Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 The State and Political Science

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 The State and Political Science

Question 1.
What is state? What are the essential elements of a state?
Answer:

  • A group of people residing permanently within a particular territory with a sovereign government is called state.
  • The essential elements of state are people, territory, government and sovereignty.

Question 2.
Explain the internal and external levels of sovereignty.
Answer:

  • Sovereignty has two levels :
    The internal or domestic level and the external level.
  • Internal level :
    The right to take decisions on all matters which come within its territors. As per this, government can make laws needed for the country and implement them.
  • External level :
    The right to take independent decisions on international issues. A sovereign state is free from all external controls.

Question 3.
What are the obligatory functions and discretionary functions of a state?
Answer:
Functions which have to be implemented by the state at all times at any cost are obligatory functions. Discretionary functions are those which have to be implemented as per the economic condition of the state.
Obligatory functions of state

  • Protection of boundary
  • Maintenance of law and order
  • Maintain internal peace
  • Protection of rights
  • Implementation of justice
  • Defence

Discretionary functions of state

  • Protection of health
  • Provide educational facilities
  • Implement welfare programmes
  • Provide transportation facilities

Question 4.
What are the different theories related to the origin of state?
Answer:

  • Divine Right Theory:
    State is the creation of God. King is the representative of God. The king is answerable only to God.
  • Evolutionary Theory :
    State is the product of history. It came into being through social evolution.
  • Power Theory :
    State came into being as a result of the establishment of power by the strong over the weak.
  • Social Contract Theory :
    State came into existence through a contract by the people.

Question 5.
What is citizenship? What is the difference between a citizen and a foreigner?
Answer:
Citizenship is the full and equal membership in a state. The basis of citizenship is the relation between state and citizen.

Citizens enjoy political and civil rights :
They have the right for participation in the government and have political rights. The political rights of citizens include right to vote, right to contest in elections, right to form associations, right to criticise the government and the right to hold public office. Citizens also have to discharge certain duties.
Foreigners are those that live in another country for the purpose of education, job, etc. Foreigners are not entitled to the rights given to a citizen.

Question 6.
Explain natural citizenship and acquired citizenship.
Answer:

  • Natural citizenship:
    Citizenship by birth is natural citizenship. A person born in India to parents of Indian origin gets Indian citizenship. This is natural citizenship.
  • Acquired citizenship:
    The citizenship acquired by a person on the basis of the legal procedure of a nation is called acquired citizenship. Acquired citizenship can be obtained through registration, long stay, and ‘ reorganisation of an area.

Question 7.
What is Political Science?
Answer:
Political Science is the study of institutions like state and government. Aristotle is regarded as the father of Political Science. At first of Political Science took up the study of institutions like state and government and their functioning. With the emergence of democratic system, the concept of political participation gained importance. As a result of this, political processes became part of the study of Political Science along with political institutions.

Question 8.
Who is known as father of Political Science?
• Aristotle
• Plato
• Socrates
• Kautilya
Answer:
Aristotle

Question 9.
Evaluate how high population or low population affect the state adversely?
Answer:
State is made up of people. Without people, there is no state. However, the minimum and maximum number of people for a country are not fixed. Too high population and too less population are not beneficial to the state. These will affect the development of the state adversely. High population results in unemployment, poverty and famine. Countries with very less population have scarcity of human resource.

Question 10.
Prepare a seminar paper on the topic Essential factors of State.
Answer:
Seminar
Topic : Essential Factors of a State.
Introduction:
State is a group of people, residing permanently in a definite territory, with a sovereign government. Statehood is the highest stage in social evolution. State was formed after man began to settle down permanently.
The essential factors for state formation are:

  • Population
  • Territory
  • Government
  • Sovereignty

Population:
Population is an indispensable factor for state formation. People should live unitedly with mutual understanding, inter dependence and common public interest for the existence of the state. There is no state without people. However, the minimum and maximum number of people for a country are not fixed. Both too much population and too less population are not beneficial to the country. The people of a nation need not belong to any single religion, speak any particular language or follow a particular culture. But they should live unitedly with common nationalism.

Territory:
Territory is an important factor of state formation. A state should have a an exact territory with clearcut boundary. State is formed when people settle in the definite territory permanently. State should have complete control over its territory. The territory of a state includes the land area, water bodies, aerial space and coastal area coming within” its boundary. The size of the territory does not matter in state formation. But territory with a clearcut boundary is enough.

Government:
Government is an unavoidable constituent of state. The’government frames and executes laws and ensures justice to the people on behalf of the state. It ensures the safety and security of the citizens and provides many service to them. The government undertakes activities like maintenance of law and order, increasing employment opportunities and implementing development projects on behalf of the state. There should be governments in all states.

Sovereignty:
State has the right to take decisions on national and international matters independently without external control. This supreme authority of the state is known as sovereignty. Sovereignty differentiates state from other institutions. State cannot be constituted even if there is population, territory and government. State can come into existence only if there is sovereignty. It is the absolute, unlimited and indivisible power of the state.

Sovereignty has two dimensions – internal or domestic dimension and external dimension. Internal dimension means the right to take decisions on all matters within its territorial limit. External dimension means the right to take independent decisions on international issues. Sovereignty should not be divided at any cost. If so, a new state will be formed.

Conclusion:
The essential factors of the state are population, territory, government and sovereignty. No state can exist without these four components. Population and territory are the material basis of the state. The government is its political basis and sovereignty is its spiritual basis.

Question 11.
Which are the institutions constituted in India to perform obligatory functions?
Answer:

  • Courts
  • Police
  • Border Security Force
  • Armed Forces

Question 12.
Evaluate critically the obligatory and discretionary functions of by the state.
Answer:
Obligatory functions are those that the state has to implement at any cost at all times. State cannot abstain from its compulsory functions. If obligatoiy functions are not performed, the life and property of people cannot be protected. Some of the obligatory functions of the state are protecting the boundary, maintenance of internal peace, protection of rights and implementation of justice.

Discretionary functions of the state are those that have to be implemented depending on the economic condition of the country. Some of the discretionary functions of the state are to provide health care, education, transport facilities and to implement welfare schemes. The performance of these functions will provide better living conditions to people. The state which implements such progressive measures is called a welfare state. It is not possible to set a limit to the discretionary functions of the state. The growth of technology and the increase in human wants making this area vast.

Question 13.
Make a list of famous persons who have become Indians through acquired citizenship.
Answer:

  • Mother Teresa
  • Laurie Baker
  • Sonia Gandhi
  • Fr.Gussi Fredericks

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions