

• Breakout
• Look forward to
• Run out
• Keep up
• Called off
• Put up with
• Made up
• Carried away
• Do without
• Passed away

Activity VIII (Loanwords)

Question 16.
You have now come across the word ‘entrepreneur’. This word is borrowed from the French word ‘entreprendre’ which means to undertake’. Such words are called Loan words as they are borrowed from other languages.

The following words from the interview are also borrowed from other languages. Can you find out their origins? Use your dictionary and complete the table.
Answer:

Here are some loan words which we often use:
Bureau, guru, yoga, chef, cuisine, amorous, omniscient, pyjamas, raja, coolie

Activity IX (Let’s Edit)

Question 17.
Correcting the e-mail sent by Aijun.
(Hint: tenses, prepositions and articles)
Answer:
Dear Sir,
My name is Arjun. I am a Plus Two student in a reputed school at Thrissur, I am in the Commerce Stream, with Maths and Computer Science as my optional subjects. I had secured A Grade in all subjects in my Plus One Exam and I expect to score even better in the Plus Two exam.

I am writing this mail because I can’t decide what course to choose for my higher education. I am good at computer and I like Statistics. I like English also and I read a lot.

Could you please tell me what kind of career would suit me and which course I should choose for my graduation? Please reply at the earliest as I am really anxious about my future.

Yours sincerely,
Arjun

Question 18.
After sending Ms mail, Arjun discusses his confusions with his friend, Robin, who is a college student Here is the conversation between the two. However, the punctuations in the following conversation are missing. Punctuate appropriately and rewrite the conversation.
Answer:
Arjun: Hello Robin!
Robin: Hi Arjun! What’s up?
Arjun: Nothing much, buddy! I’m a bit confused
these days.
Robin: Confused? Why? What’s the matter?
Arjun: You knowthat I’m completing my Plus Two this year. So, I’m confused about what to do next.
Robin: Oh, I understand! So, have you come to
some conclusions?
Arjun: Not yet. I’m not much aware of the different
curses and careers suitable for me.
Robin: Oh really! Then why don’t you seek advice from some career counsellors? They could give you suggestions based on aptitude tests.
Arjun: Yeah. I’ve already sent an email to a counsellor. Hope he would reply soon.
Robin: That’s good. Even I joined this course after some counselling sessions.
Arjun: Oh! Is it so? Then I think I did the right thing. OK Robin! Bye then!
Robin: Bye Arjun! See you and let me know your decision.
Arjun: OK! See you!

Read And Reflect

Question 1.
There are people daring enough to go to any extent to pursue their dreams. For them, success is not just about money and popularity; it is beyond. Many young people are into social enterprises which demand a lot of commitment and hard work. They reach out to the community in their own way and try to make a difference. For them, success means happiness forthemselves and for others. Here is a true story of a girl, as narrated by her.)

Three Wheeled Revolution (Interview) Edumate Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Even extraordinary personalities like Irfan Alam or Shaheen Mistry may be criticized. Imagine that you happened to read such a biog entry severly criticising both of them and you are deeply upset with some of the points in the blog post. Now prepare a short article commenting on the blog post on Irfan Alam and Shaheen Mistry.
Answer:
Destructive Criticism
I am deeply upset about a recent blog post against extraordinary personalities like Irfan Alam and Shaheen Mistry. To a reasonable reader both of them are doing laudable things and there is no reason why anyone should criticise their activities. Irfan Alam is an entrepreneur who changed the lives of many people through his innovative enterprise. He found that the lives of rickshaw pullers in India were quite miserable. There are some 10 million rickshaws operating in India.

Most of the rickshaw pullers don’t own the rickshaws. They hire the rickshaw for Rs. 30 or 40 per day. Irfan Alam founded an organization called SammaaN which would help rickshaw pullers to get bank loans to get their own rickshaws. The rickshaw pullers were also taught how to make some extra money, by allowing advertisements in the rickshaws and selling items like water, fruit juice, and prepaid cards for phones in the rickshaws. Irfan has thus made the lives of rickshaw pullers and their families better.

Shaheen Mistry is a social activist and educator. She is the founder of Akanksha Foundation. She is also the CEO of Teach for India since 2008. Moved by the sorry plight of slum children who had no facilities for education,’ Shaheen Mistry found Akanksha. Its basic principle is providing underprivileged children with opportunities for learning. Akanksha wants the classroom to be just a safe place for the children where they can forget, at least for some time, their troubles at home and study and also enjoy. Akanksha came into existence in 1991. Now it has more than 3500 children, with 58 centres and 6 schools.

Thus we see both Irfan Alam and Shaheen Mistry are doing some laudable services to the society. But the blogger seems to be unhappy with what they are doing. He says that selling things in rickshaws reduces the business of the shopkeepers and the centres and schools run by Akanksha reduce admissions in private schools. I strongly believe that this blogger is an agent of big shopkeepers and school managers who want to exploit people.

I would say to Irfan Alam and Shaheen Mistry to continue with their excellent work aimed at the welfare of the society. They should not pay any attention to the destructive critics who are paid agents of profiteers.

Question 2
Don’t you enjoy short trips and tours? Imagine that you made an interesting trip to New Delhi and visited the various historical monuments like the Taj Mahal in Agra, The Red Fort, Indian Parliament etc. After the trip you decide to send an e-mail to your friend sharing your experience of the trip. Draft the e-mail.
Answer:
[email protected]
Sub: Trip to New Delhi

Dearest Selin,
At last I was able to make the trip to New Delhi. From Nedumbassery we took a flight to Delhi. It took about 4 hours to reach Delhi. Since we reached Delhi around 8 in the evening, we straightaway went to a hotel near the airport. It is an expensive hotel but since our stay there was only for one day, we did not mind the expenses. We had a scrumptious dinner and we went to bed early.

Next day we had an early breakfast and then we went to see the Red Fort. Red Fort is a historical fort. It was the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal dynasty for nearly 200 years, until 1857. It is wonderful to see. From there we went to see the Parliament buildings. The construction of buildings took six years and the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927 by the then Governor-General of India, Irwin. The parliament is 560 feet (170 m) in diameter and covers an area of 6 acres (2.4 ha). The Central hall consists of the chambers of Lok sabha, Rajya Sabha and the Library hall. Surrounding these three chambers is the four- storeys circular structure providing accommodations for members and houses Parliamentary committees, offices and the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs. We returned to the city for the night and went to hotel in Connaught Place.

The following day.we went to Agra to see the Taj Mahal. Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river. It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is really a wonder and you ought to see it to enjoy its beauty. No wonder Tagore described it as the “tear-drop on the cheek of time”. In the evening we took a bus to Delhi and stayed in a hotel forthe night. Next day morning we started our journey home by train. It was wonderful trip and I will never forget it.

Say Hi to all at home!
Rosy

Question 3.
Read the following sentences from A Three Wheeled Revolution’.
“There are several other benefits on which we cannot put a monetary value. Rikshaw pullers now have a sense of belonging and empowerment”.
Now, attempt the questions given below.
a) Who makes these statements?
b) What does the word “monetary” mean in this context?
c) List and explain some of the initiatives undertaken by the speaker to empower the rickshaw
Answer:
a) Irfan Alam
b) financial/economic
c) The SammaN Foundation runs evening classes called SammaN Gyan. These classes are attended by the wives and children of rickshaw pullers. The foundation also engages in a lot of trading activities like selling water, juice, prepaid phone cards etc. to the passengers in the rickshaw. SammaN has an RD Wing researching on solar-powered fibreglass rickshaws

Question 4.
Great people are always very positive in their attitude and take a lot of risks to achieve their goals. Shaheen Mistry and Irfan Alam are people of this kind. What is your view on taking a positive attitude, setting a goal in life and working hard to achieve it? Share your views in a paragraph.
Answer:
Great people are always very positive in their attitude and take a lot of risks to achieve their goals. Irfan Alam made the life of rickshaw pullers meaningful with his SammaN foundation. Shaheen Mistry brought education to thousands of the underprivileged children who would have been left out of the mainstream society without her help. It is such people that help the world to progress. I too have a very positive attitude. I love and respect people who set a goal in their lives and work hard to achieve it. I remember the words of Abdul Kalam to dream high and strive to achieve it.

In English they say ‘No pain no gain’. Those who want to get pre’cious gems have to dive deeper in the sea. Without taking risks nobody can achieve great things. Failure is an inevitable forerunner to success. I am always reminded of the story of Robert Bruce, the king of Scotland who learned his lesson from a spider. He had lost his kingdom and had run away to a forest. There he was sitting and brooding. He then noticed a spider sitting on a stone trying to connect the other end of its gossamer to a stone that was a bit away. It jumped. It failed. Bruce was watching. Again it jumped and failed again.

It succeeded only on the 8th jump. Bruce thought: “If this lowly spider can continue jumping even after 7 failures, why not I try again to get back my kingdom?” He went back, organized his army and fought well and drove away his enemies and became the king once again. Great people don’t give up so easily!

Question 5.
You have read the interview with Irfan Alam, the founder of SammaaN Foundation. You are deeply impressed with his creative ideas in transforming the lives of the rickshaw pullers. Now prepare an e¬mail to congratulate Irfan Alam and suggest a few more ways to make rickshwas more profitable.
Answer:
[email protected]

Dear Irfan,
Congrats! You have been doing a wonderful job in ameliorating the lives of the rickshaw pullers and their families. You have made them dignified citizens, proud of their profession. Your starting “Gyan SammaN’ to educate the wives and children of the rickshaw pullers was an excellent idea. It is good to know that SammaN’s RD Wing is researching into the possibility of making fibre glass rickshaws. I know that there are advertisement spaces in the arickshaws and they are selling water, juice and prepaid phone cards to the passengers in the rickshaw. To make the rickshaw pullers earn more money I suggest that you start selling stationery and cosmetics in the rickshaws. They can also undertake home delivery of goods from shops to various homes.

Question 6.
Read the sentence given below:
“An entrepreneur is one who identifies an opportunity and puts in conscious efforts to make it an enterprise”.
Now, answer the questions given below.
a) Who is the speaker?
b) What is your opinion about beginning a start up business?
c) Do you have any4nteresting plan for a start up? Explain.
Answer:
a) Irfan Alam.
b) I have a positive opinion about it. There are very many commercial and engineering graduates who go from place to place looking for jobs. But they can’t find easy jobs. To accommodate such people, it is better to begin a start up business.
c) A start-up is an entrepreneurial venture which is typically a newly emerged, fast-growing business that aims to meet a marketplace need by developing or offering an innovative product, process or service. A start-up is usually a company such as a small business, a partnership or an organization designed to rapidly develop a scalable business model.

I have a plan for a start-up which can market e-school solutions. “E-school solutions’’ is a software that will assist school management and parents. The school management can easily record attendances, fee payments, marks for the various examinations, attendance of staff, their salaries, their promotions and things like that. Parents can log in with a password and see how the children are progressing in their studies.

Question 7.
A small paragraph on TIME MANAGEMENT prepared by a student is given below. There are a few mistakes in it. Identify them and write the correct form.

Time is most precious than money. Money lose can be regained, but time once lost is lost forever. Time and tide waits for no one. A lost opportunity may spoil one’s life. Those who doesn’t act in time would repent afterwards.
Answer:

Three Wheeled Revolution (Interview) Summary in English

“I am a simple human being but a big dreamer. I come from rural India and I am passionate about entrepreneurship. I love ideas and innovation. I was enterprising since my childhood.”

Three Wheeled Revolution Interviewer

Congratulations on your achievement When and how did you conceive this idea?
Irfan Alam: I was 17 at that time. I was travelling in a rickshaw and in the middle of the journey I was very thirsty.

I asked the rickshaw puller if he had any water. He said he did not have because it was expensive to get bottles of water and stack them. Immediately I thought there was a market for selling water bottles in the rickshaws. The very next day I talked to 5 rickshaw pullers and gave them 8 bottles of water each. I told them the profit would be split between them and me. For each bottle the profit would be Rs. 2. The very first day I got 8 rupees.

I: You were very young when you came up with and executed this idea.
IA: Yes. I think entrepreneurship is in my blood. I had an interest in business from a very early age. During the stock market scam in 1992, my father and many of his friends lost a lot of money. That was when I took interest in the stock market and started researching various companies.

Using my advice, all of my father’s friends recovered their losses. Many of them made profits. This enabled me to start my first portfolio management firm at the age of 13. When my parents found that I was dabbling in the rickshaw sector as well, they asked me to stop doing it and concentrate on my studies. But my interest never went away. I kept reading and researching about this sector all through my college days in Pondichery where I pursued my Master’s of Foreign Trade degree.

I: What was the spark that revived this idea?
In 2006, an Indian TV show called Business Baazigar began an entrepreneur hunt and solicited ideas for new businesses. I entered this contest with a proposal. My idea was to organize the rickshaw sector and make it a profitable venture. I suggested that rickshaws should be redesigned so that the spaces on the vehicles could be sold for advertising and brand promotion. I also suggested that additional incomes could be got by selling water, juice, biscuits, mobile cards and newspapers to the passengers. I won the show and was offered the seed money of Rs. 150 lakhs.

I: Was SammaaN started with this seed money?
IA: No. I realized that the entry barrier to this business was very low. The only way to sustain this business was to get the loyalty of the rickshaw pullers. I wanted to provide them with insurance, ID-cards and uniforms. I wanted to run it as a ‘not-for-profit’ organization. At that time I did not think about any social entrepreneurship. I thought it to be the best way to sustain the business and the easiest way to get banks to give out loans. Since the organizers of the TV show did not agree to this model, I refused to take the seed capital.

IA: As I learned more about the rickshaw pullers, their lives and theirsorrowful condition, it became a social cause. There are some 10 million rickshaws operating in India. Most of the rickshaw pullers don’t own their rickshaws. They take them on rent for about 30 to 40 rupees a day. What they get after paying the rent is hardly enough to maintain their families. They continue at the bottom of the society. I wanted to create an organization that could empower the rickshaw pullers and find a way to increase their incomes. It would be a win-win situation for both. I believe in C.K. Prahlada’s idea that businesses can be successful by targeting the bottom of the pyramid. SammaaN was founded in 2007 with seed money from family and friends.

I: Can you describe the operation model of SammaaN?
When a rickshaw puller approaches SammaaN, a verification process is done. The rickshaw puller is then given training on basic etiquette and traffic rules. Then we help him to get a bank loan for a new rickshaw. In the past banks were reluctant to give loans to this section of people. Now they give because we stand as guarantors. The rickshaw pullers feel empowered because they are pulling their own rickshaws. We also give them accidental and health insurance. Each driver is given an ID card. He has to wear uniform while operating the vehicle. The rickshaw puller now becomes a member of the SammaaN family.

I: How does SammaaN help increase the revenues of the rickshaw pullers? How does SammaaN get its revenues?
SammaaN rickshaws are designed to have plenty of space to display advertisements. Several local and national brands advertise here. The income from advertisement is shared between the rickshaw pullers and the SammaaN. Rickshaw pullers can choose to sell water, fruit juice, pre-paid cards, mobile phones etc. They come to a central rickshaw yard in the morning and load up what they want. At the end of the day the profit is shared between them and SammaaN. The money they get from the passengers is theirs. The incomes of the rickshaw pullers have increased 30 to 40%.

There are other benefits also for which we cannot put any monetary value. Rickshaw pullers now have a sense of belonging and empowerment. Their wives and children attend free evening classes called Sammaan Gyaan. SammaaN has brought dignity to those previously known as menial labourers. SammaaN is profitable. Last fiscal year, it made a profit of 8 lakhs. My mentors emphasize the importance of sustainability.

I: Does SammaaN get directly involved in micro-financing?
No. We just enable the rickshaw pullers to get finance from the banks. Now they pay only the bank loan as instalment and eventually become the owners of the rickshaw.

I: Aren’t cycle rickshaws a dying breed?
Rickshaws are still popular in many parts of the country. In the last 2 to 3 years the number of rickshaws has actually increased in New Delhi by 20%. It is a popular transport to and from the metro stations. I think rickshaws are the vehicles of the future as they are environmental friendly. We have an R&D wing working on a solar- powered fibreglass rickshaw.

I: What were your experiences at the Presidential Entrepreneurship Summit at the USA?

IA: I met some truly great people. I talked to the Nobel Prize Winner Mohammed Yunus. He invited me to Bangladesh to help set up a similar organization for the rickshaw workers there.

I: What is your advice to students on.entrepreneurship? OBRI:
An entrepreneur is one who sees an opportunity and puts conscious efforts to make it an enterprise. People discourage youths from taking this path. It is time that we think of entrepreneurship as a career. It can tackle unemployment in the country. It is important to dream but one has to take calculated risks to achieve your dream.

I: Thank you very much. We wish you the very best foryour unique journey.

(Interview given to Sujata Ramprasad for India Cunents in May 2010, after participating in the Entrepreneurship Summit in Washington.)

About Irfan Alam : He is the founder and chairman of SammaaN Foundation. It is an Indian company which organizes rickshaw pulling sector in Bihar. Samman means respect. He is first to introduce pre-paid cycle.

Three-Wheeled Revolution (Interview) Summary in Malayalam

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two English Textbook Answers Unit 3 Challenges of Life Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus Two English Textbook Challenges of Life Questions and Answers Unit 3

“Be the change you want to see in the world.”

– Mahatma Gandhi

Challenges of Life About The Unit

Teenage is the period of dreams and hopes, enthusiasm and adventure. It is the most appropriate time to develop different views of life and to understand the challenges of the world. In this unit we will see the lives and attitudes of people who have made contributions to the society in their own ways. Definitions of success have changed. Success is not about just making money. It is about pursuing excellence to make a difference in the society. The unit introduces the concept of ‘entrepreneurship’ and emphasizes the dignity of labour.

The Unit has an interview with a young entrepreneur, a personal story and a poem. Irfan Alam tells us how concepts of business can be used for a social cause successfully. ‘Didi’ tells us how a 19-year old girl mad a difference in the slums of Mumbai. The ‘Stammer’tells us how something looks different when viewed from a different point.

Let’s Begin

Look at the following cartoon strip, Can you build a story on them?

Question 1.
Use your imagination to develop a story in the above comic strip. Make sure to give your story a beginning, a climax (turning point) and an ending. You can add details about the setting of the story (time and place) and the characters (name, profession, personality traits etc.) Discuss your ideas with your partner and modify your story. Now narrate the story to your class. Have fun!
Answer:
Gopal worked as a chef in a restaurant. He prepared delicious meals for the customers and people came to the restaurant to enjoy Gopal’s food. He was a happy with a loving wife and a darling daughter.

It was Monday the 10th of May 2014. As usual Gopal went to his restaurant to do his work. He was summoned to the office of the Manager. Gopal got the shock of his life when his manager told him that he was fired from his job as he got another trained chef in his place. Gopal did not wait to argue with the rude manager, who dismissed him from service without any notice or any valid reason.

With a sad heart Gopal was walking back home thinking what he would to make a living. He was passing by the local bus stop. There were many people waiting for the bus. Suddenly he saw a bird sitting on an electric wire with a straw in her beaks. It was trying to build a nest. An idea suddenly occurred to him: “Why don’t I begin a restaurant here?” There was an empty shop nearby which he could get on rent. The problem was money.

He went home and told his wife what happened. She was an understanding wife. She immediately took out her bangles and told him to pawn them to get money to start a small restaurant. He was reluctant to take the bangles. But she insisted. He went to the local financiers and got a loan. With the loan, he started “Gopal’s Food Comer” near the bus stop. Gopal’s Food Comer became very popular within days. Soon he got the bangles back and bought a couple more for his wife. The Food Corner soon developed into a big restaurant with a lot tables and chairs for customers. Even as Gopal is sitting on the Manager’s chair, he has not forgotten his past.

Question 2.
Comment on the following quotes:
Answer:
a) “If plan A didn’t work, the alphabet has 25 more letters! Stay cool!”
This is a very positive and optimistic quote. Sometimes people feel very disappointed when their plan fails. They feel sad and disappointed as if the whole world has crashed. The quote tells us that if a plan has failed there are other plans you can pursue. There can be plan A, plan B, plan C, etc. A is just one letter in the alphabet. There are 25 more! So be cool and don’t get worried.

b) If you don’t build your dream, someone will hire you to help build theirs. ”
All people, especially the youths, have dreams. But often we are afraid to build them for fear of failure. That is why many educated people look for government jobs because they feel secure there. But if you are intelligent and adventurous try to build your own dream. Bill Gates and Mukesh Ambani had big dreams. They hired people to build their dream. So instead of working for others to realize their dreams, be courageous and be an entrepreneur, building your own dreams.

Question 3.
Can you find more quotes on success? Collect them and write them on the chart to display in the classroom.
Answer:

• Where there is a will there is away.
• Rome was not built in a day.
• No pain, no gain.
• Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
• Success favours the lion-hearted.
• Success is not final, failure is not fatal; it is the courage to continue that matters.

Read And Reflect

Question 1.
Most of the teenagers dream big. Some of them pursue their dreams, choosing a different path from others. They plan their own route of life. Success is for those who think big and act differently.

Question 2.
Have you heard about ‘entrepreneurship’. Meet an entrepreneur who changed the lives of many people through his innovative enterprise. Here is an interview with him.

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two English Textbook Answers Unit 2 Chapter 3 The Hour of Truth Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus Two English Textbook The Hour of Truth Questions and Answers Unit 2 Chapter 3 (One Act Play)

Think And Write

Question 1.
Why was Mr Gresham arrested?
Answer:
Mr Gresham was arrested because he misappropriated the money of the bank.

Question 2.
Why didn ’t Baldwin explain his position to the papers?
Answer:
Baldwin did not explain His position to the papers because he did not think it necessary to tell them.

Question 3.
What was the change in the attitude of the members of the family when they came to know the amount of the bribe?
Answer:
The amount of the bribe was huge, 100,000 dollars. When the family members came to know the amount was such a huge one, they were all looking for excuses to make Baldwin do as Gresham wanted him to do. So far they were all honest people. But when the big temptation came, they were willing to compromise their principles.

Question 4.
How did Baldwin react to the opinion of his family?
Answer:
He told them that by accepting the bribe he would be doing a dishonourable thing. Even if outsiders may not know about it, the four of them will know. And once a dishonourable thing is done how can they be sure that they will be honest with each other? If he takes the money he will be a sham, a liar, a hypocrite and a thief. If he does a bad act it will stink to the Almighty Heaven.

Question 5.
Was Baldwin disloyal to Mr Grisham? Quote the relevant sentences to support your answer.
Answer:
He was not disloyal to Mr Gresham. Supporting somebody’s misdeed is not part of loyalty. Baldwin told Gresham he would not lie. Gresham “was not surprised. He’s known me for thirty-five years, and, well anybody who’s known me forthirty five year does not expect me to haggle with my conscience.” Baldwin further says, “He is desperate – he does not know what he is doing – or he wouldn’t have offered the money.”

Activity I (Analysis)

Question 1.
Pick out the striking dialogues of the play, as the samples given below, and try to deliver them in front of the whole class. Now write down the implied meaning of the dialogues in the column.

Answer:

Activity II: (Write-up)

The opening part of the play tells us about:

• The problem confronted by the characters
• The weather
• The mental condition of the characters

The play ends with:

• The appreciation of the protagonist
• The arrival of Marshall
• The revelation of Gresham’s confession

Question 2.
Now, prepare a write up on the opening and ending of the play:
Answer:
The play opens very beautifully with a fine description of the weather which is hot and sultry. We see the Baldwin family anxiously waiting for the return of its head. It obviously shows there is some trouble. Martha, Evie and John are worried why Baldwin has not returned home. Through this opening, the readers are made ready to receive some bad news that will bring in suspense and mystery.

The play ends settling all the questions that were raised in the beginning and through the events of the story. The good man is rewarded. Marshall, the President of the Third National, a huge prestigious bank comes with an offer of a good position for Baldwin. Baldwin feels happy that he does not have give evidence against his friend Graham as he has confessed his guilt. There is all round happiness. With his new job, the Baldwin family can have better days. Honesty is the best policy.

Activity III (Character sketch)

Question 3.
Read the notes on p. 66and16. Here is the character sketch of Baldwin.
Answer:
Robert Baldwin is the protagonist of this play. He lives in a trim little cottage with his wife Martha and his son John and daughter Evie. He is working as the governor of a bank owned by John Gresham. His salary is very low, 60 dollars a week. His son John earns only 30 dollars a week. With this limited income they live reasonably happily.

Suddenly there is a problem in their lives. John Gresham has misappropriated bank money and he is in jail. The bank is closed and Baldwin will have no job. Only Baldwin is the witness for the misappropriation. If he gives his true testimony, John Gresham will definitely go to jail for a long period. Baldwin is honest and he has taught his family the importance of honesty.

When Baldwin returns home after the arrest of John Gresham, his wife and children rush to him to know the latest news. Initially his wife and the children tell him that he should say the truth during the trial even if it means jail term for Gresham. But when they come to know that Gresham has offered him a bribe of 100,000 dollars just to say ‘I don’t remember’ when some incriminating questions are asked in the court, they change their stance. They try to find out all kinds of loopholes to make Baldwin accept the bribe. Martha, John and Evie do their best to make Baldwih’dhange his mind. But he asserts that he wants to go to his grave clean.

He does love Gresham. He even named his son after him. Even now he remembers how he worked with him for so long. They were boys together. They worked side by side. All this is true, but he is not willing to tell a lie to save his friend and employer even when he is offered a colossal sum of 100,000 dollars.

Baldwin’s honesty is repaid abundantly. Even Gresham is proud of him and he recommends him to Mr Marshall, the President of the Third International. At the end of the play we see Marshall coming to the house of Baldwin and offering him a job at the Third International. We see Baldwin crying in the end. He must have been crying for two reasons – his friend Gresham has confessed his guilt and he will surely be punished. Secondly he is shedding tears of joy in gratitude to God who has amply repaid his honesty. Honesty, Baldwin proves, beyond an iota of doubt, is the best policy.

Activity IV (Group Discussion)

Question 4.
What according to you are the reasons for corruption?
Answer:

• Insincerity
• Extravagant family
• Lack of commitment to society
• Greed
• Insatiable love for worldly pleasures
• Thinking that one will live for ever
• Lack of faith in the after life
• Immorality

Question 5.
What are the evil effects of corruption?
Answer:

• Services are not provided in time
• Prevents/blocks development
• Inequality in society
• Poverty, disease and ignorance can’t be eradicated
• Makes people lazy as they look for short-cuts to make money
• Diligence and hard work are not valued
• Brings immorality in the society
• Values are thrown to the wind
• Money becomes god

Make a Group Discussion on the Topic: Corruption Curtails the Development of the Country.
Use the above ideas to conduct a fine GD (Group Discussion).

Activity V (Compering)

Question 6.
Think that you are selected to introduce the actors of die play ‘The Hour of Truth’to the audience. Prepare a script.
Answer:
These are the main characters:
a) Baldwin is the protagonist (hero) of the play. He is a family man who values honesty before anything else. Even a 100,000 bribe for just saying “I don’t remember’ can’t buy him. In spite of pressures from his wife, son and daughter he sticks to his principle. He wants to go to his grave clean! An exceptional man!

b) Martha is the wife of Baldwin. She is proud of her honest husband. But the bribe of 100,000 dollars to her husband makes her ready to give up her principles. She looks for loopholes to take the money without any guilty feeling: She is a worldly woman who can’t resist the twinkle of money.

c) John is the 27-year old son of Baldwin and Martha. He earns just 30 dollars a week. Initially he supports the truth. But the lure of money makes him forget his morals. Telling a simple lie for 100,000 dollars is not a sin!

d) Evie is the daughter of Baldwin and Martha. She is proud of her honest father and loves him dearly. She wants him to stick to the truth. But on hearing about the offer of 100,000 dollars for a small lie, her morality is shaken to the roots. Normal for a young girl from a not-so-rich family.

Activity VI (Readers’ Theatre)

Reader’s theatre is a vocal rendering of the script of a play. There are no stage settings, costumes or actions involved in it. The script of the play is read out with proper voice modulation. It is used to improve listening and reading skills.
Assume the various roles in the play and present the Readers’ theatre of “The Hour of Truth’ in the class.
This is to be practically done by the students.

Activity VII (Language practice)

A. Tense:
Question 7.
Read the passage given on p. 68 of the Text.

a. Fill in the blanks choosing the right option from the brackets.
Answers:

• Started
• Built
• Wasn’t selling
• Occupied
• Read
• Was waiting
• Noticed
• Was playing
• Was approaching
• Ran
• Grabbed
• Offered
• Left
• Went

b. Fill in the blanks using the correct tense forms of the verbs in brackets.
Answer:

1. Sekhar was now with the Xanadu, a government publication. He joined it a year ago. Since then he has been publishing articles on various subjects. Next week he will write on the importance of being honest in public life.
2. I reached the school a little late this morning. My friend was waiting for me there. He said that he had been waiting there for half an hour.
3. Yesterday, they went home only after they had finished their work. But today they just decided that they would not work after five o’clock.

B. Reported Speech

Question 8.
Read the notes and examples given on below:
[am, is, are – was, were, do/does – did, will – would, can – could, have, has – had, want/like/know/go etc. – wanted/liked/knew/went, etc.]

[The past simple (did/saw/knew, etc.) can usually stay the same in reported speech, or you can change it to the past perfect
(had done/had seen / had known, etc.)]

e.g. Direct : Tom said, “I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to work.

Report The Following:
“You aren’t worried, are you?” Tony asked.
“Noway, man,” Felix laughed out loud. “Ijustthink it’s cooler if we split right here. After the fight, we can get it together again like nothing ever happened.”
Answer:
Tony asked Felix whether he was worried. Felix laughed it off saying he wasn’t. He thought it would be better if they split right there. After the fight they could get together again as if nothing had ever happened.

b. Complete the following passage: (The words in the Direct speech are listed below:)
1. “Take the first turning to the left.”
2. “Keep straight till you reach the main road.”
3. “You will see the post office facing you.”
4. “How far is it?”
5. “It’s about half a mile at the most.”
Answer:
I was walking down the road the other day when a man stopped me and asked the way to the nearest post office. I told him to take the first turning to the left, and keep straight till he reaches the main road, where he would see the post office facing him on the opposite side of the road. He asked me how far it was and I told him it was about half a mile at the most. He thanked me and walked off.

C. The Passive

Question 9.
Read the notes on the Passive given on below:

It is remarkable how rapidly the country is developing. Progress (1) ………….. (make) everywhere. In the town, old houses (2) ………….. (pull down) and fine new blocks of flats (3) ………….. (put up) in their place. Large factories (4) ……………… (build) within easy reach of the town. In these, only the most modern machinery (5) ……………. (install). Good highways (6) ………………… (construct) to connect one town with another. In the countryside, too, a great deal (7) ………… (do) to increase agricultural production through new techniques. Irrigation schemes (8) ……………… (introduce) everywhere. In the south, large areas of land, which were once desert (9) ……………… extensively …………………… (cultivate). It is a pleasure to see how much (10) ……………… (achieve) through planning and hard work.

a. Complete the following passage:
Answer:
(Here you can choose between the simple present and the present continuous tense.)
It is remarkable how rapidly the country is developing. Progress is (being) made everywhere. In the town, old houses are (being) pulled down and new blocks of flats are (being) put up in their place. Large factories are (being) built within easy reach of the town. In these, only the most modern machinery is (being) installed. Good highways are (being)/have been constructed to connect one with another. In the countryside, too, a great deal has/ is to be done to increase agricultural production through new techniques. Irrigation schemes have/are to be introduced everywhere. In the south, large areas of land, which were once desert, have/are extensively been/being cultivated. It is a pleasure to see how much has been (is being) achieved through planning and hard work.

b. Rewrite the following newspaper report, using the passive forms of the verbs underlined:
Answer;

Daring Raid at Local Hotel

The Manager of the Ridgeway Hotel was held at gunpoint by thieves last night during a daring raid in which nearly Rs. 50,000 was taken from the hotel safe. Several of the bedrooms also were broken into and articles of value were removed.

The thieves made their escape through the kitchen, where several pieces of equipment were damaged. The chef was injured when he tried to stop them and he was left lying unconscious on the floor. The thieves were arrested early this morning.

Activity VIII (Let’s edit)

Question 10.
Given blow is a letter mailed by the winner of the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament (Amigo Brothers) in response to the show cause notice sent by the Secretary of the Sports Authority.

There are a few errors in it Identify them. Now, re¬write the letter with necessary corrections.
(Hint The errors are in the following areas: spelling, tense, word order, redundancy)
Answer:
102 W,7mAve.
E.Manhattan, NY
15 August 2005 ‘
The Secretary
Sports Authority
845, 3n, Ave., NY

Sir,
Sub: Not Receiving Medal at the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament
Ref: Your Show Cause Notice dated 8 August 2005

I really regret the inconvenience I caused during the valedictory function of the Tournament. I do believe that in a game a contestant should fight well with true sportsman spirit rather than fight for a medal. I also believe that the value of a medal is not greater than the bond between human relationships. Please remember that my opponent was by closest friend.

I know that I won the match only because of my friend. He frightened me throughout the game. But in the last few minutes I faced only mild punches from him. He wanted me to win the match.

In the circumstances I may kindly be exempted from any disciplinary action.

Yours truly,

Sd/-
(Felix Vargas)

The Hour of Truth (One-act play) Edumate Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mr. John Gresham, who is under police custody, sends Robert Baldwin a message expressing his wish to meet Robert as early as possible. Complete the message.
The message begins like this:
Hi Robert,
I am going through the worst time of my life …………….
Answer:
Hi Robert,
t am going through the worst time of my life. As you know I am accused of misappropriation of bank money and I am in jail. I want to see you as early as you can make it. Our meeting is a life and death issue for me. So do not hesitate to come. I want to talk to you some very personal and urgent matters.

Your delay in coming would cost me my liberty and you your job in the bank. So do come immediately and don’t delay.

With love,
John

Question 2.
John Gresham offered hundred thousand dollars to Robert Baldwin. But he rejected it. Later he told his family ‘I’ll go to my grave clean!’ What trait of Baldwin’s character is evident here?
Answer:
The trait of character evident here is his honesty. He does not want to take a bribe, however big it is, and tell a lie. He wants to die as a man of integrity and truth.

Question 3.
On the eve of John’s arrest, Robert Baldwin sent him an e-mail persuading him to close down the bank. Draft the e-mail for Robert Baldwin.
Answer:
[email protected]

Sub: Closing down the Bank

dear john,
I have got some definite information that the police will come and arrest you soon. Somebody has complained against you and accused you of misappropriating bank money. I was going through the records and I find there are many discrepancies which we can’t explain to the police, if they come to the bank to investigate the matter. So in the best interest of all, I strongly recommend that you close down the bank. Keeping it open will bring you more troubles. With more time in our hands we can see how we can settle the things in a proper way.

I hope you will take my suggestion seriously and close the bank down.

Robert

Question 4.
Robert Baldwin decides to join Third National. He writes a letter to Mr. Marshall expressing his willingness to join Third National. Write the likely letter.
Answer:
Robert Baldwin
II /47 Kennedy Street
Washington DC
November?, 2016

Mr. Marshal Smith
President, Third National
Lincoln Street
Washington DC

Dear Sir,
Sub: Willingness to join Third National
Thank you for your offer letter TN/Est/Per/143 dated
November 5,2016.1 am willing to take up the job.
I request you to give me a period of 2 weeks to settle certain matters with which I am busy at the moment.
I will be able to join on November 23.

Thank you!

Yours faithfully,
(Robert Baldwin)

Question 5.
Read the excerpt from the play ‘The Hour-of Truth.’
Evie : And Mr. Gresham hasn’t done anything really wrong.
John : It’s a technicality, that’s what it is. Nobody loses a cent. Nobody wants to see him punished.
Do you agree with Evie and John? Substantiate your views in a paragraph.
Answer:
I don’t agree with Evie and John. Both of them know Mr. Gresham has misappropriated bank money. If Robert Baldwin, their father, simply says three words during the trial of Gresham, he is promised a bribe of a colossal sum of 100,000 dollars. Forthe poor family, this is a huge sum. If that money comes to the family, Evie and John can do some of the things they want to do, but were unable to do because of the lack of money. So they are making excuses to make their father accept the bribe.

Evie says Mr. Gresham has not done anything really wrong as if she is the judge! John dismisses the misdeed of Gresham by calling it a mere technicality. Moreover he says nobody will lose a cent and nobody wants Gresham to be punished. So his logic is there is nothing wrong if his father takes the 100,000 dollars offered to him. These young children are talking like some modern lawyers who twist the truth for their advantage. They don’t mind twisting the truth if the payment is good.

Question 6.
Evie and John Baldwin are the true representatives of the modern world where money moulds choices. In the light of the reading of The Hour of Truth’ express your opinion on the above statement.
Answer:
Money Moulds Choices
Evie and John are definitely true representatives of the modem world where money moulds the choices. Both of them knew very well that Mr. Gresham has misappropriated bank money. When they come to know that if their father, Robert Baldwin, simply says three words “I don’t know” during the trial of Gresham, he is promised a bribe of a colossal sum of 100,000 dollars, they want their father to say those three words and collect the money. For the poor family like Evie’s and John’s, this is a huge sum. If that money comes to the family, Evie and John can do some of the things they want to do, but were unable to do because of the lack of money. So they are making excuses to make their father accept the bribe.

Evie says Mr. Gresham has not done anything really wrong as if site is the judge! John dismisses the misdeed of Gresham by calling it a mere technicality. Moreover he says nobody will lose a cent and nobody wants Gresham to be punished. So his logic is there is nothing wrong if his father takes the 100,000 dollars offered to him. These young children are talking like some modem lawyers who twist the truth for their advantage. They don’t mind twisting the truth if the payment is good.

This is the typical attitude of the modern world. Honesty, integrity and truth have no meaning to most of the modern people who can simply close their eyes to truth if it is beneficial to them. Forthe modem people addicted to the consumer culture, money is God. They are prepared to sacrifice anything – their conscience, soul and spirit – for money. Mammon is the modem god and people do not even feel shame to worship him in the open! They have forgotten the old ditty: “If you lose wealth, you lose nothing; if you lose health, you lose something; but if you lose character, you lose everything!”

Question 7.
The employees of John Gresham under the leadership of Donovan, the assistant cashier, decides to take all possible steps to put John Gresham behind the bars forthe wrong he has done. On behalf of Donovan, draft a letter of complaint to the Chief of Police highlighting the need to curtail such illegal activities in future.
Answer:
Donovan C.
Secretary, Employees Union
John Gresham Banking Co.
Washington DC
7 November 2016
The Chief of Police
Police Headquarters
Washington DC

Sir,
Sub: Misappropriation of Bank Money by John Gresham
As the representative of the Employees of John Gresham, I want to bring to your notice the misappropriation of Bank money by Mr. Gresham. He has misappropriated a very huge amount causing the crash of the Bank. Currently he is in jail awaiting trial.

Mr. Robert Baldwin is the governor of the Bank. As far as we know he is an upright person who will do nothing against his conscience. So, the sole culprit is John Gresham.

Banking is an industry built on faith and John Gresham has done great damage to that faith. We all lost our jobs and we are in trouble. We request you to take strict measures against John Gresham and recoverthe misappropriated amount from him. He should be given such severe punishment so that it will be deterrent to the people who want to cheat people.

Hoping you will take immediate action,

Yours faithfully,
Donovan C.
(Secretary)

Question 8
Mr. Tom, an incredibly accomplished and successful businessman, while addressing young professionals, once said:
“It’s absolutely essential to think freely. I’ve seen people very busy who never really seem to do any thing.” If you think, you’ll realize that it’s impossible to concentrate on fifty different things at a time. It’s high time we take things seriously and make sure to give that activity your full attention. To be precise, you need to make money by doing something that has already been proven successful.

Replace the italicized portion choosing appropriate idiomatic expressions from the options given below, (get down to business, smooth sailing .think out of box, in a nutshell, glimpse Into the future, in a beehive)
Answer:
Idioms
think freely-think out of the box
very busy – in beehive
take things seriously – get down to business
to be precise – in a nutshell

Question 9
The following are some of the key points noted down by a reporter who was assigned the task of reporting the John Gresham-bank crash case.

• Wrecking of the bank
• Mr. John Gresham found guilty
• Mr. Gresham arrested
• Robert Baldwin-only witness
• The trial begins in twenty four hours
• The bank closed down

Based on the points, prepare a report of the incident. Give a catchy title to the report.
Answer:
Bank Crashes – Misappropriation Alleged
Washington DC: The John Gresham Bank has crashed. Its owner John Gresham is arrested and is in jail. The Bank is closed and sealed. Customers are panicky not knowing what has happened.

On contacting the governor of the Bank Mr. Robert Baldwin, he said he knew nothing about the misappropriation. If anything has happened, as alleged, he does not know anything about it. He is only the governor of the bank and major business is transacted by the owner Mr. Gresham himself.

We also contacted Mr. Donovan. He is the Asstt. Cashier of the bank and he has been working there for the last 8 years. He was as surprised as we were about the crash of the bank. He said he had planned to work in the bank all his life because he had considered the bank an excellent one. He even got married on the strength of his job here. He was now more worried than even the customers!

The police say that John Gresham has taken away huge sums from the Bank and deposited them in the numbered Swiss Bank accounts. He was planning to run away with his family to Switzerland and live there comfortably with his misappropriated money.

The trial of the case will begin in 24 hours.

Question 10
Your school is staging the one act play The Hour of Truth.’As the director of the play, you are asked to introduce the play to the audience. Prepare the script for introduction.
(Hints: theme, message, relevance of the play in the present day world etc.)
Answer:
Respected Principal, teachers and friends,

You are going to see a one-act play titled The Hour of Truth’ by Percival Wilde. In the play we see how money moulds minds in the modern world. Robert Baldwin is the governor of the John Grisham Bank. His wife is Martha and he has two children Evie and John. His salary is just 60 dollars a week. Robert is a man of honesty and he has taught his family of the importance of being honest.

John Gresham misappropriates bank money and he is in jail. The bank crashes. Robert is asked to meet John urgently in the jail. John offers him a bribe of 100,000 dollars to say “I don’t remember” in the court when the case comes to trial. By saying those words, Robert will save John from punishment.

Robert comes home and talks about the offer to his wife and children. The three of them suddenly start thinking of ways to get the 100,000 dollars. They give suggestions to Robert. Will Robert take their suggestions and accept the money from John and say in the court “I don’t remember” when the judge asks him about the misappropriation?

I will not tell you the answer now. See it on stage! Have a nice time watching the play!

Question 11.
Go through the excerpt taken from The Hour of Truth’
John : They’re going to punish Gresham, aren’t they?
Baldwin : I’m afraid so.
John : What for?
Baldwin : For misappropriating the fund of the bank.
John : Oh, I know that. But what crime has he committed?
Report this conversation from Martha’s point of view.
Answer:
John asked Baldwin whether they were going to punish Gresham.
Baldwin replied that he was afraid so.
John again asked what it was for.
Baldwin replied that it was for misappropriating the fund of the bank.
John commented that he knew that and asked but what crime he had committed.

Question 12.
When Mr. Marshall enters the scene and speaks about Gresham’s confession Martha, Robert’s wife feels extremely proud of her husband. She speaks volubly on the ideal qualities of Robert Baldwin.
My husband: …………………………………………………………………… Now, complete it for her.
(Hints: Principles Robert stood for, his self-confidence, uncompromising attitude, commitment towards the family etc.)
Answer:
My husband Robert is a gem of a person. Without hesitation, I can say that he is a synonym for honesty. He has practiced it all his life and he has been trying to instill it into our two children and also me. His salary is very small. He gets only $60 a week but he will never think of increasing his income by questionable means. He is a man of self-confidence and he is sure of himself. He has an uncompromising attitude. He is highly committed to his family and he spends a lot of prime time with us.

My husband neither drinks nor smokes nor gambles. He could have easily taken the money offered by John Gresham and we could have lived a more comfortable life. In fact Evie, John and even I tried to persuade him that saying “I don’t remember” in the court is not a big sin at all and he should say it and get the money promised to him by John Gresham. He loves John Gresham and that is why he named our son John. But neither his love for Gresham nor his desire to give his family better comforts would persuade him to take a bribe. That is my husband and I am proud of him.

The Hour of Truth (One-act play) About The Author

– Percival Wilde – (1887-1953)

Percival Wilde (1887-1953) was known for his plays and detective stories. This play is from the volume entitled “A Question of Morality and Other Plays”. It is a striking psychological study on the corrupting influence of money on people.

The Hour of Truth (One-act play) Summary in English

The Scene: At Baldwin’s
It is a hot and sultry Sunday afternoon. The sun overhead and the baked clay underfoot are merciless. In the distance, lowering clouds promise rain. At the Baldwin family, the people are awaiting the return of Baldwin.

John, Baldwin’s son, is an average youth of 27. He is smoking a pipe as if today is not anything different from the other days. His mother is knitting without much progress. Evie is trying to conceal her nervousness.

There is a tense pause. Nobody wants to break the silence. For the tenth time, in ten minutes, Evie goes to the window and look? oyt along the road.

Martha says that he should have come by now. She hopes he has not forgotten his umbrella as usual. She thinks it might rain and asks Evie about it. Without waiting for an answer Martha goes to the window and looks out anxiously. She says the sky is dark. Suddenly she starts because there was a flash of lightning.

Page 51: John moves to a nearby centre-table and knocks the ashes out of his pipe. His mother turns to him. She asks him to go to his father’s room and see that the windows are closed. John goes.

Evie tries to get the attention of her mother. She asks her why Mr. Gresham wanted her father. Has he done anything wrong? Martha says he has done nothing wrong. Mr. Gresham wanted to talk to him. Evie wants to know what is the thing that Mr. Gresham wanted to talk about. Mr Gresham has been arrested and they are going to try him the following day. Why does he want her father?

Martha says he is going to give evidence. Evie wants to know since her father is going to give evidence against Mr Gresham why does he want to see her father. Martha says she does not know. Robert does not say much about his business affairs. She did not know there was anything wrong with the bank until she saw it in the newspapers. Robert did not tell her to draw her money out. By doing that it would not be loyal to Mr. Gresham. But she withdrew the money against his wishes because she suspected something.

Evie wants to know if her father had anything to do with the wrecking of the bank. Did he know what was going oh. The papers are saying bad thing about him. Martha says they haven’t been fairto him.

Page 52: Evie says the papers said that he must have been a fool not to know that. Only he and Gresham could have known it. Then why didn’t he stop it? Martha says he was acting under Gresham’s orders. Evie wanted to know why her father should follow Gresham’s orders. Martha believes Robert never did a wrong thing in his life. He did not know he was wrong. He found it by accident. He found out what Gresham was doing. Evie wants to know how she knows all this.

Martha says she does not know it,for saw. But she suspects it. She is sure that Robert has not done anything Evie sees herfather coming. Martha asks Evie to stay where she is. She would like to talk to her husband first. John and Evie look at each other. John wonders what Gresham had to tell him. He looks through the window and sees it has started raining. John suddenly opens the door and greets his father. Baldwin comes in followed by Martha. He shakes hands with John and kisses Evie.

Page 54: Martha asks Robert if his shoes are wet. Baldwin says he took the car and so he is not wet. He goes to a chair and sits. John asks his father to tell them something about the problem. Baldwin pretends he did not understand. John says that people have been talking rotten things about his father. He could not contradict them. Baldwin asks why he could not. John says he did not know. Baldwin says but he knows his father. He says it was only a day before the smash-up he found out what Gresham was doing. He then asked Gresham to put all the money he had taken away back into the bank. But he said he could not. Then he told him to close the bank. But Gresham did not want to do that. But he made him do it. He was very angry. But Baldwin had the upper hand.

Evie says the papers did not mention those things. Baldwin says it was not necessary to tell them. Martha says by not telling the truth Robert is allowing people to doubt him.

Page 55: Baldwin says it will be cleared the following day. Gresham wanted to see him. The trial begins in 24 hours. He is the only witness against Gresham. He asked him to tell the court that he had an attack of poor memory. If he tells all the things he knows Gresham will go to jail. No power on earth can save him. Therefore he wants him to forget a little – the essential things. He told him when they question him he should say “I don’t remember.” They can’t prove whether he remembers or not. John thinks it would be a lie.

Baldwin says it is a lie. But it is done every day. And they could not touch him and they cant convict Gresham. Martha was angry at Gresham’s daring to ask her husband to tell a lie. Evie wants to know what her father’s reply to Gresham was. Baldwin asks John what would he have said if such a- request was made to him. John says he would have told him to go to the devil. Baldwin says he did the same thing. But he did not use the words John used. He is an old friend. But Gresham knew what he meant. Evie wants to know what was Gresham’s reaction.

Page 56: Baldwin says Gresham was not surprised. He had known him for 35 years. Anybody who knew him that long won’t expect him to tell a lie. If it was somebody else he would have hit him on the face. But Gresham and he were boys together and they worked side by side. He has been working for him since he started business. He is desperate now. He does not know what he is doing. He offered him money.

John was surprised to hear that. Baldwin says he was offered 100,000 dollars. But he has only a few years to live and he wants to die clean. Gresham had put aside that money for him without anybody knowing it. He says it is out of his private fortune and not from the depositors’ money. It makes no difference.

Evie could not believe that her father was offered 100,000 dollars. Baldwin says he could get that money simply by saying one word ‘Yes’, or for nodding his head or even a look of the eyes. John wants to know whether Gresham meant what he said. Baldwin says his word is good. He never lied to him. He unlocked his drawer and showed him the 100,000 in cash. Baldwin examined them and found the bills (notes) were genuine. Evie enquires for that amount if her father has to simply say ‘I don’t remember’. Baldwin says yes.

Page 57: Baldwin says those three words would choke him if he tried to speak them. For some others it would be easy. If he told a lie all of his past would rise up and hit him in the face. It would mean he had been a living lie. He wouldn’t be then the honourable man he was thought to be. When John Gresham offered him money, he was angry. But Gresham showed no surprise which was a compliment to Baldwin. John says it was a compliment that cost him 100,00 dollars.

Martha wants to know if the depositors would lose much. Baldwin says they won’t lose a’cent. Evie felt the papers said a different story. Baldwin says they printed something without knowing the truth. They were simply guessing. He said he wanted Gresham to say the position regarding the depositors’ money. It will come out the following day.

John wanted to know why he did not say the truth to the papers before. They had been asking him. Baldwin says nothing forced him to give an answer. Baldwin thinks Gresham will be punished for misappropriating funds. John wonders what crime Gresham has committed. Evie thinks if nobody loses anything there is no crime.

Page 58: Baldwin says they can’t let Gresham go free. He is too conspicuous. John wants to know whether it is right. Baldwin says his opinion does not matter. But he is sorry for Gresham. John thinks it is a technicality. Since nobody loses a cent, why should Gresham be punished! Evie wants to know if it is too bad if her father lets Gresham off. Baldwin says he wants to let Gresham off, but he is not the judge. Evie says he is the only witness against Gresham. John supports her. He further says that it is bad if they put John Gresham in jail because his father named him John Gresham.

Martha wants clarification. She wants Baldwin to repeat what Gresham told him. Baldwin says Gresham told him to get him off tomorrow. Martha wants to know if he can do that. Baldwin says yes, by answering ‘I don’t remember1 when they ask him dangerous questions.

Page 58: Martha wants to know if he remembers everything. Baldwin says yes. John wants to know if he remembers everything. Baldwin says yes because he has notes also. John then wants to know if he will remember things without those notes. He thinks he will have to rely on the notes. Baldwin says everybody else does the same thing. John then says that means if he says ‘I don’t remember’ it won’t be far from the truth. Martha also thinks that Gresham is not asking too much from Baldwin. Baldwin is surprised to see Martha encouraging him to say ‘I don’t remember’.

Martha says she is as honorable as her husband. She thinks it is not right to send an old friend to jail. When their son John was baptized Gresham stood sponsor for him and they were very proud. Does Robert remember what he said that day when they were returning home from Church? He had said, “Martha, may our son always live up to the name which we have given him.”Baldwin says he dimly remembers it.

Page 60: Martha says it would be very sad if their son’s name should come to grief through him (Robert). Robert wants to know if Martha is telling him to accept the bribe money Gresham offered. Evie wants to know why he calls it bribe money. Robert says Gresham called it with a prettier name. He said he had underpaid him all those years. He said the 100,000 represented the difference between what he had paid and what actually he deserved.

Martha says Gresham was right. Robert had worked sincerely for him all those years. Robert said that Gresham felt that if he had paid him what he should have, Robert would have more than 100,000 by now. John agrees with the logic of Gresham. Baldwin says he never asked him to raise his salary. When he raised it, it was on his own accord. He asks Evie for her opinion.

Evie says what people would think if her father goes to the stand to give witness and they put John Gresham in jail. Robert says they will think he has done his duty. Evie says that when the depositors find out that they have not lost any money, they will not want Gresham to go to jail. They will feel sorry for him. Baldwin agrees.

Page 61: John says people will not be happy with the man who caused Gresham to go to jail. Martha supports John and says people will say that Robert did not help an old friend. John says that when Robert pulls out the notes in court, Gresham will surely go to jail. Evie feels that Gresham has not done anything wrong. John says it is a mere technicality. Nobody loses a cent. Nobody wants Gresham punished. Evie says only her father wants Gresham punished. John wants to know how his father can send the man, whose name he has given to his son, to jail. Martha says she believes in mercy and Gresham has always been good to Robert. Martha also reminds him that he is out of work as the bank is closed.

Baldwin says he will find a position somewhere. John says that if Gresham does not go to jail he will start his business again and he will offer Robert a partnership. The 100,000 could be put in business. Moreover Gresham will remain grateful to Robert.

Page 62: Martha says 100,000 dolars would mean a lot to them. If Robert does not find a job soon, John, their son, will have to support them. John says he gets only 30 dollars a week and that would not be much for the family. Evie begins to weep. John tells his father that he has said nothing to the papers. If he says nothing more tomorrow, it will be simply sticking to his friend. He has done a lot for him and he has to reciprocate.

Baldwin tries to look at each one. They all turn their eyes away. Do they want him to take the money? He wants an answer, yes or no, from at least one of them. He could not go into partnership with Gresham. Martha asks him why. He says people would not trust him. John then says he could go into business with someone else. 100,000 is a lot of money.

Baldwin walks to the window. He says he never thought such a day would come. Whatever they say taking money from Gresham is a dishonorable thing. He asks all of them to admit it. John says nobody will hear of it. Baldwin says but they will know it among themselves. Whatever they are to the world, they should be honest with each other. He looks at each one. He lifts Martha’s head and looks into her eyes. He shudders. He calls them Shams, Liars, Hypocrites and Thieves. He is not better than any of them. They have seen their souls naked. He asks for an answer from them.

Page 63: Martha says it is not wrong. Baldwin says it is not right. John repeats that 100,000 dollars is a lot of money. John thinks he refused the money because he was afraid what they would say. Baldwin agrees. John says nobody will know it. Baldwin says except the 4 of them. John sees someone coming. Martha asks who it is. John says it is Marshall. The door bell rings, a maid enters and goes out through the other. She re-enters and says someone wants to see Robert. She hands him a card. It is Marshall. Martha wants to know if he is the President of the Third National. Baldwin says yes and wonders why he has come there. The maid asks him if he should send the visitor in. Baldwin asks her to send him in. The maid goes out.

Page 64: Martha crosses to him quickly and tells him to be careful of what he says. He is to go on the stand tomorrow. Baldwin says yes. Marshall enters the rom. He asks them if they are spending the afternoon indoors. He shakes hands with Mrs. Baldwin. Martha says they were just going out and calls Evie. Marshall says they don’t have to go out because of him. He tells that he has come to tell Baldwin that if he wants to work with the Third National, he will be given a position.

Baldwin is shocked. He asks Marshall if it is really true. Marshall says it is true. He had gone to see Gresham that afternoon. He told him about the offer he had made. “But he knew no amount of money would make you do something you thought wrong. He paid you the best compliment. Instead of making you testify against him, he confessed.” Baldwin sinks into a chair saying, ‘Confessed!’ Marshall continues and says he told him the whole story. He then turns to Martha and tells her that every man will be telling her how highly he honours and respects her husband. How sincere he was! Martha holds Marshall’s hand and asks him to stop praising as Baldwin is crying.

The Hour of Truth (One-act play) Summary in Malayalam

The Hour of Truth Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two English Textbook Answers Unit 2 Chapter 2 Amigo Brothers Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus Two English Textbook Amigo Brothers Questions and Answers Unit 2 Chapter 2 (Story)

Read And Respond

Question 1.
What is special about the friendship between Antonio and Felix?
Answer:
Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas were both 17. They were so together in friendship that they felt like brothers. They had known each other from childhood. They grew up in the same building on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.

Question 2.
How did they work to achieve their dream?
Answer:
They both had a dream – becoming a light-weight champion of the world. Whenever they got a chance they exercised, sometimes at the Boy’s Club and sometimes at the gym. They would run every day morning, wearing sweat shirts and short towels around their necks. They had a collection of Fight magazines. They also kept the torn tickets of all the boxing matches they had gone to see. They also had some clippings of their own.

Question 3.
What was the wall rising between them?
Answer:
They both had a dream – becoming a light-weight champion of the world. They both practised hard. They were told that they were to meet each other in the division finals scheduled for the 7th of August. That was 2 weeks away. The winner would represent the Boy’s Club in the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament. Th&’flieaftS’ ofriy on* of -them would go to the Tournament. This was the wall rising between them.

Question 4.
Felix decides to go to Aunt Lucy. Why?
Answer:
Both Felix and Antonio have come to know that they have to fight an elimination bout and only the winner would go to take part in the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament. So farthey have been running together and working out together. Now they have to have a plan of their own to defeat his rival in the bout. So they thought it was better that they separated. That is why Felix decides to go to Aunt Lucy.

Question 5.
Compare the thoughts and feelings of amigo brothers on the eve of their fight
Answer:
The evening before the big fight, Antonio made his way to the roof of his building. He tried not to think of Felix. He thought he had made up his mind. He would knock out Felix early and quickly so that he does not get hurt by a long fight. Felix decided to watch a movie in an effort to keep Antonio’s face away from his mind and fists. The film was The Champion’, acted by Kirk Douglas. The champion was getting beaten. Felix got a shock. He imagined himself in the ring, blasting Antonio against the ropes.

Question 6.
Both Antonio and Felix wanted to win in the first round. What might be the reason?
Answer:
Both Antonio and Felix wanted to win in the first round because they both wanted to win, and, at the same time they did not want to hurt each other by extending the fight into three full rounds.

Question 7.
The amigo brothers were popular as boxers. How do you know?
Answer:
They were popular as boxers. We know that from the fact that large posters about the fight were plastered all over the walls. The fight created great interest in the neighbourhood. Both the boys were liked and respected and each had his own loyal fans.

Question 8.
Do you think that the amigo brothers fought Fiercely in the first and second rounds? What makes you think so?
Answer:
Yes, I do. The amigo brothers fought fiercely in the first and second rounds. In the first round we see Antonio countering the attack of Felix with three lefts that snapped Felix’s head back, sending a mild shock coursing through him. Again we see Antonio crashing two lefts to Felix’s head which made his right ear ring. In the second round we see neither fighter giving an inch. We see Antonio getting a short right on his chin, turning his legs to jelly. We see Felix grunting like a bull throwing wild punches at Antonio from every direction. So both were trying to win by hitting the other as hard as they could.

Question 9.
Who, do you think, will win in the end?
Answer:
Both will win. Neither of them fell to the canvas and the referee and the two trainers had to pry Felix and Antonio apart. In fact their friendship won.

Question 10.
The amigo brothers rushed at each other after the final bout. Why? What does this tell us about their relationship?
Answer:
The amigo brothers rushed at each other afterthe final bout because they were proud of each other. They knew they would always be champions to each other. This tells us that their friendship is very strong and indestructible.

Think And Write

Question 1.
There are lots of similarities and differences between Antonio and Felix. List them.
Answer:
Similarities: They both are young boys of 17. They both are Puerto Ricans. They both want to become a light weight champion of the world. They both work out hard. They both run in the mornings. They both live in the same building on the Lower East side of Manhattan. They love each other very much. Neither of them wants the other to be hurt, although they both want to win.

Differences: Antonio was fair, lean and lanky. Felix was dark, short and husky. Antonio’s hair was always falling over his eyes, while Felix wore his black hair in an Afro style. Felix weigtiecfl 34 pounds, but Antonio weighed 133 pounds.

Question 2.
Antonio and Felix are intimate friends. Do you keep such intimacy with yourfriends? Describe your best friend.
Answer:
I have some intimate friends. Raj is my best friend. Raj is 18. He is fair, lean and tall. He comes from a rich family, but he is very humble. In the class he is very quiet, but outside he becomes very talkative. He is intelligent and works very hard. He wants to become an engineer, specializing in Computer Science. He likes chicken biriyani very much. He loves cricket and Hindi films. His hero in cricket is Dhoni and Virat Kohli. In films he likes Salman Khan. Among the heroines he likes Karina Kapoor and Deepik Padukone.

Question 3.
What is the main conflict in the story?
Answer:
The main conflict in the story is that of ambition. Both Antonio and Felix want to be champions. But only one of them can be a champion. So they decide to fight it out. In the end they realize that both are equally determined and equally strong.

Question 4.
The crowd was enthusiastic in the beginning. Why did people get worried in the end?
Answer:
The crowd was enthusiastic in the beginning. Large posters about the fight were plastered all overthe walls. The fight created great interest in the neighbourhood. Both the boys were liked and respected and each had his own loyal fans. As they gave each other punches the crowd was enthusiastic and loudly cheered them. But in the 3rd round the fight almost became a life and death affair. Both were punching each other so hard that even the referee got worried. They did not stop the fight even when the bell rang repeatedly and this made the people worried.

Question 5.
Nodreams can be realized without effort How far is this true in the case of Antonio and Felix?
Answer:
No dreams can be realized without effort. This is true in the case of Antonio and Felix. They both continued working hard till the last day of the fight. They even decided to go their separate ways till the fight was over. In the fight also they did not spare the opponent because he was his friend. They tried their best to win. No pain, no gain. There is a saying in English: The finest pearls are found in the deepest part of the ocean. Only those who make genuine efforts can get these pearls.

Activity I: (Write-up)

Question 1.
The box given below contains information about Antonio and Felix. Add more points to it
Answer:

• Felt themselves to be brothers
• Slept, ate, rapped and dreamt positive
• Both were young boys of 17
• Both were Puerto Ricans
• Both wanted to become a light weight champion of the world
• Both worked out hard
• Both ran in the mornings
• They lived in the same building on the Lower East side of Manhattan.
• They love each other very much.
• They did not want the other to be hurt
• Both were strong, one weighing 134 pounds and other 133.

Activity II (Making Announcements)

Question 2.
The following announcement was made by the announcer before the competition began: “Ladies and Gentlemen, now is the moment we have all been waiting for-the main event between two fine young Puerto Rican fighters… ”

Imagine yourself to be the announcer of the sports day in your school. Write the script of the announcement that you would make for any one event
Answer:
“Respected teachers, parents, boys and girls, now is the moment we all have been waiting for- the 400 Metres Relay Race. The fourteams are ready at their various spots. Look at their colours-orange, green, yellow and white. The batons are also of the same colour as their dresses. Soon the whistle will go and you will see the fastest runners of the school competing for the prize. Be ready for a breathtaking finish. I can see the referee ready to whistle. Okay… May the best team win!”

Activity III (Newspaper report)

Question 3.
Imagine that you are a newspaper reporter and you witness the contest between the amigo brothers ad note down the points which you would like to include in your report.
Answer:

• Venue – Tompkins Square Park
• Time-Afternoon
• Contestants – Antonio Cruz & Felix Vargas
• Park begins to fill up even earlier
• Fighters enter
• Crowd explodes with a roar
• Antonio & Felix bow gracefully and raise their arms in acknowledgment
• The announcement with the respective weights of the contestants
• Referee giving instructions
• Ground
• 2nd round
• 3rd round
• Final bell. Fighting does not stop. People get worried.
• The referee and the trainers separate the contestants
• The contestant embrace
• The announcement but the contestants had left, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship -amigo brothers!

Question 4.
Now prepare a newspaper report to be mailed to your editor.
Answer:
The fight between Antonio Cruz & Felix Vargas was scheduled to take place in Tompkins Square Park. The time was afternoon. Even before the scheduled fight, the Park begins to fill up because the fighters were much liked by the people around! There was expectation in all the faces to see a very good fight. The fighters enter and the crowd explodes with a roar. Antonio & Felix bow gracefully and raise their arms in acknowledgement to welcome they received from the crowd.

The announcer makes the announcement telling that the contest is between Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas, two fine Puerto Ricans. Felix Vargas weighs 134 pounds and his rival Antonio Cruz weighs 133 pounds. The winner will represent the Boy’s Club in the tournament of champions, the Golden Gloves. There will be no draw. The Referee now gives instructions telling them it should be a clean fight. In the first round both the contestants do their best to outwit the other. But both are equally strong. In the second round also the same things happen. Punches fly back and forth, but none is floored. Each punch is applauded thunderously by the crowd.

Now comes the third round. Each contestant wants to win. They punch each other very hard. Nobody falls to the canvas. The final bell rings. But the fight continues. The bell rings again and again. But there is no stopping to the fighting. People started getting worried. It looked as if they are witnessing a do or die fight and not a contest. There is utter silence. Then the referee and the trainers separate the contestants.

Now the contestants embrace. They have forgotten they were fighting like bulls up to a moment ago. The announcer makes an announcement. He is trying to name the winner and he looks around. But both Felix and Antonio had left like good old friends, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship. They proved themselves to be real amigo brothers! May their tribes increase!

Activity IV (Debate)

Question 5.
“The announcer turned to point to the winner and found himself alone. Arm in arm, the champions had already left the ring.”
The winner in the boxing competition left without receiving the prize. This is against the rules and regulations of a game. Do you agree to this opinion?

Now use these points to conduct a debate and assess your performance in the format.
My performance:
My fluency:
Relevance of points presented:
Could I establish my points?:
My body language:
The best performer (in my opinion):
His/her merits:
Answer:
If vou agree. Why? Write down your points below:

• Going away without receiving the prize is against the rules and regulations.
• Every competition has rules and regulations. The participants should obey them.
• If you break the rules, the competitions can’t be done properly.
• The competitors came to the competition knowing fully well only one could win as it was an elimination contest. Then why go away without taking the prize?
• If Felix and Antonio loved each other so much they should not have agreed to take part in the competition in public.
• They both had tried hard to defeat the other. So why doesn’t the winner collect his prize?

If you disagree, write down the reasons:

• Actually, nobody had won in the contest. The referee and the two trainers had to separate the contestants.
• Anybody has a right to refuse a prize.
• By taking the prize before the large crowd the winner must have made the other person sad.
• They both considered themselves as champions.
• Taking part in a contest does not force anyone to accept the prize.
• Their friendship was more valuable to them than the prize.
• They did their best and that is their prize.

Activity V (Book review)

Question 6.
Read the book review
Now, list the features of the review.

• Author
• Impression about the book

Answer:
Now, list the features of the review:

• Author – Arthur Conan Doyle
• Book – The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
• Number of Investigations -12
• The hero and his assistant – Sherlock Holmes and Watson
• The narrator of the incidents – Watson
• The ways Watson and Holmes solve mysteries and catch the culprits
• The suspense and mystery in the stories
• How little details which people often ignore prove useful in criminal investigations.
• Involvement of the reader in solving the mysteries
• Highly readable stories
• World-wide acceptance

Question 7.
Read the memoir ‘My greatest Olympic Prize’ by Jesse Owens and prepare a review of it.
Answer:

A Review Of My Greatest Olympic Prize By Jesse Owens

It is 1936. American Jesse Owens seems sure to win the long jump competition in the Olympic Games. The previous year he had jumped 26 feet, 8 1/4 inches, a record that would stand for 25 years.

As he walks to the long-jump pit, however, Owens sees a tall, blue eyed, blond German taking practice jumps in the 26-foot range. Owens feels nervous. He is acutely aware of the Nazis desire to prove ‘Aryan superiority.’And as a black son of a share cropper, he knows what it is like to feel inferior.

Oh his first jump, Owens inadvertently leaps from several inches beyond the takeoff board. Rattled, he fouls on his second attempt, too. One more foul and he will be eliminated.

At this point, the tall German introduces himself as Luz Long. “You should be able to qualify with your eyes closed!” he says to Owens, referring to his upcoming two jumps.

For the next few moments, the African American and the white model of Nazi manhood chat together. Then Long makes a suggestion. Since the qualifying distance is only 23 feet, 51/2inches, why not make a mark several inches before the takeoff board and jump from there, just to play it safe? Owens does and qualifies easily.

In the finals, Owens sets an Olympic record and earns the second of four gold medals. But who is the first person to congratulate him? Luz Long in full view of Adolf Hitler. Owens never again sees Long, who is later killed in World Warll.

“You could meltdown all the medals and cups I have,’ Owens later wrote, and they wouldn’t be a plating on the 24-carat friendship I felt for Luz Long.’ That congratulations from Luz Long was the greatest Olympic Prize for Jesse Owens.

The story is full of thrills. It is written in simple language. It has suspense of the highest kind. We feel proud that Jesse Owens blasted the myth of Aryan superiority propounded by Hitler and his cohorts.,

Activity VI (Homonyms)

Question 8.
Homonyms are multiple meaning words. They have the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings.

The word ‘trunks’ has different meanings. See the various sentences given below:
light, duck, pound, hunch, fair, gear
Answer:
Trunks =
i) shorts worn for sports
ii) The main part of a tree (tree-trunk)
iii) The space in the back of the car where we keep things
iv) The body of the elephant with which it lifts things box

Question 9.
Look at the following words. Find out at least two different meanings for these words and use them in sentences to make the meanings clear.
Answer:
a) Light:
i) the thing that makes things visible: There is no light in this room; I can’t see anything properly,
ii) not heavy – This table is very light; it may break easily.

b) Duck:
i) a water bird-There are some ducks in this pond.
ii) to avoid: He tried to punch me on my nose; but I ducked and so I was not hit.

C) Pound:
i) a measurement of weight : Felix weighed 134 pounds.
ii) To beat hard, to make into powder form: Many people like pounded yam very much.

d) Hunch:
i) feeling: I have a hunch that he will come today.
ii) A camel has a hunch on its back.

e) Fair:
i) not dark: Mariamma is a fair girt.
ii) good — Ne has a fair amount of money in the bank.

f) Gear:
i) A toothed wheel for adjusting speed: My car has 6 gears.
ii) Equipment or apparatus : A teacher’s gear consists of books and chalk.

Question 10.
The story ‘Amigo Brothers’ has many words related to boxing. Now look at the following games /sports. Find out as many words related to these games as possible. ‘
Answer:
Cricket: Bat, ball, wicket, run, batsman, bowler, runs, boundary, sixer, all-rounder, fielder, pads, leg before wicket, duck, century, no-ball, free-hit, appeal, umpire, all-out, innings.

Football: Attacker, back-pass, bicycle kick, Confederation, comer-kick, cross, defender, free kick, dribble, FIFA, foul, goal-area, goal line, goal mouth, goal keeper, header, in-swinger, kick-off, offside, out-swinger, penalty, pitch, shot, striker, yellow card, referee.

Chess: bishop, capture, castle, check, checkmate, chessboard, chessman, gambit, grandmaster, king, knight, man, mate, pawn, queen, retreat, rook, square, stalemate.

Swimming: swimming caps, swimming pool, swimming baths, swimming trunks, swimming costume, bikini, diving, backstroke, breaststroke.

Basketball: basket, court, ball, dribble, penalty, score, foul, NBA, offence, defence, speed, between the legs, behind the back, spin.

Hockey: goals, goalpost, net, ball, hockey-stick, shorts, shin-guards, gloves, face-guards, forward, half¬backs, full backs, goal keeper, pass-back, bully, tie.

III. Read And Reflect

Question 1.
In the following play we see a hero who is really true to his self and conscience. He struggles to keep to his truthful ways of life. He proves that truth will prevail in the end.

Amigo Brothers (Story) Edumate Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The conversation given below is part of an interview that Antonio and Felix gave to a reporter. What would be the reported version of the conversation?
Reporter : Has the fight affected your friendship?
Antonio : Never. We never take fighting into our hearts.
Reporter : Who, in your opinion is the winner of the fight?
Felix : That question doesn’t bother us. Both of us are winners.
Answer:
The reporter asked Antonio whether the fight had affected their friendship.
Antonio denied and added that they never took fighting into their hearts.
The reporter then asked who in their opinion the winner of the fight was.
Felix replied that the question did not bother them and both of them were winners.

Question 2.
You have witnessed the fight between the Amigo brothers and have been quite impressed by the way it ended. Prepare a write-up about the climax of the fight.
Answer:
The referee wanted the fight to be clean. In the first round Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas do their best to outwit the other. But both are equally strong. In the second round also the same thing happens. Punches fly back and forth, but none is floored. Each punch is thunderously applauded by the crowd. Now comes the third round. Each contestant wants to win. They punch each other very hard. Nobody falls to the canvas. The final bell rings. But the fight continues. The bell rings again and again. But there is no stopping to the fighting. People start getting worried. It looks as if they are witnessing a do ordie fight and not a contest. There is utter silence. Then the referee and the trainer separate the two contestants.

Now the contestants embrace. They have forgotten that they were fighting like bulls until a moment ago.

The announcer makes an announcement. He is trying to name the winner and he looks around. But both Antonio and Felix had left like good old friends, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship. They proved themselves to be tfuly amigo bothers!

Question 3.
You might have got sincere friends whom you treasure more than anything else. Write a paragraph about your intimate friend.
Answer:
The sincerest friend I have is Joe. My parents are poor but Joe comes from a rich family. He helped me in all possible ways. He used to buy more note books than he needed and give me a few. He shared his texts with me. The same he did with pens. He brought lunch for two, telling his mother that he felt very hungry after the morning lessons. Like that we reached Class XII. Fortunately I had a good memory and I remembered whatever was taught in the class. I helped Joe explaining difficult things to him. Occasionally he took me to his house and allowed me to use all the amenities he had at home. He played games with me and always told me to have big dreams and work hard for realizing my dreams. He gave me biographies of Abdul Kalam and Abraham Lincoln and asked me to make them my role models. He was sure that I would make it in my life. I am following his advice and I am working hard.

I pray God to help my friend and me to fulfil our dreams. I will never forget Joe all my life.

Question 4.
Two days afterthe fight between Antonio and Felix, they receive a letter from the secretary of the Golden Gloves Championship informing that both have been selected for the tournament. Prepare the letter.
Answer:
Golden Gloves Championship
Lower East Side
New York City
Ref. No. GGC/l/13
August 9, 2016
Antonio Cruz & Felix Vargas Boxers’ Gymnasium New York City

Dear Mr. Cruz and Mr. Vargas,
Sub: Selection for the Golden Gloves Tournament We got a report from the referee of Division Finals Bout of August 7. He wrote about your friendship how hard you fought to win, but at the same time you did not want the other to lose. Such a thing is unheard of in the history of the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament.

Giving due respect to your close friendship, we are making an exception this year and we are selecting both of you for the Golden Gloves Championship. This is a tribute to your friendship. Keep it up and Best wishes.

Yours sincerely,
Sd/-

Mubarak Musa
Secretary

Question 5.
Moved by the Amigo Brother’s story of intimacy read from the newspaper you write a letter to Felix and Antonio congratulating them. Prepare the letter.
Answer:
Asha Sridhar
Standard XII
Crescent Public School
Chalakudy
8 August 2016

Dear Felix and Antonio,
Congrats Amigo Brothers! You really deserve that name! You have proved that friendship is greater than winning any competition.

You may not know me. I am a student from Kerala, India. I happened to read the story of your fight in the Division Finals and I was greatly impressed.

I am sure that the Golden Gloves Championship Authorities will take note of your intimacy and select both of you forthe Tournament.

Keep up your spirits, Amigos! I am really inspired by your spirit. I pray God to help you to achieve your dreams. I wish you all the best in life!

Yours sincerely,
Asha

Question 6.
Imagine yourself to be the announcer/commentator of the boxing match between Antonio and Felix. Write the script of the announcement that could be used before the match.
Answer:
Ladies and Gentlemen,
You are welcome to the Tompkins Square Park for the Division Finals. We have fine weather and I assure you that you will have an exciting time here. You have already seen some .earlier bouts. This is going to be the Bout of the Day!

The moment you have been anxiously waiting for has finally come. Two fine young Puerto Ricans fighters are ready to fight and win. On my left is Felix Vargas. He weighs 134 pounds. On my right is his rival in the fight Antonio Cruz. Cruz weighs 133 pounds. The winner will represent the Boys’ Club in the Tournament of Champions, the Golden Gloves. There will be no draw.

Gi ve Felix and Antonio a big round of applause. They | are going to thrill you in the coming moments! Felix, are you ready? Antonio, you too ready? The referee will blow the whistle now, to start the bout.

As in any bout, may the better man win!

Question 7.
After reading the story ‘Amigo Brothers’, certain students opined that boxing is a cruel game. But you have a different view. So your friends decide to conduct a debate on the topic ‘Boxing is a cruel game arousing animal instincts.’ What would be the possible arguments of your friends who support the topic. Write three points.
Answer:
Boxing makes us forget the importance of cooperation, sympathy and love and we are blinded only by one instinct-win anyhow!

Boxing brings physical suffering to both the winner and also loser.

By constantly practising, the boxer develops an unhealthy competitive spirit; he is ready to inflict pain, both mental and physical, even on his family members, because he becomes callous to others’ feelings.

Question 8.
“They remain uncompromising in fight, and in love as well”. This is the title of a news report that appeared in a daily about the Amigo brothers’fight. Prepare a detailed news report.
Answer:
Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas were both 17. They were so close in their friendship they felt like brothers. They both had a dream – becoming the light weight champion of the world.

They exercised sometimes at the Boys’ Club and sometimes at the gym. After a series of elimination bouts, they were told they were to meet each other in the division finals. The day was fixed for 7 August. They both wanted to win. They talk about it. Then Felix makes a suggestion that they will not see each other until the day of the fight. After the fight they will get together again as if nothing happened. They continue training hard.

The fight is to take place at Tompkins Square Park for the Division Finals.

Felix Vargas and Antonio Cruz are ready. The announcer makes the announcement. There will be no draw. The referee blows the whistle and the fight is on.

In the first and second round Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas do their best to outwit the other. But both are equally strong. Punches fly back and forth, but none is floored. Each punch is thunderously applauded by the crowd.

Now comes the third round. Each contestant wants to win. They punch each other very hard. Nobody falls to the canvas. The final bell rings. But the fight continues. The bdUfings again and again. But there is no stopping to the fighting. People start getting worried. It looks as if they are witnessing a do or die fight and not a contest. There is utter silence. Then the referee and the trainer separate the two contestants.

Now the contestants embrace. They have forgotten that they were fighting like bulls until a moment ago. The announcer makes an announcement. He is trying to name the winner and he looks around. But both Antonio and Felix had left the scene like good old friends, arm in arm, declaring their strong bond of friendship.

This is the spirit of love! Cooperation in Competition!

Question 9
Imagine that you are the reporter of a local TV channel. After the bout between Antonio and Felix, you were asked to interview them. Prepare a set of five questions to be asked to Antonio and Felix as part of the interview.
(Hints: reason for quitting the scene without waiting forthe result-thoughts during the fight, afterthe fight -theirfriendship- future plans etc.)
Answer:
You wanted to win badly. Then why did you decide to quit the scene before the result was announced? We know you are close friends. What were the thoughts going through your mind during the fight when you were punching each other hard?

What was in your mind after you were separated by the referee and the trainers and you left the scene without waiting to hear the result?

You were fighting like angry bulls at the bout. Will your friendship continue to be as intense as before, after what happened at the bout?

What would be your future plans? Are you going to choose boxing as your profession?

Question 10.
There are a few errors in each line of the excerpt given below. Identify and correct them.
‘Antonio nodded quitely. (a)
“Yeah. We both know that in the ring the better man win. (b)
It’s fair, Tony. When we get to the ring, it’s got to be like we never met. (c)
We got to be like two heavy strangers that wants the same thing and only one can have it. (d)
You understood?” (e)
Answer:
a) quietly,
b) wins,
c) into,
d) want,
e) understand?

Question 11.
The boxing competition between Antonio and Felix is coming to an end. Imagine yourself to be the announcer / commentator of the boxing match between Antonio and Felix. Write the script of the announcement that could be used to conclude the event.
Answer:
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Antonio and Felix are fighting like two ferocious bulls. Antonio is punching hard with his left hand. Felix is ducking avoiding the punch. Now Antonio is punching with his right hand it catches the jaw of Felix. Felix is flinching with pain. Felix throws all his weight behind his right hand and is hitting Antonio hard on his left ear. Antonio is trying to block it, but isn’t successful. The punch misses its aim. It hits the nose of Antonio. Look! His nose is bleeding and the blood is coming to his mouth. Oh my God! Now they are locked in each other’s grip. The referee is separating them. Antonio flies savagely to hit Felix on this right ear. The final whistle is sounding. But O, what am I seeing? The fight is going on! Why don’t they stop? The whistle is sounding again. Boys, stop, stop! O my God. What is happening? The referee is trying to separate them. The trainers come running. They too are trying to separate them. They are separate now. Am I seeing it right? I see the boys in a deep embrace. They are smiling at each other as if nothing happened. Felix takes Antonio’s hand and they are walking. (He consults the referee to see who the winner is.)

Ladies and gentlemen, today’s winner is …………. Hey, where are they? Have they disappeared? The crowd shouts – They both are winners!

Amigo Brothers About The Author

– Piri Thomas

Piri Thomas (1928-2011) was a writer and a poet. His memoir ‘Down These Mean Streets’ became a best-seller. He spent 7years in prison. He realized that no person is bom a criminal. He used his street and prison experience to teach the youth prone to risk, to help them avoid a life of crime. He travelled a lot in the USA, Central America and Europe, and gave lectures and conducted workshops in colleges and universities.

Amigo Brothers Summary in English

Page 40: Antonio Cruz and Felix Vargas were both 17. They were so together in friendship that they felt like brothers. They had known each otherfrom childhood. They grew up in the same building on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.

Antonio was fair, lean and lanky. Felix was dark, short and husky. Antonio’s hair was always falling over his eyes. Felix wore his black hair in an Afro style. They both had a dream – becoming a light-weight champion of the world.

Whenever they got a chance they exercised, sometimes at the Boy’s Club and sometimes at the gym. They would run every day morning, wearing sweat shirts and short towels around their necks. While some youngsters were into street doing wrong things, Antonio and Felix slept and had positive dreams. They had a collection of Fight magazines. They also kept the torn tickets of all the boxing matches they had gone to see. They also had some, cuppings of their own.

After a series of elimination bouts, they were told that they were to meet each other in the division finals scheduled forthe 7th of August. That was 2 weeks away. The winner would represent the koy’s Club in the Golden Gloves Championship Tournament.

They boys continued to run together. But even when joking with each other, they both sensed a wall rising between them.

Page 41: One morning, less than a week before their bout, they met as usual for their workout. Antonio glanced at Felix who kept his eyes straight ahead. He was practising some leg movements and hitting an imaginary jaw. Felix suddenly stopped and told Antonio that they must speak to eaGh other.

Antonio knew it was about their fight. Felix said that since he came to know the fight was between them, he kept awake at night pulling punches on Antonio, trying not to hurt him. Antonio told the same thing. He said that it is natural they thought about the fight. Both are fighters and they both want to win. There are no draws in the eliminations.

Felix tapped Antonio gently and told him he wanted to win. Antonio replied by saying that in the ring the better man wins. When they get into the ring it has to be as if they had never met. They will be like two strangers who want the same thing but only one can have it. Felix agreed. They have to fight it out.

Felix then makes a suggestion. They won’t see each other until the day of the fight. He will stay with his Aunt Lucy, in the Bronx. Antonio agreed and he held out his hand, palm upwards making a deal. Felix sealed the deal by slapping on the open palm. Antonio wanted Felix to run with him a little more. But Felix said he wanted to be free as he wanted to think alone. Antonio asked him if Felix was worried. Felix laughed and said he was not worried. They will fight and afterthat they will get together again as if nothing had happened. The amigo brothers hugged each other tightly.

The evening before the big fight, Antonio made his way to the roof of his building. He tried not to think of Felix. He thought he had made up his mind. He would knock out Felix early and quickly so that he does not get hurt by a long fight.

Page 42: Felix decided towatch a movie in an effort to keep Antonio’s face away from his mind and fists. The film was The Champion’, acted by Kirk Douglas. The champion was getting beaten. Felix got a shock. He imagined himself in the ring, blasting Antonio against the ropes.

He stopped watching the film and began to walk on the street. There he saw only a few boys wearing gang colours. Walking did not relax him. Neitherdid the film. It had stirred him up. He went straight back to bed.

Antonio was passing some heavy time on the rooftop. How will the fight tomorrow affect his relations with Felix? Friendship had nothing to do with the fight. But he soon controlled his negative thoughts. He did some fancy dance steps to drive away his negative thinking. His amigo brother Felix was not going to be Felix in the ring. He was just an opponent. He prayed for victory through a quick clean knockout in the first round the Golden Gloves. There will be no draw. May the best man win.”

The crowd cheered wildly. At the centre of the ring, the referee gave instructions. “Keep your punches up. No low blows. No punching on the back of the head. Let’s have a clean fight. Now shake hands and come out fighting.”

Both the fighters touched the gloves and nodded. Felix and Antonio turned and faced each other squarely in a fighting pose. Felix wasted no time. Now they were fighting like real competitors. The first round came to an end both trying hard to floor the other.

Page 44: The second round began. Felix was off his stool and rushed to Antonio like a bull. Antonio fought back well. Neither fighter was giving an inch. Suddenly Felix hit Antonio on the chin. Antonio’s legs turned jelly and his arms flailed out desperately. Suddenly his head cleared and hit Felix on the bridge of his nose. The crowd was roaring at each punch. Soon the second round came to an end.

The referee asked the ring doctor to check the fighters out. He said OK. The cold water sponges brought clarity to both amigo brothers. They were rubbed until their circulation ran free.

Now was the final round. So far things were even. Everyone knew there could be no draw and this was the final round to decide the winner.

Antonio came out fast. Felix also attacked. Both pounded away. Neither gave an inch and neither fell to the canvas. They fought to win. The sounds of their blows were loud. The crowd had gone completely silent. The referee was stunned by their savagery.

The bell sounded over and over again. Felix and Antonio did not hear the bell. Their blows continued to pound on each other like hailstones. Finally the referee and the two trainers separated them to bring them back to their senses. They looked around and then rushed toward each other.

Page 45: A cry of alarm surged through the crowd. Was this a fight to the death instead of a boxing match? The fear soon ended as the two amigos embraced. No matter what the decision, they knew they would always be champions to each other. The announcer started: “Ladies and Gentlemen. The winner and representative to the Gold Gloves Tournament of Champions is ” The announcer did not see Felix and Antonio. Arm in arm, the champions had already left the ring!

Amigo Brothers Summary in Malayalam

Amigo Brothers Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two English Textbook Answers Unit 4 Chapter 2 Rice Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus Two English Textbook Rice Questions and Answers Unit 4 Chapter 2 (Poem)

Read And Respond (Text Book)

Rice Poem Appreciation Hsslive Chapter 2 Question 1.
Of all the memories of his homeland, the narrator thinks of rice’ first. What does this show?
Answer:
It shows his extreme love for rice. He is a rice eater. For the last 4 years he has been eating chapattis. Now he is craving for rice.

Rice Poem Summary In Malayalam Chapter 2 Question 2.
What are the memories of the narrator about the paddy cultivating season?
Answer:
He remembers his father in the fields below his house. He is wearing a handloom dhoti stained with yellow mud. He is excited about the water of the Varanganal canal. He also remembers his little brother carrying the tender saplings to be planted where the ploughing is done. On the dyke baskets full of seeds are kept. There is the noise of shouting as the oxen draw the plough in the field.

Plus Two English Rice Appreciation Chapter 2 Question 3.
The narrator wants the train to move a little faster. What does this tell us about his feeling for his native village?
Answer:
It tells that he loves his village dearly. He has been missing it for long. He wants to reach it as quickly as possible. We see his nostalgic feelings here.

Appreciation Of The Poem Rice Plus Two English Question 4.
What changes in the native village does the narrator notice on his return.
Answer:
There are many changes in his native village. The palm-thatched houses are gone. There are only rubber plants there. There are no rice fields any more. There is no noise of people below. No shouts of ploughing. The whole field is planted with areca nut palms. In the corner, along the canal, there are the dealwood trees which were not there before.

Plus Two English Chapter Rice Appreciation Chapter 2 Question 5.
Rubber plants have taken the place of paddy. What does this imply?
Answer:
It implies that food crops are replaced by cash/commercial crops. People don’t any more cultivate their favourite varies of rice like athikira, modan and vellaran. Now they survive on their rations which consist of wheat.

Plus Two English Chapter Rice Summary Chapter 2 Question 6.
“Only fools turn to rice farming for gain.” Why does the father say so?
Answer:
The father says so because nobody promotes the farming of rice. Rice farming was quite inconvenient and the farmer gained nothing. Rubber brings better money. The government gives rice to those who have no paddy fields.

Plus Two English Textbook Malayalam Translation Question 7.
What does the ship of the sky represent?
Answer:
It represents the aeroplane, as the ship of the desert represents the camel.

Plus Two Rice Poem Appreciation Chapter 2 Question 8.
“Can we get some husk from the Centre, too, to make toys with it?” Bring out the satire in these lines.
Answer:
The poet had gone to North India and did a 4-year research on making toys with husk. He got a doctoral degree at the end of his research. Now he comes back to Kerala to find out that there is no more rice cultivation here and consequently no husk to make toys with. To make toys with husk, he has to get husk from the Centre! He did the research to help the State to find employment and. income. What use the State will have now with his doctorate?

Think And Write

Plus Two English Rice Poem Appreciation Chapter 2 Question 1.
Why does the narrator feel confused as he walks home?
Answer:
The narrator feels confused as he walks home because things were quite different from the state he had left them before he went to North India for his research that took him 4 years. The palm-thatched houses that were in the distance had gone. All around him he sees rows of rubber plants on the ridge. They have grown twice his height. He used to see modan and vellaran there in the past. Now nothing. So he is confused.

Plus Two English Rice Summary Chapter 2 Question 2.
Why does the father wear a contented look?
Answer:
The father wears a contented look because he is excited about the water of the Varanganal canal. He is getting enough water from the canal so that he can start his planting. He is happy with his work.

Rice Poem Questions And Answers Chapter 2 Question 3.
What changes have occurred in the lifestyle of the farmers when they shifted from food crops to cash crops?
Answer:
Their life has become comparatively easy. They don’t have to struggle in the field wearing wet and muddy clothes. They are happy that they have stopped producing food crops. It was quite inconvenient. The farmer gained nothing. Cash crops bring more money and life is better. They feel good times have come. But they have to eat wheat instead of their favourite varieties of rice.

Plus Two English Rice Notes Chapter 2 Question 4.
Read the lines “My father says ……….. quite inconvenient” (Page 118).
Cite other instances of satire in the poem.
Answer:

• “Only fools turn to rice-farming for gain.”
• “The government gives rice to those who don’t have paddy fields.”
• The narrator wants to eat athirika rice but his younger brother is bringing the ration for the household which consists of only wheat!
• The Chief Minister flying like an arrow to the Centre to clamour for more gains.
• Can we get some husk from the Centre, too, to makes toys with it?” This is the bitterest satire because he has a doctorate on making toys with husk.

Plus Two English Poem Rice Summary Chapter 2 Question 5.
The poem is a contrast between expectations and reality. Prepare a write-up substantiating this.
Answer:
The poem is definitely a contrast between expectations and reality. The narrator goes to North India to do a research on making toys with husk as there is a lot of husk in Kerala because of the huge amount of paddy produced at that time. He spends 4 years and gets a doctorate. Naturally he has plans to use his knowledge and expertise to make toys from husk and thus generate employment opportunities for others. But when he comes back with his doctorate what does he see? The paddy fields have been converted to rubber plantations. No husk!

He is tired of eating chapatti day after day and he longs to eat his favourite rice when he comes home. What does he see? His younger brother brings wheat as the ration for the whole family. Now he has to continue eating chapatti!

Plus Two English Rice Summary In Malayalam Chapter 2 Question 6.
Comment on the style of writing of the poem.
Answer:
The poem is written in a colloquial style. The poem is a translation from the Malayalam original. A number of Malayalam words are used in the poem. These words will not be understood by foreigners even with some explanations as they would not even know the various varieties of rice that we cultivate here. Such words are ‘athirika’, ‘modan’ and ‘vellaran’.

The imagery is quite good. The picture of the father wearing a mud-stained dhoti and working in his field is very touching. We see the ploughing scene. We can see the rubber trees on the ridge and dealwood trees along the canal. Then we see another picture of the father sitting and watching workers fixing the machine for making rubber sheets. We see the little brother of the narrator running in with the ration and tripping and falling down scattering the wheat he has brought. We see the aeroplane carrying the Chief Minister, flying to the Centre, to clamour for more grain. He is flying over the cash crops.

The stanzas are irregular – sometimes 4 lines, sometimes 5 lines and there are three 6-line stanzas. There is also a 2-line stanza in the end. It is a prose- poem. Being a satirical poem, the style is simple, direct and lucid and it suits the theme.

Rice (Poem) Edumate Questions and Answers

Plus Two English Rice Short Summary Chapter 2 Question 1.
“… only fools turn to rice-farming for gains”
Do you agree with this idea expressed by the father in the poem Rice? Express your opinion/suggestion in three or four sentences. You may use expressions like ‘I think…, I feel…, I suggest…, In my opinion…’
Answer:
I think the father is wrong here. I feel that saying that only fools turn to rice farming is an insult to the rice farmers who work hard to give us rice to eat. I suggest that the father should have told his son that any job is good provided one does it well. He should have given importance to the principle of dignity of labour. In my opinion rice farming is a good way of earning one’s livelihood and also a way of making good profits. My neighbour is a rice farmer and he is very rich and he lives in style in a palatial bungalow, with a pair of cars and a few servants working for him every day.

Question 2.
a) The poet in Rice finds his place totally changed in four years. What are the major changes mentioned by the poet?
b) Describe a place in your locality elaborating the changes it has undergone within a short period of time.
Answer:
a) The poet in “Rice” finds the place totally changed in four years. The palm thatched houses are gone. There are only rubber plants now. There are no rice fields any more. There is no noise of people ploughing. The whole field is planted with areca nut palms. In the corner along the canal there are the dealwood trees which were not there four years ago.

b) My locality has undergone many changes in a short time. Mine was a village. In the junction there were a few shops. A grocery shop, a tea shop, a shop that sold tobacco, beedi, cigarette and ‘paan’, a stationery shop where one bought his pen, pencil, notebooks etc. There was also a barbershop. In the tea shop there would be some people all the time discussing all the things under the sun – from the foreign policy of Donald Trump to the love affair of a local boy and girl. But all this is gone.

Now there is a huge shopping mall there. If one left the place a couple of years ago and came back only now, he would not even recognize the place. So many changes have taken place in my locality.

Question 3.
Much of our water bodies are polluted by industrial waste and toxic chemicals and fertilizers from farmlands. Prepare an essay describing the increasing rate of water pollution in our state.
(Hints: reason for pollution – impact of pollution – remedial measures etc.)
Answer:
Water covers two-thirds of the Earth’s surface, with over 97% present in the oceans and less than 1% in freshwater streams and lakes. Water is also present in the atmosphere in solid form in the polar icecaps and as groundwater in water-bearing rocks deep underground. Water is called a universal solvent because many things get dissolved in it.

Water pollution may be defined as any chemical or physical change in water, harmful to living organisms. It can occur through natural processes. For example, water can be polluted by sediments produced by natural erosion. Water bodies get polluted as they receive a lot of waste produced by human activity. This waste is discharged directly into the water bodies by sewers or pipes from factories and washed down from agricultural or urban areas, especially after heavy rains.

Sources of pollution may be domestic, agricultural or industrial. In the underdeveloped and developing countries human and animal waste and sediments from defective agricultural and forestry practices are the main pollutants. In developed countries, industrial pollutants such as toxic metals and organic chemicals add to the water pollution. This is more dangerous than the pollution caused by human and animal waste.

Water pollution is caused by different things. They include excessive plant nutrients, acidification by acid rain and acid mine drainage, organic compounds containing chlorine like DDT and other pesticides, oil getting into water sources through drilling or accidental spillage from oil tankers, the discharge of huge quantities hot water into water bodies causing thermal pollution, fluoride and arsenal pollutants. Now the question comes how can we prevent water pollution? If the water is polluted people and animals easily become sick and die. But we can do certain things to prevent or reduce pollution. First of all industries should not be allowed to discharge untreated chemicals into water bodies, especially rivers and lakes.

Secondly, the domestic sewage system should be designed in a scientific manner. Thirdly, Underground water can be saved from pollution if the land is not exposed to pesticides and other industrial chemicals. Farmers should be encouraged to do organic farming instead of using a lot of artificial fertilizers, pesticides and other such things that pollute the soil and later get washed into the water bodies.

Question 4.
In connection with the activities of the Haritha Keralam project, the Nature Club of your school has organized a programme for planting trees in the campus. You are asked to deliver a speech on the importance of preserving nature and natural resources. Draft the speech you would like to present there.
Answer:
Respected Principal, dear teachers and friends,
As you are aware in connection with the activities of the Haritha Keralam Project, the Nature Club of our
School has organized this programme for planting trees in the campus. Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, “Nature never hurries, atom by atom, little by little, she achieves’ fier work.” He is very right when we think how the trees grow taking their time to reach their full status as trees. Before a tree becomes a full-fledged tree it passes through many stages – seed, seedling, sapling and then tree. Some trees take years to become real trees. But look at man! How cruelly he cuts them down in just a few minutes to use it as fuel, for furniture work, construction works and even to make paper. Sometimes man destroys entire forests to convert them into farmlands or to make factories and residential areas. Large scale deforestation brings about climatic changes. Even in Kerala there are climatic changes because of the large scale destruction of forests.

Trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and supply us oxygen. They prevent the soil from eroding. They help in blocking the clouds and bring rain. They supply us a lot of forest products like honey, wax and different kind of herbs and roots. Nowadays forests are converted into National Parks attracting tourists from all over the world. That way also, trees bring us money. Thus forests help us in so many ways and so destroying them will be suicidal.

We all should emulate Wangari Maathai, the Kenyan lady and the Nobel Prize Winner, who led a crusade against deforestation. She wanted each person to plant some trees as his duty to help himself and also posterity. In India we had the Chipko Movement. When the contractors came to cut down the trees, the women from the locality rushed to the forest and stood near the trees embracing them. Chipko in Hindi means embrace. The men who came to cut down the trees had to go back because of the people embracing the trees.

John Keats, the famous English Romantic poet said, “A thing of beauty is a joy forever.” I believe a tree is a thing beauty and we should do our best to preserve our trees and plant new ones. Today let’s pledge that each one of us will plant at least ten trees. Remember it Is not enough to plant trees, but make sure that they grow by giving the trees adequate care.

Let’s make our campus green and contribute our share to make the earth green.
Thank you all!

Question 5.
Read the following line from the poem Rice and answer the given question.
Handloom dhoti stained with yellow mud’
What does this line imply?
Answer:
“Handloom dhoti stained with yellow mud” – This line describes a farmer working in the field. He is wearing a handloom dhoti. The field is full of muddy water and since he is working in it, his dhoti is stained by the muddy water, ft implies the hard work of a farmer.

Question 6.
The Nature Club of your school wishes to visit the Botanical Garden at Thiruvananthapuram. Draft a letter to the Director of Botanical Garden, Thiruvananthapuram seeking permission to visit the garden and to enquire about their research projects on food crop cultivation.
Answer:
The Secretary
Nature Club
NSSHSS, Pullur
7 June 2017

The Director
Botanical Garden
Thiruvananthapuram

Dear Sir,
Sub: Permission to Visit the Botanical Garden
The Nature Club Members of this school want to visit the Botanical Garden as part of their educational tour. We are 35 in number, including two teachers. We would lie to visit the place on Saturday the 25* of this month, from 10.00 a.m. We also want to make some enquiries regarding your research projects on food crop cultivation because we also want to do some agricultural production in our school. It has a lot of land which could be used for the cultivation of food crops.

Thanking you and hoping to get your positive reply very soon,
Geeta Sankar
Secretary

Question 7.
Reads the lines from the poem ‘Rice’.
Son, we’ve stopped working on all the rice.
It was quite inconvenient.
Now, answer these questions.
a) ‘all the rice’ means ………..
b) What does it tell us about the farmers?
(Hints: change in attitude-lifestyle-profit motive-job preferences etc.)
Answer:
a) Different type or rice/Everything in connection with rice cultivation.
b) It tells that there is a change in the attitude of the farmers. Their life style has changed. They are now driven by the profit motive. They are also reluctant to work in the fields as such work makes their bodies and clothes covered with mud.

Question 8.
The bar diagram shows the production (in tonnes) of wheat, rice, coarse grains and oilseeds of different countries. Analysefit and prepare a write-up.
Answer:
Foodgrain And Oilseeds Production In The world
A study was conducted in April 2011 to see the production rate of wheat, rice, coarse grains and oil seeds in countries like India, the USA, China and the rest of the world. The study has shown the following results.

The highest rate of wheat production per hectare went to China with 4.7 tonnes per hectare. It was followed by the USA with 31.1 tonnes. India and the rest of the world were equal with 2.9 tonnes each. In the case of rice, the USA had the highest rate with 7.5 tonnes per hectare. China came second with 6.7 tonnes. India had only 2.2, whereas the rest of the world produced more than India with 4.3 tonnes per hectare.

Coarse grains had a different story to tell. USA and China were equal in this regard with 9.0 tonnes per hectare. The rest of the world had 3.5 whereas India had the lowest with just 2.5 tonnes.

In oil seeds, USA topped with 2.7 closely followed by China with 2.1. India came third with 1.2 . Quite strangely the rest of the world did not have any oil seeds production at all.

Question 9.
“Can we get some husk from the Centre, too, To make toys with it? I don’t know.”
The poem ‘Rice’ ends with these sarcastic lines. Do you think the poem is a satire? If so, what does the poet try to satirise? Consider the poem as a satire and prepare a paragraph on your views.
Answer:
Chemmanam Chacko’s “Rice” is not just a satire but a biting satire. It shows the greed of some people and how they misguide farmers to change their crop from rice to cash crops like rubber. We can’t eat rubber! For our rice we have to depend on our neighbouring States and the rice we get is contaminated in so many ways. The height of the satire is that the boy went to North India to get his doctorate degree by researching the uses of husk. He spent 4 years there researching on the topic of making toys with husk.

Because his father is a farmer producing rice, there would be plenty of husk even in his own house to work with. But when he comes back with his doctorate degree what does he see? The rice fields have been converted to rubber plantations. Where will he get the husk now? Maybe he will ask the Central Government to give him some husk to make toys! His four years’ research is rendered useless now!

Activity – I: (Critical Appreciation)

Prepare a critical appreciation of the poem in the light of your responses to pie questions above.
Answer :
The poem “Rice” written by Chemmanam Chacko’ and translated by Prof. Ayyappa Paniker is a superb satire hitting hard at the greed of some farmers here. The poem is laced with scorn and sarcasm. The son of a rice farmer goes to North India to do a research on making toys with husk. He works hard for four years, eating chapatti day after day, and finally succeeds in getting a doctorate. He must have thought of doing research on the possibilities of husk because as the son of a rice farmer he had plenty of husk at home and also in the homes nearby. By using husk for toy making, a lot of people could find employment in a state notorious for unemployment.

But then there is the anticlimax. When the son returns home with his well-earned doctorate on making toys with husk, there is no husk at all in his house or around. Farmers had shifted to cash crops, especially rubber, as they found rice cultivation is inconvenient and non- profitable. Moreover, a lot of incentives were given by promoters to cultivate cash crops. The son finds his father watching people setting up a machine for making rubber sheets. All the paddy fields are gone and in their place what he sees are rubber trees and dealwood trees.

There is biting sarcasm in the description of the Chief Minister flying to the Centre to request for more food grains to feed the people here. There is no more rice to eat. People have to eat wheat. The son comes home after four 4 years with a desire to eat his favourite ‘athirika’ rice. But his desire will remain an unfulfilled desire as he too has to eat the wheat that is given to the household as ration. And his doctoral degree? How can he find husk to make toys?

I would not call it an exquisite poem comparable to the poems of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley or Keats. But it can stand comparison with the poetry of Alexander Pope who excelled in satire. The poem has excellent imagery. The poet has used a number of Malayalam words in the poem. The language is colloquial. The stanzas of the poem are irregular – ranging from 2 lines to 6. It is a prose-poem. Being a satirical poem, the style is simple, direct and lucid and it suits the theme. Chemmanam Chacko has done a good job in showing how the farmers have changed from simple people to shrewd commercially minded people.

Activity – II (Write-up)

Chemmanam Chacko is a master satirist who has fought many a battle with the system through his writings, laced with scorn and sarcasm. He says, ‘Socio-political sphere is much meek and limited compared with earlier times. Society has changed, and, with it, have the mass sensibilities.’ Consider his poem ‘Rice’ as a satire on the farmers who are forced to switch to cash crops when the market for food crops fell. Prepare a write-up.
Answer:
Chemmanam Chacko is very right in observing that society has changed and with it the mass sensibilities have also changed. Chacko was born in 1926, when Kerala was very much an agricultural land. People cultivated mainly food crops. Hardly anything was brought from outside. This situation continued until the 1960s and 70s, when there was an exodus of Kerala people, especially the youth, to the Gulf Countries, America and Europe.

In most families in Kerala there will be at least one member who will be working abroad. These people working abroad send money to their parents and relatives at home. Soon the Kerala farmers stopped working hard on their farms. Often they left them without cultivating because money was coming from outside and they could buy their food.

Many farmers started cultivating cash drops, especially rubber. As we saw in the poem, rice cultivation is inconvenient and non-profitable. We all have heard the saying that Indian agriculture is a gamble on the monsoons. Once we change into cash crops we are not so heavily dependent on the monsoons. But crops like rice heavily depend on the rains. If there is too much rain, there is a problem. If there is too little rain, there is a problem. If the rains don’t come in time, there is a problem. So rice farmers started shifting to cash crops. There were many promoters, including the government, who encouraged cash crops.

The glitter of money was very tempting to our rice farmers. Farmers can’t go into the fields well-dressed and they can’t even keep their body clean all the time as they have to work in the muddy fields. Their love of luxury also made the rice farmers either quit or shift to other cash crops. The results are obvious. Kerala State has become a Consumer State. Today we get our food grains, vegetables and fruits from neighbouring states. We can’t blame the farmers. We all want to catch the fish without wetting our fingers. Hard work is no more considered a virtue. One who makes quick money will be considered a successful and smart person. No wonder, the farmers also want to be smart!

Activity – III: (Paragraph writing)

Instead of a system of values, we have the market ruling us, making-decisions for us. Consider this statement in the light of the poem ‘Rice’ by Chemmanam Chacko.
Answer:
These days we are not ruled by any system of value, but by the market. The market decides what we should eat, what we should drink and what we should wear. It even decides how we should worship, and how we should behave in our families. In the past people cultivated food crops and most of the things they consumed came from their farms. But today we survive on fast foods.

Fashion Designers decide what we should wear, Soft Drink companies decide what we should drink. Our worship is often controlled by Tour Operators who organize tours to places of Pilgrimage. The Gold and Diamond merchants decide how we should show our love to the family members by giving what gifts on which occasion. Marriages are controlled by videographers! Markets rule us and we do as they dictate. Even our religious festivals have become occasions for discount shopping.

Read And Reflect

You have now understood the importance of protecting the world around us. Will-this be enough? Can a society survive without ensuring that its members have a healthy life style? Won’t it be dangerous if people surrender themselves to different kinds of addiction? Let’s find out.

Rice (Poem) About the Poet

Prof. Chemmanam Chacko was born in 1926, at Mulakulam in the erstwhile Travancore. He is a popular poet in Malayalam. He is a master satirist and he is fond of poking fun at the trivialities of people and their customs.

Rice (Poem) About the translator

Prof. K. Ayyappa Paniker (1930-2006) is a poet, literary critic, an academic and a famous scholar. He is pioneer of modernism in Malayalam poetry and his book “Kurukshetram” is a turning point. He taught English in various colleges and universities. He retired as Director, Institute of English, University of Kerala.

Rice (Poem) Meaning Of The Poem in English

Stanza 1: After four years of research in North India, I return home. I have received a doctoral degree. I also received a lot of praise for my work on making toys with husk. I am bored with eating chapatti every day and now I want to eat a meal of athikira rice (a variety of rice popular in central Kerala).

Stanza 2: When I get back home, it will be the planting season. My father is in the fields below our house. He is wearing a handloom dhoti stained with yellow mud. He is excited about the water of the Varanganal canal. He will greet me amidst the shouts of ploughing with several oxen.

Stanza 3: The oxen will stop when they see me walking with my suitcase. There is a smile coming to my father’s lips and he does not show it. From the field itself he asks me when I started my journey from there.

Stanza 4: My little brother is carrying the tender saplings to be planted where the ploughing is done. When he sees me he will run and shout so that the people at home can hear him, saying “Mother, brother has arrived.”

Stanza 5: I walk carefully along the dyke so that I don’t upset the baskets kept there. They are full of seed. At last I reach home. Mother has drained the well-cooked rice.

I tell the train to run faster so that I can get home quickly and eat to my satisfaction.

II (Page 116)
Stanza 6: The bus stops on the road close to my house. When I left the place palm-thatched houses could be seen in the distance on the right side. But now there is nothing. There are only trees. The place has changed completely.

Stanza 7: All around me I see rows of rubber plants on the ridge. They have grown twice my height. I used to see modan and vellaran (varieties of paddy) here. I am confused even about the path leading to my home.

Stanza 8: There is no noise of people below. No shouts of ploughing. The whole field is planted with areca nut palms. In the corner, along the canal, there are the dealwood (wood that is soft and easy to saw, usually used for making packing cases and boxes) trees.

Stanza 9: I get into the house. On the southern side, my father is watching workers fixing up the machine for making rubber sheets. He looks happy and contented.

Stanza 10: My father tells with some pride that he has stopped producing rice. It was quite inconvenient. The farmer gained nothing. Only fools will try rice-farming for any gain. Rubber money is better. Good times have come. The government gives rice to those who don’t have paddy fields.

Stanza 11: My small brother runs to meet me. I am eager to eat a full meal of athikira rice. He is carrying the rations for the entire household. He trips over something and scatters the wheat all over the yard.

Stanza 12: A plane is flying above us. It is going north. The noise of the plane drowns my brother’s loud cries. The Chief Minister is flying to the Centre to get more grains. He is flying above the cash crops which are now growing like trees. No one promotes the farming of rice here.

Stanza 13: Can we get some husk from the Centre to make toys? I don’t know.

Rice (Poem) Meaning Of The Poem in Malayalam

Rice (Poem) Meanings

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two English Textbook Answers Unit 3 Chapter 2 Didi Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus Two English Textbook Didi Questions and Answers Unit 3 Chapter 2 (Story)

Hsslive Plus Two English Textbook Answers are part of Kerala Plus Two English Textbook Answers Unit 3 Chapter 2 Didi

Read And Respond

Question 1.
What was Shaheen’s first impression of orphanage?
Answer:
In the orphanage she saw crying children, laughing children, quiet children and screaming children. She was confused. She saw the inequity of life there.

Question 2.
Why does she say that life was not perfect during summer vacation?
Answer:
She says that life was not perfect during summer vacation because her summers were spent between the orphanage in Jakarta and trips back to Mumbai. In Mumbai she saw the extreme poverty and children begging forfood.

Question 3.
What was the ‘search’ Shaheen had in her childhood? How was India answering it?
Answer:
The ‘search’ she had in her childhood was finding ways to help the kids in need. India was answering it because in India she found many children begging on the streets for food. She knew she could help them to live better lives.

Question 4.
What do you understand by the expression ‘manicured reality of my university life”?
Answer:
‘Manicure’ means caring for the fingers and nails. Manicured reality is polished reality. As one who has studied in India, especially in the crowded Mumbai, the authorfelt her university life in the USA was manicured, highly polished.

Question 5.
On what conditions did Shaheen’s parents allow her to stay back in India?
Answer:
They put forward two conditions: she would get admission into a good undergraduate college in the city and later she would go abroad for her graduate degree.

Question 6.
How did Shaheen get her admission to St. Xavier’s even when the admissions were closed.
Answer:
I would say she forced the Principal to admit her. She entered the principal’s room through a side door. Before the surprised Principal, Fr. D’Cruz, could open his mouth she said to him, “Father, my life is in your hands. I want to do something for the children of India. I don’t know how, only that I must.” The Principal asked her a few questions and she was admitted.

Question 7.
What was the condition of Mumbai slums?
Answer:
It was horrible. The slum once Shaheen walked into was a sprawling, low income community which was a maze of small alleyways. It was full of life. Some 10,000 people lived there without running water, no system of waste disposal, and shared six dark cubicle toilets in one alley.

Question 8.
How was Sandhya’s life different from that of Shaheen?
Answer:
Sandhya’s life was utterly different from that of Shaheen. Like Shaheen she was also 18. Sandhya knew no English and Shaheen knew no Hindi. But Sandhya, wearing a sari, smiled, laughed and chatted a lot. Sandhya’s home was smaller than the bathroom of Shaheen’s house.

Question 9.
What is the basic principle ofAkanksha?
Answer:
The basic principle of Akanksha is providing underprivileged children with opportunities for learning. Akanksha wants the classroom to be just a safe place for the children where they can forget, at least for some time, their roubles at home and study and also enjoy. Akanksha came into existence in 1991. It started with 15 children. Now it has 3500 children, with 58 centre and 6 schools. The children are taught, apart from English and Maths, values, self-esteem and confidence.

Question 10.
What did the volunteers teach at Akanksha?
Answer:
At Akanksha the volunteers teach the underprivileged children basic English and Maths, and also values, self¬esteem and confidence.

Question 11.
What kind of difference, do you think, Akanksha must have brought in the slums?
Answer:
Nowthe slum-dwellers knowthe importance of education. They also knowthe importance of hygiene and decent living. They have realized that they too can rise higher in the society with education, determination and hard work. Akanksha has provided people with hopes and dreams.

Think And Write

Question 1.
What kind of problems did Shaheen face when she settled in India?
Answer:
She faced a lot of problems when she settled in India. She wanted to help the underprivileged people of slums, especially children. She wanted to teach them. But finding a place was difficult. She went to 20 schools asking them to give a room just for 3 hours in the morning to teach these poor children. All of them refused. Some thought the idea of teaching underprivileged children was too revolutionary. Some thought the children would spread diseases to other students. A principal of a reputed school even said that the glass bangles worn by the poor children would scratch the fine desks. Finally, when she was about to give up, the Principal of Holy Name High School in Colaba, agreed to give her a room. That was the first Akanksha centre.

Question 2.
What was the iniquity that she found in India?
Answer:
She found a lot of iniquity in India. In a city like Mumbai where some of the world’s richest men live, there are also dirty slums where people live in conditions in which even animals would not live. One of the slums she visited was a sprawling, low income community which was a maze of small alleyways, full of life. Some .10,000 people lived there without running water, no system of waste disposal, and shared six dark cubicle toilets in one alley. She says the house of Sandhya was smaller than her bathroom! This is iniquity indeed.

Question 3.
Why, do you think, the principals of different schools refused to give a space for the children from the slum?
Answer:
Shaheen says that the principals often gave illogical and even silly reasons for not giving a space for the children from the slum. Some thought the idea of teaching underprivileged children was too revolutionary. Some thought the children would spread diseases to other students. A principal of a reputed school even said that the glass bangles worn by the poor children would scratch the fine desks in the classroom!

Question 4.
Shaheen refers to Indian education system as ‘bookish’. Comment on this.
Answer:
Shaheen is very right in saying that the Indian education system is bookish. We lay stress on book¬learning. We give a lot importance to studying things by heart. The examinations also check our memory and not our competence in doing things. Theory is given much more importance than practice. We may know a lot about America and England but may not know the things in our immediate locality.

Activity I (Job application/Resume)

Question 1.
(i) Study the poster.

It tells us about another initiative called “Teach for India” by Shaheen Mistri. It is an advertisement seeking volunteers to teach the children in low-income areas.

If you were to apply for this vacancy, what would you write in your application in the resume?
Answer:
(i) Cover Letter
Joe Paul
17, Azad Road
Irinjalakuda North PO
PIN 680 125
15 June 2015

The Chairperson
Teach for India
Kalian Mumbai

Dear Sir,
I have seen your poster asking for people to work in your Enterprise. I would be glad to offer my services as a teacher at the secondary level.

I have a Master’s Degree in English from Ravishanker University, Raipur. I have worked as a teacher in HSS Irinjalakuda for 10 years, teaching English. I would like to utilize my talents forthe betterment of the underprivileged.

I shall be pleased if my application is given due consideration. Although I am willing to come at anytime, anywhere, for an interview I would prefer any day between 20 June and 20 July, preferably in the Thrissur district, of Kerala.

I had been dreaming of helping my countrymen in my own way and I look forward to this opportunity.

Thanking you cordially,
Yours faithfully
(Joe Paul)

(ii) RESUME OF JOE PAUL
Objective : To work in an Organization that works for the welfare of the underivileged

Experience:

• Teacher (HSS lnnjalakuda Teacher -1998-2008)
• Lecturer in English (Students PG Centre lnnjalakuda 2009-1015)

Activities: I am a member of the Rotary Club, irinjalakuda Branch. I have organized blood-donation campaigns.
Achievements: I have published many journal articles on the teaching of English.
Skills: Conversant with computer, Word. I have been the Volley-ball captain while at College. I play the guitar.
Languages: Malayalam, Hindi, English Interests: Reading, travel, Western music Joe Paul

Activity II (Job Interview:)

Question 2.
Suppose your application Is considered positively and you are invited for an interview. What kind of responses would you make for the following interview questions. Use formal and language and be honest In your answers.
Answer:
Interviewer : Why do you prefer to teach?
You : I preférto teach because I believe it is the noblest profession. You mould minds.
Interviewer : Do you have any teaching experience?
You : Yes, I have. I have been teaching since 1997, when I completed my M.A. in English Literature.
I: What do you think is the most serious problem with the education in rural areas?
Y: The rural people, generally, have not understood the importance of education. When a boy or girl is big enough the parents expect the child to help them in the farm or in the household work. Many of them think sending children to school is a waste, especially sending girls to school.
I: If you were to change something about the current education system, what would that be?
Y: I would like to make learning less bookish. We emphasize on learning things by heart. Often in our examination we test memory. This should change. Education should be more practical.
I: How do you plan to create an impact in the society?
Y: I will do my best to teach the underprivileged so that they too can have opportunities like those bom with a silver spoon in their mouth. I will encourage the villagers to send their children to school without making them stay at home to help with the farming and other rural activities.

Activity III: (Modal Auxiliaries)

Read the notes on p. 114 and study the various verbs given in the table there, with their meanings. Read the examples and team howto use them.

LET’S PRACTICE

Question 2.
Given below is the vision of “Teach for India” as given in their website. Go through it and fill in the blanks in the passage with appropriate modal auxiliaries.
Answer:
At Teach For India, each one of us feels lucky. We understand that it is just a matter of chance that we are where we are today. We didn’t choose the family that we were bom into, or choose the fact that our parents could afford.to give us quality education. Every time we make a choice, we feel lucky. However we cannot help but think what if these choices were not available to us?

It is this thought that makes us work towards that one day when every child in India would attain an excellent education. The family or the demographics that a child is bom into might not determine his or her destiny. We understand the importance of education but more importantly, we understand the value of each those 320 million lives andthe potential in every one of them. That’s what we are working towards – A day when every child gets the opportunity to attain an excellent education. A day when we could empower every human being with choice. Because that’s what every child deserves.

Activity IV (Role Play)

(Read the instractions on page 115)
Answer:
(A conversation between Shaheen and her mother)
Shaheen: Good morning, mummy. How are you today?
Mother: Good morning, Shaheen. I am fine. What about you? You sound very excited.
S : I’m excited mummy. I have a plan.
M : A plan? What plan?
S : Mummy, I don’t want to go back to the USA at this time. I want to stay in India.
M : What? You want to stay in India? Have you gone crazy?
S : Mummy, I have not gone crazy. I want to do some service to the underprivileged children here.
M : Forget about service. You go to the Sates to continue with your studies.
S : My mind won’t let me go mummy. I am begging you to allow me to stay here.
M : Father will be so angry with you. You know how hot-tempered he is.
S : I will persuade him. I know he has a warm heart inside. You recommend my case to him.
M : I will do on two conditions: First you get admission in a good college in Mumbai. After you get yourdegree, promise that you will go abroad for higher studies.
S : I accept the conditions.
M : Let me warn you. Staying in India permanently is not like visiting it on vacation.
S: I know mummy. I have seen enough of Mumbai to understand that.
M : I am not too happy with your decision. But what to do? You’re our only daughter and we can’t refuse your request.
S: Thank you mummy. Thank you very much. I promise you I will make you proud.
M: Okay. Take care! And remember your promises!

Activity V (Project)

Read about the three problems that are presented on page 116. Here is a sample answer.,

Action Plan

Name of the School: St. Joseph’s HSS, Kattoor Problem Identified: Water shortage during summer Reasons: There is no well in the compound. The school depends on the pipe-borne water supplied by the Municipality.
Plan Date: 15 June 2015
Completion Date: 15 September 2015

Possible challenges/difficulties:
I) The terrain is dry and so finding water in a well might be difficult. In that case a deep bore-well has to be planned. It might prove very expensive.
II) Participation by the Municipality might be minimal.
III) The community might not show sufficient interest in making contributions.

Activity VI: (Let’s Edit)

A website called studentjob is offering internship jobs for students.

Question 3.
Here is an application letter that a student has drafted to apply for the post of a marketing intern. Read it carefully and correct the mistakes in it Also rewrite the letter after corrections.
Answer:
Dear Sir,
I would like to apply for the position of a Marketing Intern, as advertised in studentjob.co.in. I am a II Year student, doing M.Com. at the University of Calicut. My specialization is in Marketing.

I have always had a keen interest in marketing and that influenced my decision to study Marketing at the university and take part in extra-curricular activities. I am an active member of the Marketing Society where I help arranging events, society meetings and talks from prospective employers. I was responsible for establishing an effective marketing campaign for the launch of a new bookstore in the campus, using various methods such as social media. I therefore have a strong understanding of how modern-day marketing techniques can be used for business opportunities and networking.

Furthermore, I have been elected as the Team Leader of ‘Student Enterprise’, where we are required to develop our own business idea and pitch it to potential investors against an opposing team. This allows me to develop my leadership skills by delegating the appropriate roles and responsibilities to each team member, ensuring the team will successfully reach its aims and objectives.

I have many skills which I am able to contribute to the job role. My excellent communication skills allow me to interact with members of an organization at all levels. I developed my public speaking and presentation skills by making university presentations to new and prospective students and to the members of my Faculty. I am organized, efficient and strive to take up any challenge given to me to the highest standard.

Attached is a copy of my CV. I can provide the names of referees who will support my application.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,
Priya Sekhar

Read And Enjoy

Question 1.
‘We can complain because rose bushes have thorns or rejoice because thorn bushes have rose.’ – Abraham Lincoln.

Question 2.
Here perspectives make a difference. Read the experience the poetic rendition of Stammer by K. Satchidanandan.

Didi (Story) Edumate Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Read the following extract from the lesson ‘Didi’ and answer the questions that follow.
“On one blistering Mumbai day my taxi stopped at a traffic signal. Three children ran upto my window, smiling and begging and at that: moment, I had a flash of introspection”.
a) Who is the speaker?
b) The word introspection’ here means
c) How does the author look at the meaning of life?
Answer:
a) Shaheen Mistry
b) self-examination
c) She looks at the meaning of life with some concern. She is moving in a taxi and when it stops at a traffic signal three children come begging. They were smiling. The author must have wondered how these children could smile even in such precarious circumstances. They are zigzagging through the Mumbai traffic and any moment they can be hit by a moving vehicle. And look at the poverty of these children! They should be going to school and playing around with their mates at this age. But they are begging for their livelihood. This is the Mumbai of millionaires!

Question 2.
You happen to see the following advertisement and got interested and decided to apply for the same. Prepare an application and resume.
Vacancy Announcement
A reputed manpower company invites applications forthe following posts. .
No.1: Manager
Qualification: Should be a graduate in Commerce, experience in manpower field, good communication skill in English, age above 30 years.
Apply with Resume within 7 days: [email protected]
Only short listed candidates will be called for interview.
Answer:
[email protected]

Dear Sirs,
Sub: Application forthe post of Manager.

I saw your advertisement. I am interested in applying for the post as I thought my qualification and experience would suit your requirements.

I am enclosing my detailed resume for your perusal.

I will be available for an interview from now till the end of this month. You may decide the time and place. I will present all the original documents at the time of the interview.

Hoping to get the interview letter soon,

Yours faithfully,
Hamza Mohammed

Resume of Hamza Mohammed
Objective: To work in a company which can utilize my services and, at the same time, enable me to sharpen my capabilities forthe betterment of all.

Question 3.
While appearing for the Plus one improvement examination 2016, you forgotto fill in certain entries in the main answer sheet. Hence your result is withheld by the Directorate of Higher Secondary Education. When you contacted the office concerned you were informed to send an e-mail citing your points. Now draft the e-mail.
Answer:
[email protected]

Sir,
I wrote the Plus One Improvement Examination 2016. But my result is withheld. When I contacted your office I was told thaf my exam number was not clearly visible in my History Paper and that is why the result was withheld. I am sorry forthe mistake. Here is my exam number: HSS 45678123. My Centre was Don Bosco HSS, irinjalakuda, Thrissur District.

Kindly take necessary action and publish my result.

Thank you,
Jones Mathew

Question4.
Given below are some findings of the research carried out by Delhi Diabetes Research Center on the changing food habits among children. Study them carefully and write an article for your school magazine.

(Hints: 85% school children-diabetic patients- Western eating styles-consumes fast food frequently- 62% eat junk food-green vegetables avoided-25% do not exercise-one in four children obese-prone to develop adult diseases-heart attack, diabetics-memory loss etc.)
Answer:
Changing Food Habits among Children The Delhi Diabetes Research Centre carried out a research for finding out the changing food habits among children. Its findings should cause us some concern in this regard.

The researchers found that 85% of the school going children have some form of diabetes. This is very alarming statistics. This has happened mainly because we have blindly copied the Western eating habits. The climate in the countries in the West is generally very cold. Their food habits suit that climate. But here in India we are in the tropics and the weather is not all that cold. Still we eat what the Westerners eat. Our children consume a lot of fast food – pizza, burghers, KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken) and so on. It is surprising that 62% of the children eat junk food. Our children studiously avoid green vegetables from their diet. It is surprising that 25% o the children do not get any exercise.

They go to school in the school bus, come home, sit down to do their home work and then they spend their time before the TV or their computers playing various games. The result is terrible. One in four children is obese – overweight. The obese children are likely to develop adult diseases like heart attack, severe diabetics and memory loss. There have been instances of teenagers dying of heart attack. This is something unheard of in the past. Many children suffer from serious diabetics. Children fail in exams because they have lost their memory power because of the junk food they are consuming.

Parents, who are so much concerned about the welfare and future of their children, should stop giving them junk food. Children should be made aware of the risks involved in eating too much of fast foods. The food may be tasty but it can kill them fast!

Question 5.
With the idea of teaching the underprivileged children, Shaheen Mistry decided to start Akansha Centre and the Principal of Holy Name School at Coloba agreed to give a room in his school. Write the likely conversation between Shaheen Mistry and the Principal. (At least four exchanges.)
Answer:
Shaheen Mistry: Good morning, Sir! I am Shaheen Mistry, a social activist.
Principal : Good morning, Shaheen. I’ve heard aboufyou. What can I do for you?
SM : Sir, I think you can be of great help to me in solving a serious problem that we are facing. For educating the underprivileged children, we have started an organization called Akanksha. We want a room here for conducting our classes.
P : A room in this school? I don’t think it would be possible. We’re already running short of rooms and we find it hard to accommodate our own students.
SM : Sir, we need the room only after your regular class hours. We understand that you close the school at 4.00. So, maybe, from 4.30 you can lend us a room till 7.30 or so. Thus we get three hours to teach.
P : Shaheen, I am really sorry that I can’t do that. Soon after the class hours we get the rooms cleaned and keep them locked till the following morning.
SM : Sir, we assure you that the room you give us will be cleaned properly after our lessons are over. We are trying to uplift the underprivileged children.
P : I do want to help, but
SM : Sir, don’t say “but”.. Please give us a room. Your good gesture will help thousands of underprivileged children here. So, please be positive, Sir!
P : Okay, since you insist and since it is for a good cause, I will give you a room.
SM : Thank you, Sir! Thank you very much!
P : It’s okay.

Question 6.
The following is a conversation between the office assistant of a school and the book seller. Now complete the conversation choosing modal auxiliaries from the box given below, will, can, won’t, shall, needn’t, could
Bookseller : Excuse me sir. (a) ………… I meet the Principal right now?
Office Assistant: Sorry sir, he is attending a meeting.
Bookseller : Then if you don’t mind, you hand over this packet of books to the Principal, I shall be waiting outside.
Office Staff : Certainly sir, but you (b) ………… wait outside. He (c) ………… get enough time to see you and discuss the matter.
Book seller : OK sir, dont worry. I (d) ………… make a call and talk to the Principal.
Office Assistant: All right, bye.
Answer:
a) Can,
b) needn’t,
c) won’t,
d) shall

Didi (Story) About The Author

– Shaheen Mistri

Shaheen Mistri is an Indian social activist and educator. She is the founder of Akanksha Foundation. She is also the CEO of Teach For India since 2008.

She was born in Mumbai in a Parsi family. Her father is a banker with Citigroup. After attending boarding school in Connecticut, USA, she moved to India for higher education. She got B.A. in Sociology. Later she got a Masters in Education from the University of Manchester.

Didi (Story) Summary in English

“I reached to touch a rainbow today,
I reached up high so high.
And yet as high as I reached up,
I could not touch the sky.
I’ll reach to touch a rainbow again,
I’ll reach up higher than high,
And if I reach up high enough,
I just may skim the sky.”

Page 107: I remember sitting on the wide veranda of our Indonesian home, writing little poems and notes in a diary. I would sit and watch little ants carry large loads, determined to get to their destination. What was my destiny? I was 12. What had I achieved?

It was in 1983. We lived in Jakarta, in a lovely home on a quiet street. It was a pleasant life, until I was taken to visit an orphanage in the city. I don’t remember how the orphanage looked, but I vividly remember the children.

I saw different kinds of children-crying, laughing, quiet, screaming children. I did not know what to do. I returned to the orphanage every weekend. Perhaps it was curiosity or a sense of thankfulness for all that I had, or maybe a child’s desire to learn more about the world.

My father was a banker. He had to move from city to city.
I had to study in 10 schools in five countries and followed French, British, American and International school systems.

Page 107: I began to understand that life was not perfect during my summer vacations. My summers were spent between the orphanage in Jakarta and trips back to Mumbai. In Mumbai I volunteered at The Happy Home and School for the Blind. I remember thinking of the beauty you can create when you look beyond what you can see. The school had confident children running up and down the staircases or playing cricket on the terrace with a ball that jingled.

It was through these summer experiences in India that I began to see inequity. I’d go from a family lunch to the dining hall of the blind school. I would watch through the window of my air-conditioned car children begging in the streets. I saw piles of wasted food at a friend’s party. When I left I saw woman, sitting on the side of the road, giving out very small amount of dal and rice to her family members. I saw the slums of Mumbai. They appeared to be everywhere. I saw the disparity in the lives of people.

In 1989 I was on my vacation in India. On one hot Mumbai day, my taxi stopped at a traffic signal. Three children ran up to my window, smiling and begging. My mind started thinking. I suddenly knew that my life would have more meaning if I stayed in India.

In the days that followed I went on thinking about those kids. I realized the purpose of my life. I wanted to be part of making things better for children. I knew this could be my country. Whatever I did here could make more difference than my university life in America.

A week before I was to return to Boston, I telephoned my parents. I explained to them my desire to move back to Mumbai. They listened carefully. They advised me living in Mumbai would be greatly different from spending a vacation. But I persisted. They agreed on two conditions: I would get admission into a good undergraduate college in the city and later would go abroad for my graduate degree.

Page 109: My parents had studied at St. Xavier’s and so I wanted to study there. I wanted an appointment with the Principal. The office told me that admissions were closed three months earlier and the Principal does not give appointments. I was frustrated. A student had seen me talking with the Principal’s assistant. He told me that there was a side door to the Principal’s office and I could try it.

I went through the side door. The Principal, Fr. D’Cruz was surprised and before he could open his mouth I told him, “Father, my life is in your hands. I want to do something for the children of India. I don’t know-how, only that I must.” He asked me a few questions and I was admitted.

The academic system at St. Xavier’s was different from that of the US. Here bookish learning was stressed. I quickly realized that I would learn more in the city than in the classroom.

Now since I was in India, I wanted to understand it in a different and deeper way. I walked around the city. Once I walked into a sprawling, low-income community which was a maze of small alleyways, full of life. Some 10,000 people lived there without running water, no system of waste disposal, and shared six dark cubicle toilets in one alley.

Page 110:1 walked around that afternoon talking with children wondering how life would be different if each one of them had access to the opportunities to grow to their potential. As I was walking, a soft-spoken girl, in a sari, welcomed me into her home. Her name was Sandhya. She was 18, like me. She knew no English and I knew no Hindi. But she smiled, laughed and chatted a lot. I felt an immediate connection with her. Her life was so different from mine.

Every day I went to her house after college. Her home was smaller than the bathroom of our house. When children poked their heads inside the doorway to say ‘Hi’ to us, she would ask them to come in. These children formed the first class I would teach. Each day a few more children would come trying to learn a few words in English, ora little Maths ora song. I felt useful and confident.

This became my routine. I’d leave college and rush to my new world in the community. Here I saw truth and hope. The children shouted ‘Didi, Didi’when I went there. It was becoming a lifelong commitment.

‘Akanksha’ was bom of the simple idea that India had people who could teach. It had spaces that could be used as classrooms. It had funds to educate all the children. Everything was there. I simply had to bring them together.

The people in the community wanted only 3 things – housing, water and education. I knew that for the children to take education seriously, they have to be free from the community’s distractions. We started looking for our first Akanksha centre space.

I approached 20 schools in the city to give us one classroom in their building just for 3 hours every morning. All of them refused. Some thought the idea of teaching underprivileged children was too revolutionary. Some thought the children would spread diseases to other students. A principal of a reputed school even said that the glass bangles worn by the poor children would scratch the desks. Finally, when I was about to give up, the principal of Holy Name High School in Colaba, agreed to give me a room. That was the first Akanksha centre.

Page 111:1 mobilized volunteers from St. Xavier’s to teach. I made a rough plan of what they would teach. I wanted the classroom to be just a safe place for the children where they can forget, at least for some time, their roubles at home.

Akanksha came into existence in 1991. It started with 15 children. Now it has 3500 children, with 58 centre and 6 schools. The main things taught are English and Maths. Students are also trained in values, self-esteem and confidence.

(Excerpt from “Redrawing India” by Shaheen Mistri & Kovid Gupta)

Didi (Story) Summary in Malayalam

Didi (Story) Glossary

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Model Question Paper 4

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum: 60 Scores

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• Read the instructions carefully.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provied.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Part A

Answer all questions from 1 to 5

Question 1.
Name any two data type modifiers in C+ +.

Question 2.
Define the term “array traversal”.

Question 3.
Which tag is used for hyperlinking in HTML ?

Question 4.
What is SCM ?

Question 5.
Write the full form of OFDMA.

Part B

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16

Question 6.
Write C++ statement to declare and initialise an array in the following situations.
a. An array of 5 unit prices 18.50, 27.5, 19.00, 12.50, 10.75.
b. An array with letters ‘WELCOME’.

Question 7.
Write the output of the following C+ + code.

1. char S1 [10], S2 [10] = “welcome”;
   strcpy(S1, S2);
   cout<<S1;
2. char S1 [20] = “welcome”;
   char S2 [20] = “to C+ + ”;
   strcat(S1, S2):
   cout<<S1;

Question 8.
Differentiate ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’ webpages.

Question 9.
Name any two attribute of <html> tag with use.

Question 10.
What is the use of FTP client Software ?

Question 11.
Define the following terms in DBMS.
a. Cardinality
b. Domain

Question 12.
Categorise the following SQL commands into DDL and DML.

(CREATE, INSERT, ALTER, UPDATE)

Question 13.
What is BPR ?

Question 14.
Explain the role of “System testing” in the implementation of ERP.

Question 15.
What is the use of RFID ?

Question 16.
Compare GPRS and EDGE technologies.

Part C

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27

Question 17.
Write the output of the following code segment in C+ + .

int sum = 0;
int a[ ] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for (int i = 0; i<5; i = i + 2)
sum = sum+a [ i ];
cout<<sum;

Question 18.
Explain the use of following built in functions in C+ + .

i. abs( )
ii. sqrt( )
iii. pow( )

Question 19.
Compare call by value and call by reference method in C+ + ..

Question 20.
Write a short note on “Java Server Pages’’.

Question 21.
Name the three attribute of <MARQUEE> with its use.

Question 22.
Consider the following JavaScript Code.

<SCRIPT language = “JavaScript”>
var i, s;
for (i=1; i<= 10; i+ + )
{
s = i * i;
document.write(s);
document.write(“<BR>”);
}
</SCRIPT>
a. What will be the output of the program?
b. What is the use of <SCRIPT> tag ?
c. Write the output statement used in the above code.

Question 23.
Explain three type of “web hosting”,

Question 24.
Distinguish alternate key and foreign key.

Question 25.
Explain the different levels of data abstraction in DBMS.

Question 26.
Explain any three column constraints in SQL.

Question 27.
Consider the table ITEM with the fields Item code, Item name, Price. Write sql queries.
a. To Display the maximum and minimum price of items.
b. To remove all records where price < 1000.
c. To display the number of recods in the table.

Part D

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30

Question 28.
Consider the C++ program to find the sum of first 10 natural numbers and answer the following questions.

# include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int n, sum = 0;
for (int i=1; i<= 10; i+ + )
sum = sum +i;
cout<<“sum is = ”<<sum;
}
a. Rewrite the above program using do- while loop.
b. What will be output of the above program if we replace i+ + with i = i + 2 in the for loop ?
c. What is the purpose of # include <iostream> ?

Question 29.
a. Name the HTML tag to create checkbox, textbox and radio box.
b. Write HTML statement to create the texbox with maximum length 25 and size 30.
c. Write HTML statement to create a submit button with caption “login”.

Question 30.
Consider the JavaScript code to display the square of first 10 numbers using the code answer the following.

<SCRIPT language = “JavaScript”>
var i, s;
for (i=1; i<=10; i+ + )
{
s=i*i; .
document.write(s);
document.write(“<BR>”);
}
</SCRIPT>
a. Rewrite the above program using while loop.
b. Modify the above program to print the first 10 even numbers.

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
Signed, short

Answer 2.
Accessing each element of the array atleast once is called array traversal.

Answer 3.
<A> tag

Answer 4.
Supply Chain Management (SCM) consists of all activities associated with moving goods from the supplier to the customer. It begins with collecting raw material and ends with delivering goods to customer.

Answer 5.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

Answer 6.
a. float price [ 5 ] = {18.50, 27.5, 19.00, 12.50, 10.75};
b. char ar [ 7 ] = {‘W, ‘E, L’, ‘C’, ‘O’, ‘M’, ‘E’};

Answer 7.

1. welcome
2. welcometo C+ +

Answer 8.
Static websites:

1. The content and layout of a web page is fixed.
2. Static web pages never use databases.
3. Static web pages directly run on the browser and do not require any server side application program.
4. Static web pages are easy to develop.

Dynamic websites:

1. The content and layout may change during run time.
2. Database is used to generate dynamic content through queries.
3. Dynamic web page runs on the server side application program and displays the results.
4. Dynamic web page development re-quires programming skills.

Answer 9.
Dir, Lang.

Answer 10.
FTP is used to transfer files from one computer to another on the Internet. FTP client software establishes a connection with a remote server and is used to transfer files from our computer to the server computer.

Answer 11.
a. Cardinality is the number of rows or tuples in a relation.
b. The set of possible values for a column (attribute) is called domain.

Answer 12.
DDL : CREATE, ALTER
DML : INSERT, UPDATE

Answer 13.
BPR is the analysis and redesign of work flow in an enterprise. It deals with changes in the structure and process of business. Re-engineering helps to reduce cost and effective use of resources. Business process re-engineering is a key component of ERP success.

Answer 14.
The software is tested to ensure that it performs properly from both the technical and functional areas of an enterprise. The validity of output can be determined with the help of sample data. If any mistakes are found out at this stage, it should be corrected before the operation of ERP system.

Answer 15.
RFID gives transportation and logistics operations increased visibility into product movement and business process. It increases efficiency by providing real-time data that gives up-to-date information about the products. RFID based business logistic softwares help to lower the operating costs, increase productivity in the distribution centers, maximize on-time deliveries and improve customer service and satisfaction.

Answer 16.
GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G on GSM. EDGE (Enchanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) is three times faster than GPRS. It is used for voice communication as well as an internet connection.

Answer 17.
9

Answer 18.

1. abs( ). It is used to find the absolute value of an integer. It takes an integer as the argument (+ve or -ve) and returns the absolute value.
2. sqrt( ). It is used to find the square root of a number. The argument to this function can be of type int, float or double. The function returns the non-negative square root of the argument.
3. pow( ). This function is used to find the power of a number. It takes two arguments x and y. The argument of type int, float or double.

Answer 19.
Call by value method:

1. Ordinary variables are used as formal parameters.
2. Actual parameters may be constants, variables or expressions.
3. The changes made in the formal arguments are not reflected in actual arguments.
4. Exclusive memory allocation is required for the formal arguments.

Call by reference method:

1. Reference variables are used as formal parameters.
2. Actual parameters will be variables only.
3. The changes made in the formal arguments are reflected in actual arguments.
4. Memory of actual arguments is shared by formal arguments.

Answer 20.
It is a technology provides a simple and fast way to create dynamic web content. It uses Java as programming language. JSP files have the extension .jsp. To run JSP, Apache Tomcat web server is required. The JSP code consisting of HTML and Java is executed on the web server and the resulting HTML code is sent to the browser. JSP is an integral part of Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE).

Answer 21.
Height: Sets the height of the marquee in pixels or in percentage of browser window height.
Width: This specifies the width of the marquee in pixels or in percentage of browser window’s width value.
Direction: This specifies ttie direction in which marquee should scroN. This can have a value like up, down, left or right.
Direction: This specifies ttie direction in which marquee should scroN. This can have a value like up, down, left or right.

Answer 22.
a. 1
4
9
b. <SCRIPT> tag is used to specify the name of the scripting language used.
c. document.write(s); document.write(“<BR>”);

Answer 23.
1. Shard web hosting:
It is the most common type of web hosting. It is referred to as shared because many different wesites are stored on one single web server and they share resources like RAM and CPU. The features available on shared web servers are generally basic and are not flexible to suit a website that require specific features.
2. Dedicated web hosting:
It is the hosting where the client leases the entire web server and all its resources. The web server is not shared with any other website. Dedicated servers provide guaranteed performance, but they are very expensive. Since the bandwidth is not shared with other websites, it speeds up the access of the website. If the client is allowed to place their own purchased web server in the service providers facility, then it is called co-location.
3. Virtual Private Server (VPS):
It is a physical server that is virtually partitioned into several servers using the virtualization technology. Each VPS works similar to a dedicatd server and has its own separate server operating system, web server soft-ware and packages. VPS provides dedicated amount of RAM for each virtual web server. Each of these VPS works as a fully independent web server. VPS are provided with the rights to install and configure any software on their VPS.

Answer 24.
Alternate key: A candidate key that is not primary key is called alternate key. In the case of two or more candidate keys, only one of them can serve as the primary key. The rest of them are alternate key.
Foreign key: A key in a table can be called j foreign key if it is a primary key in another table. Since a foreign key can be used to link two or more tables it is also called a reference key.

Answer 25.
1. Physical level:
It is the lowest level of abstraction. The physical level describes complex low level data structures in detail. We must decide what file organisations are to be used to store the relations and create auxiliary data structures, called indexes, to speed up data retrieved operations.
2. Logical level:
It is the next higher level of abstraction describes what data is stored in the database, and what relation¬ship exist among those data. It describes : the entire database in terms of a small i number of relatively simple structures. The user of the logical level does not need to ‘ be aware of the complexity. Logical level ; is also referred as conceptual level.
3. View level:
It is the highest level of data-base abstraction and is closest to the users. It is concerned with the way in which 5 individual users view the data. It describes J only a part of the entire database. Most of i the users are not concerned with all the information that is contained in the data-base.

Answer 26.

1. NOT NULL: It specifies that a column can never have NULL values. NULL is a keyword that represents an empty value. Two NULL values cannot be added, subtracted and compared.
2. AUTO_INCREMENT: It performs an autoincrement feature. By default, the starting value for this constraint is 1 and will be incremented by 1 for each new record. Only one AUTO_INCREMENT column per table is allowed.
3. UNIQUE: It ensures that no two rows have the same value in the column specified with the constraint.

Answer 27.
a. SELECT MAX (Price), MIN (Price) FROM ITEM;
b. DELETE FROM ITEM WHERE Price <1000;
c. SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ITEM;

Answer 28.
a. # include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ( )
{
int n, sum = 0, i = 0;
do
{
sum = sum + i;
i+ + ;
} while (i<= 10)
cout<<“sum is = ”<<sum;
}
b. 25
c. # include statement, the pre-processor directive to attach a header file to provide information about predefined identifiers and functions used in the program.

Answer 29.
a. <INPUT>
b. <INPUT Type = “text” Name = “age” Size = “30” Maxlength = “25” >
c. <INPUT Type = “Submit” Value= “login”>

Answer 30.
a. <SCRIPT language = “JavaScript”>
var i = 1, s;
while (i<= 10)
{
s=i * i;
document.write(i);
document.write(“<BR>”);
i+ + ;
}
</SCRIPT>
b. <SCRIPT language = “JavaScript”>
var i;
for (i=2; i< = 10; i+2)
{
document.write(i);
document.write(“<BR>”);
}
</SCRIPT>

Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Model Question Paper 3

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum: 60 Scores

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• Read the instructions carefully.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provied.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Part A

Answer all questions from 1 to 5

Question 1.
Character array is also called ……………..

Question 2.
What is a Form handler?

Question 3.
What is the basic protocol followed in internet communication?

Question 4.
SAP stands for …………..

Question 5.
Define enterprise resource planning.

Part B

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16

Question 6.
Write the output of the following web page and justify your answer.

<HTML>
<BODY>
<SCRIPT language= “JavaScript’’>
var x, y, z;
x = “10”;
y = “20”;
z = x + y;
document.write(z);
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Question 7.
Categorize the following tags into container tags and empty tags.

Question 8.
Mention any two values of Type attribute and explain its use in the form.

Question 9.
How is responsive web design implement-ed?

Question 10.
a. What is responsive web design?
b. Why is it gaining importance recently?

Question 11.
Explain about sophisticated user.

Question 12.
What is the importance of primary key in a table?

Question 13.
Write a short note about any two ERP solution providers.

Question 14.
“Infomania has become a psychological problem”. Write your opinion.

Question 15.
What is a smart card? How it is useful?

Question 16.
What do you mean by big data in business? Explain big data analytics.

Part C

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27

Question 17.
Consider the following program:

# include<iostream>
Using namespace std;
int main ( )
{
for (int i=1; i<10; i+ + )
{
if (i % 2 = = 0)
continue;
cout<<i;
}
}
Predict the output of the program. Justify your answer?

Question 18.
Rewrite the following C++ code using switch statement.

if(choice== ‘S’)
cout<<“Science”;
else if (choice== ‘C’)
cout< <“ Commerce”;
else if (choice== ‘H’)
cout<<‘‘Humanities”;
else ‘
cout«“Invalid Option”;

Question 19.
The prototype of p function is: W fun(int, int); The following function calls are invalid. Give reason for each.

Question 20.
Discuss the scope of global and local variables.

Question 21.
In HTML how can we divide a browser window?

Question 22.
Aliya wants to display three web pages (A.htm, B.htm, C.htm) on the same scre¬en horizontally at the ratio 20%, 40%, 40%. Write the HTML code for the same.

Question 23.
Classify the following values in JavaScript into suitable data types.

Question 24.
Write a note on procedures.

Question 25.
What are the advantages of views in MySQL

Question 26.
What is copyright? How does it differ from patent?

Question 27.
Write a function which accepts an integer value as an argument and calculate its factorial. Call this function from main ( ) and print the result in main ( ).

Part D

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30

Question 28.
Read the following C++ code segment and replace it with a looping statement:

Question 29.
What are scripts? Explain the different scripting languages.

Question 30.
Explain operators in JavaScript.

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
string

Answer 2.
A form handler is a program on the web server that manage the data sent through the form.

Answer 3.
TCP/IP

Answer 4.
Systems, Applications and Products

Answer 5.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is business process management software that allows an organization to use a system of integrated applications to manage the business and automate many back office functions related to technology, services and human resources.

Answer 6.
It will display 1020. Operator + is used to add two strings. Adding two string means concatenating two strings. If the operands are numbers, it will add the numbers. If the operands are strings it will concatenate the strings. If + operator sees any one operand as string, it will treat both the operands as string type and concatenate the strings.

Answer 7.
Empty tag: <FRAME>, <INPUT>
Container tag <FRAMESET>, <A>

Answer 8.
Values of type attribute is radio, check box. Radio button: Used to select a single value from a group of values. Check box: It is useful for accepting Yes/ No inputs from the viewers.

Answer 9.
It can be implemented using flexible grid layout, flexible images and media queries. Flexible grid layouts set the size of the en-tire web page to fit the
display size of the device. Flexible images and videos set the image/ video dimensions to the percentage of display size of the device. Media queries provide the ability to specify defferent styles for individual devices.

Answer 10.
a. Responsive web design is the custom of building a website suitable to work on every device.
b. Today people visit websites using tablets and mobile phones/proper display of websites in devices.

Answer 11.
Sophisticated users include engineers, scientists, business analysts and others who are thoroughly familiar with the facilities of the DBMS. They interact with the systems through their own queries (a re-quest to a database) to meet their complex requirements.

Answer 12.
Primary key is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples within the relation. It cannot contain null value and duplicate value.

Answer 13.
Oracle: Head quarters at Redwood shores, California, USA. Oracle was working for its database rather than ERP. Oracle is famous for its finance and accounting module. It also provide Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software and Supply Chain management software (SCM). Tally ERP: Indian company with head quarters at Banglore. Provide ERP solution for accounting, inventory and payroll.

Answer 14.
Infomania may result in neglecting the .more important things like duties, family, etc. It is now treated as a psychological problem. Constantly checking e-mails, social networking sites, online news, etc. are the symptoms of infomania. Studies prove that people addicted to infomania lose concentration and sleep.

Answer 15.
It is a plastic card with a computer chip or memory that stores and transacts data. A smart card (may be like an ATM card) reader used to store and transmit data. The advantages of smart card is that it is secure, intelligent and is easy to carry.

Answer 16.
Big data analytics is the process of examining large data sets containing a variety of data types to uncover hidden patterns, market trends, customer preferences and useful business information. Big data analytics provide an opportunity for business firms to answer questions that were previously considered beyond their reach. This opened the doors to a new world of possibilities to interact effectively with the customer, with the knowledge of his preferences.

Answer 17.
The output is 113579. continue statement is used for skipping over depart of the code within the loop-body anchforcing the next iteration.

Answer 18.
switch(choice)
{
case ‘S’: cout<<“Science”; break;
case ‘C’: cout<<“Commerce”; break;
case ‘H’: cout<<“Humanities”; break;
default : cout<<“lnvalid Option”;
}

Answer 19.
a. The variable is not receive the value returned by fun( );
Correct is val = fun(2,4);
b. No arguments are used with function call.
cout<<fun(a,b);
c. Arguments in function call are not int type.
val = fun(2,3);

Answer 20.
Scope of local variables:

1. Declared within a function or a block of statements.
2. Available only within that function or block.
3. Memory is allocated when the function or block is active and freed when the execution of the function or block is completed.

Scope of global variables:

1. Declared outside all the functions.
2. Available to all the functions of the program.
3. Memory is allocated just before the ex-ecution of the program and freed when the program stops execution.

Answer 21.
The browser window can be divided into two or more panes to accommodate different pages simultaneously. HTML provides a facility called frameset to partition the browser window into different sections. Each section accommodates different HTML pages. Each individual section created by a frameset is called a frame. To create a frameset, we can use <FRAMESET> and <FRAME> tags.

Answer 22.
<FRAMESET ROWS = “20%, 40%, 40%”>
<FRAME Src= “A.htm”>
<FRAMESrc= “B.htm”>
<FRAME Src= “C.htm”>
</FRAMESET >

Answer 23.
Number: 67.4, .98
String: “Welcome’’, “123”, “true”, “hello”
Boolean: false

Answer 24.
Procedures refer to the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of database. The users of the system and the person that manages the database require documented procedures on how to use or run the system. These consist of instruction on how to:

• log onto the DBMS.
• use a particular DBMS facility or application program.
• start and stop the DBMS.
• make backup copies of the database or handle hardware or software failures.
• reorganise the database across multiple disks, improve performance or archive data to secondary storage.

Answer 25.

1. Without sparing extra storage space, we can use the same table as different tables (but virtual).
2. The views implement sharing along with privacy.
3. It also helps to reduce the complexity of conditions with WHERE clause while retrieving, updating or deleting records from tables.

Answer 26.
Copyright: It is a legal right given to the creators for an original work, usually for a limited period of time. The general rule is that the copyright lasts for 60 years after the death of the last surviving author. Registration of copyright gives a legal status to a creative work.
Patents: It is the exclusive rights granted for an invention. The term of every patent India is 20 years from the date of patent application. Once a patent expires, the protection ends and an invention can be used by the public freely.

Answer 27.
# include<iostream> using namespace std; int fact(int);
int main( )
{
int n, r;
cout«“Enter the value:”;
cin>>n;
r = fact(n);
cout<<r;
return 0;
}
int fact(int N)
{
int f;
for(f = 1; N>0; N- -) f = f*N; return f;
}

Answer 28.
# include <iostream> using namespace std; int main( )
{
int n, r, s = 0; cout<<“Enter the number: cin>>n; while(n!= 0)
{
r = n % 10; s = (s * 10)+ r; n = n/10;
}
cout«“The reverse of the number is”
<<s;
return 0;
}

Answer 29.
Scripts are program codes written inside HTML pages. They are written using a text editor like notepad. Scripting languages are:
JavaScript: It is a client side scripting language used to make web pages inter-active which was developed by Brendan Eich. On the client side, JavaScript is implemented as an interpreted language. JavaScript can be inserted inside HTML code or can be written as an external file and then included inside HTML file.
VBScript: It is a scripting language developed by Microsoft Corporation based on the popular programming language Visual Basic.
PHP: It is an open source general-purpose scripting language that is suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML code. It is a server side scripting tool. The main objective of PHP is to develop dynamic web pages at ease.
ASP (Active Server Pages): It can be used to create and run interactive web applications. ASP contains HTML and a scripting language code. The scripting language can be VBScript or JavaScript. ASP files have the extension .asp.
Java Server Pages (JSP): It is a technology provides a simple and fast way to create dynamic web content. It uses Java as programming language. JSP files have the extension .jsp. To run JSP,. Apache Tomcat web server is required

Answer 30.
The operators in JavaScript are:

1. Arithmetic operators: It contains +, -, *, /, %, + +, – -operators.
2. Assignment operators: =, + = , -=, *=,/=,%= are assignment operators.
3. Relational operators (Comparison operators): The relational operators are = = , !=, <, <=, >, >=. The result of a relational operation is either true or false. These operators compare the values on the two side of the operator and give the result accordingly.
4. Logical operators: &&, ∥ ! are logi-cal operators.
5. String addition operator (+): Opera-tor + is used to add two strings. Adding two string means concatenating two strings.

Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Model Question Paper 2

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum: 60 Scores

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• Read the instructions carefully.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provied.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Part A

Answer all questions from 1 to 5

Question 1.
In C+ + , the array index starts with

Question 2.
State whether the following statement is true or false:
A link from one section to another section of the same HTML document is known as external linking.

Question 3.
…………….protocol helps e-mail communication.

Question 4.
…………..is a fully integrated business management system.

Question 5.
Cyber terrorism is a type of cyber crime against…………………

Part B

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16

Question 6.
Write the output of the following JavaScript code. Give reason.

Question 7.
Write any 3 attributes used in <BODY> tag.

Question 8.
There are two web pages in the class project created by Mathew. The second page should appear in the browser when clicked at a particular text in the first page. What do you call this feature? Name the tag and attribute needed for creating such a feature.

Question 9.
“CSS plays an important role in developing websites today”. Write the advantages of using CSS in websites?

Question 10.
Raju wishes to host a website for his family. What are the advantages that free web hosting companies provide?

Question 11.
How many distinct tuples and attributes are there in a relation with cardinality 22 and degree 7.

Question 12.
Create a table named Stock and apply table constraints to it.

Question 13.
What are the risks of ERP implementation?

Question 14.
“Non-local nature of cyber crime creates problems to the investigators”. Explain.

Question 15.
Discuss the different technologies that are used to enhance data communication features of GSM.

Question 16.
What is a GPS?

Part C

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27

Question 17.
Write a C++ program to display n terms of the Fibonacci series.

Question 18.
Distinguish between switch and else if ladder statements.

Question 19.
Identify the built-in functions needed for following cases:
a. To convert the letter ‘c’ to ‘C’.
b. To check whether a given character is alphabet or not.
c. To combine strings “comp” and “uter” to make “computer”.

Question 20.
Explain any three stream functions for I/O operation.

Question 21.
What is the difference between <UL> tag and <0L> tag?

Question 22.
Create a web page that displays sum of numbers upto a given limit.

Question 23.
What are the data types in JavaScript?

Question 24.
How data is organized in DBMS

Question 25.
List any five built-in functions of SQL.

Question 26.
“Awareness is the best way to protect ourselves in cyberspace”. Comment.

Question 27.
Normally a function has its prototype and definition.
a. Write the function prototyping of a user defined function Max ( ) which accepts two integer values and return the larger between them.
b. Write the definition of the Max ( ) function.

Part D

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30

Question 28.
Suggest some safety measures taken for using internet ?

Question 29.
Suppose you are browsing the website www.prdkerala.org. Explain hoVy the DNS resolves the IP address.

Question 30.
Explain the various functional units of Enterprise Resource Planning.

ANSWERS

Answer 1.
0

Answer 2.
false

Answer 3.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Answer 4.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Answer 5.
governments

Answer 6.
101
Variable x is a string. So string addition takes place as y is also treated as string.

Answer 7.

1. Background: This attribute sets an image as background for the documents body.
2. Bgcolor: This attribute specifies a colour for the background of the document body.
3. Text: This attribute specifies the colour of the text content in the page.

Answer 8.
Link <A>, Href

Answer 9.
It is a style sheet language used for describing the formatting of a document written in HTML. A CSS file allows us to separate HTML content from its style. The advantage of CSS is that we can reuse the same code for all the pages. This also reduces the size of the web page thereby providing faster downloads for web pages.

Answer 10.
Free hosting provides web hosting service free of charge. Some free web hosting sites provide the facility to upload the files of our website in their server. Free web hosting services usually provide either their own subdomain or as a directory service for accessing our websites. Some free web hosting companies provide domain name registration services also.

Answer 11.
Number of tuples = 22
Attributes = 7

Answer 12.

CREATE TABLE Stock(code CHAR (2) PRIMARY KEY AUTO_
INCREMENT, name VARCHAR (25) NOT NULL,
purchase DATE, rate DECIMAL (10, 2), ay INT, UNIQUE (code, name));

Answer 13.

1.  High cost: The cost of implementation and configuration of ERP software is high.
2. Time consuming: The ERP implementation is performed in many phases, so it consumes much time.
3. Requirement of additional trained staf: Trained staffs are needed to run ERP system.
4. Operational and maintanance issue: The implementation process is a continuous process, so maintenance of an ERP system is very difficult.

Answer 14.
An important aspect of cyber crime is its non-local character. A crime can occur in-jurisdictions separated by vast distances. That is, an attacker may operate from a country and attack a destination in some other country. So the investigating team and the judiciary of different countries . must keep hand in hand. Due to the anonymous nature of the Internet, it is possible for people to engage in a variety of criminal activities. People commit cyber crimes knowingly or unknowingly.

Answer 15.
GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) is a packet oriented mobile data service on the 2G on GSM. EDGE (Enchanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) is three times faster than GPRS. It is used for voice communication as well as an internet connection.

Answer 16.
Global Positioning System (GPS) is space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to 4 or more GPS satellites.

Answer 17.

# include <iostream>
Using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int num, sum = 0, dig;
cout<<“Enter a number";
cin>>num;
while (num>0)
{
dig = num%10;
sum = sum + dig;
num = num/10;
}
cout<<“Sum of the digits of the input number = ”<<sum;
return 0;
}

Answer 18.
switch:

• Permits multiple branching.
• Evaluates conditions with equality operator only.
• Case constant must be an integer or a character type value.
• When no match is found, default statement is executed.
• break statement is required to exit from switch statement.
• More efficient when the same variable or expression is compared against a set of values for equality,

else if ladder:

• Permits multiple branching.
• Evaluates any relational or logical expression.
• Condition may include range of values and floating point constants.
• When no expression evaluates to True, else block is executed.
• Program control automatically goes out after the completion of a block.
• More flexible and versatile compared to . switch.

Answer 19.
a. toupper ( )
b. isalpha ( )
c. strcat ( )

Answer 20.
i. get ( ). It can accept a single character or multiple characters (string) through the keyboard. To accept a string, an array name and size are to be given as arguments.

eg., ch = cin.get(ch);
cin.get (ch);
cin.get (str,10);

ii. getline ( ). It accepts a string through the keyboard. The delimiter will be Enter key, the number of characters or a specified character.

eg., cin.getline(strjen);
cin.getline(str,len,ch);

iii. write ( ). This function displays the string contained in the argument.

eg., char str [ 10] = “hello”;
cout.write (str,10);

Answer 21.
We can create an unordered list with the tag pair<UL> and </UL>. Each item in the list is presented by using the tag pair <LI> and </LI>. HTML provides the tag pair <OL> and </OL> to create an ordered list. The items in the ordered list are presents by <LI> tag in <OL> element.

Answer 22.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> JavaScript-Sum</TITLE>
<SCRIPT Language = “JavaScript”> function Sumlimit( )
{
var sum = 0, i, I;
l=Number(document.frmSum.txtLimit.value);
for (i = 1; i<=l; i+ + )
sum + = i;
document.frmSum. txtSum.value = sum;
}
</SCRIPT>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FORM Name = “frmSum”>
<CENTER>
Enter the limit
<INPUTType = “text” Name = “txtLimit”> <BR> <BR>
Sum of Numbers
<INPUTType = “text” Name = “txtSum”>
<BR> <BR>
<INPUT Type = “button” Value = “Show"
onClick = “sumLimit()”>
</ CENTER>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Answer 23.
The three primitive data types in JavaScript are Number, String and Boolean.
Number: They include integers, floating point numbers and signed numbers.
Strings: A string is a combination of characters, numbers or symbols enclosed within double quotes.
Boolean: A boolean data can be either True or False ( without double quates).

Answer 24.
Data is organized as fields, records and files.
Fields: A field is the smallest unit of stored data. Each field consists of data of a specific type, eg., Name, Marks.
Record: A record is a collection of related fields.
File: A file is a collection of all occurrence of same type of records.

Answer 25.
SUM(): Total of the values in the column.
AVG ( ): Average of the values in the column.
MIN ( ): Smallest value in the coluqin.
MAX( ): Largest value in the column.
COUNT ‘( ): Number of non NULL values in the column.

Answer 26.
Awareness is the first step in protecting ourselves, our family and our business. We should remember that our actions over the internet are being monitored by several others. Some of the ethical practices over the internet are:

• Use anti-virus, firewall, and spam blocking software for your PC.
• Ensure security of websites (https and padlock) while conducting online cash transactions.
• Do not respond or act on e-mails sent from unknown sources.
• Use unique and complex passwords for accounts and change your passwords on a regular basis.

Answer 27.

a. int Max (int x, int y);
b. int Max (int a, int b)
{
if (a > b)
return a;
else
return b;
}

Answer 28.
a. Use antivirus, firewall and spam blocking software on your PC.
b. Ensure secure websites for financial transactions.
c. Do not respond or act on email sent from unknown sources.
d. Use complex passwords and change it frequently.
e. Don’t hide your identity and fool others.
f. Do not use bad languages on e-mail and social networks.
g. Do not click on pop-up ads.

Answer 29.
The following steps illustrate how the DNS resolves the IP address:

• All browsers store the IP addresses of the recently visited websites in its cache. Therefore, the browser first searches its local memory (mini cache) to see whether it has the IP address of this domain. If found, the browser uses it.
• If it is not found in the browser cache, it checks the operating system’s local cache for the IP address.
• If it is not found there, it searches the DNS server of the local ISP.
• In the absence of the domain name in the ISP’s DNS server, the ISP’s DNS server initiates a recursive search starting from the root server till it receives the IP address.
• The ISP’s DNS server returns this IP address to the browser.
• The browser connects to the web server using the IP address of website and the webpage is displayed in the browser window. If the IP address is.not found, it returns the message ‘Server not found’ in the browser window.

Answer 30.

1. Financial module. This module collects financial data from various department and generate various reports.
2. Manufacturing module. This module manages and provides information for the entire production process.
3. Production planning module. This module is used for the utilization of resources in an optimized way so as to maximize the production and minimize the loss.
4. Inventory control module. It manages the stock requirement for an organization.
5. Purchasing module. This module is responsible for the availability of raw material in the right time at the right price.

Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Model Question Papers Paper 1 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Part – A

Answer all the questions from 1 to 5 carry one score each: (Scores: 5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
Write a C++ statement to declare an array with size 25 to accept the name of a student.
Answer:
char name[25];

Question 2.
Name the following tags:

1. To include a button in HTML
2. To partition the browser window

Answer:

1. <input type=”button”>
2. <frameset>

Question 3.
Define Web Hosting
Answer:
Buying or renting storage space to store website in a web server and provide service(made available 24 × 7) to all the computers connected to the Internet. This is called web hosting.

Question 4.
Define BPR.
Answer:
Business Process Re-engineering: In general BPR is the series of activities such as rethinking and redesign the business process to enhance the enterprise’s performance such as reducing the cost(expenses), improve the quality, prompt, and speed(time-bound) service. BPR enhances the productivity and profit of an enterprise.

Question 5.
Name the intellectual property represented by the symbols ®, ©.
Answer:
® – Registered Trade Mark
© – Copy Right

Part – B

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16 carry 2 scores each: (Scores : 9 × 2 = 18)

Question 6.
Define built-in functions. Give two examples.
Answer:
Some functions that are already available in C++ are called pre-defined or built-in functions.

• strlen() – to find the number of characters in a string(i.e. string length).
• strcpy() – It is used to copy the second string into the first string.
• strcat() – It is used to concatenate the second string into the first one.
• strcmp() – It is used to compare two strings and returns an integer.

Question 7.
Write the use of the following in HTML:
(a) <A Href=”http://www.dhsekerala.gov.in>DHSE</A>.
(b) <EMBEDsrc=song1.mp3></EMBED>
Answer:
(a) To link dhse portal. This is an example for external linking.
(b) This is used to include an audio file in our web page.

Question 8.
Name the tag and attribute needed to create the following lists in HTML:

Answer:
a) <OL type=”1″>
b) <UL type=”square”>

Question 9.
Write a short note on free hosting.
Answer:
The name implies it is free of cost service and the expense is met by the advertisements. Some service providers allow limited facility such as limited storage space do not allow multimedia(audio and video) files.

A paid service website’s address is as follows
eg: www.bvmhsskalparamba.com
Usually, two types of free web hosting services as follows:
1) as a directory service.
Service provider’s website address/our website address
eg: www.facebook.com /bvm hss kalparambu

2) as a Subdomain
Our website address service providers website address
eg: bvmhsskalparamba.facebook.com

Question 10.
Write the type of web hosting that is most suitable:

1. For hosting a school website with a database.
2. For hosting a website for a firm
3. For creating a blog to share pictures and posts
4. For creating a low-cost personal website with a unique domain name.

Answer:

1. Shared Hosting
2. Dedicated Hosting
3. Free Hosting
4. VPS/Shared Hosting

Question 11.
Define the following:
(a) Field
(b) Record
Answer:
(a) Fields: the smallest unit of stored data.
eg: Regno, name, batch etc

(b) Record: Collection of related fields
eg: 101, Jose, Science

Question 12.
Write the name of any two-column constraints and their usage.
Answer:
Constraints are used to ensure database integrity.

1. Not Null – It ensures that a column can never have NULL values.
2. Unique – It ensures that no two rows have the same value in a column.
3. Primary key – Similar to unique but it can be used only once in a table.
4. Default – We can set a default value.
5. Autojncrement – This constraint is used to perform auto_increment the values in a column. That automatically generates serial numbers. Only one auto_increment column per table is allowed.

Question 13.
Define the following ERP related technologies:
(a) CRM
(b) SCM
Answer:
(a) Customer Relationship Management (CRM): As we know the customer is the king of the market. The existence of a company mainly the customers. CRM consists of programs to enhance the customer’s relationship with the company.

(b) Supply Chain Management (SCM): This is deals with moving raw materials from suppliers to the company as well as finished goods from the company to customers. The activities include are inventory(raw materials, work in progress and finished goods) management, warehouse management, transportation management, etc.

Question 14.
Write a short note on SAP.
Answer:
SAP stands for Systems, Applications, and Products for data processing. It is a German MNCin Walldorf and founded in 1972. Earlier they developed ERP packages for large MNC. But nowadays they developed for small scale industries also.

Question 15.
Define the following terms:
(a) Trademark
(b) Copyright
Answer:
(a) Trademark: This is a unique, simple, and memorable sign to promote a brand and hence increase the business and goodwill of a company. It must be registered. The period of registration is for 10 years and can be renewed. The registered trademark under Controller General of Patents Design and Trademarks cannot use or copy by anybody else.

(b) Copyright: The trademark is ©, copyright is the property right that arises automatically when a person creates a new work on his own, and by Law, it prevents the others from the unauthorized or intentional copying of this without the permission of the creator for 60 years after the death of the author.

Question 16.
Name the following:

1. Satellite-based Navigation system
2. Service used to send messages with Multimedia content
3. Packet oriented mobile data service on GSM.
4. Smart card technology used only in GSM phone systems.

Answer:

1. GPS
2. MMS
3. GPRS
4. SIM

Part – C

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27 carry 3 scores each: (Scores: 9 × 3 = 27)

Question 17.
Define Jump Statements. Explain any two.
Answer:
The execution of a program is sequential but we can change this sequential manner by using jump statements. The jump statements are

1. goto statements: By using goto we can transfer the control anywhere in the program without any condition. The syntax is the goto label;
2. break statement: It is used to skip over a part of the code i.e. we can premature exit from a loop such as while, do-while, for, or switch.
3. continue statement: It bypasses one iteration of the loop.
4. exit(0) function: It is used to terminate the program. For this, the header file cstdlib must be included.

Question 18.
Explain about nested loops.
Answer:
Nested Loop: A loop contains another loop completely then it is called a nested loop.
Eg.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, j;
for(i=1; i<5; i++)
{
for(j=1; j<=i; j++)
cout<<"*";
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 19.
Compare call-by-value and call-by-reference methods for calling functions.
Answer:

Question 20.
Differentiate between local and global variables.
Answer:

Question 21.
Name any two attributes of the following tags:
(a) <HTML>
(b) <MARQUEE>
(c) <FONT>
Answer:
(a) Attributes of <HTML> are dir(direction ltr or rtl) and Language

(b) Attributes of <MARQUEE> (Any Two)
Height – Sets the height of the Marquee text

Width – Sets the width of the Marquee text

Direction – Specifies the scrolling direction of the text such as up, down, left or right

Behavior – Specifies the type such as Scroll, Slide(Scroll and stop) and alternate(to and fro).
<marquee behavior-“scroll”
scrollamount=”100″>hello</marquee>
<marquee behavior-“slide”
scrollamount=”100″>hello</marquee>
<marquee behavior-“alternate”
scrollamount=”100″>hello</marquee>

Scrolldelay – Specifies the time delay in seconds between each jump.

scrollamount – Specifies the speed of the text
loop – This specifies the number of times the marquee scroll. Default infinite.

bgcolor – Specifies the back ground colour.

Hspace – Specifies horizontal space around the marquee

Vspace – Specifies vertical space around the marquee

(c) <Font> used to specify the font characteristics. Its attributes are size, face, and color.

Question 22.
Name the three essential tags for creating a table in HTML. Write the purpose of each tag.
Answer:

• <Table> is used to create a table.
• <TR> is used to create a row.
• <TH> is used to create heading cells.
• <TD> is used to create data cells.

Question 23.
Rewrite the following C++ code in JavaScript:

void length ()
{
char str[ ]="WELCOME";
cout<<strl;
}

Answer:

<html>
<head>
<Script Language="JavaScript">
function lengths()
{
var str1;
str1="WELCOME";
document.write(str1);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<form name="frm">
<input type="button" value="print" onClick="lengths()">
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>

Question 24.
Explain any three operators used in Relational algebra.
Answer:
Relational Algebra(Any Three)

1. Select operation(s): It is used to select tuples in a relation that satisfies a condition.
2. Project Operation (p): It is used to select certain columns while discards some other columns.
3. Cartesian Product (X): All possible combinations of tuples from two relations.
4. Union Operation (E): All tuples appearing in either or both of two relations.
5. Intersection operation (Q): All tuples appearing in both relations.
6. Set difference operation (-): All tuples appearing in the first relation and not in the second.

Question 25.
Explain any three advantages of DBMS.
Answer:
Advantages of DBMS (Any Three)
1. Data Redundancy: It means duplication of data. DBMS eliminates redundancy. DBMS does not store more than one copy of the same data.

2. Inconsistency can be avoided: If redundancy occurs there is a chance to inconsistency. If redundancy is removed then inconsistency cannot occur.

3. Data can be shared: The data stored in the database can be shared by the users or programs.

4. Standards can be enforced – The data in the database follows some standards.
Eg: a field ‘Name’ should have 40 characters long. Some standards are ANSI, ISO, etc.

5. Security restrictions can be applied – The data is of great value so it must be kept secure and private. Data security means the protection of data against accidental or intentional disclosure or unauthorized destruction or modification by an unauthorized person.

6. Integrity can be maintained: It ensures that the data is to be entered in the database is correct.

7. Efficient data access: It stored a huge amount of data efficiently and can be retrieved whenever a need arise.

8. Crash recovery: Sometimes all or a portion of the data is lost when a system crashes. A good DBMS helps to recover data after the system crashed.

Question 26.
Define the following:
(a) DML
(b) DDL
(c) DCL
Answer:
(a) DML – DML means Data Manipulation Language.
It is used to insert records into a table, modify the records of a table, delete the records of a table, and retrieve the records from a table.DML commands are select, insert, delete, and update.

(b) DDL – DDL means Data Definition Language.
It is used to create the structure of a table, modify the structure of a table, and delete the structure of a table. DDL commands are created, alter and drop

(c) DCL – DCL means Data Control Language.
It is used to control access to the database. Commands are Grant, Revoke, etc

Question 27.
Write the result of the following:
(a) ALTER TABLE <table name>
Drop <column name>
(b) DELETE FROM <table name>
(c) DROP TABLE <table name>
Answer:
(a) This command is used to delete a column from a table.
(b) This command is used to delete all the records from a table.
(c) This command is used to delete a table from the memory.

Part – D

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30 with 5 scores each: (Scores: 2 × 5 = 10)

Question 28.
Consider the following C++ code

int main()
{
char str[20];
cout<<"Enter a String";
cin>>str;
puts(str);
return 0;
}

1. Write the value of str if the string ‘HELLO WORLD’ is input to the code. Justify.
2. Write the amount of memory allocated for storing the array str. Give reason.
3. Write an alternative we can use to input string in place of cin

Answer:

1. The output is “HELLO”.Here the white space after HELLO is treated as the delimiter hence the remaining(“WORLD”) will be truncated.
2. 20 bytes of memory is allocated for storing the array str.
3. gets() or getline() can be used to input string for accepting white spaces.

Question 29.
In HTML
(a) Differentiate client-side script and server-side script
(b) Name the tag and its attribute used to include a script in a web page
(c) Name any two server-side scripting language.
Answer:
(a)

(b) <SCRIPT Language=”JavaScript”>
(c) ASP, JSP, PHP, etc.

Question 30.
In JavaScript:
(a) Explain any three types of operators used.
(b) Describe any two datatypes used.
Answer:
(a) Operators in JavaScript: Operators are the symbols used to perform an operation

1. Arithmetic operators: It is a binary operator. It is used to perform addition(+), subtraction(-), division(/), multiplication(*), modulus(%-gives the remainder)
2. Assignment operator: If a = 10 and b = 3 then a = b. This statement sets the value of a and b are the same, i.e. it sets a to 3.
3. Logical operators: Here AND(&&), OR(||) are binary operators and NOT(!) is a unary operator. It is used to combine relational operations and it gives either true or false

b) Data types in JavaScript: Unlike C++ it uses only three basic data types

1. Number: Any number(whole or fractional) with or without a sign.
   Eg: +1977, -38.0003, -100, 3.14157,etc
2. String: It is a combination of characters enclosed within double-quotes.
   Eg: “BVM”, “[email protected]”, etc
3. Boolean: We can store either true or false. It is case sensitive. That means can’t use TRUE OR FALSE

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Paper March 2017 with Answers

Time: 2½ Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2½ hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Question 1.
Which among the following is equivalent to the statement series b = a, a = a + 1?
a. b + = a
b. b = a + +
c. b = + + a
d. b + = a + b

Question 2.
A designed website has to be uploaded into a………to make it available to the internet users all over the world.

Question 3.
A 4G mobile network uses…………
a. CDMA
b. WCDMA
c. OFDMA
d. None of these

Question 4.
Write the output of the following C++ code segment.
char S1 [10] = “Computer”;
char S2 [ 15] = “Applications”;
strcp (S1, S2);
cout<<S2;

Question 5.

Question 6.
Answer anyone from 6 (a) or 6 (b).
a. Compare static and dynamic web pages.
OR
b. Compare client-side scripting and server-side scripting languages.

Question 7.
Answer anyone from 7 (a) or 7 (b).
a. Amita wanted to get the name ‘www.smartproducts.com’ for her newly designed website. How it is possible?
OR
b. Ajith created a website using the software ‘Joomla’. What is the peculiarity of this software and write any four advantages of using this software?

Question 8.
Is it possible to combine SELECT and PROJECT operations of relational algebra into a single statement? Explain with an example.

Question 9.
Write a short note on the Android operating system.

Question 10.
What is copyright? How does it differ from patent?

Question 11.
In RDBMS a relation contains 10 rows and 5 columns. What is the degree of relation?

Question 12.
What is an external JavaScript file? Write the advantages of using an external Java-Script file.

Question 13.
Explain the different levels of data abstraction in DBMS.

Question 14
is an SQL data type which is used to represent a variable-length string.

Question 15.
A statement in a loop forces the termination of that loop.

Question 16
is a server that acts as a bridge between the merchant server and the bank server.

Question 17.
Write a C++ initialization statement to initialize an integer array name ‘MARK’ with the values 70, 80, 85, 90.

Question 18.
Write a C++ program to input 10 numbers into an integer array and find the sum of numbers which are an exact multiple of 5.

Question 19.
Explain two stream functions for input operation for example.

Question 20.
The structure of the table ‘EMPLOYEE’ is given below.
Empcode            Numeric
Empname          String
Basicpay             Numeric
DA                        Numeric
Grosspay             Numeric
Write SQL statement for the following:
a. Insert record into the table.
b. Update DA with 60% basic pay.
c. Display the details of employees whose basic pay is greater than 20,000.
d. Rename the table EMPLOYEE to EMP DETAILS.

Question 21.
Write the complete HTML tag that links the text “PSC” to the website www.keralapsc.org.

Question 22.
Explain nesting of framesets with an example.

Question 23.
Every web browser has default colours to display text and hyperlink. How can we change this default color?

Question 24.
Write the HTML code to create the following table.

Question 25.
Answer anyone from 25(a) or 25(b).
a. Explain the importance of BPR in ERP implementation.
OR
b. Selection of ERP package is very crucial in the implementation of an ERP system. Give a short note on any four popular ERP packages.

Question 26.
Develop a webpage to display the following screen:

The user can enter a name in the textbox. On checking the ‘show’ button the name entered in the textbox should be changed into uppercase. Include JavaScript code in the HTML for doing this.

Question 27.
“ Initialized formal arguments are called default arguments”. Using this concept write the function prototype and definition of a user-defined function Sum () which accepts two or three integer numbers and returns their sum.

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Papers and Answers.

Kerala Plus Two Computer Application Previous Year Question Paper March 2018 with Answers

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Questions 1 – 5 Carry 1 Score each. Answer all questions. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 1.
Name any two data type modifiers in C++
Answer:
short, long, signed, and unsigned (Any 2)

Question 2.
Define the term ‘array traversal’.
Answer:
Traversal: All the elements of an array is visited and processed is called traversal

Question 3.
Which tag is used for hyperlinking in HTML?
Answer:
<A> tag

Question 4.
What is SCM?
Answer:
Supply Chain Management (SCM): This is deals with moving raw materials from suppliers to the company as well as finished goods from the company to customers.

Question 5.
Write the full form of OFDMA.
Answer:
OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)

Questions 6 to 16 carry 2 score each. Answer any 9 questions. (9 × 2 = 18)

Question 6.
Write a C++ statement to declare and initialise an array in the following situations.
a) An array of 5 unit prices 18.50, 27.5, 19.00, 12.50, 10.75
b) An array with the letters ‘WELCOME’.
Answer:
float price[]={18.50, 27.5, 19.00, 12.50, 10.75};

Question 7.
Write the output of the following C++code
1) char S1[10], S2[10]=”welcome’;
strcpy(S1, S2);
cout<<S1;
2) char S1[20]=”welcome”;
char S2[20]=”toC++”;
strcat(S1, S2);
cout<<S1;
Answer:
1) welcome
2) welcome to C++

Question 8.
Differentiate ‘static’ and ‘dynamic’ webpages.
Answer:

Question 9.
Name any two attributes of <html>tag with the use
Answer:
Attributes of <HTML> are dir(direction ltr or rtl) and Language

Question 10.
What is the use of FTP client software?
Answer:
By using FTP client s/w we can transfer(upload) the files from our computer to the web server by using the ‘drag and drop’ method. The popular FTP client software is FileZilla, CuteFTP, SmartFTP, etc.

Question 11.
Define the following terms in DBMS

1. Cardinality
2. Domain

Answer:

1. Cardinality – The number of rows in a table is the cardinality.
2. Domain – The pool of possible values from which actual column values are drawn.

Question 12.
Categorise the following SQL commands into DDL and DML
[CREATE, INSERT, ALTER, UPDATE]
Answer:

Question 13.
What is BPR?
Answer:
Business Process Re-engineering: In general BPR is the series of activities such as rethinking and redesign the business process to enhance the enterprise’s performance such as reducing the cost (expenses), improve the quality, prompt, and speed(time-bound) service.
BPR enhances the productivity and profit of an enterprise.

Question 14.
Explain the role of “System testing” in the implementation of ERP.
Answer:
Testing: This phase is very important. It determines whether the system produces a proper results. Errors in design and logic are identified.

Question 15.
What is the use of RFID?
Answer:
RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) tag and the reader. It is like the bar code. The RFID tag contains all the details of a product and it consists of a combination of a transmitter and a receiver. This tag is used in Vehicles as a prepaid tag and makes the payments easier in Toll booths. Similarly, it is useful to takeoff the Census of wild animals also.

Question 16.
Compare GPRS and EDGE technologies.
Answer:
GPRS (General Packet Radio Services): It is a packet-oriented mobile data service on the 2G on GSM. GPRS was originally standardized by European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) GPRS usage is typically charged based on the volume of data transferred. Usage above the bundle cap is either charged per megabyte or disallowed.

EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution): It is three times faster than GPRS. It is used for voice communication as well as an internet connection.

Questions 17 to 27 carry 3 scores each. Answer any 9 questions. (9 × 3 = 27)

Question 17.
Write the output of the following code segment in C++.

int sum=0;
int a[]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
for(int i=0; i<5; i=i+2)
sum=sum+a[i];
cout<<sum;

Answer:
The output is 9. (The sum of 1, 3, and 5).

Question 18.
Explain the use of the following built-in functions in C++.
(i) abs()
(ii) sqrt()
(iii) pow()
Answer:
i) abs(): It returns the absolute value of the given number.
eg. abs(-23) returns 23.

ii) sqrt(): It returns the square root of the given number.
eg. sqrt(16) returns 4.

iii) pow(): It is used to find the power of a given number.
eg. pow(5, 2) returns 25.

Question 19.
Compare call by value and call by reference method in C++.
Answer:

Question 20.
Write a short note on “Java Server Pages”.
Answer:
Java Server Pages (JSP)

1. JSP introduced by Sun Micro System
2. JSP stands for Java Server Page.
3. An JSP file uses .jsp extension
4. It is platform-independent
5. It uses Apache Tomcat webserver
6. JSP binds with Servlets (Servlets are Java codes run in Server to serve the client requests).

Question 21.
Name the three attribute of <MARQUEE> with its use
Answer:
Attributes of <MARQUEE> (Any Three)

Height – Sets the height of the Marquee text

Width – Sets the width of the Marquee text

Direction – Specifies the scrolling direction of the text such as up, down, left or right

Behavior – Specifies the type such as Scroll,
Slide(Scroll and stop) and alternate(to and fro).
<marquee behavior=”scroll”
scrollamount=”100″>hello</marquee>
<marquee behavior=”slide”
scrollamount=”100″>hello</manquee>
<marquee behavior=”alternate”
scrollamount=”100″>hello</manquee>

Scrolldelay – Specifies the time delay in seconds between each jump.

scrollamount – Specifies the speed of the text

loop – This specifies the number of times the marquee scroll. Default infinite.

bgcolor – Specifies the background colour.

Hspace – Specifies horizontal space around the marquee

Vspace – Specifies vertical space around the marquee

Question 22.
Consider the following JavaScript Code.

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">
var i, s;
for (i=1; i<10; i++)
{
s=i*i;
document.write(s);
document.write("<BR>");
}
</SCRIPT>

a) What will be the output of the program.
b) What is the use of <SCRIPT> tag
c) Write the output statement used in the above code.
Answer:
a) The Output is
1
4
9
16
25
36
49
64
81
100
b) <SCRIPT> tag is used to write scripts
c) document.write(s) is the output statement used in the code.

Question 23.
Explain three types of “Web hosting”.
Answer:
Types of web hosting
Various types of web hosting services are available. We can choose the web hosting services according to our needs depends upon the storage space needed for hosting, the number of visitors expected to visit, etc.

1) Shared Hosting: This type of hosting shares resources, like memory, disk space, and CPU hence the name shared. Several websites share the same server. This is suitable for small websites that have less traffic and it is not suitable for large websites that have large bandwidth, large storage space, and have a large volume of traffic.
Eg: Shared hosting is very similar to living in an Apartment(Villas) complex. All residents are in the same location and must share the available resources(Car parking area, Swimming pool, Gymnasium, playground, etc) with everyone.

2) Dedicated Hosting: A web server and its resources are exclusively for one website that has a large volume of traffic means a large volume of requests by the visitors. Some Govt, departments, or large organizations require uninterrupted services for that round the clock power supply is needed. It is too expensive but it is more reliable and provides good service to the public.
Eg: It is similar to living in an Our own house. All the resources in your house are only for you. No one else’s account resides on the computer and would not be capable of tapping into your resources.

3) Virtual Private Server (VPS): A VPS is a virtual machine sold as a service by an Internet hosting Service. A VPS runs its own copy of an OS(Operating System) and customers have super level access to that OS instance, so they can install almost any s/w that runs on that OS. This type is suitable for websites that require more features than shared hosting but less features than dedicated hosting.
Eg: It is similar to owning a Condo

Question 24.
Distinguish Alternate key and foreign key.
Answer:
Alternate key – A candidate key other than the primary key.
Foreign key – A single attribute or a set of attributes, which is a candidate key in another

Question 25.
Explain the different levels of data abstraction in DBMS.
Answer:
Levels of Database Abstraction:

1. Physical Level (Lowest Level) – It describes how the data is actually stored in the storage medium.
2. Logical Level (Next Higher Level) – It describes what data are stored in the database.
3. View Level (Highest level) – It is closest to the users. It is concerned with the way in which the individual users viewthe data.

Question 26.
Explain any three-column constraints in SQL.
Answer:
Constraints are used to ensure database integrity.

1. Not Null – It ensures that a column can never have NULL values.
2. Unique – It ensures that no two rows have the same value in a column.
3. Primary key – Similar to unique but it can be used only once in a table.
4. Default- We can set a default value.
5. Autojncrement – This constraint is used to perform autoincrement of the values in a column. That automatically generates serial numbers. Only one autoincrement column per table is allowed.

Question 27.
Consider the table ITEM with the field Item code, Item name, Price, Write SQL queries.

1. To Display the maximum and minimum price of items.
2. To remove all records where priced < 1000
3. To display the number of records in the table.

Answer:

1. select max(Price), min(Price) from ITEM;
2. delete from ITEM where Priced<1000;
3. select count(*) from ITEM;

Questions from 28 – 30 carry 5 scores. Answer any 2 questions. (5 × 2 = 10)

Question 28.
Consider the C++ program to find the sum of the first 10 natural numbers and answer the following questions.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, sum=0;
for(int i=1; i<=10; i++)
sum=sum+i;
cout<<"sum is="<<sum
}

a) Rewrite the above program using do-while loop.
b) What will be the output of the above program if we replace i++ with i=i+2 in the for loop
c) What is the purpose of #include<iostream>
Answer:

a) #include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i=1 ,sum=0;
do
sum=sum+i; i++;
}
while(i<=10);
cout<<"sum is="<<sum;
}

b) The output is 25(Sum of odd numbers less than 10).
c) This statement is used to include the header file iostream in our program. This header file helps to include i/o operations on characters and strings in the programs.

Question 29.
a) Name the HTML tag to create checkbox, textbox, and radio box.
b) Write an HTML statement to create the textbox with a maximum length of 25 and size of 30.
c) Write an HTML statement to create a submit button with the caption “login”.
Answer:
a) checkbox-<inputtype=”checkbox>
text box-:<input type=”text”>
radio box-:<inputtype=”radio”>

b) <input type=”text” name-“Firstname” size=30 maxlength=”25″>

c) <input type=”button” value = “Login” onClick=”lengths()”>

Question 30.
Consider the javascript code to display the square of the first 10 numbers using the code answer the following.

<SCRIPT language="Javascript">
var i, s;
for (i=1; i<10; i++)
{
s=i*i;
document.write(s);
document.write("<BR>");
}
</SCRIPT>

a) Rewrite the above program using a while loop.
b) Modify the above program to print the first 10 even numbers.
Answer:

a) <SCRIPT language="Javascript">
var i, s; i=1;
while(i<=10)
{
s=i*i;
i++;
document.write(s);
document.write("<BR>");
}
</SCRIPT>

b) <SCRIPT language="Javascript">
var i;
for(i=2; i<=20; i+=2)
{
document.write(i);
document.write("<BR>");
}
</SCRIPT>

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Model Question Paper 3

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to candidates:

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from 1 to 5 (5×1 = 5)

Question 1.
The blueprint or prototype that defines the properties and behavior of similar objects is called …………..

Question 2.
Write an example of a dynamic data structure.

Question 3.
Which is the default port number of HTTP service ?

Question 4.
The attribute .required in the tag for internal linking is ………..

Question 5.
SFTP stands for ………..

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16 (9×2 = 18)

Question 6.
What are the differences between array and structure in C++ ?

Question 7.
How can you create a dynamic array of size N, if N is inputted by the user ?

Question 8.
What is the advantages of circular queue over linear queue ?

Question 9.
Differentiate alink and vlink attribute in body tag.

Question 10.
Correct the JavaScript code fragment given below to display the value entered in the text box.

<form Name = ‘myform’>
input a number <input type = “text” name =num>
<input type = “button” value = “check”.......>
</form>
function Myform()
{
num = ........;
alert (num);
}

Question 11.
Write any two mouse events in JavaScript and its description.

Question 12.
Write short notes on primary key and foreign key.

Question 13.
Consider the given table PRODUCT and answer the following questions in relational algebra.

a. Select all details of product where quantity is above 60.
b. Select Pname and Quantity.

Question 14.
Why do we need PHP Script in web pages? What type of output is generated when a PHP script is processed ?

Question 15.
What is e-banking ? What are the areas where e-banking is effectively utilized?

Question 16.
What is GIS?

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27 (9 x 3 = 27)

Question 17.
a. What is nested structure ?

b. Consider the following structure definition.

struct Student 
{
int rno;
char Name[2o]; 
char dob;
}

How can you implement the concept of nested structure using the member ‘dob’ ?

Question 18.
Explain any three concepts of object oriented programming.

Question 19.
Write an algorithm to remove an item from a Queue ?

Question 20.
List and explain any three attributes of TABLE tag in HTML.

Question 21.
What are the different ways to add JavaScript in a webpage ?

Question 22.
What is meant by web hosting ? Briefly explain any two stages of web hosting.

Question 23.
Explain different level of data abstraction in DBMS.

Question 24.
Which constraints are used to define the following cases in SQL.
a. set a field to uniquely identify rows in a table.
b. increment the value of a field automatically.
c. set the value of a field to be not null.

Question 25.
Consider the data given below.
Data in first array : 12, 36, 29, 34, 48
Data in second array : Pen = 35, Pencil = 40, Eraser = 5, Brush = 25
a. Name the suitable types of arrays to store these data.
b. Write the PHP code to create these arrays to store the data.

Question 26.
What is meant by distributed computing ? Discuss any two distributed computing paradigms.

Question 27.
What are the different types of interaction between stakeholders in e-Governance ?

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30 (2 x 5 = 10)

Question 28.
a. Why do we need dynamic webpage ?
b. What is the role of web servers ?
c. Differentiate static webpage and dynamic webpage.

Question 29.
a. What is the use of rowspan and colspan in a table in HTML ?

b. Correct the given HTML code to get the output as shown in the figure.

<HTML>
<B0DY>
<TABLE> 
<TR>
<TD ALIGN </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD > Rollno </TD> 
<TD > name </TD> 
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>Arun</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Question 30.
Write SQL queries based on the table EMPLOYEE given below.

a. List EID and name of all employees.

b. Find all employees with Jobcode TA1 and salary greater than 39000.

c. Find all employees whose name begins with letter D.

d. Delete all employees with Jobcode ME3.

e. Display the details of employees in ascending order of salary.

Answers

Answer 1.
Class

Answer 2.
Linked list

Answer 3.
80

Answer 4.
Href

Answer 5.
Secured File Transfer Protocol

Answer 6.
Array:

• It is a derived data type.
• A collection of same type of data.

Structure:

• It is a user-defined data type.
• A collection of different types of data.

Answer 7.

int *ptr = new int[N];

Answer 8.
We can overcome the drawbacks of queue, using circular queue. Imagine the worst situation that there is only one element at the last position of the queue. If we try an insertion operation in this queues, there will he overflow situation. This limitation of linear queue can be overcome by circular queue.

Answer 9.
Alink: It specifies the colour of the active hyperlink. The default Alink colour is green.
Vlink: It specifies the colour of the hyperlink which is already visited by the viewer. The default colour for Vlink is purple.

Answer 10.

<form Name = ‘myform’> 
input a number
<input type = “text” name = num> 
<input type = “button” value = “check” onClick = “Myform”>
</form> 
function Myform()
{ 
num = document.myform.num.value alert (num);
}

Answer 11.
onClick() : This event occurs when the User clicks on the element.
onMousedown() : This event occurs when the user presses a mouse button over an element.

Answer 12.
Primary key: It is a set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify tuples within the relation. It cannot contain null value and duplicate value.
Foreign key: A key in a table can be called foreign key if it is a primary key in another table. Since a foreign key can be used to link two or more tables it is also called a reference key.

Answer 13.
a. σ _Quality>60  (PRODUCT)
b. π_{Pname, Quality} (PRODUCT)

Answer 14.
PHP is needed to accept the data sup-plied through the clients and process them within the server computer and give results back to the clients. PHP returns html files after processing.

Answer 15.
Internet banking and core banking help in transforming traditional banking into e-Banking. e-Banking or electronic banking is defined as the automated delivery of banking services directly to customers through electronic channel. E-Banking is utilized in ATMs, bill payments, Internet banking and core banking.

Answer 16.
GIS is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking and displaying data related to various positions on earth’s surface. GIS can show many different kinds of data on a map.

Answer 17.

struct Student
{
int rno;
char Name[20];
struct
{
int dd, mm, yy;
} dob;
};

Answer 18.
Data abstraction: Refers to showing only the essential features of the application and hiding the details from outside world. Data abstraction separates interface and implementation. Implementation denotes how variables are declared, how functions are coded, etc. It is through interface (function header/function signature) a communication is send to the object as messages.
Encapsulation: An OOP concept that binds together the data and functions that manipulate the data, and keeps both data and function safe from outside interference and misuse. C++ implements encapsulation through the declaration of a class. A class can contain private, protected and public members.
Polymorphism refers to the ability of a programming language to process objects differently depending on their data type or class. More specifically, it is the ability to redefine methods for derived classes.

Answer 19.
Algorithm: To perform DELETION operation in a queue
Consider an array QUEUE[N], where N is the maximum size of the array. FRONT and REAR keeps track of the front and rear position of the queue. VAL is a variable to be removed from the queue.

Start
1: If (FRONT > -1 AND FRONT < REAR) 
Then // empty status checking 
2: VAL = Q[FRONT]
3: FRONT = FRONT + 1 
4: Else
5: Print “Queue underflow”
6: End of If
7: If (FRONT > REAR) Then 
8: FRONT = REAR = -1 
9: End of If 
Stop

Answer 20.
1. Border: It specifies the thickness of the border line around the table.
2. Bordercolor: It is used to assign colour to the table border.
3. Align: It specifies the position of the table inside the browser window.

Answer 21.

1. Inside <BODY>: Placing scripts inside the <BODY> tag, the scripts will be executed while the contents of the web page is being loaded. The web page starts displaying from the beginning of the document. When the browser sees a script code in between, it renders the script and then the rest of the web page is displayed in the browser window.
2. Inside <HEAD>: It is a visual practice to include scripts in the head section of the web page. The main reason for this is that the body section of most of the HTML pages contains a large volume of text that specifies the contents to be displayed on the web page. Mixing a function definition also with this will create a lot of confusion for the web designer for making any kind of modification in the page.
3. External JavaScript file: We can place the scripts into an external file and then link to that file from within the HTML document. This file is saved with the extension ‘.js’. Placing JavaScripts in external files has some advantages. This is useful if the same scripts is used across multiple HTML page or a whole website.

Answer 22.
Web hosting is the service of providing storage space in a web server to serve files for a website to be made available on the Internet.
The two stages of web hosting are:
1. Purchase of hosting space.
2. Registration of domain name.
Two types of web hosting are:
Shard web hosting: It is the most common type of web hosting. It is referred to as shared because many different websites are stored on one single web server and they share resources like RAM and CPU. The features available on shared web servers are generally basic and are not flexible to suit a website that require specific features. Dedicated web hosting: It is the hosting where the client leases the entire web server and all its resources. The web server is not shared with any other website. Dedicated servers provide guaranteed performance, but they are very expensive. Since the bandwidth is not shared with other websites, it speeds up the access of the website. If the client is allowed to place their own purchased web server in the service
providers facility, then it is called co-location.

Answer 23.
1. Physical level: It is the lowest level of abstraction. The physical level describes complex lowlevel data structures in detail. We must decide what file organisations are to be used to store the relations and create auxiliary data structures, called indexes, to speed up data retrieved operations.
2. Logical level: It is is the next higher level of abstraction describes what data is stored in the database, and what relationship exist among those data. It describes the entire database in terms of a small number of relatively simple structures. The user of the logical level does not need to be aware of the complexity. Logical level is also referred as conceptual level.
3. View level: It is the highest level of database abstraction and is closest to the users. It is concerned with the way in which individual users view the data. It describes only a part of the entire database. Most of the users are not concerned with all the information that is contained in the database.

Answer 24.
a. UNIQUE
b. AUTO_INCREMENT
c. NOT NULL

Answer 25.
a. First case: Indexed array
Second case: Associative array

b. $arr1 = array(12, 36, 29, 34, 48); 
$arr2 = array (“Pen” =>35,“Pencil”
= >40, “Eraser”=>5, “Brush”=> 25);

Answer 26.
Distributed computing is a method of computing in which large problems can be divided into many small problems which are distributed to many computers. It provides a way to reduce the time it takes to perform a large task.
Grid computing is described as a world in the computational power (resources, services, data) is readily available. Here users get access to computational power just like electricity through wall side with no care or consideration for where or how the electricity is actually generated. Computers on a grid have a program on them, that allows unused resources to be used by another computer on the grid.
Cluster computing is a form of computing in which a group of personal computers, storage devices etc. are linked together so that they can work like a single computer. The components of a cluster are connected to each other through fast local area networks. Clusters provide computational power through parallel processing. It is relatively low cost form of a parallel processing machine used for scientific and other applications.

Answer 27.
i. Government to Government (G2G): It is the electronic sharing of data and/ or information among government agencies, departments or organizations. The goal of G2G is to support e- Governance initiatives by improving communication, data access and data sharing.
ii. Government to Citizens (G2C): If creates an interface between the government and citizens. Here the citizens enjoy a large range of public services. It increases the availability and accessibility of public services. It also improves the quality of services. Its primary purpose is to make the government citizen-friendly.
iii. Government to Business (G2B): e- Governance tools are used to aid the business community to interact with the government. The objective is to capitalism, save time, reduce operational costs and create a more transparent business environment while dealing with the government.
iv. Government to Employees (G2E): Government, being the biggest employer has to interact with its employees on a regular basis. This interaction is a two-way process between the government and the employees.

Answer 28.
a. Dynamic web pages are required to display information retrieved from the database based on the input given through the client
eg., Web page that displays the results of class XI examinations.
b. A web server is a powerful computer which is always switched on and connected to a high bandwidth Internet connection. This will facilitate Internet users around the world to access the websites and services hosted by it at any point of time.
c. a. Static websites:
1. The content and layout of a web page is fixed.
2. Static web pages never use data-bases.
Dynamic websites:
1. The content and layout may change during run time.
2. Database is used to generate dynamic content through queries.

Answer 29.
a. Colspan: It defines the number of columns occupied by that particular cell.
Rowspan: It defines the number of columns occupied by that particular cell

b. <HTML>
<BODY>
<TABLE Border = “1”>
<TR>
<TH Colspan="2"> Science</TH> 
</TR>
<TR>
<TH > Roll No. </TH>
<TH > Name </TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>Arun</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>2</TD> 
<TD>Aliya</TD> 
</TR>
</TABLE>

Answer 30.

a. SELECT EID, Name FROM EMPLOYEE;
b. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE JobCode = “TA1” AND Salary>
39000;
c. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE Name LIKE = “D%”;
d. DELETE FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE JobCode =“ME3”;
e. SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE ORDER BY Salary;

Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus Two Computer Science Model Question Paper 2

Time: 2 Hours
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to candidates:

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Your are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from 1 to 5 (5×1 = 5)

Question 1.
The variables declared inside the class are known as ……….

Question 2.
Queue follows the……principle.

Question 3.
A link to a particular section of the same document is called………..

Question 4.
The keyword used to declare a variable in JavaScript is………..

Question 5.
Name a protocol that provides secure file transfer.

Answer any nine questions from 6 to 16 (9×2 = 18)

Question 6.
Orphaned memory blocks are undesirable. How can they be avoided ?

Question 7.
“Structure is a user-defined data type”. Justify this statement.

Question 8.
How does stack overflow and underflow occur?

Question 9.
What is the role of payment gateway in online purchases?

Question 10.
Write two different uses of “+” operator in JavaScript ?

Question 11.
What are the advantages of writing JavaScript code in the head section of an HTML page?

Question 12.
What happens when we use DELETE FROM command without a WHERE clause?

Question 13.
What are the features of AUTO_ INCREMENT constraint?

Question 14.
Write a PHP program to display the perfect numbers below 100.

Question 15.
Why is cyber law important ?

Question 16.
List some uses of biometrics.

Answer any nine questions from 17 to 27 (9×3 = 27)

Question 17.
What are the advantages of character pointer over character array?

Question 18. How C++ implements encapsulation and data hiding?

Question 19.
Write a procedure to implement traversal operation in a linked list.

Question 20.
Create a table with 5 types of fruit names, use headings as serial number, name and cost.

Question 21.
Discuss about six built in functions used in JavaScript.

Question 22.
Categorize the cloud service models.

Question 23.
Using the instance of the EMPLOYEE relation given below, write the result of the following relational algebra expressions.

Question 24.
Explain about the components of SQL.

Question 25.
What is the use of $_SERVER? $_SERVER

Question 26.
Define the following cyber crimes:

a. Cyber terrorism
b. Website defacement
c. Attacks against e-governance web-sites

Question 27.
Explain how cloud service models change the way we use computers

Answer any two questions from 28 to 30 (2 x 5 = 10)

Question 28.
Explain about column constraints.

Question 29.
How can we connect a website hosted in a Webserver to a domain name?

Question 30.
Create a form that accepts information regarding a student. Fields necessary are name, age, class, sex, roll number, hobbies and date of birth. Use appropriate form controls.

Answers

Answer 1.
data member

Answer 2.
FIFO (First In First Out)

Answer 3.
Internal linking

Answer 4.
var

Answer 5.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Answer 6.
If the memory allocated using new operator is not freed using delete, that memory is said to be an orphaned memory block -a block of memory that is left unused, but not released for further allocation. Remedy for memory leak is to ensure that the memory allocated through new is properly deallocated through delete. Memory leak takes place only in the case of dynamic memory allocation. But in case of static memory allocation, the operating system takes the responsibility of allocation and deallocation without user’s instruction. So there is no chance of memory leak in static memory allocation.

Answer 7.
C++ provides facility to define new data types by which such aggregate or grouped data can be represented. The data types defined by user to represent data of aggregate nature are generally known as user-defined data types. Structure is a user-defined data type which represents a collection of logically related data items. It can represent a group of different types .of data under a common name.

Answer 8.
Once the stack is full, and if we attempt to insert an item, an impossible situation arises. This is known as stack overflow.
If the stack is empty and we try to delete an item from the stack, an unfavorable situation arises. This is known as stack underflow.

Answer 9.
Payment gateway is a server that acts as a bridge between merchant server and bank server and transfers money in an encrypted format whenever an online payment/money transfer is made.

Answer 10.
Operator + is used to add two strings. Adding two string means concatenating two strings. If the operands are numbers, it will add the numbers. If the operands are strings it will concatenate the strings. If + operator sees any one operand as string, it will treat both the operands as string type and concatenate the strings.

Answer 11.
It is a visual practice to include scripts in the head section of the web page. The main reason for this is that the body section of most of the HTML pages contains a large volume of text that specifies the contents to be displayed on the web page. Mixing a function definition also with this will create a lot of confusion for the web designer for making any kind of modification in the page. Moreover, the head section of a web page is loaded before the body section. Therefore, if any function call is made in the body section, the function will be executed as the function will be executed as the function definition is already loaded in the memory.

Answer 12.
The rows which are to be deleted are selected by using the WHERE clause. If the WHERE clause is not used, all the rows in the table will be deleted.

Answer 13.
It performs an auto-increment feature. By default, the starting value for this constraint is 1 and will be incremented by 1 for each new record. Only one AUTO_INCREMENT column per table is allowed.

Answer 14.

<?
function is_perfect($number)
{
for ($n = 2; $n <= sqrt($number); $n++)
{
if (!($number % $n))
{
$d += $n;
if ($n <> $number / $n)
$d += $number / $n;
}}
return ++$d == $number;
}
for ($n = 1; $n < 100; $n++) 
if (is_perfect($n)) 
echo $n . '<br />';
?>

Answer 15.
Cyber law is important because it touches almost all aspects of transactions and activities using internet. Whether we realist it or not, every action and every reaction in cyberspace has some legal perspectives.

Answer 16.
Biometrics authentication is used in identification of individual. Biometrics identifiers are the distinctive, measurable characteristics used to label and describe individuals.
Biometric identification is popularly used in attendance management system authentication in computers and other devices, Adhar cards, etc.

Answer 17.
1. Since there is no size specification, a string of any number of characters can be stored. There is no wastage or insufficiency of memory space. But it should be done with initialization, (e.g., char *str = “Program”;)
2. Assignment operator (=) can be used to copy strings.
3. Any character in the string can be referenced using the concept of pointer arithmetic which makes access faster.
4. Array of strings can be managed with optimal use of memory space.

Answer 18.
C++ implements encapsulation and data hiding through the declaration of a class. A class can contain private, protected and public members.

Private: By default, all items defined in a class are private. Members declared under private section are not visible outside the class.

Protected: Members declared as protected are visible to its derived class, but not outside the class.

Public: All variables or functions defined after the public access specifier are accessible anywhere in our program.

Answer 19.
In linked list, traversal begin from the first node. The pointer Start gives the address of the first node, so that we can access the data part using arrow (->) operator. Then we access the link part of the first part, which is the address of the second node. Using this address, we can access the data and link of the second node. This process is continued until we found NULL pointer in the link of a node.

Answer 20.

<HTML>
<HEAD> <TITLE> Fruits Details </ TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY> <TABLE Border = “1”>
<TR> <TH> Serial number </TH> 
<TH>Name </TH>
<TH>Cost</TH> </TR>
<TR> <TD>1</TD>
<TD>Mango</TD>
<TD>70</TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD>2</TD>
<TD > Apple < /TD >
<TD>100</TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD>3</TD>
<TD>Orange</TD>
<TD>40</TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD>4</TD>
<TD>Grapes</TD>
<TD>90</TD> </TR>
<TR> <TD>5</TD>
<TD>Plum</TD>
<TD>150</TD> </TR>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Answer 21.

1. alert() function: This function is used to display a message on the screen. This function is used to display a message to the user at the time of data validation, eg., alert (“Welcome to JavaScript”);
2. isNaN() function: This function is used to check whether a value is a number or not. In this function, NaN stands for Not a Number. The function returns true if the given value is not a number, eg., isNaN(“Abc”);
3. toUpperCasef) function: This function returns the upper case form of the given string. It is called along with the name of the string variable.
   eg., x.toUpperCaseO; returns the upper case form of the string in the variable x.
4. toLowerCaseO function: It returns the lower case form of the given string. If all the characters in the string are already in the, lower case, the toLowerCase () returns the same string.
   eg., var x, y;
   x = “Anuvritha”;
   y = x.toLowerCase ();
   alert(y);
5. charAt() function: It returns the character at a particular position. charAt(0) returns the first character in the string. charAt(1) returns the second character in the string and so on.
   eg., var x, y;
   x = “Orange”;
   y = x.charAt(2);
   alert(y);
   This will display character ‘a’.
6. length property: It returns the length of the string, length means, the number of characters in the string. The property is called along with the variable.
   eg., var x, y;
   x = “Orange”;
   y = x.length;
   alert(y);

Answer 22.
Software as ab Service (SaaS): It gives subscribers access to both resources and applications. Here a complete application is offered to the customer, as a service on demand. Consumers purchase the ability to access and use and an application or service that is hosted in the cloud.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): A PaaS system goes a level above the software as a Service setup. A PaaS provider gives subscribers access to the components that they require to develop and operate applications over the internet. The customer has the freedom to build his own applications, which run on the provider’s infrastructure.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In this, as the name states, deals primarily with computational infrastructure. IaaS provides basic storage and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network. The customer would typically set up his own software on the infrastructure.

Answer 23.

Answer 24.
1. Data Definition Language (DDL): These are used to create, modify and remove database objects.
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML): It provides commands for data manipulations. DML is a component of SQL that enhances efficient user interaction with the data system by providing a set of commands.
3. Data Control Language (DCL): It is used to control access to the database, which is very essential to a database system with respect to security concerns.

Answer 25.
It holds information about headers, script locations etc. Its elements are:

$_SERVER [‘PHP_SELF’] - returns the file name of the currently executing script.
$_SERVER [‘SERVER_NAME’] - re-turns the name of the host server.
$_SERVER [‘SCRIPT_NAME’] - Same as $_SERVER [‘PHP_SELF’]

Answer 26.
a. It is a cyber attack against sensitive computer networks like nuclear power plants, air traffic controls, gas line controls, telecom, etc. These types of attacks against governments are increasing globally. Cyber terrorism focuses on the use of the internet by anti-nationals to affect a nation’s economic and technological infrastructure. It may prove to be very costly to a country. Therefore governments provide very powerful security mechanisms for their servers.
b. This is a common cyber attack against a government. Defacement of websites includes hacking of government websites and posting derogatory comments about a government in those websites.
c. These types of attacks deny a particular online government service. This is done using a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. They gain access to website administration through content management system and destroy the data. This causes huge loss to the government.

Answer 27.
Software as ab Service (SaaS): It gives subscribers access to both resources and applications. Here a complete application is offered to the customer, as a service on demand. Consumers purchase the ability to access and use and an application or service that is hosted in the cloud.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): A PaaS system goes a level above the software as a Service setup. A PaaS provider gives subscribers access to the components that they require to develop and operate applications over the internet. The customer has the freedom to build , his own applications, which run on the provider’s infrastructure.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In this, as the name states, deals primarily with computational infrastructure. IaaS provides basic storage and computing capabilities as standardized services over the network. The customer would typically set up his own software on the infrastructure.

Answer 28.
These are applied only to individual columns. They are written immediately after the data type of the column. They are:

• NOT NULL: It specifies that a column can never have NULL values. NULL is a keyword that represents an empty value.
• Two NULL values cannot be added, subtracted and compared.
• AUTO_INCREMENT: It performs an auto-increment feature. By default, the starting value for this constraint is 1 and will be incremented by 1 for each new record. Only one AUTO_ INCRE-MENT column per table is allowed.
• UNIQUE: It ensures that no two rows have the same value in the column specified with the constraint.
• PRIMARY KEY: It declares a column as the primary key of the table. It is similar to UNIQUE except that it can be applied only to one column or combination of columns. The primary keys cannot contain NULL values.
• DEFAULT: A default value can be set for a column, in case the user does not provide a value for that column of a record.

Answer 29.
Domain names are used to identify a website in the Internet. After finalizing a suitable domain name for our website, we have to check whether this domain name is available for registration or its is already in use by somebody else. The websites like www.whois .net check the database of ICANN that contain the list of all the registered domain names. If the domain name entered is available, we can proceed with the registration. The registration requires filling information for WHOIS database of domain names for ICANN. WHOIS information requires the name, address, telephone number and e-mail address of the registrant. After paying the annual registration fees online, the domain is purchased and is registered in our name. Our domain name has to be connected to the IP address if the web server where the web pages are stored. This is done using ‘A record’ (Address record) of the domain. An ‘A record’ is used to store the IP address of a web server connected to a domain name. The ‘A record’ can be modified by logging into the control panel of the domain.

Answer 30.

<HTML>
<HEAD>
< TITLE > Details of Students </TITLE>
</HEAD>
<FORM name = myform METHOD = post action = “save.php”> 
<FIELDSET>
<LEGEND> Enter Details of student </LEGEND>
Name <INPUT TYPE = “text” Name = txtname> <BR>
Age<INPUT TYPE = “text” Name = txtage> <BR>
Class<INPUT TYPE = “text” Class= txtclass> <BR>
Sex<INPUT TYPE = “radio” Name = sex VALUE = Male> Male &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<INPUT Type = “radio” Name = sex VALUE = Female> Female <BR> 
Hobbies <INPUT Type = “checkbox” Name = chkGarden > Gardening &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
<INPUT Type = “checkbox” Name = chkRead> Reading <BR>
< INPUT Type =“Submit” Value= “Save”> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 
<INPUT Type=“Reset”Value= “Clear”> 
</FIELDSET>
</FORM>
</BODY>
</HTML>

Plus Two Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers