Class 10

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Kerala SSLC Social Science Model Question Paper 1 Malayalam Medium

Instructions:

• The first 15 minutes is the cool-off time. You may use the time to read the questions and plan your answers.
• Answer all questions in PART – A. Answer any one from the questions given under each question number in PART – B.

Time: 2½ Hours
Total Score: 80 Marks

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Kerala SSLC Physics Model Question Paper 1 Malayalam Medium

General Instructions:

1. The first 15 minutes is the cool off time. You may – use the time to read and plan your answers.
2. Answer the questions only after reading the instructions and questions thoroughly.
3. Questions with marks series 1, 2, 3 and 4 are categorized as sections A, B, C and D respectively.
4. Five questions are given in each section. Answer any four from each section.
5. Answer each question by keeping the time.

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Human Resource Development in India

Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
List out the quantitative and qualitative aspects of human resource. –
Answer:
Human resource refers to people who have the manpower which can be utilised in the production sector.

Std 10 Geography Notes Question 2.
Prepare a note by analysing the importance of population studies.
Answer:

• Helps the government to quantitatively assess the different needs of the people and to plan activities and programmes accordingly.
• Informs the availability of human resource in a country.
• Depicts the extent of basic facilities required by the people.
• Quantifies the goods and services required.
• Determines the socio-economic development policies.
• To assess the standard of living of the people.
• To compare with thS population of other countries.

Question 3.
Compare the changes in population due to birth rate, death rate and migration.
Answer:
Birth rate, death rate and migration are the factors that affect the population of a country.

• Birth rate increases, death rate decreases → Population increases
• Birth rate decreases, death rate increases → Population declines
• Birth rate and death rate are equal → No change in population.
• Migration → Population increases in one region but decreases in another region.

Question 4.
Labour force participation rate and dependency rate as per the census of India 2011 is given below. Prepare a graph based on this

Question 5.
List the advantages of the increase in labour force participation rate and disadvantages due to increase in depending rate.
Answer:

• Labour force participation rate is the ratio of the population in the age group 15-59, who are either employed or actively looking for jobs. This age group contributes significantly to the progress of the nation. Labour force participation rate is a measuring tool for the social development.
• The age groups 0 to 14 years and 60 years and above are included in the dependent group. Their proportion in total population is known as dependency ratio. This group depends on the working force of the country. An increase in the dependency ratio decreases the per capita income. The protection of children and the old people incur huge expense. This retards the development of the country.

Question 6.
What are the factors that improve human resource? How does this influence a country’s development?
Answer:
The factors that improve human resource are

• Education
• Healthcare
• Training

Influence of improved human resource

• Productivity of the workers increases
• Entrepreneurship improves
• Social welfare is ensured
• Economic inequality is reduced
• Natural resources utilized efficiently
  Makes possible the development and use of advanced technology.

Question 7.
How does education help in country’s development? Prepare a flowchart.
Answer:

Question 8.
List the existing problems in health sector.
Answer:

• Poor quality
• Limited social intervention
• Low priority to public sector
• Less opportunity for the poor to get medical care
• Neglect of the rural sector
• Difficulty to control epidemics
• Lack of sufficient nutritious food
• Insufficient preventive healthcare
• Unsolved pollution problems
• Increasing cost of treatment.

Human Resource Development In India Class 10 Textbook Pdf Question 9.
Explain how education and healthcare help in human resource development.
Answer:

• Education and human resource development: People with potential and skills will lead to the development of a country. Education has a major role in moulding skilled people. Education improves the skills of individuals. Betters the technological know-how. Helps to secure better job and income. Improves the standard of living.

Healthcare and human resource development: Each individual can work for the economic development of a country only if proper healthcare facilities are provided. Healthy persons help in the progress of the country in the following ways.

• Production increases with the increase in efficiency and the number of working days.
• Natural resources can be utilized properly.
• Medical expenses can be reduced, thereby reducing the government expenditure.
• Economic development is possible through increase in production.

Question 10.
List the different jobs around us, the goods and services provided by them and the skill needed for them.
Answer:

Question 11.
Human resource development is the development of man‘s physical and mental abilities. Find out the factors that help to develop such abilities.
factors that help to develop such abilities.
Answer:

• Education
• Training
• Healthcare

Question 12.
Complete the flowchart on features of human resource.

Answer:
a. Quantitative features
b. Size of population
c. Growth of population
d. Population structure
e. Quai initiative features
f. Education
g. Healthcare
h. Literacy rate

Question 13.
Examine the table indicating population growth rate in India and answer the questions given below.

a. Which decade has marked the maximum population growth?
b. From which year onwards is there a decrease in the population growth rate?
c. How much decrease did the population growth rate record in the decade 2001-2011?
Answer:
a. 1961-71.
b. 1971
c. 3.90 (in percentage)

Question 14.
Given below is a pie diagram showing the age structure based on census of India 2011. Based on this, answer the questions.

What percentage of the total population belongs to the age group 0-14 years?
Answer:
29.4%
What percentage of total population belongs to the age group of 60 years and above?
Answer:
8.09%
What percentage of the total population belongs to the age group of 15-59 years?
Answer:
62.5%. High labour force participation rate is beneficial for the development of the country.

Question 15.
How does the population density of an area influence the availability of human resource?
Answer:
Density of population refers to the number of people residing in a square kilometre area. More people means more manpower. This will increase production.

Question 16.
What are the problems in the economy as a result of a decrease in the labour force participation rate and increase in the dependency ratio?
Answer:
The portion of the population in the age group 15-59 is included in labour force participation rate. This age group has the capability to contribute to the progress of the nation. Decrease in labour force participation rate will adversely affect the progress of the nation.

An increase in dependency ratio decreases the per capita income. The availability of manpower decreases with a fall in the age group of 15-59. This results in low production.

Question 17.
How does human resource development influence economic development?
Answer:
As a result of human resource development:

• Productivity of the workers increases.
• Entrepreneurship improves.
• Makes possible the development and use of advanced technology.
• Economic inequality is reduced.
• Natural resources are utilised effectively.
  All these will lead to economic development.

Sslc Geography Notes Question 18.
The given table depicts the features of Indian population. Compare the sex ratio, life expectancy and literacy rate and prepare a note.
Answer:

Answer:

• Females have high life expectancy compared to males
• The literacy rate of females is less compared to males.
• Sex ratio is low.
• High sex ratio, life expectancy and 1 iteracy rate are suitable for the economic development of the nation.

Question 19.
List the advantages of improved human resource.
Answer:

• Productivity of the workers can be increased
• Economic inequality can be reduced.
• Entrepreneurship can be improved.
• The development and use of advanced technology can be made possible.

Question 20.
Find out how education helps in the development of a nation and complete the flowchart.
Answer:
a. Improves the skills of individuals
b. Betters the technological know-how.
c. Helps to secure better job and income.

10th Geography Notes Question 21.
Find out how healthcare helps in national progress and prepare a note.

Answer:

• Production increases with the efficiency of workers and also the number of working days.
• Natural resources can be utilised properly.
• Economic development is possible through increase in production.

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus Question 22.
List the facilities to be ensured for healthcare
Answer:

• Availability of nutritious food.
• Availability of clean water
• Cleanliness
• Healthy environment
• Ensuring of leisure and entertainment.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions

Students can Download Adisthana Padavali Unit 3 Chapter 1 Prataniti Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity, Adisthana Padavali Malayalam Standard 10 Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Adisthana Padavali Malayalam Standard 10 Guide Unit 3 Chapter 1 Prataniti

Prataniti Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

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Kerala SSLC IT Theory Model Question Paper 1 Malayalam Medium

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

You can Download नीली आसमानी छतरी Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 नीली आसमानी छतरी (फिल्मी गीत)

नीली आसमानी छतरी अतिरिक्त वाचन के लिए

नीली आसमानी छतरी Summary in Malayalam and Translation

नीली आसमानी छतरी शब्दार्थ

दुश्यभासा करें

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 3 Public Administration

Answer the following. Score 1 each.

A. Choose the correct answer.

Sslc Social Science Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 1.
Public administration is concerned with the administration of the government. Whose definition is this?
Gladden
A.P.J.Abdul Kalam
Gandhiji
Answer:
Gladden

Question 2.
The agency that recruits candidates to All India Services and Central services.
State Public Service Commission
Union Public Service Commission
Staff Selection Commission
Answer:
Union Public Service Commission

Question 3.
Who appoints the Chairman and the members of Union Public Service Commission?
Governor of the state
President of India
Prime Minister of India
Answer:
President of India

Question 4.
Who appoints the Chairman and members of State Public Service Commission?
Governor of the state
Chief Minister of the State
Prime Minister
Answer:
Governor of the State

Question 5.
The use of electronic technology in administration.
E-governance
Lokpal
Ombudsman
Answer:
E-governance

Question 6.
The organization whose efforts that led to the legislation of Right to Information Act.
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan of Rajasthan
Narmada Bachao Andholan
Social Work and Research Centre
Answer:
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan of Rajasthan

Question 7.
The institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption.
Lokpal
Lokayukta
Ombudsman
Answer:
Lokpal

Question 8.
The institution constituted at the state level to hear the corruption cases
Lokpal
Information Commission
Lokayukta
Answer:
Lokayukta

Question 9.
The institution that examines cases of corruption,’ nepotism and financial misappropriation of elected representatives and bureaucrats
Lokpal
Ombudsman
Lokayukta
Answer:
Ombudsman

B. Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
What do the governments try through public administration?
Answer:
Governments try to find solutions to various problems and ensure the welfare of the people through public administration.

Question 2.
What is the aim of Civil Service?
Answer:
The aim of Civil Service is to bring welfare programmes speedly to all.

Question 3.
What is meant by hierarchical organisation?
Answer:
The system in which there is one employee at the top and the number increases when it reaches the lower levels is known as hierarchical organization.

Question 4.
What is E-governance?
Answer:
E-’govemanCe is the use of electronic technology in administration.

Question 5.
What is E-literacy?
Answer:
E-literacy is the awareness about basic information about internet technology.

Public Administration Important Questions Question 6.
When was the Right to Information Act passed?
Answer:
In 2005.

Question 7.
Why are UPSC and PSC called constitutional institutions?
Answer:
UPSC and PSC are constituted on the basis of constitutional provisions.

Question 8.
Name the organization in Rajasthan whose activities led to the legislation of the Right to Information Act.
Answer:
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Question 9.
What is considered as corruption by modern society?
Answer:

• Delayed service.
• Denial of right to service.
• Making service as a favour.

Answer the following. Score 2 each.

Question 1.
What is public administration?
Answer:
Public administration is the effective utilization of men and materials for the implementation of existing laws, governmental policies, programmes and developmental projects.

Sslc Social Science Chapter Wise Questions Question 2.
Public administration differs in monarchy and democracy. Explain.
Answer:
Based on the differences in the form of government, we can find differences in public administration also. During monarchy, the interests of the monarch were the basis of public administration. In democratic system, importance is given to the interests of the people. Democratic administration becomes more effective and efficient through public administration.

Question 3.
Examine Gandhiji’s view on public administration?
Answer:
Gandhiji expected the protection of the interests of all through public administration. But there are a number of persons in the society who require special consideration and protection. He opined that public administration should consider them specially and protect them.

Question 4.
What is meant by bureaucracy?
Answer:

• The employees who work under public administrative system and administer the country are together known as bureaucracy.
• All the services of the government reach the people through bureaucrats.

Question 5.
Who are all included in Indian Civil Service?
Answer:
All the employees working under Central government and state governments and employees of public sector undertakings are included in Indian Civil Service.

Question 6.
What is meant by administrative reforms?
Answer:
A number of steps are taken by government for increasing the efficiency of the services and to provide service to people in a time bound manner. They are known as administrative reforms. The intention is to make administration, people friendly and efficient.

Question 7.
Certain information cannot be released as per Right to Information Act. Which are they?
Answer:

• Information relating to the security and integrity of the nation.
• Matters under the consideration of the court.
• Matters which endanger the life and liberty of individuals.

Question 8.
What is meant by Right to Service?
Answer:

• Right to Service is a law which ensures services to the people.
• This law determines the time limit for every service given by a government office.

Question 9.
Complete the sun diagram on the significance of public administration.

Answer:

Question 10.
Which are the institutions that recruit candidates to central services and state services? Why are they called constitutional institutions?
Answer:

• Candidates to central services are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission and to state services by Public Service Commission.
• UPSC and state PSCs are constituted on the basis of constitutional provisions. So they are called constitutional institutions.

Question 11.
Which institution is given the responsibility to recruit candidates to all India services by the constitution? Write examples for all India service.
Answer:

• The constitution has given the responsibility to recruit candidates to all India services to Union Public Service Commission.
• E.g: Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service.

Question 12.
What is meant by hierarchical organisation and permanence of bureaucracy?
Answer:

• One employee at the top and the number increases when it reaches the lower levels. This is known as hierarchical organisation.
• Persons appointed as employees will continue in service till the age of retirement. This is known as permanence.

Question 13.
Explain the structure of Infonpation Commission.
Answer:

• The Information Commission at the national level consists of a Chief Information Commissioner and not more than ten members.
• The State Information Commission consists of a Chief Information Commissioner and members as prescribed by the state government.

Answer the following. Score 3 each.

Question 1.
What is the need for or importance of bureaucracy in public administration?
Or
The bureaucrats make the public administrative system dynamic. Substantiate.
Answer:
Bureaucracy is constituted to help and advise the government and to execute the programmes. Several employees have been appointed for the day-to-day functioning of the government from local to national level.

The bureaucrats make the public administration system dynamic. All the services of the government reach the people through them. The bureaucracy prepares plan for the maximum and scientific utilisation of human and material resources and implements them effectively.

Question 2.
Compare the structure and functions of UPSC and PSC.
Answer:
UPSC

• Candidates to All India Services and Central Services are recruited by UPSC.
• The Chairman and members of UPSC are appointed by the President of India.
• Recruits suitable candidates to various posts based on qualification.

PSC

• Candidates of the state level are recruited by PSC of the state.
• The Governor appoints the Chairman and members of the state PSC.
• Recruits suitable candidates to various posts based on qualification.

Question 3.
Prepare a sun diagram showing the steps taken for administrative reforms in India.
Answer:

Question 4.
What was the observation of A.P.J.Abdul Kalam about E-governance?
Answer:

• Transparent and vibrant government project.
• Safe and speedy information that reaches to all without red tapism.
• Project that is available to all citizens without any discrimination.

Sslc Social Science Important Questions Question 5.
Differentiate the functions of Lokpal and Lokayukta.
Or
Discuss the role of Lokpal and Lokayukta in preventing corruption.
Answer:
Lokpal and Lokayukta are institutions constituted to prevent corruption at administrative, bureaucratic and political levels.

The Lokpal
The institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption at administrative, bureaucratic and political levels. It has the power to register cases on issues of corruption against employees and public workers and suggest necessary actions. It follows judicial procedures.

Lokayukta
Lokayukta is the institution constituted at the state level to hear corruption cases at administrative, bureaucratic and political levels. It follows judicial procedures.

Question 6.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 7.
Write the difference and similarity between All India Services and Central Services.
Answer:

• Similarity:
  Candidates to All India Services and Central Services are recruited by Union Public Service Commission.
• Difference :
  In All India Service, appoint in central or state service. But in central service, appoint in central government departments only.

Question 8.
Examine the role of public administration in ensuring welfare of the people.
Answer:

• The ultimate aim of public administration is to ensure the welfare of people.
• Public administration provides goods and services needed for people’s welfare.
• Government policies are formulated and implemented through public administration.
• Find out solutions to social issues.
• Special consideration to those who need protection.

Question 9.
How does Right to Information Act make the functioning of government transparent?
Answer:

• The interventions of several organisations and social activities led to the passing of the Right to Information Act in 2005.
• This Act ensures the right of all citizens in India to receive information.
• As per this Act, information from any government institutions or institutions which receive government funds can be collected.
• The main objectives of this Act are to prevent corruption, create responsibility among the bureaucrats and make the functioning of government transparent.
• The citizens will get copies of public documents if they apply for them.

Question 10.
Compare and list the features of different levels of civil service in India.
Answer:
The three divisions of Indian Civil Service are

1. All India Services
2. Central Services
3. State Services

All India Services

• Recruits at national level.
• Appoints in central or state service.

Central Services

• Recruits at national level.
• Appoints in central government departments only.

State Services

• Recruits at state level.
• Appoints in state government departments only.

Answer the following. Score 4 each.

Question 1.
What is the public administration? Explain its importance.
Answer:
Public administration is the effective use of men and materials for the implementation of existing laws, governmental policies, programmes and developmental projects.

• Formulate government policies.
• Ensure welfare of the people.
• Find out solutions to public issues.
• Provide goods and services.

Question 2.
There are a number of public administration institutions around us related to our day-to-day life. Make a list of such institutions with their functions.
Answer:

Question 3.
What is meant by E-governance? Write an example. What are its advantages to people?
Answer:
E-govemance is the use of electronic technology in administration. It helps to obtain government services easily in a speedy manner. Eg. Single window system for admission to Higher Secondary Courses.

Advantages of E-governance

• Need not wait in government offices for services.
• Can receive service with the help of information technology.
• Government services are offered speedily and with less expense.
• Efficiency of the offices and quality of the service get enhanced.

Question 4.
Complete the flow chart on Indian Civil Service.

Answer:

Sslc Social Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 5.
Write a note on Right to Service Act. How does the Right to Service Act help the citizens in ensuring government services within a time limit?
Or
Evaluate whether the Right to Service Act is beneficial to common people.
Answer:
Right to Service is a law which ensures service to people. This law determines the time limit for every service given by a government office. If the desired service is not given within this time limit, the responsible employee should pay a fine. As per this Act, an officer is appointed in every government office to give guidance and proper help to applicants. It is beneficial to common people.

Question 6.
Explain the working of Central Vigilance Commission.
Answer:

• Central Vigilance Commission is the institution constituted at national level in 1964 to prevent corruption.
• Formed to prevent corruption in the central government offices.
• The Central Vigilance Commissioner is the head of the Central Vigilance Commission.
• The duty of the Commission is to enquire into vigilance cases and take necessary actions.

Question 7.
How effective is Ombudsman in controlling the activities of elected representatives and bureaucrats?
Or
How the functioning of Ombudsman helps the public to prevent corruption?
Answer:

• Elected representatives and bureaucrats are part of public administration. Complaints can be filed against their corruption, nepotism or financial misappropriation or negligence of duty. Ombudsman is constituted for this purpose.
• A retired judge of the High Court is appointed as the Ombudsman.
• People can directly approach the Ombudsman with complaints.
• On receiving complaints, the Ombudsman has the power to summon anyone and can order enquiry and recommend actions.

Question 8.
Find out the factors that adversely affect the efficiency of public administration.
Answer:

• Bribe
• Negligence of duties by bureaucrats
• Lack of efficiency
• Unnecessary interventions
• Nepotism
• Corruption

Question 9.
Write the benefits of Right to Information Act.
Answer:

• Prevent corruption
• Prevent nepotism
• Create responsibility among bureaucrats
• Make the functioning of government transparent
• Prevent privileges to undeserved.

Question 10.
What are the purposes and functions of bureaucracy?
Answer:
Bureaucracy :
The employees who work under public administrative system and administer the country are together known as bureaucracy.

Purpose of bureaucracy :
Bureaucracy is constituted to help and advise the government and to execute the programmes. Several employees have been appointed for the day- to-day functioning of the government from local to national level.

Functions of bureaucracy:
The bureaucrats make the public administration system dynamic. All the services of the government reach the people through them. The bureaucracy prepares plan for the maximum and scientific utilisation of human and material resources and implements them effectively.

Question 11.
Mention the main objectives of Right to Information Act, 2005. Point out the institutions constituted to perform the functions under the Act.
Answer:
Objectives of Right to Information Act, 2005

• To prevent corruption
• Create responsibility
• Make the functioning of the government transparent.
• Information Commissions are constituted at the National and State levels to perform the functions under the Right to Information Act. There will be a Chief Information Commissioner and more than ten members in the Information Commission.

If the authorities do not give, or refused to give the information or gave wrong and unsatisfactory replies, one can approach the Information Commission and can file an appeal. If the Commission is convinced, a fine of ₹ 250 per day can be imposed on the employee concerned till the information is given.

Answer the following. Score 5/6 each.

Question 1.
What is bureaucracy? What are its features?
Or
Briefly describe the basic features of bureaucratic organisation in democratic countries.
Answer:
The employees who work under public administrative system and administer the country are together known as bureaucracy. All the services of the government reach people through them. Bureaucracy prepares plan for the maximum and scientific utilisation of human and material resources.
The following are the features of bureaucracy.

• Hierarchical organisation:
  Bureaucracy is organised in such a way that there is one employee at the top and the number increases when it reaches the lower levels. This is known as hierarchical organisation.
• Permanence:
  Persons appointed will continue in service till the age of retirement.
• Appointment on the basis of qualification:
  Employees are recruited and appointed on the basis of educational qualification.
• Political neutrality:
  Bureaucrats are liable to implement the policies of whichever party comes to power. Party interests should not reflect in their work. They should act neutrally.
• Professionalism:
  Every government employee must be skilled in their work.

Question 2.
What is administrative reform? What are the steps introduced in India aimed at administrative reform?
Answer:
A number of steps are taken by the government for increasing the efficiency of the services and to provide service to people in a time bound manner. They are known as administrative reforms. The intention is to make administration people friendly and efficient.

E-governance:
E-governance is the use of electronic technology in administration. This helped to obtain government services easily in a speedy manner. Its benefits are:

• Need not wait in government offices for services.
• Can receive service with the help of information technology.
• Government services offered speedily and with less expense.
• Efficiency of the offices and quality of the service get enhanced.
• People can receive the services of E-govemance at home with the spread of E- literacy.

Right to Information Act:
In India, the Right to Information Act was passed in 2005. This ensures the right of all , citizens of India to receive information. The main
objectives of this Act are to prevent corruption, create responsibility among employees and make the functioning of the government transparent.

Information Commission:
To perform the functions under the Right to Information Act, Information Commissions are constituted at national and state levels. There will be a Chief Information Commissioner and not more than ten members in the Information Commission.

Right to Service:
Right to Service Act is a law which ensures services to the people. This law determines the time limit for every service given by a government office. As per this Act, an officer is appointed in every government office to give guidance and proper help to the applicants.

Lokpaland Lokayukta :
These are institutions constituted to prevent corruption at administrative, bureaucratic and political levels. The institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption is Lokpal. Lokayukta is the institution constituted at the state level to hear the corruption cases.

Central Vigilance Commission :
The Central Vigilance Commission is the institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption. It is formed to prevent corruption in the central government offices. Based on this model, State Vigilance Commissions have been constituted at state level.

Ombudsman :
Ombudsman is constituted to file complaints against corruption, nepotism, financial misappropriation or negligence of duties of elected representatives and bureaucrats.

Question 3.
Various institutions and systems function in India to prevent corruption at different levels. Explain.
Answer:
Delayed service, denial of right to service or making service as favour is considered as corruption. Various systems are formed in India to prevent corruption and to make public administration efficient.

Lokpal and Lokayukta:
Lokpal and Lokayukta are institutions constituted to prevent corruption at administrative, bureaucratic and political levels. The institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption is Lokpal. Lokpal has the power to register cases on issues of corruption against employees and public workers and can suggest necessary actions. Lokayukta is the institution constituted at the state level to hear corruption cases. Both of them follow judicial procedures.

Central Vigilance Commission:
The Central Vigilance Commission is the institution constituted at the national level to prevent corruption. It came into effect in 1964. It is formed to prevent corruption in Central government offices. The Central Vigilance Commissioner is the head of the Central Vigilance Commission. In each department, there will be a Chief Vigilance Officer. The duty of the Commission is to enquire into vigilance cases and take necessary actions.

Based on the model of the Central Vigilance Commission, State Vigilance Commissions have been constituted at state levels. The State Vigilance Commission inquires into corruption in the state government offices. Vigilance courts are also constituted to track vigilance cases.

Ombudsman

• Elected representatives and bureaucrats are part of public administration. Complaints can be filed against their corruption, nepotism or financial misappropriation or negligence of duty. Ombudsman is constituted for this purpose.
• A retired judge of the High Court is appointed as the Ombudsman.
• People can directly approach the Ombudsman with complaints.
• On receiving complaints, the Ombudsman has the power to summon anyone and can order enquiry and recommend actions.

10th Social Science Important Questions Question 4.
Match suitably.

Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions

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Kerala SSLC Biology Model Question Paper 4 Malayalam Medium

Instructions:

• The first 15 minutes is the cool-off time.
• You may use the time to read the questions and plan your answers.
• Answer only on the basis of instructions and questions given.
• Consider score and time while answering.

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 8 Kerala towards Modernity

Answer the following. Score 1 each.

A. Choose the correct answer.

Kerala Towards Modernity Important Questions Question 1.
The ruler of Travancore who defeated the Dutch in the battle of Colachel in 1741.
Vein Thampi
Marthanda Varma
Dharma Raja
Answer:
Marthanda Varma

Question 2.
The representative of the English East India Company who reached Kerala in 1615.
Captain William Keeling
William Logan
Lord Wellesley
Answer:
Captain William Keeling

Question 3.
The first organized agitation in Kerala against the British.
Pazhassi Revolt
Attingal Revolt
Kurichiya Revolt
Answer:
Attingal Revolt

Question 4.
The year in which the Treaty of Sreerangapattanam was signed
1791
1792
1805
Answer:
1792

Question 5.
Who gave leadership to the strong resistance in Malabar against the British?
Paliath Achan
Velu Thampi
Pazhassi Raja
Answer:
Pazhassi Raja

Question 6.
The first private bank formed in Kerala.
Nedungadi Bank
Imperial Bank
Chartered Bank
Answer:
Nedungadi Bank

Question 7.
Who prepared the first Malayalam grammar text?
Amos Pathiri
Benjamin Bailey
Dr. Angelos Francis
Answer:
Dr.Angelos Francis

Question 8.
The first book to be entirely published in Malayalam language.
Samkshepa Vedartham
Rajyasamacharam
Paschimodqyam
Answer:
Samkshepa Vedartham

Question 9.
The social reformer who founded the organization Samathwa Samajam.
Sree Narayana Guru
Sahodaran Ayyappah
Vaikunda Swamikal
Answer:
Vaikunda Swamikal

Question 10.
The social reformer who performed the Aruvippuram consecration in 1888
Chattampi Swamikal
Sree Narayana Guru
Vaikunda Swamikal
Answer:
Sree Narayana Guru

Question 11.
The important agitation in Kerala for the right to travel.
Vaikom Satyagraha
Guruvayoor Satyagraha
Paliyam Satyagraha
Answer:
Vaikom Satyagraha

Question 12.
The leader of Payyanur Salt Satyagraha
T.KMadhavan
P. Krishna Pillai
K.Kelappan
Answer:
K.Kelappan

Sslc Social Science Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 13.
The lone Malayali to become the President of the Indian National Congress
K.Kelappan
Chettur Sankaran Nair
Mannath Padmanabhan
Answer:
Chettur Sankaran Nair

Question 14.
Who gave leadership to Malayali Memorial?
GP.Pillai
Dr.Palpu
Pattom Thanu Pillai
Answer:
GP.Pillai

Question 15.
Who gave leadership to Ezhava Memorial?
C.Kesavan
Dr.Palpu
Sahodaran Ayyappan
Answer:
Dr.Palpu

Question 16.
The first President of Travancore State Congress
C.Kesavan
N.V. Joseph
Pattom Thanu Pillai
Answer:
Pattom Thanu Pillai

Question 17.
Who wrote the book ‘Onnekalkodi Malayalikal’
E.M.S.Namboodiripad
K.Kelappan
P.Krishna Pillai
Answer:
E.M.S.Namboodiripad

Question 18.
The President of the first Kerala Political Conference held at Ottappalam in 1921.
Chettur Sankaran Nair
T. Prakasam
Pattom Thanu Pillai
Answer:
T. Prakasam

B. Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
By which treaty did the British get Malabar?
Answer:
By the Treaty of Sreerangapattanam signed in 1792, the British got Malabar from Mysore rulers.

Question 2.
Who is known as ‘Lion of Kerala’?
Answer:
Pazhassi Raja

Question 3.
Name the Dewan who issued the Kundara Proclamation.
Answer:
Velu Thampi, the Dewan of Travancore issued the Kundara Proclamation on 11 January 1809.

Question 4.
Who built the first railway line in Kerala? Which places are connected by this line?
Answer:
The first railway line in Kerala was built by the British in 1861. It connected Bepore with Tirur.

Question 5.
Which were the banks set up in Kerala in the earlier period?
Answer:
Nedungadi Bank, Imperial Bank, Indian National , Bank, Chartered Bank

Question 6.
Which were the first newspapers in Kerala? Who published it?
Answer:
Rajyasamacharam and Paschimodayam were the first newspapers in Kerala published by Dr.Hermann Gundert.

Question 7.
Name the Travancore ruler who made primary education free in Travancore in 1817.
Answer:
Gowri Parvati Bhai

Question 8.
Name the missionary organizations that inau-gurated the spread of modern education in Kerala.
Answer:

• London Mission Society
• Church Mission Society ,
• Basel Evangelical Mission

Question 9.
What was the significance of the Savarna Jatha organized by Mannath Padmanabhan?
Answer:

• Mannath Padmanabhan organized the Savarna Jatha from Vaikom to Trivandrum to support the Vaikom Satyagraha organized under the leadership of T.KJMadhavan.
• The importance of the Savarna Jatha is that the upper caste Hindus supported the right of passage of lower caste Hindus.

Question 10.
What were the topics of discussion at the last Malabar Political Conference held at Mancheri in 1920?
Answer:

• Political reforms
• Tenants’problem
• Khilafat

Question 11.
What was the beginning of the agitation for responsible government in Kochi?
Answer:
In Kochi, a popular movement began as an agitation against the decision of Dewan Shanmugam Shetty to give the distribution of electricity in Thrissur to a private company. This movement was known as electricity agitation.

Question 12.
What was Ezhava Memorial?
Answer:

• Ezhava Memorial was a representation submitted to the Maharaja of Travancore under the leadership of Dr.Palpu in 1896, signed by the members of the Ezhava community.
• The memorial stressed on the problems faced by the Ezhava community.

Question 13.
Name the Kerala women who gave leadership to the National Movement in Kerala.
Answer:

• A.V.Kuttimalu Amma in Malabar
• Akkamma Cherian and Annie Mascarene from Travancore

Question 14.
Who gave leadership to the activities of Kochi Rajya Prajamandal?
Answer:

• E.Ikkanda Warrier
• Panampilly Govinda Menon
• K.Ayyappan

Question 15.
Elucidate the circumstances that made Veluthampi and Paliyath Achan enemies of the British.
Answer:
The uncontrolled intervention of the British in the internal affairs of Travancore and Kochi made the Dewan of Travancore Veluthampi and of Kochi Paliyath Achan the enemies of the British.

Question 16.
In what name is Veluthampi’s call for armed fight against the British known?
Answer:
Kundara Proclamation (1809)

Question 17.
Which Act gave a limited right over the land of the tenants in Malabar?
Answer:
The Malabar Tenant’s Act of 1929

Question 18.
Which was the proclamation of Travancore in 1865 granting the tenants ownership of the land they cultivated!
Answer:
Pandarapattam Vilambaram

Question 19.
Which book of E.M.S. Namboodiripad put forward the idea of the formation of Kerala including Malayalam speeking regions?
Answer:
Onnekalkodi Malayalikal

Answer the following. Score 2 each.

Question 1.
What was the reason for the strained relation between the Portuguese and the Zamorin?
Answer:
The Arabs and the Chinese were the prominent foreigners who had trade relations with Kerala before the coming of the Europeans. The Portuguese aim was to end the monopoly of the trade of the Arabs and the Chinese and to get the monopoly of trade in Kerala.

So they demanded Zamorin, the ruler of Calicut to expel the Arab merchants from Kozhikode. The Zamorin rejected their demand and this enraged the Portuguese. This strained the relation between the Portuguese and the Zamorin.

Question 2.
Write a note on Kunjali Marakkars.
Answer:
Kunjali Marakkars were the captains of the naval fleet of Zamorin. Their headquarters was the Marakkar Fort at Puthuppanam near Vadakara in Kozhikode district. There were four of them from Kunjali I to Kunjali IV. Kunjali III helped the Zamorin to regain the Chaliyam fort from the Portuguese. The Portuguese captured Kunjali IV, took him to Goa and executed him.

Question 3.
When was the battle of Colachel fought? What was its significance?
Or
What is the significance of the battle of Colachal in Kerala history?
Answer:

• The battle of Colachel was fought in 1741 between Marthanda Varma, the ruler of Travancore and the Dutch. The Dutch were defeated in the battle.
• The Dutch hope of capturing the whole of Kerala ended with this battle. They had to leave Kerala after the battle.

Question 4.
What was the significance of the JenmiKudiyan Act of 1896?
Answer:

• The JenmiKudiyan Act was passed in 1896 in Travancore.
• As per this Act, the tenants in Travancore got the ownership right on land.
• Majority of the tenants became owners of land at least in name.
• In return, they had to pay high tax to the government.

Question 5.
Analyse the features of the judicial system introduced in Kerala by the British.
Answer:

• The British reformed the system of law and justice in Kerala which tried and punished people on the basis of caste.
• They introduced unified punishments after hearing the accused, depending on the nature of the guilt.
• Principle of equality before law irrespective of caste was established.
• Trial courts were set up in different places of Kerala.

Question 6.
Arrange the table on social reform movements and social reformers suitably.

Answer:

Question 7.
Explain Channar Revolt. What was its result?
Answer:

• Channar Revolt was a struggle staged by the Channar women of South Travancore from 1822 onwards for the right to cover their upper body.
• Following the prolonged struggle, Uthram Thirunal, the Maharaja of Travancore had to issue an order in 1859 allowing Channar women to wear jackets.

Question 8.
What led to the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936? Write its significance.
Answer:

• Popular struggles like Vaikom Satyagraha and Guruvayur Satyagraha were instrumental for the Temple Entry Proclamation. Following these struggles for achieving the freedom of worship, the Maharaja of Travancore Sri Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma issued the famous Temple Entry Proclamation on November 12, 1936.
• As per the proclamation, all the Hindus were allowed to enter the temples in Travancore.

Question 9.
Which were the methods of struggles conducted as part of Civil Disobedience Movement in Malabar?
Answer:

• Break the Salt Law
• Picketing of liquor shops
• Boycotting foreign goods
• Popularising the use of Khadi

Question 10.
Why was Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai deported?
Answer:

• Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai was a famous journalist in Travancore and the editor of the newspaper Swadeshabhimani. ,
• He criticised the policies of Dewan P.Rajagopalachari of Travancore through his newspaper. The Dewan took notice of the article and was enraged. Finally Ramakrishna Pillai was deported to Madras by a Royal Proclamation in 1910.

Question 11.
What led to the Punnapra Vayalar revolt?
Answer:

• The Punnapra Vayalar revolt of 1946 was the agitation by the workers of Alappuzha against the administrative reforms of Diwan C. P.Ramaswamy Iyer of Travancore.
• The aims of the revolt were to protect the rights of workers and for a popular rule. On 27^th October 1946, the military used machine guns at Punnapra and Vayalar which killed many people.

Question 12.
Who issued the famous Kundara proclamation? What was its significance?
Answer:
Veluthampi, the Dewan of Travancore issued the Kundara proclamation on January 11, 1809. It was issued against British. Veluthampi sought the support of the people against the British and appealed to them to take part in the struggle with patriotic feeling. The proclamation could infuse patriotism and loyalty among the people.

Question 13.
What led to the decline of the self sufficient village economy of Kerala? What were its results?
Answer:
The British took away the raw materials necessary for their industries of England and the other products from Kerala at cheap prices. The English products were imposed on the native people at high prices. This led to the decline of the self sufficient village economy of Kerala.

Results:

• Foreign trade increased on a large scale.
• Kerala became a part of world market.

Question 14.
Write the services of Dr.Hermann Gundert for the growth of Malayalam language.
Answer:

• Published the first Malayalam-English dictio¬nary.
• Published the first newspapers in Malayalam Rajyasamacharam and Paschimodayam.

Question 15.
Political agitations were not powerful in Kochi and Travancore as in Malabar. Why?
Answer:
The British ruled Malabar directly. So there was strong resentment in Malabar against their policies. They ruled Kochi and Travancore indirectly through the Resident.

Question 16.
What was Malabar rebellion?
Answer:
With the strengthening of Khilafat Movement in Malabar, there were many direct fights with the British at many places in Malabar. The Mappila peasants of Malabar fought against the British in Emad, Valluvanad and Ponnani Taluks. These struggles were known as Malabar rebellion.

Question 17.
What was Nivarthana Prakshobham? Who were its leaders?
Answer:
Nivarthana Prakshobham (Agitation) was an agitation launched by the Christian, Muslim and Ezhava communities in 1932 in Travancore, seek¬ing reservation in the legislature and government jobs in proportion to their population.
Its leaders were N.V.Joseph, P.K.Kunju and C.Kesavan

Question 18.
List the reasons for Pazhassi revolt.
Answer:

• The British promised Pazhassi the right to collect tax from Kottayam region as a reward for helping them in the war against Mysore. But the British refused to keep their promise after the victory in the battle.
• The British claimed their dominance over Wayanad also.

Question 19.
Some traditional industries started in Kerala

Answer:
A. i.
b, ii.
d, iii.
a, iv. e

Answer the following. Score 3 each.

Question 1.
Attingal Revolt of 1721 was a popular movement against the British domination. Substantiate.
Or
Among the early resistances to the British, Attingal Revolt is very distinct. Why?
Answer:
The English East India Company obtained permission from the Queen of Attingal to build a fort at Anchuthengu. Anchuthengu developed into an important military centre of the British on the west coast. The local people were furious when Anchuthengu became a British military base. In 1721, the natives killed about 150 Englishmen who were on the way to hand over gifts to the Queen of Attingal. This was known as Attingal revolt. This was the first organised revolt against the British authority in Kerala.

Sslc Social Science Chapter Wise Questions Question 2.
Mention the measures adopted by the British in Kerala to increase and control foreign trade?
Answer:

• The British amended the existing trade laws of Travancore, Kochi and Malabar in their favour.
• Introduced unified coinage and metrology systems.
• To improve transport facilities for carrying goods, constructed roads, bridges and railways. Developed the ports at Kochi, Kozhikode and Alappuzha for better trade facilities.

Question 3.
What was Pandarapatta Proclamation?
Answer:
In Travancore, the land owned by the feudal lords were converted into Pandaravaka land or government land. The government of Travancore issued a famous proclamation in 1865, granting the tenants ownership of the lands they cultivated. This was known as Pandarapatta Proclamation.

Question 4.
Write a note on the commercialization of agriculture introduced by the British in the agricultural sector of Kerala.
Or
Discuss the changes in Kerala due to the commercialization of agriculture by the British.
Answer:

• The British encouraged market-driven cultivation in the agricultural sector.
• Coconut products had great demand in the foreign markets. So large scale cultivation of coconut started instead of paddy.
• Paddy production declined. It resulted in food shortage. To overcome this situation, tapioca cultivation extended to large areas.
• Coffee, tea, cardamom and rubber began to be cultivated as plantation crops in the high ranges.

Question 5.
Which were the modern industries started in Kerala in the 20^th century?
Or
List the modern industries started in India during the British rule.
Answer:

• Punalur Paper Mills
• Ceramics Limited Kundara
• Trivandrum Rubber Works
• Tata Oil Mills
• FACT Kalamassery
• Alagappa Textile Mills Kochi

Question 6.
Prepare a table on the Christian missionary organizations in Kerala and their area of activity.
Answer:

Question 7.
Examine the relevance of the principles of Sree Narayana Guru in the contemporary Kerala society.
Answer:

• Sree Narayana Guru gave great importance to put an end to social evils and social inequalities.
• As a result of Aruvippuram Consecration by Guru in 1888, the lower caste people gained the right to perform temple rituals and poojas.
• He exhorted people to strengthen by union and enlighten through education.
• He gave great importance to education and knowledge and so set up schools and libraries along with temples.
• The Guru’s messages and works were based on noble human love and fraternity among religions.
• He contributed the great message to Kerala, ‘One caste, One religion and One God for man’.

Question 8.
The eradication of social inequality was a part of National Movement. Write a note on the Guruvayoor Satyagraha which took place as part of this.
Answer:

• The Guruvayoor Satyagraha was started in 1931 with the demand that all castes of Hindus should be allowed to enter the temple and worship.
• K.Kelappan was the leader of the Satyagraha and A.K.Gopalan was the Volunteer Captain.
• The orthodox sections cruelly manhandled P.Krishna Pillai. The Satyagraha was stopped following the intervention of Gandhiji.
• The Guruvayoor Satyagraha gave inspiration to the Temple Entry Proclamation.

Question 9.
Write a note on the Salt Satyagraha in Malabar.
Answer:

• In 193 Os Civil Disobedience gained momentum in Malabar.
• The protestors broke salt law and made salt at Payyannur under the leadership of K.Kelappan and at Kozhikode under the leadership of Mohammed Abdul Rahiman.
• The British army brutally attacked the Satyagrahis and arrested the leaders.
• Boycott of foreign goods, picketing liquour shops and propagation of Khadi were also undertaken as part of this.

Question 10.
Write a note on Malabar Rebellion.
Answer:
Gandhiji and Shoukat Ali visited Kozhikode in 1920 and declared their support to Khilafat movement. A Khilafat Committee, was constituted with Kattilassary Mohammed Moulavi as President and Mohammed Abdurahman Sahib as Secretary. The Khilafat movement became strong in Malabar. Following this, there were direct fights with the British in many places in Malabar. The Mappila peasants of Malabar fought against the British in Ernad, Velluvanad and Ponnani Taluks. This struggle is known as Malabar Rebellion.

Question 11.
What were the reasons for Pazhassi Revolt?
Answer:
Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam (Malabar) royal family led the strong resistance against the British in Malabar. The British had promised Pazhassi Raja the right to collect tax from Kottayam region as a reward for helping them in the war against Mysore. The British refused to keep their promise after the success against Mysore.

Not only that, the British claimed their dominance over Wayanad and tried to take possession of it from the Raja. Pazhassi organized his people against this injustice and fought against the British. He unleashed guerilla war against the British with the help of the leaders of Kurichias. Pazhassi was killed in the fight against British.

Sslc Social Science Important Questions Question 12.
What was the circumstance that led to the decline of joint family and tharavad systems in Kerala?
Answer:
The system of inheritance that existed in certain communities in Kerala was matrilineal system, succession through mother The English educated youths revolted against this and initiated laws suits. Thus acts against matrilineal system of succession were introduced in Travancore, Kochi and Malabar. These laws stressed patrilineal inheritance by which all the members in the family could enj oy rights over properly. The new system led to the decline of joint families and the Tharavadu system.

Question 13.
How did Kerala come under thy British rule around the 18^th century?
Answer:

• By the Treaty of Sreerangapattanam signed in 1792 between the British and the Mysore rulers, the British got Malabar.
• The Raja of Kochi accepted British supremacy in 1792 and was forced to pay tribute.
• By the treaty of 1795, Travancore accepted British supremacy. In return, the British promised them protection from their enemies.
• The British ruled Malabar directly.
• Kochi and Travancore were ruled indirectly by the British. They controlled these rulers through their Residents.

Question 14.
Discuss the reasons that led to the growth of modem industries in Kerala.
Answer:

• The rulers of Travancore adopted a policy of promoting modem industries.
• The British provided the financial and technical assistance for industries.
• The establishment of Pallivasal hydroelectric project propelled the development of modem industries.

Sslc Social Science Important Questions Question 15.
Arrange the following in chronological order.
i. Marthandavarma defeated the Dutch in the battle of Colachel.
ii. The British defeated the French in Carnatic Wars.
iii. The Dutch defeated the Portuguese.
Answer:
iii, i, ii

Answer the following. Score 4 each.

Question 1.
Discuss the efforts made by Velu Thampi and Paliath Achan to organise the revolt against the British.
Answer:

• Velu Thampi, the Dewan of Travancore and Paliath Achan, the Dewan of Kochi reacted against the uncontrolled intervention of British Resident in their internal affairs.
• Velu Thampi sought the support of the people and called for armed fight against the British through the Kundara Proclamation issued on 11 January 1809.
• The combined army of Travancore and Kochi attacked the official residence of the British Resident Macaulay.
• The British army suppressed the revolt raised by Veluthampi and Paliath Achan.
• Veluthampi committed suicide at Mannadi Temple. The British deported Paliyath Achan to Madras.

Question 2.
Arrange the following table suitably.

Answer:

Question 3.
Sree Narayana Guru was the major architect of Kerala Renaissance. Substantiate.
Or
Discuss the role of Sree Narayana Guru in the social reform movement in Kerala.
Answer:

Sree Narayana Guru who gave importance to knowledge started schools and libraries along with temples.

He exhorted the people to strengthen by union and enlighten through education.

The consecration of the idol of Lord Shiva at Aruvippuram by Sree Narayana Guru in 1888 created the rise of new insights in social sphere. The lower castes could gain the right to perform temple rituals and poojas through this.

He tried to release man from the prison of complex caste system and patterns of worship based on superstitions. He was a great believer of human love, exposed the hollowness of caste system and Brahmanic priesthood and spread the message of universal love. Guru advised people not to argue and win but to know and inform. The working and messages of Guru were based on noble human love and fraternity among all religions.

Question 4.
Vaikom Satyagraha and Guruvayoor Satyagraha acted as catalysts for the Temple Entry Proclamation in Travancore. Substantiate.
Answer:
The Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924 was for the right of freedom of travel. Its aim was to get the approach roads to Vaikom temple opened for the – lower caste Hindus. Guruvayoor Satyagraha of 1931 was for the right of freedom of worship. Its demand was the entiy into the Guruvayoor temple for all castes Hindus. Gandhiji intervened in both the Satyagrahas, a fight against untouchability. Vaikom Satyagraha ended in success whereas the Guruvayoor Satyagraha was a failure. But it helped to create an atmosphere in favour of eradicating untouchability.

These popular protests and the demand by the public forced the Maharaja of Travancore to issue the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936, allowing all the Hindus to enter the temples owned by the government of Travancore.

Question 5.
Among the struggles in Kerala for the right of travel, Vaikom Satyagraha was the most important. Explain.
Answer:

• The Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924 was a major struggle in Kerala for the right to travel. ,
• The Satyagraha was organised under the leadership of T.K.Madhavan for the right of lower caste Hindus to travel through the roads around the Vaikom temple.
• Expressing solidarity with the Satyagraha, a procession (Savama Jatha) was organised from Vaikom to Trivandrum under the leadership of Mannath Padmanabhan and submitted a memorandom to the Maharaja of Travancore.
• Following the Satyagraha, the lower caste . Hindus secured permission to travel through
  the roads around the Vaikom temple.

Question 6.
Arrange the following events in chronological order.

• Guruvayur Satyagraha
• Punnapra-Vayalar Revolt
• Vaikom Satyagraha
• Channar Revolt

Answer:

• Channar Revolt
• Vaikom Satyagraha
• Guruvayur Satyagraha
• Punnapra-Vayalar Revolt

Question 7.
What were the circumstances that strengthened the United Kerala Movement?
Answer:

• The Nagpur Session of Congress in 1920 decided to set up state Congress Committees on linguistic basis. Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee came into existence uniting Malabar, Kochi and Travancore.
• The first Kerala State Political Conference was held at Ottapalam in 1921 under the Chairmanship of T. Prakasam.
• The Congress Session held at Payyanur in 1928 under the Chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru demanded the reorganization of Kerala as a distinctive state after independence.
• The United Kerala Convention held at Thrissur in 1947 under the leadership of K.Kelappan and the United Kerala Conference held at Aluva after independence passed united kerala resolution.

Question 8.
Write a note on Abstention movement.
Answer:

• The Abstention movement was started by Christian, Muslim and Ezhava Communities in 1932 demanding reservation of the communities in legislature and government jobs in proportion to their population.
• This struggle for responsible government was ledby N.VJoseph, P.K.KunjuandC.Kesavan.
• Subsequently they formed ‘Joint Political Congress’ and exhorted the people to abstain from voting.
• Following the agitation, a Public Service Commission was appointed to ensure the representation of backward classes.

Sslc Social Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 9.
Evaluate the role of Christian Missionaries in the educational progress of Kerala.
Answer:

• The policy of education for all, irrespective of caste and religion, was flagged off in Kerala with the educational programmes of the Christian missionaries.
• The Christian missionary organizations like LMS, CMS and BEM inaugurated the spread of modem education in Kerala. The London Mission Society’s area of activity was largely Travancore. The Church Mission Society worked in Travancore and Kochi while the Basal Evangelical Mission was active in Malabar.
• Missionaries like Dr.Bernadeen Bachinali, Rev.Mead, Rev.Dawson and Rev.Habeek played the leading role in the educational activities of Kerala. Under their leadership, educational institutions were set up in different parts of Kerala.
• Following the example of missionaries, the rulers of Travancore and Kochi set up schools and colleges.

Question 10.
What paved the way for changes in land relations in Travancore, Kochi and Malabar?
Answer:

The anti-peasant policies pursued by the British created widespread dissatisfactions and revolts. It compelled the governments to make some legislations in favour of peasants.

In Travancore, from the time of Marthanda Varma itself changes in land relations started. Land of feudal lords were converted into pandaravaka or government property. The Government of Travancore made a proclamation in 1865 granting the tenants of these pandaravaka ownership of the lands they cultivated. This was the Pandarappatta proclamation. The Jenmi-Kudiyan Act passed in 1896 also granted land ownership to the peasants, at least in name.

Malabar Tenants Act was passed in 1929 based on the recommendations of the
Logan Commission. As per this, the peasants got limited right over the land they cultivated.

The Kochi Kudiyanma Act was passed in 1914 giving tenants the right over land.

Question 11.
What changes occurred in Malabar in land tenurial relations with the coming of the British?
Or
The changes made by the British in the pattern of land ownership in Malabar made the life of peasants miserable: Substantiate.
Answer:

• The British rule made drastic changes the pattern of land ownership of different sections of people.
• The local chieftains and landlords were treated as owners of land and the tax that they had to pay to the British was pre-determined.
• The local rulers and landlords collected taxes from the tenants in excess and often evicted them from their land.
• This made the life of the peasants of Malabar miserable. This led to peasant agitations called Mappila revolts in Malabar.

Question 12.
Why did Swami Vivekananda call Kerala ‘a lunatic asylum’?
Answer:

• Caste system was strong in Kerala in the 19th century.
• Certain section of people were treated as untouchables and unapproachables.
• Caste decided the social status of a person.
• Many social evils and superstitions existed in every caste.

Question 13.
Write the events that led to United Kerala in chronological order.
Answer:

• Nagpur Congress Session 1920.
• First Kerala State Political Conference, Ottapalam 1921.
• Formation of Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee.
• Payyanur Congress Session 1928.
• United Kerala Convention at Thrissur 1947.
• Merger of Travancore – Kochi 1949
• Formation States Reorganization Commission 1953.
• State Reorganization Act 1956.

Question 14.
Match the social reformers of Kerala with the organizations that they founded.

Answer:

Question 15.
Arrange the following events in chronological order.

• Punnapra – Vayalar protest
• Ezhava Memorial
• Formation of Travancore State Congress
• Malayali Memorial

Answer:

• Malayali Memorial
• Ezhava Memorial
• Formation of Travancore State Congress
• Punnapra – Vayalar protest

Question 16.
Match the items in column ‘A ’with appropriate items given in columns B and ‘C’.

Answer:

Question 17.
Match the items in Column ‘A’ with appropriate items in Columns ‘B ’ and ‘C’.

Answer:

10th Social Science Important Questions Question 18.
Arrange the following in chronological order.

• Kundara Proclamation
• Pandarappatta Vilambaram
• Attingal Revolt
• Battle of Colachel

Answer:

• Attingal Revolt – 1721
• Battle of Colachel – 1741
• Kundara Proclamation – 1809
• Pandarappatta Vilambaram – 1865

Question 19.
Arrange the following in chronological order.

• Malabar Rebellion
• Consecration at Aruvippuram
• Electricity Agitation in Kochi
• Punnapra – Vayalar Revolt

Answer:

• Consecration at Aruvippuram – 1888
• Malabar Rebellion – 1921
• Electricity Agitation in Kochi – 1936
• Punnapra – Vayalar Revolt – 1946

Answer the following. Score ‘5’, ‘6’ each.

Question 1.
Describe the early resistance to British in Kerala. ‘
Or
Describe the resistance organized by Pazhassi Raja, Vein Thampi and Paliath Achan against the British in Kerala.
Answer:
After attaining political domination in Kerala, British began to interfere in the powers of kings and local rulers. The interference in the freedom and privileges that they enjoyed for centuries invited antagonism from the kings and local rulers. Resistance escalated against the British in Malabar, Travancore and Kochi.

Pazhassi Revolt:
Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam (Malabar) royal family led the strong resistance against the British in Malabar. The British had promised Pazhassi Raja the right to collect tax from Kottayam region as a reward for helping them in the war against Mysore. The British refused to keep their promise after the success against Mysore rulers.

Not only that, the British claimed their dominance over Wayanad and tried to take possession of it from the Raja. Pazhassi organized, his people against this injustice and fought against the British. He unleashed guerilla war against the British with the help of the leaders of Kurichias. Pazhassi was killed in the fight against British.

Velu Thampi and Paliyath Achan:

• Velu Thampi, the Dewan of Travancore and Paliath Achan, the Dewan of Kochi reacted against the uncontrolled intervention of British Resident in their internal affairs.
• Velu Thampi sought the support of the people and called for armed fight against the British through the Kundara Proclamation issued on 11 January 1809.
• The combined army of Travancore and Kochi attacked the official residence of the British Resident Macaulay.
• The British army suppressed the revolt raised by Veluthampi and Paliath Achan.
• Veluthampi committed suicide at Mannadi Temple. The British deported Paliyath Achan to Madras.

Question 2.
Prepare an essay on the social reform move-ments and social changes in Kerala.
Answer:
Society in Kerala was based on caste system in the 19th century. The lower castes were treated as untouchables and unapproachables. Many social evils and superstitions existed in all castes. The Keralites realized the stupidity of caste system and superstitions with the spread of modem education and western ideas.

Many social reform movements sprang up to fight the inequalities and social evils in society. The major social reform movements of this period were Samathwa Samajam, Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam, Sadhujana
Paripalana Sangham, Nair Service Society and Yogakshema Sabha. Vaikunda Swami, Sree Narayana Guru, Ayyankali, Mannath Padmanabhan, V.T.Bhattathiripad and Sahodaran Ayyappan were the important social reformers of this time.

Social reform movements fuelled the agitations for social changes. The Channar women of South Travancore fought for the right to cover their upperbody. Following the prolonged struggle, the Maharaja Uthram Thirunal of Travancore was forced to issue an order allow¬ing Channar women to wear jackets in 1859.

Sree Narayana Guru was one of the chief architects of social renaissance in Kerala. The lower castes including Ezhavas were not permitted to enter temples and worship. Sree Narayana Guru challenged this and made history by consecrating a Shiva Temple at Aruvippuram in 1888. Consequently, the lower castes gained the right to perform poojas and temple rituals.

He exhorted the people to gain strength through union and enlighten through education. The working and messages of Sree Narayana Guru were based on noble human love and fraternity among all religions.

Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924 was a major struggle for the right of travel in Kerala. Following the Satyagraha under the leadership of T.K.Madhavan, the lower caste Hindus secured the permission to travel through the road around the Mahadeva Temple at Vaikom. The Guruvayur Satyagraha was started in 1931 with the demand that all castes of Hindus should be allowed to enter the temple. As a result of these popular protests, the Maharaja of Travancore Sri Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma issued the famous Temple Entry Proclamation in 1936, allowing all I * the Hindus to enter the temples in Travancore.

British imperialism. Protests were held at Kayyoor, Morazha, Karivellur, etc. Protests relating to Quit India Movement witnessed destruction of government buildings, bridges, etc.

Travancore:
Political agitations began in Travancore with the Malayali memorial. Malayali memorial was a memorandum signed by more than ten thousand people and submitted to the Maharaja under the leadership of Barrister G.P.Pillai in 1891, demanding that the Travancoreans should be given proportionate representation in government jobs.

The Ezhava memorial was submitted Under the leadership of Dr.Palpu, raising the problems faced by the Ezhava community. The deportation of Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai for criticising the Dewari of Travancore caused significant political break throughs. Christians, Muslims and Ezhavas started the Nivarthana Prakshobham demanding the reservation of their communities in the legislature and government jobs in proportion to their population.

The Travancore State Congress was formed in 1938 with Pattom Thanu Pillai as President. With this, political activities gained momentum in Travancore. The working class entered into the political arena with the Punnapra-Vayalar protest of 1946, organized against the administrative reforms of Dewan C.P.Ramaswamy Iyer.

Kochi:
The struggle for responsible government began in Kochi with the Electricity Agitation of 1936. With the formation of Kochi Rajya Praja Mandalam in 1941, political agitations strengthened in Kochi also. E.Ikkanda Warrier and Panampilly Govinda Menon gave leadership to Kochi Prajamandalam.

Question 4.
Analyse the circumstances that led to the formation of Kerala state.
Answer:
The importance of the notion of a united Kerala reached the people along with the emergence of the national movement. The people of Kerala, in spite of speaking the same language, had earlier the experience of living under different political systems. The distinct existence of the regions of Travancore, Cochin and Malabar stood in the way of the Malayali’s sense of unity.

On the occasion of the meetings of different organizations, resolutions in favour of a united Kerala were adopted. The Congress Session held at Payyanur in 1928 demanded that Kerala should be reorganized as a separate state when a constitution for independent India would be given shape.

Going beyond resolutions, the demand for a united Kerala took shape as part of the freedom struggle. Indeed, in the Vaikom Satyagraha of 1924 and the Guruvayur Satyagraha of 1931-1932, people from all parts of Kerala were participants. A committee to discuss the formation of a united Kerala was constituted in 1945.

A United Kerala Convention was held at Thrissur in 1947 on this basis: Its President was K. Kelappan and it was inaugurated by the then Raja of Cochin. The Dhar Commission appointed by the Constituent Assembly came to Kerala and collected evidence.

With the merger of Travancore and Cochin on 1 st July 1949, the movement for a united Kerala gained strength. The legitimacy of a united Kerala was brought home by a book Onnekalkodi Malayalikal by E.M.S.Namboodirippad. The self sacrifice of Potti S.reeramulu in Andhra accelerated the process of state formation on linguistic basis.

When, finally, the state of Kerala came into existence by joining together the regions where Malayalam is spoken, the Thovala, Agastheesvaram, Kalkkulam and Vilavankodu taluks of Trivandrum district became part of Madras State. Similarly the Kasargode and Hosdurg taluks, which were parts of the district of South Canara, were added to the State of Kerala. Thus came into existence a new state of Kerala comprising Malabar, Cochin and Travancore.

Question 5.
Match suitably.

Answer:

Question 6.
Choose the items related to Column A from Column B.

Answer:

Question 7.
Prepare a timeline using the events and years given.

• 1931 – Kundara Proclamation
• 1809 – Attingal Revolt
• 1865 – Guruvayur Satyagraha
• 1721 – Pandarapattam Proclamation
• 1741 – Battle of Colachal

Answer:

10th Social Important Questions Chapter Wise State Syllabus Question 8.
Arrange the following events in chronological order.

• Aruvippuram Consecration
• Malabar Rebellion
• Keezhariyur Bomb Case
• Ezhava Memorial
• Channar Revolt

Answer:

• Channar Revolt (1822-1859)
• Aruvippuram Consecration (1888)
• Ezhava Memorial (1896)
• Malabar Rebellion (1921)
• Keezhariyur Bomb Case (1942)

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions

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Instructions:

• The first 15 minutes is the cool-off time. You may use the time to read the questions and plan your answers.
• Answer all questions in PART – A. Answer any one from the questions given under each question number in PART – B.

Time: 2½ Hours
Total Score: 80 Marks

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Panayam Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

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General Instructions:

1. The first 15 minutes is the cool off time. You may use the time to read and plan your answers.
2. Answer the questions only after reading the instructions and questions thoroughly.
3. Questions with marks series 1, 2, 3 and 4 are categorized as sections A, B, C and D respectively.
4. Five questions are given in each section. Answer any four from each section.
5. Answer each question by keeping the time.

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

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• The first 15 minutes is the cool-off time.
• You may use the time to read the questions and plan your answers.
• Answer only on the basis of instructions and questions given.
• Consider score and time while answering.

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 4 British Exploitation and Resistance

Answer the following. Score 1 each.

A. Choose the correct option.

Sslc Social Science Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 1.
The British Governor General who introduced the Permanent Settlement for tax collection.
Lord Cornwallis
Lord William Bentick
Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
Lord Cornwallis

Question 2.
The land revenue system introduced by the British in North West regions.
Ryotwari System
Permanent Settlement
Mahalwari System
Answer:
Mahalwari System

Question 3.
The land revenue system introduced by the British in South Indian regions.
Permanent Settlement
Ryotwari System
Mahalwari System
Answer:
Ryotwari System

Question 4.
The land revenue system introduced by the British in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa regions.
Permanent Settlement
Mahalwari System
Ryotwari System
Answer:
Permanent Settlement

Question 5.
The tribe that inhabited the valleys of Rajmahal Hills.
Kurichiya
Santhal
Kurumbar
Answer:
Santhal

Question 6.
The year in which the Kurichiya Revolt took place
1812
1805
1821
Answer:
1812

Question 7.
The leaders of Santhal revolt.
Rama Nambi and Thalackal Chanthu
Sidu and Kanhu
Mangal Pandey and Thantia Thope
Answer:
Sidu and Kanhu

Question 8.
The Revolt of 1857 broke out first at.
Delhi
Meerut
Kanpur
Answer:
Meerut

Question 9.
The first martyr of the Revolt of 1857.
Rani Lakshmi Bai
Bahadur Shah II
Mangal Pandey
Answer:
Mangal Pandey

Question 10.
Who put forward the ‘Drain Theory’?
Bala Gangadhar Tilak
Ramesh Chandra Dutt
Dadabhai Naoroji
Answer:
Dadabhai Naoroji

Question 11.
The year in which Bengal was partitioned.
1905
1912
1910
Answer:
1905

Question 12.
The national leader who declared ‘Freedom is my birthright. I shall have it ’.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Bipin Chandra Pal
Answer:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak

B. Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
What was the Ryotwari System?
Answer:
The land revenue system that the British introduced in South Indian regions was known as Ryotwari System. In this system, the land revenue was collected directly from farmers.

Question 2.
In which part of India were the Permanent Settlement introduced?
Answer:
Bengal, Bihar, Orissa

Question 3.
What is meant by commercialization of agriculture?
Answer:
During the British rule, the farmers were forced to cultivate crops according to market needs. Commercial crops were cultivated largely instead of food crops. This transformation is termed as commercialization of agriculture.

Question 4.
Who are the Santhals?
Answer:
A tribe inhabiting the valleys of Rajmahal Hills, stretching across Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar.

Question 5.
What were the means of livelihood of the tribes?
Answer:

• Gathering forest produce
• Cattle rearing
• Shifting cultivation
• Hunting

Question 6.
Besides Santhal and Kurichiya revolts, several other tribal insurgencies broke out in different parts of India. Which were they?
Answer:

• Kol Rebellion
• Pahariya Rebellion
• Bhil Rebellion
• Munda Rebellion
• Khasi Rebellion

Question 7.
Whom did the rioters of the Revolt of 1857 declare as the Emperor of India after capturing Delhi?
Answer:
Bahadur Shah II

Question 8.
What is meant by Nationalism?
Answer:
Nationalism is the sense of unity among the people of a country irrespective of caste, creed, religion and region.

Question 9.
When was the Indian National Congress formed? Where was its first meeting held?
Answer:

• Formed in December 1885
• The first meeting of the ING was held in Bombay.

Question 10.
Who put forward ‘Drain Theory’? In which book is it included?
Answer:

• DadabhaiNaoroji
• Poverty and Un-British Rule in India written by Dadabhai Naoroji.

Question 11.
When was Bengal partitioned? Name the Viceroy who partitioned Bengal.
Answer:

• 1905
• Lord Curzon

Question 12.
Name the leaders together known as Lal-Pal- Bal.
Answer:

• Lala Lajpat Rai
• Bipin Chandra Pal
• Bal GangadharTilak

Sslc Social Science Chapter Wise Questions Question 13.
Why is Bengal called the ‘Nursery of Indian, National Movement’?
Answer:
Majority of earlier leaders of Indian National Movement were Bengalis.

Question 14.
When did the Kurichiya Revolt occur? Who was its leader?
Answer:

• 1812
• Rama Nambi, the Kurichiya leader.

Answer the following. Score 2 each.

Question 1.
What was Mahalwari System? Write its features.
Answer:

• The land revenue system introduced by the British in North West regions was known as Mahalwari System.
• The village headmen was assigned the responsibility to collect tax.
• The tax rate was excessive.
• The entire village was considered as a single unit for tax collection.

Question 2.
Write the problems faced by farmers as a result of commercialization of agriculture.
Answer:

• The farmers were forced to cultivate for Europe.
• Forced to cultivate commercial crops instead of food crops.
• Food shortage and famine occurred.
• Farmers had to pay high rate of tax.

Question 3.
The expansion of railway was one reason for the decline of Indian textile industry. Why?
Answer:

• The statement is correct.
• Railway helped the British to carry the imported fabrics from port towns to interior villages and the cotton collected from villages to the ports for exporting to Britain. Thus Indian weavers lost their business in village market.

Question 4.
Which were the modern industries that the British industrialists started in India?
Answer:

• Plantation industry
• Textile industry
• Jute industry
• Steel industry

Question 5.
Why did the Indian sepoys refuse to use the enfield rifles and cartridges?
Answer:
The rumour that the cartridge in the newly supplied Enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs provoked the sepoys. It wounded the religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers. So the sepoys refused to use the enfield rifles and cartridges.

Question 6.
Who were the early leaders that played a main role in making the common people aware of the economic policy of the British that impoverished India?
Answer:

• DadabhaiNaoroji
• Gopal Krishna Gokhale
• Ramesh Chandra Dutt

Question 7.
What were the peculiarities of the agitation during the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:

• Boycott of foreign goods and consumption of indigenous products.
• Foreign goods were collected and burnt publicly.

Question 8.
Why is VO.Chidambaram Pillai called the ‘Helmsman of Tamil Nadu ’?
Answer:

• V.O.Chidambaram Pillai led the Swadeshi Movement in Tamil Nadu.
• He established Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in Tuticorin in 1906. So he is called the ‘Helmsman of Tamil Nadu’.

Question 9.
Which were the main institutions that started in India during the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:

• Bengal Chemical Store in Bengal.
• Tata Steel Plant in Maharashtra.
• Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in Tamil Nadu.

Question 10.
Complete the sun diagram related to the centres of the Revolt of 1857.

Answer:

Question 11.
What was the main difference of Ryotwari System from Permanent Land Revenue Settlement?
Answer:

• Zamindars were the owners of the entire land in Permanent land revenue system. They collected tax from the farmers.
• In Ryotwari system, the land revenue was collected directly from the farmers. Ownership of land was vested in the farmers.

Answer the following. Score 3 each.

Question 1.
What was the land revenue system introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa? How was it beneficial to the British and the Zamindars?
Or
Revenue systems implemented by the British broke the backbone of Indian farmers. Evaluate this statement based on Permanent land revenue settlement.
Answer:

• The Permanent Settlement was the land revenue system introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.
• In this system, the tax was collected by the ‘zamindars. Zamindar was the owner of the entire land where he had the jurisdiction to collect tax. The actual farmers became tenants. Farmers were to pay 60% of the yield j as tax in cash. The Zamindars became rich by collecting excess tax from the farmers. The English East India Company got the tax regularly.
• Tax was to be paid even at the time of poor yield. Tax was to be paid in cash before the cut off date. For this, the farmers took loans I ‘ from money-lenders at a high rate of interest by mortgaging agricultural land. The land of farmers who could not pay back the loan was seized by money-lenders.

Question 2.
Arrange the given table suitably.

Answer:

Question 3.
What is meant by commercialization of agriculture?
Or
The British rule commercialized Indian agriculture. What were the factors that helped for this?
Answer:

• During the British rule, the farmers were compelled to cultivate crops according to the market needs. Commercial crops were largely cultivated instead of food crops. This was termed as commercialization of agriculture.
• The Indian farmers were forced to cultivate cotton, indigo, etc. the raw materials for British industries during British rule.
• Commercial crops were largely cultivated instead of food crops according to the market needs.
• The farmers had to pay high rate of tax in cash before the deadline. To meet this, they cultivated crops that had higher market price.
• The products that had high demand in the European markets were cultivated. Thus the Indian lands became the cultivating fields of Europe.

Question 4.
There were some common reasons for the tribal revolts of India against the British. What where they?
Or
The tribal people also became the victims of British rule. Substantiate.
Answer:

• The Forest Acts imposed by the British made the life of the Santhal tribes miserable. They were prohibited to enter forest when the British declared forests as protected.
• The British widely felled trees from forests to lay railway lines and build ships.
• The British levied tax at higher rates on the forest produce collected by the Santhal tribes.
• Zamindars and moneylenders captured their land.
• The British made the tribals work as slaves.

Question 5.
Arrange the following events chronologically.
i) Partition of Bengal
ii) Kurichiya Revolt
iii) First War of Indian Independence
Answer:
i) Kurichiya Revolt (1812)
ii) First War of Indian Independence (1857)
iii) Partition of Bengal (1905)

Question 6.
Which were the centres of Revolt of 1857? Name the leaders who led the revolt in these centres.
Answer:

Sslc History Chapter 4 Notes Pdf Question 7.
Write a note on the formation of the Indian National Congress.
Answer:
Indian National Congress was formed in December 1885 in Bombay. Seventy two delegates from different parts of India attended its first session. W.C.Banerjee was the first President of INC. The INC led the anti-British struggle from 1885 till India attained independence in 1947.

Question 8.
Different groups of people turned against the British due to their; policies. Examine how the British policies affected Indian farmers and workers.
Answer:
Farmers were the immediate victims of the British rule. It was the land revenue system implemented by the British that destroyed the backbone of the farmers. The aim of the British tax policy was to maximize the income.

Different types of land revenue systems were introduced in various regions under the British rule. When the farmers were unable to pay the high tax in cash before the deadline, they had to take loan from moneylenders at a high rate of interest. The loans were obtained by mortgaging agricultural lands. The agricultural land of the farmers, who could not pay back the loan and interest, was seized by moneylenders.

Weavers gave up their work massively due to the exploitation and torture of the British officials. They forced the weavers to work at meagre wages and to exchange the products to them at cheaper rate. The decline of village industries like pottery, tanning and carpentry led to famine and death due to starvation.

Question 9.
What were the main reasons for the Kurichiya Revolt?
Answer:

• Compulsion for paying the tax in cash.
• Imposition of excessive tax by the British.
• Seizing of agricultural land for non-payment of tax.

Question 10.
Write the reasons for Mappila Rebellions.
Answer:

• The exploitation and suppression of the landlords and the British.
• The British treated the Janmis as owners of land.
• Atrocities of the landlords including eviction of tenants.

Question 11.
What were the major problems faced by the workers in the modern industries during the British rule?
Answer:

• Prolonged working hours
• Meagre wage
• Unhealthy accommodation

Question 12.
Write the features of Permanent land revenue settlement.
Answer:

• In the Permanent land revenue settlement, the tax was collected by zamindars.
• Zamindar was the owner of the entire land where he had the jurisdiction to collect tax.
• While the Zamindars became the owners of the land, the actual farmers became tenants.
• Farmers were to pay up to 60% of the yield as tax.
• Tax was to be paid even at the time of poor yield.
• The tax was to be paid in cash strictly before the cut off date.

Question 13.
Different land revenue systems were implemented in various regions under the British rule. Arrange them in proper order.

Answer:
i. – b,
ii. – c,
iii. – a

Question 14.
Examine the background of indigo revolt.
Answer:
It was necessary for the British industrialists to get indigo plantation spread to more regions in India. They gave farmers a good amount as advance for the cultivation of indigo. The farmers succumbed to this and widely planted indigo as they were in trouble with no other means to pay the heavy land tax. Each farmer who accepted the advance amount from the British was liable to plant indigo in a fixed portion of the land, especially in the most fertile part.

The land used for the cultivation of food grains was reserved for indigo plantation. Due to the interference of the British agents in the harvesting season, the farmers received only a lower price for indigo. Later when artificial colours were invented, indigo became obsolete. This made the plight of indigo farmers more miserable.

Question 15.
How did the Drain Theory of Dadabhai Naoroji reinforce the anti – British attitude in India?
Answer:
Through his studies, Dadabhai Naoroji publicized the facts on the deterioration of Indian economy under the British rule. His studies were based on empirical data. He established the fact that a huge amount of money was flowing to Britain every year. He proved that the drain of wealth was the root cause of poverty and starvation in India. This was known as ‘Drain Theory’.

Indian wealth flew to Britain by the export of Indian raw materials, salary and pension to the British officers in India, profit gained through the sale of the British products in India and tax from India. Dadabhai Naoroji could make the people aware that the economic policy of the British impoverished India. The common people realized that the poverty and exploitation they faced had been the creation of the British. It reinforced their anti- British attitude which finally led to the growth of nationalistic feeling among the people.

Question 16.
How did the decline of Indian industries cause the ruin of the agricultural sector in India during the period of the British?
Answer:
With the decline of industries? people who had been working with them migrated to villages and engaged in agriculture related works. As a result, the number of people who engaged in agriculture to earn a living, increased. It fragmented the agricultural fields and the production fell to be stagnant.

British Exploitation And Resistance Important Questions Question 17.
What were the revenue systems implemented by the British in various parts of India?
Answer:

• Permanent land revenue settlement in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa regions.
• Ryotwari system in South Indian regions.
• Mahalwari system in North west regions.

Question 18.
Why is the peasant revolts in the British Malabar region considered as Mappila revolt? What was the reason found out by the William Logan Commission for the revolt?
Answer:

• Most of the tenants of Malabar were Mappilas who cultivated the land obtained on lease from landlords. So the peasant revolts in Malabar were known as Mappila revolt.
• The reason for the revolts found by William Logan Commission was unfair revenue system of the British.

Question 19.
Evaluate how the revenue system implemented by the British adversely affected the agricultural sector.
Answer:

• Tax was to be paid in cash before the cut – off date.
• So often peasants had to take loans from money lenders at a high rate of interest.
• They got the money from money lenders by mortgaging agricultural land.
• Money lenders seized the mortgaged agricultural land of farmers who could not repay the loan.

Question 20.
Evaluate the circumstances that forced Indian farmers to cultivate cash crops.
Answer:

• High rate of tax
• Tax had to be paid in cash before the cut – off date.
• To meet this situation, they cultivated products having higher market price.

Question 21.
Evaluate the circumstances that led to the deterioration of village industries like pottery, tannery and carpentry.
Answer:

• Pottery – Import of aluminium vessels.
• Tannery – Export of raw leather to Europe.
• Carpentry- Use of machines made of metals.

Question 22.
The use of Swadeshi goods and boycott of foreign goods rejuvenated Indian industry. Substantiate.
Answer:

• A number of textile mills, soap factories, match box companies, national banks and insurance companies were started.
• The Bengal Chemical Store in Bengal, the Tata Iron and Steel Plant in Maharashtra, and the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company in Tamil Nadu were started during the Swadeshi movement.
• Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period.

Question 23.
State the features of Swadeshi movement started against the partition of Bengal.
Answer:
Swadeshi Movement:
Swadeshi movement began in 1906. The boycott of foreign goods and consumption of indigenous products were the main features of Swadeshi movement. As’part of the agitation, foreign goods were collected and burnt publicly.

The extensive use of indigenous products by discarding foreign items rejuvenated Indian industry. As a result, a number of textile mills, soap factories, matchbox companies, national banks and insurance companies were established. Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period. Massive participation of women, labourers and students was another remarkable feature of this agitation.

Indian nationalism attained further strength from Swadeshi Movement. The freedom movement that was limited to only the high class in the society became a mass movement with the launching of Swadeshi movement. It contributed new strategies of agitation to national movement.

Question 24.
Explain how Indian lands became the cultivating field of Europe during the British rule.
Answer:
How Indian lands became cultivating fields for Europe:

• During the British rule, the farmers were compelled to cultivate crops according to the market needs. Commercial crops were largely cultivated instead of food crops. This was termed as commercialization of agriculture.
• The Indian farmers were forced to cultivate cotton, indigo, etc. the raw materials for British industries during British rule.
• Commercial crops were largely cultivated instead of food crops according to the market needs.
• The farmers had to pay high rate of tax in cash before the deadline. To meet this, they cultivated crops that had higher market price.
• The products that had high demand in the European markets were cultivated. Thus the Indian lands became the cultivating fields of Europe.

Answer the following. Score 4 each.

Question 1.
Why did the Santhal tribe of Rajmahal Hills turn against the British? Who gave leadership to the Santhal Rebellion? How did the British face, the rebellion?
Answer:
The Santhal tribe inhabited the valleys of Rajmahal Hills. The Forest Acts imposed by the British made their life miserable. They were prohibited to enter forest when the British declared forests as protected. The British levied tax at higher rates on the forest produce collected by the tribes. The British officers made them work as slaves in laying railway lines. When their life became unbearable, they decided to take up arms against the British.

The Santhal rebellion was led by Sido and Kanhu. Thousands of Santhals were killed in the struggle. The British suppressed the rebellion.

Question 2.
Match the items related to Column A from Columns B and C.

Answer:

Question 3.
Discuss the role of Swadeshi Movement in the freedom struggle.
Or
Analyse the features of Swadeshi Movement.
Answer:
The boycott of foreign goods and consumption of indigenous products were the main features of Swadeshi movement. As part of the agitation, foreign goods were collected and burnt publicly. The extensive use of indigenous products by discarding foreign items rejuvenated Indian industry.

As a result, a number of textile mills, soap factories, matchbox companies, national banks and insurance companies were established. Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period. Massive participation of women, labourers and students was another remarkable feature of this agitation.

Indian nationalism attained further strength from Swadeshi Movement. The freedom movement that was limited to only the high class in the society became a mass movement with the launching of Swadeshi movement. It contributed new strategies of agitation to national movement.

Question 4.
‘The Revolt of 1857 was not merely a Sepoy revolt, but a War of Independence Do you agree with this opinion of Suresh? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, the Revolt of 1857 was the First War of Indian Independence.

People belonging to different groups of society including Sepoys, kings, farmers, workers and handicrafts men participated in this revolt. The Sepoys were the most discontented under the British rule.

Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for their discontent. The British rule had adversely affected the kings also. Many of them lost their power due to the policies of the company. The massive participation of farmers, workers and handicraft workers was another feature of the revolt. The real strength of the rebellion was the Hindu-Muslim unity.

Historians termed the Revolt of 1857 as India’s First War of Independence. This incident was evaluated first as a national revolt by the British historian Benjamin Disraeli. The Revolt of 1857 was the first great attempt by
the Indians to liberate themselves from the British rule.

Question 5.
Complete the flow chart below.

Answer:

• Textile industry : Machine made textiles imported from Britain sold at low price
• Pottery : Import of aluminium vessels
• Tanning : Export of raw leather to Europe
• Carpentry : Use of machine made of metals

Question 6.
Analyse the circumstances that led the British Indian soldiers to the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:

• Poor salary of the sepoys
• Abuse by the British officers
• Rumours connected with newly introduced rifle and cartridges.
• The religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers were wounded.
• Severe punishment given to sepoys who were unwilling to use the cartridges.
• Mangal Pandey, an Indian sepoy was hanged, as he shot a British official.

Answer the following. Score 5/6 each.

Question 1.
The Indigo Revolt of the farmers of Bengal and the peasant revolts in Kerala were due to the exploitation of the farmers by the British and zamindars. Explain.
Answer:
Farmers were the immediate victims of the British rule. The land revenue system implemented by the British destroyed the backbone of the farmers. The aim of the British tax policy was to maximize income. The peasants were led to a revolt due to the land revenue policy of the British and the torture by the landlords.

The Indigo Revolt:
With the Industrial Revolution in the 18^thcentury in England, textile industry gathered much momentum and the demand for indigo increased. It was necessary for the British industrialists to get indigo plantation spread to more regions in India. They gave farmers a good amount as advance for the cultivation of indigo.

Each farmer who accepted the advance from the British had to plant indigo in a fixed portion of his land. The farmers were also compelled to cultivate it in the most fertile part of their land. Due to the interference of the British agents during the harvesting season, the farmers received only a low price for indigo.

The indigo farmers resorted to revolt owing to severe exploitation and endless miseries. In 1859, the farmers of Bengal organized themselves and declared that they were giving up indigo cultivation. They attacked indigo factories with bows, arrows, swords and spears.

The farmers refused to take advance and cultivate indigo. They also opposed the threats of eviction and increase in lease amount. The government appointed a commission to study the problems of indigo farmers. The commission proposed to stop indigo cultivation as it was uneconomic.

Peasant Revolts in Kerala:
British Malabar witnessed many peasant struggles. The exploitation and suppression of the landlords and the British led to the revolts in Malabar. The British treated the Janmis as owners of land.

The revolt was against the eviction of tenants carried out by the Janmis with the support of the British. Farmers of South Malabar were tenants who cultivated the land obtained on lease from landlords. Most of these tenants were Mappilas. So these struggles were known as Mappita Rebellions.

Around 22 peasant revolts took place in Malabar. To suppress the revolts, the British raised a special armed police battalion named Malabar Special Police. The British government appointed the William Logan Commission to enquire about the revolts. The Commission pointed out that the cause of the struggle was the unfair land revenue system of the British.

Question 2.
Examine the role of tribal revolts in anti- British struggle based on Santhal Rebellion and Kurichiya Revolt.
Answer:
Like the peasants, the tribals were also in misery with the coming of the British. The tribals who led a free life were subjected to exploitation and torture. They were prohibited to enter forest which was their source of livelihood.

Santhal Rebellion:
Santhal Rebellion was the biggest tribal revolt that the British had to encounter in India. The Santhal tribe inhabited the valleys of Rajmahal Hills. Gathering forest produce, cattle rearing, shifting cultivation and hunting were their major means of livelihood. The Forest Acts imposed by the British made their life miserable. They were prohibited to enter forest because the British declared the forests as protected.

The British widely felled trees from forests to lay railway lines and build ships and for plantation. The British levied high tax on the forest produce collected by the tribes. Zamindars and moneylenders captured their land. The British made them work as slaves. These situations made the Santhals to fight against the British. The agitation was led by Sido and Kanhu.

Kurichiya Revolt:
Kurichiya Revolt was also a tribal insurgency against the British. It was ‘organised by the Kurichiya and the Kurumba tribes of Wayanad in 1812. The main reasons of the revolt were:

• Imposition of excessive tax by the British.
• Compulsion for paying tax in cash.
• Seizing of agricultural land for non-payment of tax.

The revolt was led by the Kurichiya leader RamaNambi. The British suppressed the struggle and killed RamaNambi.

Question 3.
Evaluate the causes and results of the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:
The Revolt of 1857 was the first organized mass movement against the misrule of the British in India. The revolt was generated out of the discontent that prevailed among all sections of Indians due to the policies of the British. The rebellion was started by the Sepoys of Meerut. The following were the main causes for the revolt.

Miseries of the Sepoys :
Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for the Sepoy’s resentment. The rumour that the cartridge in the newly supplied Enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs provoked them. It wounded the religious sentiments of Hindus and Muslim soldiers. The soldiers who were unwilling to use the new cartridges were punished by the officers.

Dissatisfaction of Kings :
The British rule had adversely affected the kings also. In addition to the Doctrine of Lapse, the princely states were convicted of inefficient rule and were annexed by the British. Lord Dalhousie, the British Governor General annexed the princely states of Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur and Sambalpur using the policy of Doctrine of Lapse. This made them to lead the revolt.

Miseries of farmers :
The land revenue policies of the British in India namely the Permanent settlement, Ryotwari system and Mahalwari system impoverished the peasants. When the farmers were unable to pay tax in cash before the deadline, they had to take loan from moneylenders at a high rate of interest by mortgaging their land.

The moneylenders seized the agricultural land of farmers who could not pay back loan and interest. The farmers who cultivated commercial crops as a result of the commercialization of agriculture also had to suffer losses.

Poverty of the craftsmen :
The British policies completely ruined not only the agricultural sector, but also the handicrafts in India. Large scale import of machine-made British textiles was the major reason for the ruin of Indian textile industry. Weavers gave up their work massively due to the exploitation and torture of the British officers. They searched for other jobs. The village industries like pottery, tanning and carpentry also declined.

The ruins of agricultural sector and handicrafts industry led India to famine and deaths due to starvation.

Immediate cause :
In Barrackpore in Bengal, Mangal Pandey, an Indian soldier shot a British officer who forced him to use the cartridge. He was arrested an hanged to death. The revolt began at Meerut. The rioters moved to Delhi, captured it and declared Bahadur Shah II as the emperor of India. The rioters could not compete with the superior military power of the British and the rebellion was completely suppressed.

Results of the revolt :

• The first and the foremost massive resistance of the Indians against the British.
• Brought about several changes in the policies and administration of the British.
• The British Parliament took over the administration of India from the English East India Company.
• Paved the way for the emergence national movement.

Question 4.
Write the features of the land revenue systems that the British introduced in India. How did they differ? What were their similiarities?
Answer:
The important land revenue systems that the British implemented in India were Permanent settlement, Ryotwari system and Mahalwari system.

Permanent Settlement :
The Permanent settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis, the Governor General of British India to collect taxes in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. This system is also known as the Zamindari system.
The following were its features:

• The tax was collected by zamindars.
• Zamindar was the owner of the entire land where he had the jurisdiction to collect tax.
• Farmers were to pay up to 60% of the yield as tax.
• Tax to be paid even at the time of poor yield.
• Tax was to be paid in cash strictly before the cut off date.
• The actual farmers became tenants.

Ryotwari system :
This was the land revenue system that the British introduced in South Indian regions. Its features were:

• Land revenue was collected directly from the farmers.
• Ownership of the land was vested with the peasant.
• Excessive tax was imposed.
• Tax rates were frequently increased.

Mahalwari system :
This was introduced by the British to collect tax from North West regions. Its features were:

• The village headman was assigned the responsibility to collect tax.
• Tax rate was excessive.
• The entire village was considered as a single unit for tax collection.

Common similiarities

• Tax had to be paid in cash
• Tax was very high

Question 5.
Arranged the columns suitably.

Answer:

Question 6.
Match the suitably.

Answer:

Question 7.
Prepare a Timeline using the years and events given.
1905 – Kurichiya Revolt
1857 – Battle of Plassey
1757 – Formation of Indian National Congress
1812 – Partition of Bengal
1885 – First War of Independence
Answer:

Question 8.
Arrange the following events chronologically.
i) Swadeshi Movement
ii) Partition of Bengal
iii) Kurichiya Revolt
iv) First War of Independence
v) Santhal Rebellion
Answer:
i) Kurichiya Revolt (1812)
ii) Santhal Rebellion (1855-56)
iii) First War of Independence (1857)
iv) Partition of Bengal (1905)
v) Swadeshi Movement (1906)

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions