Prasanna

Kerala SSLC Biology Chapter 8 Notes The Paths Traversed by Life English Medium

Earth originated first, followed by Later so many diverse organisms were formed on the earth. These facts fascinated human beings always. Though many arguments originated in course of time, most of them were discarded for want of evidences. Scientific enquiries are going on even today to collect more evidences to make explanations more logical.

→ The Panspermia theory and the theory of chemical evolution are theories related to the origin of life on earth and are discussed even today.

→ Acquired characters : The characters developed during the life time of organisms.

→ Darwin’s finches : The finches that led Charles Darwin to the theory of natural selection.

→ Charles Darwin presented his Natural selection theory on the origin of species by means of natural selection.

→ Thomas Robert Malthus An economist, influenced Darwin’s speculations about the diversity of the beaks of finches.

→ Neo Darwinism : Modified version of Darwinism revised in the light of new information from the branches of genetics, cytology, geology and paleontology.

→ Homologous organs : Organs that are similar in structure and perform different functions.

→ Fossils: Are the remnants of primitive organisms.

→ Anthropoidea : The category which included humans, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, gibbon and monkeys.

→ Cercopithecoidea : The category in which monkeys are included.

→ Hominoidea : The category which included humans, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and gibbon.

Biology Notes for Class 10 Kerala Syllabus

Kerala SSLC Biology Chapter 7 Notes Genetics for the Future English Medium

Farmers traditionally adopted the’| method of selection and rearing of cattle and crops of superior hybrid variety. These methods can be considered as traditional biotechnology. But modern biotechnology includes the production of organisms with desired qualities by changing their genetic material. This unit explains how genetic engineering influences diverse area of life.

→ Biotechnology: The use of microorganisms and biological processes for industrial purpose.

→ Genetic engineering : Is the technology of controlling traits of organisms by bringing about desirable changes in the genetic constitution of organisms.

→ Genetic scissors : The enzyme used to cut genes.

→ Genetic glue : The enzyme used to join genes.

→ Vectors : Used to transfer a gene from one cell to another cell.

→ Gene therapy : Is a method of treatment in which the genes that are responsible for diseases are removed and normal functional genes are inserted in their place.

→ Gene mapping : The technology helped to identify the location of a gene in the DNA responsible for a particular trait.

→ Genome : The sum of genetic material present in an organism.

→ Junk genes : The nonfunctional genes.

→ DNA profiling : The technology of testing the arrangement of nucleotides.

Biology Notes for Class 10 Kerala Syllabus

Kerala SSLC Biology Chapter 6 Notes Unravelling Genetic Mysteries English Medium

The similarities between parents children are due to the transmission of characters from parents to offsprings. But are the characters of parents alone transmitted to offsprings? Why is it that only some of the characters of parents are expressed in offsprings? How do differences also occur along with similarities? Such questions and the assumptions related to them have arisen since very ancient times. This unit unravels the genetic mysteries.

→ Heredity : The transmission of features of parents to offsprings.

→ Variations : The features seen in offsprings that are different from their parents.

→ Genetics : The branch of science that deals with heredity and variation is called genetics.

→ Gregor Johann Mendel is considered as the father of Genetics.

→ Allele : A gene that controls a trait has different forms. The different forms of a gene are called alleles.

→ Two scientists, James Watson and Francis Crick, presented the double helical model of DNA.

→ Nucleotides: The units by which DNA molecule is made up of.

→ A nucleotide contains a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule and a nitrogen base.

→ Protein molecule is synthesized by adding Amino acids as a result of action of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.

→ The genetic constitution of female is 44

→ Crossing over: During the initial phase of meiosis, chromosomes pair and exchange their parts.

→ When gametes undergo fusion, the combination of allele changes.

→ Mutation : A sudden heritable change in the genetic constitution of an organism.

→ The XY Chromosomes of the father determine whether the child is male or female.

→ The change in skin colour, dark or light, is an adaptation to live under the sun.

Biology Notes for Class 10 Kerala Syllabus

Kerala SSLC Biology Chapter 5 Notes Soldiers of Defense English Medium

Though we live in the midst of germs, we are not susceptible to diseases. We have several mechanisms to prevent the entry of germs. Our body is equipped with a variety of de¬fense mechanisms like body covering, body secretions and body fluids. The body can be protected from diseases only if it can re¬spond properly against even mild attack of germs. Treatment is the ultimate defense strategy. Several modes of treatment have been developed according to the situations in different countries. This unit familiarizes the various soldiers of defense.

→ Defense : The ability of the body to prevent the entry of pathogens and to destroy those that have already entered the body.

→ Body coverings like skin and mucous mem-brane are the defense mechanisms of the body.

→ Body secretions like mucous, saliva, tear, hydrochloric acid, etc. destroy germs.

→ Skin : The protective covering of the body.

→ Body fluids like blood and lymph play an important role in defense mechanism.

→ White blood cells like neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, monocyte and lymphocyte play a significant role in defense.

→ Inflammatory response: The defense mechanism in which when a wound occurs, that part swells up.

→ Phagocytosis : The process of engulfing and destroying germs. Monocytes and neutrophils are phagocytes.

→ Blood clotting is also a defense mechanism.

→ Non-specific defense mechanism : Is a mechanism that protects us from all pathogens without considering their characteristic features.

→ Antigens : Any foreign body that stimulates the defense mechanism.

→ Specific defense : The defense mechanism that identifies the structure of each antigen and destroys it specifically.

→ Antibodies : Certain proteins that act against

→ Lymph : The body fluid formed from the blood and reabsorbed into blood.

→ Immunization: Is the artificial method to make the defense cells alert against the attack of pathogens.

→ Vaccines : Are the substances used for artificial immunization.

→ Medicines : Substances either extracted from plants, animals or microorganisms or chemical substances synthesized in laboratories.

→ Antibiotics : Medicines that are extracted from microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, etc. and used to destroy bacteria.

→ On receiving unmatching blood, the antigen present in the donor’s blood and the antibody present in the recipient’s blood will react with each other and form a blood clot.

→ Vaccines : Substances used for synthesizing antibodies.

Biology Notes for Class 10 Kerala Syllabus

Kerala SSLC Biology Chapter 4 Notes Keeping Diseases Away English Medium

In order to maintain homeostasis, organisms keep their internal environment free from wastes. We are highly concerned about personal hygiene, but many of us do not give adequate attention to community hygiene. We conserve our external environment for the well being of nature and its countless species of living beings. This unit mainly deals with various types of diseases which adversely affect the health of a person.

→ Communicable diseases : Diseases caused by the invasion of pathogens into the body and are transmitted from one person to another.

→ Virus enters into the body through body fluids, air, mosquitoes and animals.

→ Aids : Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome.

→ HIV : Human Immuno-deficiency Virus.

→ Bacteria multiply through binary fission.

→ Leptospira is the bacteria that causes rat fever.

→ Corynebacterium diphtheria is the pathogen of Diphtheria.

→ Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

→ The toxins produced by the fungi cause diseases.

→ Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, a protozoa.

→ Filariasis is caused by filarial worms that are spread by Culex mosquitoes.

→ Haemophilia : The condition in which excess blood is lost even through minor wounds.

→ Sickle cell anaemia : The condition in which the structure of haemoglobin changes and this in turn decreases its oxygen carrying capacity.

→ Cancer : A condition caused by uncontrolled division of cells and their spread to other tissues.

→ Life style diseases : Caused by unhealthy living style.

→ Animal diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, virus.

→ Plant diseases are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, virus and fungi.

→ We can keep away diseases by practising healthy habits.

Biology Notes for Class 10 Kerala Syllabus

Kerala SSLC Biology Chapter 3 Notes Chemical Messages for Homeostasis English Medium

You have already understood that transmission of message takes place in the body through nerves in the form of electric signals. The transmission of message from one neuron to another takes place in the form of chemical signals. There are certain chemical substances namely hormones which play a significant role in cell to cell communication. Hormones are produced in glands and are discharged not through ducts but directly into the blood stream. In plants certain chemical substances namely plant growth regulators are present to control and coordinate life activities as in animals.

→ Endocrine glands : The glands which secrete hormones.

→ Hormones : Chemical messengers that regulate cellular activities secreted by endocrine glands. The hormones secreted by pancreas are Insulin and Glucagon.

→ The normal level of glucose in blood is 70-110 mg/100 ml.

→ The level of glucose in blood is maintained by the combined action of insulin and glucagon.

→ Diabetes is clinically referred to as a condition when the level of glucose before breakfast is above 126 mg/100 ml of blood.

→ Hypothyroidism : Under secretion of thyroxine.

→ Hyperthyroidism : Over secretion of thyroxine.

→ Cretinism : The condition due to the deficiency of thyroxine during the foetal stage leads to mental retardation and stunted growth.

→ Myxoedema : The condition due to the lack of thyroxine in adults.

→ Melatonin : The hormone secreted by pineal gland which helps in maintaining the rhythm of our daily activities.

→ Gigantism : The condition in which the production of somatotropin increases during growth phase, which leads to the excessive growth pf the body.

→ Dwarfism : Caused when the production of somatotropin decreases during growth phase.

→ Pheromones : Chemical substances that are secreted in trace amount to the surroundings, in order to facilitate communication among organisms.

→ Plant hormones : Auxin, abscisic acid, cytokinin, gibberellins and ethylene are plant hormones.

Biology Notes for Class 10 Kerala Syllabus

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Resource Wealth of India

Answer the following. Score 1 each

A. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Which of the following is a Kharif crop?
Wheat
Pulses
Maize
Answer:
Maize

Question 2.
Which of the following is a millet?
Barley
Ragi
Jute
Answer:
Ragi

Question 3.
Two-third of the total coffee production in India is from
Kerala
Karnataka
Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
Karnataka

Question 4.
A non-metallic mineral
Coal
Bouxite
Silver
Answer:
Coal

Question 5.
The largest agro-based industry in India.
Cotton textile industry
Jute industry
Sugar industry
Answer:
Cotton textile industry

Question 6.
The leading producer of sugarcane in India.
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Punjab
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh

Question 7.
The crop that is mainly cultivated in the Deccan Plateau region.
Jute
Cotton
Wheat
Answer:
Cotton

Question 8.
An example for a beverage crop.
Coffee
Rubber
Cardamom
Answer:
Coffee

Question 9.
Which of the following is a metallic mineral?
Coal
Gypsum
Manganese
Answer:
Manganese

Question 10.
A non-ferrous metallic mineral.
Silver
Chromite
Mica
Answer:
Silver

Question 11.
The ore of aluminium.
Pyrite
Bauxite
Mica
Answer:
Bauxite

Question 12.
The National Waterway passing through the inland waterway in Kerala.
NW 1
NW 2
NW 3
Answer:
NW 3

Question 13.
The most suitable means of transport for international trade
Air transport
Rail transport
Water transport
Road transport
Answer:
Water transport

Question 14.
The largest coalfield in India.
Digboi in Assam
Mumbai High in Maharashtra
Jhar in Odisha
Jharia in Jharkhand
Answer:
Jharia in Jharkhand

Question 15.
In which state is Narora Nuclear Power Plant located?
Gujarat
Karnataka
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh

Question 16.
Which of the following is non-metallic mineral?
Iron ore
Mica
Manganese
Bauxite
Answer:
Mica

Question 17.
Laterite soil which is generally not suitable for other crops is good for the cultivation of
Sugarcane
Coffee
Rubber
Jute
Answer:
Rubber

Question 18.
Which of the following is a rabi crop?
Pulses
Cotton
Jute
Maize
Answer:
Pulses

Question 19.
The foreign country that assisted India’s iron and steel industrial firm in Bhilai.
Russia
Germany
England
USA
Ans:
Russia

Question 20.
The places in Tamil Nadu where nuclear power stations are established.
Answer:
Kalpakkam
Koodamkulam

Question 21.
Which places are linked by National Waterway III?
Answer:
Kollam – Kottappuram

Question 22.
Which places are linked by National Waterway 2?
Answer:
Sadia to Dubai

Question 23.
Name the six-lane superhighways connecting the four metropolitan cities Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
Answer:
The Golden’Quadrangle Super Highway

Question 24.
Which is the largest agro based industry in India?
Answer:
Cotton textile industry

Question 25.
Which state in India is the largest producer of rubber?
Answer:
Kerala

Question 26.
Name the largest coalfield in India.
Answer:
Jharia in Jharkhand

Question 27.
Name the first iron and steel plant established in South India.
Answer:
Visweswaraya Iron and Steel Ltd.

Question 28.
The Ganga – Brahmaputra delta region in West Bengal is known for
Tea plantation
Wheat cultivation
Cotton cultivation
Jute cultivation.
Answer:
Jute cultivation

Question 29.
Rourkela steel plant is established in collaboration with
Russia
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Answer:
Germany

Question 30.
The two Iron and Steel Plants established with the collaboration of Russia:
Answer:

1. Hindustan Steel Limited, Bhilai
2. Hindustan Steel Limited, Bokaro

Question 31.
The most important cotton textile centre in India.
Answer:
Mumbai

Question 32.
The state leading in the production of coffee in India.
Answer:
Karnataka

Question 33.
The Indian state leading in the production of both sugarcane and cane sugar.
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh

B. Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
Where did petroleum mining first start in India?
Answer:
Digboi in Assam

Question 2.
The largest oil field in India.
Answer:
Mumbai High in Maharashtra

Question 3.
Which are the petroleum-producing states of India?
Answer:
Assam, Gujarat, Maharashtra

Question 4.
Which mineral is the less energy efficient coal? Where is it found in India?
Answer:

• Lignite
• Neyveli in Tamil Nadu

Question 5.
Which type is most of the coal found in India?
Answer:
Bituminous

Question 6.
Which are the nuclear power stations in the following states?

• Maharashtra
• Karnataka

Answer:

• Tarapur in Maharashtra
• Kaiga in Karnataka

Question 7.
Which is the largest public sector undertaking in India?
Answer:
The Indian Railway

Question 8.
Which was the first rail route in India?
Answer:
The 34 km long rail between Mumbai and Thane, started in 1853.

Question 9.
Which are the places linked by National WaterM’ay 4?
Answer:
Canal from Kakinada to Puducherry linking Godavari and Krishna (1095 km).

Question 10.
Which are the Corporations that handle international and domestic flights in India?
Answer:

• Air India – International flights
• Indian Airlines – Domestic flights

Question 11.
Which are the iron and steel plants started in 1959 and 1964 with Russian collaboration?
Answer:

• 1959 – Bhilai Steel Plant (Hindustan Steel Limited)
• 1964 – Bokaro Steel Plant (Hindustan Steel Limited)

Question 12.
In which states are the following iron ore mines located?

• Singhbhum
• Sundargarh

Answer:

• Singhbhum – Jharkhand
• Sundargarh – Odisha

Question 13.
Which is the largest private-sector iron and steel plant in India? In which state is it located?
Answer:

• Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO)
• Jamshedpur in Jharkhand state.

Question 14.
Why is cotton known as ‘universal fibre’?
Answer:
Cotton is used worldwide in the textile sector.

Question 15.
To which agricultural crops are the following terms related?

• Arabica
• Sucrose

Answer:

• Arabica – High-quality coffee seed produced in India.
• Sucrose – The juice extracted from sugarcane.

Question 16.
What are cash crops?
Answer:
Cash crops are those having industrial and commercial significance.

Question 17.
Write the climate suitable for Kharif crops.
Answer:

• High temperature
• High rainfall
• Cultivation is started by the beginning of monsoon and harvested by the end of monsoon.

Question 18.
Which are the most suitable soils for the cultivation of rice and wheat?
Answer:

• Rice: Alluvial soil
• Wheat: Well-drained alluvial soil

Question 19.
Plantation of spices are concentrated mostly to the ranges of Western Ghats. Why?
Answer:
Favourable factors of the ranges like well-drained forest soil or sandy soil and the tropical climate with large amount of rainfall.

Question 20.
Which is the fibre for jute industry? Where in India is it cultivated mainly?
Answer:

• Jute
• Jute is mainly cultivated in the Ganga Brahmaputra delta in West Bengal.

Question 21.
Copper is used in electrical goods industry. Why?
Answer:
Copper is a good conductor of electricity.

Question 22.
What is the advantage of railways?
Answer:
Rail transport is equally important for cargo as well as passenger transport.

Answer the following. Score 2 each

Question 1.
Which is the cropping season in which sowing period is in June and harvesting period is in early November? Write examples.
Answer:

• Kharif season
• Rice, cotton

Question 2.
What is rabi season?
Answer:
The cropping season in which the cultivation is started by the beginning of winter and harvested by the beginning of summer.

Question 3.
Which are the soils ideal for cotton cultivation?
Answer:

• Black soil of Deccan plateau.
• Alluvial soil ofNorth Indian Plain.

Question 4.
What are the raw materials for iron and steel industry?
Answer:

• Iron ore
• Manganese
• Dolomite
• Coal
• Limestone

Question 5.
What are the favourable geographical factors for the cultivation of diverse agricultural crops in India?
Answer:

• Suitable agricultural climate for different crops.
• Diverse topography.
• Fertility of soil.
• Availability of water.

Question 6.
What is Kharif season? Give example.
Answer:
The agricultural season in which the cultivation is started by the beginning of monsoon in June and harvested by the end of monsoon in early November. Eg. Rice, Maize.

Question 7.
Distinguish between metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals.
Answer:

• Minerals with metallic content are called metallic minerals. Eg. Iron ore.
• Minerals without metallic content are called non metallic minerals. Eg. Mica.

Question 8.
Which are the four types of iron ore found in India?
Answer:

1. Magnetite
2. Haematite
3. Limonite
4. Siderite

Question 9.
What are the advantages of water transport compared to road and railways?
Answer:

• The cheapest means of transport.
• Suitable for large scale cargo transport.
• Most suited for international trade.
• Does not cause environmental pollution.

Question 10.
What is the importance of agriculture in Indian economy?
Answer:

• Three-fourths of Indian population depend on agriculture.
• Agriculture is the source of raw materials for many industries.
• It makes the food basket richer.

Question 11.
Classify the following minerals as metallic and non-metallic.
Copper, Coal, Manganese, Mica
Answer:

Question 12.
How are the roads of India classified?
Answer:

• National Highways
• State Highways
• District Roads
• Village Roads

Question 13.
What are the conclusions to be drawn on the analysis of the location of the agro-based industries in relation to agricultural regions?
Answer:
All the agro-based industries of India are located near to places where the raw materials for them are cultivated. This enables to get raw materials cheaply and in plenty. For eg: Mumbai and Ahmedabad, the centres of cotton textile industry’ in India are located near to places where cotton is cultivated on a large scale.

Question 14.
Rail and road transports are not developed in north-east states of India and in the . regions lying close to the Himalayas. Why?
Idukki and Wayanad districts in Kerala have no railway lines. Why?
Answer:
The construction of road and railway network is difficult in mountainous regions, hilly areas, valleys and slopes: The above said regions belong to such places.

Question 15.
Which are the by-products obtained from petroleum?
Answer:

• Chemical fertilizers
• Artificial rubber
• Artificial fibre
• Vaseline

Question 16.
Write the names of the nuclear power plants in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat.
Answer:

• Rajasthan – Rawatbhata
• Gujarat – Kakrapaara

Question 17.
Where are the plantation of spices concentrated in Kerala? Why?
Answer:

• Plantations of spices are concentrated mostly to the ranges of the Western Ghats.
• The reasons are the well drained forest soil or sandy soil and the tropical climate with large amount of rainfall.

Question 18.
Choose the correct order related to the National waterways in India.

Hints:
A. I and II are correct
B. I and III are correct
C. I and IV are correct
D. II and III are correct
Answer:
C. I and IV are correct.

Question 19.
Choose the cash crops from the list given below. Justify your answer.
Rice
Cotton
Wheat
Millets
Answer:
Cotton
Cotton has industrial and commercial significance. It is used widely in textile sector.

Question 20.
The given term is about a major crop in India. Identify the crop and write the states that produce this crop.
Arabica
Answer:
The term Arabica is related to coffee. It is the high quality coffee seed that India pro¬duces which has great demand in the international market.

The states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu produce coffee.

Question 21.
Copper and mica are used in electrical goods. industry. What feature of these minerals is the reason for this?
Answer:

• Copper – Conductor
• Mica – Insulator

Question 22.
Choose the correct pair.

I. a. iii, b. iv, e. ii, d. i
II. a. i, b. ii, e. iii, d. iv
III. a. ii b. iii, c.i, d. iv
IV. a. iv, b. i, c. Hi, d. ii
Answer:
I. a. iii, b. iv, c. ii, d. i

Question 23.
Distinguish between Kharif and Rabi cropping seasons.
Answer:

• In Kharif season, the sowing period is on the onset of moon and harvesting period is in the end of monsoon.
• In Rabi season, the sowing period is in the beginning of winter and harvesting period is in the beginning of summer.

Question 24.
In the production of petroleum, Digboi and Mumbai High are significant in different ways. How?
Answer:

• Petroleum mining started first in Digboi in Assam.
• Mumbai High is the largest oil field in India.

Question 25.
Which soil is suitable for the jute cultivation? Which is the major jute producing region?
Answer:

• Well drained alluvial soil.
• Ganga – Brahmaputra Delta in West Bengal.

Answer the following. Score 3 each

Question 1.
Write the geographical conditions for the cultivation of sugarcane. What is the significance of this crop?
Answer:
Sugarcane, which is a tropical crop requires hot and humid climate for growth. Black soil and alluvial soil are ideal.
Sugarcane is the raw material for sugar industry.

Question 2.
What are the geographical conditions for the cultivation of rice? ‘
Answer:

• Temperature: High temperature above 24°C.
• Rainfall: Annual rainfall above 150 cm.
• Soil: Alluvial soil.

Question 3.
Write the geographical conditions for the cultivation of wheat. Wheat cultivation in India is mainly dependent on irrigation. Why?
Answer:

• Wheat is a temperate crop.
• Temperature and rainfall: A temperature of 10°C to 26°C and an annual rainfall of 75 cm are needed.
• Soil: Well-drained alluvial soil is suitable.
• It is because wheat is a winter crop.

Question 4.
Which food crop is cultivated in both summer and winter in India? Write the geographical conditions for its cultivation.
Answer:

• Maize is cultivated in both winter and summer.
• 75 cm of average rainfall.
• Well-drained fertile soil is ideal.

Question 5.
What are the geographical conditions for the cultivation of tea?
Answer:

• Hill slopes are suitable for cultivation.
• Temperatures varying from 25°C to 30°C and an annual rainfall of 200 cm to 250 cm are desirable.
• Well-drained soil with rich humus content.

Question 6.
Write the geographical conditions required for rubber cultivation.
Answer:

• Temperature ranging above 25°C is required.
• Annual rainfall of over 150 cm is ideal.
• Laterite soil is ideal.

Question 7.
Mumbai is the largest cotton textile manufacturing centre in India. What are the reasons for this?
Answer:

• Easy availability of abundant raw materials from neighbouring regions.
• Cheap availability of power.
• Availability of freshwater.
• Export and import facilities of Mumbai port.
• Availability Of human resources.

Question 8.
What are the factors influencing the location of industries?
Answer:

• Availability of raw materials
• Availability of energy sources
• Transport facilities
• Nearness to ports
• Availability of freshwater
• Availability of human resources

Question 9.
List the following crops as Kharif rabi and said.
Maize, mustard, fruits, vegetables, wheat, jute
Answer:

• Kharif crops: maize, jute
• Rabi crops: mustard, wheat
• Zaid crops: fruits, vegetables

Question 10.
Classify the following crops as food crops, cash crops and plantation crops.
Rubber, cotton, wheat, sugarcane, coffee, rice
Answer:

• Food crops: wheat, rice
• Cash crops: cotton, sugarcane
• Plantation crops: rubber, coffee

Question 11.
Classify the following crops as tropical crops, fibre crops and beverage crops.
Tea, sugarcane, jute, rice, coffee, cotton
Answer:

• Tropical crops: sugarcane, rice
• Fibre crops: jute, cotton
• Beverage crops: tea, coffee.

Question 12.
Which are the major nuclear minerals and where are they found? Also write the names of nuclear power plants located in South India.
Answer:

• Humid climate.
• Uranium and thorium are the major nuclear minerals. Rich reserves of uranium are found in the states of Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Maharashtra.
• Thorium produced from ilmenite and monazite deposits are largely found in the coastal sands of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
• Nuclear power plants in South India: Kalpakkam and Koodamkulam in Tamil Nadu. Kaiga in Karnataka.

Question 13.
Which metropolitan cities are connected by ‘Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway What is its main feature? Name the department responsible for the construction of this road.
Answer:

• Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway connects the metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Kolkata, Delhi and Chennai.
• This is a six-lane superhighway.
• National Highway Authority of India is responsible.

Question 14.
What is the basis for the classification of railways in India as broad gauge, metre gauge and narrow gauge? Which rail gauge has the maximum length in India? Which guage tracks are replaced and how?
Answer:

• Railways is classified based on guage width of rails.
• Broad gauge track has maximum length of about 74%.
• Metre guage and narrow guage are replaced to broad guage.

Question 15.
The following statements are related to the cropping seasons in India. Identify the crop season and write one more feature of that season.
i. Rice is the main crop
ii. Wheat is the main crop
iii. Fruits are the main crop
Answer:
i. Kharif season : Sowing period is on the onset of mansoon and harvesting period is at the end of mansoon.
ii. Rabi season: Sowing period is at the beginning of winter and harvesting period is at the beginning of summer.
iii. Zaid season: Sowing period is at the beginning of summer and harvesting is at the beginning of monsoon.

Question 16.
India stands second in the world in jute production.
a. What are the geographical factors for the cultivation of jute?
b. Which is the major jute producing region in India?
c. Jute products have high demand in international market. Why?
Answer:
a. Hot and humid conditions are ideal for jute cultivation. High temperature and rainfall above 150 cm are essential for jute cultivation. Well drained alluvial soil is required.
b. The Ganga-Brahmaputra delta region of West Bengal is the major jute producing region.
c. Due to low cost.

Question 17.
Which crop is known as ‘Universal fibre’? What are the geographical conditions for its cultivation? What is the significance of this crop to India?
Answer:
Cotton is known as universal fibre because it is used world wide in the textile sector.
i. Frost-free growing season.
ii 20° C to 30°C temperature.
iii Small amount of annual rainfall.
iv. Black soil and alluvial soil are most suitable.
Cotton is the raw material for textile industry.  Cotton textile industry is the largest agro-based industry in India.

Question 18.
Answer the questions based on minerals in India.
a. Where are most of the mineral resources of India found?
b. Shimoga in Karnataka, Singhbhum in Jharkhand and Mayurbhanj in Odisha are the mining centers of a major metallic mineral. Which is that metallic mineral?
c. Manganese is a metallic mineral largely used in the iron and steel industry. Write another use of manganese.
Answer:
a. Most of the mineral resources of India are found in the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Peninsular plateau.
b. Iron ore.
c. Manganese is also used Jo make ferroalloys.

Question 19.
Answer the questions related to the iron and steel industries in India. Which is the largest private sector iron and steel plant in India? Where is it located?
ii. Which is the iron and steel plant established in collaboration with Britain in 1962? Where is it located?
iii. What is the main feature of Visweswarayya Iron and Steel Plant?
Answer:
i. Tata Iron and Steel Company, Jamshedpur in Jharkhand.
ii. Durgapur Steel Plant (Hindustan Steel Limited) in West Bengal.
iii. First Iron and Steel Plant in South India.

Question 20.
What is the significance of non-conventional sources of energy in the modern period? Which are the non-conventional energy sources in India?
Answer:

• Non-conventional energy sources are cheap, renewable and environment friendly.
• Solar energy, wind energy, wave energy, biogas.

Question 21.
Reforms have been implemented from time to time in Indian railways which is important for cargo as well as passenger transport. Write any three such reforms.
Answer:

• Meter guage and narrow guage tracks are replaced as broad guage.
• The steam engines have given way to diesel and electric locomotives.
• Metro rail projects are being established iii major cities.

Question 22.
The presence of mineral resources has made some regions industrial centre. Substantiate this statement based on any three iron and steel industrial centre of India.
Answer:

1. Bokaro Steel Plant, Jharkhand: The factors responsible for this industrial centre are iron ore and manganese from Singhbhum and coal from sharia.
2. Rourkela Steel Plant, Odisha: The factors are iron ore and manganese from Sundargarh and Mayurbhanj.
3. Visweswarayya Iron and Steel Ltd., Bhadravathi, Karnataka: The factors are iron ore and manganese deposits from Bellary, Chikmagalur and Shimoga in Karnataka.

Question 23.
Which are the regions in India where inland water transport is largely used?
Answer:

• Ganga – Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries.
• Godavari-Krishna rivers and their tributaries.
• Buckingham Canal of Andhra – Tamil Nadu region.

Question 24.
Complete the table as column A should indicate different types of minerals and column B their examples.

Answer:
a. Iron ore
b. Non – ferrous metals
c. Mineral fuels

Question 25.
Conventional energy sources are getting exhausted, Suggest suitable remedies indicating their relative advantages.
Answer:
Advantages

• The use of non-conventional sources of energy is the remedy.
• The sources of non-conventional energy are solar energy, wind energy, wave energy, tidal energy and biogas.
• Non-conventional energy sources are renewable.
• They are environment friendly.
• They are cheap.

Question 26.
Write a note in the possibilities of nuclear energy in India.
Answer:
Nuclear energy in India
Nuclear minerals: Uranium and thorium are the major nuclear minerals.
Mines: There are .rich reserves of uranium in Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. Thorium is produced from ilmenite and monazite deposits largely found in the coastal sands of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Nuclear power stations in India are :

• Tarapur, Maharashtra
• Kawabata, Rajasthan
• Kalpakkam and Koodamkulam, Tamil Nadu
• Kaiga, Karnataka
• Kakrapra, Gujarat
• Narora, Utter Pradesh

Question 27.
Elucidate the construction and management of State Highways, District Roads and village Roads.
Answer:
State Highways: State Highways are the major roads connecting the state capitals with the district headquarters. State governments are responsible for the construction and maintenance of such roads.

District Roads: District roads are those linking the district headquarters with the important places within the district. These roads are built and maintained by the district Panchayats.

Village Roads: Village roads are those ensuring the domestic movement within the villages. More than 80% of the roads in India are village roads. The construction and maintenance of such roads are done by the local self governments.

Question 28.
What is the significance of non – conventional sources of energy in the modern world? Suggest any two non – conventional sources of energy that can be used in Kerala.
Answer:

• Non – conventional sources of energy are
• Cheap
• Renewable ‘
• Environment friendly
• Non – conventional sources of energy that can be used in Kerala are solar energy, waves – tidal energy, wind energy and organic gases.

Question 29.
What are conventional source of energy? Their use is restricted. Why?
Answer:

• The mineral resources such as coal, petroleum, etc. are being harnessed for energy requirement since ages. Hence such energy sources are called conventional sources.
• The use of conventional energy sources are restricted due to the following.
• These are not renewable.
• These are getting exhausted.
• The burning of these fuels creates large scale environmental pollution.

Answer the following. Score 4 each

• Question 1.
  The map gives the distribution of the cultivation of a major crop in India.
  
  a. Which is the crop?
  b. What are the geographical conditions for its cultivation?
  c. Name the states leading in its production.
  Answer:
  a. Wheat

b. Temperature: 10°C to 26°C

• Annual rainfall: 75 cm
• Well drained alluvial soil is ideal.

c. The leading producers of wheat in India are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana.

Question 2.
Mark the following geoinformation in the given map.
a. The state which is the leading producer of sugarcane and sugar.
b. The state which is the leading producer of tea in India.
c. The largest centre of cotton textile industry.
d. The steel plant established at Sundargarh in Odisha in collaboration with Germany in 1959.

Answer:
a. Uttar Pradesh
b. Assam
c. Mumbai
d. Rourkela Iron and Steel Plant (Hindustan Steel Limited)

Question 3.
What is the importance of agriculture in Indian economy?
Answer:

• India is an agrarian country.
• Three fourth of the people of India depend on agriculture and related occupations for livelihood.
• Agriculture sector is the source of raw materials for many industries.
• It makes the food basket rich.

Question 4.
Write a note on the agricultural seasons of India and the crops cultivated.
Answer:

• India has three agricultural or cropping seasons:
• Kharif season: The sowing period at the beginning of monsoon in June and harvesting period by the end of monsoon in the early days of November. The major crops of this period are rice, maize, cotton, jute, etc.
• Rabi season: The sowing period is by the beginning of winter in mid-November and harvesting period by the beginning of summer in March. The major crops of this period are wheat, tobacco, mustard, etc.
• Zaid season: The period when the cultivation is started by the beginning of summer and harvested by the beginning of monsoon. The major crops are fruits and vegetables.

Question 5.
Compared to road transport, what are the advantages of rail, water and air transport?
Answer:
Each means of transport has its own advantage. Road transport links the rural and urban centres scattered throughout the country. But the other means of transport have certain advantages over road transport.

Rail transport

• Important for cargo as well as passenger transport.
• Plays a decisive role in industrial development.
• Suitable for long distance travel and cargo.

Water transport

• Cheapest means of transport.
• Suitable for large scale cargo transport.
• Does not cause environmental pollution.
• Most ideal for international trade.

Air transport

• Suitable for rugged terrain and in places which cannot be reached by roads and railways.
• Most speedy form of transport.

Question 6.
Which are the raw materials required for iron and steel industries? Are all the major iron and steel industries located where all raw materials are available? Why do you think is the reason for their location in those places?
Answer:
The raw materials required for iron and steel industries are iron ore, coal, manganese and limestone.
The major iron and steel industries of India are located in places where raw materials are available in plenty. The Chotanagpur plateau and the Damodar valley of Peninsular plateau including the states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal are the mineral belts of India.

The coal from Damodar valley, iron ore from Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Jharkhand, manganese from Odisha, hydroelectricity from Hirakud and Damodar valley projects, thermal power from the thermal power stations of Damodar belt, nearness to Kolkata port, good road and railway network, availability of fresh water and easy availability of human resources are the factors for the location of iron and steel industries in the northeast of Peninsular India. The cost of production can be reduced by setting up industrial units here.

Question 7.
Agro-based industries and mineral-based industries are mainly concentrated in the Great Northern Plains and Peninsular Plateau respectively. Explain.
Answer:
Industries are formed in areas where locational factors are favourable. The agricultural operations in India are mainly done in North Indian plains. Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer of sugarcane in India. Naturally, the sugar industries are concentrated in these areas. Jute is produced in West Bengal, Assam and Odisha. As a result, jute industries are located in these areas. Cotton textile industry is the largest agro-based industry in India. It is concentrated in the cotton producing states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, etc.

In India, the minerals are mainly mined from the north east, south east and central parts of “Peninsular plateau. As a result, a large number of mineral based industries are concentrated here. The major minerals mined from here are iron ore, manganese, coal, limestone, bauxite, copper and mica. Mineral based industries are concentrated in the states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Andhra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

Question 8.
Answer the questions based on the network of roads in India.
a. Which category of road is the most in India? Who constructs and maintains these roads?
b. Which category of roads links state capitals. and major cities? Who is responsible for the construction and management of these roads?
c. Which are the places linked by State Highways?
Answer:
a. Morethan 80% of the roads in India are village roads. The construction and mainte¬nance of these roads are done by the local self-government.

b. National Highways link the state capitals and major cities. The Union Ministry is responsible for the construction and management of these roads.

c. State Highways connect the state capitals with the district headquarters.

Question 9.
In which states and coastal plains are the following ports situated?
a. Paradweep
b. Mangalore
c. Tuticorin
d. Kandla
Answer:

Question 10.
Which is the largest mineral based industry in India? Write the features of this industry using the hints given.
Hints:
Raw materials
Locational factors
Mining possibilities
Answer:

• Iron and steel industry is the largest mineral-based industry in India.
• Raw materials: Iron ore, coal, manganese, limestone and dolomite.
• Locational factors: Availability of raw materials, transportation facilities, availability of water, export facilities, availability of labour, cheap availability of power, etc.
• Mining possibilities: Iron is extracted from iron ore. Nearly 20% of the total iron ore reserves in the world is in India. The major mining centres of iron ore in India are :
  Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj – Odisha Singhbhum – Jharkhand Bellary, Chikmagalur – Karnataka
• Manganese: This is a metallic mineral largely used in the iron and steel industry. Odisha, Karnataka and Maharashtra are the leading producers.
• Coal: This is the major source of thermal power in India. West Bengal, Jharkhand and Odisha are the major producing states.

Question 11.
Hints about two agricultural crops of India are given. Identify the crops and write the geographical conditions for their cultivation.
A. Cultivated in hill slopes with well-drained soil rich in humus content.
B. The raw material for the largest agro-based industry in India.
Answer:

A.Tea:

• 25°C to 30°C of temperature.
• Annual rainfall range of200 to 250 cm.
• Well-drained soil rich in humus content.

B. Cotton:

• 20°C to 30°C of temperature.
• Small amount of annual rainfall.
• Black soil and alluvial soil.

Question 12.
Identify the regions where the following agricultural crops are cultivated. Also write the geographical conditions for their cultivation.
Rubber
Coffee
Answer:
Rubber: Rubber is mainly cultivated in Kerala. Certain parts of Tamil Nadu and the Andaman Nicobar Islands have small scale rubber cultivation. Rubber cultivation requires temperature above 25°C and rainfall of more than 150cm. Laterite soil is suitable.

Coffee: Coffee plantations of India are confined to the Western Ghat ranges of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Two-third of the total production is from Karnataka. Moderate temperature and high rainfall are required for coffee cultivation.

Question 13.
Write the reason for the following.
Rice is cultivated widely in Kerala, but wheat is not cultivated.
Hint: Answer based on geographical requirements.
Answer:
Rice requires high temperature (above 24°C) and a good amount of rainfall (more than 150cm). These conditions favour rice cultivation in Kerala. But wheat is cultivated mainly in temperate regions. It requires 10°C to 26°C temperature and 75cm of rainfall for its cultivation. These conditions are not present in Kerala, which is a tropical region.

Alluvial soil is suitable for rice cultivation. Well drained alluvial soil is ideal for wheat cultivation. Kerala which receives more than 200cm rainfall does not have well drained alluvial soil.
Since the above mentioned geographical factors are not present in Kerala, wheat is not cultivated here.

Question 14.
The iron and steel industries of India are located at places with raw material availability. Explain.
Answer:

Question 15.
Indian roads are classified based on the construction and management. Explain.
Answer:
Based on construction and management, roads in India are classified into four;
1. National Highways: The major roads in the country linking the state capitals, major cities and ports. The Union Ministry is responsible for their construction and management.

2. State Highways: The major roads in a state connecting the state capitals with the district headquarters. State governments are responsible for their construction and management.

3. District Roads: Roads linking the district headquarters with the important places within the district. These roads are built and maintained by district panchayaths.

4. Village Roads: Roads which ensure domestic movement within the villages. These roads are constructed and maintained by local self government.

Question 16.
Rice and wheat are the major food crops of India. But the geographical conditions required for their cultivation are different. Write these differences.
Answer:

• Rice requires high temperature of above 24°C and a good amount of rainfall, more than 150cm. But wheat requires 10° to 26°C temperature and 75cm of rainfall.
• Alluvial soil is suitable for both the crops. But wheat requires well drained alluvial soil.
• Rice is a Kharif crop while wheat is rabi crop.
• Rice is a tropical crop while wheat is a temperate crop.

Question 17.
Which ore the nuclear minerals and the state where they are found in India? Which are the nuclear power plants in India?
Answer:
Uranium and thorium are the major nuclear minerals. There are rich reserves of uranium in the states of Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. Thorium is produced from limestone and monazite deposits largely found in the coastal sands of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

The nuclear power plants in India:

• Tarapur, Maharashtra.
• Rawatbhata, Rajasthan.
• Kalpakkam and Koodamkulam, Tamil Nadu.
• Kaiga, Karnataka.
• Kakrapaara, Gujarat.
• Narora, Uttar Pradesh.

Question 18.
Non-conventional sources of energy are utilised today in the place of conventional sources of energy. Why?
Answer:

Question 19.
Examine the advantages of water transport in India. Also write the major waterways in India. ,
Answer:
Advantages of water transport:

• The cheapest means of transport.
• Suitable for large scale cargo transport.
• Does not cause environmental pollution.
• Most suited for international trade.
• Waterways in India: Inland water transport and marine transport are the two classifications.

Inland water transport: Water bodies like rivers, lakes and canals are used for inland water transport.

• Inland water transport in India is largely concentrated in,
• Ganga-Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries.
• Godavari-Krishna rivers and their tributaries.
• Buckingham canal of Andhra-Tamil Nadu region.
• Mandovi and Zuvari rivers of Goa.
• Backwaters of Kerala.

National Waterways of India

• NW 1: Allahabad to Haldia in river Ganga (1620 km)
• NW 2: Sadia to Dubri in river Brahmaputra (891 km)
• NW 3: West Coast Canal in Kerala from Kollam to Kottappuram (205 km)
• NW4: Canal from Kakinada to Puducherry linking Godavari-Krishna (1095km)
• NW 5: Brahmani – Mahanadi delta river system linked to east-coast canal (623 km)

Marine transport: There are about 12 major and 185 minor ports situated in the west and east coasts of India. These ports have great significance in international trade.

Question 20.
Write the relevance of inland water transport in India.
Answer:

• In India, water bodies like rivers, lakes and canals are used for inland water transport.
• Inland water transport is used for passenger and cargo transport.
• Suitable for fishing.
• Utilized for tourism.

Answer the following. Score 5/6 each

Question 1.
Which are the major food crops of India? Write the climatic conditions for their cultivation. Name the states leading in their production also.
Answer:
The crops which can be directly consumed as food are food crops.

Question 2.
Prepare a note Of any three cash crops cultivated in India, the geographical conditions for their cultivation and the states
leading in ‘heir cultivation.
Answer:
Cash crops are those having industrial and commercial significance. These are the raw- materials for agro based industries. Cotton, jute and sugarcane are the major cash crops.

Sugarcane: Sugarcane, a tropical crop, requires hot and humid climate, requires hot and humid climate.
Alluvial soil and black soil are suitable. The leading sugarcane producing state is Uttar Pradesh followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Sugar and jaggery are produced from sugarcane.

Cotton: Cotton is a fibre crop. Cotton requires frost-free growing season, 20°C to 30°C temperature and small amount of rainfall.
Black soil and alluvial soil are suitable. Maharashtra and Gujarat are the leading producers. Cotton is the raw material for cotton textile industry.

Jute: Jute is also a fibre crop. Hot and humid conditions are ideal for its cultivation. High temperature and rainfall above 150 cm are essential. Well drained alluvial soil is required. The Ganga-Brahmaputra delta region of West . Bengal is the major jute producing region.

Question 3.
By analysing the various means of transportation, prepare a seminar on the topic ‘ ‘Influence of transportation on the life of the people of India. ’
Answer:
Seminar
Topic: ‘Influence of transportation on the life of the people of India.’
Transport routes are considered as the lifeline of a nation. They connect different comers of the country and bring people together. Efficient mode of transport is essential for ensuring the infrastructure in the areas of production and to bring the products to the consumers.The role played by transportation routes in the process of urbanization, in addition to industrialisation is decisive.

Transportation helped in linking rural and urban areas and expediting the process of urbanization. Modes of transport are selected in accordance with the physical characteristics of each region. The various means of transportation in India are discussed below.

Road transport: Road transport is the most important means to link the rural and urban centres scattered throughout the country. India is one of the countries of the world with a broad network of roads. The influence of topography is decisive in the building and development of roads. Road networks are mainly found in the Northern Plains, the coastal plains and in the Deccan Plateau. But road network is comparatively less in the Himalay an region and in the North-Eastern states. In India roads are classified based on the construction and management.

• National Highways: The major roads in the country that link state capitals, major cities and ports. Construction and management of these roads are done by the Union Ministry.
• State Highways: They are the major roads in a state and link state capitals with district headquarters. The construction and maintenance are done by the State Governments.
• District Roads: These link district headquarters with important places within a district. The construction and maintenance are done by District Panchayats.
• Rural Roads: Village roads ensure domestic movement. These are constructed and maintained by local self government.

Golden Quadrangle Super Highway is the six lane superhighways, connecting the metropolitan, cities of Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai. The National Highway Authority oflndia is responsible for such roads.

Railways: India has the largest network of railways in Asia. It is the suitable means of transport for both the passenger and heavy’ cargo transport. Railway network is seen more in Great Plains, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. For administrative convenience, the Indian Railway is divided into 16 zones. Metro rail projects are being established in cities

Water transport: The cost of construction and maintenance of water transport routes is less compared to that of road and railway networks. Moreover, this does not cause environmental pollution. It is suitable for large scale cargo transport. Rivers, canals and long coastline increase the possibility of water transport in India. Water transport is divided into marine transport and inland water-transport. Transportation through the rivers and lakes inside the land is known as inland water transport.

India’s inland water transport is concentrated in the river Ganga, Brahmaputra and in their tributaries, river Godavari-Krishna and in tributaries, in Buckingham canals of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, river Mandovi and river Suvari in Goa and in the backwaters of Kerala. India has a long coastline. The west and east coasts of India have immense potential for marine transport. The 12 major ports and 185 minor ports on the east and west coasts of India play a decisive role in international trade and in the country’s economy.

Airways: Airways are the most speedy and the most expensive mode of transportation. In rug¬ged terrain and in places which cannot be reached by roads and railways, airways are the only means of transportation. The air traffic in India is under the control of the Airport Authority of India. There are 126 airports including 11 international airports under this establishment. The international services are handled by Air India and domestic flights by Indian Airlines. A number of private companies also operate flight service. Means of transport thus play a decisive role in the economic progress, cultural unity and national integration.

Question 4.
Give an account of the iron and steel industries in India.
Answer:
The following are the iron and steel industries in India.
i. Tata Iron and Steel Company(TISCO) :
if was established in 1907 at Jamshedpur by Jamshedji Tata. This is the largest private-sector iron and steel plant. It is in the state of Jharkhand.

ii. Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited (VISL): This plant was set up in 1923 at Bhadravati in Shimoga district of Karnataka. It is the first iron and steel plant in South India.

iii. Bhilai steel plant: It is in Durg in Chhattisgarh state. It was established in collaboration with Russia in 1959. This plant mainly produces railway sleepers and beams.

iv. Durgapur steel plant: It is in Durgapur in Burdwan district of West Bengal. It was established in collaboration with Britain in 1962.

v. Rourkela steel plant: It is at Rourkela in the Sundergarh distriót of Odisha. It was established in collaboration with Germany in
1959.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 9 Financial Institutions and Services

Answer the following. Score 1 each

Choose the correct answer

Question 1.
Which of the following has the power to regulate the financial institutions in India?
Commercial banks
Reserve Bank of India
Ministry of Finance
Answer:
Reserve Bank of India

Question 2.
The banks established in 1975 to provide banking services in rural areas.
NABARD
Regional Rural Banks
Co-operative Banks
Answer:
Regional Rural Banks

Question 3.
The deposit that allows to deposit and withdraw money many times in a day.
Current deposit
Recurring deposit
Saving deposit
Answer:
Current deposit

Question 4.
Industrial Finance Corporation of India is an example for
Commercial Banks
Development Banks
Non Banking Financial Institution
Answer:
Development Banks

Question 5.
An example for specialised bank in India
NABARD
Bharatiya Mahila bank
Mudra bank
Answer:
NABARD

Question 6.
Kudumbasree and Self Help Groups for men are examples for
Co-operative bank
Non banking finance company
Micro finance
Answer:
Micro finance

Question 7.
Which of the following is not related to primary co-operative banks?
Area of functioning is limited
Apex body in the state co-operative sector.
Function in villages
Answer:
Apex body in the state co-operative sector.

Question 8.
The deposit not accepted by commercial banks
Current deposit
Share deposit
Saving deposit
Answer:
Share deposit

Question 9.
Which of the following is not a function of RBI?
Printing of notes
Controlling credit
Banker’s bank
Accepting deposits
Answer:
Accepting deposits

Question 10.
Which is true about current deposit?
High interest rate
Low interest rate
No interest
Receive deposits monthly
Answer:
No interest

Question 11.
The aim of MUDRA Bank.
Women empowerment
Loan to small scale entrepreneurs
Construction of house
Provide high rate of interest
Answer:
Loan to small scale entrepreneurs

Question 12.
Example for micro finance.
Kudumbasree
K.S.F.E.
L.I.C.
U.T. I.
Answer:
Kudumbasree

Question 13.
The deposit that does not receive any interest.
Saving deposit
Current deposit
Fixed deposit
Recurring deposit
Answer:
Current deposit

Question 14.
The banks which have been established to help low income groups, small scale industrialists and migrant labourers.
MUDRA bank
Development banks
Payment banks
Co-operative banks
Answer:
Payment banks

Question 15.
Name any two commercial banks.
Answer:

1. State Bank of India
2. Allahabad Bank

Question 16.
Which among the following is not an aim of co-operative banks?
Provide loans to public.
Protect the villagers from private money lenders.
Provide long-term loans for the modernization of industries.
Encourage saving habit.
Answer:
Provide long-term loans for the modernization of industries.

Question 17.
Write one feature of the EXIM Bank of India.
Answer:
Provides loans for exporting and importing products.

Question 18.
Commercial banks provide its current account holders a facility to withdraw money over and above the balance in the account. Identify the name of this facility.
Answer:
Overdraft

Question 19.
Co-operation, self help and mutual help are the working principles of
Commercial banks
Co-operative banks
NABARD
Answer:
Co-operative banks

Question 20.
Which among the following deposits receives the highest rate of interest?
Savings deposit
Fixed deposit
Recurring deposit
Answer:
Fixed deposit

Question 21.
The banker to the Central and State Governments in India.
Bank of India
Reserve Bank of India
State Bank of India
Answer:
Reserve Bank of India

Question 22.
‘Women empowerment is India’s empowerment ’ was the slogan of
MUDRA Bank
Bharatiya Mahila Bank
State Bank of India
Answer:
Bharatiya Mahila Bank

Question 23.
The deposit that does not receive any interest
Savings deposit
Fixed deposit
Current deposit
Recurring deposit
Answer:
Current deposit

Question 24.
Which of the following bank was not merged with SBI in 2017?
Bharatiya Mahila Bank
State Bank of Travancore
State Bank of Mysore
MUDRA Bank
Answer:
MUDRA Bank

Question 25.
The major financial institution in India working for the protection of individuals life and health.
Answer:
Life Insurance Corporation of India

Question 26.
The biggest bank in India
Answer:
State Bank of India

Complete the statement suitably

Question 1.
In India, the ………………… issues one rupee note and subsidiary coins.
Answer:
Finance Ministry

Question 2.
……………. are the institutions that undertake financial transactions like deposit and loan.
Answer:
Financial institutions

Question 3.
The banks which are registered in India but have their headquarters abroad are called ………………………..
Answer:
Private foreign banks

Question 4.
The banks that are set up in 1975 to provide banking services to rural areas are ……………………
Answer:
Regional Rural Ranks

Question 5
…………………. banks are the oldest banks and have many branches.
Answer:
Commercial

Question 6.
The deposit that does not offer any interest is …………………
Answer:
current deposit

Question 7.
The interest on ……………….. is more than the interest on deposit.
Answer:
loan

Question 8.
………………. helps customers to withdraw money without stepping into the banks.
Answer:
ATM

Question 9.
Banks offer ………………. to keep costly articles of their customers.
Answer:
locker facility

Question 10.
The first insurance company of India was set up in 1818 in ………………….
Answer:
Kolkata

Answer in a sentence each

Question 1.
Which institution in India has the sole right to print currency?
Answer:
Reserve Bank of India

Question 2.
How can we distinguish the currency notes of India from the currency notes of other countries?
Answer:
All the currency notes in India bear the emblem of the Reserve Bank of India.

Question 3.
Name the Central Bank in India.
Answer:
The Reserve Bank of India

Question 4.
Which is the first modem bank in India?
Answer:
Bank of Hindustan started in 1770

Question 5.
What was the major factor that led to bank nationalization in India?
Answer:
The view that banks should operate with the objective of social progress.

Question 6.
What were the reforms that occurred in banking sector in 1969 and 1980?
Answer:
14 banks were nationalized in 1969 and 6 banks were nationalized in 1980.

Question 7.
In which deposit is a certain amount deposited monthly for a fixed period?
Answer:
Recurring deposit

Question 8.
How do banks mobilize sum to give as loans?
Answer:
By accepting deposits from the public.

Question 9.
Name the facility that banks provide to send money from one place to another without the help of bank account.
Answer:
Demand draft

Question 10.
What is plastic money?
Answer:
Without keeping money in hand, all monetary requirements can be fulfilled by using cards. Such cards are called plasting money.

Answer the following. Score 2 each

Question 1.
Which are the institutions in India that issue currency notes and coins?
Answer:

• In India, the Reserve Bank of India issues all currency notes except one rupee and subsidiary coins.
• The Ministry of Finance issues one rupee note and subsidiary coins.

Question 2.
What is the criteria followed by RBI to issue note?
Answer:
The proportional value of gold and foreign exchange is kept as reserve for issuing notes of a particular amount.

Question 3.
How does the availability money supply increase in Indian economy?
Answer:

• Distribution of printed currency by RBI.
• Through credit creation by RBI.

Question 4.
How does RBI act as banker to government?
Answer:

• RBI accepts deposits from central and state governments and sanctions loans to them.
• It also renders other banking services to them.

Question 5.
Why is RBI called the bankers’ bank?
Or
Which bank in India is called Banker’s bank? Why is it called so?
Answer:

• Reserve Bank of India is called Banker’s bank.
• RBI advises and assists all banks in their operations.
• RBI acts as the last resort to all banks in their financial matters.

Question 6.
What is the main revenue of the banks?
Answer:
Banks accept deposits and give interest for it Similarly banks impose interest on loans. The rate of interest on loans will be higher than the rate of interest on deposits. The difference between these interests is the main revenue of the banks.

Question 7.
What was the speciality of the first phase of the growth of banks in India?
Answer:

• The first phase of the growth of banking in India was from 1770 to bank nationalization.
• The growth and operations of bank were slow during this phase.

Question 8.
Why did the number of nationalized banks decrease from 20 to 19?
Answer:

• In 1993, New Bank of India, the nationalized bank, was merged with Punjab National Bank.
• There are only 19 nationalized banks today.

Question 9.
Why are banks classified differently though they basically perform the same functions?
Answer:
Banks differ in their operations, though all of them basically perform the same functions. Based on the operations, banks are classifiedas commercial banks, co-operative banks, development banks and specialized banks.

Question 10.
Complete the sundiagram showing the deposits accepted by commercial banks.

Answer:

Question 11.
Write the peculiarities of New Generation Banks. How do they differ from the other banks?
Answer:
The private banks which are given license after 1991, in the third phase of the growth of banking sector are called New Generation Banks. They introduced new and innovative functions at a much quicker pace. These banks adopted new trends in banking sector like ATM, credit card, phone banking, net banking and core banking. They have also adopted steps to make the proceedings easy and simple.

Question 12.
The name of a nationalized bank is given. Add more to the list.
State Bank of India
Answer:

• Canara Bank
• Union Bank of India
• Indian Bank
• Indian Overseas Bank

Question 13.
What are the purposes for which commercial banks provide cash credit to public?
Answer:
Commercial banks provide cash credit for

• Agriculture
• Industry
• House construction
• Purchase of vehicle
• Purchase of home appliances

Question 14.
Whom do Regional Rural Banks give loans to?
Answer:

• Small farmers
• Agricultural labourers
• Small entrepreneurs

Question 15.
Why do banks not give interest on Current deposits?
Answer:
In current deposit scheme, money can be deposited and withdrawn many times in a day without any restrictions. Normally, traders and industrialists deposit money in this scheme. The banks do not offer any interest to this deposit because banks do not get the time to make use of the amount in this deposit profitably.

Question 16.
How is current deposit more beneficial to traders and industrialists?
Answer:
Normally, traders and industrialists deposit money in current deposit scheme. Banks allow the customer to deposit and withdraw money many times in a day without any restriction. Banks do not provide such a facility to any other deposit.

Question 17.
What are the factors that bring about difference in the rate of interest on loans?
Answer:

• Tenure of loan
• Mode of repayment
• Reason for taking loan

Question 18.
How does telegraphic transfer differ from mail transfer?
Answer:

• Mail transfer:
  Mail transfer is a system in which money can be transferred from any part of the world to one’s own account or to someone else’s account.
• Telegraphic transfer:
  The mechanism wh ich can transfer money through a message. It is faster than mail transfer.

Question 19.
What details are included in ATM cards?
Answer:

• Number of card
• Name of the bank
• Emblem of the bank
• Name of the customer

Question 20.
What are the advantages of credit card system?
Answer:

• Consumers can purchase goods with the help of credit card, without having to keep money on person.
• Consumers can purchase goods using credit card even without having sufficient money in their account. The money has to be remitted to the bank later within a specific period.

Question 21.
What are the two new trends in banking?
Answer:

1. Electronic banking
2. Core banking

Question 22.
How is core banking helpful to customers?
Answer:
In core banking, all the branches of the banks are brought under a central server to enable transaction from one bank to another. By using this facility, a customer can send money from his bank account to his friend’s account else where.

Question 23.
What are the working principles of Co-operative banks?
Answer:

• Co-operation
• Self help
• Mutual help

Question 24.
What was the slogan of Bharatiya Mahila bank? Which section of people benefited from it more?
Answer:

• Slogan : Women Empowerment is India’s Empowerment.
• The bank accepts money from all, but provides loans mainly to women.

Question 25.
Write the aims of Mudra bank?
Answer:

• Established to give short term loans.
• Gives financial help to microfinance and small entrepreneurs.

Question 26.
Write examples for Mutual Fund operating in public sector
Answer:

• Unit Trust of India
• SBI Mutual Fund

Question 27.
What are commercial banks?
Answer:
The banks which accept deposits from public and lend money for commercial, industrial and agricultural purposes subject to certain conditions are called commercial banks. They are the oldest banks and have many branches. These banks play a decisive role in the financial activities of a country.

Question 28.
What are public sector commercial banks?
Answer:
The banks which are owned by the government are called public sector commercial banks. Their functions are controlled by RBI. Public sector commercial banks in India include State Bank of India and its associate banks, nationalized banks and Regional Rural banks.

Question 29.
Explain the following.
a. Private Indian commercial banks
b. Private foreign commercial banks
Answer:
a. Private Indian commercial banks are owned by private individuals. These banks operate under the control of RBI.
b. Banks owned by private individuals and registered in India, with their headquarters abroad are called private foreign commercial banks. These also operate under the control of RBI.

Question 30.
Accepting deposits is an important function of commercial banks. Can you prepare a flow chart showing the different deposits accepted by the banks?

Answer:
a. Savings deposit
b. Current deposit
c. Fixed deposit
d. Recurring deposit

Question 31.
Examine the role of NABARD in rural development.
Answer:

• NABARD is the apex bank which functions for agricultural and village development.
• Co-ordinates all the banks working for development of villages.
• Provides financial assistance to agriculture, small scale industries, handicrafts, etc.

Question 32.
Examine how the role of insurance companies is helpful to the society?
Answer:

• Insurance companies are institutions that provide financial protection to individuals’ life and wealth.
• They assure social security and personal welfare.

Question 33.
Choose two features of non banking financial institutions from the following.
a. Do not provide the facility of withdrawal of cash by cheque.
b. The facility to deposit and withdraw money using ATM.
c. Demand draft facility is provided to send money from one place to another.
d. Locker and mail transfer facilities are not provided.
Answer:
a. Do not provide the facility of withdrawal of cash by cheque.
d. Locker and mail transfer facilities are not provided.

Question 34.
Different types of banks and their examples are given in columns A and B. Choose their correct order.

A – i and ii are correct
B – i and iii are correct
C – ii and iii are correct
D – All are correct
Answer:
i and ii are correct

Question 35.
Classify the following banks based on their functions.

• NABARD
• Industrial Finance Corporation of India
• State Bank of India
• Primary Co-operative Bank

Answer:

• NABARD – Specialised bank
• Industrial Finance Corporation of India – Development bank
• State Bank of India – Commercial bank
• Primary Co-operative Bank – Co-operative bank

Question 36.
Complete the flow chart related to commercial banks.

Answer:

Question 37.
Which are the major microfinance institutions working in Kerala?
Answer:

• Kudumbasree
• Men Self Help Groups

Answer the following. Score 3 each

Question 1.
Complete the sundiagram on the functions of the Reserve Bank of India.

Answer:
a. Printing of currency
b. Controlling of credit
c. Banker to Government

Question 2.
Control of credit is an important function of RBI. Explain.
Or
What is the influence of control of credit in the economy?
Answer:
The control of credit is an important function of RBI. The RBI increases the money supply in Indian economy through the distribution of printed currency and through credit creation. This is made possible by bringing about changes in the rate of interest. As rate of interest increases, volume of loans decreases and vice versa.

Question 3.
Which were the banks established in the first phase of the growth of banks in India? What was the peculiarity of this period?
Answer:

• The first phase in the growth of banks in India stretches from 1770 to bank nationalization (1969).
• In this phase, the English East India Company established the Presidency Banks of Bank of Bengal, Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras.
• The growth and operations of the banksin this phase were slow.

Question 4.
What were the main changes in the second phase of the growth of banks in India?
Answer:

• The second phase of the growth of banks from 1969 to 1990, witnessed a speedy development of banks.
• The view that banks should operate with the aim of social progress led to bank nationalization in 1969.
• 14 banks with assets worth more than ₹ 50 crores were nationalized in 1969 and 6 more banks were nationalized in 1980.

Question 5.
What is overdraft? To whom do the banks give this facility?
Or
Explain the grounds under which over drafts are issued.
Answer:

• Overdraft is a type of loan given by commer¬cial banks to customers. This facility enables a customer to withdraw money over and above the balance in his account.
• Banks give this facility to individuals who have frequent transactions with the bank.
• Generally this facility is provided to those who maintain current deposits. Bank charges interest for the additional amount.

Question 6.
Banking operations became easy and people friendly with core hanking. Explain.
Answer:

• Core banking is a banking facility under which the branches of all the banks are brought under a central server so that banking services from one bank to another is made possible. It operates with the help of internet.
• Facilities like ATM, debit card, credit card, net banking, telebanking, mobile banking, etc. are brought together through core banking. Naturally transactions have become simple.
• Making use of this facility, an individual can send money from his account to his friend’s account else where.

Question 7.
What are the things to be followed while using ATM cards?
Answer:

• Make sure that there is no one at the counter.
• Do not disclose your ATM pin code number to anyone.
• Assure the balance amount on receiving the receipt money withdrawal. Do not throw away the receipt carelessly.

Question 8.
Write the features of NABARD.
Answer:
The institutions that give financial assistance for the development of certain specific sectors are called specialised banks. NABARD is a specialised bank. Its features are:

• The apex bank in India which functions for the development of villages and agriculture.
• Co-ordinates all banks working for the development of villages.
• Provides financial assistance to agriculture, handicrafts and small scale industries.

Question 9.
What are non – banking financial institutions? What are the services not provided by non banking financial institutions compared to banking institutions?
Answer:
Non banking financial institutions operate in the financial sector but do not perform all the functions of a bank. They perform the basic functions of banks such as accepting deposits and lending loans. But they do not provide the following services.

• Withdrawal of cash using cheques
• Mail transfer
• Locker facilities

Question 10.
Which is the major non banking financial company operating in Kerala? What are the services they provide?
Answer:
Kerala State Financial Enterprises (KSFE)
Services

• Operate chitties
• Provide Housing loan
• Provide Gold loan
• Provide loans for Hire purchase

Question 11.
Mutual fund helps common man to overcome the constraints in investing money in share market. Explain.
Answer:
Mutual fund is a mode of investment. Common man is not always able to invest in share market directly. Mutual fund helps investors to overcome this constraint. Money is mobilized from various investors and is invested in share markets, debentures, etc. The profit or loss resulting from this is distributed among the investors.

Question 12.
Write the difference between life insurance company and non – life insurance company. Write example for each.
Answer:
Life Insurance Company :
Life insurance companies are institutions that provide security to life, health and property of individuals. Eg. Life Insurance Corporation of India.

Non – Life insurance companies :
These are institutions that provide security to individuals from the loss incurred due to accident and natural calamity. Eg. General insurance companies

Question 13.
Write the features of savings deposit.
Answer:

• A scheme that helps the public to deposit their savings.
• It offers low rate of interest.
• Depositors can withdraw money from the deposit subject to restrictions.

Question 14.
Usually banks lend to public by accepting certain collaterals. Which are the collaterals accepted by banks?
Answer:

• Physical assets like gold, title deed of property
• Salary certificate
• Fixed deposit certificate

Question 15.
How do the co-operative banks in your area help the public?
Answer:

• Provide monetary help to common people especially the villagers.
• Provide services to farmers, artisans, small scale entrepreneurs, etc.
• Provide loans to the public
• Protect the villagers from private money lenders.
• Provide loans at low interest rate
• Encourage saving habit among people.

Question 16.
Examine the statements related to specialised banks and choose the correct one.
A. Provides financial assistance to agriculture, handicraft and small scale industries.
B. Provides loans for exporting and importing products.
Hints:
a. A and B are the features of EXIM Bank of India.
b. A and B are the features of NABARD.
c. A is the feature of EXIM bank of India and B is the feature of NABARD.
d. A is the feature of NABARD and B is the feature of EXIM Bank of India.
Answer:
d. A is the feature of NABARD and B is the feature of EXIM Bank of India.

Question 17.
Answer the following questions related to money supply.
i. How does the money supply increase in Indian economy?
ii. Whose function is the control of credit?
iii. How is the control of credit made, possible?
Answer:
i. Money supply increases in Indian economy through the distribution of printed currency and through credit creation.
ii. Control of credit is the function of RBI.
iii. Control of credit is the made possible by bringing about changes in the rate of interest. As rate of interest increases, volume of loans decreases. As rate of interest decreases, volume of loans increases.

Question 18.
What are the differences and similarities between banks and non – banking financial institutions?
Answer:
Similarities

• Banks; Banks accept deposits from the public and grant loans to the needy subject to conditions. They operate on the basis of the general guidelines and conditions set by the Reserve Bank of India. ,
• Non banking financial institutions: They do basic banking functions like accepting deposits and lending loans. They also operate under the guidelines of RBI.

Differences

• Banks provide services like withdrawal of cash by cheque, mail transfer and locker facilities.
• Non banking financial institutions do not’ provide services like withdrawal of cash by cheque, mail transfer and locker facilities.

Question 19.
What are the features of fixed deposit?
Answer:
Features of fixed deposit:
Fixed deposits are ideal for depositing money for a specific period of time. The interest is high. Interest rate is calculated on the basis of the time period for which the money is deposited. Deposits could be withdrawn after maturity. If the money is withdrawn only after the completion of the specific period of time, then the specified interest rate will be provided. If the amount is withdrawn before the maturity of deposits, then the interest rate will be lower.

Question 20.
How is electronic banking helpful to customers?
Answer:
Electronic banking is a method by which all transactions can be carried out through net banking and tele banking. Any time banking, anywhere banking, net banking and mobile banking are part of electronic banking. The assistance of the bank employees is not required.

• Customers can send money and bills can be paid anywhere in the world from home.
• Save time
• Low service charge

Question 21.
Common people are not always able to invest in the share market directly. Write two examples of public sector institutions that help them in this matter. How do these institutions help the investors?
Answer:

• Life Insurance Corporation Mutual Fund
• SBI Mutual Fund.
  • The mutual fund institutions collect money from various investors and invest in share markets, debentures, etc. The profit or loss from this is distributed among investors.

Answer the following. Score 4 each

Question 1.
Write note on the functions of banks based on the hints in the diagram

Answer:
Banks are those institutions which accept deposit . from the public and grant loans to the needy subject to conditions. Banks pay interest to deposits accepted from people, institutions and government. Banks lend out money received as deposits to people, institutions and government. Banks collect the loan amount with interest. Thus banks act as financial intermediary by collecting the loan amount with interest to give back the deposit with interest.

Question 2.
Explain the functions of the Reserve Bank of India.
Answer:
Reserve Bank is the Central Bank of India. It was established in .1935 and its headquarters is in Mumbai. It is the apex bank that controls all the other banks. RBI not only regulates and supervises the banks, but also other financial institutions in the country by giving them necessary directions and advices. It acts as the last resort to all banks in their financial matters.
The functions of RBI are;

Printing of currency :
RBI has the legal right to print all currency notes except one rupee note and subsidiary coins. The Finance Ministry is authorised to issue one rupee note and subsidiary coins. A proportional value of gold and foreign exchange is kept as reserve for issuing notes.

Controlling credit :
The RBI increases the money supply in the economy through the distribution of printed currency and through credit creation. Controlling credit is an important
function of RBI. This is done by changing the rate of interest. When the rate of interest increases, the volume of loans decreases. As the rate of interest decreases, the volume of loans increases.

Banker to Government :
The RBI acts as the banker to both the Central Government and the State Governments. As banker to government, the RBI accepts deposits from central and state governments, sanctions loans and renders other banking services to them. The Reserve Bank does not charge any fees for these services.

Bankers’s bank :
The RBI is the apex bank of all banks. It is the function of the RBI to help in the operations of other banks and to advise them when needed. It acts as a last resort to all books in their financial matters.

Question 3.
The third stage in the development of banks nearly concentrated on the implementation of new systems. Explain the role played by them in modification of banks and execution of services.
Answer:
In the third phase stretching from 1991, banks started rendering services, other than their basic functions. There were several banking reforms which helped in quick and time saving services, ease of procedures, etc. Introduction of ATM, credit card, phone banking, net banking, core banking, etc. are the results of the development in third phase. The private banks that received license in this phase implemented the new and innovative functions at a quicker pace. These banks are known as new generation banks.

Question 4.
Complete the table based on the peculiarities of commercial banks.

Answer:

Question 5.
Match the following

Answer:

Question 6.
Write on the different types of deposits accepted by commercial banks. Write their differences also.
Answer:
Commercial banks accept the following deposits:
Savings deposit
It is a scheme that helps the public to deposit their savings. Banks offer low rate of interest for this deposit. Depositor can withdraw money from this deposit subject to certain restrictions.

Current deposit
This deposit facilitates depositing and withdrawing money many times in a day. Normally traders and industrialists use this deposit scheme. It does not offer any rate of interest.

Fixed deposit
Fixed deposits are ideal for depositing money for a specific period of time. Interest rate is calculated on the basis of the time period for which the money is deposited. If the money is withdrawn only after the completion of the specific period of time, then the specified interest rate will be provided.

Recurring deposit
Recurring deposits receive a specific amount every month for a specified period of time. The interest rate of this deposit will be higher than that of saving deposits, but less than that of fixed deposits. The interest rate will be less if the deposits are withdrawn before the maturity date.

Question 7.
What is cash credit? What are the purposes for which banks give cash credit?
Answer:
The loans given to individuals and institutions by accepting collaterals are called cash credit. The collaterals that the bank accepts are:

• Salary certificate
• Fixed deposit certificate
• Physical assets like gold

Cash credit is given for the following purposes:

• For agriculture
• For industry
• For house construction
• Purchase of vehicle

Question 8.
Write a note on the other services provided by commercial banks, besides the basic functions.
Answer:

• Provide locker facilities to individuals and institutions to keep their valuable assets (gold, title deed of property).
• Demand Draft facility to send money from one ’ place to another.
• Mail transfer and telegraphic transfer to transfer money from anywhere in the world.
• ATM facility to withdraw money any time without going to the bank.
• Credit cards to purchase goods without carrying money along with.
• Banks help their customers to remit their insurance premium, telephone bills, electricity bills and to purchase travel tickets.

Question 9.
What are the working principles of co-operative banks? Write their aims also.
Answer:
Aims:
Co-operation, self help and mutual help are the working principles of co-operative banks.

• To give monetary help to common people, especially villagers like farmers, handicrafts men and small scale industrialists.
• To promote saving habits among people, especially rural folk.
• Provide loans to the public
• Protect the villagers from private money lenders.
• Provide loan at low rate of interest

Question 10.
What are development banks?
Answer:
Development banks are those that provide long term loans for various needs such as modernisation of industries. Now they provide loans to agriculture and trade sectors also.
Features of Development banks

• Act as an agent for the development of different sectors like industry, agriculture, trade, etc.
• Provide loans for house construction, small scale industry and the development of basic infrastructures. Eg. IFCI

Question 11.
Write the features of the following specialised banks.
Exim Bank of India
Small Industries Development Bank of India
Answer:

• Exim Bank of India
  • Provides loans for the export and import of products.
  • Provides instructions to individuals who come into this sector.
• Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)\
  • Provides help to start new small scale industries and to modernise existing industries.
  • To vitalize village industries.

Question 12.
What are Payment Banks? What are the features of Payment Banks compared to other banks?
Answer:
Payment banks have been established to help low income groups,, small scale industrialists and migrant labourers. They do not provide all facilities provided by other banks. Their features are:

• Accept deposits upto only one lakh rupees from individuals.
• Provide interest on deposit as specified by the RBI
• Do not provide loans
• Charge a specific fee as commission for bank transactions
• Debit card is provided but no credit card.

Question 13.
What is the objective of insurance companies? Which are the things that can be insured?
Answer:
Insurance institutions provide financial protection to life and wealth of individuals. They ensure social security and personal welfare.
Things that can be insured are :

• Individual’s life
• Wealth
• Vehicles
• Items in institutions
• Agricultural crops
• Export goods
• Temporary enterprises like circus.

Question 14.
Write the difference between fixed deposit and recurring deposit.
Answer:

Question 15.
Classify the following financial institutions suitably.

• Co-operative banks
• Mutual Fund institutions
• Commercial banks
• Development banks
• Insurance companies
• Specialised banks

Answer:

Question 16.
What are specialised banks? Give example.
Answer:
Specialised banks are those that provide financial help for the development of certain specific sectors. They provide help to start new enterprises.
Eg.

• EXIM Bank of India: Provides loans for exporting and importing products.
• Small Industries Development Bank of India: Provides help to start new small scale industries.
• National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development : Apex bank in India which functions for the development of villages and agriculture.

Question 18.
Write an example for a microfinance institution operating in Kerala. Write the goals of microfinance also.
Answer:
Microfinance institution operating in Kerala is Kudumbasree.

Goals of Microfinance

• Encourages saving habit among low income groups in the society.
• Provides help to seek self employment
• Helps to increase the standard of living of the poor.
• Provides loans to members in need.

Question 19.
Match the following.

Answer:

Answer the following. Score 5 each

Question 1.
Complete the flowchart on financial institutions.

Answer:
a. Banks
b. Commercial banks
c. Co-operative banks
d. Development banks
e. Mutual Fund
f. Insurance companies
g. Self Help Group for Men

Question 2.
Explain the different phases in the growth of banks in India and their features,
Answer:

First phase (1770 to 1969)

• English East India Company established three Presidency Banks: Bank of Bengal, Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras.
• The operations and growth of banks were slow.

Second phase (1969 to 1990)

• Witnessed a speedy development of banks.
• The awareness that banks should operate with the objective of social progress became prevalent.
• This view lead to the Bank nationalization of 1969 and 1980.

Third phase (From 1991 onwards)

• Banks started rendering services other than the basic functions.
• Introduced new trends in banking like ATM, credit card, phone banking, net banking, core banking, etc.
• Emergence and operations of New Generation Banks.

Question 3.
How are electronic banking and core banking helpful to the customers?
Or
The new trends in banking sector make banking more people friendly. Substantiate.
Answer:
The two new trends in banking sector are electronic banking and core banking.

Electronic banking :
Banking services have been made easy by computerisation and the availability of ATM facility. Electronic banking is a method by which all banking transactions can be carried out through net banking and telebanking. Any time banking, anywhere banking, net banking and mobile banking are part of electronic banking. It does not need the assistance of employees and banking instruments. Only bank account and net banking facility are required for this.

• Customers can send money and bills can be paid anywhere in the world from home.
• Saves time.
• Low service charge

Core banking :
Core banking is a banking facility under which the branches of all the banks are brought under a central server to enable bank transaction from one bank to another. It operates with the help of internet. As a result, facilities like ATM, debit card, credit card, tele banking and mobile banking are brought together. This made bank transactions simple. By using this facility, an individual can send money from his bank account to his friend’s account else where.

Question 4.
Explain the goals and working of microfinance.
Answer:
The aim of micro finance is to provide different financial services including micro credit to low income groups.-This helps to promote saving habits and self employment activities among low income groups. Examples for micro finance are Kudumbasree and Self Help Group for Men.

Goals of microfinance

• Helps in collective development by mobilising money from individuals.
• Helps to increase the standard of living of the poor
• Promotes saving habit
• Makes use of individual potential for group development.
• Provides loans to members in need
• Starts small scale enterprises

Functioning
Women or men in a locality join together and form small groups of 20 members each. Each member invests a fixed sum in the group. Banks provide loans to these groups at low rate of interest. The amount mobilized from members and the loans from the banks constitute the working capital of the society. This amount is disbursed as loan amount to members in need. With the assistance of the local bodies, SHGs run productive small enterprises. It is possible to protect the poor from local money lenders through self help groups. Examples for units run by SHGs

• Pickles snack units
• Hotels
• DTP centres

Question 5.
Some new banks have emerged in the banking sector with certain specific aims. Which are they? What are their features?
Answer:
The new banks that have emerged in the banking sector with specific aims are

• Mahila Banks
• Payment Banks
• Mudra Bank

Bharatiya Mahila Bank
Bharatiya Mahila Bank was started in November 2013. Its slogan is ‘Women’s Empowerment is India’s Empowerment’. This bank has branches in many states today. The bank accepts deposits from all but provides loans mainly to women. (This bank is merged with SBI in 2017).

Payment Banks
Payment banks have been established to help low income groups, small scale industrialists and migrant labourers. These banks do not provide all the services rendered by banks. Their features are:

• Accept deposits only upto ? 100000 from individuals.
• Provide interest on deposits as specified by RBI.
• Do not provide loans.
• Issue debit cards, do not issue credit cards.
• Charge a specific fee as commission for banking transactions.

Mudra Bank
Mudra bank was launched in April 2015 to provide short term loans. It provides financial help to small entrepreneurs and micro finance institutions.

Answer the following. Score 6 each

Question 1.
Besides the basic functions, commercial banks render certain other services to their customers,
What are they? Explain.
Answer:
The services rendered by banks include:
Locker facility :
Banks offer locker facility to keep costly articles (gold, title deed of property) of their customers. Banks charge a certain amount for availing this facility.

Demand Draft :
Demand draft is a facility provided by banks to send money from one place to another. It is not necessary to have an account for this.

Mail transfer :
Mail transfer is a facility j provided by banks to transfer money from anywhere in the world to one’s own account or to the account of another person, Telegraphic transfer is faster than mail transfer, Telegraphic transfer is the inechanism which can transfer money through a message.

ATM :
Automated Teller Machine helps the customers to withdraw money any time without stepping into the banks. Majority of the banks have ATM facility today. Now ATM of some banks provide the opportunity to deposit and withdraw money. The banks j provide ATM debit cards for this.

Credit card :
Banks provide credit card facility which helps in purchasing products without having to keep money on person, Using this, goods and services can be purchased even without having sufficient cash in one’s account. The money has to be remitted to the bank later within a specific period.

• Banks help the customers to remit their insurance premium, telephone bills and electricity bills and to purchase travel tickets.
• Service pension is also disbursed through banks.

Question 2.
Which are the different levels of Co-operative banks? Explain their functioning.
Answer:
The main aim of co-operative banks is to provide monetary help to common people especially villagers. Farmers, artisans, small scale entrepreneurs etc. chiefly avail the services of co-operative banks.

The aims of Co-operative banks are

• Provide loans to the public
• Protect the villagers from private money lenders
• Provide loans at low rate of interest
• Promote saving habits among the rural folk Co-operative banks function at different levels
• State Co-operative Bank
  • The apex body in the state co-operative sector.
  • Provides financial assistance to District Co-operative Banks and Primary Cooperative Banks.
• District Co-operative Banks
  • Operate at the district level.
  • Provide assistance and guidance to Primary Co-operative Banks.
• Primary Co-operative Banks
  • Function in villages
  • Area of functioning is limited.
  • Promote the saving habits in villagers
  • Provide loans to villagers at low rate of interest

Question 3.
Prepare table showing the basic functions and other services of banks.
Answer:

Question 4.
Examine the features of financial institutions and write their names.

Hints:

• Payment Bank
• Non Life Insurance Companies
• Mudra Bank
• EXIM Bank of India
• Non Banking Financial Companies
• NABARD
• Micro Finance
• Development Banks
• Co-operative Banks
• Mutual Fund

Answer:
a. Micro Finance
b. Mutual Fund
c. Non Life Insurance Companies
d. Non Banking Financial Companies
e. Payment Banks
f. Development Banks
g. EXIM Bank of India
h. NABARD
i. Mudra Bank
j. Co-operative Banks

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 7 India: The Land of Diversities

Answer the following. Score 1 each

Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Which of the following neighbouring countries does not share land frontier with India?
Afghanistan
Bhutan
Sri Lanka
Answer:
Sri Lanka

Question 2.
The mountain range which is part of the Himalayas
Karakoram
Siwalik
Ladakh
Answer:
Siwalik

Question 3.
Godwin Austin, the highest peak in India is located in the
Karakoram ranges
Himalayan ranges
Lushai hills
Answer:
Karakoram ranges

Question 4.
The highest Himalayan peak in India.
Godwin Austin
Kanchenjunga
Nanga Parbat
Answer:
Kanchenjunga

Question 5.
The highest Himalayan range
Himadri
Himachal
Answer:
Himadri

Question 6.
River Indus originates from
Manasarovar lake.
Gaimukh cave
Chemayungdung glacier
Answer:
Manasarovar lake

Question 7.
Which of the following is a tributary of the Brahmaputra?
Vista
Jhelum
Beas
Answer:
Vista

Question 8.
Peninsular river that joins with the Arabian sea
Mahanadi
Godavari
Narmada
Answer:
Narmada

Question 9.
The oldest and the extensive physiographic division of India
Northern Great Plains
Northern mountains
Peninsular Plateau
Answer:
Peninsular Plateau

Question 10.
A north-flowing Peninsular river
Mahanadi
Chambal
Tapti
Answer:
Chambal

Question 11.
The longest Peninsular river
Mahanadi
Godavari
Narmada
Answer:
Godavari

Question 12.
Choose the wrong statement about Eastern Coast plain
Backwaters and estuaries are seen
Southern part is called Coromandel Coast
Delta formation
Answer:
Backwaters and estuaries are seen

Question 13.
The capital of Lakshadweep
Port Blair
Kavaratti
Indira Point
Answer:
Kavaratti

Question 14.
The main reason for the occurrence of winter rainfall in Punjab region.
Northeast monsoon wind
Cyclones originating in the Mediterranean sea shift towards east
Cyclone originating in the Arabia Sea.
Answer: ‘
Cyclones originating in the Mediterranean sea shift towards east

Question 15.
The rainfall beneficial for winter crops.
Rainfall due to western disturbance
Southwest monsoon rain
Northeast monsoon rain
Answer:
Rainfall due to western disturbance

Question 16.
When the sun is over the northern hemisphere, North Indian regions experience intense low pressure. Which atmospheric phenomenon is its result?
Northeast monsoon wind
Southwest monsoon wind
Cyclone
Answer:
Southwest monsoon wind

Question 17.
A feature of mountain soil found in northern mountain system.
Generally fertile
High salt content
Comparatively low fertility
Answer:
Generally fertile

Question 18.
The physiographic division of India known as the ‘Granary of India ’.
Northern Great Plains
Coastal Plains
Peninsular India
Answer:
Northern Great Plains

Question 19.
What is the reason for the scarce rainfall along the western parts of Northern Great Plains?
Southwest monsoon branch blows parallel to the Aravalli mountain ranges.
By the time southwest monsoon branch reaches Rajasthan, loses much of its moisture content.
Both of the above reasons.
Answer:
Both of the above reasons.

Question 20.
North India experiences high temperature during summer season than the coastal regions. This is because of
Distance from ocean
Nearness to ocean
Sun is over the Southern Hemisphere
Answer:
Distance from ocean

Question 21.
The Coromandel Coast of India receives heavy rainfall in the months of November – December due to the influence of
Southwest monsoon
Northeast monsoon
Southeast monsoon
Answer:
Northeast monsoon

Question 22.
Identify the regions where laterite soils are formed.
Regions made of igneous rocks named basalt.
Regions with monsoon rains and intermittent hot seasons.
Desert regions.
Plains formed by the river deposition.
Answer:
Regions with monsoon rains and intermittent hot seasons.

Question 23.
Identify the mountain region from which both Narmada and Mahanadi’ rivers originate
Maikala ranges
Mahabaleswar hills
Western Ghats –
Answer:
Maikala ranges

Question 24.
In which Himalayan range are hill stations like Shimla and Darjeeling situated?
Himadri
Himachal
Siwalik
Answer:
Himachal

Question 25.
Choose the wrong statement about river Indus.
Source is Manasarovar lake in Tibet
Merges with the Bay of Bengal.
Length is about 2880 km.
Answer:
Merges with the Bay of Bengal

Question 26.
Identify the correct statement about river Ganga.
Merges with the Arabian Sea.
Jhelum and Chenab are tributaries % The main tributary is Yamuna.
Source is Chemayungdung glacier in Tibet.
Answer:
The main tributary is Yamuna

Question 27.
Choose the correct statement about Peninsular rivers
Intensive erosion
Intensity of erosion is less
Extensive catchment area
High irrigation potential
Answer:
Intensity of erosion is less

Question 28.
Find out the correct pair.
Godavari – Sabari
Kaveri – Bhima
Narmada – Indravati
Mahanadi – Thungabhadra
Answer:
Godavari – Sabari

Question 29.
Kabani is the tributary of
Krishna
Kaveri
Mahanadi
Godavari
Answer:
Kaveri

Question 30.
Choose the wrong statement about Himalayan rivers
Do not create deep valleys
Extensive catchment area
High irrigation potential
Intensive erosion
Answer:
Do not create deep valleys

Question 31.
Which of the following is not included in Eastern Highlands?
Khasi
Garo
Jayanti
Karakoram
Answer:
Karakoram

Question 32.
Which of the following is not included in Trans Himalayas?
Karakoram
Siwalik
Ladakh
Zaskar
Answer:
Siwalik

Question 33.
Which of the following is not a Himalayan river?
Indus
Godavari
Ganga
Yamuna
Answer:
Godavari

Question 34.
The physiographic division which is not a part of Peninsular plateau.
Aravalli range.
Deccan plateau
Thar desert
Western Ghats
Answer:
Thar desert

Question 35.
The soil found in Northern Great Plains and coastal plains
Red soil
Alluvial soil
Black soil
Laterite soil
Answer:
Alluvial soil

Complete the statement suitably.

1. The highest peak in India is ………………………
2. In India, the highest temperature of summer is felt at ………………………
3. The river ……………………… originates from the Maikala ranges in Madhya Pradesh.
4. Agra is on the bank of the river ………………………
5. The strong upper air currents in the troposphere are called ………………………
Answer:
1. Godwin Austin/Mount K2
2. Barmer
3.Mahanadi
4. Yamuna
5. Jet streams

Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
What are dunes?
Answer:
Broad flat valleys seen across the Siwalik ranges.

Question 2.
How are Northern Great Plains formed?
Answer:
Northern Great Plains are formed by the continuous alluvial deposits of Himalayan rivers for thousands of years.

Question 3.
How is Marusthali Bagar plain formed?
Answer:
The Marusthali Bagar plain in Rajasthan is formed by the deposits of rivers Luni and Saraswathi.

Question 4.
Most Peninsular rivers carry less water during summer. Why?
Answer:
Most Peninsular rivers are rain-fed.

Question 5.
How are Peninsular rivers classified based on the direction of flow?
Answer:

• West flowing rivers
• East flowing rivers
• North flowing rivers

Question 6.
Which is the highest waterfall in India?
Answer:
Jog falls in Saravathi river in Karnataka.

Question 7.
What are the peculiarities of Lakshadweep?
Answer:
Presence of lagoons, sandy beaches and coral reefs.

Question 8.
What are Kalbaisakhi?
Answer:
Thundershowers in West Bengal during summer.

Question 9.
Rajas tan gets only scanty rainfall. Why?
Answer:
Aravalli mountains are in Rajasthan. The Arabian sea branch of southwest monsoon passes parallel to these mountains. These mountains cannot obstruct the moisture-laden monsoon winds.

Question 10.
Which is the second-highest range in the Himalayas? What is its average altitude?
Answer:

• Himachal
• Average altitude is 3000 meters

Question 11.
The northern mountains are the paradise of tourists. Why? Name the famous hill stations here.
Answer:

• Due to its natural beauty
• Hill stations are
• Shimla
• Kulu
• Darjeeling
• Manali

Question 12.
Which soil is formed by the disintegration of black lava rocks?
Answer:
Black soil

Question 13.
Which are the islands of India located in the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal?
Answer:

• Arabian Sea – Lakshadweep
• Bay of Bengal- Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Answer the following. Score 2 each

Question 1.
Write the features of desert soil.
Answer:

• Very little moisture content
• Rich salt content

Question 2.
Aravalli is a mountain in Peninsular plateau. Which are the other mountains in the Peninsular plateau?
Or
Complete the sun diagram on the mountains of Peninsular plateau.
Answer:

• Vindhya range
• Satpura range
• Eastern Ghats
• Western Ghats

Question 3.
Where is laterite soil formed in India?
Answer:
Laterite soil is formed in the regions with monsoon rains and intermittent hot seasons. It is found mainly in some parts of Peninsular plateau.

Question 4.
Besides laterite soil, which are the soils found in Peninsular plateau. Write one feature of each.
Answer:
Black soil: Suitable for cotton cultivation, high fertility.
Red soil: Red in colour because of the presence of iron content.

Question 5.
Why is Peninsular plateau called the store-house of minerals?
Answer:

• Peninsular plateau holds numerous deposits of diverse minerals.
• Iron ore, coal, manganese, bauxite, limestone, etc. are found.

Question 6.
Which are the river basins in eastern coastal plain where paddy is cultivated extensively?
Answer:
River basins of Kaveri, Krishna, Godavari and Mahanadi

Question 7.
What is western disturbance? Write its benefit.
Or
Write the reason for the winter rainfall in Punjab region. What is the agricultural importance of this rainfall?
Answer:
During the cold-weather season of India, cyclones originating in the Mediterranean sea shift towards east under the influence of jet streams and enter India. This causes winter rainfall in North plains, especially in Punjab. This is known as western disturbance. This is much beneficial for the cultivation of rabi crops like wheat and barley.

Question 8.
Explain ‘October heat’.
Answer:
The northeast monsoon season is a transition period between rainy season and the forthcoming winter season. This season experienced in the months of October and November makes the days unbearable due to high temperature and humidity.

The high temperature and humidity experienced all over India during this time make the daytime very uncomfortable or sultry. This phenomenon is called October heat.

Question 9.
Though northeast monsoon winds are dry, they cause heavy rainfall along the Coromandel coast of India. Write the reason.
Or
Coromandal coast receives rainfall during northeast monsoon. Why? In which months are these seasons experienced?
Answer:
Northeast monsoon winds blowing from land to sea due to the attraction of low pressure over the Bay of Bengal takes a northeast to southwest direction.

It absorbs moisture from the Bay of Bengal and causes heavy rainfall along the Coromandel coast. This rainfall occurs in the months of October and November.

Question 10.
The coastal plains to India are subdivided into five. Classify them suitably.
a. Konkan Coast plain
b. North Circar Coastal plain
c. Gujarat Coastal plain
d. Coromandal Coastal plain
e. Malabar Coastal plain

Answer:

Question 11.
Most parts of Rajasthan are desert and the amount of rainfall received is less there. Biju is of the opinion that Aravalli mountain is responsible for this.
a. Do you agree with him?
b. Why?
Answer:
a. I agree
b. The reasons are given below.
It is because of the Aravalli ranges that Rajasthan receives only scanty rainfall. Lying parallel to the monsoon winds from the Arabian sea, it cannot obstruct the moisture-laden monsoon winds. Moreover, by the time the Arabian sea branch reaches Rajasthan, it loses much of its moisture content.

Question 12.
Using the indicators, complete the columns to compare the Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.

Answer:

Question 13.
Chirapunji and Mawsynram are regarded as the rainiest spots in the world. Find out the topographical factors that enable these places to retain this name.
Answer:
The Bay of Bengal branch of south west monsoon advances northward by absorbing more moisture from the Bay of Bengal. On reaching West Bengal, crossing the Sundarban delta, it bifurcates into two branches. One branch reaches the Brahmaputra plains and causes heavy rainfall there. The Khasi- Jaintia hills of Meghalaya obstruct these winds and cause heavy rainfall in these regions. Chirapunji and Mawsynram are in this region.

Question 14.
Some of the rivers of India are marked as a, b, c, d, e and f in the given map. Identify those rivers and classify them as Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.

Answer:
a – Kaveri
C – Yamuna
e – Brahmaputhra
b – Tungabhadra
d – Narmada
f- indus

Question 15.
Given below are the characteristic features of one of the physical divisions of India. Based on the indicators, find out the physical division and add to the list.
Storehouse of minerals
Built of hard Crystalline rocks
Answer:
The physiographic division is Peninsular plateau. Characteristic features
i. It has an area of about 15 lakh sq. km.

ii. Has a diverse topography of mountains, plateaus and valleys.

iii. Anamudi is the highest peak in this zone, iv. The main vegetations here are tropical deciduous and tropical rain forests.

Question 16.
The names of the subdivisions of the Great Plains are given. Write the names of the rivers causing their formation.
(ganga plain, Punjab – Haryana plan Marusrhali – Bagar plain. Brahmaputra plan)
Answer:

Question 17.
classify the Peninsular rivers as those flowing into Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal
Answer:

Question 18.
The Northern Great Indian plain is densely populated. Why?
Or
The Northern Great Indian plain is known as the granary of India. Why’
Answer:
The Northern Great Indian plain is formed by the continuous deposition of sediments brought by the Himalayan rivers for thousands of years. It is one of the most fertile and extensive alluvial plains of the world. It extends over 7 lakh sq.kms with kilometres of thick sediments.

Since this plain is formed by the deposition of fertile alluvium, this has become the most important agricultural region in the country and sois called the granary of India. Naturally this is densely populated.

Question 19.
Alluvial soil is dominant in most parts of Northern plains. Why?
Answer:
The Northern plains are formed by the deposits of alluvium brought down by rivers Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra and their tributaries flowing down the Himalayas for thousands of years.

Question 20.
Which soil is suitable for cotton cultivation? Where is it found in India?
Answer:
Black soil is suitable
Black soil is extensively found in Deccan plateau, which is the southern part of Peninsular plateau. A major portion of Deccan plateau has been formed by the cooling of lava that spread over the region millions of years ago. Thus the region is made of igneous rocks, namely basalt.

Question 21.
The Northern mountain system influences the climate of India. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Blocks the monsoon winds blowing from the south and causes rainfall throughout North India.
• Prevents the dry cold winds blowing from the north from entering India during winter.

Question 22.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a. Arabian Sea
b. Narmada

Question 23.
Because of the peculiar shape of the Indian peninsula, the southwest monsoon winds bifurcate into two branches before entering the land. Which are the two branches?
Answer:
Arabian Sea branch
Bay of Bengal branch

Question 24.
Bajra and jowar are the main crops cultivated in Rajasthan. Why?
Answer:
Crops like bajra and jowar require very little amount of water to grow.
Rainfall is very less in Rajasthan

Question 25.
Why does, the temperature decrease from south to north during winter season in India?
Answer:
India experiences winter when the position of the sun is over the southern hemisphere. So the southern parts of India receive more sun rays than the northern parts.
The southern parts which lie close to the sea experience high temperature.

Question 26.
Which type of soil is mainly found in the following states?
a. Himachal Pradesh
b. Uttar Pradesh
c. Rajasthan
d. Maharashtra
Answer:
a. Mountain soil
b. Alluvial soil
c. Desert soil
d. Black soil

Question 27.
Using the hints, write the names of Himalayan ranges.
a. Broad and flat valleys called Duns are seen.
b. Hill stations like Shimla and Darjeeling are seen.
c. Average altitude is 6000 metres.
d. Peaks like Kanchenjunga and Nandadevi are seen.
Answer:
a. Siwaliks
b. Himachal
c. Himadri
d. Himadri

Question 28.
The statements given below are related to the rivers in India.
Statement A: Catchment area is comparatively smaller.
Statement B: Creates gorges.
Based on these statements, identify the correct one from among the following.
a. Both statements indicate Himalayan rivers.
b. Both statements indicate Peninsular rivers.
c. Statement A is related to Himalayan river and statement B is related to Peninsular rivers.
d. Statement A is related to Peninsular rivers and statement B is related to Himalayan rivers.
Answer:
d. Statement A is related to Peninsular rivers and statement B is related to Himalayan rivers.

Answer the following. Score 3 each

Question 1.
Complete the diagram on some of the rivers of India, their tributaries and the states through which they flow based on the hints.
Hints:

• Hiran
• Kaveri
• Narmada
• Andhra Pradesh
• Tungabhadra
• Tamil Nadu

Answer:
a. Andhra Pradesh
b. Tamil Nadu
c. Narmada
d. Kaveri
e. Hiran
f. Thungabhadra

Question 2.
Which are the physical divisions located between Arabian sea and Western Ghats and Bay of Bengal and Eastern Ghats? Write their. features also.
Or
Compare the west coast and east coast plains of India based on the given hints.

• Location
• Landform created
• Length
• Influence of monsoon
• Width

Answer:
West coast plain, East coast plain

Question 3.
The tributaries of some Indian rivers are given in the picture: Complete the picture by adding the names of their major rivers.

Answer:
a. Ganga
b. Brahmaputra
c. Indus
d. Godavari
e. Krishna
f. Mahanadi

Question 4.
Make a comparison between Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.
Answer:

Question 5.
Complete the following table suitably Rivers

Answer:

Question 6.
Mention the characteristic features of the Peninsular plateau.
Or
The Peninsular Plateau is a phýsiographic division with some unique characteristics. What are these characteristics?
Answer:
i. Made of hard crystalline rocks.
ii Flas&nareaofabouti5lakhsq.km
iii. it has diverse topography of mountains, plateaus and valleys.
iv. The vegetation here includes tropical deciduous type and tropical rain forests.
v. Anamudi with a height of 2695m is the highest peak of this zone.
vi. Has black soil and red soil.
vii. Holds numerous deposits of diverse minerals and so known as storehouse of a minerals.
viii.Deccan plateau which is formed by the cooling of lava lies to the south of Peninsular Plateau.

Question 7.
The names of the tributaries of sonic rivers are given below. Write the name of the main river against each.

Answer:

Question 7.
Table the Himalayan rivers on the basis of sources, tributaries, states through which they flow and the sea which they join.
Answer:

Question 8.
From which state do the following rivers originate?
Narmada, Mahanadi, Tapti, Kaveri, Krishna, Godavari
Answer:

Question 9.
The names of some rivers are given. List them as originating from the Himalayas and from the Western Ghats.
Jhehrn, Kaveri, Yamuna, Krishna, Kosi, Godavari.
Answer:

Question 10.
Identify the soil type from the hints given
a. Generally fertile and dark brown or black in colour
b. Seen on river banks and coastal plains.
c. Dry and salty
d. Formed by the disintegration of igneous rocks called basalt.
e. Soil with iron content
f. Soil formed in monsoon climatic region.
Answer:
a. Mountain soil
b. Alluvial soil
c. Desert soil
d. Black soil
e. Red soil
f. Laterite soil

Question 11.
Answer the following questions based on, Northern Great plains of India.
a. Rivers that caused the formation of Northern Great Plains.
b. From which physiographic division do these rivers originate?
c. How does the peculiarity of the soil here influence human life?

Answer:
a. Northern Great Plains are formed by the continuous depositional work of the Himalayan’ rivers Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
b. These rivers originate from northern mountain
c. The alluvial soil formed by the Himalayan rivers is highly fertile. So this region is the backbone of Indian agriculture and so known as the granary of India. This is one of the most densely populated regions also.

Question 12.
Just as in physiography, India has climatic variation too. Examine the reasons for the variations of climate in India.
Answer:

• Latitudinal location
• Topography
• Nearness to oceans
• Altitude above sea level
• Himalayan mountains
• Distance from oceans

Question 13.
There is regional variation in the distribution of rainfall in India. What are the reasons?
Answer:

• Topography
• Nearness to oceans
• Distance from oceans
• Location of mountain ranges
• Direction of wind
• Extent of land

Question 14.
Choose the correct pairs from the columns

A. a→q, b→p, c→r
B. a→r, b→p, c→q
C. a→r, b → q, c→p
D. a → q, b→p, c→r
Answer:
B. a→ r, b→p, c→q

Question 15.
Identity the rivers hinted below and write any two features of them.
a. River originating from the Manasarovar lake in Tibet.
b. River originating from the Gaumukh caves in the Gangotri glacier:
Answer:
a. River Indus

• About 2880 km long
• Jhelum, Chenab and Beas are tributaries
• Joins the Arabian Sea

b. Ganga

• About 2500 km long .
• Yamuna and Kosi are tributaries
• Joins the Bay of Bengal

Question 16.
Just as the diversity in the physiography of India, there is diversity in climate also.
a. Write an example for the diversity in climate
b. Write any two reasons for the diversity in climate.
c. The south west and north eastern parts of India receive heavy rainfall during the south west monsoon period. Why?
Answer:
a. Kerala receives more rainfall within a day than the annual rainfall received in Rajasthan.
b. Nearness to ocean Latitude
c. The Western Ghats block the Arabian Sea branch of south west monsoon and cause heavy rainfall in the south west parts of India. One branch of the Bay of Bengal branch of south west monsoon reaches the north eastern states through the Brahmaputra plains and causes heavy rainfall there. The Khasi and Garo hills block the winds and cause rainfall.

Question 17.
Explain the terms
Himalayan rivers
Peninsular rivers
Answer:
The snow-clad peaks and glaciers in the Himalayas are rich sources of freshwater. Numerous great rivers take birth through the confluence of streams originating from the melting snow. These rivers are known as Himalayan rivers.The rivers originating from the elevated regions of the Peninsular plateau are known as Peninsular rivers.

Question 18.
What are the peculiar features of Eastern Highlands?
Answer:

• Lie at an’altitude of 500 to 3000 metres.
• Known as Purvachal
• Khasi, Garo, Jaintia and Mizo hills are here.
• Cherrapunji, the place receiving the highest rainfall in the world is situated here.
• This region is covered by dense tropical forests.
• Fertile mountain soil is found here.

Question 19.
Write the name of the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas and match them with the following.

1. Dunc
2. Kanchenjunga
3. Darjeeling

Answer:

1. Duns – Siwaliks – Southernmost Himalayan range.
2. Kanchenjunga – Himadri – the highest Himalayan range.
3. Darjeeling – Himachal – the middle range

Question 20.
Certain geoinformation f Peninsular plateau are given. Classify them as mountains and plateaus.

• Malwa
• Vindhya
• Western
• Chota Nagpur
• Satpura
• Deccan

Answer:

Question 21.
Analyse the following statements and write the reasons for them.
a. While Mangalore receives rainfall from June to September, Chennai usually receives rainfall in November – December.
b. Rajasthan receives very little rainfall.
Answer:
a. Southwest monsoon season is experienced from June to September. The western parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat receive rainfall during this period. Mangalore is situated to the west of Karnataka. The north east monsoon season is experienced in the months of November and December along the eastern coast of India. Chennai is situated on the eastern coast of Tamil Nadu and so receives rainfall in November and December.

b. Rainfall is scarce in Rajasthan because the monsoon branch entering through Gujarat blows para lei to the Arrival Ii mountain ranges.

Question 22.
Write the reasons for the following.
a. The Western portion of Northern plains are least populated.
b. Bajra and jowar are the ,main crops cultivated here.
Answer:
a. The Western portion of Northern ptains is the Thar desert in Rajasthan. Rainfall is scarce here. The highest temperature of India is experienced here.

b. Dry and salty desert soil is found in this region. Bajra and jowar require very little amount of water to grow.

Question 23.
Choose the correct column from the following.

A. a.i and c. iii
B. b. ii and d. iv
C. a.i and d. iv
D. b. ii and a. iii
Answer:
C. a.i and d. iv

Question 24.
The following table is on the Himalayan rivers. Identify the mistakes if any and correct accordingly.

Answer:

Question 25.
The role of Northern plains is decisive in the agricultural economy of India. Explain.
Answer:
Northern plains are the backbone of Indian agriculture. Fertile soil, water availability and favourable climate, etc. are conducive for agriculture. ,
This region is known as the granary of India.
Wheat, maize, rice, sugarcane, cotton, pulses, etc. are largely cultivated here.

Question 26.
The names of a few mountain ranges are given.
Categorize them suitably.
a. Karakoram
b. Jaintia
c. Himachal
d. Siwalik
e. Ladak
f. Naga hills

Answer:

Question 27.
Identity the physiographic division from where the following rivers originate. Classify these rivers as east flowing and west flowing rivers.

• Narmada
• Godavari
• Tapti
• Kaveri
• Mahanadi
• Krishna

Answer:

• These Peninsular rivers originate from Peninsular plateau
• East flowing rivers – Godavari, Kaveri, Mahanadi, Krishna
• West flowing rivers – Narmada, Tapti

Question 28.
Write a description on the human life in the northern mountain region.
Answer:

• Animal rearing is the major means of livelihood.
  Sheep are commercially reared in Jammu- Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh. ,
• Agriculture: Potato, barley, saffron, apple, orange and tea are cultivated.
• Tourism – Scenic beauty of the mountains attract tourists. Hill stations like Shimla, .. Darjeeling, Kulu and Manali are situated here.

Question 29.
Identify the rivers hinted below and write any two of their features.
a. River originating from the Chema-Yung- dung glacier in the Kaila’s ranges.
b. Longest Peninsular river.
Answer:
a. Brahmaputra:

• Has a length of about 2900 km.
• Joins the Bay of Bengal.

b. Godavari:

• Originates from Western Ghats – Nasik district of Maharashtra
• Flows through Maharashtra, Telengana and Andhra.

Question 30.
Give reasons for the following:
a. Continuity of Siwaliks breaks at many places.
b. Punjab region receives winter rainfall.
c. Coromandal coast receives north east monsoon rain.
Answer:
a. The Himalayan rivers cut across the Siwalik range, its continuity breaks at many places.

b. Punjab region receives winter rainfall due to the phenomenon of western disturbance. The cyclones originating in the Mediterranean Sea during winter gradually shift towards east, reach India and cause rainfall in the northern plains, especially in the Punjab region. This is known as western disturbance.

c. The northeast monsoon winds blowing over the Bay of Bengal absorb moisture and pass through the Coromandel coast, causing rainfall along this coast.

Question 31.
Write a note on the advancement of Arabian Sea branch of monsoon winds.
Answer:
Arabian Sea branch of monsoon winds:
Because of the particular shape of the Indian peninsula, the south west monsoon winds bifurcate into two branches before entering the land. One branch is the Arabian Sea branch. It reaches the coast of Kerala by early June and causes heavy rainfall there.

Then it advances to the states of Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat and causes rainfall in the western parts. Rainfall is scarce in the Rajasthan region because the monsoon branch entering through Gujarat blows parallel to the Aravalli mountain ranges. The Arabian Sea branch merges with the other branch of the Bay of Bengal branch in the Punjab plains, advances north further and causes heavy rainfall along the foothills of the Himalayas.

Question 32.
Explain the features of west coastal plain in India.
Answer:
Features of West Coastal Plain:

• Between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats
• From the Rann of Kutchh to Kanyakumari
• Comparatively narrow
• Can be divided into Gujarat coast, Konkan coast and Malabar coast.
• Lakes and backwaters can be found.

Question 33.
Write a note on the north east monsoon season in India.
Answer:
Northeast monsoon season
By the end of September, as the sun shifts towards the southern hemisphere, intense high pressure develops over the Northern plains. Comparatively low pressure over the Indian” ocean causes wind to blow from the northern part of India towards the south. These are the northeast monsoon winds. These winds are dry and do not cause rain in India.

This season is a transition period between the rainy season and the forthcoming winter. This season experienced during the months of October and November makes the days unbearable due to high temperature and humidity. This phenomenon is known as October heat.

The winds blowing from land to sea due to the attraction of low pressure over the Bay of Bengal takes; a northeast to southwest direction. It absorbs moisture from the Bay of Bengal and causes rainfall along the Coromandal coast, especially the Tamil Nadu coast. Kerala and some parts of Karnataka also receive northeast monsoon.

Question 34.
Write a short note on Trans Himalayas.
Answer:
Trans Himalayas: Trans Himalayas are a part of northern mountain ranges. Trans Himalayas include Karakoram, Ladakh and Zaskar mountain ranges. Mount K₂ or Godwin Austin (8661 m), the highest peak in India, is in the Karakoram range. The average height of the Trans Himalayas is 6000m.

Question 35.
Which are the types of soils found in Peninsular plateau? Write their features also.
Answer:
The soils found in Peninsular plateau are black soil, red soil and laterite soil.

Black soil

• Formed by the cooling of lava.
• Suitable for cotton cultivation.

Red soil

• Formed by the weathering of igneous and metamorphic rocks.
• Presence of iron gives red colour.

Laterite soil
Formed in the regions with monsoon rains and intermittent hot seasons.

Question 36.
Write a note on human life in the Peninsular plateau.
Answer:

• Agriculture: Cotton, pulses, groundnut, sugarcane, maize, ragi, chilli, etc. are the major agricultural crops of this region. –
• Mining: Iron ore, coal, manganese, bauxite, limestone, etc. are the major minerals found here.
• Industries: Agro-based industries and mineral-based industries are found.

Question 37.
Write a note on human life along coastal plains of India.
Answer:

• Fishing is the main occupation of the people.
• Tourism has great possibilities here.
• Agriculture: Rice and coconut are the major agricultural crops along the west coast.

Question 38.
Write a note on the Lakshadweep island and human life there.
Answer:

• The Lakshadweep islands are situated in the Arabian Sea, There are 36 islands in this island group, of which only 11 are inhabited.
• Lagoons, sandy beaches and coral reefs are the specialities of the Lakshadweep island group.
• People depend largely on sea for their sustenance as agriculture is sparse. Fishing and tourism are the major sources of income.

Answer the following. Score 4 each

Question 1.
Mark the answers to the following geoinformation in the outline map India.
a. The southernmost Himalayan range
b. Major type of soil in Marusthali Bagar plain
c. Coromandel Coast
d. The southern endpoint of India ‘
Answer:
a. Siwalik
b. Desert soil
c. Coromandel Coast
d. Indira Point

Question 2.
Mark the answers to the following geoinformation in the outline map of India.
Answer:
a. Peninsular river with lb as tributary
b. River which originates from Gaimukh caves
c. Himalayan river which joins the Arabian Sea
d. River which originates from Madhya Pradesh flows through Gujarat and Maharashtra and joins the Arabian sea.
Answer:
a. Mahanadi
b. Ganga
c. Indus
d. Tapti

Question 3.
Statements A and B deal with the island groups of India. Which are they? Write their features also.
Statement A: Situated in the Arabian Sea
Statement B: Port Blair is the capital of this island group.
Answer:
Statement A: Lakshadweep

• Causes the emergence of diverse flora and fauna
• Forms the source of many perennial rivers.
• The region has a remarkable role in the formation of the Northern Great Plains, which is the food bowl of India.
• Agriculture is sparse and people mainly depend on sea for sustenance.
• Fishing and tourism are the main sources of income. ,

Statement B : Andaman & Nicobar Islands

• Situated in the Bay of Bengal.
• Consist of two groups of islands – Andaman with 200 islands and Nicobar with 19 islands.
• Most of the islands are uninhabited.
• Many of them have dense forests.
• The only volcano of India is situated in the Barren island here.
• Indira Point which is the southernmost tip of Nicobar islands is considered as the southern end of India.

Question 4.
Explain the ròle of the Northern mountain system in influencing the physiography, climate and human life of India.
Answer:

• Protects from foreign invasions from the north since ancient time onwards.
• Obstructs the monsoon winds and causes rainfall throughout North India.
• Prevents the dry cold wind blowing from north from entering India during winter.
• Causes the emergence of diverse flora and fauna
• Forms the source of many perennial rivers.
• The region has a remarkable role in the formation of the Northern Great Plains. which is the food bowl of India.
• Attracts tourists and mountaineers. Tourism is ail Important source of income of this region.
• Supports an indigenous culture.

Question 5.
The south-west monsoon winds provide about 70% of the rainfall received in India. Which are the two branches of this monsoon? Explain their role in giving rainfall throughout India.
Answer:
Arabian Sea Branch
The Arabian sea branch which reaches Kerala coast by the beginning of June gives heavy rainfall here. Then it advances to the states of Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat and causes rainfall in the western parts.

Bay of Bengal branch
The Bay of Bengal branch advances north by absorbing moisture from Bay of Bengal. On reaching West Bengal, crossing the Sundarban delta, it bifurcates into two branches. One branch enters the Brahmaputra plains and gives heavy rainfall in the north eastern states. Khasi, Garo hills obstruct the winds to cause rainfall.

Question 6.
The sketch of river Ganga is given. &amine the information given and complete the table.


Answer:
a. Gaimukh caves in the Gangotri glacier, Uttarakhand
b. About 2500 km
c. Yamuna
d. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar
e. Hooghly
f. Bay of Bengal

Question 7.
India is largely influenced by the peculiarities of the Himalayas. Complete the Sun diagram by writing two examples each.

Answer:
A : Kulu, Manali, Shimla, Darjeeling, Nainital, Mussoorie
B : Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra
C : Ganga plain, Brahmaputra plain, Punjab – Haryana plain, Marusthali – Bagar plain.
D: Himadri, Himachal, Siwalik
E: Major means of livelihood is animal rearing. Potato, barley, apple and tea are cultivated in the fertile Siwalik valley.

Question 8.
Match the items in columns A, B and C.

Answer:

Question 9.
The following are some of the features related to the physiographic divisions of India. Find out to which physiographic division each is related. Write two features of these divisions also.
a. The region where Mount K₂ is located.
b. The region of numerous deposits of minerals.
c. The region influenced by northeast monsoon.
Answer:
a. Mount K₂ is located in Northern mountain region.
b. Region of numerous deposits of minerals is Peninsular plateau.
c. Eastern coastal plain is influenced by northeast monsoon.

Features of the physiographic divisions

• Northern mountain region Functions as a great wall starting from north west of Kashmir and extends upto eastern border.
• The region of highest rainfall in the world is located in the east of this mountain.

Peninsular plateau

• Has an area of about 15 lakh km²
• Has a diverse topography of mountains, plateaus and valleys.

Eastern coastal plain

• Located between Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal.
• Deltas are formed in this coastal stretch.

Question 10.
The map depicting the physical divisions of India are given. Write the name of physical divisions represented by the English alphabets. Also write the type of soil found in each and the major crops cultivated.

Answer:
A – Peninsular plateau
B – Western coastal plain
C – Northern Great Plains
D – Northern mountains

• Peninsular plateau – black soil, red soil – cotton, sugar cane, maize
• Coastal plains – Alluvial soil-paddy, coconut
• Northern Great Plains – Alluvial soil, desert soil- wheat, maize, paddy, cotton
• Northern mountain – mountain soil – saffron, potato, apple, tea.

Question 11.
Complete the columns based on the Peninsular rivers

Answer:
a. Munthai plateau
b. Anar
c. Krishna
d. 1400 km
e. Brahmagiri hills
f. Kabani
g. Narmada
h. Hiran

Question 12.
The list of mountain passes of Northern mountain system are given. Write the places connected by them.

Answer:
A. Srinagar-Kargil
B. Jammu-Srinagar
C. Himachal Pradesh-Tibet
D. Sikkim-Lhasa

Question 13.
Given map shows the direction of monsoon winds. Observe the map and prepare a description based on the hints given.

Monsoon Season : Southwest monsoon season,
Nature of winds: Since North Indian regions experience intense low pressure and Indian Ocean region high pressure, winds blow from Indian Ocean to the Indian subcontinent. The winds deflect to right due to Coriolis effect and reach India as south west monsoon winds. Because of the peculiar shape of the Indian peninsula, the south west monsoon winds bifurcate into two branches – Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch- before entering the land.

Question 14.
What are the regional variations in the distribution of rainfall in India? Write the reasons also.
Answer:

• Reasons for the regional variations in rainfall.
• Nearness to sea
• Distance from sea
• Location of mountains
• Direction of winds
• Extent of land

Regional variations in the distribution of rainfall include places receiving more than 200cm rainfall, places receiving rainfall between 100 cm and 200 cm, places receiving rainfall between 60 cm and 100 cm and those less than 60 cm.
Location of mountain is the reason for rainfall of more than 200 cm. Heavy’ rainfall is received on the west of Western Ghats and north east of Khasi and Garo hills. Nearness to sea and Himalayan mountains are the reasons for rainfall between 100 cm and 200 cm. Distance from sea is the reason for rainfall between 60 cm and 100 cm. Distance from Sea and location of mountain are the reasons for rainfall less than 60 cm. Eg. Location of Aravalli.

Question 15.
Is the atmospheric condition of New Delhi and Trivandrum the same during summer and winter? Why? Explain.
Answer:
The atmospheric condition is not the same.
During summer season, the atmospheric temperature of Trivandrum is low and that of New Delhi is high. But during winter season, the atmospheric temperature of Trivandrum is high and that of New Delhi is low.

Reasons;
i. Migration of Sun: India experiences summer when the sun is over the northern hemisphere. So the temperature will be high over northern parts of India including New Delhi. Temperature will be low over southern parts of India including Trivandrum. India experiences winter when the sun is over the southern hemisphere. Temperature will be high over the southern parts of India including Trivandrum which lies near to southern hemisphere. Delhi which lies away experiences low temperature.

ii. Nearness to Sea: Regions located close to sea experience moderate climate. But regions located far from sea experience extreme climate-intense cold during winter and intense heat during summer. Trivandrum lies close to sea and so has moderate climate. Since Delhi lies away from sea, it experiences extreme climate during summer and winter.

Question 16.
Give reasons for the regional variations in the distribution of south west monsoon rain.
Answer:
Location of mountains: Rainfall is maximum along the windward slopes of the mountains. The western side of the Western Ghats, the Eastern Highlands and southern slopes of the Himalayas get heavy rainfall during south west monsoon. The Western Ghats obstruct the south west monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall on the western side. The eastern slope of Western Ghats is rainshadow region. Khasi, Garo and Jaintia hills obstruct the Bay of Bengal branch of south west monsoon and cause heavy rainfall in the north eastern India. The Himalayas obstruct the monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall in the southern slopes. Rajasthan receives scanty rainfall due to the location of Aravalli hills.

Distance from sea: As the amount of moisture decreases with the advancement of Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Benga l branch, the amount of rainfall decreases from the coast towards interior. By the time the Arabian Sea branch reaches Rajasthan, the amount of moisture content in it will be less. That iS why most parts of Rajasthan are deserts.

Question 17.
Write notes on the major soil types and major crops cultivated in the Northern mountain region, Northern plains, Peninsular plateau and coastal plains.
Answer:
Northern mountain :
Soil: Mountain soil
Crops : Potato, barley, saffron, apple, orange

Northern Plains :

• Soil: Alluvial soil ‘
• Crops: Wheat, maize, rice, sugarcane

Peninsular plateau :

• Soil: Black soil
• Crops: Cotton, maize, sugarcane

Coastal plains :
Soil: Alluvial soil Crops: Paddy, coconut

Answer the following. Score 5 each

Question 1.
Which are the two branches of south west monsoon winds? Identify the regions where they cause rainfall.
Answer:
Due to the peculiar shape of the Indian peninsula, the south west monsoon winds bifurcate into two branches – Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch before entering the land. ‘

Arabian Sea branch
The Arabian Sea branch that reaches Kerala coast by the beginning of June gives heavy rainfall there. Then it advances to the states of Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat and causes rainfall in the western parts.

Bay of Bengal branch
The Bay of Bengal branch which absorbs moisture from Bay of Bengal advances through Sundarban delta and enters West Bengal and bifurcates into two. One branch enters the Brahmaputra plains and gives heavy rainfall in the north eastern states. Khasi, Garo hills obstruct the winds to cause rainfall.

The other branch enters the Ganga plains and gives rainfall in the states of West Bengal, Bihar and Utter Pradesh. This branch joins with the Arabian Sea branch in the Punjab plain, moves northward and gives heavy rainfall in the foothills of the Himalayas.

Question 2.
Write the features of winter season in India.
Answer:
Winter season is experienced in India from December to February. India experiences winter season when the sun is in the southern hemisphere. North India experiences severe cold during this time. This is because temperature decreases from south to north.
During this season, days are generally warm and nights are severely cold in North India. Snowfall is a common phenomenon in hill stations like Manali and Shimla.

The phenomenon of western disturbance is another feature of the cold season; Cyclones originating in the Mediterranean Sea in winter travel eastwards and enter India. This causes winter rainfall in North Indian plains, especially in Punjab region. This is known as western disturbance. This rainfall is very beneficial for rabi crops. Jet streams bring western disturbance to India.

Question 3.
Write the features of the summer season in India based on the hints.
Duration
Intensity of heat
Local storms
Answer:
summer season in India is experienced from March to May. India experiences summer when the sun is in the northern hemisphere. There is a steady increase in temperature from south to north. North India has high temperature compared to the southern regions located close to sea.

The highest temperature in India during summer season is experienced at Barmer (55°C) in the western part of Rajasthan. The low pressure that develops over North India results in the formation of dry, hot wind called Loo. The local wind known as Mangoshowers causes rainfall in Kerala during this time. Kalbaisakhi is a local wind in West Bengal causing thundershowers and hailstorms.

Question 4.
Classify the Peninsular rivers based on origin, direction of flow, length, tributaries, states through which they flow and the sea to which they join.
Answer:
Mahanadi: Maikala ranges of Madhya Pradesh – east-flowing – 857 km – lb, Tel, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha- Bay of Bengal.

Godavari: Nasik district of Maharashtra – east-flowing – 1465 km – Indravathi, Sabari – Maharashtra, Telengana, Andhra Pradesh- Bay of Bengal.

Krishna: Mahabaleswar hills in Maharashtra- east flowing – 1400km, – Bhima, Tungabhadra- Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telengana, Andhra Pradesh – Bay of Bengal.

Kaveri: Brahmagiri hills is Karnataka – east flowing – 800km – Kabani, Amaravathi – Karnataka, Tamil Nadu – Bay of Bengal.

Narmada : Maikala ranges of Chhattisgarh – west flowing – 1312km – Hiran, Banjan- Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat-Arabian Sea.

Tapti: Muntai plateau in Madhya Pradesh – west flowing – 724 km – Anar, Gima- Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat – Arabian Sea.

Question 5.
The names of tributaries of some rivers are given. Answer the questions based on them. –
Chambal
Gomati
Tungabhadra
Sutlej
a. Which are the tributaries of Himalayan rivers?
b. Which are the tributaries of Peninsular rivers?
c. Which river originates from Peninsular plateau and joins Ganga?
d. Which river originates from Himalayas and joins Ganga?
e. Complete the table

Answer:
a. Chambal, Gomati, Sutlej, Ravi, Manas, Tista
b. Thungabhadra, Gima, lb
c. Chambal
d. Gomati
e.

Answer the following. Score 6 each

Question 1.
The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges. Write their features.
OR
Arrange the mountain ranges Himachal, Siwalik and Himadri in accordance with altitude and write their features.
Answer:
The Himalayan mountain range forms an arc shaped physical division extending between north-
west Trans Himalayas and the south east Eastern Highlands. These mountain ranges have a length of about 2400 km. It consists of three parallel ranges namely Himadri, Himachal and Siwalik.
Himadri: 6000 m
Siwalik:1220 m
Himachal:3000 m

Himadri

• Highest mountain ranges in the Himalayas.
• Average altitude is about 6000 m.
• The source of Ganga and Brahmaputra
• Mountain peaks with a height of more than 8000 m are situated in this range!
  Eg: Kanchenjunga, Nanda Devi .
• Snow covered throughout the year.

Himachal

• Situated to the south of the Himadri
• Average altitude is above 3000 m.
• Hill stations like Shimla, Dajjeeling are situated on the southern slope of this range. “

Siwalik

• Situated to the south of the Himachal and is . the southernmost range.
• Average altitude is about 1220 m.
• As the Himalayan rivers cut across the range, its continuity breaks at many places.
• Broad flat valleys called Duns are seen along these ranges.
  Eg. Dehradun.

Question 2.
What are the different types of soils found in India? Write their features.
Answer:

Question 3.
India is a land of diverse topography, climate and- drainage. Substantiate with example. •
Answer:
India presents a diverse topography with lofty mountains, broad plateaus, extensive plains and long coast line. She is a land of long rivers, local and seasonal climatic difference and diverse natural vegetation. The following is a description of the diversity seen in the above mentioned factors.

Topography: Physiographically India can be classified into four divisions.

• Northern mountain region
• Great plains of the north
• Peninsular plateau
• Coastal plains and islands

The Northern mountain ranges are subdivided into Trans Himalayas, Himalayas and Eastern Highlands. The highest peak in India Mount K₂ or Godwin Austin is in the Karakoram range of Trans Himalayas. Himadri is the highestmountain range in the Himalayas. Himachal range is located south of Himadri and Siwalik range to further south. The world’s rainiest spot Cherrapunji is located in the thickly forested Khasi, Jaintia and Garo Hills of Eastern Highlands.

Climate: The climate is not the same in all the months in all places of India. Though there is much local diversity in climate, India in general, has a monsoon climate. Based on temperature and rainfall, the seasons of India are divided into four – winter season, summer season, south west monsoon season and north east monsoon season. In India there are places like Cherrapunji with more than 1080 cm of annual rainfall and places like Jaisalmer with less than 12 cm of annual rainfall.

While the western coastal plains and the north east regions receive an annual rainfall greater than 400 cm, Western Rajastan, Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab have less than 60 cm. The Himalayan peaks experiencing intense cold conditions throughout the year and the place Banner that recorded the highest temperature (55°C) are also in India. In this way, India experiences diverse climatic conditions.

Drainage (Rivers): Indian rivers are classified into Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers. Floods occur in the Himalayan rivers due to rainfall in the rainy season and the melting of ice in summer. But the Peninsular rivers overflow during the rainy season and cause floods and dry up during summer causing destruction to crops. The Himalayan rivers that carry large volume of water are suitable for inland navigation. They have a number of tributaries. Peninsular rivers are not ‘ very long and do not have many tributaries. Thus India has a diverse drainage system.

Question 4.
Compare the two monsoon seasons of India and state the influence they exert on different parts of India. ,
Answer:
The rainy season of India is known as monsoon season. The two monsoon seasons namely south west monsoon and north east monsoon exert great influence all over India.

South west monsoon season
The period of south west monsoon season in India is from June to September. This is the main rainy season in India because the country receives about 60% rainfall during this period.
When the sun is in the northern hemisphere, North Indian regions experience intense low pressure. Owing to high pressure over the oceans, winds blow from high pressure to low pressure, ie, from the Indian Ocean to the , Indian subcontinent. As the winds deflect towards right due to Coriolis effect, they reach India as south west monsoon winds.
Because of the peculiar shape of the Indian Peninsula, the south west monsoon winds bifurcate into two branches before entering the land – the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch.

The Arabian Sea branch
The Arabian Sea branch which reaches Kerala coast by early June gives heavy rainfall there. Then it advances to the states of Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra and Gujarat and causes rainfall in the western parts. This is because the Western Ghats obstruct the moisture-laden monsoon winds. But the eastern slopes of Western Ghats receive very little rainfall and have become a rain shadow region. This branch then enters Rajasthan through Gujarat and passes parallel to the Aravalli ranges. As a result, Rajasthan gets only scanty rainfall.

Bay of Bengal branch
The Bay of Bengal branch advances northward and absorbs moisture from the Bay of Bengal and enters West Bengal and bifurcates into two. One branch enters the Brahmaputra valley and gives heavy rainfall in the north eastern states. This is because Khasi and Garo hills obstruct this wind. The other branch enters the Ganga plains and gives rainfall in Wcst Bengal. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. It joins with the Arabian Sea branch in the Punjab plain, moves northward and gives heavy rainfall in the foothills of the Himalayas.

North east monsoon season
The months of October and November are the period of north east monsoon. Intense high pressure develops over North Indian plains and winds are retreating. High temperature and humidity make the days unbearable. The sun is in the southern hemisphere after September and so North Indian plains experience high pressure. But the Indian Ocean regions experience low pressure. So winds blow from the north of India to the Indian Ocean. These are the north east monsoon winds. As they are dry, they do not cause rainfall.

These winds attracted to the low-pressure regions of Bay of Bengal absorb moisture from Bay of Bengal and move in the north east to south east direction. As a result, heavy rainfall is caused on the Coromandal Coast, especially in Tamil Nadu. Kerala and some parts of Karnataka also receive north east monsoon rain.

Question 5.
The distribution of rainfall in India is not uniform. Why? On the basis of rainfall. classfy India into djfferent rainfall regions.
Answer:
Though the whole of India experiences the influence of monsoon rainfall, there is regional variation in the amount of rainfall received. In India there are places like Cherrapunji with more than 1080 cm of rainfall and places like Jaisalmer with less than 12 cm rainfall. Similarly when Kerala gets heavy rainfall during the south west monsoon season, the neighbouring Tamil Nadu gets very less rainfall during this period.

Reasons for tlie disparity in the distribution of rainfall
i. Nearness to sea
ii. Distance from the sea
iii. Location of the mountains
iv. Direction of winds
v. Area of land regions

Rainfall zones in India
i. Heavy rainfall regions and reasons (above 200 cms): West coast plains (region between Kerala and Maharashtra), some places in North-Eastern regions, north – eastern parts of North Indian plains come under this zone. The annual rainfall here is more than 200 cms. The reasons for the heavy rainfall here are Western Ghats, North Eastern Hills and the Himalayas.

ii. High rainfall regions and reasons (between 100 and 200 cms): This zone includes Western Ghat regions, most parts of North Indian plains, north – eastern paits of Peninsular India and North Eastern regions. The reasons are nearness to sea and the Himalayas.

iii. Moderate rainfall regions (between 60 and 100 cms): This zone includes the south and south-west of Kashmir, Malwa Plateau, Deccan plateau and central parts of Tamil Nadu. The reason for the moderate rainfall is the distance from the sea.

iv. Low rainfall regions (below 60 cms) :
Rajasthan, western parts of Gujarat, central parts of Deccan plateau and northern parts of Kashmir come under this zone. The reasons for low rainfall are distance from the sea and the location of regional land forms like mountains (eg. Aravalli mountains).

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Chapter 10 Consumer: Satisfaction and Protection

We all are consumers. Variety in products, personal interest, increasing demands, influence of market force, etc. have complicated and widened the scope of consumption. So the chances for exploiting the consumers are also more. Consumers must be able to consume with ease and without being exploited. The unit explains the laws, administrative mechanism and consumer education necessary for this.

→ Consumption: Consumption is the satisfaction of human wants using goods and services.

→ Consumer : The person who purchases and uses goods and services by paying or agreeing to pay a price.

→ Consumer satisfaction : The act of fulfilling the wants of the consumer through the consumption of goods and services.

→ Consumer Protection Act, 1986 : The first major Act passed in India for the protection of the rights of consumers. It clearly defines the comsumer’s rights and sets up special judiciary mechanisms for consumer protection in India.

→ Consumer Courts : The situations in which the consumers are not satisfied with the dealings of the producers and distributors, they can approach the consumer courts which are mechanisms for helping them as per the law.

→ District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum : Consumer court at the district level.

→ State C°nsuiner Disputes Redressal Commission : Consumer court at the state level.

→ National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission : Consumer court at the national level.

→ BIS : Bureau of Indian Standard gives the ISI mark to ensure a fixed quality of products.

→ ISI mark : Indian Standard Institute mark is a certification mark for industrial products in India.
The ISI mark is mandatory for certifying products to be sold in India.

→ ISO : International Organization for Standardisation certifies the quality of goods and services.
Hallmark: Indicates the purity of gold jewellery.

The word is derived from .the Goldsmith’s Company ‘hall’ in London where the purity of these were attested.

→ Agmark: Symbol used to ensure the quality of agricultural and forest products in India.

→ FPO : Food Products Order is a certification ; mark on the safety and quality products/ processed from fruits and vegetables.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Chapter 9 Financial Institutions and Services

You have seen the currency notes used in India. Do you know the institution that has the legal right to issue these notes? Look at this picture.

You can see this on all the notes used in India. This is the symbol of the Reserve Bank of India which has the sole legal right to issue currency notes in India. Let us learn about the Reserve Bank of India and the other financial institutions and their services in this unit.

→ Reserve Bank of India : Reserve Bank is the Central Bank of India. It was established in 193 5. Its headquarters is in Mumbai. It is the apex bank which controls all the other banks in India.

→ Financial Institutions : The institutions where financial transactions like deposits and loans take place.

→ Banks : Banks are those institutions which accept deposits from the public and grant loans to the needy subject to conditions.

→ Commercial Banks : The banks which accept deposits and lend money for commercial purposes, industrial and agricultural purposes.

→ Regional Rural Banks : The banks established in 1975 to provide banking services in the rural areas in different states.

→ Savings deposit: A scheme that helps the public to deposit their savings. It helps to promote saving habit. It offers low rate of interest.

→ Fixed deposit: A scheme for depositing money for a specific period of time by individuals and institutions. It gives high rate of interest.

→ Current deposit : A scheme that allows depositors to deposit and withdraw money many times in a day. It is meant for traders and industrialists and does not offer any interest.

→ Recurring deposit : A scheme of depositing money at fixed intervals for a fixed period.

→ Cash credit: Loans given to individuals and institutions by banks on the basis of collateral securities like physical assets, gold, salary certificate, etc. .

→ Overdraft : Facility given to permanent and reliable customers to withdraw money over and above the credit balance.

→ Electronic banking: A method of banking that carries out transactions through net banking and tele banking.

→ Core banking: (Centralised Online Real Time Electronic (CORE) banking is a facility under which all the branches of the banks are brought under a central server to enable transaction from one bank to another.

→ Development banks : Banks that provide long term credit for agricultural, industrial and commercial purposes.

→ Specialized banks : The institutions that provide financial help for the development of certain specific sectors.

→ NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development is the apex bank operating for agricultural and rural development.

→ Bharatiya Mahila Bank: The financial institution started in 2013, exclusively for women and lending predominantly to women. Its slogan, was “Women empowerment is India’s empowerment”. Merged with SBI in 2017.

→ Payment Banks : Banks that have been established to help low income groups, small scale industrialists and migrant labourers.

→ MUDRA Bank: Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank is a bank for providing short term loans to small scale entrepreneurs and micro finances.

→ Non – banking Financial Institutions : The institutions which operate in the financial sector but not rendering all the banking services.

→ Micro Finance : A system that extends financial services to low income groups for self employment activities.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Chapter 8 Resource Wealth of India

Natural resources are development of any country. India is blessed with diverse and abundant natural resources. Only the judicious use of resources will help the development of any country. The unit examines the role of agriculture, industry and transport in India’s economic progress.

→ Millets : Small grains like ragi, jowar, etc.

→ Golden fibre : Jute is called golden fibre.

→ Metallic minerals : Minerals with metallic content.

→ Non metallic minerals : Minerals without metallic content.

→ Food crops : Crops which can be directly consumed as food.

→ Cash crops : Crops having industrial and commercial significance.

→ Kharif crops : Crops that are cultivated at the onset of monsoon and harvested by the end of monsoon. Eg. rice, cotton.

→ Rabi crops : Crops that are cultivated by the beginning of winter season and harvested by the beginning of summer. Eg. Wheat.

→ Zaid crops : Crops that are cultivated by the beginning of summer and harvested by the beginning of monsoon. Eg. Fruits, vegetables.

→ Universal fibre : Cotton is called universal fibre. Cotton is used world wide as the raw material for textile industry. Hence it is known as ‘Universal fibre’.

→ Fibre crops : Crops that yield yam or fibre for making textiles and other things. Eg. Cotton, jute.

→ Conventional energy sources : Resources available in nature and depleted when they are used. Eg. Coal.

→ Non conventional energy sources : Resources that are depleted after use, but renew again. Eg. Solar power.

→ Agro-based industries : Industries that use agricultural products as raw materials. Eg. Sugar industry.

→ Mineral based industries : Industries that use minerals as raw materials. Eg. Iron and steel industry.

→ National Highways” The major roads in the country linking state capitals, major cities and ports.

→ State Highways : State’s major roads linking state capitals with district headquarters.

→ Super Highways : The six lane super highways connecting the four major cities of India.

→ Konkan Railway : The railway line extending from Roha in Maharashtra to Mangalore in Karnataka.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Chapter 7 India: The Land of Diversities

India is a land of diversity. India’s topography is diverse with lofty mountains, huge rivers, extensive plateaus, broad plains and long coastline. India also experiences regional and seasonal, climatic variations. Though a part of the Asian continent, India is distinct from other parts of Asia. The Himalayas and the Indian Ocean have helped India to have a culture and climate distinct from other countries. The basis of the growth and development of India, an agrarian country, are diverse topography, climate, soil and rivers. The chapter helps to get a glimpse of these facts.

India Topography

→ Physiographically India can be classified into five divisions:

• The Northern Mountain region
• The Northern Great Plains
• The Peninsular Plateau – iv. Coastal Plains
• Islands

→ Northern Mountain region : This stretches from Kashmir in the north west to the Indian border in the east.

→ This mountain belt is divided into three-Trans Himalayas, Himalayas and Eastern Highlands.

→ The Trans Himalayas comprises the Karakoram, Ladakh and Zaskar mountain ranges.

→ The highest peak in India, Mount K2 or Godwin Austin (861 f m) is in the Karakoram range.

→ Pamir Knot is called the roof of the world.

→ The Himalayas which tend in north west- south east direction for a length of2400 km is an arc shaped mountain range.

→ The three parallel ranges of the Himalayas are Himadri, Himachal and Siwalik.

→ Himadri : Northernmost and the highest Himalayan range. The mountain peaks Mount Everest (Sagarmatha), Kanchenjunga, Nandadevi and Dhaulagiri are in Himadri.

→ Mount Everest is in Nepal.

→ The valleys of Kulu, Manali, Shimla, Darjeeling, Nainital and Mussoorie are in
Himachal.

→ The Purvachal or the Eastern Highlands are in the north east of India. The thickly forested Khasi-Jaintia hills in this region are the world’s rainiest spots.

The Northern Great Plain : This zone lies between northern mountain region and peninsular plateau. This extensive plain took shape as a result of the continuous deposition by the rivers flowing down from the Himalayas for thousands of years. This is the most fertile region in India and so is densely populated. Known as the granary of India. The major divisions of this plain are Punjab – Haryana plain, Marusthali – Bagar plain, Gangetic plain and Brahmaputra plain.

→ Thar desert is in Rajasthan. It lies to the west of Northern plains. Aravalli ranges are responsible for the formation of Thar desert.

Peninsular Plateau : This is the oldest and the most extensive physiographic division in India.

→ The nine subdivisions of peninsular plateau are Aravalli range, Malwa plateau, Vindhya range, Satpura range, Chotanagpur plateau, Deccan plateau, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Kathiawar-Kachch regions.

Coastal Plains extend from the Rann of Kachch in Gujarat to the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta in West Bengal.

→ Coastal plains are divided into west coast plains and east coast plains.

→ The three divisions of west coast plains are Gujarat coastal plain (Rann of Kachch to Daman), Konkan coast (Daman to Goa) and Malabar coast (Goa to Kanyakumari).

→ The two subdivisions of east coast plains are Coromandel coast (Kanyakumari to Nellore in Andhra Pradesh) and North Sircar coast (Nellore to Sunderban in West Bengal).

→ Islands : Lakshadweep islands are in the Arabian sea. These are coral islands. The main islands are Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindive.

→ Known as Bay Islands, the Andaman and Nicobar islands are located in the Bay of Bengal. These islands are divided into Andaman group and Nicobar group. The only volcano in India, the Barren is situated in the Barren island of Mid Andaman.

INDIA – Rivers

→ The two river systems of India are Himalayan river system and Peninsular river system.

→ The main Himalayan rivers are the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

→ The east flowing peninsular rivers are Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri. .

→ The west flowing peninsular rivers are Narmada and Tapti.

INDIA- Climate

→ India experiences monsoon climate. The four seasons of India are:

• Winter season – December to February
• Summer season – March to May
• South west monsoon season – June to September
• North east monsoon season – October to November

→ Land of Rising sun : Arunachal Pradesh is called the land of rising sun. This is because it is the easternmost part of India where the rays of the rising sun fall first in India.

→ Passes : The natural gaps in the mountain ranges which help to traverse the mountain without much difficulty.

→ Siachen Glacier : The second longest glacier in the world outside the polar regions is located jn the eastern side of the Karakoram Ranges. It is also known as ‘Third Pole’.

→ Western disturbance : Rainfall in north west India in the winter season due to the low pressure system originating in the Mediterranean sea.

→ Mangoshowers : Local winds that blow over South India during summer and give rainfall in Kerala and coastal Karnataka.

→ Kalbaisakhi : Dry local wind in West Bengal and Assam during summer causing thundershowers and hail storms.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 10 Consumer: Satisfaction and Protection

Answer the following. Score 1 each

Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Which among the following is not included in consumer court?
District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum
State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
Bureau of Indian Standard
Answer:
Bureau of Indian Standard

Question 2.
Which of the following is the first Act for Consumer Protection?
Sale of Goods Act
Agriculture Produce (Grading and Marketing) Act
Essential Commodities Act
Answer:
Sale of Goods Act

Question 3.
Hallmark symbol shows the purity of
Vegetable food products
Gold ornaments
Fruit products
Answer:
Gold ornaments

Complete the statements suitably.

Question 1.
…………….. is the satisfaction of human wants using goods and services.
Answer:
Consumption

Question 2.
The act of fulfilling the wants of the consumer through the consumption of goods and services is called …………………
Answer:
consumer satisfaction

Question 3.
Consumer courts were set up in India as per the ………………. Act of 1986.
Answer:
Consumer Protection

Question 4
……………….. controls the price of medicines in India.
Answer:
Central Drugs Price Control Committee

Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
Who is a consumer?
Answer:
A consumer is a person who purchases and uses goods and services by paying or agreeing to pay a price.

Question 2.
What is meant by consumer satisfaction?
Answer:
The act of fulfilling the wants of the consumer through the consumption of goods and services is called consumer satisfaction.

Question 3.
What are Consumer courts?
Answer:
Consumer courts are mechanisms for helping the consumers as per the law when they are not satisfied with the dealings of the producers and distributors.

Question 4.
How does Legal Metrology Department help the interest of consumers?
Answer:
Legal Metrology Department ensures the weights and measures standards.

Question 5.

What does this symbol represent?
Answer:
The symbol used internationally to certify the safety of electronic and electrical appliances.

Question 6.
Why is the symbol ‘Agmark’ used?
Answer:
Agmark symbol is used to ensure the quality of agricultural and forest products.

Question 7.
What does FPO stand for?
Answer:
FPO certifies the safety and quality of products processed from fruits and vegetables.

Question 8.
How does the Essential Commodities Act of 1955 protect the consumers?
Answer:
The Essential Commodities Act of 195 5 protects the consumers from supernormal profit, hoarding and black marketing.

Question 9.
Which government department ensures the quality of food products at various stages like production, distribution, storage, sale and import?
Answer:
Food Safety and Standard Authority of India.

Answer the following. Score 2 each

Question 1.
Distinguish between consumption and consumer.
Answer:

• Consumption is the satisfaction of human wants – using goods and services.
• Consumer is the one who purchases and uses goods and services by paying or agreeing to pay a price.

Question 2.
Different economic activities are inter related. Prepare a flowchart using the following.

Distribution
Consumption
Production
Answer:

Question 3.
‘Fast assurance of justice’ is a feature of consumer courts. What are the other
Answer:

• Simple procedure
• Less court expenses

Question 4.
Today we have to pay for all items including water. Why?
Answer:

• Scarcity of resources
• Increase in wants

Question 5.
What does the consumer expect when he purchases goods and uses services?
Answer:

• Get goods at reasonable/fair price
• Quality
• Reliability
• After sale services

Question 6.
Who gives ISI symbol? On which products is this symbol seen?
Answer:

• Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) gives ISI symbol to ensure a fixed quality of products.
• ISI symbol can be seen in products such as electrical appliances, cement, paper, paint, gas cylinder, etc.

Question 7.
What is the service of ISO?
Answer:

• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) certifies the quality of goods and services of more than 120 countries including India.
• ISO gives certification to different products and service institutions like hospitals, banks, etc.

Question 8.
Which are the factors that have complicated and widened the scope of consumption?
Answer:

• Variety in products
• Personal interest
• Increasing demands
• Influence of market force

Question 9.
Which are the departments that fulfill the following functions to protect the interests of consumers?
a. Ensuring the quality and safety of medicines
b. Controls price of medicines.
Answer:
a. Drugs Control Department
b. Central Drugs Price Control Committee

Question 10.
What does the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 ensure? Name the services that come under this Act.
Answer:

• The Act ensures that the prescribed conditions of sale are met while purchasing products.
• Violation of guarantee, warranty and after sale services come under this Act.

Answer the following. Score 3 each

Question 1.
How far are the consumer courts helpful in ensuring justice to consumers and to create confidence in them?
Answer:
Consumer courts are judicial mechanisms for assisting the consumers when they are not satisfied with the dealings of the producers and distributors. They settle consumer disputes by various means including ensuring compensation for the consumers. They play an important role in ensuring justice to the consumers. They are able to create confidence in them and bring about a qualitative change in their lives.

For the redressal of consumer
grievances, a three-tier system of courts at the district level, state level and national level has been set up. They are referred to as the ‘District Forum’, ‘State Commission’ and the ‘National Commission’. While the National Commission is set up by the central government, the state commissions and the district forums are set up by the state governments.

The courts give verdict for

• Replacing the products.
• Direction to rectify defects in services.
• Repayment of cash paid or excess amount appropriated.
• Monetary compensation for the loss.

Question 2.
What are the consumer habits formed as a result of consumer education?
Answer:

• Ask for the bill for eveiy purchase made.
• Make sure that the weights and measures are accurate.
• Make sure while purchasing packed items, that the name of the product, date of packing, expiiy date, weight, price, etc. are stated.
• Note the symbols representing the standard of the products.

Question 3.
Which are the courts set up in India for the protection of consumer rights?
Answer:
A three tier system of courts are set up in India as per the Consumer Protection Act of 1986.

• District Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum functions at district level set up by the state government.
• State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at the state level, set up by the state government.
• National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission at the national level, set up by the central government.

Question 4.
The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 has set up a three level advisory councils, besides consumer courts. Which are they?
Answer:

• District Consumer Protection Council
• State Consumer Protection Council
• National Consumer Protection Council
  These councils advise the respective governments on consumer rights.

Question 5.
Write the methods to be adopted for consumer education.
Answer:

• Conduct awareness programmes
• Inclusion in the curriculum
• Observance of National Consumer Day
• Publish pamphlets, booklets and magazines to make the consumers aware of their rights
• Conduct seminars, workshops, etc. about consumer’s problems
• Give legal assistance to file complaints in consumer courts

Question 6.
Write the structure of the three level consumer courts in India.
Answer:

• District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum: President and two members. At least one woman member.
• State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission: President and two members. At least one woman member.
• National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission: President and not less than four members.

Question 7.
Which are the institutions or departments that can take actions in the following situations?
a. To control price of medicines
b. Manipulation in weights and measures
c. Adulteration of food items.
Answer:
a. Central Drugs Price Control Committee
b. Legal Metrology Department
c. Food Safety Department

Answer the following. Score 4 each

Question 1.
Prakash bought 5 shirts from a textile shop for ₹ 5000. He found them defective after one week The textile shop owner refused to replace new shirts or pay back the money. So Prakash decided to submit a complaint to the District Consumer Court. Write similar situations when complaints about consumer disputes can be made.
Or
Write any four situations where complaints about consumer disputes can be filed.
Answer:

• Violation of the prevention of adulteration law.
• Defective services received from government or private institutions.
• Appropriation of prices over and above the amount legally fixed or marked on the outer casing.
• Sale of products which are harmful to life and safety.
• Loss due to trading methods which lead to unfair trade practices and limited consumer freedom.

Question 2.
What is the importance of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986? What are the rights guaranteed by the Act?
Answer:
The Consumer Protection Act 1986 clearly defines the consumer’s rights and sets up special judiciary mechanisms for consumer protection in India.

Rights guaranteed:

• The right to be protected against the marketing of goods and services which are hazardous to life and property.
• The right to be informed about the quality, quantity, standard and prices of goods and services.
• The right to have access to a variety of goods and services at a reasonable price.
• The right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices or in case the product or service falls short of the expectations of the consumer.
• The right to consumer education,

Question 3.
Apart from the Consumer Protection Act of1986, there are many other Acts passed in India for consumer protection. Write any four of them.
Or
What are some of the legal protection to consumers in India?
Answer:

• The Sale of Goods Act 1930 : The Act ensures that the prescribed conditions of sale are met while purchasing goods. Violation of guarantee, warranty, after sale services, etc. come under this Act.
• The Agriculture Produce (Grading and Marketing) Act 1937 : The Act is meant for determining the standard of agricultural products.
• The Essential Commodities Act 1955 : The Act protects the consumers from super normal profit, hoarding, black marketing, etc.
• The Weights and Measures Act 1976 : The Act is helpful in preventing cheating in weights and measures.

Question 4.
Many departments and institutions function at the administrative level for the protection of the right of consumers. Write a note on this administrative mechanism.
Answer:

• Legal Metrology Department : Ensures weights and measures standards.
• Food Safety Department: Ensures the quality of food products.
• Central Drugs Price Control Committee: Controls price of medicines.
• Drugs Control Department : Ensures the quality and safety of medicines.
• Food Safety and Standard Authority of India : Ensures the quality of food products at the various stages like production, distribution, storage, sale and import.

Question 5.
Consumer education is inevitable today. Why?
Answer:

• Variety in products, personal interest, increasing demands, influence of market force etc. have complicated and widened the scope of consumption.
• Consumer education is necessary for the acquisition of right habits by the consumers.
• Widespread exploitation of consumers by unscrupulous and exploitative trade practices like defective and unsafe products, adulteration, false and misleading advertisements, hoarding and black-marketing. Consumer education enables the consumer to identify these.
• Consumer education helps-consumers to get their grievances redressed.
• Widespread ignorance of consumers.
• To form consumer organisations to take care of the interests of the consumer.

Question 6.
Consumer education empowers the consumer in different ways. Explain.
Answer:

• Helps to consume sensibly as per the wants.
• Helps to acquire information about the products and services.
• Enables the consumer to make the right choices.
• Makes the consumer aware of his rights.
• Makes them capable of intervening in consumer disputes.
• Takes suitable action when faced with a problem.
• Develops the ability to demand safe, reliable and good quality products at a reasonable price.
• Becomes well informed and vigilant against corrupt practices in the market.

Question 7.
What are the problems faced by the consumers today?
Answer:

• Extracting excess price than legally fixed by unscrupulous traders and sellers.
• Violation of the prevention of adulteration law.
• Manipulation in weights and measures.
• Sale of products harmful to life and safety.
• Lack of standardised products.
• Delay in providing services.
• Misleading advertisement

Question 8.
Write examples for compensations for consumer disputes obtained through consumer courts.
Or

The news item is an example for settling disputes and issuing compensation by consumer courts.
Which are the other ways of compensation issued by courts?
Answer:

• Replacing the product
• Repayment of cash paid or excess amount appropriated.
• Monetary compensation for the loss.
• Stopping harmful trade practices.
• Prohibition of the sale of harmful food items.
• Reimbursement of the expenses incurred in lodging the complaint.
• Direction to rectify the defects in services.

Question 9.
Which are the institutions set up to advise the governments on consumer rights? How have they come into existence? What is their main responsibility?
Answer:

• Three-level advisory councils are:
  • District Consumer Protection Council
  • State Consumer Protection Council
  • National Consumer Protection Council
• These have come into existence as per the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.
• The main responsibility of these councils is to advise the respective governments on consumer rights.

Question 10.
Symbols are given on the basis of assessing the standard of products and institutions. Identify the symbols and choose the correct order.


I. a. ii, b. i, c. iv, d. iii

Question 11.
Intervention of vigilant society will ensure protection of consumer. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:
Society can intervene in

• Functioning of consumer organisations.
• Public interest litigation
• Consumer education

Question 12.
What are the circumstances where the consumers are exploited? What can consumers do if they are cheated?
Answer:

• Charging excess prices
• Selling low quality products
• Adulteration
• Manipulation in weights and measures
• Delay in making services available
• Unsatisfactory after sale services

In circumstances in which the consumers are not satisfied with the dealings of the producers and distributors, they can approach the consumer courts which are mechanisms for helping them as per the law. Consumer courts play an important role in ensuring justice to the consumers. They settle consumer disputes by various means including ensuring compensation for the consumers. The consumer courts are able to create confidence in the consumers and bring about a qualitative change in their lives. So they are called the guardians of the rights of consumers.

Question 13.
What are the habits you have to develop as a good consumer?
Answer:
Good habits to be developed by consumers

• Ask for bill for every purchase made.
• Make sure that the weights and measures are accurate.
• Make sure while purchasing packed items that the name Of the product, date of packing, expiry date, weight, prize, etc. are stated.
• Note the symbols representing the standard of the products.

Question 14.
Describe the structure of National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission. Write any three compensations obtained through consumer courts.
Answer:

• Structure of NCDRC
  National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at national level. It consists of President and not less than four members. Central government has the right to appoint more members.
• Examples for compensations obtained through Consumer Courts
  • Replacing the product
  • Repayment of cash paid or excess amount appropriated
  • Monetary compensation for the loss.
  • Prohibition of the sale of harmful food items.

Question 15.
Explain the structure and jurisdiction of the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum.
Answer:
District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum

• Structure : Functions at the district level. It consists of a President and two other members, one of whom should be a woman.
• Jurisdiction : After collecting the evidence based on the complaint filed by the consumer, verdicts are given where the compensation claimed does hot exceed ₹20 lakhs.

Question 16.
What are consumer courts? List out their features.
Answer:
Consumer Courts:
There are situations in which the consumers are not satisfied with the dealings of the producers and distributors. Under such circumstances, they can approach the consumer courts which are mechanisms for assisting or helping them as per law.

Features of consumers courts:

• Consumer courts play an important role in ensuring justice to consumers..
• They settle consumer disputes by various means including ensuring compensation for the consumers.
• The consumer courts are able to create confidence in the consumers and bring about a qualitative change in their lives.

Answer the following. Score ‘5’, ‘6’ each

Question 1.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 2.
Describe the structure and powers of the consumer courts in India.
Answer:
The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 seeks to protect and promote the interests of consumers. The Act provides for the setting up of courts operating at three levels – district, state and national.
District Forum
Structure:
The District Consumer
Disputes Redressel Forum functions at the district level. It consists of a President and two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the stategovemment.

Power:
A complaint can be made to the District Forum when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, does not exceed ₹20 lakhs. On receiving the complaint, the District Forum shall refer the complaint to the party against whom the complaint is filled. If required, the goods shall be sent for testing ¡n a laboratory. The District Forum shall pass an order fier considering the test report. If the aggrieved party is not satisfied with the verdict of the District Forum, he can appeal before the State Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

State Commission
Structure:
The state Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at the state
level. It consists of a President and not less than two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the state government.

Power:
A complaint can be made to the State Commission when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds ₹20 lakhs, but does not exceed ₹1 crore. The Commission shall pass an order after considering the test report from the laboratory and hearing to the party against whom the complaint is filed. In case the aggrieved party is not satisfied with the order of the State Commission, he can appeal before the National Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

National Forum
Structure:
The National Consumer . Disputes Redressal Commission functions
at the national level. It consists of a President and atleast 4 other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the Central Government.

Power :
A complaint can be made to the National Commission when the value of the goods and services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds ₹1 crore. The Commission passes the order after following the necessary procedures.

Question 3.
Symbols that help the consumer to ensure the quality of goods and institutions are given below. Identify them and write their services.

Answer:

Question 4.
Write a note on the legal safegaurds for consumer protection in India.
Answer:
The Indian legal framework consists of a number of laws and regulations which provide protection to consumers.

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 :
The Act seeks to promote and protect the interests of consumers. It provides safeguards to consumers against defective goods, deficient services, unfair trade practices and other forms of their exploitation. The Act provides for the setting up of consumer courts at the district levels, state levels and national level. It also provides for the formation of consumer protection councils in every district and state and at the apex level.

The Sale of Goods Act 1930 : The Act ensures that the prescribed conditions of sale are met while purchasing products. Violation of guarantee, warranty, after sale services, etc. come under this Act.

The Agriculture Produce (Grading and Marketing) Act 1937 : The Act is meant for determining the standard of agricultura products.

The Essential Commodities Act 1955 : The Act protects the consumers from super normal profit, hoarding, black marketing, etc.

Weights and Measures Act 1976 : The Act is helpful in preventing cheating in weights and measures. The Act prevents the use of nonstandard weights and measures.

FOR EXTRA READING
Consumer Rights

The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 provides for 6 rights of consumers.

• Right to Safety : This right protects the consumers from the marketing of goods and services which are dangerous to life and property like adulterated food, unsafe electrical appliances, etc.
• Right to be Informed : This gives the consumer to be informed about the quality, quantity, price, etc. of goods and services. Hence all the products must have a label and this information must be mentioned on the label.
• Right to Choose : This right gives the consumer to have access to a variety of goods and services to satisfactory quality at a reasonable price.
• Right to be Heard : This gives the consumer the right to file a compliant against the malpractice of the traders and the oppressive government policies and to be heard. It is because of this that many business firms have set up their own customer service and grievance cells.
• Right to Seek Redressal : This ensures the consumer to a fair settlement and compensation for genuine and just complaints against faulty goods and services. This includes replacement of the product, removal of defect in the product and compensation paid for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer.
• Right to Consumer Education : The consumer has a right to acquire knowledge and to be a well informed consumer throughout life. He should be aware of his rights and the reliefs available to him in case of a product or service falling short of his expectations.

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS (BIS) ACT

Under this Act, the quality certification mark ISI is given to those products which meet the specifications and standard set by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The BIS gives specification for products in terms of materials used, method of production, labelling, packing, storage and sale.

ECOMARK

This has been launched by BIS. It is given to those products which not only meet ISI standards but are also recyclable and save energy. They are environment friendly and help in reducing environmental pollution.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 11 Sociology: What? Why?

Answer the following. Score 1 each.

Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
Who authored the hook ‘Nalukettu’ which depicted the changes in the customs’ of joint family system which existed in certain communities in Kerala?
M. T. Vasudevan Nair
Takazhi
Kovilan
Answer:
M.T. Vasudevan Nair

Question 2.
The social scientist who analysed the ‘The Decline of Nair Dominance’
Auguste Comte
Robin Jeffrey
Karl Marx
Answer:
Robin Jeffrey

Question 3.
The Father of Sociology
Auguste Comte
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Answer:
Auguste Comte

Question 4.
The thinker who utilised the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin for the study of society.
Emile Durkheim
Herbert Spencer
Max Weber
Answer:
Herbert Spencer

Question 5.
Which University in India started the Department of Sociology for the first time in India?
University of Calcutta
University of Bombay
University of Madras
Answer:
University of Bombay

Question 6.
A set of questions used by researchers for data collection.
Interview
Case study
Questionnaire
Answer:
Questionnaire

Question 7.
The detailed study of a case is
Observation
Interview
Case study
Answer:
Case study

Question 8.
The basic method of study in Sociology
Observation
Interview
Case study
Answer:
Observation

Question 9.
The conversation between the interviewer and the interviewee
Case study
Interview
Social survey
Answer:
Interview

Question 10.
The scientific study on the social aspects of human life.
Anthropology
History
Sociology
Answer:
Sociology

B. Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
Which is study of the origin and racial evolution of man?
Answer:
Anthropology

Question 2.
What led to the rise of Sociology?
Answer:
The social issues following the French Revolution in France.

Question 3.
Where did Sociology originate?
Answer:
In the 19^th century in Western Europe.

Question 4.
Who laid the foundation for the study of Sociology?
Answer:
Auguste Comte

Question 5.
Why is Sociology regarded as a comprehensive study of society?
Answer:
Sociology is the scientific study of the mutual relationship between man and his social environment. So Sociology is regarded as a comprehensive study of society.

Question 6.
What is survey? Why is it considered as the most suitable method to study Sociology?
Answer:
Survey is the most suitable method for the study of Sociology. It helps to formulate a comprehensive view of the topic based on the data collected from a group of selected people.

Question 7.
Who are respondents?
Answer:
Respondents are groups that study questionnaire. The study is carried out using repondents’ responses in the questionnaire.

Question 8.
What is interview?
Answer:
Interview is an important technique or method used to collect information in Sociology. It is the talk between the interviewer and the interviewee.

Question 9.
There are two types of observation. Which are they?
Answer:

1. Participant observation
2. Non-participant observation

Question 10.
What is the speciality of Case study?
Answer:
Case study is used to make an in-depth study on rare and different social phenomena and problems.

Question 11.
What is observation?
Answer:
Observation as a method of study records truth-fully what is seen, heard and experienced.

Answer the following. Score 2 each.

Question 1.
Creative writing is different from the study of Sociology. What are the features of creative writing?
Or
Analyse how creating writing approach a social issue.
Answer:

• Writing is based on creativity and imagination.
• Goal of creative writing is at appreciation.
• Social events are depicted on aesthetic realms.
• Includes emotional reactions and individual experiences.

Question 2.
Sociology originated in Western Europe. Why?
Answer:
The three revolutions that paved the way for the emergence of Sociology took place in Western Europe. They were Renaissance, French Revolution and Industrial Revolution. The social issues in France after the Revolution led to the rise of Sociology.

Question 3.
Why is Auguste Comte regarded as the Father of Sociology?
Answer:
The thoughts and ideas of the French thinker Auguste Comte paved the study of Sociology. He called the discipline which he developed as Social Physics first and later as Sociology. Thus Auguste Comte is regarded as the Father of Sociology because of his contributions to the study of Sociology.

Question 4.
What are the contributions of Herbert Spencer for the study of Sociology?
Answer:

• Herbert Spencer was the thinker who utilised the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin for the study of society.
• He clarified that just as biological evolution, human society has passed through different stages and reached the present stage.
• In his book ‘Study of Sociology’, Spencer explains the different stages in the progress of human species.

Question 5.
Who were the western thinkers to contribute to the development of Sociology?
Answer:

• Auguste Comte
• Karl Marx
• Emile Durkheim
• Max Weber

Question 6.
Which are the other branches of Social Science related to Sociology?
Answer:

• Anthropology
• Economics
• History
• Geography
• Psychology
• Political Science

Question 7.
Write the features of Sample survey as a method of study?
Answer:
Sample survey is the collection of information from a selected group of people. Questionnaires are used to collect data. Questionnaires are given to respondents from whom data is collected. Study is carried out using respondents’ responses in questionnaire.

Question 8.
What is Non- participant observation?
Answer:

• In Non-participant observation, the researcher does not collect data directly from the area under study.
• In this, the researcher does not stay with the group under study.
• Instead, he observes the group from outside.
• In this method, the observer adopts an impartial stand.

Question 9.
Case study is used for data collection in Sociology. Write the features of this method of study.
Answer:

• Case study is the detailed study of the case.
• Such studies will be exact and comprehensive.
• The topic under study using this method is called a Case.
• Case study is used to make an in-depth study on rare and different social phenomena and problems.

Question 10.
Analyse the method in which a Sociologist approaches a social issue.
Answer:

• Social issues analysed scientifically.
• Social conditions are analysed on the basis of cause-effect relationship.

Question 11.
What are the methods used for studying Sociology?
Answer:

• Social survey
• Interview
• Observation
• Case study

Question 12.
How interview helps the study of Sociology?
Answer:
Interview helps to know and analyse the attitudes, views, beliefs and habits.

Answer the following. Score 3 each.

Question 1.
Write the dfference betwcen creative writing and Sociological study.
Answer:

Question 2.
Name the thinkers who contributed for the study of Sociology in India.
Answer:

• G S. Khurey
• A. R. Desai
• S. C. Dubey
• D. R Mukherjee
• M. N. Srinivas

Question 3.
Name the three revolutions that paved the way for the emergence of Sociology.
Answer:

1. Renaissance or Scientific Revolution
2. French Revolution
3. Industrial Revolution

Question 4.
The scope of Sociology is vast. Explain.
Answer:
The scope of Sociology is vast. Sociology analyses the interrelationship between individuals and events. It is not only the study of inter relationship between individuals and events but also the problems like unemployment, communal conflicts, problems of the villagers, poverty etc. Social institutions, social organizations, social relations, socialisation and social control also come under the scope of Sociology.

Question 5.
Interview is an important method used to collect information in Sociology. What are the important things to be taken care of in an interview?
Answer:

• Identifying the apt persons
• Formulating an idea of the information to be collected
• Preparing suitable questions
• Effective communication
• Time management
• Proper organization of the information collected and preparing the report.

Question 6.
Participant observation is a popular method of collecting information in Sociology. Write its features.
Or
Explain the method of study of participant observation.
Answer:

• Participant observation is a popular method of data collection in Sociology.
• Researcher himself collects data directly from the group or area under study.
• The social scientist stays with the group under study and learns directly about their life in participant observation.
• The researcher learns their language and culture and becomes part of their daily life.
• Behaviour patterns which are not explicit can be studied through this method.
• Participant observation is also called Fieldwork.

Question 7.
What are the methods of study normally applied in Sociology? Give a brief description of any one of them.
Answer:
Sociology employs a variety of methods for its study. They are:

• social survey
• interview
• observation
• case study.

Social Survey:
Survey is the most suitable method for the study of Sociology. Survey helps to formulate a comprehensive view on the topic under study based on the data collected from a group of selected people. Data is collected from a selected number of people chosen from a large group. Such studies are called sample surveys. Questionnaires prepared beforehand are used to collect data in social survey. Questionnaires are given to respondents from whom data is collected. Respondents are the groups under study. The study is carried out using the respondents’ responses in the questionnaire.

Question 8.
Explain observation method of study employed in Sociology. Specify the type of observation method largely used in the study of early human societies.
Answer:
Observation is the basic method of the study in Sociology. It is the truthful recording of things seen, heard and experienced. Participant observation and Non-participant observation are the two types of observation.
Participant observation is a popular method of study in Sociology.

Question 9.
What is meant by observation method of study? Mention the two types of observations applied in the study of sociology?
Answer:

• Observation method:
  Observation is a method by which whatever is seen, heard and experienced is recorded truthfully. Information thus collected directly helps in correct assessment. Thus it is a method of study in Sociology.
• The two types of observations applied in the study of Sociology are participant observation and nonparticipant observation.
• When the researcher himself collects information directly from the area under study, it is called participant observation. In nonparticipant observation, the researcher does not stay with the group under study.

Question 10.
Define Sociology and bring out the utilities of its study.
Answer:
Sociology is the scientific study of the social aspects of human life. It is the scientific study of the mutual relationship between man and his environment.

Utilities of Sociological study:

• Helps to formulate the right perspective of society.
• Helps to get an objective knowledge of one’s society and societies.
• Helps to know the relation between individual and social institutions.
• Studies social problems precisely.
• Helps to find solutions for social problems.
• Benefits social planning and development.

Question 11.
Interview and social survey are the two methods of study in Sociology. Write a note by comparing them.
Answer:
Interview:
Interview is a method by which information is collected orally. Interview is the talk between the interviewer and the interviewee. As a method of study, interview helps to know and Analyse the attitudes, views, beliefs, habits, etc. of the individuals.

Social survey:
Survey helps to formulate a comprehensive point of view of the topics, based on the data collected from a group of selected people. Survey is used when data is to be collected from a larger population. Questionnaires are used in social surveys. A questionnaire is a set of questions that researchers use to collect data. Questionnaires are given to responds from whom data is collected. Study is carried out using the respondent’s responses in the questionnaire.

In interview, information is collected orally. In social survey using questionnaire, information . is given in writing. In interview, the researcher records the information. In social survey, the respondent provides information.

Answer the following. Score 4 each.

Question 1.
Identify the name of the branch of social science from the hints given below:

Answer:

• Economics
• History
• Political Science
• Anthropology
• Psychology

Question 2.
Write the differences between interview and questionnaire.
Answer:

Question 3.
What are the features of Social survey?
Answer:

• Survey is the most suitable method for the study of social subjects or disciplines.
• Survey helps to formulate a comprehensive view of the topic based on the data collected from a selected group of people.
• Data are collected from a selected number of people chosen from a large group. Such studies are called sample survey.
• Questionnaires prepared in advance are used to collect data in social survey.
• Questionnaires are given to respondents from whom data is collected.

Question 4.
Differentiate between Participant observation and Non-participant observation.
Answer:

Question 5.
What is the need for the study of Sociology?
Answer:

• Helps to formulate the right perspective of society.
• Helps to get an objective knowledge of one’s society and societies.
• Helps to know the relation between individual and social institutions.
• Studies social problems precisely.
• Helps to find solutions for social problems.
• Benefits social planning and development.

Question 6.
How does Case study differ from other methods of study of Sociology?
Answer:
Case study is used to make an in-depth study on rare and different social phenomena and issues.
Such studies will be exact and comprehensive. The topic under study using case study is called Case. Case study is the detailed study of the case. A precise and perfect case study has scientific value.

Answer the following. Score ‘5’, ‘6’ each.

Question 1.
Describe the different methods of study in Sociology. Write their features and application.
Answer:
Sociological studies are conducted all over the world today for educational and practical purposes. Sociology uses different methods or techniques of study for this.
Social Survey :
Survey is the most suitable method for the study of sociology. Survey helps to formulate a comprehensive view on the topic under study based on the data collected from a group of selected people. Data is collected from a selected number of people chosen from a large group. Such studies are called sample surveys. Questionnaires prepared beforehand are used to collect data in social survey. Questionnaires are given to respondents from whom data is collected. Respondents are the groups under study. The study is carried out using the respondents’ responses in the questionnaire.

Interview:
Interview is the most frequently used method to collect data in Sociology. This is a method by which data are collected orally. Interview is the talk between the interviewer and the interviewee. It helps to know and analyse the attitudes, views, beliefs and habits of the individuals

The things to be taken care of in interview:

• Identifying the apt persons.
• Formulating an idea about the data to be collected
• Preparing suitable questions
• Effective communication
• Time management
• Proper organization of the information collected and preparing the report.

Observation :
Observation is the basic method of the study in Sociology. It is the truthful recording of things seen, heard and experienced. Participant observation and Non-participant observation are the two types of observation.

• Participant observation is a popular method of study in Sociology.
• Researcher collects data directly from the group or area of study.
• The sociologist stays with the group under study and learns directly about their life.
• The researcher learns their language and culture and becomes part of their daily life.
• Behaviour patterns not explicit can be subjected to study.
• Participant observation is also called Field work.
• In Non-participant observation, the observer does not collect data directly from the area of study or target group.
• In this, the sociologist does not stay with the group under study.
• Instead, he observes the group from outside.
• In this method, the observer adopts an impartial stand.

Case Study :
Case study is used to make an in-depth study of rare and different social phenomena and problems. Such studies will be exact and comprehensive. The topic under study using case study is called Case. Case study is the detailed study of the case. A precise and perfect case study has scientific value.

Question 2.
Arrange the table suitably.

Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions