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Students can Download Chapter 7 Control Statements Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Control Statements

Plus One Control Statements One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
An if statement contains another if statement completely. Then it is known as _________.
Answer:
Nested if

Question 2.
From the following which is not optional with switch statement.
(a) break
(b) default
(c) case
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) case.

Question 3.
To exit from a switch statement _______ is used.
(a) quit
(b) exit
(c) break
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) break

Question 4.
From the following which statement is true for switch statement.
(a) switch is used to test the equality
(b) switch is used to test relational or logical expression
(c) switch can handle real numbers case data
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) switch is used to test the equality

Question 5.
Sonet wants to execute a statement more than once. From the following which is exactly suitable.
(a) if
(b) loop
(c) switch
(d) if else if ladder
Answer:
(b) loop

Question 6.
Odd one out
(a) for
(b) if
(c) switch
(d) if-else if ladder
Answer:
(a) for. It is a loop the others are branching statement.

Question 7.
Odd one out
(a) for
(b) if
(c) while
(d) do-while
Answer:
(b) if. It is a branching statement and the others are loops.

Question 8.
From the following which loop does the three things, initialisation, checking and updation.
(a) while
(b) do-while
(c) for
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) for

Question 9.
Predict the output Output
(a) 10
(b) 1 to 10
(c) 11
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) 11.

Question 10.
From the following which is exit controlled loop
(a) for
(b) while
(c) do-while
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) do-while

Question 11.
_____________ statement is used for unconditional jump from one location to another.
Answer:
goto.

Question 12.
Sunitha wants to skip one iteration. From the following which will help her?
(a)continue
(b) break
(c) for
(d) case
Answer:
(a) continue

Question 13.
To terminate a program, from the following which is used.
(a) break
(b) continue
(c) end()
(d) exit()
Answer:
(d) exit()

Question 14.
Which header file is needed to use exit() function in a program?
(a) iostream
(b) cstdlib
(c) math
(d) iomanip
Answer:
(b) cstdlib

Question 15.
In while loop, the loop variable should be updated?
(a) along with while statement
(b) after the while statement
(c) before the while statement
(d) inside the body of while
Answer:
(d) Inside the body of while

Question 16.
How many times the following loop will execute?
int S = 0, i = 0;
do
{
S + = i;
i++;
} while(i < 5);
Answer:
5 times

Question 17.
1. statement takes the program control out of the loop even though the test expression is true.

2. Consider the following code fragment. How many times will the character be printed on the screen?
for (i=0; i< 10; i =i+2);
cout <<“*”;
}
Answer:

1. break or goto
2. Only one time because of semicolon(;) in the end of the for(i=0;i<10;i=i+2);

Question 18.
Which selection statement tests the value of a variable or an expression against a list of integers or character constants? (SAY-2015) (1)
(a) For
(b) If
(c) Switch
(d) Conditional expression
Answer:
(c) switch

Question 19.
How many times the following loop will execute? (MARCH-2016) (1)
int m = 2
do
{
cout<<“Welcome”; m++ ;
} while (m>10);
Answer:
Only one time

Question 20.
________ statement takes the program control outside a loop even though the test expression is true. (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (1)
Answer:
break

Question 21.
Read the following C++ statement for (int n = 1; n<10; n+=2); cout<<n
Now, choose the correct output from the following options. (SCERT SAMPLE – II)(1)
(a) 1
(b) 13579
(c) 11
(d) 10
Answer:
(c) 11. This is because of for statement is end with; (semi colon). Here cout<<n; executes only once.

Question 22.
____________ search method is an example for ‘divide and conquer method’.
Answer:
goto.

Question 23.
1. Name the type or loop which can be used to ensure that the body of the loop will surely be executed at least once.

2. Consider the code given below and predict the output. (MARCH-2017) (1)
for (int i=1; i<=9;i=i+2)
{
if (i==5) continue;
cout<<i<< ” “;
}
Answer:

1. do while loop(Exit controlled loop)
2. 1 3 7 9. It bypasses one iteration of the loop when i = 5.

Plus One Control Statements Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Your friend Arun asked you that is there any loop that will do three things, initialization, testing and updation. What is your answer. Explain?
Answer:
Yes. There is only one loop namely for loop that will do this three things. The other loops will do the checking only, initialisation must be do before the loop and updation must be inside the loop.
The syntax of for loop is given below For(initialisation; testing; updation)
{
Body of the for loop;
}

Question 2.
While writing a program Geo uses while loop but forgets to update the loop variable. What will happen?
Answer:
The loop variable inside the while loop must be updated otherwise the loop will not be terminated. The loop will be work infinitely.

Question 3.
Draw the flow chart of if statement.
Answer:

Question 4.
Draw the flow chart of if else statement
Answer:

Question 5.
Write a while loop that display numbers from 500 to 550.
Answer:
int i = 500
while (i<=550)
{
cout<<i;
i = i + 1;
}

Question 6.
Distinguish between exit(0) function and return statement
Answer:
Both are used to terminate the program but both are different. Return is a keyword and exit(0) is a function. The difference is, we can use more than one exit(0) function but we can use only one return statement in a scope. To use exit(0), the header file cstdlib should be used.

Question 7.
Draw the flowchart of for loop
Answer:

Question 8.
How many time the following for loop will execute? Justify.
for(i = 0; ; i ++)
{
if(i > 5)
cout<<“continue”;
else
cout<<“over”;
}
Answer:
Here the loop becomes infinite because the check condition is missing.

Question 9.
Predict the output.
#include<iostream.h>
int main()
{
int a = 0;
start:
cout<<endl<< ++a;
if(a < 5)
goto start;
}
Answer:
1
2
3
4
3

Question 10.
for(int i=2, sum=0; i <= 20; i=i+2)
sum += i;
Rewrite the above code using while loop.
Answer:
int i = 2; sum=0;
while (i<=20)
{
sum += i;
i = i + 2;
}

Question 11,.
Rewrite the following code using switch case statement.
if(day == 1)
cout<<“Sunday”;
else if(day == 2)
cout<<“Monday”;
else if(day == 7)
cout<<“Saturday”;
else
cout <<“Wednesday”;
Answer:
switch (day)
{
case 1: cout<<“Sunday”;break;
case 2: cout<<“Monday”;break;
case 7: cout<<“Saturday”;break;
default : cout<<“Wednesday”;
}

Question 12.
Pick the odd one out from the following. Give reason.

1. for, while, do….while
2. if, switch, for

Answer:

1. do…..while. It is an exit controlled loop while others are entry controlled loop
2. for. It is a loop while others are branching statements.

Question 13.
State whether the following statements are True or False. In either case justify your answer.

1. Break statement is essential in switch
2. For loop is an entry controlled loop
3. Do…while loop is an entry controlled loop
4. Switch is a selection statement

Answer:

1. False. It is not essential in single case statement
2. True. Because it will first check the condition. If it is true then only the body will be executed.
3. False. It is an exit controlled loop.
4. True.

Question 14.
Write the equivalent code for the following statement. R = (P<Q?P:Q)
Answer:
if(P<Q)
R = P;
else
R = Q;

Question 15.
Examine the following code snippet and find out the output? What will happen if the statement int ch; is replaced by char ch;
int ch;
for(ch=’A’;ch<=’Z’;++ch)
cout<<ch<<”;
Answer:
This code snippet will print 65, 66, 67,……., 90. If the statement int ch; is replaced by char ch; it prints A, B, C, ……., Z.

Question 16.

1. _______ is an entry control loop.
2. _______ Explain the memory allocation for the following declaration statement. int A[10] [10];

Answer:

1. while or for loop
2. To store an integer 4 bytes is used in Geany Editor. int A[10] [10]; → It needs 10 × 10 × 4 = 400 bytes

Question 17.
Differentiate between break and continue statements in C++. (SAY -2016) (2)
Answer:
break statement:
It is used to skip over a part of the code i.e. we can premature exit from a loop such as while, do-while, for or switch.
Syntax:
while (expression)
{
if (condition)
break;
}

continue statement:
It bypasses one iteration of the loop. That is it skips one iteration and continue the loop with next iteration value.
Syntax :
while (expression)
{
if (condition)
continue;
}

Plus One Control Statements Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Compare if else and conditional operator?
Answer:
We can use conditional operator as an alternative of if-else statement. The conditional operator is a ternary operator.
The syntax of if-else
if (expression 1)
expression 2;
else
expression 3;

First expression 1 is evaluated if it is true expression 2 will be executed otherwise expression 3 will be executed. Instead of this, we can be written as follows using conditional operator Expression 1 ? expression 2: expression 3;

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.
Rewrite the program following program using if else.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a,b,big;
cout<<“Enter two integers”;
cin>>a>>b;
big = (a>b)?a:b;
cout<<“Biggest number is “<<big<<endl;
return 0;
}
Answer:

Question 4.


Is it possible to rewrite the above program using switch statement? Distinguish between switch and if else if ladder.
Answer:
No. It is not possible to write the above code using switch statement. Following are the difference between switch and if else if ladder.

1. Switch can test only for equality but if can evaluate a relational or logical expression
2. If else is more versatile
3. If else can handle floating values but switch cannot
4. If the test expression contains more variable if-else is used
5. Testing a value against a set of constants switch is more efficient than if-else.

Question 5.
Rewrite the following using nested switch construct.

Answer:

Question 6.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout<<n*”;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 7.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int ij;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=l;j<=i;j++)
cout<<j<<“”;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 8.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int ij;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout<<i<<””;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 9.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int ij,k=0;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=l;j<=i;j++)
cout<<++k<<“”;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 10.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
1
1 3
1 3 5
1 3 5 7
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout<<j × 2-1<<”
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 11.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
2
4 4
6 6 6
8 8 8 8
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout<<i × 2<<“”;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 12.
Write a program to print the sum of first n natural numbers.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n,i,sum=0;
cout<<“Enter a value for n”;
cin>>n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
sum = sum + i;
}
cout<<“The sum of first ” <<n<<” numbers is “<<sum;
}

Question 13.
Write a program to read a number and check whether it is palindrome or not.
Answer:

Question 14.
Write a program to print the factorial of a number.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n,i;
long fact = 1;
cout<<“Enter a number”;
cin>>n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
fact = fact × i;
cout<<“The factorial of “<<n<<” is “<<fact;
}

Question 15.
Write a program to print the Fibonacci series.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()

Question 16.
Write a program to read a number and check whether the given number is Armstrong or not.
Answer:

Question 17.
Write down the code for the following output using while loop.
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
Answer:

Question 18.
Distinguish between entry controlled loop and exit controlled loop.
Answer:
An entry controlled loop first checks the condition and execute(or enters in to) the body of loop only if it is true. But exit control loop first execute the body of the loop once even if the condition is false then check the condition. The for loop and while loop are entry controlled loops but do-while loop is an exit controlled loop.

Question 19.
Write a program to find the largest of 3 numbers.
Answer:

Question 20.
Check whether a given number is prime or not.
Answer:

Question 21.
Write a program to print the prime numbers less than 100.
Answer:

Question 22.
Write a program to read number and display its factors.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n,i;
cout<<“Enter a number greater than zero”;
cin>>n;
cout<<“The factors are”;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(n%i==0)
cout<<i<<“,”;
}

Question 23.
Write a program to print the Armstrong numbers less than 1000.
Answer:

Question 24.
Char result;
float marks;
cin>>marks;
if (marks >= 50)
result = ’P’;
else
result = ’F’;
cout<<result;
Rewrite the above code without using if statement.
Answer:
result=(marks>=50) ? ’P’: ’F’;

Question 25.
The output of a program is given below.
1
3
5
7
9
The sum is 25
Write a C++ program for obtaining the above output.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int sum=0,i;
for (i=1; i<=9; i+=2)
{
cout<<i<<endl;
sum = sum + i;
}
cout<<“The sum is”<<sum;
}

Question 26.
Find out the error in syntax if any and correct it?
Answer:
1. while (test condition);
{
}

2. do (condition)
{
}while

3. switch (condition)
{
Case 1:
Case 2:
Case 3:
Case 4:
}
Answer:
1. No need of semi colon. The corrected toop is given below
while (test condition)
{
}

2. In do … while loop the while must be end with semicolon.
do (condition)
{
}while;

3. switch contains expression instead of condition switch(expression)
{
Case 1:
Case 2:
Case 3:
Case 4:
}

Question 27.
Given the total mark of each student in SSLC examination. Write a C++ code fragment to find the grades.
Answer:

Question 28.
You are given the heights of 3 students. Write the relevant code segment to find the maximum height?
Answer:

Question 29.
Write the easiest code snippet for printing your name 1000 times. Explain.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i;
char name[20];
cout<<“Enter your name:
cin>>name;
for(i=0;i<1000;i++)
cout<<name<<endl;
}

Question 30.
Given a code segment for(i=1; i<10; i++)
cout<<i;

1. Rewrite the code using do….while loop
2. What will be the output when i = 0? Give reason.

Answer:
1. i = 1;
do{
cout<<i; i++;
}while(i<10);

2. When i = 0, it will execute one more time. ie. the for loop execute 9 times but here this loop executes 10 times.

Question 31.
Whenever a string is entered the inverse of that string is displayed( eg: if we enter ‘CAR’ the output is ‘RAC’). Write a suitable programme for the output.
Answer:

Question 32.
Write a C++ program to display as follows
A
A B
A B C
A B C D
A B C D E
Answer:

Question 33.
Write C++ program forgetting the following output. (SAY-2016) (3)
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4

OR

Consider the following C++ program and answer the following questions.
#include<iostream.h>
int main()
{
int a, p = 1;
for(a=1;a<=5;a+=2)
p = p × a;
cout<<p;
}

(a) Predict the output of the above code.
(b) Rewrite the above program using while loop.

Answer:

Plus One Control Statements Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
“We know that the execution of a program is sequential”. Is it possible to change this sequential manner and explain different jump statements in detail.
Answer:
The execution of a program is sequential but we can change this sequential manner by using jump statements. The jump statements are
1. goto statement:
By using goto we can transfer the control anywhere in the program without any condition. The syntax is goto label;
Example:

2. break statement:
It is used to skip over a part of the code i.e. we can premature exit from a loop such as while, do-while, for or switch.

3. continue statement:
It bypasses one iteration of the loop.

4. exit(0) function:
It is used to terminate the program. For this the header file cstdlib must be included.

Question 2.
Mr. X wants to get an output 9 when inputting 342 and he also wants to get 12 when inputting 651. Write the program and draw a suitable flowchart for X?
Answer:

Question 3.
Explain conditional statements in detail?
Answer:
1. Simple if:
The syntax is given below if(expression)
statement;

or

if(expression)
{
Block of statements
}
First expression evaluates if it is true then only statement will be executed.
eg: if (n>0)
cout<<n<<” is positive”;

2. if else:
The syntax is given below, if (expression)
statement 1;
else
statement 2;

or

if (expression)
{
statement block 1;
}
else
{
statement block 2;
}
First expression evaluates if it is true statement block 1 will be executed otherwise statement block 2 will be executed. Only one block will be executed at a time so it is called branching statement.
eg:
if (n>0)
cout<<n<<” is positive”;
else
cout<<n<<” is negative”;

3. if else if ladder:
The syntax will be given below
if (expression!)
{
statement block 1;
}
else if (expression 2)
{
statement block 2;
}
else if (expression 3)
{
statement block 3;
}
else
{
statement block n;
}
Here first expression 1 will be evaluated if it is true only the statement blockl will be executed otherwise expression 2 will be executed if it is true only the statement block 2 will be executed and so on. If all the expression evaluated is false then only statement block n will be evaluated .
eg:
If (mark>=90)
cout<<“Your grade is A+”;
else if (mark>=80)
cout<<“Your grade is A”;
else if (mark>=70)
cout<<“Your grade is B+”;
else if (mark>=60)
cout<<“Your grade is B”;
else if (mark>=50)
cout<<”Your grade is C+”;
else if (mark>=40)
cout<<“Your grade is C”;
else if (mark>=30)
cout<<“Your grade is D+”;
else
cout<<“Your grade is D”;

4. conditional operator:
It is a ternary operator and it is an alternative for if else construct. The syntax is given below.
expression 1? expression 2: expression 3;

or

expression 1? Value if true : value if false;
Here expression 1 will be evaluated if it true expression 2 will be executed otherwise expression 3 will be executed.
eg:
n>0?cout<<n<<” is positive”:cout<<n<<” is negative”;

5. Switch:
It is a multiple branch statement. Its syntax is given below.
switch(expression)
{
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
……..
default : statements;
}
First expression evaluated and selects the statements with matched case value.
eg:
switch (n)
{
case 1: cout<< “Sunday”;break;
case 2: cout<< “Monday”;break;
case 3: cout<< “Tuesday”;break;
case 4: cout<< “Wedesday”;break;
case 5: cout<< “Thursday”;break;
case 6: cout<< “Friday”;break;
case 7: cout<< “Saturday”;break;
default : cout<< “lnvalid”
}

Question 4.
Explain different loops in detail?
1. For loop:
The syntax of for loop is for(initialization; checking ; update loop variable)
{
Body of loop;
}
First part, initialization is executed once, then checking is carried out if it is true the body of the for loop is executed. Then loop variable is updated and again checking is carried out this process continues until the checking becomes false. It is an entry controlled loop.
eg: for(i=1,j=1;i<=10;i++,j++)
cout<<i<<” × “<<j<<” = “<<i × j;

2. While loop:
It is also an entry controlled loop The syntax is given below
Loop variable initialised while(expression)
{
Body of the loop;
Update loop variable;
}
Here the loop variable must be initialised outside the while loop. Then the expression is evaluated if it is true then only the body of the loop will be executed and the loop variable must be updated inside the body. The body of the loop will be executed until the expression becomes false.
eg:
i = 1;
j = 1;
while(i<=10)
{
cout<<i<<” × “<<j<<” = “<<i × j; i++;
j++;
}

3. do While loop:
It is an exit controlled loop. The syntax is given below
do
{
Statements
}while(expression);
Here the body executes atleast once even if the condition is false. After executing the body it checks the expression if it false it quits the body otherwise the process will be continue.

Question 5.
Write a program to do the following:

1. Inputs the values for variables ‘n’ and ‘m’.
2. Prints the numbers between ‘m’ and ‘n’ which are exactly divisible by ‘m’.
3. Checks whether the numbers divisible by ‘m’ are odd or even.

OR

Write a program using nested loop that inputs a number ‘n’ which generates an output as follows. Hint: if the value of ‘n’ is 5, the output will be as ‘n’
Answer:
1.
25
25 16
25 16 9
25 16 9 4
25 16 9 4 1

2.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int i,n,m;
cout<<“Enter values for n and m”;
cin>>n>>m;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(i%m == 0)
cout<<i<<“,”;
getch();
}

3.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int i,n,m;
cout<<“Enter values for n and m”;
cin>>n>>m;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(i%m == 0)
{
cout<<i<<“\t”;
if(i%2 == 0)
cout<<“even”<<endl;
else
cout<<“odd”<<endl;
}
getch();
}

OR

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>//for strlen()
main()
{
clrscr();
int n,i,j;
cout<<“enter a value for n:”;
cin>>n;
for(i=n;i>0;i- -)
{
for(j=n;j>=i;j~)
cout<<j × j<<“\t”;
cout<<endl;
}
getch();
}

Question 6.
Write a C++ program to display Fibonacci series. (SAY-2015)
Answer:

Question 7.
1. Write a C++ program to accept an integer number and check whether it is an Armstrong number or not. (Hint: Sum of the cubes of the digits of an Armstrong number is equal to that number itself)

OR

2. rite a C++ program to accept an integer number and print its reverse (Hint: If 234 is given, the output must be 432).
Answer:
1.

2. #include<iostream>
void main()

Question 8.
1. Write a menu driven program which accepts 3 numbers and show options to find and display.

• the biggest number
• the smallest number
• the sun of the numbers
• the product of the numbers

OR

2. Write a C++ program to check whether a number is palindrome or not.
Answer:
1.

OR
2.

Question 9.
Answer any one question from 22(a) and 22(b).
1. Write a C++ program to display all leap years between 1000 and 2000 excluding all century years.

OR

2. Write a C++ program to find the sum of the first 10 numbers of Fibonacci series. (Fibonacci series is 0, 1, 1,2, 3, 5, 8, 15 where 0 and 1 are the first two terms and reamaining terms are obtained by the sum of the two preceding terms.)
Answer:
1.

OR
2.

Question 10 (MARCH-2017)
Write a program to check whether the given number is palindrome or not. (MARCH-2017) (5)

OR

Write a program to print the leap years between 2000 and 3000.
(A century year is leap year only if it is divided by 400 and a noncentury year is leap year only if it is divided by 4).
Answer:

OR

Students can Download Chapter 12 Thermodynamics Questions and Answers, Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 12 Thermodynamics

Plus One Physics Thermodynamics One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
If the pressure and the volume of certain quantity of ideal gas are halved, then its temperature
(a) is doubled
(b) becomes one-fourth
(c) remains constant
(d) is halved
Answer:
(b) becomes one-fourth
According to ideal gas law

Question 2.
The ideal gas equation connecting pressure (P), volume (V) and absolute temperature (T) is

where k_B is the Boltzmann constant and N is the number of molecules.
Answer:
c) PV = k_BNT
According to ideal gas equation,
PV = Nk_BT.

Question 3.
Which of the following laws of thermodynamics forms the basis for the definition of temperature?
(a) First law
(b) Zeroth law
(c) Second law
(d) Third’law
Answer:
(b) Zeroth law
The Zeroth law of thermodynamics gives the definition of temperature.

Question 4.
Which of the following is a true statement?
(a) The total entropy of thermally interacting systems is conserved
(b) Carnot engine has 100% efficiency
(c) Total entropy does not change in a reversible process.
(d) Total entropy in an irreversible process can either increase or decrease.
Answer:
(c) Total entropy does not change in a reversible process.

Question 5.
In a given process of an ideal gas, dW = 0 and dQ < 0. Then for the gas
(a) the temperature will decrease,
(b) the volume will increase
(c) the pressure will remain constant
(d) the temperature will increase
Answer:
(a) From first law of thermodynamics
dQ = dU + dW
dQ = dU (if dW = 0)
Since, dQ < 0
dU < 0
or U_final < U_intial
Hence, temperature will decrease.

Question 6.
An electric fan is switched on in a closed room will the air of the room be cooled?
Answer:
No. Infact speed of air molecules will increase and this results in increase in temperature.

Question 7.
When an iron nail is hammered, if becomes hot. Why?
Answer:
The kinetic energy of hammer gets converted in to heat energy which increases temperature of iron nail.

Question 8.
Identify the thermodynamic process in which temperature of system may increase even when no heat is supplied to the system.
Answer:
Adiabatic process.

Question 9.
Which thermodynamic variable is defined by first law of thermodynamics?
Answer:
Internal energy

Question 10.
The door of an operating refrigerator kept open in a closed room. Will it make the room cool?
Answer:
No. The room will be slightly warmed.

Plus One Physics Thermodynamics Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A Carnot engine working between 300K and 600K has a work output of 800J per cycle. Find the amount of energy consumed per cycle

• 800J
• 400J
• 1600J
• 1200J
• 3200J

Answer:
Efficiency of carrots engine

Efficiency also can be written as

∴ input power = 1600 J.

Question 2.
A carnote’s engine is made to work between 200°C and 0°C first and then between 0°C and minus 200°C. Compare the values of efficiencies in the two cases.
Answer:
Case -1:

= 1 – 0.577
= 0.42 = 42%
Case – 2:
η = 1 – \(\frac{73}{473}\)
T2 = -200 = 73k
= 1 – 0.26 = 0.73
= 73%
T₁ = 0 = 273k.

Question 3.
Match the following

Answer:

Question 4.
What is the value of specific heat capacity of gas in

1. Isothermal process
2. Adiabatic process

Answer:

1. Infinite
2. Zero

Question 5.
Is the function of refrigerator against the second law of thermodynamics? Explain.
Answer:
No. The refrigerator transfers heat from the inside space to outer atmosphere, at the expense of external work supplied by the compresser fed by electric supply.

Plus One Physics Thermodynamics Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Heat is supplied to a system, but its internal energy does not increase

1. Which process is involved in this case? (1)
2. Obtain an expression for the work done in the above process (2)

Answer:
1. Isothermal process.

2. Work done by adiabatic process
Let an ideal gas undergoes adiabatic charge from (P₁, V₁, T₁) to (P₂, V₂, T₂). The equation for adiabatic charge is
PV^γ = constant = k
ie; P₁V₁^γ = P₂V₂^γ = k _____(a)
The work done by

from equation (a) P₁V₁^γ = P₂V₂^γ = k

Substituting ideal gas equation.

Question 2.
A heat engine is a device which effectively converts heat energy into mechanical energy.

1. State the law which describes this principle. (1)
2. Derive an expression for the efficiency of a Carnot engine. (2)

Answer:
1. Kelvin – Plank statement:
No process is possible whose sole result is the absorption of heat from a reservoir and complete conversion of heat into work.

Clausius statement:
No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a colder object to hotter object.

2. Carnot’s cycle:
The Carnot cycle consists of two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes.

Let the working substance in Carnot’s engine be the ideal gas.
Step 1: The gas absorbs heat Q₁ from hot reservoir at T₁ and undergoes isothermal expansion from (P₁, V₁, T₁) to (P₂, V₂, T₁).

Step 2: Gas undergoes adiabatic expansion from (P₂, V₂, T₁) to (P₃, V₃, T₂)

Step 3: The gas release heat Q₂ to cold reservoir at T₂, by isothermal compression from (P₃, V₃, T₂) to (P₄, V₄, T₂).

Step 4: To take gas into initial state, work is done on gas adiabatically [(P₄, V₄, T₂) to (P₁, V₁, T₁)]. Efficiency of Carnot’s engine:

Question 3.
A thermo flask contains coffee. It is violently shaken. Considering the coffee as a system:

1. does its temperature rise?
2. has heat been added to its?
3. has internal energy changed?

Explain your answers.
Answer:

1. Yes
2. Heat is added to coffee
3. Internal energy is changed
4. When we shake, the mechanical energy is added to the liquid contained in a flask.

Question 4.
It is predicted by the meteorologists that global warming will result in the flooding of oceans due to the melting of ice caps on the earth.

1. Name the thermodynamic process involved in the melting of ice.
2. Determine the heat energy required to melt 5kg of ice completely at 0°C. Latent heat of fusion of water is 3336 × 10³ J Kg^-1.
3. During the melting process, what change will occur to its internal energy?

Answer:

1. Isothermal process
2. ∆Q = mL = 5 × 33.36 × 10⁵ = 16.68 × 10⁶J
3. Internal energy increases

Question 5.
Water is heated in an open vessel.

1. This process is
   • isothermal
   • isobaric
   • isochoric
   • adiabatic
2. Which law of thermodynamics is suitable to explain the transfer of heat here?
3. Draw the heat-temperature graph of ice below 0°C heated up to steam above 100°C.

Answer:
1. Isobaric
2. First law of thermodynamics
3.

Question 6.

1. The molar heat capacity of oxygen at constant volume is 20J mol^-1K^-1. What do you mean by molar heat capacity at constant volume (C_V)?
2. The difference between C_P and C_V is always a constant. Give a mathematical proof.

Answer:
1. Molar specific heat at constant volume is the heat required to raise the temperature of I mol substance by IK at constant volume.

2. According to 1^st law of thermodynamics
∆Q = ∆U + PAV
If ∆Q heat is absorbed at constant volume (∆V = 0).

From ideal gas equation for one mole PV = RT. Differentiating w.r.t. temperature (at constant pressure

Equation (4) – Equation (1), we get
C_P – C_V = R.

Question 7.
A heat engine is a device which converts heat energy into work.

1. What is the working substance in an ideal heat engine.
2. A Carnot engine is working between in melting point and steam point. What is its efficiency?

Answer:
1. Ideal gas.

2. T₂ = 0°C = 273K
T₁ = 100°C = 373K
Efficiency η = I – \(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}}=I-\frac{273}{373}\)
η = 0.27
η = 27%.

Question 8.
A gas is taken in a cylinder. The walls of the cylinder is insulated from the surroundings

1. The gas in a cylinder is suddenly compressed. Which thermo dynamic process involves in this statement. Explain the thermo dynamic process.
2. If gas is suddenly compressed to 1/4^th of its, original volume. Calculate the rise in temperature. The initial temperature was 27°C and γ = 1.5.

Answer:
1. Adiabatic. A thermo dynamic process in which no heat enters or leaves the system.

2. T. = 27°C = 27 + 273 = 300k

= 300 × 4^{1.5 – 1}
= 300 × 4^1/2
= 600K
rise in temperature = 600K – 300K = 300K.

Question 9.
Raju brought a motor pump from a shop. The efficiency of the motor pump is printed on the label as 60%.

1. The efficiency of a water pump is 60%. What is . meant by this?
2. Can you design an engine of 100% efficiency? Justify your answer.

Answer:
1. Efficiency means that, 60% of the total energy received is converted into useful work.

2. The efficiency of heat engine η = 1 – \(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}}\). The efficiency will be 100% if T₂ = OK, both those conditions cannot be attained practically. So art engine can’t have 100% efficiency.

Question 10.
Categorise into reversible and irreversible process

1. Waterfall
2. rusting of iron
3. electrolysis
4. slow compression
5. diffusion of gas
6. melting of ice
7. dissolving NaCl in water
8. flow of heat from hot body to cold body
9. slow compression of spring
10. heat produced by friction.

Answer:
Reversible process → (3), (4), (6) and (9)
Irreversible process → (1), (2), (5), (7), (8) and (10)

Plus One Physics Thermodynamics NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A geyser heats water flowing at the rate of 3.0 litres per minute from 27°C to 77°C. If the geyser operates on a gas burner, what is the rate of consumption of the fuel if its heat of combustion is 4.0 × 10⁴ Jg^-1?
Answer:
Volume of water heated = 3.0 litre per minute
mass of water heated, m = 3000 g per minute
increase in temperature, ∆T = 77°C – 27°C = 50°C
specific heat of water, c= 4.2Jg^{-1 °}C^-1
amount of heat used, Q = mc ∆T
or Q = 3000 g min^-1 × 4.2Jg^-1
°C^-1 × 50°C
= 63 × 10⁴J min^-1
rate of combustion of fuel = \(\frac{63 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{Jmin}^{-1}}{4.0 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{Jg}^{-1}}\)
= 15.75gmin^-1.

Question 2.
What amount of heat must be supplied to 2.0 x 10^-2 kg of nitrogen (at room temperature) to raise its temperature by 45°C at constant pressure? (Molecular mass of N₂ = 28, R = 8.3 J mol^-1 K^-1).
Answer:
m = 2 × 10³ kg^-1 = 20g,
∆T = 45°C, M = 28
R = 8.3 J mol^-1 K^-1, M = 28
Number of moles, n = \(\frac{m}{M}=\frac{20}{28}=\frac{5}{7}\)
Since nitrogen is diatomic,
∴ C_P = \(\frac{7}{2}\)
R = \(\frac{7}{2}\) × 8.3 J mol^-1K^-1
Now, ∆Q = nC_P ∆T
= \(\frac{5}{2}\) × \(\frac{7}{2}\) × 8.3 × 45J = 933.75J.

Question 3.
A cylinder with a movable piston contains 3 moles of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure. The walls of the cylinder are made of a heat insulator, and the piston is insulated by having a pile of sand on it. By what factor does the pressure of the gas increase if the gas, is compressed to half its original volume?
Answer:
P₂V₂^γ = P₁V₁^γ

Question 4.
A steam engine delivers 5.4 × 10⁸ J of work per minute and services 3.6 × 10⁹J of heat per minute from its boiler. What is the efficiency of the engine? How much heat is wasted per minute?
Answer:
Work done per minute, output = 5.4 × 10⁸J
Heat absorbed per minute, input = 3.6 × 10⁹J
Efficiency, η = \(\frac{5.4 \times 10^{8}}{3.6 \times 10^{9}}\) = 0.15
%η = 0.15 × 100 = 15
Heat energy wasted/ minute = Heat energy absorbed/minute – Useful work done/minute
= 3.6 × 10⁹ – 5.4 × 10⁸
= (3.6 – 0.54) × 10⁹ = 3.06 × 10⁹J.

Question 5.
An electric heater supplies heat to a system at a rate of 100W. If system performs work at a rate of 75 joule per second, at what rate is the internal energy increasing?
Answer:
Heat supplied, ∆Q = 100W = 10OJs^-1
Useful work done, ∆W = 75J s^-1
Using first law of thermodynamics
∆Q = ∆U+ ∆W
∆U = ∆Q – ∆W
= 100Js^-1 – 75Js^-1 = 25Js^-1.

Question 6.
A refrigerator is to maintain eatables kept inside at 9°C. If room temperature is 36°C, calculate the coefficient of performance.
Answer:
T₁ = 36°C = (36 + 273) K = 309 K
T₂ = 9°C = (9 + 273) K = 282 K
Coefficient of performance = \(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}-T_{2}}\)

Question 7.
Molar volume is the volume occupied by 1 mol of any (ideal) gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP: 1 atmospheric pressure, 0°C). Show that it is 22.4 litres.
Answer:
PV = µRT or V = \(\frac{\mu \mathrm{RT}}{\mathrm{P}}\)

= 22.4 × 10^-3 m³ = 22.4 litre.

Students can Download Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter Questions and Answers, Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In which of the following processes, convection does nottake place primarily?
(a) Sea and land breeze
(b) Boiling of water
(c) Warming of glass of bulb due to filament
(d) Heating air around a furnace
Answer:
(c) Warming of glass of bulb due to filament
In convection process, the heat is transferred by the bodily motion of the heated particles. It is not so in case of warming of glass bulb due to filament heating. In fact, warming of glass bulb is due to radiation.

Question 2.
\(\frac{\text { Watt }}{\text { Kelvin }}\) a unit of
(a) Stefan’s constant
(b) Wien’s constant
(c) Cooling’s constant
(d) Thermal conductance
Answer:
(d) Thermal resistance

Question 3.
For measuring temperatures in the range of 2000°C, we should employ
(a) gas thermometer
(b) platinum-rhodium thermometer
(c) barometer
(d) pyrometer
Answer:
(d) pyrometer

Question 4.
There is a hole in metal disc. What happens to the size of metal disc if the metal disc is heated?
Answer:
The size of hole increases.

Question 5.
Which has more specific heat capacity, water, and sand?
Answer:
Water.

Question 6.
Two solid spheres of the same material have the same radius but one is hollow while the other is solid. Both spheres are heated to same temperature. Then
(a) the solid sphere expands more
(b) the hollow sphere expands more
(c) expansion is same for both
(d) nothing can be solid about their relative expansion if their masses are not given
Answer:
(c) expansion is same for both

Question 7.
The sprinkling of water reduces slightly the temperature of a closed room because
(a) temperature of water is less than that of the room.
(b) specific heat of water is high
(c) water has large latent heat of vaporisation
(d) water is a bad conductor of heat
Answer:
(c) water has large latent heat of vaporisation
When water is sprinkled over a large area, evaporation takes place. As the latent heat of vaporisation is large cooling takes place.

Question 8.
Why specific heat of gas at constant pressure (C_p) is greater than specific heat at constant volume?
Answer:
More heat is required to raise the temperature of gas at constant pressure than at constant volume.

Question 9.
A body is heated. But there is no change in its temperature. Is it possible?
Answer:
Yes. During change of state, there will be no increase in temperature even when heat is supplied.

Question 10.
When boiling water is put in glass tumbler, the tumbler cracks. Why?
Answer:
Glass is poor conductor of heat. So inner and outer surfaces of tumbler suffer uneven expension. Hence it breaks.

Question 11.
A small space is left between two rails on railway track. Why?
Answer:
If no space is left, the rails would bend due to thermal expansion in summer. So small space is left between two rails to allow thermal expansion.

Question 12.
The pendulum of clock is made of invar, Why?
Answer:
Invar has low value of coefficient of linear expansion. So length of pendulum remains almost same in all seasons. (The change in length affects time period of pendulum).

Question 13.
Tea gets cooled, when sugar is added to it. Why?
Answer:
When sugar is added, heat content of tea gets shared with sugar & hence’ temperature decreases.

Question 14.
Ice covered in gunny bag does not melt for a long time. Why?
Answer:
A gunny bag is poor conduct of heat & hence it does not allow external heat to enter.

Question 15.
Why two layers of cloth of equal thickness provide warmer covering than a single layer of cloth of double the thickness?
Answer:
Because air between two layers of clothes is a bad ‘ conductor of heat.

Question 16.
On winter nights, we feel warmer when clouds cover the sky than the sky is clear. Why?
Answer:
The clouds are bad conductor of heat. So heat of earth’s atmosphere is not conducted out.

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
1. Two bodies at different temperatures T₁K and T₂K are brought in contact with each other

• Is the resultant temperature be necessarily (T₁ + T₂)/2? If not, Why?
• Should the resultant temperature be between T₁ and T₁ only? If not, Why?

Answer:
1. Two bodies at different temperatures:

• The resultant temperature may not be necessarily \(\left(\frac{T_{1}+T_{2}}{2}\right)\). Because specific heat capacity is different for all substances.
• If heat is not lost to the surroundings, resultant temperature must lie in between T₁ and T₂.

Question 2.
A Patient is admitted to hospital. The temperature of the patient is measured by nurse and is found to be 97.6°F

1. What is meant by temperature?
2. Convert the temperature (97.6°F) is to centigrade

Answer:
1. Temperature is the degree of hotness.

2.

Question 3.
Why iron rims are heated red hot before being put on the cart wheels?
Answer:
The radius of iron rim is smaller than radius of cart wheel. When iron rim is heated, its radius increases due to thermal expansion. After rim has planted on the wheel, iron rim is allowed to cool. Then it fits tightly on the wheel due to thermal contraction.

Question 4.
How woolen clothes helps us in winter against cold?
Answer:
Wool is a heat insulator. Moreover, it contains a layer of dry air in it. This air, which is bad conductor of heat does not allow the body heat to escape & it also does not allow external cold to come in. The rough surface of woollen clothes absorbs more and reflects less heat falling on it.

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A Solid material is supplied with heat at constant rate. The temperature of the material is changing with the heat input as shown in figure.

1. What do the horizontal region AB and CD represent?
2. What does the slope of DE represent?
3. The slope of OA is greater than the slope of BC. What does this indicate?

Answer:

1. Latent heat of fusion, Latent heat of vaporization
2. It indicates that, the material is in vapour state
3. It indicates that latent heat of vaporization of the material is greater than the latent heat of fusion.

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A copper block of mass 2.5kg is heated in a furnace to a temperature of 500°C and then placed on a large ice block. What is the maximum amount of ice that can melt? (Specific heat of copper = 0.39Jg^-1 K^-1; latent heat of fusion of water = 335 Jg^-1).
Answer:
Mass, m = 2.5kg
= 2.5 × 10³ g;
Change in temperature, ∆T = 500°C
Specific heat, c = 0.39 Jg^-1K^-1;
Latent heat of fusion, L = 335Jg^-1
If m’ be the mass of ice melted, then m’L = mc ∆T
or m’ × 335 = 2.5 × 10³ × 0.39 × 500 2.5 × 103 × 0.39 × 500
or m’ = \(\frac{2.5 \times 10^{3} \times 0.39 \times 500}{335} \mathrm{g}\)
= 1.5 kg.

Question 2.
Heat from the sun reaches the earth.

1. Write the method of transmission of heat.
2. Thermal conductivity of Aluminium is 205 Jm^-1s^-1deg^-1. What do you mean by this?
3. Birds swell feathers in winter. Why?

Answer:
1. Radiation, conduction, convenction.

2. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of a substance is defind as the quauitity of heat conducted normally persecond through unit area of the substance per unit temperature gradient when the substance attains steady state.

3. By doing so the birds enclose air between the feathers. Air being a poor conductor, prevents the loss of heat from the body of the bird to the cold surroundings.

Question 3.
Two accidents are happened. The first one with water at 100°C and the second one with steam at 100°C.

1. Which is dangerous burn due to water at 100°C, and bum due to steam at 100°C? Why?
2. Latent heat of vapourisation of water to 536 cal/g. Explain the idea of latent heat of vopourisation.
3. Find the heat required to convert 1g of ice at 0°C to steam at 100°C is

Answer:
1. Burn due to steam is more dangerous, because heat content in steam is very high compared to 100°C water.

2. Latent heat of vapourisation is the amount of heat required to change the state of 1 kg water in to vapour.

3. Q = ML + MC∆Q + ML¹

= 716 cal.

Question 4.
When a fluid is heated, the particle rises up.

1. Name the phenomonon behind it.
2. Explain the formation of land breeze and sea breeze.

Answer:
1. Convection

2. During the day, land heats up more quickly than, water in lake (due to high specific heat capacity of water). The air on the surface of earth gets heated, expands, becomes less dense and rises up. The colder air (wind) replaces the space created by hot air.

It creates a sea breeze. At night the land loses its heat very quickly than water. So water remains more warmer at night.

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A 10kW drilling machine is used to drill a bore in a small aluminium block of mass 8.0kg. How much is the rise in temperature of the block in 2.5 minutes, assuming 50% of power is used up in heating the machine itself or lost to the surroundings? Specific heat of aluminium = 0.19Jg^-1 K^-1.
Answer:
Power, P = 10 kW
= 10 × 10³W
= 10⁴W
Mass, m = 8 kg; Time, t = 2.5min = 150s
Specific heat, c = 0.91Jg^-1K^-1
= 0.91 × 10³Jkg^-1K^-1
Energy, Q = pt = 10⁴ × 150J = 1.5 × 10⁶J
It is given that 50% of energy is lost to the. surroundings. So, energy absorbed by the block is given by
Q = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 1.5 × 10⁶J = 0.75 × 10⁶J
But Q = mc∆T
∴ ∆T

Question 2.
A brass boiler has a base area of 0.15m2 and thickness 1.0cm. It boils water at the rate of 6.0 kg/min when placed on a gas stove. Estimate the temperature of the part of the flame in contact with the boiler. Thermal conductivity of brass = 109 J s^-1 m^-1K^-1;
Heat of vaporisation of water = 2256 × 10³ J kg^-1.
Answer:
A = 0.15m², d = 10^-2m,
\(\frac{m}{t}=\frac{6}{60}\) kgs^-1 = 0.1kgs^-1,
K = 109J s^-1 m^-1 K^-1, L = 2256 × 10³ Jkg^-1,
θ₁ = ?,
θ₂ = 100°C

Question 3.
Explain why?
(a) A body with large reflectivity is a poor emitter.
(b) A brass tumbler feels much colder than a wooden tray on a chilly day.
(c) An optical pyrometer (for measuring high temperature) calibrated for an ideal black body radiation gives too low a value for the temperature of a red hot iron piece in the open, but gives a correct value for the temperature when the same piece is in the furnace.
(d) The earth without its. atmosphere would be inhospitably cold?
(e) Heating systems based on circulation of steam are more efficient in warming a building than heating system based on circulation of hot water.
Answer:
(a) a body whose reflectivity is large would naturally absorb less heat. So, a body with large reflectivity is a poor.

(b) The thermal conductivity of brass is high i.e., brass „ is a good conductor of heat. So, when a brass tumbler is touched, heat quickly flows from human body to tumbler. Consequently, the tumbler appears colder. On the other hand, wood is a bad conductor, so, heat does not flow from the human body to the wooden tray in this case. Thus, it appears comparatively hotter.

(c) Let T the temperature of the hot iron in the furnace. Heat radiated per second per unit area, E = σT⁴

Students can Download Chapter 10 Mechanical Properties of Fluids Questions and Answers, Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 10 Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Water is flowing through a very narrow tube. The velocity of water below which the flow remains a streamline flow is known as
(a) relative velocity
(b) terminal velocity
(c) critical velocity
(d) particle velocity
Answer:
(c) critical velocity
Critical velocity is that velocity of liquid flow, upto which the flow of liquid is a streamlined and above which its flow becomes turbulent.

Question 2.
Bernoulli’s equation for steady, non-viscous, imcompressible flow expresses the
(a) conservation of angular momentum
(b) conservation fo density
(c) conservation of momentum
(d) conservation of energy
Answer:
(d) conservation of energy

Question 3.
When cooking oil is heated in a frying pan, the oil moves around in the pan more easily when it is hot. The main reason for this is that with rise in temperature, there is a decrease in
(a) surface tension
(b) viscosity
(c) angle of contact
(d) density
Answer:
(d) density

Question 4.
At what temperature density of air is maximum?
Answer:
4°C

Question 5.
A thin glass plate is lying on a wet marble floor, It is difficult to pull the glass plate because of
(i) surface tension
(ii) Viscosity
(iii) friction
(iv) atmosphere
(v) Gravity
Answer:
(i) Viscosity

Question 6.
Why do clouds float in the sky?
Answer:
Zero terminal velocity

Question 7.
A spinning cricket ball does not follow parabolic path. Why?
Answer:
Due to the magnus effect.

Question 8.
The deep water runs slow. Why?
Answer:
According to equation of continuity velocity is inversly proportional to velocity (AV = constant). Hence deep water runs slow.

Question 9.
Why dust generally settles down in closed room?
Answer:
The dust particles (tiny spheres) acquire terminal velocity as it fall through air. The terminal velocity is directly proportional to square of radius. Hence terminal velocity of dust particle is very small. So they settle down gradually.

Question 10.
Why more viscous oil is used in summer than in winter in scooters?
Answer:
The viscosity decreases with increase in temperature.

Question 11.
Why is sand drier than clay?
Answer:
Capillary action

Question 12.
Why cotton dress is preferred in summer?
Answer:
Cotton dresses have fine pores which act as capillaries for the sweat.

Question 13.
Why oil is poured to calm the sea?
Answer:
When oil is poured in water, the surface tension of water is reduced and water spreads over large area of sea.

Question 14.
How plants draw water from ground?
Answer:
The capillary action.

Question 15.
How do insects run on the surface of water?
Answer:
Because of surface tension, the surface of water behaves like stretched membrane hence it can support weight of small insects.

Question 16.
How ploughing a field helps to retain moisture?
Answer:
When field is ploughed, capillaries are broken and hence water can not rise up and retains moisture.

Question 17.
Hot soup tastes better than cold soup. Why?
Answer:
The surface tension of hot soap is less compared to cold soap. So hot soap spreads larger area.

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Remya found that a piece of metal weighs 210 g in air and 180 g when it is immersed in water. Determine the density of the metal piece.
Answer:
Relative density,
R.D = \(\frac{\text { Weight in air }}{\text { Loss of Weight in water }}\)
= \(\frac{210}{30}\) = 7.

Question 2.
Why is hot soup tastier than cold one?
Answer:
When temperature increases, the surface tension of soap decrease. Hence hot soap can enter into tiny pours of taste buds.

Question 3.
Why straws are used to drink soft drinks?
Answer:
When we suck the straw, pressure inside straw becomes lower than atmospheric pressure. This pressure difference cause the soft drink to rise through the straw.

Question 4.
Why new earthen pots keeps water more cool than old earthen pots?
Answer:
The capillaries of old earthen pots will get blocked with passage of time. For new earthen pots, water oozes out through capillaries, gets evaporated at the surface and makes it cool.

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Air is blown in between two pith balls suspended freely.

1. What will happen to the balls?
   • They repel each other
   • They attract each other
   • They start oscillating
   • They remain in their initial position They fall on the ground
2. Give your explanation

Answer:

1. They attract each other
2. When air is blown in between two pith balls, the pressure between the balls decreases. Due to this decrease in pressure between the balls, they attract each other.

Question 2.
A child dipped two identical capillary tubes, one in a beaker containing mercury. He observed that water and mercury have risen through the tubes to a certain heights.

1. Name this phenomenon.
2. What difference did he observe in the shape of the meniscus of the two liquids in the tubes?
3. If he plots a graph connecting the radius of the capillary tube and capillary height, what will be the shape of the graph?

Answer:
1. Capillary rise.

2. The shape of the water meniscus in the tube becomes concave upwards. But the shape of mercury measures in the tube become convex upward.

3. h α \(\frac{1}{r}\), this is in the form y α \(\frac{1}{x}\)
Hence when we draw graph between ‘h’ and ‘r’ we get a graph of hyperbola.

Question 3.
Bernoulli’s theorem is a consequence of energy conservation principle. Using this theorem explain the working of atomiser.
Answer:
Atomiser (application of Bernoulli’s theorem)

Atomizer is used for getting a fine spray of perfumer or insecticide. It consists of a cylinder with a piston. A small vessel containing liquid to be sprayed is attached to the cylinder. When the piston is moved forward air is blown out through a small opening of the cylinder.

As the velocity of flow of air increases, the pressure at the opening decreases. Due to the lower pressure at the opening, the liquid rises through the narrow tube and gets sprayed out along with air.

Question 4.
Surface tension is numerically equal to the surface energy.

1. Difine surface tension.
2. Derive an expression for the rise of liquid in a capillary tube.

Answer:
1. Liquids acquire a free surface when poured in a container. These surfaces possess some additional energy. This phenomenon is known as surface tension.

2. When a drop is split into tiny droplets, the surface area increases. So work has to be done for splitting the drop. Let R be radius of the drop and r the radius of the droplets: R = 1 × 10^-3m
surface area of the drop = 4πR²
= 4π × (1 × 10^-3)²
= 4π × 10^-6m²
Volume of the drop = Volume of 10⁶ droplets

∴ Surface area of million droplets =10⁶ × 4π²
= 10⁶ × 4π(1 × 10^-5)²
= 4π × 10^-4 m²
∴ Increase in surface area = 4π × 10^-4 – 4π × 10^-6
= 3.96π × 10^-4m²
∴ Energy expended = 3.967π × 10^-4 × S
= 3.96π × 10^-4 × 72 × 10^-3J
= 8.95 × 10^-5J.

Question 5.
Match the following

Answer:
1 – C, 2 – f, 3 – e, 4 – a, 5 – b, 6 – d.

Question 6.
Give reasons for the following cases.

1. It is easier to swim in sea water than in river walls.
2. The passangers are advised to remove ink from pen while going up in an aeroplane.

Answer:
1. The density of sea water is more than that of river water due to the presence of salt. Hence sea water offers more upthrust and only a very small portion of human body will be in sea water compared to river water.

2. In ink pen, ink is filled in atmospheric pressure. As we go higher pressure decreases and hence ink will have a tendancy to come out in order to equalise the pressure.

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A large tank containing water has a small hole near the bottom of the tank 1.5 m below the surface of water.

1. What is the velocity of the water flowing from the hole?
2. Explain the principle used in deriving the velocity of water flowing from the hole.
3. Where must a second hole to be drilled so that the velocity of water leaving this hole is half of water flowing through the first hole.

Answer:
1. Velocity of water flowing through the hole
u = \( \sqrt{2 g h}\)
= \(\sqrt{2 \times 10 \times 1.5}\) = 5.47m/s.

2. Bernoulli’s theorem
As we move along a streamline the sum of the pressure (p), the kinetic energy per unit volume \(\frac{\rho v^{2}}{2}\) and the potential energy per unit volume (ρgh) remains a constant.

(OR)

Mathematically Bernoulli’s theorem can be written as
P + \(\frac{1}{2}\)ρv² + ρgh = constant.

3.

h₂ = \(\frac{1.5}{4}\) m = 0.375 m, from the top side of tank.

Question 2.
Rain drops have an average size of 1 mm when it is formed at the upper atmosphere.

1. Why the velocity of the rain drop is uniform?
2. Derive an expression for the terminal velocity of the drop in terms of coefficient of viscosity of air.
3. If the size of the rain drop become half, then what happens to its terminal speed?

Answer:
1. Due to viscous force acting on the raindrop, it moves with uniform speed.

2. Viscous force, boyancy force and weight of the body
Expression for terminal velocity:
Consider a sphere of radius ‘a’ densitity σ falling through a liquid of density a and viscocity η. The viscous force acting on the sphere can be written as
F = 6πaηv
Where v is the velocity of sphere. This force is acting in upward direction. When the viscous force is equal to the weight of the body in the medium, the net force on the body is zero. It moves with a constant velocity called the terminal velocity.
The weight of a body in a medium,

When body has terminal velocity, we can write.

Question 3.

1. Fill in the blanks using the word from the list appended with each statement.
   • Viscosity of gases_____with temperature (increase/decrease)
   • For a fluid in steady flow, the increase in flow speed at a constriction follows from_____ (conservation of mass/Bernoulli’s theorem)
   • The working of a hydraulic lift is based on (Pascal’s Law/ principle of Conservation of Energy)
   • Small insects can walk over the surface of water. It is due to the_____(surface tension of water/viscosity of water)
2. A girl dips a thin capillary tube in water. Water rises through it.
   • Name the phenomenon.
   • How does this rise vary with the diameter of the tube?

Answer:
1. Fill in the blanks :

• increases
• Conservation of mass
• Pascals law
• Surface tension

2. A girl dips a thin capillary tube in water:

• Capillary rise
• h α \(\frac{1}{r}\) ie. when diameter of tube increases, the. capillary rise decreases.

Question 4.
The schematic diagram of a sprayer or atomiser is given below.

1. Name the principle of working of this device from the following:
   • Surface tension
   • Viscosity
   • Bernoulli’s principle
   • Archimedes’ principle
2. Write its mathematical expression.
3. Wings of an aeroplane are curved outwards while flattened inwards. Why?

Answer:
1. Bernollis principle

2. P + \(\frac{1}{2}\)ρv² + ρgh = constant.

3. When the aeroplane moves forward, the air blown in the form of stream lines over the wings of aeroplane is shown figure.

As the upper surface of wing is more curved than its lower surface, the speed of air above the wings is larger than the speed of the air below the wings.

Hence the pressure above the wings becomes less than the pressure below the wings. Due to this pressure difference the aeroplane will get upward force to overcome gravitational force.

Question 5.
During windstorms, roofs of certain houses are blown off without damaging other parts of the houses.

1. Name the theorem which explains this phenomenon.
2. State the theorem.
3. Explain this phenomenon on the basis of this theorem.

Answer:

1. Bernoulli’s theorem
2. For a small amount of liquid in stream line flow, between two points, the total energy is constant.
3. When windstorm blown off, the pressure on the top side of roof decreases. Hence a pressure difference is developed in between roof. Due to this pressure difference, roof of certain houses are blown off.

Question 6.
Two thin evacuated (one end closed) glass take A and B are carefully immersed in a beaker containing mercury such a way that there is no chance to get air in to the tubes. A is stand vertically and B is making an angle θ with the vertical.

1. Is any rise of mercury in the tubes?
2. Is any height difference of mercury levels in tube A and B? Justify your answer.
3. When the doctors are measuring body pressure, it is advisable to lie on a table. Why?

Answer:

1. Yes
2. No. Pressure is same at same level. To get same pressure, height of mercury becomes same.
3. When we lie on the table, the pressure of our body will be same at all points.

Question 7.
A small metal sphere is falling through a caster oil.

1. Name the forces acting on the metal sphere?
2. Which of these forces change? Why?
3. Name the velocity of the sphere when the unbalanced force on it is zero?
4. Write down the expression for this velocity in terms of coefficient of viscosity?

Answer:

1. forces acting on the metal sphere:
   • Weight of the body (mg)
   • Buoyant force or up thrust
   • Viscous force
2. Viscous force. Viscous force is the friction offered by the liquid. It is a self adjusting force.
3. Terminal velocity
4. Terminal velocity, V = \(\frac{2}{9} a^{2}\left(\frac{f-N}{\eta}\right) g\).

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A capillary tube when dipped into water, it is commonly observed that water will rise through the tube.

1. Which of the following is responsible for this?
   • Gravitational force
   • Viscous force
   • Nuclear force
   • Surface tension
   • Elastic force
2. Derive an expression for the capillary rise.
3. If the radius of the tube becomes doubled, then what happens to the height of water column in the tube?

Answer:
1. Surface tension.

2.

Consider a capillary tube of radius ‘a’ dipped in a liquid of density ρ and surface tension S. If the liquid has a concave meniscus it will rise in the capillary tube. Let h be the rise of the liquid in the tube. Let p₁ be the pressure on the concave side of the meniscus and p₀, that on the other side. The excess pressure on the concave side of the meniscus can be written as
p₁ – p₀ = \(\frac{2 \mathrm{S}}{\mathrm{R}}\)
Where R is the radius of the concave meniscus. The tangent to the meniscus at the point A makes an angle θ with the wall of the tube.
In the right angled triangle ACO

substituting the values of R in the equation (1)

Considering two points M and N in the same horizontal level of a liquid at rest,
pressure at N = pressure at M
But pressure at M = p_i, the pressure over the concave meniscus and pressure at N = p_o + hρg
∴ P_i = P_o + hρg
or P_i – P_o = hρg ……..(3)
From equations (2) and (3), we get

3. We know

The capillary rise decreases to half of the original value.

Question 2.

1. Find the odd one out and justify your answer Atomiser, venturi meter, aeroplane, hydraulic lift
2. Mention one use of venturi meter.
3. Explain the working of the odd one which you have selected in question (a)

Answer:
1. Hydraulic lift – It is based on pascals law.

2. Venturimeter can be used to find velocity of flow of fluid through a pipe.

3.

A hydraulic lift is used to lift heavy load. Consider a liquid enclosed in a vessel with two cylinders C₁ and C₂ attached as shown in the figure. The cylinders are provided with two pistons having areas A₁ and A₂ respectively.
If F₁ is the force exerted on the area A₁,
pressure P₁ = \(\frac{F_{1}}{A_{1}}\).
If F₂ is the force exerted on the area A₂,
pressure P₂ = \(\frac{F_{2}}{A_{2}}\).
According to pascal’s law P₁ = P₂.

Using this method we can lift heavy load by applying small force.

Question 3.
When a capillary tube of radius ‘r’ is dipped in water, the water rises through it up to height ‘h’.

1. Which of the following is responsible for the above phenomenon?
   • Viscous force
   • elastic force
   • surface tension
   • gravitational force
   • negative force
2. To what height will water rise in a glass tube with a bore of radius 0.1 mm (take the angle of contact of glass with 0°, surface tension S = 0.0728 N/m)
3. If the length of tube is less that the length of capillary rise, will it overflow. Justify your answer.

Answer:
1. Surface tension

2.

3. The water will never overflow. If the tube is of insufficient length, the radius of curvature of liquid meniscus goes on increasing, making it more and more flat till water is in equilibrium.

Question 4.
A steel ball of radius 1 mm is falling vertically through a tank of oil at 30°C.

1. After some time the ball attains a constant velocity called_____
2. What are the forces acting on the ball and give their directions?
3. Write down the expression for resultant force acting on the ball?)
4. If the density of oil is 2 × 10³kg/m³, density of steel is 8 × 10² Kg/m³ and ‘η’of oil 2NS/m², What will be the constant velocity attained by the ball?

Answer:
1. Terminal velocity.

2. Weight of body (down ward), bouyanant force (up ward), Viscous force (upward).

3. Resultant force = weight of body – buoyant force.

4. Terminal velocity,

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A 50 kg girl wearing high heel shoes balances on a single heel. The heel is circular with a diameter 1.0 cm. What is the pressure exerted by the heel on the horizontal floor?
Answer:
Force, F = Weight of girl
= mg = 50 × 9.8N = 490N
Radius, r = 0.5 × 10^-2m
Area A = πr² = \(\frac{22}{7}\)(0.5 × 10^-2)² m²
Pressure

Question 2.
Torricelli’s barometer used mercury. Pascal duplicated it using French wine of density 984 kg m^-3. Determine the height of the wine column for normal atmospheric pressure.
Answer:
p = hρg, h = \(\frac{p}{\rho g}=\frac{1.01 \times 10^{5}}{984 \times 9.8}\)m = 10.47m.

Question 3.
A U-tube contains water and methylated spirit separated by mercury. The mercury columns in the two arms are in level with 10.0 cm of water in one arm and 12.5 of spirit in the other. What is the specific gravity of spirit?

Answer:
Since the mercury columns in the two arms are at the same level,
∴ pressure due to water column = pressure due to spirit column
∴ h_wρ_wg = h_sρ_sg
or h_wρ_w = h_sρ
But h_w = 10 cm,
ρ_w = 1 gcm^-3,
h_s = 12.5cm
∴ 10 × 1 = 12.5 × ρ_s
or ρ_s = \(\frac{10}{12.5}\)gcm^-3
= 0.8cm^-3
∴ Specific gravity of spirit = 0.8.

Question 4.
Figs, (a) and (b) refer to the steady flow of a non-viscous liquid. Which of the two figures is incorrect? Why?

Answer:
Fig (a) is incorrect. This is because at a constriction (ie., where the area of cross-section of the tube is smaller), the flow speed is larger due to mass conservation. Consequently, pressure there is smaller according to Bernoulli’s equation. We assume the fluid to be incompressible.

Question 5.
What is the prssure inside the drop of mercury of radius 3.00 mm at room temperature? Surface tension of mercury at that temperature (20°C) is 4.65 × 10^-1Nm^-1. The atmospheric pressure is 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa. Also give the excess pressure inside the drop.
Answer:
Excess pressure = \(\frac{2 \sigma}{R}\)

Total pressure = 1.01 × 10⁵ + \(\frac{2 \sigma}{R}\)
= 1.01 × 10⁵ + 310
= 1.0131 × 10⁵Pa
Since data is correct upto three significant figures. We should write total pressure inside the drop as 1.1 × 10⁵Pa.

Question 6.
During blood transfusion, the needle is inserted in a vein where the guage pressure is 2000 Pa, at what height must the blood container be placed so that blood may just enter the vein? Given: density of whole blood = 1.06 × 10³kgm^-3
Answer:
Guage pressure,
p = hρg, h

= 0.19m.

Students can Download Chapter 8 Arrays Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 8 Arrays

Plus One Arrays One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
From the following which is not true for an array.
(a) It is easy to represent and manipulate array variable
(b) Array uses a compact memory structure
(c) Readability of program will be increased
(d) Array elements are dissimilar elements
Answer:
(d) Array elements are dissimilar elements

Question 2.
Consider the following declaration.
int mark(50) Is it valid? If no give the correct declaration
Answer:
It is not valid. The correct declaration is as follows, int mark[50]. Use square brackets instead of parenthesis

Question 3.
Consider the following declaration.
int mark[200]
The index of the last element is ________.
Answer:
199

Question 4.
Consider the following declaration int mark[200]. The index of the first element is ________.
Answer:
0

Question 5.
Consider the following int age[4] = {15,16,17,18};
From the following which type of initialisation is this.
(a) direct assignment
(b) along with variable declaration
(c) multiple assignment
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) along with variable declaration

Question 6.
From the following which is used to read and display array elements.
(a) loops
(b) if
(c) switch
(d) if else ladder
Answer:
(a) loops

Question 7.
Write down the corresponding memory consumption in bytes

1. int age[10] = ——-
2. charname[10] = ——-
3. int age[10][10]= ——–

Answer:

1. 2 × 10 = 20 bytbs (2 bytes for one integer)
2. 1 × 10 = 10 (one byte for each character)
3. 2 × 10 ×10 = 200 (2 × (100 elements))

Question 8.
A two dimensional array is having ________ number of subscript
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) two

Question 9.
Consider the following
int age[10][10];
In this array how many elements will contain.
Answer:
10 × 10 = 100 elements

Question 10.
Consider the following int age[4] = {12, 13, 14};
cout<<age[3];
What will be the output?
(а) 14
(b) 12
(c) 13
(d) 0
Answer:
(d) 0

Question 11.
The elements of 2 dimensional array can be read using _________ loop.
Answer:
nested loop

Question 12.
________ is the process of reading/visiting elements of an array.
Answer:
traversal

Question 13.
Anjali wants to read the 10 marks that already stored in an array and find the total. This process is known as ________.
(a) insertion
(b) deletion
(c) traversal
(d) linear search
Answer:
(c) traversal

Question 14.
Mani wants to check a number from 100 numbers already stored in an array. This process is called ___________.
(a) insertion
(b) deletion
(c) searching
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) searching

Question 15.
Divide and conquer method used in ____________ search.
Answer:
binary

Question 16.
“Each element of the array is composed with value to be searched from the beginning of the array”. This method is adopted by _____________ search.
Answer:
linear search

Question 17.
____________ search requires a sorted array as input.
Answer:
binary search

Question 18.
___________ searching is slower for larger array.
Answer:
linear searching

Question 19.
____________ is a simple sorting algorithm.
(a) bubble sort
(b) selection sort
(c) linear search
(d) binary search
Answer:
(a) bubble sort

Question 20.
Adjacent elements are checked and inter changed in _____________ sort.
Answer:
bubble sort

Question 21.
The array is divided into sorted part and unsorted part in ____________ sort.
selection.

Question 22.
The elements of an array of size ten are numbered from _____ to _______.
Answer:
0 to 9

Question 23.
Element mark[6] is which element of the array?
(a) The sixth
(b) the seventh
(c) the eighth
(d) impossible to tell
Answer:
(b) the seventh

Question 24.
When a multidimensional array is accessed, each array index is ________.
(a) Separated by column.
(b) Surrounded by brackets and separated by commas.
(c) Separated by commas and surrounded by brackets.
(d) Surrounded by brackets,
Answer:
(d) surrounded by brackets

Question 25.
You have used a 2D array with the Name Mat representing a matrix. Write the C++ expression to access the 3rd element in the 2nd row.
Answer:
mat[1] [2];

Question 26.
Write a C++ statement that defines a string variable called ‘name’ that can hold a string of upto 20 characters.
Answer:
char name[21j;

Question 27.
Given some array declaration. Pick the odd man out.
Float a[+40], int num[0-10], double [50], char name[50], amount[20] of float.
Answer:
char name[50]. It is a valid array decalaration the remaining are not valid.

Question 28.
__________ is a collection of elements with same datatype.
Answer:
Array

Question 29.
int num[10];
The above C++ statement declares an array named num that can store maximum ________ integer numbers. (SEP-2015 (IMP) (1)
(а) 9
(b) 10
(c) N
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) 10

Question 30.
Declare a two dimensional array to store the elements of a matrix with order 3 × 5. (MARCH-2016) (1)
Answer:
int m[3] [5]; or float m[3] [5]

Question 31.
_________ search method is an example for ‘divide and conquer method’. (SEP-2016) (1)
Answer:
Binary

Question 32.
Read the following C++ statement:
int AR[10]
How many bytes will be allocated for this array? (1)
Answer:
To store an integer 4 bytes needed so AR[10] needs 10 × 4 = 40 bytes

Question 33.
Find the value of score [4] based on the following declaration statement. int score [5] = {988,87,92,79,85}; (MARCH-2017) (1)
Answer:

Hence (158)₁₀ = (9E)₁₆

Plus One Arrays Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Whether the statement char text[] = “COMPUTER”; is True/False? Justify.
Answer:
It is a single dimensional array. If the user doesn’t specify the size the operating system allocates the number of characters + one (for null character for text) bytes of memory. So here OS allocates 9 bytes of memory.

Question 2.
Given a word ” Mathematics”. How will you locate this word in a standard dictionary. What are the steps used for this purpose
Answer:
In the standard dictionary the words are arranged in sorted order so binary search method is more suitable to find the word “MATHEMATICS”.

Question 3.
How can you find out the word “MATHEMATICS” from a text book. Which is the most convenient method? Justify your answer.
Answer:
In a text book the words are not arranged in sorted order so linear search method is convenient.

Question 4.
Consider the statement char str[] = “PROGRAM” What will be stored in last location of this array. Justify.
Answer:
The last location is the null character(\0) because each string must be appedend by a null character.

Question 5.
Explain different array operations in detail.
Answer:

1. Traversal: All the elements of an array is visited and processed is called traversal
2. Search: Check whether the given element is present or not
3. Sorting: Arranging elements in an order is called sorting

Question 6.
Read the following C++ statement: int MAT[5][4];

1. How many bytes will be allocated for this array?
2. Suppose MAT[4][4] is a 2D array that contains the elements of a square matrix. Write C++ statements to find the’ sum of all the elements in the array. (MARCH – 2015) (1)

Answer:

Question 7.
Declare an array of size 5 and intitialize it with the numbers 8, 7, 2, 4 and 6. (MARCH-2016) (2)
Answer:
int n[5] = {8, 7, 2, 4, 6};

Question 8.
Predict the output of the following C++ program.
#include <iostream.h>
int main()
{
int array[] = {1, 2, 4, 6,7,5};
for (int n =1; n<=5; n++)
array [n] = array [n – 1 ];
for (n = 0; n <= 5; n++)
cout<< array [n];
return 0;
}
Answer:
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

Question 9.
Suppose M[5][5] is a 2D array that contains the elements of a square matrix. Write C++ statements to find the sum of the diagonal elements. (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (2)
Answer:
for (i = 0; i < 5, i++)
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++)
if (i == j)
S = S + M[i][j];

Question 10.

1. Write C++ program for sorting a list of numbers using Bubble Sort Method. (2)
2. Write the different passes of sorting the following numbers using Bubble Sort.
   32, 21, 9, 17, 5

Answer:
1. Example for Bubble sort is given below

2. Bubble sort (ascending order):
Consider the first 2 elements of the numbers and compare it. 32 is greater than 21 then interchange both of them. Then the numbers are
21, 32, 9, 17, 5
Next compare 32 and 9. Here 32 is greater so interchange both of them. Then the numbers are
21, 9, 32, 17, 5
Next compare 32 and 7. Then interchange and the numbers are
21, 9, 17, 32, 5
Next compare 32 and 5. Then interchange and the numbers are
21, 9, 17, 5, 32.
After the first phase the largest number is on the right side. Similarly do the remaining. At last we will get the result as follows.
5, 9, 17, 21, 32

Question 11.
Suppose M[5] [5] is a 2D array that contains the elements of a square matrix. Write C++ statements to find the sum of the diagonal elements. (MARCH-2017)
Answer:

Plus One Arrays Three Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Suppose you are given Total mark of 50 students in a class

1. How will you store these values using ordinary variable?
2. Is there any other efficient way to store these values? Give reason.

Answer:
We have to declare 50 variables individually to store total marks of 50 students. It is a laborious work. Hence we use array, it is an efficient way to declare 50 variables. With a single variable name we can store multiple elements.
eg: int mark[50]. Here we can store 50 marks. The first mark is in mark[0], second is in mark[1]…. etc the fiftieth mark is in mark[49],

Question 2.
Four friends are in a queue for watching a movie. How can you locate a particular person from that queue? Write all the steps sequentially.
Answer:
Locate a particular person from a queue can be carried out by using two ways.
1. Linear search:
In this method each element of the array is compared with the element to be searched starting from the first element. If it finds the position of the element in the array is returned.

2. Binary search:
It uses a technique called divide and conquer method. It can be performed only on sorted arrays. First we check the element with the middle element. There are 3 possibilities. The first possibility is the searched element is the middle element then search can be finished.

The second possibility is the element is less than the middle value so the upper bound is the middle element. The third possibility is the element is greater than the middle value so the lower bound is the middle element. Repeat this process.

Question 3.
Total mark of 50 students in a class are given in an array. A bonus of 10 marks is awarded to all of them. Write the program code for making such a modification.
Answer:

Question 4.
In School Assembly, try to arrange all the students in your class according to the increasing order of their heights separately for male/female students. Smallest one will be in front and tallest one at the last position. Write sequential steps for doing this, in two different methods.
Answer:
Arranging elements from smallest to largest (ascending) or largest to smallest(descending) is called sorting. There are two sorting methods
1. Bubble sort:
It is a simple sorting method. In this sorting considering two adjacent elements if it is out of order, the elements are interchanged. After the first iteration the largest(in the case of ascending sorting) or smallest(in the case of descending sorting) will be the end of the array. This process continues.

2. Selection sort:
In selection sort the array is divided into two parts, the sorted part and unsorted part. First smallest element in the unsorted part is searched and exchanged with the first element. Now there is 2 parts sorted part and unsorted part. This process continues.

Question 5.
Using the concept obtained from algorithms in question number (9), write complete program for the two types of sorting.
Answer:

Question 6.
Collect the heights of 12 students from your class in which 7 students are male and others are female students. Suppose these male and female students be seated in two separate benches and you are given a place which is used for sitting these 12 students in linear form. How will you combine and make them sit without mixing male/female students. Write a program for the same.
Answer:

Question 7.
Collect the heights of 12 students from your class in which 7 students are male and others are female students. Suppose you are given the heights according to a sorted order separately for male/female students. How will you combine these group according to the same order in linear form. Write a program for the same.
Answer:

Question 8.
Write the program code for counting the number of vowels from your school name.
Answer:

Question 9.
Write the program code for counting the number of words from the given string.” Directorate of Higher Secondary Examination”
Answer:

Question 10.
Given a word like “ECNALUBMA” Write the program code for arranging it in into a meaningful word.
Answer:

Question 11.
Explain the needs for arrays Array
Answer:
Array is collection of same type of elements. With the same name we can store more elements. The elements are distinguished by using its index or subscript. To store 50 marks of 50 students we have to declare 50 variables, it is a laborious work.

Hence the need for arrays arise. By using array this is very easy as follows int mark[50]. Here the index of first element is 0, then 1, 2, 3, etc upto 49.

Question 12.
Explain different types of arrays.
Answer:
There are two tyes of array
1. Single dimensional:
It contains only one index or subscript. The index starts from 0 and ends with size-1.
eg: int n[50];
char name[10];

2. Multi-dimensional:
It contains more than one index or subscript. The two dimensional array contains two indices, one for rows and another for columns. The row index starts from 0 and end at row size-1 and column index starts at 0 and ends at colunn size-1.
eg: int n[10][10] can store 10 × 10 = 100 elements. The index of the first element is n[0][0] and index of the 100th element is n[9][9],

Question 13.
Write a program to read the 5 marks of a students and display the marks and total
Answer:

Question 14.
Write a program to read 3 marks of 5 students and find the total and display it.
Answer:

Question 15.
Differentiate linear search and binary search
Answer:
1. Linear search:
In this method each element of the array is compared with the element to be searched starting from the first element. If it finds the position of the element in the array is re¬turned.

2. Binary search:
It uses a technique called divide and conquer method. It can be performed only on sorted arrays. First we check the element with the middle element. There are 3 possibilities. The first possibility is the searched element is the middle element then search can be finished.

The second possibility is the element is less than the middle value so the upper bound is the middle element. The third possibility is the element is greater than the middle value so the lower bound is the middle element. Repeat this process.

Question 16.
Differentiate bubble sort and selection sort.
Answer:
1. Bubble sort:
It is a simple sorting method. In this sorting considering two adjascent elements if it is out of order, the elements are interchanged. After the first iteration the largest(in the case of ascending sorting) or smallest (in the case of descending sorting) will be the end of the array. This process continues.

2. Selection sort:
In selection sort the array is divided into two parts, the sorted part and unsorted part. First smallest element in the unsorted part is searched and exchanged with the first element. Now there is 2 parts sorted part and unsorted part. This process continues.

Question 17.
Write a program to read a string and a character and find the character by using linear search.
Answer:

Question 18.
Write a program to read marks of 10 students and read a mark and check whether it is in the array or not using binary search
Answer:

Question 19.
Write a program reverse a string without using a function.
Answer:

Question 20.
Write a program to read a string and find the no. of vowels .consonents and special characters.
Answer:

Question 21.
Given a word “COMPUTER”, write a C++ program to reverse the word without using any string functions.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(()
{
char a[9] = “COMPUTER”;
inti;
for (i=8; i>=0; i- -)
{
cout<<a[i];
}
}

Question 22.
Write a program to accept marks of 10 students and find out the largest and smallest mark from the list.

OR

C++ program to store the scores of 10 batsmen of a school cricket team and find the largest and smallest score.
Answer:

Question 23.
Write the names of two searching methods in arrays. Prepare a chart that shows the comparisons of two searching methods. (MARCH-2015)
Answer:
It is the process of finding the position of the given element.
1. Linear search:
In this method each element of the array is compared with the element to be searched starting from the first element. If it finds the position of the element in the array is returned.

2. Binary search:
It uses a technique called divide and conquer method. It can be performed only on sorted arrays. First we check the element with the middle element. There are 3 possibilities. The first possibility is the searched element is the middle element then search can be finished.

The second possibility is the element is less than the middle value so the upper bound is the middle element. The third possibility is the element is greater than the middle value so the lower bound is the middle element. Repeat this process.

Question 24.
Write a C++ program to illustrate array traversal. (SAY-2015 (IMP) (3)
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, mark[50];
for(i=0;i<50; i++)
{
cout<<“Enter mark “<<i + 1<<“: cirt>>mark[i];
}
cout<<“\nThe mark of 50 students after adding bonus mark 10 is given below \n”; for(i=0;i<50; i++)
cout<<mark[i] + 10<<endl;
}

Question 25.
Define an array. Also write an algorithm for searching an element in the array using any one method that you are familiar with. (MARCH-2016) (3)
Answer:
An array is a collection of elements with same data type. The index of first element is 0 (zero) and the index of last element is size -1. There are 2 methods linear search and binary search.

Searching: It is the process of finding the position of the given element.
1. Linear search:
In this method each element of the array is compared with the element to be searched starting from the first element. If it finds the position of the element in the array is returned.

2. Binary search:
It uses a technique called divide and conquer method. It can be performed only on sorted arrays. First we check the element with the middle element. There are 3 possibilities. The first possibility is the searched element is the middle element then search can be finished.

The second possibility is the element is less than the middle value so the upper bound is the middle element. The third possibility is the element is greater than the middle value so the lower bound is the middle element. Repeat this process.8.3 Two dimensional (2D) arrays.

Some occasions we have to store 6 different marks of 50 students. For this we use 2D arrays. An array with two subscripts is used, eg. int mark[r][c]; Here r is the row and c is the column.

Question 26.

1. Finding sum of all elements in an array is an example of _________ operation.
2. If 24, 45, 98, 56, 76, 24, 15 are the elements of an array, illustrate the working of selection sort for arranging the elements in descending order. (SCERT SAMPLE -1) (3)

Answer:
1. Traversal

2. In selection sort the array is divided into two parts the sorted part and unsorted part. First smallest elemant in the unsorted part in searched and exchanged with the first elemant now there is 2 parts sorted part and unsorted part. This process continues.

Question 27.
Read the following C++ statement:

1. How many bytes will be allocated for this array?
2. Write algorithm to sort this array using bubble sort method. (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (3)

Answer:
1. To store an integer 4 bytes needed so AR[10] needs 10 × 4 = 40 bytes.

2. Sorting – Arranging elements of an array in an order(ascending or descending).
(a) Bubble sort:
It is a simple sorting method. In this sorting considering two adjascent elements if it is out of order, the elements are interchanged. After the first iteration the largest(in the case of ascending sorting) or smallest(in the case of descending sorting) will be the end of the array. This process continues.

(b) Selection sort:
In selection sort the array is divided into two parts, the sorted part and unsorted part. First smallest element in the unsorted part is searched and exchanged with the first element. Now there is 2 parts sorted part and unsorted part. This process continues.

Question 28.
Explain ‘Call by Value’ and ‘Call by Reference’ methods of function calling with the help of a suitable example. (SEP-2016) (3)
Answer:
Two types are call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Question 29.
What is an array? Write C++ program to declare and use a single dimensional array for storing the computer science marks of all students in your
class. (SEP-2016) (3)
Answer:
An array is a collection of elements with same data type or with the same name we can store many elements, the first or second or third etc can be distinguished by using the index(subscript). The first element’s index is 0, the second elements index is 1, and so on.

Question 30.
Write an algorithm for arranging elements of an array in ascending order using bubble sort. (MARCH-2017) (3)
Answer:

Plus One Arrays Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write a program to perform matrix addition, multiplication, subtraction.
Answer:

Students can Download Chapter 10 Functions Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 10 Functions

Plus One Functions One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The process of dividing big programs into small programs are called __________.
Answer:
Modularization

Question 2.
The big programs are divided into smaller programs. This smaller programs are called __________.
Answer:
Functions

Question 3.
The execution of the program begins at __________ function.
Answer:
main function

Question 4.
One of the following is not involved in the creation and usage of a user defined function.
(a) Define a function
(b) Declare a function
(c) invoke a function
(d) None of these
Answer:
(d) None of these

Question 5.
The default data type returned by a function is ________.
(a) float
(b) double
(c) int
(d) char
Answer:
(c) int

Question 6.
After the execution of a function, it is returned back to the main function by executing _________ keyword.
Answer:
return

Question 7.
Supplying data to a function from the called func-tion by using _________.
Answer:
parameters (arguments)

Question 8.
_________ keyword is used to give a value back to the called function.
Answer:
return.

Question 9.
_________ key word is used to specify a function returns nothing.
Answer:
void

Question 10.
One of the following is not necessary in the function declaration. What is it?
(a) name of the function
(b) return type
(c) number and type of arguments
(d) name of the parameters
Answer:
(d) name of the parameters

Question 11.
A function declaration is also called _________.
Answer:
prototype

Question 12.
Consider the following declaration
int sum(int a , int b)
{
return a+b;
}
From the following which is the valid function call.
(a) n = sum(10)
(b) n = sum(10,20)
(c) n = sum(10,20,30)
(d) n = sum()
Answer:
(b) n = sum(10,20)

Question 13.
The ability to access a variable or a function from some where in a program is called ________.
Answer:
scope

Question 14.
A variable or a function declared within a function is have ______ scope.
Answer:
local

Question 15.
A variable or a function declared out side of all the functions is have __________ scope.
Answer:
global

Question 16.
State True/False

1. A local variable exist till the end of the program
2. A global variable destroyed when the sub function terminates

Answer:

1. False
2. False

Question 17.
consider the following declaration
int x;
void main()
{
……..
}
Here x is a _____ variable.
Answer:
global

Question 18.
consider the following declaration
void main()
{
int x;
}
Here x is a _______ variable
Answer:
local

Question 19.
__________ parameter is used when the function call does not supply a value for parameters
Answer:
default

Question 20.
The parameter used to call a function is called ____________.
Answer:
Actual parameter

Question 21.
The parameters appear in a function definition are ___________.
Answer:
formal parameters

Question 22.
After the distribution of answer scripts, the teacher gives the Photostat copy of the mark list to the students to check the marks. If the students make any change that do not affect the original mark list. There is a similar situation to pass the arguments to a function. What is this method?
(a) call by value
(b) call by reference
(c) call by address
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) call by value

Question 23.
Your class teacher gives you the original mark list to check the mark. If you make any change it will affect the original mark list. There is a similar situation to pass the arguments to a function. What is this method?
(a) call by value
(b) call by reference
(c) call by function
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) call by reference

Question 24.
Consider the following function declaration
int sum(int,a, int b)
{
Body
}
Here the arguments are passed by __________.
Answer:
call by value method

Question 25.
Consider the following function declaration
int sum(int &a, int &b)
{
Body
}
Here the arguments are passed by __________.
Answer:
call by reference method

Question 26.
A function calls it self is known as ____________.
Answer:
recursive function

Question 27.
Varun wants to copy a string by using strcpy() function. From the following which header file is used for this?
(a) cstdio
(b) cmath
(c) cstring
(d) cctype
Answer:
(c) cstring

Question 28.
__________ is a named group of statements to perform a job/task and returns a value.
Answer:
Function

Question 29.
In his C++ program Ajith wants to accept a lengthy text of more than one line. Which function in C++ can be used in this situation.
Answer:
gets() function can be used to accept a lengthy text.

Question 30.
A function can call itself for many times and return a result. What is the name given to such a function? (MARCH-2016)
Answer:
Recursive function

Question 31.
How many values can a C++ function return? (SCERT SAMPLE-I) (1)
Answer:
One Value

Question 32.
A function may require data to perform the task assigned to it. Which is the component of function prototype that serves this purpose? (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (1)
Answer:
Arguments (Parameters)

Question 33.
“Arguments used in call statement are formal arguments”. State true or false. (SAY-2016) (1)
Answer:
False

Question 34.
Name the built-in function to check whether a character is alphanumeric or not. (MARCH-2017)
Answer:
pisalnum()

Plus One Functions Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How does C++ support modularity in programming C++
Answer:
The process of converting big programs into smaller programs is known as modularisation. This small programs are called modules or sub programs or functions. C++ supports modularity in programming called functions.

Question 2.
Consider the following code snippet
charch;
cout << “Enter an alphabet”;
cin>>ch;
cout<<toupper (ch);
What is the output of the above code? Give a sample output.
If the above code is used in a computer that has no cctype file, how will you modify the code to get the same output?
Answer:
It reads a character and convert it into upper case.
eg:
Enter an alphabet: a
The output is A.
If a computer has no cctype header file the code is as follows,
char ch;
cout<< “Enter an alphabet”;
cin»ch;
if (ch >= 97 && ch<<122)
cout<<ch – 32;

Question 3.
The following assignment statement will generate a compilation error.
char str[20];
str = “Computer”
Write a correct C++ statement to perform the same task
Answer:
char str[20] = “Computer”;

OR

char str[20];
strcpy(str,”Computer”); (The header file <string.h> should be included)

Question 4.
float area(const float pi = 3.1415, const float r)
{
r = 10;
return pi*r;
}
Is there any problem? If yes what is it?
Answer:
There is an error. The error is ‘r’ is a constant V must be initialised and cannot be changed during execution.

Question 5.
Match the following

Answer:
a. 3
b. 1
c. 5
d. 4
e. 2

Question 6.
What are the jobs of a return statement in a program?
Answer:
In the case of a sub function a return statement helps to terminate the sub function and return back to the main function or called function. But in the case of a main function it terminates the program.

Question 7.
How to invoke a function in C++ program?
Answer:
function can be called or invoked by providing the name of the function followed by the arguments in parenthesis.
eg: sum(m,n);

Question 8.
Briefly explain constant arguments
Answer:
By using the keyword const we can make argument (parameter) of a function as a constant argument. The value of the const argument cannot be modified within the function.

Question 9.
Short notes on header files
Answer:
A header file is a prestored file that helps to use some operators and functions. To write C++ pro-grams the header files are must. Following are the header files
alloc
iostream
iomanip
cstdio
cctype
cmath
cstring
The syntax for including a header file is as follows
#include<name of the header file>
eg: #include<iostream>

Question 10.
Identify the appropriate header files for the following.

1. setw()
2. cout
3. toupper()
4. exit()
5. strcpy()

Answer:

1. setw() – iomanip.h
2. cout – iostream
3. toupper() – cstring
4. exit() – process
5. strcpy() – cstring

Question 11.
Construct the function prototypes for the following functions.

1. The function Display() accepts one argument of type double and does not return any value.
2. Total () accepts two arguments of type int, float respectively and returns a float type value. (MARCH-2015) (2)

Answer:

1. void Display(double);
2. float Total(int, float);

Question 12.
Explain two types of variable according to its scope and life. (SAY-2015) (2)
Answer:
Scope and life of variables and functions
1. Local scope:
A variable declared inside a block can be used only in the block. It cannot be used any other block.
eg:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int sum(int n1 ,int n2)
{
int s;
s = n1 + n2;
return (s);
}
int main()
{
int n1 ,n2;
cout<<“Enter 2 numbers cin>>n1>>n2;
cout<<“The sum is “<<sum(n1 ,n2);
}
Here the variable s is declared inside the function sum and has local scope;

2. Global scope:
A variable declared outside of all blocks can be used any where in the program.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int s;
int sum(int n1,int n2)
{
s = n1 + n2;
return(s);
}
int main()
{
int n1 ,n2;
cout<<“Enter 2 numbers cin>>n1>>n2;
cout<<“The sum is “<<sum(n1,n2);
}
Here the variable s is declared out side of all functions and we can use variable s any where in the program.

Question 13.
There is a way to pass more than one value to the calling function from the called function. Explain how? (SCERT SAMPLE – I) (2)
Answer:
Methods of calling functions
Two types call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h> void
swap(int a, int b)
{
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
main()
{
clrscr();
int a,b;
cout<<“Enter values for a and b:-“;
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<“The values before swap a =”<<a<<“ and
b =”<<b;
swap(a,b);
cout<<“\nThe values before swap a =”<<a«“ and
b =”<<b;
getch();
}

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void swap(int &a, int &b)
{
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
main()
{
clrscrO;
int a,b;
cout<<“Enter values for a and b:- “; cin>>a>>b;
cout<<“The values before swap a =”<<a<<“ and
b=”<<b;
swap(a,b);
cout<<“\nThe values before swap a =”<<a<<“ and
b =”<<b;
getch();
}

Question 14.
A
Answer:
int sum (int N, int Start_No) .
{
int i, S = 0;
for (i = Start_No; i < = N + Start_No; i++)
S = S + i;
reurn S;
}

Question 15.
Differentiate between the string functions strcmp() and strcmpi(). (SAY-2016) (2)
Answer:
strcmp(): It is used to compare two strings and returns an integer.
Syntax:
strcmp(string1,string2)

• if it is 0 both strings are equal.
• if it is greater than 0(i.e. +ve) stringl is greater than string2
• if it is less than 0(i.e. -ve) string2 is greater than string1

strcmpi():
It is same as strcmp() but it is not case sensitive. That means uppercase and lowercase are treated as same.
eg: “ANDREA” and “Andrea” and “andrea” these are same.

Question 16.
Read the function definition given below. Predict the output, if the function is called as convert (7). (MARCH-2017) (2)
void convert (int n)
{
if (n>1)
convert (n/2);
cout<<n%2;
}
Answer:
The out put is 111. convert() is a recursive function.

Plus One Functions Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Consider the following function declaration with optional (default) arguments and state legal or illegal and give the reasons

1. int sum(int x = 10, int y, int z)
2. int sum(int x = 10, int y = 20, int z)
3. int sum(int x = 10, int y = 20, int z = 30)
4. int sum(int x, int y = 20, int z)
5. int sum(int x, int y = 20, int z = 30)
6. inf sum(int x, int y, int z = 30)
7. int sum(int x = 10, int y, int z = 30)

Answer:
There is a rule to make an argument as default argument,i.e., to set an argument with a value that must be in the order from right to left. All the arguments in the right side of an argument must be set first to make an argument as a default argument.

1. illegal, because y and z are not have values
2. illegal, because z has no value
3. legal
4. illegal, because z has no value
5. legal
6. legal
7. illegal, because x has a value but y has no value

Question 2.
A list of C++ built-in functions are given. Classify them based on the usage and prepare a table with proper group names.

Answer:

Question 3.
Read the following program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<sum(2,3);
}
int sum(int x, int y)
{return (x + y);}
On compilation on the program, an error will be displayed. Identify and explain the reason. How can you rectify the problem
Answer:
The compilation of the program starts from the first line arid next line and so on( i.e. line by line). While compiling the line cout<<sum(2,3); The compiler does not understand the word sum(2,3) because it is not declared yet hence the error prototype required. To rectify this problem there are two methods

First method:
Give the function definition just before the main function as follows.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int sum(intx, int y)
{return (x + y);}
int main()
{
cout<<sum(2,3);
}

Second Method:
Give the function declaration(prototype only) in the main function as follows.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int sum(int.int);
cout<<sum(2,3);
}
int sum(int x, int y)
{return (x + y);}

Question 4.
Considering the following function definition.
{
for (int f = 1; n>0; n-)
f = f*n;
return f;
}
void main()
{
int a = 5, ans;
ans = fact (a);
cout<< a << “! = ” << ans;
}
The expected, desired output is 5! = 120
What will be the actual output of the program? It is not the same as above, why? What modification are required in the program to get the desired output.
Answer:
The output is 0! = 120
Because the address of variable ’a’ is given to the variable ‘n’ of the function fact(call by reference method). So the function changes its value (i.e. n-) to 0. Hence the result.
To get the desired result call the function as call by value method in this method the copy of the value of the variable ‘a’ is given to the function. So the actual value of ‘a’ will not changed. So instead of int fact(int &n) just write int fact(int n), i.e., no need of & symbol.

Question 5.
A function is defined as follows
int sum (int a, int b = 2)
{return (a + b);}
Check whether each of the following function calls is correct or wrong, Justify your answer

1. cout << sum (2,3);
2. cout << sum( 2) ;
3. cout << sum();

Answer:
Here the function is declared with one optional argument. So the function call with minimum one argument is compulsory.

1. It is valid. Here a becomes 2 and b becomes 3.
2. It is also valid . Here a becomes 2 and b takes the default value 2.
3. It is not a valid call. One argument is compulsory.

Question 6.
The factorial of a number, say N is the product of first N natural numbers. Thus, factorial of 5 can be obtained by taking the product of 5 and factorial of 4. Similarly factorial of 4 be found out by taking the product of 4 and factorial of 3. At last the factorial of 1 is 1 itself.

Which technique is applicable to find the factorial of a number in this fashion? Write a C++ function to implement this technique. Also explain the working of the function by giving the number 5 as input.
Answer:
A function calls itself is known as recursion.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int fac(int);
int main()
{
int n;
cout<<“enter a number”;
cin>>n;
cout<<fac(n);
}
int fac(int n)
{
if (n == 1) return (1);
else
return (n × fac(n – 1));
}
The working of this program is as follows If the value of n is 5 then it calls the function as fa. The function returns value 5 × fac(4), That means this function calls the function again and returns 5 ×4 × fac(3). This process continues until the value n = 1. So the result is 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120.

Question 7.
How do two functions exchange data between them? Compare the two methods of data transfer from calling function to called function
Answer:
There are two methods they are call by value and call by reference
1. call by value:
In call by value method, a copy of the actual parameters are passed to the formal parameters. If the function makes any change it will not affect the original value.

2. call by reference:
In call by reference method, the reference of the actual parameters are passed to the formal parameters. If the function makes any change it will affect the original value.

Question 8.
Read the following program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int a = 0;
int main()
{
int showval(int);
cout<< a; a++;
cout << showval (a);
cout<< a;
}
int showval(int x)
{
int a = 5;
return (a + x);
}
Write down the value displayed by the output of the above program with suitable explanation. What are the inferences drawn regarding the scope of variables?
Answer:
The output is 061.
Global variable: A variable declared out side of all functions it is known as global variable.
Local variable: A variable declared inside of a function it is known as local variable.
If a variable declared inside a function(main or other) with the same name of a global variable. The function uses the value of local variable and does not use the value of the global variable.

Here int a = 0 is a global variable. In the main function the global variable ‘a’ is used. There is no local variable so the value of ‘a’, 0 is displayed. The statement ‘a++’ makes the value of ‘a’ is 1. It calls the function showval with argument ‘a = T.

The argument ‘x’ will get this value i.e. ‘x = 1 But in the function showval there is a local variable ‘a’ its value is 5 is used. So this function returns 6 and it will be displayed. After this the value 1 of the global variable ‘a’ will be displayed. Hence the result 061.

Question 9.
The following are function calling statements. Some of them will be executed, while some other generate compilation error. Write down your opinion on each of them with proper justification Function

1. har ch =
2. sqrt(25);
3. strcat (“Computer”, “Program”);
4. double num = pow(2,3,5)
5. putchar(getchar());

Answer:

1. getch get a character from the console(keyboard) but does not echo to the screen. So we can’t read a character from the console.
2. It returns the square root of 25.
3. It concatenates Program to computer, i.e. we will get a string “computer program”
4. The function pow should contains only two arguments. But here it contains 3 arguments so it is an error. We can write this function as follows Double num = pow(pow(2,3),5)
5. It reads a character from the console and display it on the screen.

Question 10.
Write down the operation performed by the following statements.

1. int l = strlen(“Computer Program”);
2. char ch[ ] = tolower(“My School”);
3. cout <<(strcmp(“High”, “Low”)>0 ? toupper(“High”):tolower(“Low”));

Answer:

1. The built in function strlen find the length of the string i.e. 16 and assigns it to the variable I.
2. This is an error because tolower is a character function.
3. This is also an error because tolower and toupper are character functions.

Question 11.
A line of given length with a particular character is to be displayed. For example, ********** js a line with ten asterisks (*). Define a function to achieve this output.
Answer:

Question 12.
Read the following function
int fib(int n)
{
if (n<3)
return 1;
else
return (fib(n – 1) + fib(n – 2));
}

1. What is the speciality of this function
2. How does it work?
3. What will be the output of the following code?

Answer:

1. This function is a recursive function. That means the function calls itself.
2. It works as follows
   • if i = 1, The function fib calls with value 1. i.e. fib(1) returns 1
   • if i = 2, The function fib calls with value 2. i.e. fib(2) returns 1
   • if i = 3, The function fib calls with value 3. i.e. fib(3) returns fib(2) + fib(1) i.e. it calls the function again.
     So the result is 1 + 1 = 2
   • if i = 4, The function fib calls with value 4. i.e. fib(4) returns fib(3) + fib(2) i.e. it calls the function again.
     So the result is 2 + 1 = 3
3. The output will be as follows 1 1 2 3

Question 13.
Explain scope rules of functions and variables in a C++ program
Answer:
Local variable or function:
A variable or function declared inside a function is called local variable or function. This cannot be accessed by the out-side of the function.
eg:
main()
{
int k; // local variable
cout<<sum(a,b); // local function
}

Global variable or function:
A variable or function declared out side of a function is called global variable or function. This can be accessed by any statements.
eg:
int k; // global variable
int sum(int a, int b); // global function
main()
{
}

Question 14.
Briefly explain default arguments Default arguments.
Answer:
A default value can be set for a parameter (argument) of a function. When the user does not give a value the function will take the default value. An important thing remember,is an argument cannot have a default value unless all arguments on its right side must have default value.
Functions with valid default arguments are given below

• float area(int x, int y, int z = 30);
• float area(int x, int y = 20, int z = 30);
• float area(int x = 10, int y = 20, int z = 30);

Functions with invalid default arguments are given below

• float area(int x = 10, int y, int z);
• float area(int x, int y = 20, int z);
• float area(int x = 10, int y = 20, int z);

Question 15.
How to pass an array to function.
Answer:
By using call by reference method we can send an array as argument. We have to send only the array name and its data type. The array name holds the starting address and will access the subsequent elements of an array.
The following example shows this

Question 16.
How to pass a structure to a function.
Answer:
A structure can be passed as argument to a function either call by value or call by reference method. An example is given below to read name and age of a structure and pass it to a function.

Question 17.
Write a program to read a character and check whether it is alphabet or not. If it is an alphabet check whether it is upper case or lower case?
Answer:

Question 18.
Write a program to read 2 strings and join them 2 string.
Answer:

Question 19.
Write a program to read 2 strings and compare it 2 string.
Answer:

Question 20.
Write a program to read a string and display the number of alphabets and digits and special characters.
Answer:

Question 21.
Write a program to perform the following opera-tions on a string

1. Length of a string
2. Search a character
3. Display the string

Answer:

Question 22.
Write short notes about conversion functions.
Answer:
The header file stdlib.h is used for conversion functions.Following are the important conversion functions
1. itoa():
It is used to convert an integer into a string.
eg:
int n = 100;
charstr[20];
itoa(n,str,10);

2. Itoa():
It is used to convert an long into a string.
eg:
long n = 1002345L
char str[20];
ltoa(n,str,10);

3. atoi():
It is used to convert a string into integer
eg:
int n;
str[] = “123”
n = atoi(str);

4. atoll():
It is used to convert a string into long
eg:
long n;
str[] = “123456”
n = atol(str);

Question 23.

1. Predict the output of both programs.
2. Justify your predictions.

Answer:
1. A. Output
value = 40

B. output
value = 0

2. In the first case (A) the argument x is passed by reference method. So the changes made in the function reflects in main()

In the second case (B) the argument x is passed by value method. So the changes made in the function will not reflect in main()

Question 24.
Consider the following C++ function.
int recfact(int x)
{
if(x == 0)
return 1;
else
return x * recfact(x – 1);
}

1. What type of function is this? Explain. (2 Scores)
2. What is the output of the above function when x = 5

Answer:

1. recursive function. The abilty of a function to call itself is called recursion. A function is said to be recursive if a statement in the body of the function calls itself.
2. Output 120

Question 25.
void initialise()
{
int k = 10;
}
int main()
{
int a, b;
float marks;
a = 20;
cout<<“First value =”<< a;
initialise();
b = k + a;
cout<<“New value =”<<b;
}

1. Identify the error in the above code and explain its reasons.
2. Correct the errors.

Answer:

1. K is a local variable in the function initialize 0. It is not accessible in main()
2. Making the variable K as global we can correct the error.

Question 26.
Write a program to read 2 strings and join them using string function.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str1 [50],str2[50],str[100];
cout<<“Enter a string:”; gets(strl);
cout<<“Enter another string:”; gets(str2);
strcat(str,str1);
strcat(str,str2);
cout<<“The concatenated string is”<<str;
}

Question 27.
Consider the following code.
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str1 [] = “123”,str2[] = “45”;
int a,b;
a = atoi(str1);
b = atoi(str2);
cout<<a + b;
}
What will be the output and give the reason?
Answer:
The output is 123 + 45 = 168. Here the conversion function atoi is used to convert the string “123” into integer 123 and “45” into integer 45 so the result.

Question 28.
Name the different methods used for passing arguments to a function. Write the difference between them with examples. (MARCH-2015)
Answer:
Methods of calling functions:
Two types call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Question 29.
Write a C++ program to display the simple interest using function. (SAY-2015) (3)
Answer:
include < iostream>
using namespace std;
float Simplelnt (float p, int n, float r)
{
return (p*n*r/100);
}
int main()
{
float p, r, SI;
int n;
cout<<“Enter values for p,n,r:”; cin>>p>>n>>r;
SI = Simplelnt (p,n,r); cout<<“simple interest is”<<SI;
}

Question 30.
Write a function’s definition of the above type to find the sum of matural numbers from 1 to N. (Hint: If the value of N is 5, the answer will be 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15). (MARCH – 2016) (3)
Answer:
int sum (int n)
{
if (n == 0)
return 0;
else
return (n + sum (n – 1));
}

Question 31.
A program requires functions for adding 2 numbers, 3 numbers and 4 numbers, How can you provide a solution by writing a single functio0n? (SCERT SAMPLE -1) (3)
Answer:
It can be solved by writing function with default values.
eg: int add (int n1, int n2, int n3 = 0, int n4 = 0)
{
return (n1 + n2 + n3 + n4);
}
This function can be invoked by the following function calling
1. add (5,2);
2. add (5,2,7);
3. add (5,2,7,10);

The 1. Call returns 5 + 2 = 7
2. Call returns 5 + 2 + 7 = 14
3. Call returns 5 + 2 + 7 + 10 = 24

Question 32.
Explain the difference between call-by-value method and call-by-reference method with the help of examples. (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (3)
Answer:
Methods of calling functions:
Two types call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the ’ function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Question 33.
Explain recursive functions with the help of a suitable example. (SAY-2016) (3)
Answer:
A function calls itself is called recursive function.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void convert(int n)
{
if(n>1)
convert(n/2);
cout<<n % 2;
}
int main()
{
convert(7);
}
Here the function convert is a recursive function, that means it calls itself and output of the above program is 111.

Question 34.
Name the built-in function to check whether a character is alphanumeric or not. (MARCH-2017) (3)
Answer:
isalnum()

Question 35
Briefly explain the three components in the structure of a C++ program. (MARCH-2017) (3)
Answer:
1. Preprocessor directives:
A C++ program starts with the preprocessor directive i.e., # .include, #define, #undef, etc, are such a preprocessor directives. By using #include we can link the header files that are needed to use the functions. By using #define we can define some constants.
eg: #define x 100. Here the value of x becomes 100 and cannot be changed in the program. No semicolon is needed.

2. Header files:
A header file is a pre stored file that helps to use some operators and functions. To write C++ programs the header files are must. Following are the header files iostream

• iomanip
• cstdio
• cctype
• cmath
• cstring

The syntax for including a header file is as follows
#include<name of the header file>
eg: #include<iostream>

3. The main function:
The main function is the first function which is invoked at the time of execution and the program ends within main(). The other functions are invoke from main().

Question 36.
Explain the difference between call by value method and call by reference method with the help of examples. (MARCH-2017) (3)
Answer:
Two types are call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change wilt not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Plus One Functions Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Short notes about character functions and string functions
Answer:
A. Character functions:
1. isalnum():
t is used to check whether a character is alphabet or digit. It returns a non zero value if it is an alphabet or digit otherwise it returns zero.

2. isalpha():
It is used to check whether a character is alphabet or not. It returns a non zero value if it is an alphabet otherwise it returns zero.

3. isdigit():
It is used to check whether a character is digit or not. It returns a non zero value if it is digit otherwise it returns zero.

4. islower():
It is used to check whether a character is lower case alphabet or not. It returns a non zero value if it is a lowercase alphabet otherwise it returns zero.

5. isupper():
It is used to check whether a character is upper case alphabet or not. It returns a non zero value if it is an upper case alphabet otherwise it returns zero.

6. tolower():
It is used to convert the alphabet into lower case

7. toupper():
It is used to convert the alphabet into upper case

B. String functions:

1. strcpy():
This function is used to copy one string into another

2. strcat():
This function is used to concatenate(join) second string into first string

3. strlen():
This function is used to find the length of a string.

4. strcmp():
This function is used to compare 2 strings. If the first string is less than second string then it returns a negative value. If the first string is equal to the second string then it returns a value zero and if the first string is greater than the second string then it returns a positive value.

Question 2.
Write functions to perform the following operations

1. sqrt()
2. power of 2 numbers
3. sin
4. cos

Answer:

Question 3.
Write a C++ program to display the roots of quadratic equation. (SAY-2015) (5)
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>

Question 4.
Explain ‘Call by Value’ and ‘Call by Reference’ methods of function calling with the help of a suitable example. (SAY-2016)
Answer:
Two types are call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Question 5.
Define network topology. Explain any four network topologies in detail. (SAY-2016)
Answer:
Network topologies:
Physical or logical arrangement of computers on a network is called structure or topology. It is the geometrical arrangement of computers in a network. The major topologies developed are star, bus, ring, tree and mesh

1. Star Topology:
A star topology has a server all other computers are connected to it. If computer A wants to transmit a message to computer B. Then computer A first transmit the message to the server then the server retransmits the message to the computer B.

That means all the messages are transmitted through the server. Advantages are add or remove workstations to a star network is easy and the failure of a workstation will not effect the other. The disadvantage is that if the server fails the entire network will fail.

2. Bus Topology:
Here all the computers are attached to a single cable called bus. Here one computer transmits all other computers listen. Therefore it is called broadcast bus. The transmission from any station will travel in both the direction. The connected computers can hear the message and check whether it is for them or not.

Advantages are add or remove computer is very easy. It requires less cable length and the installation cost is less. Disadvantage is fault detection is very difficult because of no central computer.

3. Ring Topology:
Here all the computers are connected in the shape of a ring and it is a closed loop. Here also there is no central computer. Here a computer transmits a message, which is tagged along with its destination computer’s address. The message travels in one direction and each node check

whether the message is for them. If not, it passes to the next node. FIt requires only short cable length. If a single node fails, at least a portion of the network will fail. To add a node is very difficult.

4. Hybrid Topology:
It is a combination of any two or more network topologies. Tree topology and mesh topology can be considered as hybrid topology.
(a) Tree Topology:
The structure of a tree topology is the shape of an inverted tree with a central node and branches as nodes. It is a variation of bus topology. The data transmission takes place in the way as in bus topology. The disadvantage is that if one node fails, the entire portion will fail.

(b) Mesh Topology:
In this topology each node is connected to more than one node. It is just like a mesh (net). There are multiple paths between computers. If one path fails, we can transmit data through another path.

Students can Download Chapter 9 String Handling and I/O Functions Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 9 String Handling and I/O Functions

Plus One String Handling and I/O Functions One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
To read a single character for gender i.e. ‘m’ or ‘f’ ________ function is used.
Answer:
(a) getch()
(b) getchar()
(c) gets()
(d) getline()
Answer:
(b) getchar()

Question 2.
To use getchar(), putchar(), gets() and puts(), which header file is used?
(a) iostream
(b) cstdio
(c) input
(d) output
Answer:
(b) cstdio

Question 3.
To use cin and cout, which header file is needed?
(a) iostream
(b) cstdio
(c) input
(d) output
Answer:
(a) iostream

Question 4.
Predict the output of the following code snippet.
#include<cstdio>
int mainO
{
char name[ ] = “ADELINE”;
for(int i=0; name[i]!=’\0′;i++)
putchar(name[i]);
}
Answer:
The output is “ADELINE”.

Question 5.
From the following which is equivalent to the function getc(stdin).
(a) putchar()
(b) gets()
(c) getchar()
(d) puts()
Answer:
(c) getchar()

Question 6.
From the following which is equivalent to the function putc(ch, stdout).
(a) putchar(ch)
(b) ch = gets()
(c) ch = getchar()
(d) puts(ch )
Answer:
(a) putchar(ch)

Question 7.
To print a single character at a time which function is used?
(a) puts()
(b) putchar()
(c) gets()
(d) getchar()
Answer:
(b) putchar()

Question 8.
To read a string _______ function is used.
(a) puts()
(b) putchar()
(c) gets()
(d) getchar()
Answer:
(b) gets()

Question 9.
To print a string _______ function is used.
(a) puts()
(b) putchar()
(c) gets()
(d) getchar()
Answer:
(b) puts()

Question 10.
Consider the following code snippet.
main()
{
char str[80];
gets(str);
for(int i=0. len=0;str[il!=’\0′;i++.len++);
cout<<“The length of the string is ” <<len;
}
Select the equivalent forthe under lined statement from the following
(a) int len = strlen(str)
(b) int len = strcmp(str)
(c) int len = strcount(str)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) int len = strlen(str)

Question 11.
Arjun wants to read a string with spaces from the following which is suitable.
(а) cin>>
(b) cin.getline(str,80)
(c) str = getc(stdin)
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) cin.getline(str,80)

Question 12.
State whether the following statement is true or false. The ‘<<‘ insertion operator stops reading a string when it encounters a space.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
_________ function is used to copy a string to another variable. (SAY-2016) (1)
Answer:
strcpy();

Question 14.

1. Write the declaration statement for a variable ‘name’ in C++ to store a string of maximum length 30.
2. Differentiate between the statement cin>>name and gets (name) for reading data to the variable ‘name’. (SAY-2016)

Answer:
1. char name[31];(One for null(\0) character).

OR

cin>> does not allows space. It will take characters up to the space and characters after space will be truncated . Here space is the delimiter. Consider the following code snippet that will take the input upto the space.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char name[20];
cout<<“Enter your name:”;
cin>>name;
cout<<“Hello “<<name;
}
If you input a name “Alvis Emerin” then the output will be Hello Alvis. The string after space is truncated.

2. gets(): This function is used to get a string from the keyboard including spaces. Considerthe following code snippet that will take the input including the space.
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char name[20];
cout<<“Enter your name:”;
gets(name);
cout<<“Hello “<<name;
}
If you input a name “Alvis Emerin” then the output will be Hello Alvis Emerin.

Question 15.
What is the advantage of using gets() function in the C++ program to input string data? Explain with an example.
Answer:
gets() function is used to get a string from the keyboard including spaces. Consider the following code snippet that will take the input including the space.
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char name[20];
cout<<“Enter your name:”;
gets(name);
cout<<“Hello “<<name;
}
If you input a name “Alvis” then the output is Hello Alvis.

Plus One String Handling and I/O Functions Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In a C++ program, you forgot to include the header file iostream. What are the possible errors occur in that Program? Explain?
Answer:
Prototype error. To use cin and cout the header file iostream is a must.

Question 2.
Categorise the following into three according to their relationship
iostream, cstdio, gets(), puts(), getchar(), putchar(), getline(), write(), cin, cout.
Answer:

Question 3.
Pick the odd one out from the following and give reason.
gets(), getline(), getch() getchar().
Answer:
getline() – It is a stream function whereas the others are console functions.

Question 4.
My_name is a variable contains a string. Write two different C++ statements to display the string. (SAY-2016) (2)
Answer:

1. cout<<my_name;
2. puts(my_name);

Question 5.
Suggest most suitable built-in function in C++ to perform the following tasks: (MARCH-2016) (2)

1. To find the answer for 53
2. To find the number of characters in the string “KERALA” “HAPPY NEW YEAR”
3. To get back the number 10 if the argument is 100.

Answer:

1. pow(5,3);
2. strlen(“KERALA”)
3. tolower(‘M’)
4. sqrt(100);

Question 6.
Read the following C++ statements:
charstr[50];
cin>>str;
cout<<str;
During execution, if the string given as input is “GREEN COMPUTING”, the output will be only the word “GREEN”. Give reason for this. What modification is required to get the original string as output? (SCERT SAMPLE -1) (2)
Answer:
cin>>word;
cout<<word;
It displays “HAPPY” because cin takes characters upto the space. That is space is the delimiter for cin. The string after space is truncated. To resolve this use gets() function.

Because gets() function reads character upto the enter key.
Hence gets(word);
puts(word);
Displays “HAPPY NEW YEAR”

Question 7.
Suppose M[5][5] is a 2D array that contains the elements of a square matrix. Write C++ statements to find the sum of the diagonal elements. (2)
Answer:
gets() function is used to get a string from the keyboard including spaces. To use gets () function the header file cstdio must be included. It reads the characters upto the enter key pressed by the user.
eg:
char name[20];
cout << “Enter your name”;
gets(name);
cout<< “Hello”<< name;
When the user gives Alvis Emerin. It displays as “Hello Alvis Emerin”.

Plus One String Handling and I/O Functions Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Suresh wants to print his name and native place using a C++ program. The program should accept name and native place first.
Name is: Suresh Kumar
Address is: Alappuzha
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char name[20],place[20];
cout<<“Enter your name”;
cin.getline(name,80);
cout<<“Enter your place”;
cin.getline(place,80);
cout<<“Your name is puts(name);
cout<<“Your place is puts(place);
}

Question 2.
“Programming is Fun”. Write a C++ program to read a string like this in lower case and print it in UPPER CASE. With out using toupper() library function.
Answer:
using namespace std;
#include<cstdio>
int main()
{
char line[80];
int i;
puts(Enter the string to convert”);
gets(line);
for(i=0;line[i]!=’\0′;i++)
if (Iine[i]>=97 && line[i]<=122)
line[i]=line[i] – 32;
puts(line);
}

Question 3.
An assignment Kumar has written a C++ program which reads a line of text and print the number of vowels in it. What will be his program code?
Answer:
#include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char line[80];
int i,vowel=0;
puts(Enter a string”);
gets(line);
for(i=0;line[i]!=’\0′;i++)
switch(tolower(line[i]))
{
case ‘a’:
case ‘e’:
case ‘i’:
case ‘o’:
case ‘u’:
vowel++;
}
cout<<“The number of vowels is “<<vowel;

Question 4.
What will be the output of the following code if the user enter the value “GOOD MORNING”.
1. char string [80];
gets(string);
cout<<string;

2. char string [80];
cin>>string;
cout<<string;

3. charch;
ch = getchar();
cout<<ch;

4. char string [80];
cin.getline(string,9);
cout<<string;
Answer:

1. GOOD MORNING
2. GOOD
3. G
4. GOOD MORN

Question 5.
Consider the following code snippet.
int main()
{
int n;
cout<<“Enter a number”;
cin>>n;
cout<<“The number is “<<n;
}
Write down the names of the header files that must be included in this program
Answer:
Here cin and cout are used so the header file iostream must be included.

Question 6.
Write a program to display the following output.
A
BB
CCC
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[]=”ABC”;
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
cout<<str[i];
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 7.
Distinguish getchar and gets.
Answer:
getchar is a character function but gets is a string function. The header file cstdio.h must be included. It reads a character from the keyboard.
Eg.
char ch;
ch = getchar();
cout<<ch;
gets is used to read a string from the keyboard. It reads the characters upto enter key. The header file cstdio must be included.
char str[80J;
cout<<“Enter a string”;
gets(str);

Question 8.
Distinguish putch and puts.
Answer:
putch is a character function but puts is a string function. The header file cstdio must be included. It prints a character to the monitor.
Eg:
char ch;
ch = getc(stdin);
putch(ch);
puts is used to print a string. The header file stdio.h must be included.
charstr[80];
puts(“Entera string”);
gets(str);
puts(str);

Question 9.
Write a program to check whether a string is palindrome or not. (A string is said to be palindrome if it is the same as the string constituted by reversing the characters of the original string. eg: “MALAYALAM”, “MADAM”, “ARORA”, “DAD”, etc.)
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[40];
int len,i,j;
cout<<“Enter a string:”;
cin>>str;
for(len=0;str[len]!-\0′;len++);
for(i=0,j=len-1;i<len/2;i++,j–)
if(str[i]!=str[j])
break;
if(i==len/2) .
cout<<str<<” is palindrome”;
else
cout<<str<<” is not palindrome”;
}

Question 10.
Explain multi-character function.
Answer:
getline() and write() functions are multi character functions:
1. getline() It reads a line of text that ends with a newline character. It reads white spaces also.
eg:
char line[80];
cin.getline(line,80);

2. write() It is used to display a string.
Eg.
char line[80];
cin.getline(line,80);
cout.write(line,80);

Question 11.
Read a string and print the number of vowels.
Answer:
#include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char line[80];
int i,vowel=0;
puts(“Enter a string”);
gets(line);
for(i=0;line[i]!=’\0′;i++)
switch(tolower(line[i]))
{
case ‘a’:
case ‘e’:
case ‘i’;
case ‘o’:
case ‘u’:
vowel++;
}
cout<<“The number of vowels is in the string is “<< vowel;
}

Question 12.
Distinguish between get() and put() functions.
Answer:
get() function:
get() is an input function. It is used to read a single character and it does not ignore the white spaces and newline character.
Syntax is cin.get(variable);
eg: char ch;
cin.get(ch);

put() function:
put() is an output function. It is used to print a character.
Syntax is cout.put(variable);
eg:
charch;
cin.get(ch);
cout.put(ch);

Question 13.
Write a program to read a string and print the number of consonants.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[40],ch;
int consonent = 0,i;
cout<<“Enter a string:”;
gets(str);
for(i=0;str[i]!=’\0′;i++)
{
ch = toupper(str[i]);
if(ch>=’B’ && ch<=’Z’)
if(ch!=’E’&& ch!=’I’&& ch!=’0’&& ch!=’U’)
consonent++;
}
cout<<“The number of consonents is “<<consonent;
}

Question 14.
Write a program to read a string and print the number of spaces.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[40];
int space=0,i;
cout<<“Enter a string:”;
gets(str);
for(i=0;str[i]!=’\0′;i++)
if(str[i]==32)
space++;
cout<<“The number of spaces is “<<space;
}

Question 15.
Describe in detail about the unformatted console I/O functions.
Answer:
1. Single character functions: This function is used to read or print a character at a time,
(i) getchar():
It reads a character from the keyboard and store it in a character variable.
eg:
char ch;
ch=getchar();

(ii) putchar():
This function is used to print a character on the screen.
eg:
char ch;
ch = getchar();
putchar(ch);

2. String functions This function is used to read or print a string.
(i) gets():
This function is used to read a string from the keyboard and store it in a character variable.
eg:
charstr[80];
gets(str);

(ii) puts():
This function is used to display a string on the screen.
eg:
char str[80];
gets(str);
puts(str);

Question 16.
Write a program to input a string and find the number of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, digits, special characters and white spaces.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[100];
int i,digit=0, Ualpha=0, Lalpha=0, special=0, wspace=0;
cout<<“Enter a string:”;
gets(str);
for(i=0;str[i]!=’\0′;i++)
if(str[i]>=48 && str[i]<=57)
digit++;
else if(str[i]>=65 && str[i]<=90)
Ualpha++;
else if(str[i]>=97 && str[i]<=122)
Lalpha++;
else if(str[i]==’ ‘ || str[i]==’\t’)
wspace++;
else
special++;
cout<<“The number of alphabets is “<<Ualpha+Lalpha<<
” the number of Uppercase letters is “<<Ualpha<< ” the number of Lowercase letters is “<<Lalpha<<” the number of digits is “<<digit<<” the special characters is “<<special<<” and the number of white spaces is “<<wspace;
}

Question 17.
Write a program to count the number of words in a sentence.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,words=1;
char str[80];
cout<<“Enter a string\n”;
gets(str);
for(i=0;str[i]!=’\0′;i++)
if(str[i]==32)
words++;
cout<<“The number of words is “<<words;
}

Question 18.
Write a program to input a string and replace all lowercase vowels by the corresponding uppercase letters.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[100];
int i;
cout<<“Enter a string:”;
gets(str);
for(i=0;str[i]!=\0′;i++)
if(str[i]>=65 && str[i]<=90 || str[i]> = 97 && str[i]<=122)
switch(str[i])
{
case ‘a’:
str[i] = str[i]-32;
break;
case ‘e’:
str[i] = str[i]-32;
break;
case ‘i’:
str[i] = str[i]-32;
break;
case ‘o’: .
str[i] = str[i]-32;
break;
case ‘u’:
str[i] = str[i]-32;
}
cout<<str;
}

Question 19.
Write a program to input a string and display its reversed string using console I/O functions only. For example if the input is “AND” the output should “DNA”.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[40],rev[40];
int len.ij;
cout<<“Enter a string:”;
cin>>str;
for(len=0;str[len]!=’\0′;len++);
for(i=0,j=len-1 ;i<len;i++,j–)
rev[il=str[j];
rev[i]=’\0′;
cout<<“The reversed string is “<<rev;
}

Question 20.
Write a program to input a word(say COMPUTER) and create a triangle as follows.
C
C O
C O M
C O M P
C O M P U
C O M P U T
C O M P U T E
C O M P U T E R
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>//for strlen()
using namespace std;
int main()
{
charstr[20];
cout<<“enter a word(eg.COMPUTER):”;
cin>>str;
int ij;
for(i=0;i<strlen(str);i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
cout<<str[j]<<“\t”;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 21.
Write a program to input a line of text and display the first characters of each word. Use only console I/O functions. For example, if the input is “Save Water, save Nature”, the output should be “SWSN”.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i;
charstr[80];
cout<<“Enter a string\n”;
gets(str);
if(str[0]!=32)
cout<<str[0];
for(i=0;str[i]!=’\0′;i++)
if(str[i]==32 && str[i+1]!=32)
cout<<str[i+1];
}

Students can Download Chapter 6 Data Types and Operators Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 6 Data Types and Operators

Plus One Data Types and Operators One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
___________ is the main activity carried out in computers.
Answer:
Data processing

Question 2.
The data used in computers are different. To differentiate the nature and size of data ___________ is used.
Answer:
Data types

Question 3.
Classify the following data types,
int, array, function, char, pointer, void, float, double, structure
Answer:

Question 4.
Sheela wants to store her age. From the following which is the exact data type.
(a) void
(b) char
(c) int
(d) double
Answer:
(c) int

Question 5
Integer data type uses ________ bytes of memory.
(a) 5
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(d) 4

Question 6.
char data type ________uses bytes of memory.
(a) 1
(b) 3
(c) 7
(d) 8
Answer:
(a) 1

Question 7.
From the following which data type uses 4 bytes of memory.
(a) float
(b) short
(c) char
(d) double
Answer:
(a) float

Question 8.
Full form of ASCII is ___________
Answer:
American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Question 9.
Ramu wants to store the value of From the following which is correct declaration.
(a) char pi = 3.14157
(b) int pi = 3.14157
(c) float pi = 3.14157
(d) long pi = 3.14157
Answer:
(c) float pi = 3.14157

Question 10.
From the following which is not true, to give a variable name.
(a) Starting letter must be an alphabet
(b) contains digits
(c) Cannot be a keyword
(d) special characters can be used
Answer:
(d) special characters can be used

Question 11.
Pick a valid variable name from the following.
(а) 9a
(b) float
(c) age
(d) date of birth
Answer:
(c) age.

Question 12.
To perform a unary operation how many number of operands needed?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) 1 (Unary means one)

Question 13.
To perform a binary operation how many number of operands needed?
(а) 2
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) 2 (binary means two)

Question 14.
To perform a ternary operation how many number of operands needed?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 1
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) 3 (eg: ternary means three)

Question 15.
In C++ 13 % 26 =
(a) 26
(b) 13
(c) 0
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) % is a mod operator i.e. it gives the remainder. Here the remainder is 13.

Question 16.
In C++ 41/2 =
(a) 20.5
(b) 20
(c) 1
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) 20. (The actual result is 20.5 but both 41 and 2 are integers so .5 must be truncated)

Question 17.
++ is a __________ operator.
(a) Unary
(b) Binary
(c) Ternary
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Unary.

Question 18.
Conditional operator is _________ operator.
(a) Unary
(b) Binary
(c) Ternary
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Ternary

Question 19.
% is a _______ operator
(a) Unary
(b) Binary
(c) Ternary
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Binary

Question 20.
State True/False

1. Multiplication, division, modulus have equal priority
2. Logical and (&&) has less priority than logical or ()

Answer:

1. True
2. False

Question 21.
_______is composed of operators and operands.
(a) expression
(b) Keywords
(c) Identifier
(d) Punctuators
Answer:
(a) expression

Question 22.
Supply value to a variable at the time of declaration is known as __________.
Answer:
Initialisation

Question 23.
From the following which is initialisation.
(a) int k;
(b) int k = 100;
(c) int k[10];
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) int k = 100;

Question 24.
State True/False
In an expression all the operands having lower size are converted(promoted) to the data type of the highest sized operand.
Answer:
True

Question 25.
Classify the following as arithmetic/Logical expression.
(a) x + y * z
(b) x < y && y > z
(c) x / y
(d) x > 89 || y < 80
Answer:
(a) and (c) are Arithmetic, (b) and (d) are Logical

Question 26.
Suppose x = 5 and y = 2 then what will be cout<<(float)x/y
Answer:
2.5 The integer x is converted to float hence the result.

Question 27.
Consider the following.
a = 10;
a* =10;
Then a =
(a) a = 100
(b) a = 50
(c) a = 10
(d) a = 20
Answer:
(a) a = 100. This short hand means a = a*10

Question 28.
Consider the following.
a = 10;
a+ = 10;
Then a =
(a) a = 30
(b) a = 50
(c) a = 10
(d) a = 20
Answer:
(d) a = 20. This short hand means a = a + 10

Question 29.
Pick the odd one out
(a) structure
(b) Array
(c) Pointer
(d) int
Answer:
(d) int, it is fundamental data type the others are derived data types

Question 30.
From the following select not a character of C++ language
(a) A
(b) 9
(c) \
(d) @
Answer:
(d) @

Question 31.
Consider the following
float x = 25.56;
cout<<(int)x;
Here the data type of the variable is converted. What type of conversion is this?
(a) type promotion
(b) type casting
(c) implicit conversion
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) type casting (explicit conversion);

Question 32.
Identify the error in the following C++ statement and correct it.
short population = 68000;
Answer:
The maximum number that can store in short type is less than 32767. So to store 68000 we have to use long data type.

Question 33.
Consider the following statements in C++ if(mark>=18)
cout<<“Passed”;
else
cout<<“Failed”;
Suggest an operator in C++ using which the same output can be produced.
Answer:
Conditional operator (?:)

Plus One Data Types and Operators Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Analyses the following statements and write True or False. Justify

1. There is an Operator in C++ having no special character in it
2. An operator cannot have more than 2 operands
3. Comma operator has the lowest precedence
4. All logical operators are binary in nature
5. It is not possible to assign the constant 5 to 10 different variables using a single C++ expression
6. In type promotion the operands with lower data type will be converted to the highest data type in expression.

Answer:

1. True (sizeof operator)
2. False(conditional operator can have 3 operands)
3. True
4. False
5. False(Multiple assignment is possible)
   eg: a = b = c ==5
6. True

Question 2.
Consider the following declaration.
const int bp;
bp = 100;
Is it valid? Explain it?
Answer:
This is not valid. This is an error. A constant variable cannot be modified. That is the error and a constant variable must be initialised. So the correct declaration is as follows, const int bp = 100;

Question 3.
Consider the following statements in C++

1. cout<<41/2;
2. cout<<41/2.0;

Are this two statements give same result? Explain?
Answer:
This two statements do not give same results. The first statement 41/2 gives 20 instead of 20.5. The reason is 41 and 2 are integers. If two operands are integers the result must be integer, the real part must be truncated.

To get floating result either one of the operand must be float. So the second statement gives 20.5. The reason 41 is integer but 2.0 is a float.

Question 4.
If mark = 70 then what will be the value of variable result in the following
result = mark > 50? ’P’: ’F’;
Answer:
The syntax of the conditional operator is given below
Condition ? Value if true : Value if false;
Here the conditional operator first checks the condition i.e., 70 > 50 it is true. So ’P’ is assigned to the variable result.
So the result is ’P’;

Question 5.
Is it possible to initialise a variable at the time of execution. What kind of initialisation is this? Give an example
Answer:
Yes it is possible. This is known as Dynamic initialisation. The example is given below
eg: int a = 10, b = 5; int c = a*b; here the variable c is declared and initialised with the value 10*5.

Question 6.
Boolean data type is used to store True/False in C++. Is it true? Is there any data type called Boolean in C++?
Answer:
No there is no data type for storing boolean value true/false. But in C++ non -zero (either negative or positive) is treated as true and zero is treated as false

Question 7.
Consider the following
n=-15;
if (n)
cout<<“Hello”;
else
cout<<“hai”;
What will be the output of the above code?
Answer:
The output is Hello, because n = -15 a non zero number and it is treated as true hence the result.

Question 8.
Is it possible to declare a variable in between the program as and when the need arise? Then what is it?
Answer:
Yes it is possible to declare a variable in between the program as and when the need arise. It is known as dynamic initialisation.
eg. int x = 10, y = 20;
int z = x*y;

Question 9.
char ch;
cout<<“Enter a character”;
cin>>ch;
Consider the above code, a user gives 9 to the variable ‘ch’. Is there any problem? Is it valid?
Answer:
There is no problem and it is valid since 9 is a character. Any symbol from the key board is treated as a character.

Question 10.
“With the same size we can change the sign and range of data”. Comment on this statement.
Answer:
With the help of type modifiers we can change the sign and range of data with same size. The important modifiers are signed, unsigned, long and short.

Question 11.
Write short notes about C++ short hands?
Answer:
x = x + 10 can be represented as x + = 10, It is called shorthands in C++. It is faster. This is used with all the arithmetic operators as follows.

Question 12.
What is the role of ‘const’ modifier?
Answer:
This ‘const’ keyword is used to declare a constant.
eg: const int bp=100;
By this the variable bp is treated as constant and cannot be possible to change its value during execution.

Question 13.
Specify the most appropriate data type for handling the following data.

1. Roll no. of a student.
2. Name of an employee.
3. Price of an article.
4. Marks of 12 subjects

Answer:

1. short Roll no;
2. char name[20];
3. float price;
4. short marks[12];

Question 14.
Write C++ statement for the following,

1. The result obtained when 5 is divided by 2.
2. The remainder obtained when 5 is divided by 2.

Answer:

1. 5/2
2. 5 % 2

Question 15.
Predict the output of the following code. Justify.
int k = 5;
b = 0;
b = k++ + ++k;
cout<<b;
Answer:
Output is 12. In this statement first it take the value of k in 5 then increment it K++. So first operand for + is 5. Then it becomes 6. Then ++k makes it 7. This is the second operand. Hence the result is 12.

Question 16.
Predict the output.
1. int sum = 10, ctr = 5;
sum = sum + ctr–;
cout<<sum;

2. int sum = 10, ctr = 5;
sum = sum + ++ctr;
cout<<sum;
Answer:

1. 15
2. 16

Question 17.
Predict the output.
int a;
float b;
a = 5;
cout<<sizeof(a + b/2);
Answer:
Output is 4. Result will be the memory size of floating point number

Question 18.
Predict the output.
int a, b, c;
a = 5;
b = 2;
c = a/b;
cout<<c;
Answer:
Output is 2. Both operands are integers. So the result will be an integer

Question 19.
Explain cascading of i/o operations
Answer:
The multiple use of input or output operators in a single statement is called cascading of i/o operators.
eg: To take three numbers by using one statement is as follows
cin>>x>y>>z;
To print three numbers by using one statement is as follows
cout<<x<<y<<z;

Question 20.
Trace out and correct the errors in the following code fragments

1. cout<<“Mark =”45;
2. cin<<“Hellow World!”;
3. cout>>”X + Y;
4. Cout<<‘Good,<<‘Morning’

Answer:

1. cout<<“Mark = 45”;
2. cout<<“Hellow World!”;
3. cout<<X + Y;
4. Cout<<“Good Morning”;

Question 21.
Raju wants to add value 1 to the variable ‘p’ and store the new value in ‘p’ itself. Write four different statements in C++ to do the task.
Answer:

1. P=P+1;
2. p++;(post increment)
3. ++p;(pre increment)
4. p+=1;(short hand in C++)

Question 22.
Read the following code
char str [30];
cin>>str;
cout<<str;
If we give the input “Green Computing”, we get the output “Green”. Why is it so? How can you correct that? (2)
Answer:
The input statement cin>> cannot read the space. It reads the text up to the space, i.e. the delimiter is space. To read the text up to the enter key gets() or getline() is used.

Question 23.

Answer:

Question 24.
Write a C++ expression to. calculate the value of the following equation.

Answer:
x = (-b + sqrt(b*b – 4*a*c)/(2*a)

Question 25.
A student wants to insert his name and school address in the C++ program that he has written. But this should not affect the compilation or execution of the program. How is it possible? Give an example.
Answer:
He can use comments to write this information. In C++ comments are used to write information such as programmer’s name, address, objective of the codes etc. in between the actual codes. This is not the part of the programme. There are two types of comments

1. Single line (//) and
2. Multi-line (/* and *f)

1. Single line (if):
Comment is used to make a single line as a comment. It starts with //.
eg: /./programme starts here.

2. Multi-line (/* and */):
To make multiple lines as a comment. It starts with /* and ends with */.
Eg: /* this programme is used to find sum of two numbers */

Question 26.
Consider the following C++ statements:
char word [20];
cin>>word;
cout<<word;
gets(word);
puts(word);
If the string entered is “HAPPY NEW YEAR”, predict the output and jsutify your answer.
Answer:
cin>>word;
cout<<word;
It displays “HAPPY” because cin takes characters upto the space. That is space is the delimiter for cin. The string after space is truncated. To resolve this use gets () function. Because gets () function reads character upto the enter key.
Hence
gets(word);
puts(word);
Displays “HAPPY NEW YEAR”

Question 27.
Write the difference between x = 5 and x == 5 in C++.
Answer:
x = 5 means the value 5 of the RHS is assigned to the LHS variable x . Here = is the assignment operator. But x == 5, == this is the relational (comparison) operator. Here it checks whether the value of RHS is equal to the value of LHS and this expression returns a boolean value as a result. It is the equality operation.

Question 28.
1. What is the output of the following program?
# include <iostream.h>
void main ()
{
int a;
a = 5 + 3*5;
cout << a;
}

2. How do 9, ‘9’ and “9” differ in C++ program?
Answer:
Here multiplication operation has more priority than addition.
hence
1. a = 5 + 15 = 20

2. Here 9 is an interger
‘9’ is a character
“9” is a string

Question 29.
Read the following C++ program and predict the output by explaining the operations performed.
#include<iostream.h>
void main ()
{
int a = 5, b = 3;
cout<<a++ /–b;
cout<<a/ (float) b;
}
Answer:
Here a = 5 and b = 3
a++ /– b = 5/2 = 2
That is a++ uses the value 5 and next it changes its value to 6
So a/(float) b = 6/(float)2
= 6/2.0
= 3
So the output is 2 and 3

Question 30.
What is the preprocessor directive statement? Explain with an example.
Answer:
A C++ program starts with the preprocessor directive i.e., # include, #define, #undef, etc, are such a preprocessor directives. By using #include we can link the header files that are needed to use the functions. By using #define we can define some constants.
eg. #define x 100. Here the value of x becomes 100 and cannot be changed in the program. No semicolon is needed.

Question 31.
The following C++ code segment is a part of a program written by Smitha to find the average of 3 numbers.
int a, b, c;
float avg;
cin>>a>>b>>c;
avg = (a + b + c)/3;
cout<<avg; .
What will be the output if she inputs 1, 4 and 5? How can you correct it?
Answer:
= (1 + 4 + 5)/3
= 10/3
= 3.3333
Instead of this 3.3333 the output will be 3. This is because if both operands are integers an integer division will be occurred, that is the fractional part will be truncated. To get the correct output do as follows
case 1: int a,b,c; is replaced by float a,b,c;

OR

case 2: Replace (a + b + c)/3 by (a + b + c)/3.0;

OR

case 3: Type casting.
Replace avg = (a + b + c)/3;
by avg = (float)(a + b + c)/3;

Plus One Data Types and Operators Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In a panchayath or municipality all the houses have a house number, house name and members. Similar situation is in the case of memory. Explain
Answer:
The named memory locations are called variable. A variable has three important things

1. variable name: A variable should have a name
2. Memory address: Each and every byte of memory has an address. It is also called location (L) value
3. Content: The value stored in a variable is called content.lt is also called Read(R) value.

Question 2.
Briefly explain constants.
Answer:
A constant or a literal is a data item its value doe not change during execution. The keyword const is used to declare a constant. Its declaration is as follows
const data type variable name = value;
eg.const int bp = 100;
\const float pi = 3.14157;
const char ch = ‘a’;
const char[]=”Alvis”;

1. Integer literals:
Whole numbers without fractional parts are known as integer literals, its value does not change during execution. There are 3 types decimal, octal and hexadecimal.
eg: For decimal 100, 150, etc.
For octal 0100, 0240, etc.
For hexadecimal 0x100, 0x1A, etc.

2. Float literals:
A number with fractional parts and its value does not change during execution is called floating point literals.
eg: 3.14157, 79.78, etc

3. Character literal:
A valid C++ character enclosed in single quotes, its value does not change during execution.
eg: ‘m’, ‘f, etc.

4. String literal:
One or more characters enclosed in double quotes is called string constant. A string is automatically appended by a null character(‘\0’)
eg: “Mary’s”, “India”, etc.

Question 3.
Consider the following statements
int a = 10, x = 20;
float b = 45000.34, y = 56.78;
1. a = b;
2. y = x;
Is there any problem for the above statements? What do you mean by type compatibility?
Answer:
Assignment operator is used to assign the value of RHS to LHS. Following are the two chances
(a) The size of RHS is less than LHS. So there is no problem and RHS data type is promoted to LHS. Here it is compatible.

(b) The size of RHS is higher than LHS. Here comes the problem sometimes LHS cannot possible to assign RHS. There may be a chance of wrong answer. Here it is not compatible.
Here
1. a = b; There is an error since the size of LHS is 2 but the size of RHS is 4.
2. y = x; There is no problem because the size of LHS is 4 and RHS is 2.

Question 4.
A company has decided to give incentives to their salesman as perthe sales. The criteria is given below.
If the total sales exceeds 10,000 the incentive is 10%

1. If the total sales >= 5,000 and total sales <10,000, the incentive is 6 %
2. If the total sales >= 1,000 and total sales <5,000, the incentive is 3 %

Write a C++ program to solve the above problem and print the incentive after accepting the total sales of a salesman. The program code should not make use of ‘if’ statement.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int mainO
{
float sales,incentive;
cout<<“enter the sales”;
cin>>sales;
incentive = (sales>10000 ? sales*.10: (sales > =5000 ? sales * .06 : (sales >= 1000 ? sales * -03: 0)));
cout<<“\nThe incentive is ” << incentive;
}

Question 5.
A C++ program code is given below to find the value of X using the expression
\(x=\frac{a^{2}+b^{2}}{2 a}\)
where a and b are variables

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a;b;
float x
cout<<“Enter the values of a and b;
cin>a>b;
x = a*a + b*b/2*a;
cout>>x;
}
Predict the type of errors during compilation, execution and verification of the output. Also write the output of two sets of input values

1. a = 4, b = 8
2. a = 0, b = 2

Answer:
This program contains some errors and the correct program is as follows.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a,b;
float x; .
cout<<“Enterthe values of a and b”;
cin>>ab;
x=(a*a + b*b)/(2*a);
cout<<x;
}
The output is as follows

1. a = 4 and b = 8 then the output is 10
2. a = 0 and b = 2 then the output is an error divide by zero error(run time error)

Question 6.
A list of data items are given below
45, 8.432, M, 0.124,8 , 0, 8.1 × 1031, 1010, a, 0.00025, 9.2 × 10120, 0471,-846, 342.123E03

1. Categorise the given data under proper headings of fundamental data types in C++.
2. Explain the specific features of each data type. Also mention any other fundamental data type for which sample

data is not given
Answer:
1.

2. The specific features of each data type.
(i) int data type:
It is used to store whole numbers without fractional (decimal point) part. It can be either negative or positive. It con¬sumes 4 bytes (32 bits) of memory.i.e. 232 . numbers. That is 231 negative numbers and 231 positive numbers (0 is considered as +ve ) So a total of 232 numbers. We can store a number in between -231 to + 231-1.

(ii) char data type:
Any symbol from the keyboard, eg. ‘A’ , ‘?’, ‘9’,…. It consumes one byte( 8 bits) of memory. It is internally treated as integers, i.e. 28 = 256 characters. Each character is having a ASCII code, ‘a’ is having ASCII code 97 and zero is having ASCII code 48.

3. float data type:
It is used to store real numbers i.e. the numbers with decimal point. It uses 4 bytes(32 bits) of memory.
eg: 67.89, 89.9 E-15.

4. double data type:
It is used to store very large real numbers. It uses 8 bytes(64 bits) of memory.

5. void data type:
void means nothing. It is used to represent a function returns nothing.

Question 7.
Write valid reasons after reading the following statements in C++ and comment on their correctness by give reasons.

1. char num = 66;
   char num = B’;
2. 35 and 35L are different
3. The number 14, 016 and OxE are one and the same
4. Char data type is often said to be an integer type
5. To store the value 4.15 float data type is preferred over double

Answer:

1. The ASCII number of B is 66. So it is equivalent.
2. 35 is of integer type but 35L is Long
3. The decimal number 14 is represented in octal is 016 and in hexadecimal is OXE.
4. Internally char data type stores ASCII numbers.
5. To store the value 4.15 float data type is better because float requires only 4 bytes while double needs 8 bytes hence we can save the memory.

Question 8.
Suggest most suitable derived data types in C++ for storing the following data items or statements

1. Age of 50 students in a class
2. Address of a memory variable
3. A set of instructions to find out the factorial of a number
4. An alternate name of a previously defined variable.
5. Price of 100 products in a consumer store
6. Name of a student

Answer:

1. Integer array of size 50
2. Pointer variable
3. Function
4. Reference
5. Float array of size 100
6. Character array

Question 9.
Considering the following C++ statements. Fill up the blanks

1. If p = 5 and q = 3 then q%p is _______
2. If E1 is true and E2 is False then E1 && E2 will be _______
3. If k = 8, ++k < = 8 will be ________
4. If x = 2 then (10* ++x) % 7 will be ________
5. If t = 8 and m = (n=3,t-n), the value of m will be ______
6. If i = 12 the value i after execution of the expres¬sion i+ = i- – + – -i will be ______

Answer:

1. 3
2. False
3. False(++k makes k = 9. So 9<=8 is false)
4. 2(++x becomes 3 ,so 10 * 3 = 30%7 = 2)
5. 5( here m = (n = 3,8-3) = (n = 3,5), so m = 5, The maximum value will take)
6. Here i = 12

i + = i- – + – -i
here post decrement has more priority than pre decrement. So “i- -” will be evaluated first. Here first uses the value then change so it uses the value 12 and i becomes 11
i + = 12 + – -i
now i = 11.
Here the value of i will be changed and used so “i- -” becomes 10
i + = 12 + 10 = 22
So, i = 22 +10
i = 32
So the result is 32.

Question 10.
The Maths teacher gives the following problem to Riya and Raju.
x = 5 + 3 * 6.
Riya got x = 48 and Raju got x = 23. Who is right and why it is happened? Write down the operator precedence in detail?
Answer:
Here the answer is x = 23. It is because of precedence of operators. The order of precedence of operators are given below.

Here multiplication has more priority than addition

Question 11.
Explain the data types’ in C++. (3)
Answer:
Fundamental data types:
It is also called built-in data type. They are int, char, float, double and void
1. int data type:
It is used to store whole numbers without fractional (decimal point) part. It can be either negative or positive. It consumes 4 bytes (32 bits) of memory. i.e. 232 numbers. That is 231 negative numbers and 231 positive numbers (0 is considered as +ve) So a total of 232 numbers. We can store a number in between -231 to + 2311.

2. char data type Any symbol from the keyboard, eg. ‘A’,‘9’, …. It consumes one byte( 8 bits) of memory. It is internally treated as integers, i.e. 28 = 256 characters. Each character is having an ASCII code, ‘a’ is having ASCII code 97 and zero is having ASCII code 48.

3. float data type:
It is used to store real numbers i.e. the numbers with decimal point. It uses 4 bytes(32 bits) of memory.
eg: 67.89, 89.9 E-15.

4. double data type:
It is used to store very large real numbers. It uses 8 bytes(64 bits) of memory.

5. void data type:
Void means nothing. It is used to represent a function returns nothing.

• User defined Data types: C++ allows programmers to define their own data type. They are Structure(struct), enumeration (enum), union, class, etc.
• Derived data types: The data types derived from fundamental data types are called Derived data types. They are Arrays, pointers, functions, etc

Question 12.
Predict the output of the following C++ statements.
int a = -5, b = 3, c = 4;
C+ = a++ + –b;
cout<<a<<b<<c;
Answer:
a = -4, b = 2 and c = 1.

Question 13.
Match the following

Answer:

Question 14.
Write any five unary operators of C++. Why are they called so?
Answer:
A unary operator is an operator that need only one operand to perform the operation. The five unary operators of C++ are given below.
Unary +, Unary -, ++, – – and ! (not)

Question 15.
Write C++ examples for the following:

1. Declaration statement
2. Assignment statement
3. Type casting

Answer:

1. int age;
2. age = 16;
3. avg = (float)a + b + c/3;

Plus One Data Types and Operators Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.

• Name: Jose
• Roil no: 20
• Age: 17
• Weight: 45.650

Consider the above data, we know that there are different types of data are used in the computer. Explain different data types used in C++.
Answer:
1. int data type:
It is used to store whole numbers without fractional (decimal point) part. It can be either negative or positive. It consumes 4 bytes (32 bits) of memory, i.e. 232 numbers. That is 231 negative numbers and 231 positive numbers (0 is considered as +ve) So a total of 232 numbers. We can store a number in between -231 to + 2311.

2. char data type:
Any symbol from the keyboard, eg. A’,’9′,…. It consumes one byte( 8 bits) of memory. It is internally treated as integers, i.e. 28 = 256 characters. Each character is having a ASCII code, ‘a’ is having ASCII code 97 and zero is having ASCII code 48.

3. float data type:
It is used to store real numbers i.e, the numbers with decimal point. It uses 4 bytes(32 bits) of memory.
eg: 67.89, 89.9 E-15.

4. double data type:
It is used to store very large real numbers. It uses 8 bytes(64 bits) of memory.

5. void data type:
void means nothing. It is used to represent a function returns nothing.

Question 2.
Define an operator and explain operator in detail.
Answer:
An operator is a symbol that performs an operation. The data on which operations are carried out are called operands. Following are the operators
1. lnput(>>) and output(<<):
These operators are used to perform input and output operation.
eg: cin>>n;
cout<<n;

2. Arithmetic operators:
It is a binary operator. It is used to perform addition(+), subtraction(-), division (/), multiplication (*) and modulus (%- gives the remainder) operations.
eg: If x = 10 and y = 3 then

x/y = 3, because both operands are integer. To get the floating point result one of the operand must be float.

3. Relational operator:
It is also a binary operator. It is used to perform comparison or relational operation between two values and it gives either true(1) or false(O). The operators are <,<=,>,>=,== (equality)and !=(not equal to)
eg: If x = 10 and y = 3 then

4. Logical operators:
Here AND(&&), OR(||) are binary operators and NOT(!) is a unary operator. It is used to combine relational operations and it gives either true(1) or false(O). If x=True and y=False then

Both operands must be true to get a true value in the case of AND(&&) operation If x = True and y = False then

Either one of the operands must be true to get a true value in the case of OR(||) operation If x = True and y = False then

5. Conditional operator:
It is a ternary operator hence it needs three operands. The operator is ?:
Syntax: expression ? value if true : value if false. First evaluates the expression if it is true the second part will be executed otherwise the third part will be executed.
eg: If x = 10 and y = 3 then x>y ? cout<<x : cout<<y;. Here the output is 10

6. sizeof():
This operator is used to find the size used by each data type.
eg. sizeof(int) gives 2.

7. Increment and decrement operator:
These are unary operators.
(a) Increment operator (++): It is used to incre¬ment the value of a variable by one i.e., x++ is equivalent to x = x + 1;
(b) Decrement operator (–): It is used to decre¬ment the value of a variable by one i.e., x-is equivalent to x = x – 1.

8. Assignment operator (=):
lt is used to assign the value of a right side to the left side variable.
eg: x = 5; Here the value 5 is assigned to the variable x.

Students can Download Chapter 5 Introduction to C++ Programming Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 5 Introduction to C++ Programming

Plus One Introduction to C++ Programming One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
IDE means _____________
Answer:
Integrated Development Environment

Question 2.
We know that C++ is a high level language. From the following which statement is true.
(a) C++ contains English like statements.
(b) C++ contains mnemonics
(c) C++ contains only 0 and 1
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) C++ contains English like statements.

Question 3.
C++ is a ______ language.
(a) High level
(b) Low level
(c) Middle level
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) High level

Question 4.
C++ was developed at ___________
(a) AT & T Bell Laboratory
(b) Sanjose Laboratory
(c) Kansas University Lab
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) AT & T Bell Laboratory

Question 5.
C++ is a successor of ___________ language
(a) C#
(b) C
(c) java
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) C

Question 6.
The most adopted and popular approach to write programs is __________
Answer:
Structured programming

Question 7.
From the following which uses OOP concept
(a) C
(b) C++
(c) Pascal
(d) Fortran
Answer:
(b) C++

Question 8.
______________ is the smallest individual unit
Answer:
Token

Question 9
Pick the odd one out
(a) float
(b) void
(c) break
(d) Alvis
Answer:
(d) Alvis, the others are keywords.

Question 10.
Reserved words for the compiler is ____________
(a) Literals
(b) Identifier
(c) Keywords
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Keywords

Question 11.
Pick an identifier from the following
(а) auto
(b) age
(c) float
(d) double
Answer:
(b) age

Question 12.
Pick the invalid identifier
(a) name
(b) Date of birth
(c) age
(d) joining time
Answer:
(b) Date of birth, because it contains space.

Question 13.
Pick the octal integer from the following
(a) 217
(b) 0 X 217
(c) 0217
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) 0217, an octal integer precedes 0

Question 14.
Pick the hexadecimal integer from the following
(a) 217
(b) 0 × 217
(c) 0217
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) 0 × 217, a hexadecimal integer precedes 0×

Question 15.
From the following pick a character constant
(a) ‘A’
(b) ‘ALL’
(c) ‘AIM’
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) ‘A’, a character enclosed between single quote

Question 16.
Non graphic symbol can be represented by using ___________
Answer:
Escape Sequence

Question 17.
Manish wants to write a program to produce a beep sound. Which escape sequence is used to get an alert (sound)
(a) \a
(b) \d
(c) Vs
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) \a.

Question 18.
Ajo wants to print a matter in a new line. Which escape sequence is used for this?
(a) \a
(b) \n
(c) \s
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) \n

Question 19.
To represent null character is used ______
(a) \n
(b) \0
(c) \f
(d) As
Answer:
(b) \0

Question 20.
State True/ False a string is automatically appended by a null character.
Answer:
True

Question 21.
From the following pick a string constant
(a) ‘a’
(b) “abc”
(c) ‘abc’
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) “abc”, a character constant must be enclosed between double quotes.

Question 22.
C++ was developed by __________
(a) Bjarne Stroustrup
(b) James Gosling
(c) Pascal
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Bjarne stroustrup

Question 23.
From the following which is not a character constant.
(а) ‘c’
(b) ‘e’
(c) ‘d’
(d) “c”
Answer:
(d) “c”, It is a string constant the others are character constant.

Question 24.
From the following which is a valid declaration.
(a) int 91;
(b) int x;
(c) int 9x;
(d) int “x”;
Answer:
(b) int x;

Question 25.
Symbols used to perform an operation is called ____________
(a) Operand
(b) Operator
(c) Variable
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Operator

Question 26.
Consider the following
C = A + B. Here A and B are called
(a) Operand
(b) Operator
(c) Variable
(d) None of these,
Answer:
(b) Operand

Question 27.
The execution of a program starts at ________ function
Answer:
main()

Question 28.
The execution of a program ends with ________ function
Answer:
main()

Question 29.
______ is used to write single line comment
(a) //
(b) /*
(c) */
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) //

Question 30.
const k = 100 means
(a) const float k = 100
(b) const double k = 100
(c) const int k = 100
(d) const char k = 100
Answer:
(c) const int k = 100

Question 31.
Each and every statement in C++ must be end with ________
(а) Semicolon
(b) Colon
(c) full stop
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Semicolon

Question 32.
From the following select the input operator
(а) >>
(b) <<
(c) >
(d) <
Answer:
(a) >>

Question 33.
From the following select the output operator
(a) >>
(b) <<
(c) >
(d) <
Answer:
(b) <<

Question 34.
From the following which is known as a string terminator.
(а) ‘\0’
(b) ‘\a’
(c) ‘As’
(d) ‘\t’
Answer:
(a) ‘\0’

Question 35.
Adeline wrote a C++ program namely sum.cpp and she compiled the program successfully with no error. Some files are generated. From the following which file is a must to run the program
(a) sum.exe
(b) sum.obj
(c) sum.vbp
(d) sum.htm
Answer:
(a) sum.exe

Question 36.
Adeline wrote a C++ program namely sum.cpp and she compiled the program successfully with no error. Some files are generated namely sum.obj and sum.exe. From this which file is not needed to run the program
Answer:
sum.obj is not needed and can be deleted.

Question 37.
From the following which is ignored by the compiler
(a) statement
(b) comments
(c) loops
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) comments

Question 38.
To write a C++ program, from the following which statement is a must
(a) sum()
(b) main()
(c) #include<iostream>
(d) #include<iomanip>
Answer:
(b) main(). A C++ program must contains at least one main() function

Question 39.
State True / False
Comment statements are ignored by the compiler
Answer:
True

Question 40.
More than one input/output operator in a single statement is called _______
Answer:
Cascading of I/O operator

Question 41.
Is 0X85B a valid integer constant in C++? If yes why?
Answer:
Yes. It is a hexadecimal number.

Plus One Introduction to C++ Programming Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mr. Dixon declared a variable as follows
int 9age. Is it a valid identifier. If not briefly explain. the rules for naming an identifier.
Answer:
It is not a valid identifier because it violates the rule
The rules for naming an identifier is as follows:

1. It must be start with a letter(alphabet)
2. Under score can be considered as a letter
3. White spaces and special characters cannot be used.
4. Key words cannot be considered as an identifier

Question 2.
How many bytes used to store ‘\a’.
Answer:
To store ‘\a’ one byte is used because it is an escape sequence. An escape sequence is treated as one character. To store one character one byte is used.

Question 3.
How many bytes used to store “\abc”.
Answer:
A string is automatically appended by a null character.

• Here one byte for \a (escape sequence).
• One byte for character b.
• One byte for character c.
• And one byte for null character.
• So a total of 4 bytes needed to store this string.

Question 4.
How many bytes used to store “abc”.
Answer:
A string is automatically appended by a null character.

• Here one byte for a.
• One byte for character b.
• One byte for character c.
• And one byte for null character.
• So a total of 4 bytes needed to store this string.

Question 5.
Consider the following code
int main()
{
cout<<“welcome to C++”;
}
After you compile this program there is an error called prototype error. Why it is happened? Explain.
Answer:
Here we used the output operator cout<<. It is used to display a message “welcome to C++” to use this operator the corresponding header file <iostream> must be included. We didn’t included the header file hence the error.

Question 6.
In C++ the size of the string “book” is 5 and that of “book\n” is 6. Check the validity of the above statement. Justify your answer.
Answer:
A string is automatically added by a null character(\0). The null character is treated as one character. So the size of string “book” is 5. Similarly, a null character (\0) is also added to “book\n”. \n and \0 is treated as single characters. Hence the size of the string “book\n” is 6.

Question 7.
Pick the odd man out. Justify
TOTSAL, TOT_SAL, totsal5, Tot5_sal, SALTOT, tot.sal
Answer:
tot.sal. Because it contains a special character dot(.). An identifier cannot contain a special character. So it is not an identifier. The remaining satisfies the rules of naming identifier. So they are valid identifiers.

Question 8.
Write a C++ statement to print the following sentence. Justify.
“\ is a special character”
answer:
cout<<“\\ is a special character”
\\ is treated as an escape sequence.

Question 9.
A student type a C++ program and saves it in his personal folder as Sample.cpp. After getting the output of the program, he checks the folder and finds three files namely Sample.cpp, Sample.obj and Sample.exe. Write the reasons for the generation of the two files in the folder.
Answer:
After the compilation of the program sample.cpp, the operating system creates two files if there is no error. The files are one object file (sample.obj) and one executable file(sample.exe). Now the source file(sample.cpp) and object file(sample.obj) are not needed and can be deleted. To run the program sample.exe is only needed.

Question 10.
Mention the purpose of tokens in C++. Write names of any four tokens in C++. (2)
Answer:
Token: It is the smallest individual units similar to a word in English or Malayalam language. C++ has 5 tokens.

1. Keywords
2. Identifier
3. Literals (Constants)
4. Punctuators
5. Operators

Question 11.
The following are some invalid identifiers. Specify its reason.

1. Sum of digits
2. 1 year
3. First jan
4. For

Answer:

1. Sum of digits → space not allowed hence it is invalid
2. 1 year → First character must be an alphabet hence it is invalid
3. First.jan → special characters such as dot (.) not allowed hence it is invalid.
4. For → It is valid. That is it is not the keyword for

Question 12.
Some of the literals in C++ are given below. How do they differ?(5, ‘5’, 5.0, “5”)
Answer:

• 5 – integer literal
• ‘5’ – Character literal
• 5.0 – floating point literal
• “5”- string literal

Question 13.
Identify the invalid literals from the following and write reason for each:

1. 2E3.5
2. “9”
3. ‘hello’
4. 55450 (2)

Answer:
1. 2E3.5 → The mantissa part (3.5) will not be a floating point number. Hence it is invalid

3. ‘hello’ → It is a string hence it must be enclosed in double quotes instead of single quotes. It is invalid.

Question 14.
Which one of the following is a user defined name?
(a) Keyword
(b) Identifier
(c) Escape sequences
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Identifier

Question 15.
Identify whether the following are valid identifiers or not? If not give the reason.

1. Break
2. Simple.interest (2)

Answer:

1. Break – It is valid( break is the keyword, not Break);
2. Simple.interest – It is not valid, because dot(.) is used.

Question 16.
Identify the invalid literals from the following and write a reason for each:

1. 2E3.5
2. “9”
3. ‘hello’
4. 55450 (2)

Answer:
1. Invalid, because exponent part should not be a floating point number

2. valid

Plus One Introduction to C++ Programming Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Rose wants to print as follows
\n is used for New Line. Write down the C++ statement for the same.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<“\\n is used for New Line”;
}

Question 2.
Alvis wants to give some space using escape sequence as follows
Welcome to C++. Write down the C++ statement for the same
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<“Welcome to \t C++”;
}

Question 3.
We know that the value of pi = 3.14157, a constant (literal). What is a. constant? Explain it.
Answer:
A constant or a literal is a data item its value doe not change during execution.
1. Integer literals:
Whole numbers without fractional parts are known as integer literals, its value does not change during execution. There are 3 types decimal, octal and hexadecimal.
Eg. For decimal “100, 150, etc

• For octal 0100, 0240, etc
• For hexadecimal 0 × 100, 0x1 A, etc

2. Float literals:
A number with fractional parts and its value does not change during execution is called floating point literals.
eg: 3.14157,79.78, etc

3. Character literal:
A valid C++ character enclosed in single

Question 4.
Write a program to print the message “TOBACCO CAUSES CANCER” on screen.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<” TOBACCO CAUSES CANCER”;
}

Question 5.
You are supplied with a list of tokens in C++ program, Classify and Categorise them under proper headings.
Explain each category with its features. tot_mark, age, M5, break, (), int, _pay, ;, cin.
Answer:

Question 6.
Write a program to print the message “SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH” on screen.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int mainO
{
cout<<” SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH”;
}

Plus One Introduction to C++ Programming Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Consider the following code
The new line character is \n. The output of the following code does not contain the \n. Why it is happened? Explain.
Answer:
\n is a character constant and it is also known as escape sequence. This is used to represent the non graphic symbols such as carriage return key(enter key), tab key, backspace, space bar, etc. It consists of a backslash symbol and one more characters.

Question 2.
You are about to study the fundamentals of C++ programming Language. Do a comparative study of the basics of the new language with that of a formal language like English or Malayalam to familiarize C++? Provide sufficient explanations for the compared items in C++ Language.
Answer:
1. Character set:
To study a language first we have to familiarize the character set. For example, to study English language first we have to study the alphabets. Similarly here the character set includes letters(A to Z & a to z), digits(0 to 9), special characters(+, -, ?, *, /, …..) white spaces(non printable), etc.

2. Token:
It is the smallest individual units similar to a word in English or Malayalam language. C++ has 5 tokens

• Keywords: These are reserved words for the compiler. We can’t use for any other purposes.
  Eg: float is used to declare variable to store numbers with decimal point. We can’t use this for any other purpose
• Identifier: These are user defined words. Eg: variable name, function name, class name, object name, etc…
• Literals (Constants): Its value does not change during execution
  eg: In maths % = 3.14157 and boiling point of water is 100.
• Punctuators: In English or Malayalam language punctuation mark are used to increase the readability but here it is used to separate the tokens.
  eg:{,}, (,), ……..
• Operators: These are symbols used to perform an operation(Arithmetic, relational, logical, etc…).

Students can Download Chapter 2 Data Representation and Boolean Algebra Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 2 Data Representation and Boolean Algebra

Plus One Data Representation and Boolean Algebra One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
___________ is a collection of unorganized fact.
Answer:
Data

Question 2.
Data can be organized into useful ____________
Answer:
Information

Question 3.
___________ is used to help people to make decision.
Answer:
Information

Question 4.
Processing is a series of actions or operations that convert inputs into __________
Answer:
Output

Question 5.
The act of applying information in a particular context or situation is called ____________
Answer:
Knowledge

Question 6.
What do you mean by data processing?
Answer:
Data processing is defined as a series of actions or operations that converts data into useful information.

Question 7.
Odd man out and justify your answer.
(a) Adeline
(b) 12
(3) 17
(d) Adeline aged 17 years is in class 12.
Answer:
(d) Adeline aged 17 years is in class 12. This is information. The others are data.

Question 8.
Raw facts and figures are known as _______
Answer:
data

Question 9.
Processed data is known as _______
Answer:
Information

Question 10.
Which of the following helps us to take decisions?
(a) data
(b) information
(c) Knowledge
(d) intelligence
Answer:
(b) information

Question 11.
Manipulation of data to get information is known as ___________
Answer:
Data processing

Question 12.
Arrange the following in proper order
Process, Output, Storage, Distribution, Data Capture, Input.
Answer:

1. Data Capture
2. Input
3. Storage
4. Process
5. Output
6. Distribution

Question 13.
Pick the odd one out and give reason:
(a) Calculation
(b) Storage
(c) Comparison
(d) Categorization
Answer:
(b) Storage. It is one of the data processing stage the others are various operations in the stage Process

Question 14.
Information may act as data. State true or False.
Answer:
False

Question 15.
Complete the Series.

1. (101)₂, (111)₂, (1001)₂, ……….
2. (1011)₂, (1110)₂, (10001)₂, ………

Answer:

1. 1011, 1101
2. 10101, 10111

Question 16.
What are the two basic types of data which are stored and processed by computers?
Answer:
Characters and number

Question 17.
The number of numerals or symbols used in a number system is its _______________
Answer:
Base

Question 18.
The base of decimal number system is ________
Answer:
10

Question 19.
MSD is ________
Answer:
Most Significant Digit

Question 20.
LSD is _________
Answer:
Least Significant Digit

Question 21.
Consider the number 627. Its MSD is _________
Answer:
6

Question 22.
Consider the number 23.87. Its LSD is __________
Answer:
7

Question 23.
The base of Binary number system is ___________
Answer:
2

Question 24.
What are the symbols used in Binary number system?
Answer:
0 and 1

Question 25.
Complete the following series,
(101)₂, (111)₂, (1001)₂
Answer:
1011, 1101

Question 26.
State True or False. In Binary, the unit bit changes either from 0 to 1 or 1 to 0 with each count.
Answer:
True

Question 27.
The base of octal number system is ________
Answer:
8

Question 28.
Consider the octal number given below and fill in the blanks.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, __
Answer:
10

Question 29.
The base of Hexadecimal number system is ________
Answer:
16

Question 30.
State True or False.
In Positional number system, each position has a weightage.
Answer:
True

Question 31.
In addition to digits what are the letters used in Hexadecimal number system.
Answer:
A(10), B(11), C(12), D(13), E(14), F(15)

Question 32.
Convert (1110.01011)₂ to decimal.
Answer:
1110.01011 = 1 × 23 + 1 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 20 + 0 × 2 – 1 + 1 × 2 – 2 + 0 × 2 – 3 + 1 × 2 – 4 + 1 × 2 – 5
= 8 + 4 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0.25 + 0 + 0.0625 + 0.03125
= (14.34375)10

Question 33.
1 KB is bytes.
(a) 2⁵
(b) 2¹⁰
(c) 2¹⁵
(d) 2²⁰
Answer:
(b) 2¹⁰

Question 34.
The base of hexadecimal number system is ________.
Answer:
16

Question 35.
A computer has no _________
(a) Memory
(b) l/o device .
(c) CPU
(d) IQ
Answer:
(d) IQ

Question 36.
Pick the odd man out.
(AND, OR, NAND, NOT)
Answer:
NOT

Question 37.
Select the complement of X + YZ.
(a) \(\bar{x}+\bar{y}+\bar{z}\)
(b) \(\bar{x} .\bar{y}+\bar{z}\)
(c) \(\bar{x} \cdot(\bar{y}+\bar{z})\)
(d) \(\bar{x}+\bar{y} \cdot \bar{z}\)
Answer:
(c) \(\bar{x} \cdot(\bar{y}+\bar{z})\)

Question 38.
Select the expression for absorption law.
(a) a + a = a
(b) 1 + a = 1
(c) o . a = 0
(d) a + a . b = a
Answer:
(a) a + a . b = a

Question 39.
What is the characteristic of logical expression?
Answer:
Logical expressions yield either true or false values

Question 40.
Name the table used to define the results of Boolean operations.
Answer:
Truth Table

Question 41.
According to ________ law, \(\bar{x}+\bar{y}=\overline{x y}\) and \(\overline{x y}=\bar{x}+\bar{y}\)
Answer:
De Morgan’s law

Question 42.
A NOR gate is ON only when all its inputs are
(a) ON
(b) Positive
(c) High
(d) OFF
Answer:
(d) OFF

Question 43.
The only function of a NOT gate is __________
Answer:
Invert an output signal

Question 44.
NOT gate is also known as _________
Answer:
Inverter

Question 45.
What is the relation between the following statements.
x + 0 = x and x . 1 = x
Answer:
One is the dual of the other expression.

Question 46.
The algebra used to solve problems in digital systems is called __________
Answer:
Boolean Algebra

Question 47.
Pick the one which is not a Basic Gate.
(AND, OR, XOR, NOT)
Answer:
XOR

Question 48.
Select the universal gates from the list. (NAND, NOR, NOT, XOR)
Answer:
NAND, NOR

Question 49.
Which is the final stage in data processing?
Answer:
Distribution of information is the final stage in data processing

Question 50.
Fill up the missing digit.
(41)₈ = ( )₁₆
Answer:

• Step 1: Divide the number into one each and write down the 3 bits equivalent.
• Step 2: Then divide the number into group of 4 bits starting from the right then write its equivalent hexa decimal.

Answer:
So the answer is 21.

Question 51.
Real numbers can be represented in memory by using __________
Answer:
Exponent and Mantissa

Question 52.
Consider the number 0.53421 x 10^-8 Write down the mantissa and exponent.
Answer:
Mantissa: 0.53421
Exponent: -8

Question 53.
Characters can be represented in memory by using _________
Answer:
ASCII Code

Question 54.
ASCII Code of A’ is __________
Answer:
(100 0001)₂ = 65

Question 55.
ASCII Code of’a’ is __________
Answer:
(110 0001)₂ = 97

Question 56.
Define the term ‘bit’?
Answer:
A bit stands for Binary digit. That means either 0 or 1.

Question 57.
Find MSD in the decimal number 7854.25
Answer:
Because it has the most weight

Question 58.
ASCII stands for __________.
Answer:
American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Question 59.
List any two image file formats.
Answer:
BMP, GIF

Question 60.
Name the operator which performs logical multiplication.
Answer:
AND

Question 61.
Name a gate which is ON when all its inputs are OFF .
Answer:
NAND or NOR

Question 62.
Specify the laws applied in the following cases.

1. a (b + c) = ab + ac
2. (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

Answer:

1. Distribution law
2. Associative law

Question 63.
Pick the correct Boolean expression from the following.
(a) \(A +\bar{A}=163.\)
(b) \(\text { A. } \bar{A}=1\)
(c) \(A \cdot \overline{A B}=A + B\)
(d) A + AB = A
Answer:
(a) & (d)

Question 64.
1’s complement of the binary number 110111 is _________
Answer:
Insert 2 zeroes in the left hand side to make the binary number in the 8 bit form 00110111
To find the 1’s complement, change all zeroes to one and all ones to zero. Hence the answer is 11001000

Plus One Data Representation and Boolean Algebra Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why do we store information?
Answer:
Normally large volume of data has to be given to the computer for processing so the data entry may be taken more days, hence we have to store the data. After processing these stored data, we will get information as a result that must be stored in the computer for future references.

Question 2.
What is source document.
Answer:
Acquiring the required data from all the sources for the data processing and by using this data design a document, that contains all relevant data in proper order and format. This document is called source document.

Question 3.
Briefly explain data, information and processing with real life example.
Answer:
Consider the process of making coffee. Here data is the ingredients – water, sugar, milk and coffee powder
Information is the final product i.e. Coffee Processing is the series of steps to convert the ingredients into final product, Coffee. That is mix the water,sugar and milk and boil it. Finally pour the coffee powder.

Question 4.
ASCII is used to represent characters in memory. Is it sufficient to represent all characters used in the written languages of the world? Propose a solution. Justify.
Answer:
No It is not sufficient to represent all characters used in the written languages of the world because it is a 7 bit code so it can represent 2⁷ = 128 possible codes. To represent all the characters Unicode is used because it uses 4 bytes, so it can represent 232 possible codes.

Question 5.
The numbers in column A have an equivalent number in another number system of column B.
Find the exact matvh

Answer:

Question 6.

1. Name various number systems commonly used in computers.
2. Include each of the following numbers into all possible number systems
   123 569 1101

Answer:

1. The number system are binary, octal, decimal and hexa decimal
2. All possible number systems are
   • 123 Octal, decimal and hexa decimal
   • 569 Decimal, hexa decimal
   • 1101 Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexa decimal

Question 7.
Fill up the missing digit. (Score 2)
If (220)_a = (90)_b then (451)_a = (  )₁₀
Answer:
It contains 2 & 9, so a and b 2, b 8. The values of a can be 8 or 10. The values of b can be 10 or 16. L.H.S > R.H.S. a < b and a b also.
The possible values of a and b are given below.

Question 8.
Convert (106)₁₀ = (  )₂?
Answer:

Question 9.
Convert (106)₁₀ = (  )₈?
Answer:

Question 10.
(106)₁₀ = (  )₁₆?
Answer:

Question 11.
Convert (55.625)₁₀ = (  )₂?
Answer:
First convert 55, for this do the following

Write down the remainders from bottom to top.
(55)₁₀ = (110111 )₂
Next convert 0.625, for this do the following.

Write down the remainder from top to bottom. So the answer is
(55.625)₁₀ = (110111.101)₂

Question 12.
Convert (55.140625)₁₀ = (  )₈?
Answer:
First convert 55, for this do the following.

Write down the remainders from bottom to top.
(55)₁₀ = (67)₈
Next convert 0.140625, for this do the following.

Write down the remainders from top to bottom. So the answer is
(55.140625)₁₀ = (67.11 )₈

Question 13.
Convert (55.515625)₁₀ = (  )₁₆
Answer:
First convert 55, for this do the following.

Write down the remainders from bottom to top.
ie. (55)₁₀ = (37)₁₆
Next convert .515625

So the answer is
(55.515625)₁₀ = (37.84)₁₆

Question 14.
Convert (101.101)₂ = ( )₁₀?
Answer:
101.101 = 1 × 2² + 0 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰ + 1 × 2^-1 + 0 × 2^-2 + 1 × 2^-3 = 4 + 0 + 1 + 1/2 + 0 + 1/8 = 5 + 0.5 + 0.125
(101.101)₂ = (5.625)₁₀

Question 15.
Convert (71.24)₈ = (  )₁₀?
Answer:
71.24 = 7 × 8¹ + 1 × 8⁰ + 2 × 8^-1 + 4 × 8⁼²
= 56 + 1 + 2/8 + 4/82
= 57 + 0.25 + 0.0625 (71.24)8
(71.24)₈ = (57.3125)₁₀

Question 16.
Convert (AB.88)₁₆ = (  )₁₀?
Answer:

= 160 + 11 + 0.5 + 0.03125
(AB.88)₁₆ = (171.53125)₁₀

Question 17.
Convert (1011)₂ = (  )₈?
Answer:
Step I: First divide the number into groups of 3 bits starting from the right side and insert necessary zeroes in the left side.
0 0 1 | 0 1 1

Step II: Next write down the octal equivalent.

So the answer is (1011)₂ = (13)₈.

Question 18.
Convert (110100)₂ = (  )₁₆
Answer:

• Step I: First divide the number into groups of 4 bits starting from the right side and insert necessary zeroes in the left side.
• Step II: Next write down the hexadecimal equivalent.

So the answer is (110100)₂ = (34)₁₆.

Question 19.
(72)₈ = ( )₂?
Answer:
Write down the 3 bits equivalent of each digit.

So the answer is (72)₈ = (111010)₂.

Question 20.
Convert (AO)₁₆ = (  )₂ ?
Answer:
Write down the 4 bits equivalent of each digit

So the answer is (AO)₁₆ = (1010 0000)₂.

Question 21.
Convert (67)₈ = (  )₁₆?
Answer:
Step I: First convert this number into binary equivalent for this do the following

Step II: Next convert this number into hexadecimal equivalent for this do the following.

So the answer is (67)₈ = (37)₁₆

Question 22.
Convert (A1)₁₆ = (  )₈?
Answer:
Step I: First convert this number into binary equivalent. For this do the following

Step II: Next convert this number into octal equivalent. For this do the following.

So the answer is (A1)₁₆ = ( 241)₈.

Question 23.
What is the use of the ASCII Code?
Answer:
ASCII means American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 7 bit code. Each and every character on the keyboard is represented in memory by using ASCII Code.
eg: A’s ASCII Code is 65 (1000001), a’s ASCII Code is 97 (1100001)

Question 24.
Pick invalid numbers from the following.

1. (10101)₈
2. (123)₄
3. (768)₈
4. (ABC)₁₆

Answer:

1. (10101)₈ – Valid
2. (123)₄ – Valid
3. (768)₈ – Invalid. Octal number system does not contain the symbol 8
4. (ABC)₁₆ – Valid

Question 25.
Convert the decimal number 31 to binary.
Answer:

(31)₁₀ = (11111)₂

Question 26.
Find decimal equivalent of (10001 )₂
Answer:

= 1 × 24 + 0 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20
= 16 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1
= (17)₁₀

Question 27.
If (X)₈ =(101011 )₂ then find X.
Answer:
Divide the binary number into groups of 3 bits and write down the corresponding octal equivalent.

X = 53

Question 28.
Fill the blanks:
(a) (………..)₂ = (AB)₁₆
(b) (——D—–)₁₆ = (1010 1000)₂
(c) 0.25₁₀ = (—–)₂

Answer:
Write down the 4bit equivalent of each digit
(a) (………..)₂ = (AB)₁₆

= (10101011)₂
(b) (——D—–)₁₆ = (1010 1000)₂
(A D 8)₁₆ =(1010 1101 1000)₂

(c) 0.25₁₀ = (—–)₂

0.25₁₀ = (0.01)₂

Question 29.
Which is the MSB of representation of -80 in SMR?
Answer:
It is 1 because In SMR if the number is negative then the MSB is 1.

Question 30.
Write 28.756 in Mantissa exponent form.
Answer:
28.756 = .28756 × 100
= .28756 × 102
= .28756 E + 2

Question 31.
Represent -60 in 1’s complement form.
Answer:
+60 = 00111100
Change all 1 to 0 and all 0 to 1 to get the 1’s complement.
-60 is in 1’s complement is 11000011

Question 32.
Define Unicode.
Answer:
The limitations to store more characters is solved by the introduction of Unicode. It uses 16 bits so 2¹⁶ = 65536 characters(i.e, world’s all written language characters) can store by using this.

Question 33.
Substract 1111 from 10101 by using 2’s complement method.
Answer:
To subtract a number from another number find the 2’s complement of the subtrahend and add it with the minuend. Here the subtrahend is 1111 and minuend is 5 bits. So insert a zero. So subtrahend is 01111. First take the 1’s complement of subtrahend and add 1 to it

Here is a carry. So ignore the carry and the result is +ve.
So the answer is 110

Question 34.
You purchased a soap worth Rs. (10010)₂ and you gave Rs. (10100)₂ and how much rupees will you get back in binary.
Answer:
Substract (10010)₂ from (10100)₂

You will get rupees (10)₂

Question 35.
Draw the logic circuit diagram for the following Boolean expression.
Answer:

Question 36.
Simplify the expression using basic postulates and laws of Boolean algebra.

1. \(\bar{x}+x \cdot \bar{y}\)
2. \(x(y+y . z)+y(\bar{x}+x z)\)

Answer:

1. \(\bar{x}+\bar{y}\)
2. y

Question 37.
Show \(A(\bar{B}+C)\) using NOR gates only.
Answer:

Question 38.
The following statement Demorgan’s theorem of Boolean algebra. Identify and state ‘Break the line, change the sign’.
Answer:
Demorgan’s theorems,
Demorgan’s first theorem,
\(\overline{x + y}\) = \(\bar{x} . \bar{y}\)
Demorgan’s second theorem,
\(\overline{x – y}\) = \(\bar{x} + \bar{y}\)

Question 39.
Prove algebraically that
\(x \cdot y + x \cdot \bar{y} \cdot z\) = x . y + x . z
Answer:
\(x \cdot y + x \cdot \bar{y} \cdot z\) = \(x(y+\bar{y} . z)\)
= x . (y + z) = x . y + x . z
Hence proved.

Question 40.
State which of the following statements are logical statements.
(a) AND is a logical operator
(b) ADD 3 to y
(c) Go to class
(d) Sun rises in the west.
(e) Why are you so late?
Answer:
(a) and (d) are logical statements because these statements have a truth value which may be true or false.

Question 41.
Express the integer number -39 in sign and magnitude represnetation.
Answer:
First find the binary equivalent of 39 for this do the following

In sign and magnitude representation -39 in 8 bit form is (10100111)₂.

Question 42.

1. Which logic gate does the Boolean expression \(\overline{\mathrm{AB}}\) represent?
2. Some NAND gates are given. How can we construct AND gate, OR gate and NOT gate using them?

Answer:
1. NAND

2. AND gate

Question 43.
Perform the following number conversions.

1. (110111011.11011)₂ = (….)₈
2. (128.25)₁₀= (…..)₈

Answer:
1. 110111011.11011
Step 1: Insert a zero in the right side of the above number and divide the number into groups of 3 bits as follows
110 111 011 . 110 110

Step 2: Write down the corresponding 3 bit binary equivalent of each group
6 7 3 .6 6
Hence the result is (673.66)₈

2. It consists of 2 steps.
Step 1: First convert 128 into octal number for this do the following

Write down the remainders from bottom to top.
(128)₁₀ = (200)₈

Step 2: Then convert .25 into octal number for this do the following

(0.25)₁₀ = (0.2)₈.
Combine the above two will be the result.
(128.25)₁₀= (200.2)₈

Question 44.
Represent -38 in 2’s complement form.
Answer:
+38 = 00100110
First take the 1 ’s complement for this change all 1 to 0 and all 0 to 1

2’s complement of -38 is (11011010)₈.

Plus One Data Representation and Boolean Algebra Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Differentiate manual data processing and electronic data processing?
Answer:
In manual data processing human beings are the processors. Our eyes and ears are input devices. We get data either from a printed paper, that can be read using our eyes or heard with ears. Our brain is the processor and it can process the data, and reach in a conclusion known as result. Our mouth and hands are output devices.

In electronic data processing the data is processing with the help of a computer. In a super market, key board and hand held scanners are used to input data, the CPU process the data, monitor and printers (Bill) are output devices.

Question 2.
Complete the series.

1. 3248, 3278 ,3328, …., ….
2. 5678, 5768, 605s, ……, …..

Answer:
1. (324)₈ = 3 × 82 + 2 × 81 + 4 × 80
= 3 × 64 + 2 × 8 + 4 × 1
= 192 + 16 + 4 = (212)10

(327)₈ = 3 × 82 + 2 × 81 + 7 × 80
= 192 + 16 + 7 = (215)₁₀

(332)₈= 3 × 82 + 3 × 81 +2 × 80
= 192 + 24 + 2 = (218)₁₀
So the missing terms are (221)₁₀, (224)₁₀ we have to convert this into octal.

So the missing terms are (335)₈, (340)₈

2. (567)₈ = 5 x 82 + 6 x 81 + 7 x 80
= 5 x 64 + 6 x 8 + 7 x 1
= 320 + 48 + 7 = (375)₁₀

(576)₈ = 5 x 82 + 7 x 81 + 6 x 80
= 320 + 56 + 6 = (382)₁₀

(605)₈ = 6 x 82 + 0 x 81 + 5 x 80
= 6 + 64 + 0 + 5
= 384 + 0 + 5 = (389)₁₀
So the missing terms are (396)₁₀, (403)₁₀ we have to convert this into octal.

So the missing terms are (614)₈, (623)₈

Question 3.
Fill up the missing digits.

1. (4……)₈ = (……110)₂
2. (…….7……)₈ = (100…….110)₂

Consider the following

Answer:
1. 4…….100 and 110……….6
So (46)₈ = (100 110)₂

2. 100…….4
7……111
110………6
So (476)₈ = (100 111 110)₂

Question 4.
Fill up the missing numbers.

1. (A…….)₁₆ = (……..1001)₂
2. (…….B…….)₁₆ = (1000………1111)₂

Consider the following:


Answer:
1. A……..1010
1001………9
So (A9)₁₆ = (1010 1001)₂

2. B…….1011
1000………8
1111………F
So (8BF)₁₆ = (1000 1011 1111)₂

Question 5.
Complete the Series.

1. 6ADD, 6ADF, 6AE1, ……., …….
2. 14A9, 14AF, 14B5, …….., ……

Answer:
1. Consider the sequence
6ADD, 6ADF, 6AE1, ………….
Here the ‘numbers’ are
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, 10, 11,——–
The difference between 6ADD & 6ADF is 2

Similarly 6ADF & 6AE1 is 2

So Add 2 to 6AE1 we will ge 6AE3 Then add 2 to 6AE3 we will get 6AE5 Therefore the missing terms 6AE3, 6AE5

2. Consider the sequence.
14A9, 14AF, 14B5, ———
The difference between 14A9 and 14AF is 6.
The normal sequence is

The difference between 14AF and 14B5 is also 6.

The normal sequence is

Similarly the next 6 terms in the sequence are given below.

Similarly the next 6 terms are

So the missing terms are 14BB and 14C1

Question 6.
Find the octal numbers corresponding to the following numbers using shorthand method.

1. (ADD)₁₆
2. (DEAD)₁₆

Answer:
1. (ADD)₁₆
Step 1: Write down the 4 bit binary equivalent of each digit

Step 2: Divide this number into groups of 3 bits starting from the right and write down the octal equivalent.

(ADD)(ADD)₁₆ = (5335)(ADD)₈

2. (DEAD)₁₆
Step 1: Write down the 4 bit binary equivalent of each digit.

Step 2: Divide this number into groups of 3 bits starting from the right and write down the octal equivalent.

(DEAD)₁₆ = (157255)₈

Question 7.
If (126)x = (56)y, then find x and y.
Answer:
L.H.S contains 2 & 6, so x ≠ 2
R.H.S contains 5 & 6, so y ≠ 2
L.H.S > R.H.S
So x < y and x ≠ y also The possible values of x and y are given below.

Case I:
Let x = 8 then y = 10

It is grater than (56)₁₀
so when x = 8 then y ≠ 10

case II:
let x = 8 and y = 16

Question 8.
If (102)x = (42)y then (154)x = (  )y.
Answer:
L.H.S contains 2, so x ≠ 2
R.H.S contains 5 & 4, so y ≠ 2
L.H.S > R.H.S
So x < y and x ≠ y also
The possible values of x and y are given below.

case I:
let x = 8 and y = 10

So when x = 8 then y ≠ 10

case II:
let x = 8 and y = 16

So x = 8 and y = 16
then we have fo find the hexadecimal equivalent of (154)₈ For this first convert this into binary thus again convert it into hexadecimal. First write down the 3 bit equivalent of 154.

Then divide this number into groups of 4 bits starting from the right and write down the hexa decimal equivalent.

so the result is (154)₈ = (6C)₁₆

Question 9.
Fill up the missing digit.
If (121)_a = (441)_b then (121)_b = (  )₁₀
Answer:
L.H.S. contains 2, so a ≠ 2
R.H.S. contains 4, so b ≠ 2
L.H.S. < R.H.S. So a > b and a b also.
Hence the values of a can be 10 or 16.
The values of b can be 8 or 10.
The possible values of a and b are given below.

Case I:
Let a = 16 and b = 10
(121 )₁₆ = (289)_10, so b ≠ 10

Case II:
Let a = 16 and b = 8
(121)₁₆ = (289)₁₀
(441)₈ = 4 × 8² + 4 × 8¹ + 1 × 8⁰
= 256 +32 + 1
= (289)₁₀.
So a = 16 and b = 8.
Then (121)₈ = 1 × 82 + 2 × 81 + 1 × 80
= 64 + 16 + 1 = (81)₁₀

Question 10.
Fill up the missing digit. (Score 3)
If (128)_a = (450)_b then (16)_a = (  )₁₀
Answer:
L.H.S. contains 2 & 8, so a 2 and a ≠ 8.
R.H.S. contains 4 and 5, so b ≠ 2.
L.H.S. < R.H.S. so a > b and a ≠ b also.
The possible values of a and b are given below.

Case I:
a = 16 and b = 8
(128)₁₆ = (296)₁₀
(450)₈ = (296)₁₀ So a = 16 and b = 8.
Then (16)₁₆ = 1 × 16 + 6 × 16⁰ = (22)₁₀

Question 11.
Fill up the missing digit.
(3A.6D)₁₆ = (  )₈
Answer:
Step I: Write down the 4 bits equivalent of each digit.

Step II: Divide this number into groups of 3 bit starting from the right side of the left side of the decimal point and starting from the left side of the right side of the decimal point.
So 00/111/010.011/011/010

Step III: Write the octal equivalent of each group. SO we will get. (72.332)₈.
(3A.6D)₁₆ = (72.332)₈

Question 12.
What are the various ways to represent integers in computer?
Answer:
There are three ways to represent integers in computer. They are as follows:

1. Sign Magnitude Representation (SMR)
2. 1’s Complement Representation
3. 2’s Complement Representation

1. SMR:
Normally a number has two parts sign and magnitude, eg: Consider a number +5. Here + is the sign and 5 is the magnitude. In SMR the most significant Bit (MSB) is used to represent the sign. If MSB is 0 sign is +ve and MSB is 1 sign is – ve.
eg: If a computer has word size is 1 byte then

Here MSB is used for sign then the remaining 7 bits are used to represent magnitude. So we can represent 27 = 128 numbers. But there are negative and positive numbers. So 128 + 128 = 256 number. The numbers are 0 to +127 and 0 to -127. Here zero is repeated. So we can represent 256 – 1 = 255 numbers.

2. 1 ‘s Complement Representation: To get the 1’s complement of a binary number, just replace every 0 with 1 and every 1 with 0. Negative numbers are represented using 1’s complement but +ve number has no 1’s complement.
eg: To find the 1’s complement of 21 +21 = 00010101
To get the 1 ‘s complement change all 0 to 1 and all 1 to 0.
-21 = 11101010
1’s complement of 21 is 11101010

3. 2’s Complement Representation: To get the 2’s complement of a binary number, just add 1 to its 1’s complement +ve number has no 2’s complement.
eg: To find the 2’s complement of 21 +21 =00010101
First take the 1’s complement for this change all 1 to 0 and all 0 to 1

2’s complement of 21 is 1110 1011

Question 13.
Write short notes about Unicode (3)
Answer:
It is like ASCII Code. By using ASCII, we can represent limited number of characters. But using Unicode we can represent all of the characters used in the written languages of the world.
eg: Malayalam, Hindi, Sanskrit .

Question 14.
Match the following.

Answer:
1 – b, 2 – f, 3 – a, 4 – c, 5 – d, 6 – e

Question 15.
Find the largest number in the list.

1. (1001)₂
2. (A)₁₆
3. (10)₈
4. (11)₁₀

Answer:
Convert all numbers into decimal
1. (1001)₂ = 1 × 2³ + 0 × 2² + 0 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰
= 8 + 0 + 0 + 1
= (9)₁₀

2.) (A)₁₆ = (10)₁₀

3. (10)₈ = 1 × 8¹+0 × 8⁰
= (8)₁₀
So the largest number is 4 – (11)₁₀

Question 16.
Subtract 10101 from 1111 by using 2’s complement method.
Answer:
To subtract a number from another number find the 2’s complement of the subtrahend and add it with the minuend. Here subtrahend is 10101 and minuend is 1111 First take the 1’s complement of subtrahend and add 1 to it.
1’s complement of 10101 is 01010 add 1 to it

Here is no carry. So the result, is -ve and take the 2’s complement of 11010 and put a -ve symbol. So 1’s complement of 11010 is 00101 add 1 to this

So the result is -00110

Question 17.
Mr. Geo purchased (10)₂ kg sugar @Rs. (110 10)₂ and (1010)₂ kg Rice @Rs. (10100)₂. So how much rupees he has to pay in decimal.
Answer:
Convert each into decimal number system multiply and sum it up.
(10)₂ = (2)₁₀

(11010)₂ = 1 × 2⁴ + 1 × 2³ + 0 × 2² + 1 × 2¹ + 0 × 2¹
= 16 +8 + 0 +2 + 0
= (26)₁₀

(1010)₂ = 1 × 2³ + 0 × 2² + 1 × 2¹ +0 × 2⁰
= 8 + 0 + 2 + 0
= (10)₂

(10100)₂ = 1 × 2⁴ + 0 × 2³ + 1 × 2² +0 × 2¹ + 0 × 2⁰
= 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 0
= (20)₂
therfore 2 × 26 + 10 × 20
= 52 + 200
= 252
So Mr. Geo has to pay Rs. 252/-

Question 18.
Mr. Vimal purchased a pencil @ Rs. (101)2, a pen @ Rs. (1010)2 and a rubber @ Rs. (10)2. So how much rupees he has to pay in decimal.
Answer:
Add 101 + 1010 + 10

then convert (10001)₂ into decimal
(10001)₂ = 1 × 2⁴ + 0 × 2³ + 0 × 2² + 0 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰
= 16 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1
= (17)₁₀
So Mr. Vimal has to pay Rs. 17/-

Question 19.
Mr. Antony purchased 3 books worth Rs. a total of (1100100)₂. Atlast he returned a book worth Rs. (11001)₂. So how much amount he has to pay for the remaining two books in decimal number sys¬tem.
Answer:

then convert (1001011 )₂ into decimal
(1001011)₂ = 1 × 2⁶ + 0 × 2⁵ + 0 × 2⁴ + 1 × 2³ + 0 × 2² + 1 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰
=64 + 0 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 2 + 1
= (75)₁₀
So he has to pay Rs. 75/-

Question 20.
Mr. Leones brought two products from a super market a total of Rs. (11010010)₂ and he got a dicount of Rs. (1111)₂ So how much he has to pay for this products in decimal number system.
Answer:
Substract (1111)₂ from (11010010)₂

then convert (11000011)₂ into decimal
(11000011)₂ = 1 × 2⁷ + 1 × 2⁶ + 0 × 2⁵ + 0 × 2⁴ + 0 × 2³ + 0 × 2² + 1 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰
=128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 1
= (195)₁₀

Question 21.
A textile showroom sells shirts with a discount of Rs. (110010)₂ on all barads. Mr. Raju wants to buy a shirt worth Rs. (11111000)₂. So after discount how much amount he has to pay in decimal.
Answer:
Substract (110010)₂ from (11 111 000)₂

then convert (11000110)₂ into decimal
(11000110)2 = 1 × 2⁷ + 1 × 2⁶ + 0 × 2⁵ + 0 × 2⁴ + 0 × 2³ + 1 × 2² + 1 × 2¹ + 0 × 2⁰
= 128 + 64 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 0
= (198)₁₀

Question 22.
Mr. Lijo purchased a product worth Rs. (1110011)₂ and he has to pay VAT @ Rs. (1100)₂. Then calculate the total amount he has to pay in decimal.
Answer:
Add (1110011)₂ and (1100)₂

then convert (1111111)₂ into decimal
(1111111)₂ = 1 × 2⁶ + 1 × 2⁵ + 1 × 2⁴ + 1 × 2³ + 1 × 2² + 1 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰
= 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
= (127)₁₀

Question 23.
By using truth table, prove the following laws of Boolean Algebra.

1. Idempotent law
2. Involution law

Answer:
1. A + A = A
A = A = A

2. (A¹)¹ = A

Question 24.
Consider the logical gate diagram.

1. Find the logical expression for the circuit given.
2. Find the compliment of the logical expression.
3. Draw the circuit diagram representing the compliment.

Answer:
1. \((x+\bar{y}) \cdot z\)

2. \((\bar{x} . y)+\bar{z}\)
3.