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You can download Consumer: Satisfaction and Protection Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 10 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 10 Consumer: Satisfaction and Protection Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 10 Notes

Question 1.
What do you mean by consumption?
Answer:
Consumption means the buying and use of goods and services by people in order to satisfy their needs.

Question 2.
Who is a consumer?
Answer:
Consumer is a buying or spending unit. In other words, consumer is one who buys and uses goods and services after paying the price.

Question 3.
While using goods and services, what all things does a consumer expect? Complete the list.
Answer:
1. Quality
2. ………..
3………….
4. ………..
Answer:
Quality
Reliability
Fair price
After-sale service

Question 4.
What do you mean by consumer satisfaction?
Answer:
The fulfillment of consumer’s needs through the consumption of goods and services is called consumer satisfaction.

Question 5.
There are a three-tier system of consumer courts in India. Which are they?
Answer:

• District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum
• State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
• National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

Question 6.
Identify the problems faced by the consumers day today.
Answer:

• Defective weights and measures
• Adulteration and poor quality of goods
• Extracting excess price
• Selling expired goods
• Lack of standardized goods
• Delay in providing services.

Question 7.
Describe the structure and powers of the consumer courts in India.
Answer:
The Consumer Protection Act of 1986, seeks to protect and promote the interests of consumers. The Act provides for the setting up of a three-tier machinery consisting of District Forums. State Commissions and the National Commission. It also provides for the formation of consumer protection councils in every district and state and at the apex level.

District Forum:
Structure: The District Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum functions at the district level. It consists of a President and two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the state government.

Power:
A complaint can be made to the District Forum when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, does not exceed 20 lakhs. On receiving the complaint, the District Forum shall refer the complaint to the party against whom the complaint is filled. If required, the goods shall be sent for testing in a laboratory. The District Forum shall pass an order after considering the test report. If the aggrieved party is not satisfied with the verdict of the District Forum. He can appeal before the State Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

State Commission:
Structure: The State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at the state level. It consists of a President and not less than two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the state government

Power: A complaint can be made to the State Commission when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds Rs. 20 lakhs, but does not exceed Rs.1 crore. The Commission shall pass an order after considering the test report from the laboratory. In case the grieved party is not satisfied, he can appear before the National Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

National Forum:
Structure: The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at the national, level. It consists of a President and atleast 4 other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the Central Government.

Power:
A complaint can be made to the National Commission when the value of the goods and services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds Rs. 1 crore. The Commission passes the order after following the necessary procedures.

Question 8.
Point out important features of consumer courts.
Answer:

• Consumer courts assure justice quickly.
• The procedures are very simple.
• The cost of case or trial is less.

Question 9.
Identify the methods to be adopted for consumer education.
Answer:

• Observation of consumer day.
• Organize awareness programs
• Include consumer rights a part of curriculum.
• Conduct seminars and workshops on consumer
• Rights and problems
• Provide legal assistance.

Question 10.
What are the rights guaranteed by the Consumer Protection Act of 1986?
Answer:

• The right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services which are hazardous to life and property.
• The right to be informed about the quality, quan¬tity, standard and prices of goods and services.
• The right to have access to a variety of goods and services at a reasonable price.
• The right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices or in case the product or service falls short of the expectations of the consumer.
• The right to consumer education.

Question 11.
Name the departments and institutions functioning at the administrative level for the protection of consumer rights.
Answer:

• Legal Metrology Department.
• Food Safety Department
• Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation
• Drugs Control Department
• Food Safety and Standard Authority of India.

Question 12.
Apart from the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, there are several laws passed in India for consumer protection. Examine.
Answer:
1) The Sale of Goods Act 1930: The Act ensures that the provisions for the purchase of goods are observed. The Act provides safeguards to the buyers of the goods in case the goods do not comply with express or implied conditions or warranties, guarantee, warranty, and aftersale service come under the purview of this Act.
2) The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marketing) Act 1937: The Act prescribes grade standards for agricultural commodities and livestock products (wheat, gram, flour, ghee). The Act stipulates the conditions and standards for grading, marking and packing these products. The quality mark provided under the Act is known asAGMARK, an acronym for Agricultural Marketing.
3) The Essential Commodities Act 1955: The Act aims at controlling production, supply and distribution of essential commodities and ensure that these commodities and essential services are available in the market at reasonable price. The Act gives protection to consumers from profiteering, hoarding, and black marketing
4) The Standard of Weights and Measures Act 1976: The Act provides protection to consumers against the malpractice of underweight or under measure of the products. The Act prevents the use of non-standard weights and measures

Question 13.
Do you think that consumer education is inevitable today? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes, consumer education is inevitable today. This is because

• consumption has become a complex process
• there are widespread exploitation
• there are widespread ignorance of consumers
• they lack consumer organizations

Question 14.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 15.
National Consumer Day is ……………
Answer:
December 24

Question 16.
Complete the following table showing products and institutions relating to the standardized marks.

Answer:

Question 17.
Hallmark symbol shows the purity of ………….
Answer:
Gold ornaments

Question 18.
Give full form of FPO.
Answer:
Fruits products order

Question 19.
Prepare a note on Consumer Protection Act of 1986.
Answer:
The Act seeks to promote and protect the interests of consumers. It provides safeguards to consumers against defective goods, deficient services, unfair trade practices and other forms of their exploitation. The Act provides for the setting up of consumer courts at the district levels, state levels and national levels. It also provides for the formation of consumer protection councils in every district and state and at the apex level.

Question 20.
Identify the first act for consumer protection.
1. The sale of Goods Act
2. The Consumer Protection Act
3. The Essential Commodities Act
Answer:
The sale of Goods Act

Question 21.
Who gives ISI mark? On which products is this mark seen?
Answer:

• Bureau of Investigation Standards (BIS) issues the ISI mark to assure the required quality of products. BIS is the national standards body of India.
• ISI mark can be seen on electrical equipments, cement, paper, paint, gas cylinder, etc.

Question 22.
What is the service of ISO?
Answer:

• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an International Standard-Setting body. It certifies and assures the quality and standard of goods and services of more than 160 countries including India.
• ISO gives certification or approval to service institutions like hospitals, banks, and telecommunication and also to may products. ,

Question 23.
Match the following

Answer:

Let Us Assess

Question 24.
economic activities. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
Answer:
The statement is correct. The ultimate aim of all economic activities taking place around us is consumer’s satisfaction. Production, distribution, and consumption are mutually related economic activities. When the consumer does not get satisfaction from the use of some goods and services, they may be rejected in the market. It will affect their production and distribution adversely. It retards the growth of the economy.

Question 25.
What are the situations when consumers fall as victims of exploitation?
Answer:

1. Selling at higher prices: The prices charged for the product will not be proportional to quality.
2. Selling sub-standard products: Selling items whose quality is far below the required standard.
3. Adulteration: Selling defective goods which are highly injurious to health.
4. Product risk: Products that are banned or be-yond expiry date are sold.
5. Underweight and under measurement: Shop-keepers weigh less than what they should.
6. Delay in providing after-sale services.
7. Unsatisfactory after-sale services.

Question 26.
What are the rights of the consumers included in the Consumer Protection Act of 1986?
Answer:

1. The right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services which are hazardous to life and property.
2. The right to be informed about the quality, quantity, standard and price of goods and services.
3. The right to get quality goods and services at fair price.
4. The right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices.
5. The right to consumer education
6. The right to choose.
7. The right against consumer exploitation.

Question 27.
Consumer courts are the guardians of the protec¬tion of consumer’s rights. Substantiate.
Answer:
Consumer courts are systems which have the responsibility to provide legal assistance to consumers when they get unsatisfactory experiences from producers and distributors. They deal with causes of consumer disputes and grievances and play a decisive role in getting justice to the consumers, including compensation. Consumer courts protect the rights of the consumer and instill confidence in them and thus to bring about qualitative change in life. They ensure justice quickly through simple and less expensive procedures. So they are called the guardians of the rights of consumers.

Question 28.
Point out the means useful for consumer education.
Answer:

• Observation of days
• Awareness programmes
• Inclusion in curriculum

Question 29.
Consumer education is essential today. Why?
Answer:

• Consumer education helps to
• develop the ability to decide and choose intelligently
• demand safe, reliable and quality products
• be alert, informed and vigilant against malpractices in market.
• take suitable action when exploited.

Question 30.
Distinguish between consumption and consumer?
Answer:

• Consumption means the buying and use of goods and services by people in order to fulfill their needs.
• Consumer is the one who buys and uses goods and services after paying the price. In other words, consumers are people who buy goods and services to satisfy their needs.

Question 31.
How will you intervene in the consumer disputes in your locality?
Answer:

• Empower consumer by forming consumer orga¬nization.
• Organize classes by experts on consumer awareness
• Take initiative to submit cases of public interest in consumer court.
• Organize demonstrations peacefully.
• Distribute pamphlets on the topic.

Question 32.
How does the influence of advertisements affect the consumer harmfully? Explain with example.
Answer:
Almost all the advertisements in the modern media attract the attention of the consumers. Consumers become aware of the use of certain goods and services through advertisements. Consumers fall as victims of misleading advertisements. Often the goods advertised may not have the required quality or life. The consumers are cheated through advertisements by not giving the after-sale service, not giving the products shown in the advertisements and not giving the goods and services after accepting money. Housewives who are attracted by the beauty of dress materials in advertisement, buy low-quality clothes through online shopping is an example for this bad influence of advertisements. Misreading advertise¬ments to accelerate.sale are a curse to consumers.

Question 33.
Compare the working of Department of Legal Metrology and District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum.
Answer:

Question 34.
A seminar is conducted in the school on World Consumer’s Rights Day. What points will be included as part of the presentation of the topic?
Answer:

• Importance of Consumer’s Day
• Rights of consumers
• Situations when the consumers are cheated
• Consumers Protection Act
• Consumer Courts
• Institutions and departments to protect the interest of consumers
• Social intervention
• Importance of consumer education

Question 35.
Consumer and consumption are interrelated. Substantiate citing examples.
Answer:
Consumption is the satisfaction of humon wants using goods and services a consumer is a person who purchases and uses goods and services by paying or agreeing to pay a price.

Question 36.
Give examples for the situations in which consumers are cheated or exploited.
Answer:

• Selling low-quality products
• Adulteration
• Charging excess price
• Manipulation in weights and measures
• Delay in making services available

Question 37.
What is the major feature of consumer protection act 1986? What are the important rights included in the Act?
Answer:

• Consumer Protection Act of 1986 is to protect the right of a consumer. The important rights are:
• The right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services.
• The right to be informed about the quality-related aspects of goods and services.
• The right to have access to goods and services at fair prices.
• The right to be heard and to seek redressed at appropriate forums.
• The right to consumer education.

Question 38.
Write the structure and jurisdiction of consumer courts – district – state – national
Answer:

Question 39.
In your opinion what are the uses of consumer education? Explain with examples.
Answer:
Consumer education is necessary for the acquisition of right habits. It is possible through awareness programmes. Inclusions in the curriculum. Observance of the National Consumer Day.

Question 40.
Do advertisements create positive or negative effect on consumers’? Substantiate your opinion.
Answer:
Advertisement helps to inform the consumer about a products and helps him to compare it with other brends. If the same time mismeading advertisements may lead to a situation where a consumer is cheated.

Question 41.
Suggest some programmes which can be conducted on world consumer day.
Answer:
Seminars, awareness programmes

Question 42.
How can become a good consumer without being exposed?
Answer:

• Ask for the bill every purchase made.
• Make sure that the weights and measures are accurate.
• Make sure, while purchasing packed items that the name of the product date of packing, expiry date, weight, price and producers address are stated.
• Note the symbols representing the standard of the products.
• Understand how to use and operate the products purchased.

Question 43.
Write a short note on ‘Satisfaction of consumer1.
Answer:
In order to satisfy the wants a consumer consumers the goods and services by paying agreeing to pay. A consumer has certain rights. His rights are protected through the Consumer Protection Act 1986. He has this right to protected from being cheated while consuming goods and services. There is district, state and national level redressal forums to solve the grievances.

Question 44.
Choose the correct statements.
a. All economic activities are meant to satisfy the producers.
b. All economic activities are meant to satisfy the customers.
c. In order to satisfy our wants, we depend primarily on sale outlets and service centers.
(i) ‘a’ and ‘b’ are correct.
(ii) ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct.
(iii) ‘a’ and ‘c’ are correct.
(iv) ‘a\ ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct.
Answer:
(ii) ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct

Question 45.
When was the Consumer Protection Act introduced?
Answer:
In 1986

Question 46.
What are the features of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986?
Answer:
The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 clearly defines the consumer’s rights and set up special judiciary mechanisms for consumer protection in India.

Question 47.
What are the objective of the consumer courts?
Answer:
Consumer courts play an important role in ensuring justice to the consumers.

Question 48.
If the consumer has a dispute where compensation claimed is above Rs. 20 lakhs?
Answer:
State Consumer disputes redressal commission

Question 49.
Apart from the consumer courts, what are the three-level advisory councils that have been set up?
Answer:
District Consumer Protection Council State Consumer Protection Council National Consumer Protection Council

Question 50.
Write the name of the Act that protects the consum¬ers from supernormal profit, hoarding, and black marketing, etc.
Answer:
Essential Commodities Act 1955

You can Download The Signature of Time Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 2 The Signature of Time Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 2 Notes

The Signature Of Time Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
You have recognized from the map that the earthquake zones, volcanoes and mountain ranges overlap. Why is this so?
Answer:

• The crust, which is the outermost layer of the earth is solid.
• The crust, together with the upper part of the mantle, is the lithosphere.
• The lithosphere exists as several fragments just like the broken shell of an egg.
• Compared to the thickness of the portion from the crust to the inner core, the lithosphere is very thin.
• The portions of the lithosphere which are several thousand kilometers wide and roughly, 100 kilometers thick are called lithospheric plates.
• Whether big or small, each plate contains oceanic as well as continental areas.

The Signature Of Time Class 9 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Observe the following figures.

Zones of severe earthquakes:

Volcanic Zones:

Can you mark the information in each of the above maps in a single map? Don’t forget to use different colors or symbols for each type of feature.
Answer:

Hss Live Guru 9th Geography Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Look at the following diagrams and find out different movements of the lithospheric plates.

Answer:
a) Divergent margin: Plates move apart from each other.
b) Convergent margin: Plates move towards each other.
c) Transform margin (sheer margins): Plates slide past each other

Hss Live Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What is the average thickness of the lithosphere?
Answer:
The average thickness of the lithosphere is 100 kilometers.

Hsslive Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
The following are the pictures of some landforms formed due to plate movements.

Identify their respective plate margins.
Answer:
a) Convergent margins. Fold mountains are formed along the convergent margins, eg. Himalaya.
b) Divergent margins: Magma comes out through the gap formed due to the divergence of plates and solidifies to form mountains.
Eg. Mid Atlantic Ridge.

Hsslive Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Identify the Plate margins where the World’s major fold mountains are formed?
Answer:
Fold mountains are formed along the convergent margins. The Himalayas, the Alps, the Andes, the Atlas, etc are all folded mountains. The Himalaya fold mountain is formed between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian plate.

Hsslive Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Identify and mark the focus and epicenters in the given diagram

Answer:
A – shows the epicenter B – shows the focus

Social Science Class 9 Notes State Syllabus Question 8.
Collect the details of earthquakes that have occurred since 2005.
Answer:

Let Us Assess

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 9.
Identify the different plate margins. Which are the associated landforms:
ANswer:

• There are three types of plate margins. They are Divergent margin, Convergent margin and Trans-form margin.
• Divergent margin: Plates move apart from each other. Oceanic ridges are formed.
• Convergent margin: Plates move towards each other. Fold mountains and ocean trenches are formed.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 10.
Answer the following questions based on earthquakes.
a) How are earthquakes formed?
b) Which are the different types of seismic waves?
c) Which seismic wave causes maximum destruction on the earth’s surface?
d) On what scale are earthquakes measured?
Answer:
a) The processes that take place in the interior of the earth cause in the storage of energy in some portions in the Earth. Earthquakes occur on those instances. When this energy is bring released.
b) i. Primary waves
ii. Secondary waves
iii. Surface waves
c) The surface waves are the most destructive.
d) In Richter scale

9th Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
What does the term’ the Pacific Ring of Fire’ mean?
Answer:
Nearly 80 percent of the world’s volcanoes are situated around the Pacific Ocean. This zone containing more than 452 volcanoes is therefore known as ‘the Pacific Ring of Fire’.

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Explain the various instances where volcanoes are useful to man.
Answer:

• Though the volcanic eruptions are threats to human life. The regions where it occurs are useful to man.
• These areas are rich in minerals. The Black soil that formed as a result of volcanic eruption is very suitable for cotton cultivation.
• The hot springs that are found on volcanic mountains are supposed to have healing properties.
• Volcanic ash is a good manure.
• Geysers are formed in many volcanic regions.
• These places have been developed as tourist spots. They are known as spas.

The Signature of Time Model Questions and Answers

Hsslive Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Analyze the maps given in textbook and make a list of the conclusions that you have reached.
Answer:

• Earthquakes are comparatively frequent in certain parts of the earth.
• Volcanoes are more common in certain specific places.
• There are some peculiarities in the distribution of mountains.
• Earthquake zones and distribution of mountains on the earth’s surface more or less coincide.

Hsslive Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Define Lithosphere. What is its important feature?
Answer:
The crust, together with the upper part of the mantle is known as the Lithosphere. The portions of the Lithosphere which are several thousand kilometers wide and roughly 100 kilometers thick enable to exist the life on the earth. Lithosphere exists like a broken eggshell. It consists of 7 major plates and about a dozen of minor plates.

Hss Live Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Define Lithospheric plates?
Answer:
The portions of the Lithosphere, which are several thousand Kilometres wide and roughly 100 Kilometres thick are called Lithospheric plates.

Hss Live Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
Identify and list the different lithospheric plates from the following map.

Answer:

1. Pacific plate
2. Australian plate
3. North American plate
4. South American plate
5. Eurasian plate
6. African plate
7. Antarctic plate

9th Standard Social Science Map Kerala Syllabus Question 17.
Complete the following

Answer:

1. Major plates
2. Minor plates

Question 18.
Write the names of the landforms that are created along the plate margins by the movements of plates?
Answer:

• Fold Mountains
• Seafloor
• Ocean Trenches
• Oceanic Mountain Ranges

Question 19.
Classify the following into major and minor plates.
1. Pacific
2. Cocos
3. Arabian
4. Eurasian
5. Scotia
6. African
Answer:
Major plates:
1. Pacific
4. Eurasian
6. African
Minor plates:
2. Cocos
3. Arabian
5. Scotia

Question 20.
The plates move at a speed of cms a year.
Answer:
2 to 12 cms

Question 21.
Analyze the figure given below summarise your findings

Answer:

• The lithospheric plates are situated above the asthenosphere which is in a semi-plastic state.
• Magma, which is a part of the mantle, remains molten due to the high temperature at the earth’s interior and undergoes continuous convection.
• The plates move due to convection. As a result of this, new ocean floors and subduction zones are formed.

Question 22.
What do you mean by subduction zones?
Answer:
Due to difference in density between the plates along a convergent margin, the denser plate will submerge under the lighter one. These zones are called subduction zones.

Question 23.
Who put forward the idea of continental drift.
Answer:
Alfred Wegener

Question 24.
Prepare a flow chart based on plate margins.
Answer:

Question 25.
Complete the following flow chart.

Answer:

Question 26.
Which are the Earth Movements that cause a lot of destruction to the mankind?
Answer:

• Volcanic eruptions
• Earthquakes

Question 27
Give examples of fold mountains.
Answer:

• The Himalayas
• The Alps
• TheAndes
• TheAtlas

Question 28.
How does the Earthquake occur?
Answer:
Rocks in the deeper interior of the earth undergo displacement and faults due to the plate movements and other causes. Under such situations, severe pressure is exerted on the earth’s lithosphere and seismic waves are generated. These waves create tremors on the earth’s surface: These are experienced by as Earthquakes.

Question 29.
Write down the various reasons for the Earthquake.
Answer:

• Plates movements and faulting
• Collapse of roofs of mines
• Pressure in reservoirs
• Volcanic eruptions.

Question 30.
What is developed in subduction zones?
Answer:
Ocean trenches are developed in subduction zones.
Eg. The Challenger Deep in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 31.
Prepare a note on the Continental Drift Hypothesis.
Answer:
Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, put forward the idea of continental drift in 1912. He argued that millions of years ago, all the present-day continents were a single unit forming supercontinent named Pangea which was encircled by an ocean called Panthalassa. Wegener believed that over millions of years, the continental portions drifted over the ocean floor forming the present continents.

Some recent studies indicate that mostly all the continents on earth come together once in every 500 million years. It is believed that the most recent for¬mation of Pangea was about 200 million years back, which means that we will have to wait for another 300 years for the next Pangea

Question 32.
What is seafloor spreading?
Answer:
New ocean floor is continuously being created as a result of magma that comes out through the divergent margins and solidification along the edges of the plates. This results in the phenomenon called seafloor spreading.

Question 33.
Prepare a table showing earth’s major fold mountains? Where have they formed?
Answer:
Fold mountains → Plates
Himalayas → Between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian plate.
The Andes → Between South American and the Nasca plates.
The Alps → Between Eurasia and African plates.
The Atlas → Between Eurasia and African plates.

Question 34.
Give an example of fault zone.
Answer:
The San Andreas Fault Zone in North America.

Question 35.
The plate margins are generally vulnerable. Why?
Answer:
The plate margins are generally vulnerable to earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults. This is because the plate margins are weaker than other areas.

Question 36.
Prepare a table showing the features of earthquakes having different intensities.
Answer:
The features of earthquakes having different intensities

Question 37.
Give two examples of sudden movements of the earth.
Answer:

• Earthquakes
• Volcanic eruption

Question 38.
How are volcanoes formed?
Answer:
The plate margins are active with volcanoes. The hot molten rock that comes out through the fissures on the crust. Volcanoes are formed by such molten rock material coming out through the fissures along the plate margins.

Question 39.
How are earthquakes formed?
Answer:
Rocks in the deeper interior of the earth undergo displacement and faults due to plate movements and other causes. Under such situations, severe pressure is exerted on the earth’s lithosphere and seismic waves are generated just like waves in a pond spreading, in all directions when a heavy object falls into it. These waves create tremors on the earth’s surface. These tremors are experienced by us as an earthquake.

Question 40.
Name the most destructive type of seismic wave.
Answer:
The surface waves

Question 41.
Point out the relief features on the surface of the earth due to the movement of plates.
Answer:

• Volcanoes
• Plateaus
• Fold mountains

Question 42.
Give reasons for the occurrence of earthquakes.
Answer:

• Plate movements
• Faulting
• Collapse of roofs of mines
• Pressure in reservoirs
• Volcanic eruptions.

Question 43.
Distinguish between focus and epicenter.
Answer:
The deep points inside the earth where the earth-quake occurs are known as focus and the point vertically above it on the earth’s surface is known as epicenter.

Question 44.
The seismic waves are recorded by
Answer:
Seismograph

Question 45.
Which was the most severe earthquake occurred? What was its intensity?
Answer:

• The earthquake that occurred in Chile.
• It recorded an intensity of 9.5 in the Richter Scale.

Question 46.
Find out and prepare a note on different types of Vol-canoes?
Answer:

• Active Volcanoes: The frequently erupted Volcanoes. Eg. Mount Fujiyama in Japan
• Extinct Volcanoes: Active at a time. But will not erupt again. Eg. Kilimanjaro in Africa
• Dormant Volcanoes: Volcanoes that have erupted earlier and not active in the recent past. But can become active. Eg. Vesuvius in Italy

Question 46.
What are the three types of waves produced from Focus during the Earthquake? Which is the most destructive among them?
Answer:

• Primary waves
• Secondary waves
• Surface waves
• The surface waves are the most destructive.

Question 47.
What is Seismograph?
Answer:
It is an instrument used to record the seismic waves.

Question 48.
The word ‘Tsunami’ means.
Answer:
Harbourwaves

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2  Chapter 4 Landscape Analysis through Maps Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 4 Notes

Landscape Analysis Through Maps Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
The following map is part of a topo sheet (Fig 4.1). Find out how it differs from the maps you are familiar with.
Answer:

• It gives details about comparatively small areas.
• They are large scale maps.
• It includes both natural as well as man-made features on the earth’s surface.

Landscape Analysis Through Maps Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Look at the number 45 D/10 noted above the given topo sheet What does this indicate? Do all the topo sheets contain such numbers?
Answer:
The given topo sheet is 45^th sheet of a topographical map. All the topo sheets contain such number.

Sslc Geography Chapter 4 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Can you explain how the topo sheet in the fig.4.1 got the number 45 D/10.
Answer:
This represents that India and its adjoining places are divided into 105 sheets. Each sheet again covering 4 latitudinal and 4 longitudinal extent. 45 is such type of a sheet. This sheet again divided into 16 equal parts. It covers 1 latitudinal and 1 longitudinal extent. D is one of such type of sheet. This sheet is divided into 16 parts according to 15 minute longitudinal and latitudinal extent. That is 10.

Landscape Analysis Through Maps Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Answer the following questions based on the figure 4.2.
a. The parts of states that are included in topo sheet number 45.
b. The Index number of topo sheets which cover the state Odisha.
c. The states that are included in topo sheet No 73.
d. The Index number of topo sheets which cover the state of Karnataka,
e. The index number of topo sheets which cover Kerala.
Answer:
a. Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana.
b. Sheet number 64,65,73,74.
c. Odisha,West Bengal,Chattisgarh and Jhark hand
d. 47,48,56,57
e. 48,49,58.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Question 5.
Find out the conventional colours used to represent information and complete the table 4.2
Answer:


A → Black color
B → Blue color
C → Green color
D → Yellow color
E → White color
F → Red color
G → Brown color

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 6.
Look at the given topo sheet (Fig 4.1). Find out the symbols and colors you have familiarized.
Answer:
Cultivable land is represented by yellow color, forest, grassland etc. is represented by green color, rivers are represented by blue color, eastings, northings of their numbers are represented by red color, latitudes and longitudes are represented by black & barrier land is represented by white.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Question 7.
Haven’t you noticed the red lines drawn lengthwise and breadth wise in the given topo sheet (Fig 4.1)? What are they? What are their uses?
Answer:
Eastings:

• These are north – south lines
• Their value increases towards the east.
• The value of the eastings immediately left to the geographic features is considered for identifying a location.

Northings:

• These are lines drawn in the east-west direction.
• Their value increases towards the north.
• The value of the northings immediately to the south of the feature in the map is considered for identifying a location.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Social Science Question 8.
Find out the eastings and northings in the given toposheet (Fig 4.1)
Answer:

• Eastings: 02 to 09
• Northings: 01 to 09

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Locate the geographic features – fort, grave¬yard and settlements shown in the model grid using the 4-figure grid reference method.
Answer:

• Fort- 8134
• graveyard – 8535
• settlement – 8534

10th Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Locate the smaller geographic features such as temple, church, well, light house and bridge shown in the model grid(Fig 4.9) using the 6-figure grid reference method.
Answer:

• Temple – 847346
• Church-847363.
• Well-838352
• Light house – 854374

Now you have understood how the location of features is determined in topographic maps. Let’s see how the shape of the terrain is assessed.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
Look at the smooth curved brown lines shown in the topographic map (Fig. 4.1), By what name are these lines known? What is their use?
Answer:
These lines are known as contour lines. They are used to indicate the land forms such as mountains and hills.

Social Notes For Class 10 State Syllabus Question 12.
Find the contour interval in the topo sheet provided (Fig.4.1).
Answer:
Contour interval is 20 meters.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Find out the contour lines of the elevated regions in Fig 4.1 Mark their contour values on a piece of paper and identify the shape of the land form.
Answer:
Method 1:
Place a paper strip across the contour pattern of which the topography is to be assessed. Mark and label the values of contour lines cutting across the paper strip.Transfer these contour values on to the X-axis of graph pa-per and choose a convenient scale and mark the contour values on y-axis as shown in Figure 2.

Method 2:
Assessing the topography by tracing the con-tour lines: Draw a line AB through the center of contours as shown in figure 1. Draw the X and Y axes below the line AB. Draw vertical lines from the point where the contours cut across AB. Mark the points at which the vertical lines intersect. Thus we get the shape of the land form represented by contours as shown in figure.

Question 14.
Plot the topography represented by the fol-lowing contour patterns (Fig. 4.20 and Fig 4.21)

Answer:

Question 15.
Determine the shape of the terrain represented by the given contour and complete the table by checking the inter visibility between the place M.N.O.P.


Answer:

Question 16.
The indicators regarding the marginal information of topo sheets labelled with such information are given (figure 4.25). Read the sheet based on the indicators and write down the marginal information. Marginal Information indicators

Toposheet number — (a)
Name of the place represented — (b)
Latitudinal location — (c)_1, (c)₂
Longitudinal location — (d)_1, (d)₂
Easting — (e)_1, (e)₂
Northing — (f)_1, (f)₂
Scale of the map — (g)
Contour interval — (h)
Year of survey — (i)
Year of publication — (j)
Agency in charge of survey — (k)
Answer:

• Troposheet number — 56 D/11
• Name of the place represented — Karnataka (Gulbargan, Raichur)
• Latitudinal position 16° 15 ’, North to 16° 20’North
• longitudinal position — 76° 30’ East to 76° 35 East
• Eastings — 94 to 01,
• Northings 84 to 92
• Scale of the map 1:50,000,
• Contour interval 20 meters
• Year of survey — 1959 — 60
• Year of publication — 2005
• Agency in charge of survey — Dr.Parthish Nag

Question 17.
List the marginal information of the given Topography map [45 D/10] in Fig 4.1 as was done with toposheet [56 D/11].
Answer:

• Toposheet Number — [45 D/10]
• Name of the place represented — Gujarat, Rajasthan(Banaskantha, Sihori districts)
• Latitudinal location — 24°30’ to 24° 35 ’
• Longitudinal Location — 72° 30’ to 72°35’
• Eastings — 02 to 09
• Northings — 01 to 09
• Scale of map 1:50,000

Question 18.
Find answers to the following questions by reading the Topo sheets (4.25) figure
1. Which is the major river flowing through this area?
2. In which direction does it flow?
3. On which bank of the river are the forests seen?
4. What is the name of the reserve forests in this area?
5. How many springs are seen in this region? locate them based on direction
6. Locate the open scrubs is this area
Find out the location of the following using 6 figure grid reference method
a. 476 A
b. 447
c. The spring north of Parampur village.
Answer:

1. Major river flowing through this region is Krishna river.
2. South west to North east direction (to locate or to find out direction of a river sea symbols or signs given or by contour
3. inter val differences)
4. Right bank of the river.
5. Name of the reserve forest is Ling suguar reserve forest.
6. Two springs one is situated is North east and another is in South east.

Open scrubs are found along the right bank of the river, North east side, south westside and in the middle part.
a. 944839 → 476 A
b. 016903 → 447
c. 013852 spring North of parampur village

Question 19.
Find answers to the following questions by reading the given toposheets (4.25).
1. Identify the districts in Karnataka to which the area belongs?
2. Based on which natural features is district boundary determined?
3. Where is the metaled road seen?
4. In which direction is the Gadala mari village situated?
5. Which are the villages where post offices can be found?
6. Find the location using the 4-figure grid reference method ?
7. Aldobhavi village?
8. Ganavathala village?
9. Fort to the North-eastern corner ?
10. Using the 6-figure grid reference method, find the locations of?
11. Temple near Gadalamari village?
12. Temple within the Lingusugar reserve forest?
13. Post office in Ganavathala village?
Answer:

1. Gulbarga,Raichur districts
2. Based on Krishna river
3. Raichur
4. South-east side
5. North-west side
6. Gadalamari,Ganavatala
7. Aldobhai → 0090
8. Ganavathala → 9386
9. Fort to the North eastern comer 0192.
10. Temple near Gadalamari village → 942917
11. Temple with in the lingusugaryeserved forest → 004864
12. Post office in Ganavathala Village → 937863

Question 20.
Interpret the toposheet No. 45 D/10 given in Fig.4.1 and prepare a report based on the physical and cultural features in it.
Answer:
It is the map of Banaskantha, Sirohi districts of Gujarat and Rajasthan. It is surveyed in 1959 – 60, by Dr. Prithish Nag (Surveyor Gen-eral of India) Published in 2005. A lot of springs and rivers found in that region. Most of the settlements are dispersed and centra-lised settlements found in the northeast side.
Scale of the map = 1 : 50000.
Contour Interval: 20 metre.
Longitude: 72° 30 – 72° 35
Latitudes: 24° 35 -24° 30
It is between the eastings 1 to 10 and northing 0 to 10.

Landscape Analysis through Maps Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Find out the location of settlements and grave yard in the given grid using the 4 figure grid reference method.

Answer:

• 4 figure grid reference of the settlement is — 2377
• 4 figure grid reference of the grave yard is — 2277.

Question 2.
Find out the location of spring, mosque, railway station, police station and well in the given grid. Using six-figure grid reference method.

Answer:

• 6 figure grid reference of Spring — 358548
• 6 figure grid reference of Mosque — 343546
• 6 figure grid reference of Railway Station — 355543
• 6 figure grid reference of Police Station — 346543
• 6 figure grid reference of well — 352549

Question 3.
Match the contour in column A with the shape of land forms in column B.

Answer:

Landscape Analysis through Maps Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List out the important uses of topo sheets To interpret the both physical and cultural features.
Answer:

• For military operations and the preparation of military maps.
• To identify and study the natural as well as cultural resources of a region as part of economic planning.
• For Urban Planning
• To know heights of the land forms.

Question 2.
Observe the picture 4.2 in the chapter and find out the toposheet with the number 58. List out the states which are represented by this toposheet.
Answer:
Kerala, TamilNadu

Question 3.
Suppose a million sheet with the number 65 is given below. Divide this million sheet properly number them respectively.

Answer:

Question 4.
Draw the respective signs and symbols used to represent the following features.

Answer:


Question 5..
Find out the features which are represented by the following signs and symbols

Answer:
1. Fort
2. Well
3. International Boundary

Question 6.
List out the methods which are used to represent heights on a toposheets.
Contour lines
Answer:
Form line, Spotlight

Question 7.
Observe the model grids which are depicted in the picture 4.9 and find out the four figure grid reference and six figure grid reference of the following features as indicated below.

Answer:

Question 8.
Analyse the picture given below and find out whether the places marked are inter visible or not

Answer:

Question 9.
Interpret to toposheet (pic 4.1) given in the chapter and complete the following table.

Answer:

Landscape Analysis through Maps Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
The toposheets belongs to “India adjacent countries map series’ are called million sheet write the reason.
Answer:
The scale of each map sheet is 1 : 1000000 in India and adjacent countries. So they are called Million sheets.

Question 2.
What does 45 D/10 on a toposheet indicate? Ans.Index number of the million sheet is 45. The million sheet numbered 45 is divided into 16 sheets from 1 .to 16. Each sheet has 15’ latitudinal and longitudinal extent. Thus the topographical map got the number 45 D/10

Question 3.
Some parts of a toposheets are seen in green color. What does the green color represent
Answer:
Forest

Question 4.
Draw the appropriate conventional signs and symbols of the following features.
1. Metalled Road
2. Unmetalled Road
3. Footpath
4. Cart track
Answer:

Question 5.
What does blue color on a toposheet represents?
Answer:
Oceans, Rivers, Wells, Tube wells (Perennial water bodies)

Question 6.
How is the height represented on a toposheet if the actual height of an area is not available through survey as the area is inaccessible ?
Answer:
When it is difficult to measure the elevation of places through land surveys due to rugged terrain, the elevation is represented with help of broken lines.These lines are Form lines.

Question 7.
Distinguish between Triangulated height and Bench Mark in a toposheet?
Answer:
Triangulated height — Heights of place estimated through trigonometric surveys are recorded in in maps using symbol.

Bench mark — The height of reservoirs and prominent buildings are recorded along with the letters BM.

Question 8.
What are grids? How are they important in a toposheet?
Answer:
Places are located on maps with the help of latitudes and longitudes. But it is difficult to show the precise location of minor geographical features in toposheets.To solve this difficulty north – south and east west lines in red are incorporated in the toposheets. The north-south lines are called eastings and the east-west lines are called northings. The grid formed by the eastings and the northings are called reference grid.Each grid with 2 cm width and 2 cm breadth covers an area with 1 kilometre length and 1 kilometer breadth on the earth’s surface (in 1: 50000 toposheets)

Question 9.
From the contour lines given below find out the value of the contour line which represents

Answer:
400 M

Question 10.
What is intervisibility. How do we make intersibility of places in use?
Answer:
If any two places are mutually visible, then we can establish that these places are inter visible. Intervisibility assessment is being applied for erecting electric posts, mobile towers, wireless communication towers etc.

Question 11.
The given below are some features on a toposheets. Catergories them an cultural features and physical features.
Road, Forest, Railway line, Rivers, Building Canal, Open Serub, Pond
Answer:

Landscape Analysis through Maps SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Toposheeets are maps prepared by incorpo-rating detailed information of comparatively smaller areas. What are its uses?
Answer:

• Economic planning
• Urban planning
• Military operations
• Analysis of surface features of the earth

Question 2.
In the toposheet numbered 45 F/10 what does F indicate?
Answer:
F indicates degree sheet

Question 3.
55 D/1 represents the number of a toposheet.
i. What is the scale of this toposheet ?
ii. What is indicated by the parts 55 and D in this toposheet number ?
Answer:
i. 1 : 50,000
ii. 55 indicates the Million sheet which includes this toposheet. D indicates the Degree sheet which includes this toposheet.

Question 4.

Suppose the figure represents a 4° x 4° topographical map. Mark the position of 55 D/10 toposheet of scale 1: 50000 by dividing and numbering it in the respective order.
Answer:

Question 5.
What is represented by the symbol λ in a topographical map?
Answer:
Non – perennial river

Question 6.

Examine the symbol and mention the cultural features represented by this symbol in the topographical maps.
Answer:
• Road
• Bridge

Question 7.

The symbols largely used in a toposheet to represent the transport are given. What is your inference regarding the transport facilities in there region?
Answer:

• The symbols represent foot paths and unmetalled roads
• Thus transport facilities are limited in this region

Question 8.
Analyse the symbols and find suitable ones to each of them from those given below.

I. a. International boundary
b. State boundary
c. District boundary
d. Taluk boundary
II. a. State boundary
b. District boundary
c. Taluk boundary
d. International boundary
Answer:
I. a. International boundary
b. State boundary
c. District boundary
d. Taluk boundary

Question 9.
Distinguish the features represented by conventional signs and symbols in toposheets and make inferences on them.

Observe the columns A and B and find the suitable matches from those given below.
I. 1a, 2b, 3c, 4d
II. 1a, 2c, 3b, 4d
III. 1d, 2c, 3b, 4a
IV. 1d, 2b, 3c, 4a
Answer:
III. 1d,
2c,
3b,
4a

Question 10.
The Colours and symbols used in topographical maps are internationally accepted ones. Why?
Answer:
This is for understanding the maps prepared by a country by any other countries

Question 11.

These two symbols represents railway lines. What is the main difference between them?
Answer:

• Broad guage
• Metre guage

Question 12.

Answer:
Grave yard

Question 13.
What is represented by the signs PO and PS in topographical maps?
Answer:

• PO- Post Office
• PS-Police Station

Question 14.
What is indicated by the numbers given along with the contour lines?
Answer:
Altitude

Question 15.
What are the features represented by these two symbols? Name the symbols. What is the main difference between them ?

Answer:

• Altitude.
• Contour lines and Form lines.
• If the altitude of places are known, contour lines are drawn by joining the places having the same altitude above mean
• sea level. If the actual elevations of places are not known, broken lines are drawn instead of contours.

Question 16.
Three fourth of the total area in a topographical map is shown in yellow color. What is your inference regarding the main economic activity of the people in this region?
Answer:
Agriculture is the main economic activity

Question 17.
What are the methods of representing relief in topographical maps other than contour lines?
Answer:

• Form lines
• Spot heights
• Triangulated heights
• Bench marks etc.

Question 18.
Examine the model reference grid and mark the symbol required at the place where the river and road meets.

Question 19.
The lines drawn in North-South direction in the toposheets are the Eastings. Why these lines are called so?
Answer:
The value of these lines increases eastwards.

Question 20.
Observe the model reference grids. Suppose there is a proposal to construct a water reservoir in this region. Suggest the suitable place for constructing a water reservoir across the river. Substantiate your answer.

Answer:

• AB is the suitable place. Cost of construct-ion will be less because it is a narrow valley between the hills.
• Can have much water holding capacity.

Question 21.
The contour lines are closely spaced at place A and B are widely spaced at plAce B in a toposheet. What is your inference regarding the slopes at places A and B?
Answer:
A. Steep slope
B. Gentle slope

Question 22.
Analyse the model reference grids given. Identify the suitable place for the construction of railway line and mark it with appro priate symbol
Answer:

• Mark along the area in between the hills.
• Use the conventional symbol for railway line

Question 23.
Analyse the model reference grids and answer the following questions.

1. Find the direction of fort with respect to the temple.
2. Locate the temple in six figure grid reference method.
3. Find the actual length of the road in the area.
4. Locate the settlements in four figure grid reference method.
Answer:
1. West
2. 847345
3. 6.5 Km
4. 8534

Landscape Analysis through Maps Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In India which agency is entrusted with the preparation of topographic maps ?
Answer:
The Survey of India

Question 2.
Name the imaginary lines joining places hav-ing the same elevation above the sea level.
Answer:
Contour lines

Question 3.
Find out which is not a function of contour lines in the topographic maps.
a. To understand the height of a place
b. To understand the slope of the place,
c. To understand the pH of landform.
d To understand the shape of the landform.
Answer:
To understand the pH of landform.

Question 4.
How did the word Toposheet derive?
Answer:
The English term topographic is derived from the Greek terms ’topo’ and “graphic”.Topo means place and graphic means to write or explain.

Question 5.
Certain restrictions have been imposed on the Use of topographical maps why?
Answer:
This is because of strategic regions owing to the national security concern.

Question 6.
What are the things that we should keep in mind while preparing or analyzing the topo-sheet?
Answer:

• A thorough knowledge of the numbering scheme.
• local aspects.
• The conventional sign and symbols
• The elevation and slope of the terrain
• The methods of their representation

Question 7.
Study the figure 4.2 given in this chapter Analyze the figure 4.2. given is this chapter?
Answer:
It refers to India and adjoining places covering 4° latitudinal and longitudinal extent into 105 sheets. One among the sheet is 55.This 55 sheet is again divided into 16 equal parts This sheets has 1° latitudinal and longitudinal extent. One such type of sheet is D given in this figure. This sheet again divided in to 16 parts. This consists of 15 minute latitudinal and longitudinal extent.

Question 8.
Given picture consists of various conventional symbols. What do they represent?

Answer:
A. Metaled road
B. Unmetaled road
C. Footpath
D. Cort track
E. Bridge with road

Question 9.
What are the indications of the conventional symbols given below?

Answer:
A. Railway – broad gauge
B. Railway with station
C. Railway with meter gauge
D. Level crossing
E. Railway with bridge

Question 10.
What are the Geographical features given in the picture below?

Answer:
A. International boundary
B. State boundary
C. District boundary
D. Taluk boundary

Question 11.
What are the geographical featuros given below?

Answer:
A. Stream
B. River
C. Tidal river
D. Spring
E. Well
F. Tube well

Question 12.
What are the methods used to represent height in topography sheets?
Answer:

• Contour lines
• Form lines
• Spot height
• Triangulated height
• Bench mark

Question 13.
What are the various uses of Topgraphic maps?
Answer:

• To analyse the physical and cultural features of the Earth.
• For military operations and the preparations of military maps.
• To identify and study the natural as well as the cultural resources of a region as a part of economic planning.
• For urban planning.

Question 14.
There are various methods used to represent height in topography sheet. Give a brief note on it.
Answer:
Contour line — These are imaginary lines joining places having the same elevation above the sea level.

Form lines — When it is difficult to measure the elevation of places through land surveys due to rugged terrain, the elevation is represented with the help of broken lines – These are form lines.

Spot height — It represents the actual height of a place by recording the heights in digits beside a black dot.

Triangulated height — Height of places estimated through trigonometric surveys are recorded is maps using symbols.

Bench mark — The height of reservoirs and prominent buildings are recorded ‘along with the letters BM’.

Question 15.
Name the lines which are drawn both horizontally and vertically for grid reference?
Answer:
Eastings and Northings are the lines used to for grid reference.

Eastings : The lines which are drawn from North – South in red color are called Eastings. Northings – The lines which are drawn from East – West in red color are called Northings

Question 16.
What is grid reference?
Answer:
The grid formed by the eastings and the northings are called grid reference.

Question 17.
Write a short note on the relationship between grid reference in topography sheet and breadth on the earth surface?
Answer:
Each grid with 2 cm width and 2 cm breadth covers and area with 1 km length and 1 km breadth on the earth surface (1:50,000 topo- sheet)

Question 18.
4 figures and 6 figures are used in topography sheet for grid reference. Write an explanation to this statement.
Answer:
Larger geographic features are generally located through 4 figure. While comparatively smaller geographic features are located through the 6 – figure grid reference.

Question 19.
Find out the 4 figure grid reference of the taken given in the picture.

Answer:

• Easting 52
• Worthing 18
• Grid reference 5218

Question 20.
One tube well is given in the figure. Find out 6 figure grid reference of the tube well.

Answer:

• Easting – 155
• Northing – 766
• Grid reference – 155766

Question 21.
In a grid reference eastings is recorded as 165? What is meant by this?
Answer:
1.6 is vertically drawn and marked in red colour. 5 means in between 16 and 17 imagine there are 10 equal lines,5 stands on 5^th line.

Question 22.
Brown lines are shown in the topographic map. By what name are these lines known? What is its use?
Answer:
Brown color lines represents contour lines.They are used to find out the altitude of the place shown in the map.

Question 23.
What are the contour lines?
Answer:
Contours are imaginary lines drawn connecting places having equal elevation from the sea level. The respective altitude will be contour values.

Question 24.
What are the various uses of concur intervals in toposheet?
Answer:

• To know about height of a place.
• To know about nature of slope of a place.
• Shape of the land form.

Question 25.
There are two ways to know about the shape of land forms by contour lines. What are the two ways?
Answer:
Method -1: Place a paper strip, across the contour pattern of which the topography is to be assessed. Mark and label the values of the contour lines cutting across the paper strip. Transfer these values on to the x and y axis of a graph paper in picture 2. We get the shape of the land form after drawing shown in figure 3.

Method-2: Copy the contour lines on the tracing paper and transfer them on to another paper. Draw a line A B through the center of the contours as shown in figure 1. Drawn x and y axis below the line AB as shown. Join the points using pencil as again in picture 2

Question 26.
a. How is the English term Topographic formed ?
b. What are things should be considered while interpreting a Topography sheet?
c. List out various marginal/primary information to be collected from a topography sheet.
Answer:
a. The English term topographic is derived from the Greek terms ‘topo’ and ‘graphie’ which mean ‘place’ and ‘to write or draw’ respectively. Topographic maps are also known as toposheets.

b. (i) Printing information
(ii) Physical features
(iii) Cultural features

c. (i) Toposheet number
(ii) Name of the place represented
(iii) Latitudinal location
(iv) Longitudinal location
(v) Eastings
(vi) Northings
(vii) Scale of the map
(viii) Contour interval
(ix) Year of survey
(x) Year of publication
(xi) Agency in charge of survey

Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 6 Economic Growth and Economic Development Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 9th Standard Social Science Goegraphy Chapter 6 Notes Malayalam Medium സാമ്പത്തിക വളർച്ചയും സാമ്പത്തിക വികസനവും

Economic Growth and Economic Development Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can Download National Income Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 3 National Income Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 3 Notes

National Income Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.

(Source: IMF World Economic Outlook October-2015)
The above table shows the national incomes of a few
countries during three years. Observe the table and
answer the following questions.
a) Find out the countries which have the highest and the lowest national income in 2014.
b) Compared to 2013, which countries have achieved economic growth in 2014?
c) Compared to 2013, which countries have failed in achieving economic growth in 2014?
d) What change can be seen in the economic growth of India from 2010 to 2014?
Answer:
a) The country USA has the highest national income and Brazil has the lowest national income in 2014.
b) Compared to 2013, the USA, China, and India have achieved economic growth in 2014.
c) Compared to 2013, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, France, and Brazil have failed in achieving economic growth in 2014. (The national income of Italy in 2013 given in the textbooks is not correct.)
d) The National income of India in 2010 was 1875.20 billion dollars. In 2013, it was 2051.20 billion dollars and in 2014 it was 2182.60 billion dollars. Compared to 2013, India has achieved better economic growth in 2014.

9th Class Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Gross National product considers only the final product. Find out more examples.
Answer:
Gross National Product is an important concept of national income. It is calculated on the basis of the final goods and services produced in a country. The products that are available for consumption are called the final product. For example, we manufacture shirts using raw materials such as cloth, thread, and buttons. Here, the shirt is the final product for consumption. The money value of final products is taken into account for calculating the Gross National Product. While calculating the money value of the shirt, the value of raw materials such as buttons and clothes are included.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 3.

(Source: Central Statistical Office)
Answer the following questions based on the above table
a) Which sector has made the highest contribution to India’s GDP in 2011 – 2012? What is the contribution of the same sector in 2013-14?
b) Which sector has contributed the least to national income in 2012 – 2013 and 2013 -14?
c) What is the position of the industrial sector in 2011 -12,2012 -13 and 2013 -14?
d) What other information can be drawn from the table?
Answer:
a) In 2011 – 2012, the service sector made the highest contribution to India’s GDP. The contribution of the service sector in 2013 – 2014 was 57%
b) Agriculture and allied sectors contributed the least to national income in 2012-2013 and 2013 -2014.
c) The position of the industrial sector is second in 2011 – 2012, 2012 – 2013 and 2013 – 2014.
d) The share from the industrial sector is slowly decreasing every year. The share of the agricultural sector to India’s GDP shows a slight decrease in 2012 -2013 compared to 2011 – 2012. But it increased in 2013-2014. The service sector made the highest contribution to India’s GDP in all the three periods.

National Income Model Questions and Answers

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 4.
Define national income
Answer:
National income is the money value of all goods and services produced in a country during a financial year.

9th Class Social Science Textbook Question Answer Question 5.
What are the objectives of calculating national income?
Answer:

• To calculate the economic growth of a country.
• To compare the economic growth of different countries.
• To asses the contribution of different sectors in the economy.
• To study the problems faced by the economy.
• To help the government in planning and implementing different projects.
• To find out the limitations and advantages of economic activities like production, consumption and
• distribution.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Name the three sectors of an economy
Answer:

• Agriculture sector
• Industrial sector
• Service sector

Social Science 9th Class Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Prepare a table for understanding the activities that come under each sector.
Answer:

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Match the following

Answer:

Std 9 Geography Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
In India, the financial year is
a) From January 1 to December 31
b) From June 1 to May 31
c) From April 1 to March 31
d) From March 1 to December 31
Answer:
c) From April 1 to March 31

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 10.
What is Net National Product
Answer;
When we deduct depreciation charges from the Gross National Product, we get the Net National Product. Technically, the Net National Product is considered as national income.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 11.
What is per capita income? What is its importance?
Answer:
When we divide the national income by population, we get per capita income. It helps to know the economic position of a country and compare it with other countries.

Percapita income = \(\frac{\text { National income }}{\text { Total population }}\)

Social Science Class 9 Notes State Syllabus Question 12.
Percapita income =

Answer:
b) \(\)\frac{\text { National income }}{\text { Total population }}[/latex

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 13.

Answer:

9th Class Social Science Malayalam Medium Question 14.
Match the following

Answer:

Question 15.
Prepare a flow chart showing interest between production, income, and expenditure.
Answer:

Question 16.
Explain the income method for estimating national income.
Answer:
Income method is the reward received for the factors of production. In income method, national income is calculated based on rent, wages, interest, and profit, which are the rewards for factors of production. This method is helpful in analyzing the contribution of each factor of production to the national income.

Question 17.
What is the product method for estimating national income?
Answer:
Under the product method, the national income is calculated by adding up the money value of goods and services produced by the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. It is useful for assessing the contribution of each of these sectors towards the national income. It is also used to analyze which sector contributes the most to national income.

Question 18.
What are the functions of the Central Statistical Office in India?
Answer:
income of India. The estimation is done mainly for the purpose of planning and development activities of the government. It also helps to understand the nature of the employment sectors and the types of employment of the people are engaged in.

Question 19.
Define a knowledge sector
Answer:
The knowledge sector in the sector which efficiently uses knowledge and technology to attain economic growth.

Question 20.
Point out factors forming basis of knowledge
economy
Answer:

• Education
• Innovation
• Information and communication technology

Question 21.
Prepare a note on intellectual capital.
Answer:
Intellectual capital is the collective knowledge of all the people in an enterprise or a society. It is an invisible asset.

Question 22.
Today, as a part of the tertiary sector, growth of services based on knowledge is happening on a large scale. Substantiate this statement.
Answer:
People giving expert advice on shares and taxes, software experts, etc. are part of this sector. Top business executives, researchers, scientists, expert policymakers, economic experts, etc. strengthen this sector. The government also gives priority to the development of the knowledge sector. Initiatives of Govt, of Kerala like the Infopark and Technopark, are examples for this.

Question 23.
India has achieved immense progress in information and communication technology. There are some favorable factors which can help India grow further in this sector. What are they?
Answer:

• Human resource, including technical experts who are well versed in the English language.
• Wide domestic market.
• Strong private sector.
• Development of science and technology.
• Favourable attitude of the government.
• Increase of foreign investment.
• Better employment opportunities.

Question 24.
What do you mean by depreciation charges?
Answer:
The cost incurred to remedy the wear and tear of machinery is termed as depreciation charges.

Question 25.
Which among the following is not included in national income.
a) Services of teachers
b) Services of migrant workers
c) Services of housewives
d) Services of domestic servants
Answer:
c) Services of housewives

Question 26.
The income of people working abroad and the profit of institutions and firms operating abroad will not be included while calculating the Gross Domestic Product. Why? Explain with an example.
Answer:
The GDP of a country is the total money value of the final goods and services produced within the domestic territory during a financial year. The income of people working abroad and the profit of institutions and firms operating abroad will not be included while calculating the Gross Domestic Product.

Let Us Assess

Question 27.
Which among the following is not an important objective in estimating national income?
a) To study the economic problems
b) To help in formulating government plans
c) To calculate the population of a country
d) To analyze the contribution of different sectors
Answer:
c) To calculate the population of a country

Question 28.
Which among the following concepts of national income considers the domestic territory of a country?
a) GNP
b) GDP
c) Per capita income
d) NNP
Answer:
b) GDP

Question 29.
Write short notes on the following
a) Main concepts of national income
b) CSO
c) Knowledge economy and India
Answer:
a) Main concepts of national income Gross National Product: Gross National Product is an important concept of national income. It is calculated on the basis of the final goods and services produced in a country. The products that are available for consumption are called the final product. For example, we manufacture shirts using raw materials such as cloth, thread, and buttons. Here, the shirt is the final product for consumption. The money value of final products is taken into account for calculating the Gross National Product. While calculating the money value of the shirt, the value of raw materials such as buttons and clothes are included.

Gross Domestic Product – GDP Gross Domestic Product is the most suitable concept of national income to analyze the contribution of sectors in an economy. The GDP of a country is the total money value of the final goods and services produced within the domestic territory during a financial year. The income of people working abroad and the profit of institutions and firms operating abroad will not be included while calculating the Gross Domestic Product. For example, suppose an Indian firm operates in America. The profit of that institution will be included in the Gross Domestic Product of America but in the Gross National Product of India. That is to say while calculating the GDP of India, such income will be excluded.

Net National Product – NNP If you purchase a computer and sell it the next year, will you get the same amount that you spent while purchasing it? Why? Similarly, with time, machinery and other things suffer from wear and tear. The cost incurred to remedy this wear and tear is termed as depreciation charges. The depreciation charges are taken into consideration while calculating the national income. When we deduct depreciation charges from the Gross National Product we get the Net National Product. Technically, the Net National Product is considered as national income.

Net National Product = Gross National Product – Depreciation charges

Per Capita Income:
When we divide the national income by population, we get per capita income. It helps to know the economic position of a country and to compare it with other countries.
b) The Central Statistical Office (CSO) is the official agency that estimates the national income of India. The estimation is done mainly for the purpose of planning and development activities of the government. It also helps to understand the nature of the employment sectors and the types of employment the people are engaged in. In India, we make use of the product, income, and expenditure methods to estimate the national income.

c) Knowledge economy and India: The knowledge sector is the sector which efficiency uses knowledge and technology to attain economic growth. Today, modern technology and information & communication possibilities have grown and developed into knowledge economy. Education, innovation, and Information & Communication Technology (ICT) form the basis of knowledge economy. In knowledge economy, production and consumption of intellectual capital take place.

Question 30.
Explain the main methods of estimating National Income.
Answer:
There are three methods for estimating national income. They are:

• Product method
• Income method
• Expenditure method

Product method:
. Under the product method, the national income is calculated by adding up the money value of goods and services produced by the primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors. It is useful for assessing the contribution of each of these sectors towards the national income. It is also used to analyze which sector contributes the most to national income.
Income method:
You know that income is the reward received for the factors of production. In income method, national income is calculated based on rent, wages, interest, and profit, which are the rewards for factors of production. This method is helpful in analyzing the contribution of each factor of production to the. national income.
Expenditure method:
The expenditure method is used to estimate the national income by calculating the expenditure incurred by individuals, firms, and government in a particular year. In Economics, just like consumption expenditure. The summation of consumption expenditure, investment expenditure, and government expenditure, gives the total expenditure. Estimation of national income using any of the above three methods will give the same results.

Question 31.
Write four limitations in estimating the national income of India.
Answer:

• Lack of reliable statistical data creates difficulty in estimating national income.
• There is a chance of calculating the money value of goods and services more than once (double counting) while they pass through different stages of production.
• Service of housewives is not included in national income.
• The production of goods for self-consumption is not included in the estimation of national income. Example, vegetable garden at home.
• Ignorance and illiteracy of the people create problems in collecting statistical data.
• The practical difficulty in assessing the money value of services impede (obstruct) the correct estimation of national income.
• Consumers seldom maintain records of expenditure incurred by them

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 6 India, the Land of Synthesis Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 6 Notes

India The Land Of Synthesis Kerala Syllabus 9th Questions 1.
The sufis helped to maintain relations among different religious during ………. and ………. periods.
Answer:
Sultanate and Mughal

India The Land Of Synthesis Notes Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 2.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Mention the features of early Bhakti traditions.
Answer:

• Its propagators were the saints who were Bhakti poets.
• Challenged the conservative Brahmanictraditions.
• Provided representation to the lower castes and women.
• Rendered contributions in the field of culture and music.

Hsslive Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Where did Bhakti movement emerged at first?
Answer:
Tamil Nadu

Hsslive Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Discuss the role played by Alwars and Nayanars in propagating the Bhakti movement in South India.
Answer:
The Bhakti movement emerged at first in Tamil Nadu. This movement was led by the Alwars and the Nayanars. The always were Vaishnavites and the Nayanars, Saivites. They composed and propagated devotional songs. Both the Alwars and the Nayanars opposed caste inequalities. Among them there were women saints also. The woman saint Andal was one of the famous Vaishnavite saints. Another woman saint Karakkal Ammayarwasa Saivite.

Hss Live 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Prepare a flow chart showing ideas of Virasaiva movement.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard History Notes Question 7.
Name the leader who made tremendous contribution to Vachana Sahityam
Answer:

• Basavanna
• Allamaprabhu
• Akka Mahadevi

Hsslive Guru 9th Social Science Question 8.
Examine the role of the idea of Kabir in promoting religious harmony among different sections of people.
Answer:
A part of the Doha (meaningful couplets) of Kabir, who was an important figure in the Bhakti Movement is given above. He reminds that the Hindu and the Muslim are two wares made out of the same soil and he tried to promote brotherhood between Hinduism and Islam. The aim of Kabir was to propagate a religion of love uniting people of all castes and religions.

He strongly opposed all discriminations on the basis of caste, religion, class, family and wealth. He focused on the unity of humanity and vehemently opposed caste system and untouchability. He rejected idol worship, pilgrimages and bathes in holy rivers. He was not in favor of forsaking family life for accepting sainthood. The ideas of Kabir developed through discussions and deliberations on the basis of the Bhakti – Sufi traditions.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Name the women who were active in Bhakti movement.
Answer:

• Mirabai
• Lalded
• Bhahinabai
• Akka Mahadevi

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 10.
Prepare a note on the ideas of Guru Nanak.
Answer:
Guru Nanak was another preceptor who focused on the idea of monotheism. He tried to combine the ideas of Hinduism and Islam. He was a spokesman of the ideals of religious tolerance and universal brotherhood. He opposed the rituals of both Hinduism and Islam. He said that one has to maintain purity in character and behavior to reach God. He vehemently opposed idol worship and pilgrimages.

He promoted a middle path which permitted spiritual life along with the responsibilities of a householder. The prayer songs known as ‘Shabad’ were the contribution of Nanak. He strongly opined that all human beings are equal and hence there is no need of caste distinction among them. He instructed his followers to have food from the common kitchen (lunger). He also instructed that the people from all castes could take food from the lunger. The ideas of Nanak later led to the emergence of Sikhism.

9th Class History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
What are the changes brought about by the Bhakti movement in the social system of India?
Answer:
Even though the Bhakti Movement evolved with the aim of dedication to God, it created certain qualitative changes in the Indian social system. The propagators of the Bhakti cult, through their words and songs, maintained that everyone was equal in front of God.

This strengthened the concept of social equality against caste discriminations. The idea of gender equality also began to take shape. The idea of social equality got wide popularity since the Movement was led by low caste people like Thiruppana Alwar, Kabir, and Lalded. Regional languages developed. Evil practices were questioned.

Hsslive Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Complete the table.

Answer:

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Conduct a seminar on the topic the cultural life of medieval India/Areas to be considered:
1. Regional languages
2. Music
3. Painting and architecture.
Answer:
Growth of Regional Languages:
The propagators of the Bhakti – Sufi movements spread their ideas through their vernacular languages. This was to enable the common people to understand them. This resulted in the growth of the regional languages. The two forms of Hindi – Braj (Vrije language) and Awadhi were used as spoken languages. Many languages such as Punjabi, Kannada, Telugu, Oriya, Assamese, Marathi, Bengali, Sindhi and Malayalam evolved during this period. In almost all parts of the country, Persian was the court language of the medieval period. Hence many Persian words can be found in many regional languages.

Out of the relationship between Persian and Hindi, a new language, Urdu, came into being. Urdu is the most important example of the cultural synthesis of India during the medieval period. Urdu, which was spoken in the Deccan, was. strongly influenced by the languages such as Telugu and Marathi. Gradually Urdu became the most popular spoken language of the towns. In the Western Coast, merchants used Arabic. Soon it began to influence the regional languages of that area. Because of the influence of the Arabic language, a new mixed dialect, Arabi – Malayalam, evolved in Kerala.

People also used Sanskrit during the Middle Ages. Sanskrit was used in the court of Vijayanagara on festive occasions. Sanskrit prevailed as the language of higher education. The popular literature of Sanskrit such as the Puranas, Ramayana and the Mahabharata were available in the regional languages. The Persian literature influenced some poets and writers of the period. The most notable Persian writer of the period was Amir Khusrau. His love towards India and the pride of being an Indian is clearly revealed through the content of his works.

During this period a large number of Indian works were translated into Persian language,. Ramayana, Mahabharata, Atharvaveda, Upanishads, etc. belong to this category. The historic chronicle of Kalhana, Rajatarangini, was translated into Persian during the reign of the Kashmir king, Zain-ul-abin.

Hindi received tremendous impetus during the medieval period. Ramananda and Kabir delivered their moral advice in Hindi. The dohas of Kabirwere the finest example of Hindi literature. The Sursagar of Surdas, Ramacharitamanes of Tulsidas, the Bhajans of Mirabai and Padmavati of Malik Muhammed Jayasi enriched Hindi language.

Music:

It was during the medieval period that music was enriched with different forms. Considerable progress was attained by the Carnatic music, the musical style of South India. The famous Carnatic musician of the period was Naik Gopal. A large number of musicians migrated from Deccan to North India during the medieval period. During the same period, a new music style evolved in North India, due to the influence of Persian music. It came to be known as the Hindustani music. Amir Khusrau, who lived in the Sultanate period was one of the famous Hindustani musicians of the Sultanate period.

Amir Khusrau received training in different aspects of Indian music from the Carnatic musician, Naik Gopal. The medieval rulers were patrons of this category of music. New forms of music emerged during this period. The techniques of Persia were experimented in Indian music. The singing styles such as Khayal and Thumri got popularity. Many musical instruments like sitar, sarangi, tabala, etc.also became popular. The special interests of some Sufis in singing also were responsible for this. It was through the Sufi saints that Khayal and Gazal became widespread in India.

The musical works of Sanskrit were translated into Persian during this period. The work on Music Ragadarpan was translated into Persian during the regime of Firoz Shah Thuglaq. Emperor Akbar was a great lover of music. Abul Fazl states that 36 musicians were patronized by Akbar. The most famous among them was Tanzen. The Durbar raga, which enriched the Hindustani music was his contribution. The work Sangeeta Ratnakaram authored by Sarngadevan of the 13th century was an important contribution of medieval India to music. The camatic music of South India was influenced by the Persian and Arabic music during the Vijayanagara rule.

Architecture and Painting:

Architecture and painting attained progress in India during the medieval period. Itwasduringthe medieval period that the new styles of architecture such as Dravida, Nagara, Indo- Persian, etc. developed. The blending of different sculptural styles was a specialty of the age.

The painting style that came into vogue during the Mughal period is known as miniature painting. This is the style of drawing pictures like the pictures in books. It was a combination of both Indian and Persian styles.

The Mughal Emperor Humayun contacted Persian artists, and Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdu Samad wer brought to his court. The Mughal style of painting was developed by them.

Painting competitions were organized in the royal institutes (Kharkhana) during the region of Akbar. people from different sections participated in them. The stories of Mahabharata were completely compiled into a series of paintings called Raznama by Daswant Who lived during the period of Akbar. Indian subjects and natural scenes gradually became the themes of painting. The painters of the period showed their proficiency in drawing the pictures of birds and animals. The quality of paintings increased considerably during the reign of Jahangir. Bishandas and Abul Hassan were the greatest painters of the period. Kalyandas was a painter during the period or Shajahan.

There were groups of painters during the medieval period. They were from many parts of India such as Gujarat, Kashmir, Deccan, etc. Their paintings were influenced by their respective regional styles. Their paintings were based on the themes of the puranas and stories of both India and Persia. The wall paintings of that time were also remarkable. The wall paintings on the Tanjore temple during the period of the Cholas were an, important feature of medieval painting. The Rajasthani style was another style developed during this period. It was a combination of the traditional and the Mughal styles of painting.

The cultural synthesis shaped in medieval India brought many changes in the history of India. The greatest models of this synthesis wer Din-i-llahi and Sikhism emerged from among the people. The new styles introduced in the fields of architecture, painting, literature, and music enriched the mixed culture of India. People from different regions of India, followers of different religions and institutions did make their contributions to this cultural synthesis.

Hss Live Guru 9th History Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Explain the features of Sufi movement in the medieval period.
Answer:
The Sufis were those who showed reluctance to luxurious life and gave predominance to spiritual life. They consider devotion as a means to reach close to the God.
They preached to respect all human beings. The Sufi saint was known as Pir or Shaikh and his follower Murid. The residences of the Sufis are known as Khanqahs. The devotional songs reciting in the Sufi centers are the Qawwalis.

Hss Live Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Match the following table

Answer:

Hsslive Guru Social Science Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 16.
How did Urdu language emerge?
Answer:
Out of the relationship between Persian and Hindi, Urdu came into being.

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