Class 10

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 1 The Scholarship Jacket (Short Story)

Std 10 English Textbook The Scholarship Jacket Questions and Answers

The Scholarship Jacket Questions And Answers 10th Question 1.
What was the tradition followed in the small Texas school?
Answer:
The tradition followed in the small Texas school was that a beautiful gold and green jacket was awarded to the student who had maintained the highest grades for eight years. The award was given during the passing out function (in the USA they call it graduation) of the 8th graders.

The Scholarship Jacket Summary In Malayalam 10th Question 2.
What do you think the letter ‘S’ on the jacket represents?
Answer:
The letter ‘S’ represents “scholarship”.

The Scholarship Jacket Summary 10th Question 3.
‘This one, the scholarship jacket, was our only chance.’Why does Martha say so?
Answer:
She says it because her parents were very poor. To take part in the school sports, a lot of money had to be paid by way of registration fees, uniform and outside trips. So Martha’s brothers and sister had no chance of getting any jacket by being a member of any team or by winning any sport event.

Scholarship Jacket Question Answers 10th Question 4.
How does Martha describe herself?
Answer:
She was pencil thin, without any curve anywhere. She was called ‘beanpole’ and ‘string bean’.

The Scholarship Jacket Answers 10th Question 5.
What were Martha’s teachers arguing about?
Answer:
They were arguing about Martha. If merit was the only consideration, the scholarship jacket should go to Martha. That is what Mr. Schmidt, her history teacher wanted. But her maths teacher named Mr. Boone wanted it to be given to Joann as her father is a Board member and owns the only store in town.

The Scholarship Jacket Questions And Answers Pdf 10th Question 6.
Why was Mr. Boone arguing in Joann’s favour?
Answer:
Mr. Boone was arguing in Joann’s favour because her father was a Board member and owns the only store in town.

The Scholarship Jacket Notes 10th Question 7.
‘It seemed a cruel coincidence…. ’ Why did Martha sayso?
Answer:
Martha said so because the argument she overheard between Mr. Schmidt and Mr. Boone was about herself, about the giving of the scholarship jacket. When she was called to the principal’s office she knew why she was being called.

The Scholarship Jacket Questions And Answers Class 7 10th Question 8.
Why was the principal ‘uncomfortable and unhappy’?
Answer:
He was uncomfortable and unhappy because that year a new rule was brought by the Board that the student who is to be given the scholarship jacket should pay an amount of 15 dollars. He knew that Martha deserved the jacket, but since she was too poor to pay, the jacket will have to be given to someone else. He knew it was a ploy by a Board member to enable his daughter Joann to get the jacket.

Narration Of The Story The Scholarship Jacket 10th Question 9.
Why was Martha shocked?
Answer:
She was shocked because the principal told her that she would have to pay 15 dollars if she wanted the jacket. Until that year it was given free to the best student.

The Scholarship Jacket Answers Pdf 10th Question 10.
Why was the winning the scholarship jacket important to Martha?
Answer:
It was important to Martha because it represented 8 years of hard work and expectation.

The Scholarship Jacket Text Book Questions And Answers 10th Question 11.
Why did Martha’s grandfather refuse to pay the money?
Answer:
He refused to pay the money because he thought that if she pays for it, it will not be a scholarship jacket anymore.

The Scholarship Jacket Questions Answer Key 10th Question 12.
Why was the principal disturbed when Martha’s grandfather refused to pay the money?
Answer:
The principal was disturbed when Martha’s grandfather refused to pay the money because then the jacket will have to be given to someone else. The principal knew full well that Martha deserved it and he did not want herto lose it. The principal also knew that the grandfather’s reasoning was right. It is not that the grandfather does not have 15 dollars as he owns a 200-acre ranch.

The Scholarship Jacket Questions 10th Question 13.
Why did the principal change his mind?
Answer:
The principal was an honest man and he knew that Martha’deserved the jacket. He also thought that by making a student pay, a scholarship jacket would not remain a scholarship jacket any more. It would be like a jacket bought in the market., Moreover he sympathized with Martha.

Summary Of Scholarship Jacket 10th Question 14.
How did Martha wish to express her joy?
Answer:
She wished to express her joy by yelling, jumping, running the mile or doing something.

Sslc English The Scholarship Jacket 10th Question 15.
Who really helped Martha get the scholarship jacket? How?
Answer:
Mr. Schmidt. He must have told the principal that he was not ready to tell lies or falsify records. He must have threatened to resign from his job if Martha was not given the jacket.

Question 16.
‘His face looked happy and innocent as a baby’s, but I knew better.’ What does the expression ‘but I knew better’ suggest here?
Answer:
She knew that it was Mr. Schmidt who argued for her and convinced the principal to give the jacket to her instead of giving it to Joann, whose father was a Board member.

Activity 1

Question 1.
What did the teacher mean by the statement ‘Martha is Mexican’?
Answer:
This statement was made by Mr. Boone, Martha’s Maths teacher. He was in favour of giving the scholarship jacket to Joann, the daughter of a Board member, who owned the only store in town. To add weight to his argument he was bringing in the racial issue. His argument is why to give the scholarship jacket to a Mexican, instead of giving to an American? From this we see that even in schools there is racial prejudice. In fact teachers must be above such petty considerations. In schools only merit should count and not religion, sex, race or nationality.

Activity 2

Question 1.
Narrate the events that led to Martha’s winning the Scholarship Jacket.
Answer:
Martha comes from a poor family and as her parents could not afford to keep her, she is given to her grandparents to bring her up. But she is a hardworking girl who has been at the top of the class for all the 8 years. In the Texas school where she studied, there was a custom that the student who maintained the topmost grades for all the 8 years would be awarded a scholarship jacket on the passing out (graduation) function. The jacket was free. But that year a Board Member wanted her daughter to get the scholarship jacket. For that a rule was made that only if the student pays 15 dollars the jacket would be given.

The member and some of his supporters among the staff know that Martha is too poor to pay and thus Joann could get the jacket. When Martha goes home and asks her grandfather to pay 15 dollars, he refuses to pay saying that if the money is paid it will no more be a scholarship jacket. Martha goes and says this to the principal. Some teachers, like Mr. Schmidt, Martha’s history teacher, had already insisted that the jacket should be given to Martha as she is the one who. really deserves it. Finally the principal decides to award it to Martha.

Activity 3

Question 1.
Pick out instances from the story that reveal the role played by them and complete the table given.
Paragraphs about each:

The grandfather: We see him always working in the field. He is a rich man with a 200-acre ranch and he does a lot of the work himself. He is very logical. He says that if money is to be paid for scholarship jacket, it will no more remain a scholarship jacket. His argument wins in the end.

The Principal: We see the principal calling Martha and telling her that from that year there is a policy change and she has to pay 15 dollars to get the scholarship jacket. From his behaviour we know he is unhappy about the decision of the Board as he knows Martha deserves the scholarship jacket. He is a good man because he finally decides to give the jacket to Martha. This may offend the father of Joann and also teachers like Mr. Boone.

Mr Boone: He is a bad teacher. He wants the scholarship jacket to go to Joann because her father is a Board member and he owns the only store in town. He also says Martha is a Mexican and so the jacket should go to Joartn. He is a racist in the sense that he does not give due consideration to merit, but to race and nationality. Such teachers are a shame to the profession.

Mr. Schmidt: He is a good example for a nice teacher. He insists that the jacket should be given to Martha. He is not ready to tell lies and falsify records to favour Joann. He even threatens to resign his job, if the jacket is not given to Martha. We see him happy in the end because he knows justice is done. He must have been jubilant when Martha gave him an affectionate hug.

Activity 4

Question 1.
Prepare the speech and present it before the class.
Answer:
Respected Principal, my dear teachers and friends, It is with joy and sorrow that I stand here. Joy because I have passed the 8th grade and received the scholarship jacket. Sorrow because I have to leave this school and my beloved teachers that have made me grow wiser and my friends with whom I have spent 8 years of my childhood. I thank the Principal and my teachers and my classmates who have helped me in getting this scholarship jacket. My sister had earned it a few years ago and now I am getting it and I am sure my family members will be proud of me. I take this opportunity to especially thank my History Teacher, Mr. Schmidt who has helped me in different ways. I will always remember him with gratitude.

Before I conclude, I would like to make a suggestion. This year the Board had decided to charge 15 dollars for the jacket. But fortunately for me the Principal was kind to make an exception and that is why I am getting this jacket. I want to say to everyone concerned that a scholarship jacket will not remain a scholarship jacket, if one has to pay for it even a single dollar.

I once again thank everyone for making my stay in this school a memorable one. I wish all my classmates a successful future.
Martha

Activity 5

Question 1.
The management decides to change the policy regarding the Scholarship Jacket. The principal feels uncomfortable and unhappy about this change. He expresses his resentment in a letter to the management. Write the likely letter.
Answer:

School Letterhead

The Chairman
Management of the Texas Rural School
Texas
16 June 2016

Dear Sir,
Sub: CHARGING FEE FOR THE SCHOLARSHIP JACKET
I am much grieved at the decision of the Management to charge a fee of 15 dollars from the student who is eligible to get the scholarship jacket. Our school has been in existence for 80 years and all these years the jacket was given free. Now, making a sudden change in the policy is not advisable for many reasons.

The biggest reason is that the eligible student may be from a poor family and he/she may not be able to make the payment. Thereby the student will lose his/her chance to get the jacket. This is injustice. Money should not become a criterion for receiving such honors.

Secondly charging a fee for the scholarship jacket will reduce the significance of the scholarship jacket. If one has to pay a fee for that jacket, it will be like any other jacket bought in the market.
Many of the teachers are against the decision of the Management to charge a fee for the jacket. It breaks an honorable tradition set by this school and also it prevents poor students from having the reward for their continuous hard work.

So please reconsider the matter and once again make the scholarship jacket what it actually is – a scholarship jacket.
Thank you,

Yours sincerely,
Sd/-
(Selina Job)
Principal

Activity 6

Question 1.
Here Martha tells her own story. Imagine that you are a friend of Martha and you know everything that happened in her life in connection with the issue of the Scholarship Jacket. If you narrate the story, how would you do it? Write the likely narrative.
Answer:
Martha is an intelligent and hardworking girl. But because her parents were poor, they gave her to her grandparents to bring up. Her poverty did not stop her from hard work and she has been scoring top grades all the years.

In the Texas school where she was studying, there was the custom of awarding a scholarship jacket to the best outgoing student. The jacket was given during the valedictory function for the 8^th grade students. The eligible student should have constantly scored the top grades in all the 8 years of his/her stay there. Martha was sure she would get it and she was eagerly awaiting it.

There was a girl called Joann in her class. She was nowhere near Martha in her grades. But her father was a Board member and he made a plan to keep Martha away from the Prize. He knew that Martha was too poor to pay any money to get the jacket. He and some his friends took the initiative and made the Board change its policy from that year. They decided that to get the scholarship jacket the student has to pay 15 dollars. By this he knew that Martha won’t get it and it could then be given to Joann.

But a good teacher named Mr. Schmidt was against this scheme. He persuaded the principal to make the scholarship jacket free. The principal also realized it would be an injustice to Martha if the jacket was not given to her. So, finally, Martha got it because of the goodness of Mr. Schmidt and the principal. Martha was very happy.

Activity 7

Question 1.
Martha is awarded the Scholarship Jacket by the Vice-Chancellor of the University. Prepare a news report of the award ceremony.
Answer:
Texas, March 3: The Texas Rural School Scholarship Jacket is awarded to Martha Stevenson, who has been scoring top grades in all the 8 years of her study there. Presenting the Scholarship Jacket, Dr. Bill Mason, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Texas, said that Martha should be made a role model by all the students. Although coming from a poor family, Martha has been able to maintain top grades throughout her study in the school. He wished her to continue to work hard so that she can reach greater heights in life.

The Board had decided to charge a fee of 15 dollars for the scholarship jacket. But the principal made an exception in the case of Martha, considering her merit throughout her stay in the school.
When asked what her future plan was, Martha said she would study Law as she wanted to become a solicitor.

Let’s Learn More About Words

Activity 1.

Some words from the story are given in Column A. Match the words in Column A with their appropriate meaning in Column B.

Answer:

Activity 2

Write the word that best completes each sentence. You may use the words given in Column A of Activity 1.

1. …………. people are usually good athletes.
2. Martha tried not to …………. over the bad news.
3. ‘What a ………….! I wasn’t expecting to see you here, the principal said to Martha.
4. She could not help but ………….
5. Mr. Schmidt was not ready to …………. the records to hide the truth.
6. The thought that she may lose the Jacket was the reason for her ………….
7. The …………. comments of Mr. Boone made her upset.
8. She couldn’t …………. enough courage to ask
Answers:
1. Agile
2. dismay
3. coincidence
4. eavesdrop
5. falsify
6. despair
7. vile
8. muster

Activity 3

Look at the examples given below and try to find out the meanings of the words highlighted from the contextual clues given in the sentences.
1. Manu is a polyglot. He knows several languages.
2. The hurricane began as an amorphous mass – a shapeless group of clouds.
3. When I disparaged him, he put me down in the same way.
4. She was not simply happy to receive the gift; she was euphoric.
5. The sleep clinic treats somnambulists, people who walk in their sleep.
Answers:
1. one who knows many languages.
2. without any clear shape or form
3. regard as worthless
4. extremely happy.
5. people who walk in their sleep

Activity 4

Read the notes on page 123 Given below are sentences which contain idiomatic expressions. Read the sentences and write the meaning of the idioms.
Read the following sentences from the story.
(i) The principal muttered something I couldn’t understand under his breath and walked over to the window.
(ii) His face looked as happy and innocent as a baby’s, but I knew better.

Here the idiom ‘knew better’ means to be wise enough to recognize something as wrong or not possible.

1. We can argue on the issue till the cows come home ………….
2. Oh! It is raining cats and dogs ………….
3. Radhika was tickled pink by the good news ………….
4. This dress costs an arm and a leg ………….
5. We all are in the same boat ………….
6. I’ll clean the toilet when pigs fly ………….
Answers:
1. for a long time.
2. raining very heavily.
3. very delighted.
4. a lot of money.
5. the same difficult situation
6. never.

The Scholarship Jacket About Author

Marta Salinas was born in 1949. She is a native of Coalinga, California. She graduated in creative writing from the University of California. She has published several short stories.

The Scholarship Jacket Summary in English

P. 113
1. I attended a small Texas school. It had a tradition. Every year during the 8th grade passing out function a beautiful gold and green jacket was awarded to the student who had maintained the highest grades for 8 years. The jacket had a big gold ‘S’ on the left front side and your name written in gold letters on the pocket.

2. My eldest sister Rosie had won the jacket a few years back. I also expected it. I was 14 and in the 8th grade. I had been an ‘A’ student from the first grade. My father was a farm labourer. He could hardly earn enough to feed his 8 children. So when I was six, I was given to my grandparents to be looked after.

p. 114
3. We could not participate in sports at school as there were registration fees, uniform fees and trips out of town. So we would never have a school sports jacket in our home. The scholarship jacket was our only chance.

In May, close to the passing out day, spring fever struck as usual. No one paid any attention in class. We stared out of the window and at one another. We wanted to finish the classes. I was unhappy whenever I looked in the mirror. I was pencil thin. Not a curve anywhere. I was called ‘beanpole’ and ‘string bean’. I knew I looked like that. I was thinking like this when I walked from the history class to the gym. Another hour of sweating in basket ball, and showing my toothpick leg. I remembered that my PE shorts were in a bag under my desk where I had forgotten them. I had to walk all the way back to get them. Coach Thomson was strict with the PE shorts. She had said that I was a good forward. She even tried to persuade Grandma to let me join the team. Grandma refused.

5. I was almost back at the classroom when I heard angry voices. I stopped. I did not know what to do. I needed those shoes. I was getting late. But I did not want to interrupt an argument between my teachers. The voices I recognized: Mr. Schmidt, my history teacher and Mr. Boone, my maths teacher. They were arguing about me. I could not believe it. I stood flat against the wall as if I were trying to blend with the graffiti.

Theard Mr. Schmidt. He sounded very angry: “I refuse to do it! I don’t care who her father is. Her grades don’t even begin to compare to Martha’s. I won’t lie or falsify records. Martha has a straight A-plus average and you know it.” Mr. Boone’s voice was calm and quiet. “Look, Joanne’s father is on the Board. He owns the only store in town. We could say it was a close tie and …”

p. 115
6. I could not hear the rest of what he said clearly. But I could hear some words here and there. “Martha is Mexican …. resign … won’t do it…” Mr. Schmidt rushed down the opposite way and went into the auditorium. He did not see me.

I was shaking. I waited a few minutes and ran into the room and collected my bag. Mr Boone saw me, but did not say anything. To this day I don’t remember how I got through the PE. I went home very sad. I cried into the pillow so that Grandmother would not hear me.

7. It was a cruel coincidence that I heard that conversation. When the Principal called me to his office the next day, I knew what it was for. He looked unhappy and uncomfortable. I looked him straight in the eyes. He looked away and pretended to be looking at some papers.

He told me that there was a change in the policy regarding the scholarship jacket. It used to be free. But this year the Board has decided to charge 15 dollars which will not even cover the cost of the jacket.

8. I stared at him in shock. A sound of surprise came from my throat. He still avoided looking in my eyes. “He said that if I could not pay 15 dollars, it would be given to the next one in line. I knew who it was.

9. I told him that I would speak to my grandfather and let him know the next day. I cried as I was returning home from the bus stop. By the time I got home my eyes were red and puffy.

p. 116
I asked Grandmother where Grandpa was. He was working in the bean, field at the back of the house.

10. I met him there. He was walking between the rows of plants with a hoe in his hand. I went to him thinking how I could present my demand. There was a cool breeze and sweet smell of mesquite fruit in the air. I wanted that jacket so much. It represented 8 years of hard work and expectation. I knew I had to be honest with Grandpa. He saw my shadow and looked up.

11. I cleared my throat. I held my hands behind my back so that he would not see them shaking. I told him that I wanted to get a big favour from him. I spoke in Spanish. He knew only Spanish.

12. I explained to him that this year the scholarship jacket was not free. It would cost 15 dollars. If I didn’t pay the money tomorrow it would be given to somebody else. Grandpa looked up and leaned his chin on the hoe handle. He looked at the field and finally asked, “What does a scholarship jacket mean?”

13. I answered quickly: “It means you’ve earned it by having the highest grades for 8 years and that’s why they are giving it to you.” I realized the significance of the words too late. Grandpa said nothing and went back to weeding the field. Finally he spoke as I turned to leave, crying.

p. 111
“If you pay for it, Martha, it is not a scholarship jacket, is it? Tell your principal that I will not pay the 15 dollars.”

I walked back and locked myself in the bathroom for a long time. I was angry with Grandpa although knew he was right. I was angry with the Board. Why did they change the rule when it was my turn to get the jacket?

Those were days of belief and innocence. The next day I went to the Principal’s office very sad. This time he looked me in the eyes. When he asked what my grandfather said, I told him he would not pay the 15 dollars.

15. The Principal muttered something. He walked to the window and looked outside. He looked bigger than usual. He was a tall, thin and bony man with gray hair. Finally he asked, “Why won’t your grandfather pay? He.has a two-hundred acre ranch.”

16. I looked at him forcing my eyes to stay dry. Then I told him the reason grandfather gave for not paying. I stood up to leave. I told him: “I think you’ll have to give it to Joann.” It had just slipped out of my mouth. I was near the door when he called me, “Martha, wait.”

p. 118
17. I tumed and looked at him, waiting. What did he want now? My heart was pounding and something bitter tasting was in my mouth. I thought I would vomit. I did not want any sympathy speeches. He sighed loudly and went back to his desk. Then he told me that they would make an exception and give me the jacket.

18. I could hardly believe my ears. I thanked him. I felt great. I did not know about adrenalin then but I knew something was pumping inside me. I wanted to yell, jump, run, do something. I ran out so I could cry in the hall where nobody would see me. At the end of the day, Mr. Schmidt winked at me and said that he heard that I was getting the jacket.

19. His face looked happy. I gave him a quick hug and ran to the bus. I cried on the walk home again. This time I cried as I was happy. I ran into the field to tell Grandpa. I started pulling weeds. Grandpa worked alongside me for a few minutes. He did not ask what had happened. After collecting a pile of weeds I faced him. Then I told him what happened.

20. Grandpa said nothing. He gave me a pat on my shoulder and a smile. He wiped his sweat with the crumpled red handkerchief he always carried in his back pocket. He asked me to see if Grandma wanted any help with supper.

Iran back to the house whistling some silly tune.

The Scholarship Jacket Summary in Malayalam

The Scholarship Jacket Meanings of Words And Phases

You can Download The Ballad of Father Gilligan Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard English Solutions Unit 3 Chapter 2 The Ballad of Father Gilligan (Poem)

Std 10 English Textbook The Ballad of Father Gilligan Questions and Answers

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Poem Questions And Answers Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 1.
Why was Father Gilligan ‘weary night and day’?
Answer:
Father Gilligan was ‘weary night and day’ because half of his parishioners were either sick or dead. He had to perform his priestly duties to them and so he was tired day and night.

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 2.
What is the significance of the word ‘flock’?
Answer:
Flock is the collective noun meaning a collection of sheep. In Christianity, the parish priest is supposed to be the shepherd and the parishioners are the flock.

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Poem Appreciation Hsslive Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 3.
Why were his flock either in bed or lying under green sod?
Answer:
His flock were either in bed or lying under green sod because an epidemic had hit the parish. People were sick and dying.

Ballad Of Father Gilligan Question And Answers Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 4.
Why did another man send for Father Gilligan? Why is the man referred to as ‘poor’?
Answer:
Father Gilligan was needed to give the sick man his sacrament of ‘anointing the sick’. He is referred to as poor because he is poor in soul. A person with sin is supposed be poor in soul as he will not get heaven if he dies in a state of sin.

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Question Answers Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 5.
Why did Father Gilligan seek forgiveness from God? What justification does he give to God for his errant words?
Answer:
Father Gilligan seeks forgiveness from God because as a priest it is his obligation to go and give the sick man his last sacraments. But he is too tired to go. The justification he gives for his errant words is that the words were spoken by his body and not himself.

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Questions And Answers Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 6.
Why is the time called moth-hour?
Answer:
It is early evening and at this time moths are seen in large numbers.

Ballad Of Father Gilligan Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 7.
What is meant by ‘Upon the time of sparrow-chirp’?
Answer:
It refers to early morning when sparrows start chirping.

10th Class English The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Appreciation Question 8.
What does the line ‘And rode with little care’ indicate?
Answer:
He rode very fast, recklessly. He had failed to go when the call came and now he is rushing to reach the sick man as fast as he can.

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Poem Appreciation Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 9.
Why is the sick man’s wife surprised to see Father Gilligan?
Answer:
The sick man’s wife was surprised to see Father Gilligan because she thought he had come earlier and given the last sacraments to her dying husband. In fact it was an angel that came earlier and not Father Gilligan. She did not know that.

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Summary Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 10.
Why was the priest overcome with grief at the words of the widow?
Answer:
The priest was overcome with grief at the words of the widow because he had failed to come and do his duties. The man is dead.

Ballad Of Father Gilligan Appreciation Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 11.
‘He knelt him at that word.’Why?
Answer:
He knew that God had done a miracle to send an angel to do the work Fr. Gilligan must have done.

10th English The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Appreciation Question 12.
How did God save Father Gilligan from damnation?
Answer:
God saved FrGilligan from damnation by sending an angel to give the sacraments to the dying man. If the man had died without getting forgiveness for his sins, Fr. Gilligan would have been damned for neglecting his priestly duties.

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Summary In Malayalam Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 13.
‘He who hath made the night of stars/For souls who tire and bleed’. What do these lines mean?
Answer:
They mean that God made the beautiful night of stars so that the tired and suffering people can find some rest and comfort.

10th Class English The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
What do you understand about the character of Fr Gilligan from the words ‘Had pity on the least of things’?
Answer:
It shows Fr. Gilligan was very humble. He considers himself the least of things, an unimportant being. But God had pity on him and sent his angel to do his duties.

Activity 1

Kerala Sslc Ballad Of Father Gilligan Appreciation 10th Standard Question 1.
Answer the questions by choosing the most appropriate answer from the options given.
i. The people of Father Gilligan’s parish were ___________.
a) toiling in the field
b) suffering from an epidemic
c) celebrating Easter
d) nodding their chairs

ii. The old priest was ___________.
a) energetic
b) weary
c) fresh
d) angry

iii. Mavrone means __________.
a) My dear one
b) An expression of sorrow
c) God bless you
d) God be with you

iv. Father Gilligan awoke with a start, realising that he had not __________.
a) done his duty
b) roused his horse
c) finished his homework
d) said his prayers

v. The word ‘flock’ in the context of the poem means:
a) a flock of sheep
b) sparrows
c) stars in the sky
d) people in the parish

vi. Who is ‘wrapped in purple robes’?
a) Father Gilligan
b) The stars
c) God
d) Sparrows

vii. The expression ‘green sods’ refers to
a) graves covered over by green grass
b) the stars in the sky
c) the people in the parish
d) God’s angels

viii. What is referred to as ‘moth-hour of eve’?
a) dawn
b) noon
c) evening
d) the night of stars
Answer:
i) b. suffering from an epidemic.
ii) b. weary
iii) b. An expression of sorrow
iv) a. done his duty.
v) d. the people of the parish
vi) c. God
vii) a. graves covered over by green grass
viii) c. evening

Activity 2

Sslc English The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 2.
The poem is in the form of a ballad. A ballad is a poem or song narrating a story in short stanzas. Ballads are usually musical and dramatic. What are the features that make this poem a typical ballad?
The features are:
Answer:
The Ballad of Father Gilligan by W.B. Yates has many features of a typical ballad. It tells a story. It uses simple language. Ballad stanzas are used. It has fine rhythm and music. It has rhyme. The scheme is abcb. There is repetition. There are also dialogues.

Activity 3

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Notes Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 3.
How does Yeats describe the character of Fr Gilligan in the poem?
Complete the following word web.

Answer:

Activity 4

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Appreciation Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Question 4.
Read the poem again and pick out an instance of simile used in the poem.
Answer:
Simile – as merry as a bird.

Activity 5

Question 5.
Yeats uses a number of images in the poem to provide a sensory experience to the readers. Pick out instances of visual and auditory images from the poem.
Answer:

Activity 6

Read the explanations on below:
The old priest Peter Gilligan
Was weary night and dadayy
For half his flock were in their beds
Or under green sods lay.
Once, while he nodded in a chair
At the moth-hour of the eveeve
Another poor man sent for him,
And he began to grieve.grievegrieve
Pick out other rhyming words from the poem . Identify the rhyme scheme of the poem.
Answer:
die-l, asleep-peep, wind-mankind, more-floor, chair- care, fen-again, ago-fro, bird-word, bleed-need, care- chair

Rhyme Scheme: abcb

Activity 7 and 8

→ To be done by students orally in the class.

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan About the author:

– William Butler Yeats – 1865–1939

Yeats (1865-1939) is an Irish poet. In 1923 he received the Nobel Prize. In fact his greatest works came after he got the Nobel Prize. They are The Tower (1928) and The Winding Stair and Other Poems (1929).

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Summary in English

Page – 89

Stanza 1 & 2 :
Peter Gilligan was an old priest. He was tired day and night because half of his parishioners were either sick or dead. One evening he was sitting in a chair quite sleepy and tired when he was called to go and administer the sacrament of anointing the sick to a poor sick man. Father Gilligan was unhappy to be called at this time.

Page – 90

Stanza 3 & 4:
He murmured, “I have no rest, nor joy nor peace. People are going on dying.” After saying this he felt he should not have said it. He asks for forgiveness from God and said that it was his body, and not he, that made him say so. He knelt. Leaning on the chair he started praying. He soon fell asleep. Night came. Stars appeared in the sky.

Stanza 5 & 6 :
There were millions of stars. The wind shook the leaves. God covered the land with darkness and whispered to mankind. Early morning, when the sparrows began to chirp and moths came once again, Father Gilligan stood up on the floor.

Stanzas 7 & 8: “Alas, alas! The man may have died as I was sleeping,” he thought. He immediately took his horse and rushed to the place of the sick man. He rode very fast over the rocky paths and wetlands. The sick man’s wife opened the door. She was surprised and said, “Father, you have come again!

Page – 91

Stanzas 9 & 10 :
Father asked the woman about the sick man. She said he died an hour ago. Father was sad and he walked restlessly to and fro. The woman said that after the Father had left, the man died happily like a bird. On hearing these words, the Father knelt down. He knew that God had sent another priest in his place.

Stanzas 11 & 12 :
He prayed: “The One that has made the night of stars to comfort the souls that are tired and suffering sent one of his angels to help me in my need. God, who is dressed in purple robes, taking care of the planets, had pity on me, a small creature, and sent a priest tq do my work as I was asleep on a chair.”

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Summary in Malayalam

The Ballad Of Father Gilligan Glossary

You can Download दिशाहीन दिशा Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 4 Chapter 2 दिशाहीन दिशा (यात्रावृत्त)

दिशाहीन दिशा Text Book Questions and Answers

दिशाहीन दिशा विश्लेषणात्मक प्रश्न

Hsslive Guru 10th Hindi Kerala Syllabus  प्रश्ना 1.
घर में चलते समय मन में यात्रा की कोई बनी हुई रूप-रेखा नहीं थी।” – लेखक के इस कथन के आधार पर बताएँ कि किसी यात्रा पर जान से पहले यात्रा की रूप-रेखा बनाना ज़रूरी है?

उत्तर:
किसी यात्रा पर जाने से पहले यात्रा की रूपरेखा बनाना ज़रूरी है। यात्रा तो हम नई जगहों को पहचानने के लिए करते हैं। रूपरेखा बनाने से जगहों की सही जानकारी मिलती है. मसंदीदार जगह बड़ी चाव देख सकते हैं और अन्य जगह छोड भी सकते हैं। हम अपने समय का सही इस्तेमाल भी कर सकते हैं।

Hss Guru 10 Hindi Kerala Syllabus  प्रश्ना 2.
घने शहर की छोटी-सी तंग गली में पैदा हुए लेखक को कन्याकुमारी के विशाल समुद्र-तट के प्रति आत्मीयता का अनुभव होने का आधार क्या हो सकता है?

उत्तर:
नुभवहीन बातों पर ज़्यादा रुचि रखना स्वाभाविक है। विपरीत के प्रति आकर्षण होना स्वाभाविक ही है। किसी तंग गली में जन्म लेने से कन्याकुमारी के विशाल तट में अपनापन का भाव जागृत होगा।

Hss Live Guru 10th Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 3.
‘मगर बात करने की जगह उसने मेरा बिस्तर लपेटकर खिड़की से बाहर फेंक दिया और खुद : मेरा सूटकेस लिए नीचे उतर गया।’ अविनाश के इस आचरण से मोहन राकेश और अविनाश के बीच की मित्रता का क्या अंदाज़ा मिल जाता है?

उत्तर:
मोहन राकेश का एक दिली दोस्त है अविनाश। जब चाहे वह मोहन राकेश के साथ कोई भी आचरण कर सकता है। कुछ भी करने को उसके लिए स्वतंत्रता है। प्रस्तुत आचरण से उनके बीच का धनिष्ठ संबंध का परिचय मिलता है

10th Class Hindi Notes Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 4.
‘मगर आप चाहे तो चंद गज़लें तरन्नुम के साथ अर्ज कर सकता हूँ।’ इस कथन से आम जनता के साथ गज़लों के रिश्ते का क्या परिचय मिलता है?

उत्तर:
आम जनता गज़लों से खूब परिचित थे। गज़ल आम जनता की ही कविता है। वे उसे गाते रहते हैं। क्योंकि उतनी मार्मिकता उसमें है। इसलिए बूढ़ा मल्लाह अब्दुल जब्बार भी शायर गालिब से परिचित थे। गायक न होते हुए भी मल्लाह कुछ गज़लें पेश करने को तैयार भी हुआ।

10th Hindi Notes Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 5.
‘उसके खामोश हो जाने से सारा वातावरण ही बदल गया।’ – इससे आपने क्या समझा?


उत्तर:
बूढ़ा मल्लाह झूम-झूमकर गज़ल गा रहा था। लेखक और मित्र भी उसके गायन में विलीन हो गए। उसका गला काफ़ी अच्छा था, सुनाने का अंदाज़ा भी शायराना था। गाते समय रात, सर्दी, नाव का हिलना इन सबका अनुभव नहीं हो रहा था। अब होने लगा। झील का विस्तार भी उतनी देर के लिए सिमट गया था, अब खुल गया।

दिशाहीन दिशा Text Book Activities & Answers

Hsslive Guru Hindi 10 Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
संबंध पहचाने, सही मिलान करें।

उत्तर:

Hsslive 10th Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 2.
पढ़ें, यात्रावृत्त के आधार पर उचित वाक्यों पर सही का निशान ✓ लगाएँ।


उत्तर:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Notes प्रश्ना 3.
भोपाल ताल में अब्दुल जब्बार और अविनाश के साथ की सैर मोहन राकेश के लिए मज़ेदार थी। वे अपने अविस्मरणीय अनुभव दफ्तर के एक मित्र से बाँटना चाहते हैं। भोपाल ताल की सैर के अनुभवों का ज़िक्र करते हुए मित्र के नाम मोहन राकेश का पत्र लिखें।

उत्तर:
भोपाल,
30-12-1952
प्रिय जयप्रकाशजी,
आप कैसे हैं? दफ़्तर में सब कुशल है न? कुछ बातें आपसे बाँटना चाहता हूँ। सोचा कि एक चिट्ठी लिखू। अब मैं भोपाल में हूँ। मुंबई के रास्ते में था। डिब्बे में सोने के लिए सीट भी मिली थी। लेकिन रात आई तो मैं भोपाल ताल की एक नाव में लेटा बुढ़े मल्लाह अब्दुल जब्बार से गज़लें सुन रहा था।

भोपाल स्टेशन पर मित्र अविनाश ने मुझसे मिलने आया था। बात करने की जगह उसने मेरा बिस्तर लपेटकर खिड़की से बाहर फेंक दिया और खुद मेरा सूटकेस लिए हुए नीचे उतरा। रात ग्यारह बजे के बाद हम लोग घूमने निकले। जब भोपाल ताल के पास आया तो मन लगा कि नाव लेकर कुछ देर तक झील की सैर करें। अचानक अविनाश ने कहा कि कितना अच्छा होता अगर इस वक्त हम में से कोई कुछ गा सकता। हमारी नाव का मल्लाह अब्दुल जब्बार गायक तो नहीं, मगर उसने कुछ गज़लें तरन्नम के साथ पेश किया। उसका गला अच्छा था। सुनाने का अंदाज़ भी शायराना था। एक के बाद दूसरी फिर तीसरी। हम दोनों उसके गायन में विलीन हो गए थे। जब वह खामोश हो गया तो वातावरण ही बदल गया। रात, सर्दी का नाव का हिलना सबका अनुभव पहले नहीं हो रहा था, अब होने लगा। फिर उससे गालिब की गज़लें सुनाया गया। भोपाल-ताल की सैर मज़ेदार था, दिल को छूनेवाली थी। दफ्तर में सबको मेरा नमस्कार कहना। बाकी सब अगले पत्र में। तुरंत ही जवाबी पत्र की प्रतीक्षा करते हुए।

Hss Live Guru Hindi 10 Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 4.
पश्चिमी-तट की यात्रा निश्चय ही अवाच्य अनुभूति प्रदान करेगी। गोआ काफ़ी सुंदर जगह है। वहाँ की विशेषताओं को ध्यान में रखकर एक विवरणिका (ब्रॉशर) तैयार करें।

उत्तर:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Guide प्रश्ना 5.
चरित्र पर टिप्पणी लिखें।
बूढ़े मल्लाह ने एक गज़ल छेड़ दी। उसका गला काफ़ी अच्छा था और सुनाने का अंदाज़ | भी शायराना था। काफ़ी देर चप्पुओं को छोड़े वह झूम-झूमकर गज़लें सुनाता रहा।
‘दिशाहीन दिशाट के अब्दुल जब्बार का व्यक्तित्व बड़ा प्रभावशाली है। ये संकेत पढ़ें और अब्दुल जब्बार के चरित्र पर टिप्पणी लिखें।
1. गरीब
2. परिश्रमी .
3. खुशमिज़ाज .
4. सादा जीवन बितानेवाला
5. विनयशील .
6. गज़ल गायक

उत्तर:
गज़ल गायक – अब्दुलजब्बार
मोहनराकेश का यात्राविवरण ‘दिशाहीन दिशा’ के एक प्रभावशाली व्यक्ति है बूढ़ा मल्लाह श्री अब्दुल जब्बार । भोपाल-ताल की सैर में लेखक और मित्र का उनका परिचय होता है। हमेशा खुशमिज़ाज दिखाई पडनेवाला और सादा जीवन बितानेवाला था। दाढ़ी के ही नहीं छाति के भी बाल सफेद हो चुके थे। सर्दी के मौसम में भि सिर्फ तहमद लगाए आया था। भोपाल-ताल का नाविक अब्दुलजब्बार रात -दिन मेहनत करता रहता है। जब वह चप्पू चलाने लगता तो उसकी मांसपेशियाँ इस तरह हिलती जैसे उनमें फौलाद भरा हो । जब अविनाश गाने का आग्रह प्रकट किया तो बिना हिचक के तीन गज़लें छेड देता है। उसका गला काफ़ी अच्छा था। गज़लों से वह इतना परिचित था कि सुनाने का अंदाज़ भी शायराना था। कभी कभी नाव खोते समय चप्पुओं को छाड़े झूम-झूमकर गज़लें सुनाता था। असल में जब उसने गज़ले समाप्त की, वातावरण ही बदल गया था। अविनाश के अनुसार गालिब की चीज़ पेश करने को कहता है, तुरंत ही बिना एतराज के विनय के साथ गज़लें गाने लगा। मोटे तौर पर वह खुशमिज़ाज, विनयशील गरीब गज़लगायक अब्दुल जब्बार लेखक और मित्र के लिए उस रात अविस्मरणीय पात्र रहा।

10th Standard Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 6.
इंन शब्दों पर ध्यान दें :

इनके मूल शब्दों को पहचानें और परिवर्तन के कारण पर चर्च करें।

उत्तर:
मुझे — मैं
हमने — हम
उसमें — वह
उसकी — वह
इनका — ये
मुझसे — मैं
उसने — वह
किसका — कौन
मैं, हम, वह, ये, कौन आदि हिंदी के सर्वनाम है।
इन सर्वनाम के साथ कुछ प्रत्य लगाने से उपयुक्त शब्द मिलता है। इन्हें सर्वनाम का रूपांतरण कहते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए ‘मैं’ के साथ ‘को’ प्रत्यय लगाने से ‘मुझे’ या ‘मुझको’ शब्द मिलता है। मैं, हम, तू, तुम, आप, यह, ये, वह,वे, जो, कौन, कोई आदि हिंदी के सर्वनाम हैं।

Hindi Notes 10th Class Kerala Syllabus  प्रश्ना 7.
नमूने के अनुसार वाक्यों को बदलकर लिखें, अर्थ-भेद भी समझें।


उत्तर:

Standard 10 Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 8.
मान लें आप दिसंबर की छुट्टियों में दिल्ली जा रहे हैं। इसके लिए क्या-क्या पूर्व तैयारियाँ करेंगे। इस चार्ट की पूर्ति करें।

उत्तर:

दिशाहीन दिशा Additional Questions and Answers

10th Standard Hindi Meaning Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
‘तीसरी गज़ल सुनकर वह खामोश हो गया। उसके खामोश हो जाने से सारा वातावरण ही बदल गया।’ बूढ़े मल्लाह अब्दुल जब्बार के साथ हुई भोपाल-ताल की सैर के बारे में लेखक अपनी डायरी में कुछ लिखते है। वह डायरी तैयार करें।

26 दिसंबर 1952.
कल जो भोपाल- ताल की यात्रा करने का मन हुआ वह अविस्मरणीय रहा। रात साढ़े ग्यारह बजे मैं अविनाश के साथ भोपाल-ताल पर यात्रा की। हमारा मल्लाह अब्दुलजब्बार नामक एक बूढ़ा था। वह बहुत खुशमिज़ाज नज़र आया। अविनाश के आग्रह प्रकट करते ही उसने तीन गज़लें छेड़ दी। वाह ! हम उसपर विलीन हो गए थे। रात, सर्दी एवं नाव के हिलने का अंदाज़ा पहले नहीं हुआ था। झील का विस्तार भी गाते समय सिमट गया था। उसका गला काफ़ी अच्छा था। सुनाने का अंदाज़ भी शायराना था। नाव चलाने का बीच काफ़ी देर चप्पुओं को छोडे वह झूम -झूमकर गज़लें सुनाता रहा। तेज़ गर्मी में भी बेचारा सिर्फ एक तहमद लगाए बैठा था। जब वह चप्पू चलाने लगता तो उसकी मांसपेशियाँ इस तरह हिल्ती जैसे उनमें फौलाद भरा हो। मैं और अविनाश उसके गज़ल गायन में इतना विलीन हो गए थे कि लौट जाने की बात ही नहीं सोचा था। आगे उसने गालिब की गज़ल पैश की – “मुद्दत हुई है यार को मेहमाँ किए हुए……”! आहा! क्या बात है! यह दुनीया ही कुछ और है।

Hsslive Hindi 10th Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 2.
रात को ग्यारह के बाद हम घूमने निकले। भोपाल ताल के पास पहूँचे तो मन हो आया कि नाव लेकर कुछ देर झील की सैर की जाए। प्रस्तुत घटना को लेकर पटकथा का एक दृश्य लिखें।
दृश्य।:

दृश्य का विवरणः
(भोपाल ताल में नाव खोते हुए एक बूढ़ा मल्लाह नज़र आ रहा है। नाव में मोहनराकेश और मित्र अविनाश है। मोहनराकेश लेटे हुए है। मल्लाह सिर्फ तहमद पहना हुआ है। कडी सर्दी है। अविनाश गज़ल गाने का आग्रह प्रकट करता है। बूढ़ा मल्लाह गाने की धुन में है)

मोहनराकेश : बडी सुहानी रात है, कडी सर्द भी है।
अविनाश : हाँ, अगर हममें से कोई इस वक्त कोई गाना पेश करें तो कितना अच्छा होता।
अब्दुलजब्बार : मैं गा तो नहीं सकता, हुजूर ।
अविनाश : फिर भी कुछ प्रयास करें।
अब्दुलजब्बार : कुछ गज़लें तरन्नुम के साथ पेश करने का प्रयास करूँ?
मोहनराकेश
और अविनाश : (एकसाथ) ज़रूर, ज़रूर ।
(बूढा मल्लाह ताल- लय के साथ गज़लें गाने लगता है।)

दिशाहीन दिशा Summary in Malayalam and Translation

दिशाहीन दिशा शब्दार्थ

Kerala SSLC Class 10 Hindi Solutions

You can Download Chemical Messages for Homeostasis Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Solutions Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Solutions Chapter 3 Chemical Messages for Homeostasis

Chemical Messages for Homeostasis Text Book Questions and Answers

Chemical Messages For Homeostasis Kerala Syllabus 10th Question 1.
Which are the hormones you know? List them?
Answer:

• Insulin
• Thyroxine
• Oestrogen

Hormones:
The endocrine glands play a vital role in coordinating and controlling life activities. Secretions of endocrine glands are called hormones. There secretions are chemical substances that belong to different categories such as proteins, peptides, steroids, fatty acids, etc. Endocrine glands do not have particular ducts carry hormones to various tissues. Hence they are known as ductless glands. Hormones are transported through blood. As these substances regulate cellular activities, they can be called chemical messages to cell.

Chemical Messages for Homeostasis Hormones In Target Cells

The cell which are acted upon by hormones are called target cells. Only cells having specific receptors can receive a particular hormone. A hormone-receptor complex is formed by the combination of each hormone molecule and its receptor. Following this, enzymes are activated within the cell. As a result, certain changes occur in cellular activities.

After Digestion

Pancreas helps in the digestive process. It functions as an endocrine gland too. It secretes two hormones namely insulin and glucagon.
The beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans glucagon.

Action of insulin and glucagon:

Sslc Biology Chapter 3 Questions And Answers Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Complete the illustration by including the production of hormones that regulate the level of glucose.
Answer:

Sslc Biology Chapter 3 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
How is the level of glucose in the blood maintained while fasting? Discuss
Answer:
When the level of glucose increases in blood the cells in the Islets of Langerhans produce insulin which converts the excess glucose into glycogen, protection and lipids.

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is clinically referred to as a condition when the level of glucose before breakfast is above 126 mg/100ml of blood. It is caused either by decreased production of insulin or it$ malfunctioning. Symptoms: Increased appetite and thirst, Frequent urination, Traces glucose in urine Diabetes can be controlled through medicine, diet control and insulin injections.

Biology Class 10 Chapter 3 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
The increase of glucose in blood is said to be diabetes. Shouldn’t one be more energetic if the glucose level in his/her blood rises? What is your opinion? Write them down in your science diary.
Answer:
No. One be more should not energetic if the glucose level in his or her blood. Persons with diabetes experience loss of body weight, weakening of muscles and tiredness.

Regulation Of Metabolism

The anabolic and catabolic processes taking place in the body are metabolism. The thyroid gland is the endocrine gland contrails the metabolic process.

Functions of thyroxine:

10th Class Biology Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
How would be body activities be affected if sufficient amount of thyroxine is not produced?
Answer:

• Low energy production
• Bloating of body
• Slowing down of heartbeat
• Loss of appetite, lethargy
• Dry skin

Undersecretion of thyroxine – Hypothyroidism:
The deficiency of thyroxine during the fetal stage or infancy leads to mental retardation and stunted growth. This condition is cretinism. Lack of thyroxine in adults leads to myxoedema.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism:

• Low metabolic rate
• Sluggishness
• Sleeplessness
• Increase in body weight
• Hypertension
• Oedema

Oversecreation of thyroxine – Hyperthyroidism:
The condition in which all life activities controlled by thyroxine are accelerated due to the excessive production of thyroxine is referred to hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism:

• High metabolic rate
• Rise in body temperature
• Excessive sweating
• Increased heartbeat
• Sleeplessness
• Weight loss
• Emotional imbalance

Goitre:
Iodine is essential for the production of thyroxine. The production of thyroxine is obstructed in the absence of iodine. In an attempt to produce more thyroxine; the thyroid gland enlarges. This condition is called goitre.

Chemical Messages For Homeostasis Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
What is the importance of thyroxine in controlling life activities?
Answer:
Thyroxine is a hormone that influences metabolism in our body to a great extent.

Biology 3rd Chapter 10th Class Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
What are the problems caused by excessive production of thyroxine?
Answer:

• Energy production increases and body weight decreases
• Increased heartbeat
• Increased appetite
• Shivering of hands and profuse sweating
• Persistent hyperthyroidism may lead to Graves disease, characterized by exophthalmic goiter.

Sslc Biology Chapter 3 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
What are the problems due to thyroxine deficiency?
Answer:
The deficiency of thyroxine retards mental and physical growth of children. This condition is called cretinism. In adults the deficiency of thyroxine results in a disease called myxoedema.

Sslc Biology Chapter 3 Solutions Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
How is iodine related to thyroid gland?
Answer:
Iodine is essential for the production of thyroxine. The production of thyroxine is obstructed in the absence of iodine.

Calcitonin:
It helps in maintaining the level of calcium in blood by depositing excess calcium in bones and by preventing the mixing of calcium with blood, from the bones.

Parathyroid Gland

The parathyroid gland is situated behind the thyroid gland. This gland secretes a hormone called parathormone. The function of this hormone is to raise the level of calcium in blood

Sslc Biology Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Complete the illustration showing the maintenance of the level of calcium in blood by the action of calcitonin and parathormones
Answer:

The hormone only upto youth:
Thymus gland:
The thymus gland is situated just below the sternum. The major function of thymus gland is to control, the activities and maturation of lymphocytes which help to impart immunity. This gland secretes thymosin, which is active during infancy. Hence it is known the ‘youth hormone’.

During Emergencies

These glands are situated above the kidneys. The outer part of the adrenal gland is known as the cortex and inner part is medulla. The adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone, cortisol and sex hormones. Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Class 10 Biology Notes Chapter 3 Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
The structure of the adrenal glands and the hormones produced by them are illustrated below. On the basis of the indicators given, discuss and write down the notes in the science diary.

i) Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex
ii) The function of cortisol
iii) Maintenance of salt-water balance in the body
iv) The function of epinephrine and norepinephrine during emergencies.
Answer:
(i) Aldosterone and sex hormones are the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex.
ii) The synthesis of glucose from protein and fat controls inflammation and allergy, slows down the action of defense cells.
iii) Aldosterone is the hormone that helps to maintains salt-water balance in the body by restating the lose of Na⁺ ions and by promoting the elimination of K⁺ ions through sweat, urine, etc.
iv) Epinephrine acts along with the sympathetic nervous system during emergencies. Thus we can resist or withdraw ourselves from such situations. Norepinephrine acts along with epinephrine.

Biological Clock

Pineal gland is seen in centre of the brain. It secretes the hormone, melatonin which helps in maintaining the rhythm of our daily activities. The production of melatonin is high at night and low during the day. When the level of melatonin increases we feel sleepy and when it decreases we wake up. This hormone also controls reproductive activities of organisms.

Behind Growth

Pituitary gland is a bibbed gland situated just below the hypothalamus in the brain. The anterior lobe produces tropic hormones which regulate the functions of other glands. The posterior lobe stores the hormones which are produced in the hypothalamus.

Chemical Messages For Homeostasis Questions And Answers Question 12.
The hormones produced by the anterior lobe is listed in table. Analyse-it and complete the following worksheet in the science diary.


Answer:
A – Stimulates the activity of thyroid giand
B – AdrenoCortico Tropic Hormone(ACTH)
C – Gonado Tropic Hormone(GTH)
D – Stimulates the activity of ovaries
E – Production of milk
F – Growth Hormone (GH) or Somatotropic Hormone (STH)

Hss Live Guru 10th Biology Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
How the variation in the production of somatotropin affects growth.
Answer:
Somatotropin promotes growth of the body during its growth phase. If the production of this hormone increases during the growth phase, it leads to the excessive growth of the body. This condition is gigantism. It causes another stage called dwarfism when its production decreases during the growth phase. Acromegaly is the condition caused by the excessive production of somatotropin after the growth phase. It is characterized by the growth of the bones on face, jaws and fingers.
The Posterior Lobe of pituitary gland – A storage center

The hormones oxytocin and vasopressin, which are secreted from the posterior lobe of the pituitary are actually produced in the neuro-secretory cells of the hypothalamus. The posterior lobe stores these two hormones and Releases them into blood when required.

Hss Live Guru 10 Biology Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Observe the table and write down your inferences in the science diary.

Answer:
Oxytocin and vasopressin are secreted from the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior lobe of pituitary gland. Through the connecting nerve fibers they are transported to pituitary gland. Oxytocin facilitates childbirth by stimulating the contraction of smooth muscles in the uterine wall and facilitates lactation. Vasopressin helps in the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.

Biology Chapter 3 Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Observe illustration given below which shows the action of vasopressin in kidneys. Based on the indicators given discuss and write a note in science diary.

i) The functions of vasopressin in kidneys
ii) The reason for excessive production of urine during the rainy season
iii) The role of vasopressin in preventing loss of water from the body.
iv) Diabetes insipidus
Answer:
i) The hormone vasopressin regulator reabsorption of water and minerals from the glomerular filtrate.. When there is a reduction in the amount of water in blood, the production of vasopression increased. It accelerates the rate of reabsorption of water. When the quantity of water in blood increases the production of vasopressin decreases. As a result, the rate of reabsorption is also reduced.

ii) During rainy season, sweat production reduces. So the water loss through sweat is decreased. It wingcase the quantity of water in our body Comparatively high. Such situations demand elimination of excess water through urine.

iii) The production of vasopressin increases when there is a need to reduce loss of water through urine. As a result of this, more water is reabsorbed to the blood from kidneys, Thereby the loss of water through urine is reduced and regulate water loss in our body.

iv) The rate of resorption of water in the kidney is decreased when there is no sufficient amount of vasopressin. Hence excess amount of urine is excreted. This condition is called diabetes insipidus Symptoms include frequent urination.

Behind Sexual Characteristics

Testes and ovary, the male and female sex organs respectively, secrete different types of hormones.

Prepare a table by including hormone, centre of production and function:

Prime Controller

Oxytocin and vasopressin are secreted by the hypothalamus. In addition to this hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland by secreting a variety of releasing hormone are inhibitory hormones.

Biology Chapter 3 Class 10 Notes Kerala Syllabus  Question 16.
Observe the illustration given below on the functions of releasing hormones and inhibitory hormones. On the basis of indicatiors discuss and writes it down in the science diary.

i) Action of releasing hormone
ii) Influence of tropic hormones in different glands.
iii) Action of inhibitory hormones
Answer:
i) Stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary and secretes tropic hormones.
ii) Tropic hormones stimulate the production of hormones of certain other important glands.
iii) Inhibits the production of tropic hormones in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Chemical Messages For Communication

Pheromones: Pheromones are chemical substances that are secreted in trace amounts to the surrounding in order to facilitate communication among organisms. Pheromones help in attracting mates, to inform the availability of food, to determine the path of travel and to inform about dangers.
Eg:- Musk in the nusk deer, civet on in civet cat, Bombycol in female silkworm.

Plant Hormones

There are certain chemical substances in plant cells to control and co-ordinate life activities. These are also called plant growth regulators.

Question 17.
Observe the illustration, which show plant hormones and their functions and complete the following table suitably.


Answer:
a) Cell growth, cell elongation, fruit formation
b) Controls the dormancy of embryo in the seeds, dropping to leaves and fruits wilting of leaves, flowering, etc.
c) Gibberellins
d) Promotes cell division cell growth
e) Ethylene.

Artifical Plant Hormones

Auxins: NaphtheleneAceticAcid (NAA), Indol Butyric Acid (IBA), etc., are used for sprouting and the prevention of dropping of premature fruits. 2.4-D (2, 4-Dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) is used as a weedicide.

Gibberellins: It is used for increasing fruit size in grapes and apple and also for preventing ripening of fruits to assist in marketing.

Abscisic acid: As it accelerates the dropping of fruit, it is used for harvesting fruits at the same time.

Ethylene: Ethylene is used for the flowering of pineapple plants at a time and for the ripening of tomato, lemon, orange, etc. Ethyphon, a chemical which is available in liquid form gets transformed into ethylene when used in rubber trees, and it increases the production of latex.

Chemical Messages for Homeostasis Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Identifying the word-pair relationship and fill in the blank.
Thyroxine: Thyroid gland
Epinephrine:…………..
Answer:
Adrenal gland

Question 2.
Analyze the information given in the box and answer the questions.
X- The production of this hormone is more in night and less in day time.
Y – Hormones from the adrenal gland work along with the sympathetic system.
(a) Identify and name the hormone ‘X’ and its gland.
(b) Identify the hormones indicated as ‘Y’.
Answer:
a) Melatonin pineal gland
b) Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
c) Norepinephrine (Noradrenline)

Question 3.
Analyse the illustration and complete the table appropriately.


Answer:

Question 4.
The hormone that helps in the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
a) TSH
b) ACTH
c) ADH
d) GTH
Answer:
ADH

Chemical Messages for Homeostasis Extended Activities

1. Conduct a seminar on the topic – The role of the Endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis’.
Main points:-

• Situations which lead to change in homeostasis
• How is homeostasis reinstated
• Harmonious co-existence

2. Conduct a debate on ‘Use of artificial plant hormones – problems and possibilities’.

3. Collect information about novel laboratory tests related to diagnosis of diabetes and conduct an exhibition on World Diabetes Day.

Chemical Messages for Homeostasis More Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Correct the sentence if it is wrong
1. Endocrine glands are ductless glands
2. The alpha cells in the Islets of Langerhans secrete insulin.
3. Aldosterone slows down the action of defense cells.
4. Anti Diuretic hormone helps in the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
5. Hypothalamus secretes inhibitory hormones which stimulate the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
Answer:
1. Endocrine glands are ductless glands
2. The beta cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin.
3. Cortisol slows down the action of defense cells.
4. Anti Diuretic hormone helps in the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.
5. Hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Question 2.
Endocrine glands are called ductless glands. Why?
Answer:
Endocrine glands do not have particular ducts to carry hormones to various tissues. Hence they are called ductless glands.

Question 3.
Name the hormone-producing centers situated in the brain?
Answer:
Hypothalamus, pituitary, Pineal

Question 4.
The gland which is active only during infancy?
Answer:
Thymus

Question 5.
Though hormones reach every part of the body through the blood, all hormones do not act upon all cell. Explain the reason.
Answer:|
The cell which are acted upon by hormones are called target cells. Only cells having specific receptors can receive a particular hormone. A hormone-receptor complex is formed by the combination of each hormone molecule and its receptor. Following this, enzymes are activated withfn the cell. As a result, certain changes occur in cellular activities.

Question 6.
Name the digestive gland which is also functioning as an endocrine gland?
Answer:
Pancreas

Question 7.
What is the normal level of glucose in blood? How is this level maintained?
Answer:
The normal level of glucose is 70-110 mg/100 ml blood. The level of glucose in blood is maintained by the combined action of insulin and glucagon of the Islets of Langerhans tissues of the pancreas. Insulin, released from the beta cells of Islets of Langerhans, helps to reduce blood sugar by accelerating the process of cellular uptake of glucose and Conversion of glucose in to glycogen. When blood glucose level falls, glucagon, released from the alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans, converts glycogen to glucose and synthesizes glucose from amino acids.

Question 8.
Suppose a person is fasting in a day and takes heavy food on the very next day. How is the level of glucose in his body is maintained in these two days?
Answer:
While fasting glucagon converts glycogen or amino acids into glucose. When taking heavy food insulin enhances cellular uptakes of glucose and converts glucose into glycogen.

Question 9.
Diabetic patients frequently take insulin injections. Give reason?
Answer:
Insulin is helpful to reduce the excess glucose in the blood and to maintain its normal level

Question 10.
If the level of glucose increases one feels hunger, thirsty and fatigue instead of becoming energetic. Give reason?
Answer:
Increasing the level of glucose in blood adversely affects the normal functioning of the cells.

Question 11.
A doctor advised one of his patients to use iodized salt and to include more leafy vegetables and marine items in his diet. What should be reason for this recommendation?
Answer:
To prevent goitre. Deficiency of iodine may cause Goitre, a disorder affects on thyroid gland.

Question 12.
Under secretion of thyroxine: Hypothyroidism
Over secretion of thyroxine: ……………..?
Answer:
Hyperthyroidism

Question 13.
Overproduction, as well as underproduction of the hormone thyroxine, may lead to disorders’. Substantiate.
Answer:
Deficiency of thyroxine (Hypothyroidism) leads to cretinism in infants and myxoedema in adults. Excess production of thyroxine (Hyperthyroidism) leads to a condition, known as the Graves disease.

Question 14.
Persistent hyperthyroidism may leads to ……………. disease characterized by bulging of the eye balls.
Answer:
Graves disease

Question 15.
What is the normal level of calcium in the blood? How is this level maintained?
Answer:
9-11 mg/100 ml blood.
When the level of calcium in blood increases, thyroid gland secretes a hormone named calcitonin. It lowers the level of calcium in blood by depositing excess calcium in bones and by preventing the mixing of calcium with blood form the bones. When the level of calcium in blood decreases, parathyroid gland secretes parathormone. It increases blood calcium by reabsorbing it from the kidneys and also preventing the deposition of calcium in bones.

Question 16.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:
A. Medulla
B. Aldosterone
C. Cortisol
D. Norepinephrine

Question 17.
Overproduction of parathormone can weaken the bones. Why?
Answer:
The hormone, parathormone prevents the deposition of calcium in bones resulting its weakening.

Question 18.
The hormone which can be used to prevent allergy and inflammation? Can this hormone be given to diabetic patients? Why?
Answer:
Cortisol of adrenal gland. It cannot be given to diabetic patients as it increases the level of glucose in blood.

Question 19.
The pineal gland is known as the ‘biological clock’ in the body. Why?
Answer:
Melatonin, the secretion of the pineal gland helps to . maintain rhythm of our daily activities. Therefore pineal gland is called as the biological clock.

Qn. 20
What are the hormones of hypothalamus stored in the posterior lobe of pituitary gland? Mention its functions.
Answer:
Oxytocin – Facilitates childbirth by stimulating the contraction of smooth muscles in the uterine wall and also facilitates lactation Vasopressin (Anti Diuretic Hormone) – Helps in the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.

Question 21.
Give reasons.
Some times certain pregnant women need to take oxytocin injection.
Answer:
Oxytocin facilitates childbirth by stimulating the contraction of smooth muscles in the uterine wall. It also facilitates lactation.

Question 22.
Point out the functions of releasing hormones and inhibitory hormones.
Answer:
Releasing Hormones: Stimulate the anterior lobe of the pituitary to secretes tropic hormones and other hormones.
Inhibitory Hormones: Inhibit the production of tropic hormones and other hormones from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Question 23.
What is the reason behind the difference in the quantity of urine during summer and rainy season?
Answer:
The production of vasopressin is high during summer season where water loss is excessive through sweat. But its production is less during winter and rainy seasons and there is difference in the quantity of urine during summer and rainy seasons.

Question 24.
Why do Vasopressin is known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Answer:
Because vasopressin retains the quantity of water by inducing the kidneys to reabsorb it.

Question 25.
Complete the following table related with the hormonal functions of our sex organs.

Answer:

Question 26.
Identify the hormone defects concern with the following hints.
a) Insulin injection
b) Treatment using thyroxine
c) Food and medicine containing calcium
d) Seafood, vegetable and iodized salt.
Answer:
a) Diabetes
b) Myxoedema
c) Osteoporosis
d) Goiter

Question 27.
How is homeostasis of the body maintained?
Answer:
Homeostasis of the body maintained by the combined action of the quick nervous system and the slow endocrine system.

Question 28.
How are pheromones useful to animals?
Answer:
Pheromones help in attracting mates, to inform the availability of food, to determine the path of travel and to inform about dangers.

Question 29.
A farmer says pest control is made possible using pheromones. Can you say how?
Answer:
Artificial pheromones are used for pest control in agricultural field.

Question 30.
Identify the plant hormone that performs the following functions.
a) flowering and growth of leaves
b) ripening of fruits
c) dropping of leaves and fruits
d) growth of terminal bud.
Answer:
a) Gibberellin
b) Ethylene
c) Abscisic acid/ ethylene in excess amount.
d) Auxin

Question 31.
Site examples of situations where artificial plant hormones are applied widely.
Answer:
Ethylene is used for the flowering of pineapple plants at a time and for the ripening of tomato, lemon, orange, etc.
Ethyphon, a chemical which is available in liquid form gets transformed into ethylene when used in rubber trees, and it increases the production of latex.

Auxins: Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA), Indol Butyric Acid (IBA) etc. are used for sprouting and the prevention of dropping of premature fruits. 2,4- D (2, 4-Dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) is used as a weedicide.

Gibberellins: Used for increasing fruit size in grapes and apple and also for preventing ripening of fruits to assist in marketing.

Abscisic acid: As it accelerates the dropping of fruit, it is used for harvesting fruits at the same time.

Question 32.
The following figure shows the relationship of hypothalamus with an endocrine gland. (Model 2016)

a) Write down the name of endocrine gland marked as X
b) Write down the name of hormone produced the A and B.
c) Mention the functions of hormones produced the B.
Answer:
Answer:
a) Pituitary gland
b) A – Tropic hormone
B – Oxytocin and vasopressin
c) Oxytocin helps to contraction of smooth muscles and vasopressin helps in the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.

Question 33.
Artificial hormones should be handled with care. What is your opinion?
Answer:
This statement is correct. Though artificial hormones are useful they should be handled with care as they are chemicals, which may cause health and environmental issues.

Question 34.
…………….. is used for increasing fruit size in grapes and apple.
Answer:
Gibberellins

Question 35.
………….. is a plant hormone, used for harvesting fruits in a field at the same time.
Answer:
Abscisic acid

Question 36.
The quantity of urine excreted by a person in different seasons is given below. Analyse-it and answer the following questions. (Model 2016)

a) Write down the climate B and C
b) Analyse the difference shown in B and C and write down its reasons.
c) Which hormone is responsible for the excretion of excess water through urine.
Answer:
a) B – Rainy season or winter season, C – Summer season
b) In rainy season production of vasopressin is less it decreases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. So raises the quantity of urine. In summer season production of vasopressin increases. It increases the reabsorption of water in kidneys and lowers the quantity of urine.
c) ADH or vasopressin

Question 37.
Given below is the blood test result of a person. Analyze the result and answer the following questions? (Model 2016)
Glucose – 200mg/100ml
Calcium -11 mg/100ml
a) Name the disease of the man mentioned in the test report.
b) Write down the name of hormone which related to this disease.
c) What is the cause of this disease?
Answer:
a) Diabetes mellitus
b) Insulin
c) It is caused either by the decreased production of insulin or its malfunctioning

Question 38.

a) Complete the table based on the hormone somatotropin (Model 2014)
b) This hormone is not a tropic hormone. Why?
Answer:
a) (i) X-dwarfism 1) become dwarfs due to stunted growth of bones
ii) Y – gigantism 2) Growing tall with a heavy body
iii) Z-acromegaly 3) enlargement of internal organs and thickening of bones, especially in hands feet and face.

b) Somatotropin does not induce any other endocrine gland to release its hormone

Question 39.
The quantity of urine excreted by a person in different seasons is given below. Analyse-it and answer the following questions. (Model 2014)

a) Which is the coldest season?
b) Which hormone is responsible for the variation in quantity of urine?
c) How this hormone regulates water level of the body.
Answer:
a) Season 3
b) ADH/Vasopressin
c) This hormone promotes reabsorption of water from renal tubules when normal level of water in blood decreases. The rate of reabsorption of water in the kidney is decreased when there is no sufficient amount of vasopressin.

Question 40.
Some hormones are given below. Make them into 4 pairs. Give reasons for pairing. (Model 2014)


basis pairing:- Products of same gland

Question 41.
Observe the chart (March 2013)

Write down the climate A and B
Answer:
A-Summer season
B – Rainy season or winter

Question 42.
Changes in the number of hormones produced will affect our bodily activities. Write down the changes occur in our body by the increase and decrease of the hormones given below.
a) Parathormone
b) Vasopressin
Answer:
a) Increase of parathormone – Bones fragile stones in urinary tract, high blood calcium
Decrease of parathormone – Blood calcium level decrease and it leads to tetany

b) Vasopressin
Production of vasopressin increases It accelerate the rate of reabsorption of water from kidney. So the loss of water through urine is reduced.
Production of vasopressin decreased The rate of reabsorption is reduced and more water discharged out through urine.

Question 43.
Rearrange B, C and D according to the data given A

Answer:

Question 44.
“It is now that I understand why the cock crows early in the morning every day”. Anu said this during a classroom discussion on the rhythm of physiological activities.
a) Which is the hormone that regulates such activities?
b) Which gland secretes this hormone.
c) Write down more examples for such activities
Answer:
a) Melatonin
b) Pineal gland
c) It regulates the rhythm of life, reproductive activities of organisms with definite reproductive periods.

Question 45.
Fill up the blanks (Model 2012)

Answer:
a) Thyroxine
b) Thyroid
c) Insulin
d) Diabetes
e) Pituitory gland
f) Dwarfism

Question 46.
Fill up the blanks

Answer:
a) – Gibberellin
b) – Helps in the ripening of fruits
c) – Abscisic acid

Chemical Messages for Homeostasis SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the illustration given below and explain how hormones act in target cells.

Answer:
The cell which are acted upon by hormones are called target cells. Only cells having specific receptors can receive a particular hormone. A hormone-receptor complex is formed by the . combination of each hormone molecule and its receptor. Following this, enzymes are activated within the cell. As a result, certain changes occur in cellular activities.

Question 2.
Some statements relate to endocrine system are given below. (Question Pool 2017)
A. Hormones are the secretions of endocrine glands.
B. Hormones are transported through lymph.
C. Hormones are transported through blood.
D. All the harmonies produced by the endocrine glands are proteins.
a) Choose the correct statement.
b) Imagine that particular hormone is not entering a particular cell. What may be the reason? Formulate two hypotheses.
Answer:
a) A, C
c) Receptors of that hormone in not in the cell

Question 3.
Examine the graph indicating the blood glucose level of different individuals before breakfast. (Question Pool 2017)

a) Which individual is affected by diabetes mellitus?
b) Write two actions of insulin to prevent the rise in the level of glucose in blood.
c) Why do people having diabetes mellitus experience extreme fatigue?
Answer:
a) (B)
b) 1. Enhances the entry glucose into the cell.
2. Converts glucose to glycogen in liver and muscles.
c) Sufficient quantity of glucose i not reaching the cell. Energy production decreases. Excess amount of glucose is eliminated through urine.

Question 4.
Case sheets of two patients are given below. Analyze them and answer the questions. (Question Pool 2017)

a) Which are the diseases whose symptoms are indicated above?’
b) Write the reasons for the diseases.
Answer:
a) Case -1 cretinism;
Case – 2 graves disease

b) Case -1 reasons
Deficiency of thyroxine during foetal stage and infancy.
Case-2 reasons
1. Persistent hyperthyroidism
2. Excessive production of thyroxine.

Question 5.
Analyse the table given below. Rearrange column Band C according to the indicators in Column A. (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:
1 – (b) – (r)
2 – (c) – (p)
3 – (a) – (q)

Question 6.
Honey bees and termites live in colonies. (Question Pool 2017)
a) Name the chemical substance which helps them to live together.
b) Mention two uses of these chemical substances.
Answer:
a) Pheromones
b) 1. attracting mates
2. informing availability of food
3. determining the path of travel
4. informing the dangers

Question 7.
Observe the diagram and answer the questions. (Question Pool 2017)

a) Which endocrine gland does ‘X’ indicate?
b) Which are the two hormones produced by the gland to control the physical activities with the sympathetic system?
Answer:
a) Adrenal gland
b) Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

Question 8.
Maintenance of the level of calcium in the blood is illustrated below. Analyse-it and answer the following questions. (Question Pool 2017)

a) Name the hormone indicated as X’.
b) Which gland produces the hormone ‘Y’?
c) Write another activity performed by ‘X’ to raise the level of calcium in blood.
Answer:
a) Parathormone
b) Thyroid gland
c) Helps in the reabsorption of calcium from kidneys.

Question 9. (
Observe the diagram of the endocrine gland given below and answer the question. (Question Pool 2017)

a) Name the part indicated as A and B.
b) Name the hormones synthesized by A. Explain their action.
Answer:
a) A Medulla
B Cortex
b) Epinephrine, Norepinephrine
Epinephrine – Helps to tide over emergency situations
Norepinephrine – acts along with epinephrine

Question 10.
An individual loses large quantities of water through urine (Question Pool 2017)
a) Which could be the disease?
b) Analyze the conditions that lead to this disease.
Answer:
a) Diabetes insipidus
b) ADH is synthesized by hypothalamus.
ADH increases the reabsorption of water into the kidney.
Synthesis of ADH decreases.

Question 11.

a) Identify X and Y. (Question Pool 2017)
b) What is the function of ‘Y’?
Answer:
a) Portal vein – X
Posterior lobe of pituitary – Y
b) Stores the hormones vasopressin and oxytocin synthesized by hypothalamus and releases them into blood when required.

Question 12.
Given in the table below is to growth hormone. Complete the table suitably. (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:
a) dwarfism
b) Excessive production of growth hormone during the growth phase.
c) Excessive production of somatotropin after the growth phase.
d) Growth of the bones on face, jaws and fingers.

Question 13.
Given below is a doctor’s comment at a seminar conducted as part of Diabetic day.
“In diabetic patients, the blood glucose level before breakfast is above 126mg/100ml.
Analyse the statement and enlist the reasons.
Answer:

• Decreased production of insulin
• Malfunctioning of insuline
• Destruction of Beta Cells
• Inactive insulin

Question 14.
Given below are a few statements related to hormones. Pick out the correct ones. (Question Pool 2017)
a) Estrogen helps to maintain embryo in the uterus.
b)Progesterone facilitates childbirth.
c) Prolactin helps in the production of milk.
d) Oxytocin n faci itates I a citation.
Answer:
c, d

Question 15.
Analyze the statements given below and write the reason. (Question Pool 2017)
a) Oxytocin is injected in pregnant women during childbirth, (delivery)
b) Feels sleepy during night, wakeup when day breaks.
Answer:
a) Facilitates childbirth by stimulating the contraction of smooth muscles in the uterine wall.
b) When the level of melatonin increases at night, we feel sleepy,
We wake up when the level of melatonin decreases during the day.

Question 16.
Analyse the table and identify the correct pair. (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:
a) Somatotropin decreases during growth phase – dwarfism

Question 17.
Observe the table, re-arrange column Band C according to column A.

Answer:
1 – (b) – (S)
2 – (d) – (P)
3 – (a) – (Q)

Question 18.
A farmer named Balan cultivated oranges in his orchard. Now the trees are full of oranges. The price of oranges is Rs. 80/kg. (Question Pool 2017)
A) This farmer wants to harvest all fruits together.
B) Ripen them together.
a) Suggest two artificial plant hormones to satisfy the A, B needs of the farmer.
b) Uncontrolled use of plant hormones must be controlled. Evaluate this statement.
Answer:
A) a) A – Abscisic acid
B – Ethylene
b) Though artificial hormones are useful they should be handled with care as they are chemicals. Uncontrolled use of it may cause health and environmental issues.

Question 19.
Analyse the indicators and answer the question given below. (Question Pool 2017)
Indicators
Accelerates the growth and development of the brain in the foetal stage and infancy.
a) Which hormone are the indicators about?
b) Construct a flow chart relating the action of hypothalamus and pituitary in the synthesis of this hormone.
Answer:
a) Thyroxine
b)

Question 20.
Artificial plant hormones are used extensively in the agricultural sector. (Question Pool 2017)
Write the name and function of two artificial plants. hormones belonging to the category, auxin.
Answer:
NAA- Sprouting, prevention of premature fall of fruits.
IBA – -do-
2, 4 – D – Weedicide

Question 21.
Artificial plant hormones are used extensively in the agricultural sector. Write a short note on the advantages and disadvantages of these (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
Advantages:

• Sprouting
• Prevents premature fall of fruits
• Medicinal action
• Increases size of fruits
• Ripening of fruits
• Increases production of latex in rubber trees
• Harvesting fruits at the same time.
• Prevents early ripening of fruits

Disadvantages:

• Environmental issues
• Health issues

Question 22.
Choose the correct statement related to pheromones from those given below. (Question Pool 2017)
a) Pheromones are chemical substances secreted inside the body for communication.
b) This is the message to attract mates, determining the path of travel, etc.
c) Musk in the civet cat is a pheromone.
d) Bombycol is the pheromone secreted by the female silkworm.
Answer:
b, d

Question 23.
Analyze the box given below and complete the table suitably. (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:

Question 24.
Indicators related to the endocrine glands are given below. Analyze them and answer the questions. (Question Pool 2017)
1. Situated just below the sternum.
2. Active during infancy.
But constricts at puberty.
a) Name this endocrine gland?
b) Which is the hormone synthesized by this gland?
c) Write the function of this hormone.
Answer:
a) Thymus gland
b) Thymosin
c) Controls the activities and maturation of lymphocytes which help to impart immunity.

Question 25.
Given below is the illustration showing the hormones synthesized by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Complete it Suitably. (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:
a) Stimulates thyroid gland
b) ACTH
c) Production of milk
d) Enhances growth

Question 26.
Teacher: The TSH hormone synthesized by the pituitary gland acts on the thyroid gland. It is transported to the thyroid gland through blood. All hormones are transported like this through blood. (Question Pool 2017)
Amirtu: Can all the hormones synthesized by the pituitary gland reach the thyroid gland and act there? What is your answer for Ammu’s doubt?
Answer:
Receptors to receive other hormones synthesized by the pituitary gland are absent in the thyroid gland.

Question 27.
Plant hormones and their functions are given in two boxes below. Pair them suitably (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:
(a) – (iv)
(b) – (ii)
(c) – (i)
(d) – (iii)

Question 28.
The problems faced by two farmers are below. Suggest two artificial plant hormones to overcome this. (Question Pool 2017)
Satheesh: Excessive growth of weeds in the agricultural field.
Saneesh: Premature fall of fruit in the mango orchard.
Answer:
Satheesh: 2, 4- D
Saneesh: NAA /IBA

Question 29.
Observe the illustration given below and answer the questions. (Question Pool 2017)

a) Write the names of the hormones ‘X’ and Y\
b) Mention two actions that take place in A and B.
c) Name the gland which synthesises X and Y.
Answer:
a) X-Insulin; Y-Glucagon
b) A-Converts glycogen to glucose
B – Converts glucose to glycogen
c) Pancreas

Question 30.
Identify the word pair relationship and fill in the blanks. (Question Pool 2017)
a) Civet cat:………………
Silkworm: Bombycol
b) Breaks up stored food: Gibberellins
helps in fruit ripening: ……………….
c) Vasopressin: Diabetes insipidus
Insulin: ………………
d) Dwarfism: somatotropin
Myxoedema: ………………..
Answer:
a) Civetone
b) Ethylene
c) Diabetes mellitus
d) Thyroxine

Question 31.
Pick the odd one out. Write the common features of the others. (Question Pool 2017)
a) Increases metabolic rate, increases energy production regulates growth in children, promotes production of milk.
b) Goitre, Acromegaly, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism.
c) Cortisol, Vasopressin, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine.
d) Ethylene, Cytokinin, Auxin, Pheromones.
Answer:
a) Increases the production of milk: all others are the activities of thyroxine.
b) Acromegaly: All others are disorders/diseases, related to thyroid gland
c) Vasopressin: All others are hormones of adrenal gland
d) Pheromones: All others plant hormones

Question 32.
Choose the correct statement. (Question Pool 2017)
a) Synthesis of vasopressin increases if the level of water in the blood increases.
b) Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland.
c) Synthesis of insulin increases if the blood glucose level rises.
d) Deficiency of thyroxine causes cretinism in adults.
Answer:
b, c

Question 33.
Maintenance of the level of calcium in blood is illustrated below. Analyse-it and answer the questions. (Question Pool 2017)

a) Which are the hormones indicated as ‘X’, ‘Y’?
b) Write the actions performed by ‘X’ in the bone and ‘Y’ in the kidney.
c) How does the deficiency of ‘Y’ affect the process of blood clotting?
Answer:
a) X – Calcitonin: Y – Parathormone
b) Action of X : Deposits excess calcium in bones.
Action of Y : Reabsorbs calcium into the blood in the kidney.
c) Deficiency of Y decreases the level of calcium in blood.
As calcium is required for blood clotting, the clotting process becomes slow.

Question 34.
Make suitable word pairs from the words given below. (Orukkam – 2017)

Answer:
Vasopressin- Diabetes insipidus
Dwarfism – Somatotropin
Cretinism – Thyroxin

Question 35.
Complete the illustration using the words given in the box. (Orukkam – 2017)

Answer:

Question 36.
Observe the illustration and answer the following questions? (Orukkam – 2017)

a) Identify the parts marked as A , B and C ?
b) Name the hormones indicated as 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5?
c) What are the functions of the hormones Oxytocin and Prolactin?
d) What are the abnormalities caused by the difference in the production rate of the hormone marked as 1?
Answer:
a) A-Anterior lobe of pituitary
B – posterior lobe of pituitary
C – Hypothalamus

b) 1 – Somatotropin /growth hormone
2 – Vasopressin /ADH
3 – Tropic hormones
4, 5 – TSH/ACTH

c) Oxytocin facilitates childbirth by the contrac¬tion of smooth muscles in the uterine wall and also facilitates lactation. Vasopressin helps in the reabsorption of water in the kidney to prevent water loss through urine.

d) Dwarfism, Gigantism and Acromegaly

Question 37.
Identify the word pair relationship and complete the following. (Orukkam – 2017)
a) Alpha cells: Glucagon
Beta Cells: …………….
b) Prolactin: Production of milk
……………….: Facilitate lactation
c) Parathyroid: Parathormone
Thyroid
Answer:
a) Insulin
b) Oxytocin
c) Calcitonin

Question 38.
All hormones are being transported through the blood and reach all cells of the body, but all hormones are not functioning in all cells. Why? (Orukkam – 2017)
Answer:
Each hormone act only its target tissue, where spe¬cific receptors present to accept the same hormone.

Question 39.
The increased or decreased level of thyroxin may disrupt the homeostasis of the body. Explain? (Orukkam – 2017)
Answer;
Due to hypothyroidism (eg. cretinism) low metabolic rate, sluggishness, sleeplessness, increase in body weight, hypertension, oedema, etc.
Due to hyperthyroidism (eg. Graves disease) high metabolic rate, increased heartbeat, rise in body tem¬perature, sweating, sleeplessness, loss of weight, emotional imbalance.

Question 40.
Bees and termites are maintaining the colony life by using some chemical substances as chemical messages. (Orukkam – 2017)
a) What are these chemical substances?
b) Write the other uses of these chemical substances?
c) Give other examples for these chemical substances?
Answer:
a) Pheromones
b) To attract mates, to inform about food or dangers, to live in colonies, to follow one afterthe other.
c) Civetone in civet cat, Bombycol in female silkworm moth.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Chapter 2 World in the Twentieth Century

Twentieth century is the period that influenced world history greatly. Imperialism was the developed form of capitalism which emerged in Europe after the Industrial Revolution. When capitalism developed into imperialism, it faced many crises. When the imperialist powers entered into mutual competitions in order to conquer the world, conflict became widespread. The international problems which surfaced during this period caused mutual mistrust and enmity. The conflicts among the imperialist powers ultimately led the entire world to a war. The growth of Fascism and Nazism, Second World War, international efforts for peace, cold war, non-alignment and globalisation are the other topics discussed in this unit.

→  Industrial Revolution: The changes which took place in England from the 18th century onwards came to be known as the Industrial Revolution. The basic feature of this was that human labour was substituted by machines.

→  Capitalism : The economic system in which production and distribution are controlled by capitalists with the aim to increase profit.

→  Imperialism : The practice of extending a nation’s political, economic and cultural dominance on another nation is imperialism.

→  Triple Alliance and Triple Entente : Military alliances that fought in the First World War.

→  Nationalism : A nation is defined as a people settling in a definite territory, speaking a common language, having a common culture and historical tradition. The ideology and programme of action based on this concept is called nationalism.

→  Aggressive nationalism : The policy of invading neighbouring countries, considering one’s nation as supreme and justifying whatever be the actions of the nation.

→  Pan-Slav Movement : The movement started under the leadership of Russia to unite the Slavic People of Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, etc. in Eastern Europe.

→  Pan-German Movement : The movement started under the leadership of Germany to establish her dominance in Central Europe and Balkan provinces and to unite the Teutonic people.

→  Revenge Movement : The movement started under the leadership of France to regain her territories of Alsace-Lorraine which were captured by Germany in the Franco-Prussian war of 1871.

→  Treaty of Versailles : The treaty signed with Germany by the victorious powers after the First World War.

→  World Economic Depression : The economic crisis that started in 1929 and affected the whole world.

→  League of Nations : The international organisation formed after the first world war to maintain peace in the world.

→  Fascism, Nazism : The political ideology that supported dictatorship, racial superiority, aggressive nationalism and single party rule.

→  Munich Pact : The agreement that approved the claim of Germany over Sudetanland, a part of Czechoslovakia.

→  Policy of appeasement: Capitalist countries like Britain and France considered Soviet Union, being a socialist country, as their chief enemy and did not prevent fascist attacks. This policy which encouraged fascist attacks is known as policy of appeasement.

→  Non-Aggression Pact : The agreement signed between Germany and Soviet Union in 1939, by which they agreed not to attack each other and to partition Poland.

→  Teutonic People : The Germanic people are also called Teutonic peoples. Originally they belonged to Northern Europe. They spoke languages of the Germanic branch of the lndo-European language family.

→  Pearl Harbour Attack : The attack of Japan in 1941 on Pearl Harbour, the American naval base in the islands of Hawaii.

→  Hiroshima, Nagasaki : Japanese cities where atom bombs were dropped in 1945 by USA.

→  Hibakusha: The surviving victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

→  United Nations Organisation : The international organisation formed after the Second World War to prevent war and maintain peace in the world.

→  Decolonization : The process of the colonies of Asia and Africa securing freedom from imperialist control.

→  Cold War : The enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic confrontations between US bloc and Soviet bloc.

→  Bipolar politics : USA led the Capitalist bloc and Soviet Union led the Socialist bloc after the Second World War. This ideological division between the power blocs is called bipolar politics.

→  Military Pacts : Military agreements formed among capitalist bloc and socialist bloc after the Second World War.

→  Non-alignment : The policy adopted by the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa not to join the power blocs and to follow an independent foreign policy.

→  Zionism: The movement that started to establ ish a homeland for the Jews.

→  PLO : Palestinian Liberation Organisation was a movement with the objective of establishing a nation for the Palestinians.

→  Oslo Pact: The pact signed between Israel and Palestine under the mediation of USA. By this, Israel agreed to recognise Palestine as a free nation.

→  Glasnost : The administrative reform started under Mikhail Gorbachev in Soviet Union to implement openness in political processes.

World In The Twentieth Century Notes

→  Perestroika: The administrative reform started under Mikhail Gorbachev to restructure the economic system of Soviet Union.

→  Unipolar world : USA emerged as a global power and centre of world politics following the disintegration of Soviet Union. The world order dominated by the USA is called unipolar world.

→  Neo imperialism: The multinational companies began to interfere in the economic, social and cultural sectors of the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa and Latin America for serving the interests of capitalist countries. This is known as neo imperialism.

→  Globalisation: The policy of transfer of products, ( services, raw materials, capital, latest technology and human resources across the borders of countries without any restriction.

→  Liberalisation: The policy of adoption of liberal regulations and taxation systems to facilitate the import of multinational products to domestic markets.

→  Privatisation : The policy of privatisation of public sector undertakings to promote private sector. (The process of reducing the role of public sector in the economy and increasing the role of private sector is known as privatisation).

World in the Twentieth Century – Famous Persons

→  Francis Ferdinand : The heir to the throne of Austria who was assassinated in June 1914 at Sarajevo. This was the immediate cause for the First World War.
→  Benito Mussolini : Leader of fascist reign in Italy.
→  Adolf Hitler: Leader ofNazi reign in Germany.
→  Matteotti: Eminent socialist thinker of Italy who opposed fascism. ‘
→  Woodrow Wilson : The US President who gave leadership to the formation of League of Nations.
→  Nelson Mandela ; Leader of anti – imperialist struggle in South Africa.
→  Quami Nkrumah : Leader of anti – imperialist struggle in Ghana.
→  Jomo Kenyatta : Leader of the freedom movement in Kenya.
→  Bernard Baruch : The American economist who first used the word ‘cold war’.
→  Architects of Non : Aligned movement:

• Jawaharlal Nehru – India
• Gamal Abdul Nasser – Egypt
• Marshal Tito-Yugoslavia .
• Ahmed Sukarno – Indonesia

→ Yasser Arafat: Founder President of Palestinian Liberation Organisation.

→  Mikhail Gorbachev : The last President of Soviet Union.

World in the Twentieth Century – Important Years and Events

• 1871 – Franco Prussian War
• 1904 – Moroccan Crisis
• 1912 – Balkan Crisis
• 1914 – Assassination of Francis Ferdinand
• 1914-18 – First World War
• 1919 – Paris Peace Treaty: Treaty of Versailles
• 1924 – Mussolini in power
• 1929 – World Economic Depression
• 1933 – Hitlar as Chancellor of Germany
• 1938 – Munich Pact
• 1939-45 – Second World War
• 1941 – Pearl Harbour Attack
• 1945 – Atom bombs dropped at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan by USA
• 1945 – Formation ofUNO (October24,1945)
• 1948 – Formation of Israel
• 1955 – Emergence of Non-Aligned Movement
• 1991 – Disintegration of Soviet Union
• 1993 – Oslo Pact

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes

You can Download Soldiers of Defense Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Solutions Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard BiologySolutions Chapter 5 Soldiers of Defense

Soldiers of Defense Text Book Questions and Answers

Sslc Biology Chapter 5 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Our surrounding are full of microorganisms. Most of them are pathogens too. Though we live in the midst of germs are we susceptible to diseases? What may be the reason?
Answer:
Numerous germs are present in our surroundings, that have the capacity to cause diseases. We are often in contact with them. There are several mechanisms in the human body which prevent the entry of germs. So we don’t get infected always.

Biology Chapter 5 Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
What are the mechanisms in the body which prevent the entry of pathogens?
Answer:

• A protein called keratin in skin, sebum, and acids.
• Mucus in the trachea
• Cilia in the bronchus
• Hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
• Cough and sneezing.
• The wax in the ear.
• The enzyme lysozyme in tears and saliva.
• Blood, Lymph.

Sslc Biology Chapter 5 Notes Kerala Syllabus Body Coverings And Secretions

Biology Class 10 Chapter 5 Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Skin is referred to as a “fort of resistance”, why?
Answer:
Keratin makes the skin a thick fort which prevents germs from entering it. So the skin is referred to as a fort of resistance.

10th Class Biology 5th Chapter Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What is the function of cilia and mucus in the respiratory tract?
Answer:
Mucus in the trachea prevents the entry of germs into the lungs. The cilia in the bronchus wipe out dust that enters it.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Chapter 5 Question 5.
What are the methods in ears, eyes, and saliva to prevent germs?
Answer:
The enzyme lysozyme present in the tears and saliva are fight against germs. The wax in the ear prevents pathogens.

Class 10th Biology Chapter 5 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
What is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach to prevent germs that enter the body through food?
Answer:
Since hydrochloric acid is present stomach, the germs that enter through food and water are destroyed.

Class 10 Biology Chapter 5 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Which are the secretions that help to defend pathogens? Analyze illustration and complete the table.


Answer:

Body Fluids And Defense

• Body fluids like blood and lymph play an important role in defense mechanisms.
• Controlling the entry of germs into the body.
• Neutralizing germs and the toxic substances they produce, preventing their multiplication.

White blood cells and Defense actions

Inflammatory Response

Lysozyme Antibodies Question 8.
Based on the indicators, analyze the following illustration. Write your inference in the science diary.

Answer:
The cells that get damaged by a wound or an infection produce certain chemical substances. These substances dilate the blood vessel thereby increasing the blood flow. Blood plasma and white blood cells reach the wound site. This is the reason for the swelling of the wound site. This defense mechanism is known as inflammatory response.

Question 9.
What is the advantage of the dilation of blood vessels at the wound site?
Answer:
The cells that get damaged by a wound or an infection produce certain chemical substances. These substances dilate the blood vessels thereby increasing the blood flow.

Label the Specializations of the Plasma Membrane Question 10.
Is inflammatory response a defense activity? Why?
Answer:
Inflammatory response is a defense activity. Inflammation formed in the body due to the changes in the wall of blood capillaries in a part of the body that affected a wound. When germs enter through – the wound, changes occur in the capillary wall of that part. It leads to inflammation. Flow of blood through these capillaries increases and as a result more leucocytes come out from the capillaries and destroy the germs by engulfing them. The affected parts swell and become red-colored due to the arrival of more blood at the affected part of the capillaries.

Question 11.
Prepare the flowchart which showing the stages of inflammatory response.
Answer:
Germs enter through wound → Produces chemical messages → Blood vessels dilate → White blood cells from the blood vessel reach the wound site → White blood cells destroy the germs.

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis is the process of engulfing and destroying germs. The cells engaged in this process are called phagocytes. (Phago – to engulf, cyte – cell) Monocytes and neutrophils are phagocytes.

Question 12.
Stages of phagocytosis
Answer:

Question 13.
Complete the flow chart by analyzing illustration showing the stages of phagocytosis.

Answer:

Blood Clotting

Blood clotting is a defense mechanism to prevent the loss of blood through wounds. In this process fibrin, the plasma protein forms a fibrous network. Blood cells get entangled in the network to form a blood clot.

Question 14.
Analyze the following illustration that details the stages of blood clotting

Answer:
When a person gets a cut or wound the blood that flows out from the wound changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a clot which plays the wound and prevents further bleeding.

When the platelets come into contact with the atmospheric air, they burst and liberate thromboplastin. It converts prothrombin in the plasma to thrombin. This thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen molecules into insoluble fibrin. This fibrin filament form-fine network over the wound and trap blood corpuscles and platelets to form a clot. The clot seals the wounds and stops bleeding.

Healing Of Wounds

Healing of the wound is a stage after inflammatory response and blood clotting. When wound occurs new tissues are formed in place of the tissues damaged by the wound. In such situations, the wound scar does not remain. In cases when new tissues cannot be formed, the connective tissue heals the wound. In such situations, the wound scar remains.

Question 15.
In some situations, the wound scar remains. Why?
Answer:
When wound occurs, new tissues cannot be formed, then connective tissues heal the wound. In such situations, the wound scar remains.

Fever, A Defense Mechanism

Question 16.
The normal body temperature is 37°c (98.6°F). Body temperature rises during fever. Is it a disease or a symptom. Analyze the flowchart given and write your inferences in the science diary.

Answer:
Fever is not a disease. But it is a type of resistance activity. Though the body can control the multiplication of germs through mechanism like raising body temperature. The chemical substances produced by the white blood cells raises the body temperature. If the rise in body temperature persists for a long time, it may badly affect the internal organs including the brain. Hence it is necessary to seek medical assistance immediately.

Question 17.
Fever is the rise in the body temperature. Is it beneficial to the body?
Answer:
Our normal body temperature is 36.9°c. This temperature is suitable for the multiplication of germs. When infection occurs body rises the temperature through fever to reduce the capacity of multiplication of them.

Lymphocytes – The Warrior

Specific defense is the system which identifies and destroys pathogens. White blood cells known as lymphocytes are capable of destroying the pathogens in this way. Lymphocytes are of two types namely B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes mature in them bone marrow. T lymphocytes mature in the thymus gland.

B – Lymphocytes

B lymphocytes produce certain chemical substances to act against antigens. The chemical substances which act against antigens are called antibodies.

Antibodies destroy the pathogens in three different ways

1. Destroy the bacteria by disintegrating their cell membrane.
2. Neutralize the toxin of the antigens.
3. Destroy the pathogens by stimulating other white blood cells.

T – Lymphocytes

T lymphocytes stimulate other defense cells of the body. Moreover, these cells are capable of destroying cancer cells and cells affected by virus.

Question 18.
Complete illustration showing the defense mechanisms of blood.

Answer:

• Inflammatory response
• Phagocytosis
• Blood clotting

Lymph And Defense

The lymph formed from the blood and reabsorbed into blood has a prominent role in defense mechanisms, lymph contains plenty of lymphocytes. They destroy the disease-causing bacteria in lymph nodes and spleen.

Immunization

Defense mechanisms become slow when germs enter the body. This causes the spread and multiplication of germs. Immunization is the artificial method to make the defense cells alert against the attack of pathogens.

Question 19.
What are vaccines?
The substances used for synthesizing antibodies are called vaccines.

Question 20.
Which components of vaccine act as antigens?
Answer:
The components from alive or dead or neutralized germs neutralized toxins or cellular parts of the pathogens will be the component of each vaccine.

Question 21.
How do vaccines induce immunity?

Answer:
In induced immunity antibodies which can act against pathogens or toxins produced by them are synthesized in the body itself. The body prepares antibodies to act against these foreign bodies.

Treatment – Final Defense

Question 22.
Which are the different methods of treatment that we depend on?
Answer:

• Ayurveda
• Sidda
• Unani
• Naturopathy
• Homeopathy
• Allopathy (Modern medicine)

Question 23.
Observe the pictures given below and write the name and use of this equipment for diagnosis.

Answer:
A. Stethoscope – to measure heartbeat
B. Thermometer – To measure body temperature
C. Sphygmomanometer – To record blood pressure.

Question 24.
Given below is the table including a few other modern equipments and their uses.
Answer:

Laboratory Tests

The report of a test showing the quantity of different factors in blood

Question 25.
Identify the specializations in medicine and the related areas and complete the table

Answer:

Antibodies

The scientist Alexander Fleming, who first synthesized antibiotics in 1928. Antibiotics are used to resist bacterial diseases.

Question 26.
Antibiotics are very helpful but use of it should be with great care. Why?
Answer:

• Regular use develops immunity in pathogens against antibiotics
• Destroys useful bacteria in the body.
• Reduces the quantity of some vitamins in the body.
• Some of them cause allergy, problems to stomach, bones, and kidneys.

Question 27.
Is it proper to use antibiotics without recommendation by a doctor? Why? Discuss. Write your inferences in the science diary.
Answer:
No. Though antibiotics are effective medicines, their regular use brings many side effects. Therefore use medicines only by the instruction of the doctor. Doctors prescribe medicine by considering the dose, method of use, period of use, age of the patient, etc. indiscriminate use of them causes health problems. Regular use develops immunity in pathogens against antibiotics, destroys useful bacteria in the body and reduces the quantity of some vitamins. So self-treatment without the instruction of the doctor is not good.

First Aid

Question 28.
Observe figures A, B and C and identify the instance in which the following type of first aid is given.

Answer:

• A – Breathing has stopped but heartbeat has not as in drowning electric shock, choking gas, suffocation, etc.
• B – Bone and ligament injuries; and fractures
• C – Choking occurs when an object swallowing

Blood Transfusion

The transfer of blood from one person to another is called blood transfusion. Certain instances such as blood is lost excessively in accidents, affected with diseases like blood cancer and surgical operations require blood transfusion.

Different Types of Blood Group

A, B, AB, O are the main blood groups. Carl Landsteiner proposed blood grouping on the basis of the presence or absence of A, B antigens seen on the surface of the red blood cells. The blood group in which Rh factor is present are positive blood groups and those without Rh factor are negative blood groups.

Question 29.
Can a patient receive blood from any person?
Answer:
No. Blood of certain persons cannot be received by others. The antigen present in the received blood and antibody in the recipient’s blood will react each other to form blood clot.

Question 30.
Observe the table and identify the various types of blood group, antigens, and antibodies present in them
Answer:

Question 31.
Prepare posters on the greatness of donating blood
Answer:

Defense Mechanisms In Plants

Question 32.
Complete the illustration by including different defense mechanisms in plants.

Answer:

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Which among the following is not included in non-specific body defense?
a) production of sebum
b) action of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
c) action of B lymphocytes
d) action of lysozyme in saliva
Answer:
c) action of B lymphocytes

Question 2.
Write the functions of the two types of lymphocytes in the defense mechanism of the body.
Answer:
B lymphocytes produce antibodies and it destroys the antigens, T- lymphocytes stimulate white blood cells and also destroys cancer cells.

Question 3.
What is the basis of grouping blood Into different types? Everybody cannot receive blood of all groups. Why?
Answer:
The basis of blood grouping is the presence of antigen seen on the surface of the red blood cells. When an antigen reaches one s blood, it stimulates defense activity to produce antibody. The antigen and antibody react each other and form a blood clot. Hence everyone cannot receive blood from aH blood groups.

Soldiers of Defense More Questions And Answers

Question 1.
Identify the diagram and mention the defense process taking place in A

Answer:
Skin.
A is the outermost Keratin layer. Keratin is a protein, it blocks the entry of germs.

Question 2.
Respiratory track is always free from germs. Why?
Answer:
Mucus in the trachea prevents the entry of germs into the lungs. The cilia in the bronchus wipe out dust that enters it. Cough and sneezing help to expel foreign bodies from the respiratory tract. So respiratory tract is always free from germs.

Question 3.
Complete the table suitably.

Answer:
a) Ear
b) Hydrochloric acid
c) eye / mouth
d) The outermost layer blocks the entry of germs/ Keratin / Sebum / Acids.

Question 4.
Is swelling of the wound site helpful or not? why?
Answer:
Yes, It is helpful. The wounds and cuts occur in the skin, that area swells and blood vessels dilate It increases the blood flow and more white blood cells can come out through the enlarged pores and destroy the germs.

Question 5.
Generally, bacteria are useful but some of them are pathogenic. How?
Answer:
After entering the body they multiply by binary fission and produce certain toxic substances, which either disrupt the cellular activities or destroy the cell itself.

Question 6.
Following are certain steps of a defense process identify the process.
1. Phagocytes reach near the pathogens.
2. Engulf pathogens in the membrane sac
3. Membrane sacs combine with lysosome.
4. The enzyme in the Iysosome destroys the pathogens.
5. Expels the remnants from phagocyte.
Answer:
Phagocytosis

Question 7.
Observe the illustration and identify the process.

Answer:
Phagocytosis

Question 8.
What are the factors needed for blood clotting?
Answer:
Prothrombin, Fibrinogen in plasma, Calcium ions, Vitamin K, Red blood cells, Platelets.

Question 9.
Blood clotting is a defense mechanism to prevent the loss of blood through wounds. Mention the different stages of this process.
Answer:

• Tissues of the wounded part degenerate to form the enzyme thromboplastin.
• Thromboplastin converts prothrombin in the plasma to thrombin.
• Thrombin converts the fibrinogen in the plasma to fibrin.
• Blood clot is formed by the entangling of platelets and red blood cells in the fibrin network.

Question 10.
Complete the flowchart showing the blood clotting.

Answer:
A) Thrombin
B) Fibrin

Question 11.
“Fever is not a disease, it is a defense mechanism.” Analyze the statement.
Answer:
Yes. The presence of toxin produced by the pathogens stimulate the white blood cells and hence the white blood cells produce chemical substance that raises the body temperature. The rise in body temperature reduces the rate of multiplication of pathogens and increases the rate of phagocytosis.

Question 12.
How is antibody destroy germs?
Answer:
Antibody destroys the bacteria by disintegrating their cell membrane and neutralize the toxin of the antigens by stimulating other white blood cells.

Question 13.
Define the following
1. Antigen
2. Antibody
3. Antibiotic
Answer:
Any foreign body that stimulates the defense mechanism is called an antigen. The chemical substance produced by the lymphocytes act against antigen is an antibody. Antibiotics are medicines used to resist bacterial diseases.

Question 14.
The graph shown below represents the difference in the number of two bacteria when taken a particular antibiotic by a patient.

Answer:
a) This antibiotic is effective and reduces the number of pathogens. But its antibiotics. It also destroys useful bacteria in the body.
b) Further use of these antibiotics is not effective because the harmful bacteria got resistance against it.

Question 15.
Complete the boxes according to the given hint.

Answer:
A – Regular use develops immunity in pathogens against antibiotics
B – Destroys useful bacteria in the body.
C – Reduces the quantity of some vitamins in the body.

Question 16.
Can a person with ‘A’ group blood receive blood from ‘B’ group person? Or it take place vice versa? Give reason for this.
Answer:
A person with ‘A’ group blood cannot receive or donate blood with ‘B’ group person. Because the antigen present in the received blood and antibody in the recipient’s blood will react each other and form a blood clot (Coagulation).

Question 17.
Give more examples of vaccine
Answer:

Question 18.
“Germs, both alive and dead are used to get immunity”. Substantiate the statement with vaccines used for rabies and tuberculosis. (March 2015)
Answer:
Germs, both alive and dead are used as vaccines. ‘ Dead germs are utilized in rabies vaccine which acts against rabies. Live, but inactivated vaccines are used in BCG vaccine against tuberculosis.

Question 19.
Observe the following figure and answer the given questions.

a) Label A and B.
b) How did they protect our body? (March 2015)
Answer:
a) A – small hair, B – Sebaceous gland
b) Since sebum is oily, water does not stick on to the skin. Covering of hair protects the body from cold and heat and also prevents the entry of foreign bodies.

Question 20.
Whichever be the type of germs infected, the initial symptom appear in human body will be the fever. Give reason. (March 2014)
Answer:
Bacterial infection produces toxic substances in body, body temperature is suitable for bacterial growth, in order to control the growth of bacteria body rises the temperature, fever is not a disease.

Question 21.
Constant use of antibiotics is not good for health. This is the opinion of Rahim.
a) Do you agree with his opinion? Why?
b) Give two specific examples for justifying your answer. (Model 2013)
Answer:
a) I agree with this. Constant use of antibiotics results a few side effects.
b) Constant use of antibiotics may destroy useful bacteria in the body, develop resistance in bacteria against antibiotics or reduces the level of certain vitamins in the body.

Question 22.
How does the influence of the following action blocking germs.
a) Rise in body temperature.
b) Low oil content on skin.
c) Swelling occurs near wound.
d) Lymphocytes produce Antibodies. (March 2013)
Answer:
a) To resist the strengthening or increasing of causative organisms.
b) Waterproof and oily, germs cannot grow.
c) Flow of blood through the capillaries increases and more leucocytes comes out from the capillaries and destroy the germs by engulfing them.
d) Lymphocytes produce antibodies to destroy germs.

Question 23.
Whichever be the type of germs infected, the initial symptom appear in human body will be the fever Give reason. (March 2013)
Answer:
Bacterial infection produces toxic substances in body body temperature is suitable for bacterial growth, in order to control the growth of bacteria body rises the temperature, fever is not a disease.

Question 24.
The graph representing the difference in the number of two bacteria, while applying a particular antibiotic on a patient is shown below

A. Analyze the graph and record the findings.
B. Is this antibiotic effective against the bacteria? Why? (Model 2012)
Answer:
A. The harmful bacteria decrease in number in the first few weeks. Later they increase in number. Number of useful bacteria are decreasing gradually.
B. The antibiotic is not effective because the harmful bacteria got resistance against it. Moreover, number of useful bacteria decreases.

Soldiers of Defense Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which among the following is the odd one? Why? Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil (Question Pool-2017)
Answer:
Lymphocyte – Involved in specific defense

Question 2.
Skin is the largest sense organ of the body. It helps! us to sense heat, cold, touch, pressure, etc and it j acts as a soldier of defense of the body,
a) Does the skin have significance in defense as mentioned above? Justify. (Question Pool – 2017)
Answer:
Yes. The outermost Keratin, the protein layer blocks the entry of germs; sebum and some acids in the: skin-are disinfectants,

Question 3.
A table indicating primary level defense is given below. Arrange column B based on column A. (Question Pool – 2017)

Answer:
i) – c
ii) – d
iii) – a
iv) -b

Question 4.
Which among the following is the odd one and why? (Question Pool – 2017)
a) The Mucus of trachea destroys the pathogens.
b) The wax in the ear destroys pathogens.
c) Neutrophil destroys pathogens by engulfing them.
d) Lysozyme present in Saliva destroys pathogens
Answer:
C, Secondary defense

Question 5.
Nimisha’s hand got injured in an accident. After some time the wound area got swollen.
a) What is this type of activity known for?
b) Is it a defense mechanism? Why?
Answer:
a) Inflammatory response
b) Yes
Secondary level defense
Process to destroy pathogens in the body

Question 6.
Using the following statements,-prepare a flow chart of inflammatory response. (Question Pool-2017)
a) Production of chemical messages.
b) White blood cells destroy pathogens.
c) Blood vessels dilate.
d) Pathogens enter into the wound.
e) White blood cells come out from blood vessels.
f) Blood flow increases
Answer:
d
a
c
f
e
b

Question 7.
The given illustration includes white blood cells which act as a part of nonspecific defense. Fill up the blanks and complete the word web. (Question Pool -2017)

Answer:
A – Neutrophil /Monocyte
B – Stimulates other white blood cells / dilates blood vessels
C – Eosinophil
D – Engulfs and destroys germs

Question 8.
When there is an injury or wound, the blood vessel of that part dilates. (Question Pool – 2017)
a) What is its benefit?
b) Which white blood cell dilates the blood vessel?
Answer:
a) The cells that get damaged by a wound or an infection produce certain chemical substances. These substances dilate the blood vessels thereby increasing the blood flow. Blood plasma and white blood cells reach the wound site and it destroys the germs,
b) Basophil

Question 9.
Observe the given illustration and answer the following questions. (Question Pool-2017)

Answer:
a) Which is the process indicated in the illustration?
b) Which are the.white blood cells involved in the process?
c) Is it a specific defense mechanism? Justify
Answer:
a) Phagocytosis
b) Neutrophil, Monocyte
c) No
does not identify and destroy pathogens that enter to the body.

Question 10.
The flow chart given below indicates a type of defense mechanism occurring in the body. (Question Pool – 2017)

a) Complete the flow chart
b) Which process is it related to?
Answer:
a) i) Engulfs pathogen in the membrane sac
ii) The enzyme in the lysosome destroys the pathogens
iii) Expels the remnants
b) Phagocytosis

Question 11.
Blood clotting is a defense mechanism. Analyze the statement. (Question Pool – 2017)
Answer:

• Prevents the entry of germs through wound
• Prevents bleeding through wounds

Question 12.
Prepare the flow chart of the clotting of blood using the following statements. (Question Pool-2017)
a) Thromboplastin converts prothrombin to thrombin.
b) Blood flows from the wound.
c) Blood clot is formed.
d) Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
e) Tissues degenerate to form the enzyme called thromboplastin.
f) The red blood cells and platelets entangle in the fibrin network.
Answer:
d
a
c
f
e
b

Question 13.

a) Identify A
b) B is a vitamin and C is an enzyme. Name them.
c) How does the lack of B or C affect the consequent chemical process? (Question Pool – 2017)
Answer:
A – Prothrombin
B – Vitamin K, C – Thromboplastin
C – Thrombin not formed
fibrinogen not converted to fibrin

Question 14.
Blood clot is formed by the entangling of red blood cells and platelets in the fibrin network.
White blood cells are not involved in this process. What explanation will you give for this? (Question Pool-2017)
Answer:

• White blood cells do not have a definite shape
• They come out through the fibrin network

Question 15.
One of the scars of the wound obtained by Binu while playing football remained even after 10 years. What explanation will you give for the scar remaining as such? (Question Pool-2017)
Answer:
When wound occurs, new tissues cannot be formed, then connective tissues heal the wound. In such situations, the wound scar remains

Question 16.
Fever is a defense mechanism. Is the statement correct? Justify your answer. (Question Pool-2017)
Answer:
Yes. The presence of toxin produced by the pathogens stimulate the white blood cell and hence the white blood cells produce chemical substance that raises the body temperature. The rise in body temperature reduces the rate of multiplication of pathogens and increases the rate of phagocytosis.

Question 17.
Complete the illustration (Question Pool-2017)

Answer:
a) B – lymphocyte
b) T – Lymphocyte
i) Stimulates white blood cell and destroys pathogens
ii) Destroys the bacteria by disintegrating their cell membrane
iii) Stimulates defense cells
iv) Destroys the cell which is affected by virus.

Question 18.
After attending a class on immunity, Arun raised a question to his teacher. (Question Pool-2017)
“In spite of so many defense mechanisms in the body, why are we still affected by diseases?
a) What explanation will you give for Arun’s doubt?
Answer:

• Bad habits
• Unhealthy food habits
• Unhygienic
• Excess pathogens

Question 19.
The use of some modern equipment are given below. Identify the equipment. (Question Pool-2017)
a) To record electric waves in the brain.
b) To record electric waves in the heart muscle
c) To understand the structure of internal organs using ultrasonic sound waves.
Answer:
a) EEG
b) ECG
c) Ultrasound scanner

Question 20.
The doctor prescribed antibiotics to Sunil who is affected with cholera, but not to Anil who is affected with chickenpox. What is the reason? (Question Poo1 -2017)
Answer:
Antibiotics are used to prevent bacterial diseases. Chickenpox is a viral disease. Cholera is a bacterial disease. So the doctor prescribed antibiotics to Sunni

Question 21.
Enlist the demerits of antibiotics for Jose who is preparing for a seminar on the topic “The merits and demerits of Antibiotics. (Question Pool -2017)
Answer:

• The frequent use of antibiotics produces disease defense in pathogens.
• Destroys useful bacteria in the body.
• Reduces the level of some vitamins in the body.

Question 22.
Ashiq who met with an accident was in need of blood. Antigen A and D and Antibody b was identified in his blood. (Question Pool -2017)
a) Name his blood group?
b) Whose blood, among the following can be accepted by ashiq?
(i) Venu = A⁺
(ii) Amal- AB⁺
(iii) Suhara – AB^–
(iv) Anoop – A^–
Answer:
a ) A⁺
b) (i)VenuA⁺
(ii) Anoop A^–

Question 23.
The table given below indicates blood groups.

Answer:
i) A
ii) a
iii) AB
iv) No
v) O
vi) No

Question 24.
Box A includes the major components of vaccines and box B includes the diseases against which they are used. Match them appropriately. (Question Pool -2017)

Answer:
i) -d
ii) -c
iii) -b
iv) -a

Question 25.
Ravi prepared an illustration showing defense mechanisms in plants. Complete it. (Question Pool – 2017)

Answer:
a) Prevents the entry of germs which have crossed the cell wall, through cell membrane.
b) Bark
c) Cuticle in leaves
d) Cell wall

Question 26.
“This mode of treatment is a lifestyle in tune with nature rather than a mere method of treatment” This is a statement regarding a well-known mode of treatment.
a) Name the treatment.
b) Apart from this, name any two well-known modes of treatment. (Question Pool – 2017)
Answer:
a) Ayurveda
b) 1. Allopathy
2. Homeopathy/ etc.

Question 27.
Prepare two suitable placards to conduct an awareness rally in association with World Blood Donation day. (Question Pool-2017)
Answer:
2 placards contain appropriate concepts
Example: Donate blood Donate Life
Blood donation – Nothing to loose profits – Life

Question 28.
Match the following pairs (Question Pool – 2017)
a) T-lymphocyte: Thymus gland
B – lymphocyte:………………
b) EEG: to record electric waves in brain
………… to record electric waves in heart muscles
c) First Antibiotic: Alexander Flemming
First vaccine:……………..
d) Heartbeat: Stethoscope
Blood pressure:……………..
e) Antigen: Red blood cells
Antibody:…………………
Answer:
a) Bone marrow
b) ECG
c) Edward Jenner
d) Sphygmomanometer
e) Plasma

Question 29.
Given below is an equipment used for disease diagnosis. (Question Pool-2017)

a) Identify the equipment
b) What is its use?
c) Name another equipment that works on the same principle.
Answer:
a) ECG
b) To record electric waves in heart muscles
c) EEG

Question 30.
“it is possible to build up a healthy society with hospitals, doctors, and medicines” This is Bashir’s opinion. Evaluate it (Question Pool -2017)
Answer:

• The opinion of Bashir is wrong
• Nutritious food
• Healthy lifestyle
• Hygiene, These are the factors which build up a healthy society.

Question 31.
“It is not necessary to detect blood groups if we can accept blood from anyone”. This was an argument put forward by Sivaprasad in a discussion on blood transfusion.
a) What is the base of blood group determination?
b) Can a person receive any blood from anyone? Why? (Question Pool – 2017)
Answer:
a) The presence of antigens A and B on the surface of Red blood cells,
b) 1. Not possible
2. When a foreign antigen reaches one’s blood, it stimulates the defense activity
3. The antigen present in the received blood and the antibody in the recipients, blood will react each other to forms a blood clot (coagulation)

Question 32.
Given below is the picture of white blood cells which are parts of specific defense? 32 (Question Pool – 2017)

a) Identify A and B
b) What is the role of A in specific defense?
c) Give anyone difference between A and B
Answer:
a) A – T- lymphocyte
B – B lymphocyte
b) 1. Stimulates other defense cells
2. Destroys cancer cells and virus affected cells.
c) B lymphocytes matured at bone marrow T lymphocytes matured at thymus

Question 33.
Analyze the following statement and answer the following questions. 33 (Question Pool-2017)
When there is a wound, the body temperature rises.
a) What is the significance of white blood cells in this activity?
b) How does immunity become possible through a rise in temperature?
Answer:
a) The chemical substances produced by white blood cells rise body temperature
b) The presence of toxin produced by the pathogens stimulate the white blood cell and hence the white blood cells produce chemical substance that raises the body temperature. The rise in body tempera¬ture reduces the rate of multiplication of pathogens and increases the rate of phagocytosis.

Question 34.
Statements related to nonspecific defense and specific defense are given below. Identify the type of the defense and mark them using the letters N and S respectively.
(Orukkam – 2017)
a) The cilia in bronchus wipe out dust that enters it.
b) Destroy the bacteria by disintegrating their cell membrane.
c) The blood vessels near the wound diabetes.
d) The rise in body temperature reduces the rate of multiplication of pathogens.
e) B lymphocytes produce certain chemical substances against antigens.
f) Eosinophil produces chemical substances needed for inflammatory responses.
g) T lymphocytes destroys cancer cells.
h) The enzyme lysozyme present in tears destroys germs.
i) T lymphocytes destroy cancer cells.
j) Phagocytes engulf and destroy germs.
Answer:
a) N
b) S
c) N
d) N
e) S
f) N
g) S
h) N
i) S
j) N

Question 35.
Our body has the capacity to destroy germs those enter the body by breaking the first level defense Write your comment on this statement? (Orukkam – 2017)
( Hints: inflammation, different types WBCs and their functions, phagocytosis)
Answer:
The statement is true. When germs enter to the body the blood vessels diates (inflammation). This helps the white blood cells to act at the site A few white blood cells destroy germs by phagocytosis.

Question 36.
The basis of blood grouping is the presence of antigens in red blood cells. Complete the table given below based on this statement. (Orukkam-2017)
Blood groups

Answer:

a) B lymphocytes produce antibodies against antigens.
b) We can use antigens as vaccines for the formation of antibodies in advance.
c) Neutralized toxins – Diphtheria
Alive but neutralized germs – Measles
Cellular parts of pathogens – Hepatitis B Killed germs – Cholera

Question 37.
Complete the illustration suitability related to antibiotics (Orukkam – 2017)

Answer:
A) Prevent bacterial diseases
B) Prolonged use may develop immunity in germs
C) Destruction of useful bacteria
D) Deficiency of certain vitamins in the body

Question 38.
The wound scar does not remain always. Write reason? (Orukkam – 2017)
Answer:
If the wound is filled with same tissue, no wound scar occurs there.

Question 39.
Fill in the blanks by observing the relationship in the first pair. (Orukkam – 2017)
a) EEG: To record electric waves in the brain
ECG:……………………………..
b) Rabies: Killed germs
Typhoid:………………………..
Answer:
a – Records electric waves in the heart muscles
b – Alive but neutralized germs.

Question 40.
Name the first vaccine? Who developed this? Write the situation which leads to the development of vaccine? (Orukkam – 2017)
Answer:
Smallpox vaccine, developed by Edward Jenner. He observed no smallpox disease in people who had affected cowpox earlier.

Students can Download Kerala SSLC Maths Model Question Paper 3 Malayalam Medium, Kerala SSLC Maths Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala SSLC Maths Model Question Paper 3 Malayalam Medium

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Chapter 6 Eyes in the Sky and Data Analysis

Our ancestors made maps after collecting information about the surface of the earth and survey of earth’s surface which lasted for a long time. Aerial photography which developed later made map making quite easy. Satellite remote sensing and geographical information system which developed in the 1960’s as a result of the progress in science and technology paved the way for map making efficient and fast. The chapter helps you to understand how the launching of satellites and modern computer softwares help in the analysis of geophysical data.

→ Remote sensing : The method of collecting information about an object or phenomenon without actual physical contact.

→ Scanners : Sophisticated equipments that can detect electromagnetic radiation.

→ Sensors : The instruments used for data collection through remote sensing.

→ Active Remote Sensing : Remote sensing made with the help of artificial sources of energy is known as active remote sensing.

→ Passive Remote Sensing : Remote sensing carried out with the help of solar energy is known as passive remote sensing.
→
Platform : The carrier on which sensors are fixed is platform.

→ Terrestrial Photography : The method of obtaining earth’s photographs using cameras from the ground.

→ Aerial Remote Sensing : The method of obtaining photographs of the earth’s surface continuously from the sky using cameras mounted on aircrafts.

Social Science Short Notes For Class 10 Kerala Syllabus

→ Satellite Remote Sensing : The process of collecting information using sensors fitted on artificial satellites is called satellite remote sensing.

→ Stereoscope: The instrument used for obtaining three dimensional view from the stereo pairs is called stereoscope.

→ Stereo pair: Two aerial photographs of adjoining areas or two adjacent aerial photographs with overlap.

→ Overlap: Each aerial photograph contains about 60% of the area shown in the previous photograph is termed as overlap.

→ Stereoscopic vision : The three dimensional
view obtained while viewing a stereo pair through a stereoscope. ‘

→ Geostationary satellites : Artificial satellites that orbit the earth at a height of about 36000 km in accordance with the earth’s rotation.

→ Sun Synchronous satellites: Artificial satellites that revolve around the earth along poles at a height of 900 km from the earth’s surface.

→ Spectral Signature : The amount of reflected energy by each object.

→ Spatial Resolution : The size of the smallest object on the earth’s surface that a satellite sensor can distinguish.

→ Geographic Information System : Geographic Information System is a computer based information management system by which data collected from the sources of information like maps, aerial photographs, satellite imageries, tables and surveys are incorporated into the cqmputer using softwares, which are retrieved, analyzed and displayed in the form of maps, tables and graphs.

→ Spatial Data : Each feature on the earth’s surface has its own latitudinal and longitudinal location. Such information is known as spatial data.

→ Attributes: The additional information about the characteristics of each spatial data on the earth’s surface are called attributes.

→ Layers : The thematic maps prepared and stored in Geographic Information System for analytical purpose are called layers.

10th Geography Notes

→ Network Analysis : GIS analysis that deals with linear features on a map such as roads, railway and rivers.

→ Buffer Analysis : GIS analysis used for analyzing activities around a point feature or at a definite distance along a linear feature.

→ Overlay Analysis : GIS analysis used to identify the interrelationship of various surface features on earth and the changes they have undergone over a period of time.

→ Global Positioning System : A system using signals received from the artificial satellites to display the latitude, longitude, height and time of a place.

→ IRNSS : Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System is the satellite based navigation system developed by India as an alternative to GPS. It g is designed to provide accurate position information service.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes

You can Download बीरबहूटी Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 4 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 4 बंटी (उपन्यास (अंश))

टूटा पहिया Text Book Activities & Answers

टूटा पहिया अभ्यास के प्रश्न

Sslc Hindi Chapter 4 Notes Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
“वहाँ उसके और ममी के बीच में बहुत सारी चीजें आ जाती हैं। वह बंटी की अपनी दुनिया थी।…..” इस हालत में बंटी की चिंताएँ क्याक्या हो सकती हैं? लिखें।
उत्तर:
बंटी की चिंताएँ
माँ मुझे यहाँ क्यों ले आती हैं? यह जगह मुझे बिलकुल अपरिचित है। यहाँ मेरा दम घुटता है। माँ तो यहाँ आकर माँ नहीं रह जाती हैं। उसका प्रिंसिपलवाला यह चेहरा मुझे बिलकुल पसंद नहीं आता। यहाँ माँ व्यस्त ही व्यस्त हैं। अपने लिए कुछ समय निकाल नहीं पातीं। मैं अपनी माँ को चाहता हूँ। किसी प्रिंसिपल को नहीं।

टूटा पहिया Summary in Malayalam and Translation

टूटा पहिया शब्दार्थ

You can Download Keeping Diseases Away Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Solutions Chapter 4 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Solutions Chapter 4 Keeping Diseases Away

Keeping Diseases Away Text Book Questions and Answers

Keeping Diseases Away Kerala Syllabus 10th Question 1.
What are the reasons forthe spread of diseases and list out practical suggestions to avoid such situations?
Answer:

Sslc Biology Chapter 4 Questions And Answers Question 2.
Expand the list by including pathogenic microorganisms?
Answer:

• Bacteria
• Virus
• Fungus
• Protozoa

Biology Class 10 Chapter 4 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
How are pathogens transmitted from one person to another?
Answer:

Communicable diseases:
Communicable diseases are caused by the invasion of pathogens into the body and are transmitted from one person to another.

Rat Fever (Leptospirosis)

Rat fever is a bacterial disease. Bacteria is a prokaryote. They enter the body and multiply through binary fission. The toxins produced by them destroy cells and cause disease.

Hss Live Guru 10th Biology Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What are the measures to be taken to prevent the transmission of rat fever?
Answer:
For controlling diseases like rat fever, eliminate the vectors and take preventive medicines as per the directions of experts. Disease affected persons must undergo diagnostic tests to confirm their illness and should take proper medicines. Ensure personal hygiene and environmental hygiene.

Biology Class 10 Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Other Bacterial Diseases

Diphtheria:

Analyse the information and figure related to diphtheria and prepare a table

Tuberculosis:

Hsslive Guru 10th Biology Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Mode of transmission of other bacterial diseases
Answer:

Hsslive Guru Biology 10th Kerala Syllabus Viral Diseases

Virus has the simple structure with a DNA or RNA molecule within a protein coat. Virus has no cell organelles as seen in normal cells. Hence virus multiplies by taking control over the genetic mechanism of the host cells. Viruses infect not only human beings but also plants, other animals and even bacteria.

Nipah Virus And Transmission Of The Disease:

Virus has the simple structure with a DNA or RNA molecule within a protein coat. Virus has no cell organelles as seen in normal cells. Hence virus multiplies by taking control over the genetic mechanism of host cells. Viruses infect human beings, plants, animals and bacteria

AIDS:
AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is a condition of gradual decrease of immunity by the destruction of lymphocytes by the infection of HIV. HIV enters the body and multiplies using the genetic mechanism of lymphocytes. Hence the number of lymphocytes decreases considerably and reduces the immunity of the body. Various other pathogens which enter the bod^ in such a situation make the condition of AIDS even more fatal

Class 10th Biology Chapter 4 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
What are the ways by which HIV spreads Write your inferences in science diary by analysing illustration?
Answer:

Sslc Biology Chapter 4 Notes Kerala Syllabus  Question 7.
How AIDS does not spread
Answer:

• By touch, shaking hands, coughing sneezing etc
• through insects like mosquitoes, house flies etc.
• by staying together and sharing food.
• Through the reception of blood and organs contaminated with HIV

Class 10 Biology Chapter 4 Notes Kerala Syllabus  Question 8.
Do we need to fear AIDS patients? What should be our attitude towards them Discuss?
Answer:
Unlike other diseases, AIDS can be completely prevented by taking right precautions. AIDS is not a communicable disease. Therefore AIDS virus will not be transferred through social contacts such as touching or sharing food, and water. It is transmitted by sexual contact transfusion of blood, using unsterilized needle and syringe, use of blade and the razor in the barbershops and mother to foetus. So show positive attitude towards AIDS patients. To provide adequate care and attention to AIDS patients and make their relatives and.the public aware of it.

Hepatitis:
Hepatitis is a liver diseases it is also caused by vims. Inflammation of the liver is its major symptom. When the flow of the bile secreted by the liver is blocked, an increase in the level of bile pigment, bilirubin in blood is noticed. This imparts dark yellow colour to the mucous membrane, white portion of the eyes and the nails. This is the external symptom of diseases.

Mode of transmission:
Disease gets transmitted through contaminated food and water blood components and excreta of the patient.

Biology Chapter 4 Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Complete the table of viral diseases and its modes of transmission

Answer:
a) Through body fluids
b) Chickenpox, Dengue fever
c) Chikungunya, Dengue fever.
d) Rabies

Fungal Diseases

Fungi are of various types. Some fungi are pathogenic. The toxins produced by the fungi cause diseases. Ringworm, Athletes’ foot are fungal diseases.
Given below is the table showing fungal diseases, symptoms and mode of infection

Diseases Caused By Protozoa

Protozoans are unicellular eukaryotes. Malaria is an. example for diseases caused by protozoa.

Sslc Biology Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 10.
Prepare a note by analysing illustration and information on malaria.

Answer:
Malaria is caused by the protozoan, plasmodium. Malaria is spread by female Anopheles mosquito. High fever with shivering and profuse sweating are the major symptoms of malaria. Other symptoms include headache, vomiting diarrhoea, anaemia etc. Hoste is man. Symptoms repeat intermittently

Filariasis:
Filariasis is caused by filarial worms that are spread by Culex mosquito. The worms stay in the lymph ducts and obstruct the flow of lymph by blocking the ducts. This causes swelling in the lymph ducts in the legs.

Question 11.
What are the preventive measures to be taken against communicable diseases? What is the significance of observing “Dry Day” in schools and at home? Discuss.
Answer:
Keep the surroundings clean

• Personal hygiene
• Community hygiene
• Eradication of mosquitoes
• Awareness programme – Poster, Rally.

Our carelessness and unclean surroundings are the main reason for the spreading of these types of contagious diseases. Contaminated surroundings promote the multiplication of pathogens and vectors. So it is necessary to avoid situations that lead to communicable diseases. So observing dry day is most effective remedial measure.

Non Pathogenic Diseases

Question 12.
Are diseases caused only by pathogens?
Are they caused by other factors too?
Answer:
No, the diseases are not caused only by pathogens. Many diseases are caused by other factors too. The other factors are

• Lifestyle
• Deficiency of nutrients
• Occupational
• Genetic

Question 13.
Observe the illustration. Give example of diseases for each category.

Answer:

Genetic Diseases

Genes regulate cellular activities. The defects in genes also bring about diseases. Such diseases are called genetic diseases. Haemophilia, sickle cell anaemia etc., are examples of genetic diseases.

Haemophilia:
Haemophilia is the condition that excess blood is lost even through minorwoundsdueto synthesis of protein fails when the genes that control protein synthesis become defective. As haemophilia is a genetic disease a complete cure is not possible. Temporary relief is brought in by injecting the deficient protein identified through clinical diagnosis.

Some social organisations are working for haemophlilia patients who need special care and attention. These organisations volunteerto provide adequate care to haemophilia patients and make their relatives and the public aware of it.

Sickle cell Anaemia:
The defects of genes may also cause deformities in the sequencing of amino acids which are the building blocks of haemoglobin. As a result of this, the structure of haemoglobin changes and this in turn decreases its oxygen carrying capacity.

Question 14.
Why do haemophilia patients loose blood excessively, through minor wounds?
Answer:
Bloods clots with the help of some proteins present in blood plasma. The synthesis of proteins fails when the genes that control protein synthesis become defective. Hence excess blood is lost even through minor wounds.

Question 15.
How does the deformity of red blood cells in sickle cell anaemia patients affect their body?
Answer:
The changes occur in the structure of haemoglobin in red blood cells is cause of these diseases. The blood cells bend like sickle. Decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. The RBCs in the shape of sickle aggregate and block the flow of blood through the blood vessels.

Cancer:
Cancer is caused by the uncontrolled division of cells and their spread to other tissues. The normal cell gets transformed into cancerous cells when the control system of cell division fails. Various reasons such as environmental factors, smoking, radiations, virus, hereditary facts and alternations in genetic material lead to the transformation of normal cells into cancerous cells.

Question 16.
Early identification of cancer helps the treatment easy. What are the treatments for cancer patients?
Answer:
Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy etc. are used in the treatment of cancer.

Question 17.
Many voluntary organisations are involved in our society to offer better care to cancer patients. What are the importance of such activities?
Answer:
These organisations offer better care to cancer patients. Give love and care to the patients. Give nutritious food, clothes, medicine and proper care. This helps make awareness about people.

Lifestyle Diseases

Lifestyle diseases are caused by unhealthy living style. The changes in food habits, lack of physical exercise, stress, bad habits like consumption of alcohol, drug abuse, smoking etc. lead to various lifestyle diseases

Question 18.
Prepare a table showing lifestyle disease and their causes.
Answer:

Question 19.
Observe the following illustration on some of the health problems associated with smoking

Prepare a poster showing slogans against the habit of smoking.
Answer:

• Cigarette smoking is injurious to health.
• Smoking is a social crime.
• Quit smoking, it kill you

Question 20.
Collect more information on the bad effects of smoking and write it in your science diary.
Answer:
Cigarette smoke contains poisonous substances. They badly harm the respiratory system. Carcinogens present in the smoke cause cancer in respiratory system. Bronchitis and Emphysema are diseases prevalent in smokers. Tobacco smoke injures every part of the respiratory system. It injures the lining of the nose, throat, trachea and lungs. Tobacco smokers, therefore , face a higher risk of lung cancer that non-smokers.

Animal Diseases

Question 21.
Prepare table showing animal diseases and their pathogen.

Plant Diseases

Keeping Diseases Away Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Which among the following is not a bacterial disease?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Nipah
c) Diphtheria
d) Anthrax
Answer:
b) Nipah

Question 2.
“Food safety will be adversely affected with the spread of plant diseases”.
a) Do you agree with this statement? Why?
b) Give two examples of plant diseases?
Answer:
a) Yes, I agree with this statement. We cannot make agriculture profitable by the maximum utilisation of farmland. The main reason for decreasing food production is only the plant diseases.
b) (1) Blight diseases
(2) Bunchy top of banana

Question 3.
Prepare a pamphlet including the major measures to be taken to prevent rat fever.
Answer:
For controlling diseases like rat fever, eliminate the vectors and take preventive medicines as per the directions of experts. Disease affected persons must undergo diagnostic tests to confirm their illness and should take proper medicines. Ensure personal hygiene and environmental hygiene.

Question 4.
What is the importance of vaccination in preventing diphtheria?
Answer:
Antitoxins which act against the toxins produced by Corynebacterium diphtheria are used to protect the uninfected cells. But if the disease becomes severe the patient cannot be recovered through medication. So vaccination is the best preventive method.

Question 5.
What health habits should be adopted to prevent lifestyle diseases?
Answer:

• Avoid the use of food containing higher level of fat and salt.
• Control diabetes and high blood pressure time to time
• Take steps to minimize mental pressure.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol consumption.
• Have regular exercise.

Keeping Diseases Away Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare a checklist and collect information on various lifestyle diseases. Find out the lifestyle diseases that are seen commonly. (Hints: Preparing a questionnaire, data collection and analysis)

Question 2.
Prepare and exhibit posters highlighting the fact that social hygiene is as important as personal hygiene.

Keeping Diseases Away More Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the table

Answer:

Question 2.
List the diseases spread by the mosquitoes? Point out the preventive measure.
Answer:
Malaria, Dengue fever, Filariasis, Chikungunya, Yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Zika fever etc. are the diseases spread by mosquitoes.
Preventive measures

• Avoid the circumstances leading to spread of mosquitoes
• Observe “Dry Day” once in two weeks.
• Keep our surroundings clean.
• Practice use of measures like mosquito nets.
• Avoid the habit of littering.
• Do not throw garbage’s in the water bodies.

Question 3.
Suppose cholera is being spread in a particular locality. Suggest the precautionary measures to be adopted in the locality?
Answer:
The bacteria causing cholera spread through water or housefly in the dirty atmosphere. Therefore the first and foremost requirement is to keep the surroundings neat and clean Facilitates of clean atmosphere, personal hygiene and pure drinking water should be made available in the cholera affected locality.

Question 4.
Expansion of DOTS is …………..
Answer:
Directly observed treatment short course.

Question 5.
Complete the table given below.

Answer:

Question 6.
During rainy season Athletes’ foot is common’. Give reason?
Answer:
Athlete’s foot is a skin disease caused by certain types of fungi. Pathogens enterthroughthe toes when they come in contact with contaminated water and soil. That is why in rainy season it is very common

Keeping Away Question 7.
Given below is the graph showing the result of a health survey conducted by students in a locality. Analyse the graph and answerthe following questions.

a) Identify the most common disease in that locality?
b) What are the symptoms of that disease?
c) Name the pathogen of each category of the disease.
Answer:
a) Tuberculosis
b) Loss of body weight, fatigue, persistence cough
c) Dengue fever, chikungunya-virus Tuberculosis, cholera – Bacteria

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Biology Question 8. Compare Haemophilia and Sickle cell anaemia?
Answer:

10th Standard Biology Question 9.  What does the following picture indicate?

Answer:
Sickle cell Anaemia. Red blood cells bend like a sickle so the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells decreases.

Question 10.
Indications about a disease are given in the box. Identify the disease
1. Defects of genes cause deformities in the sequencing of amino acids which are the building blocks of Haemoglobin.
2. Red blood cells bend like a sickle.
3. Decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells.
Answer:
Sickle cell Anaemia.

Question 11.
Smokers and tobacco users are not only subjected to cancer but also many other defects. Evaluate the statement?
Answer:
The statement is correct. There is possibility of diseases like stroke, bronchitis, hypertension etc. apart from cancer in case of frequent users of tobacco products.

Question 12.
Point out some lifestyle habits to prevent heart diseases.
Answer:

• Avoid the use of food containing higher level of fat and salt.
• Control diabetes and high blood pressure time to time
• Take steps to minimize mental pressure.
• Avoid smoking and alcohol consumption.
• Have regular exercise.

Question 13.
“In smokers the ability of blood to receive oxygen is low”.
a) What is the reason for this?
b) Name any two toxic substances present in tobacco? (Model 2015)
Answer:
a) A stable compound, ‘carboxyhaemoglobin’, forms in blood and therefore the transport of oxygen reduces.
b) Nicotine, CO, benzopyrin, Carcinogens (any two)

Question 14.
Analyse the graph showing the diseases that affected the crops in John’s-field and answer the following questions.

a) Identify the most affected crop based on the inference on most prevalent disease.
b) Name the causative agents of the diseases A and C.
c) Which type of insects spread the disease B and D. (Model 2015)
Answer:
a) Paddy
b) Quickwilt- Fungus, Blight disease – Bacteria
c) Aphids

Question 15.
Match the column B and C with column A.

Answer:

Question 16.
Diseases are caused not only by micro organisms. Many of the diseases are caused by bad habits”.
a) Give two suitable examples for the statement given.
b) Substantiate the statement based on the topic habits and diseases. (March 2014)
Answer:
a) Smoking, use of drugs, use of alcohol (any two)
b) Side Effects (three each)

Question 17.
Observe the part of an awareness notice given below:

Precautions:
1. Avoid unprotected sexual relationship
2. Avoid unsterilized injection needles
a) Identify the disease.
b) How unsterilized injection needles transmit this disease? (March 2014)
Answer;
a) AIDS
b) Unsterilized needles used by an AIDS patient contain blood in which HIV present. Transmission through body fluid.

Question 18.
Given below is a graphical representation of the data of individuals who came for treatment on July 2013 in a Government Hospital, Kerala. Analyse the graph and answer the following questions.

a) Which disease is common in this locality?
b) Write a major symptom of this disease.
c) Prepare two posters to be exhibited in an awareness programme against this disease. (March 2014)
Answer:
a) Dengue Fever
b) Blood platelet count decreases internal bleeding and red rashes on the chest or face.
c) Two posters

Question 19.
The blood test of a patient appeared the red blood cells as shown in the figure

a) Identify the affected disease.
b) What are the reasons for this disease?
c) Write a symptom of this disease.
d) How does this disease affect our body? (Model 2013)
Answer:
a) Sickle cell anaemia.
b) Structural deformity in the haemoglobin molecules of the red blood cells due to genetic disorder
c) RBC become sickle-shaped cells.
d) Anaemia due to decreased level of oxygen in the blood and therefore difficulty in doing hard work.

Question 20.
Observe carefully the graph illustrating the data of a survey conducted in certain towns by the Health Department. Analyse the graph and answer to the following questions.

a) Which type of mosquito is dominated in town A?
b) Identify the disease which is likely to be spread in town B. Name the pathogen which causes that disease.
c) Write an important symptom of that disease. (Model 2013)
Answer:
a) Culex mosquitoes
b) Malaria, Protozoa.
c) Severe fever recurring at interval and severe headache.

Question 21.
Name any two bacterial diseases. (March 2012)
Answer:
Any two, For example- Cholera, Typhoid, Rat fever, Leprosy.

Question 22.
Given below are symptoms of a disease.
i) RBC undergo change in shape and transform into sickle-shaped cells.
ii) Oxygen transport to the tissue is reduced.
a) Identify the disease
b) What is the reason for this disease? (March 2012)
Answer:
Sickle cell anaemia, a genetic disorder which deforms the RBC and they become crescent shaped and content of haemoglobin in them is highly reduced.

Keeping Diseases Away Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you mean by disease?
Answer:
A disease is a particular abnormal condition, a deviation from the normal functioning of the body systems.

Question 2.
Qn. 2
The causal’Study of disease is called ……………
Answer:
Pathology

Question 3.
Name some pathogens?
Answer:
Virus, bacterim,fungus, protozoa and worms.

Question 4.
Name some communicable diseases?
Answer:
Dengue fever, chikungunya, chickenpox, cholera, Anthrax etc.

Question 5.
Write 2 slogans for the poster in association with mosquitoes day on August 20.
Answer:

• Keep our surroundings clean.
• Observe “Dry Day” once in two weeks

Question 6.
Prepare a flow chart showing the mode of infection of dengue fever.
Answer:

Question 7.
Given belowthe picture of aedes mosquito name two diseases caused by this mosquito.

Answer:
Denque fever, chikungunya

Question 8.
What is the structure of a virus?
Answer:
Virus has the simple structure with a DNA or RNA molecule within a protein coat.

Qn. 9
Name some viral diseases?
Answer:
Dengue fever, chikungunya, Ebola, chickenpox, SAARS, AIDS, Rabies.

Qn. 10
How does vims multiply?
Answer:
Virus multiplies by taking control over the genetic mechanism of host cells. During this process, the cell gets damaged leading to disease.

Qn. 11
“Virus requires a host cell to get multiplied” Give reason?
Answer:
Virus has no cell organelles as seen in normal cells It has the simple structure with a DNA or RNA molecule within a protein coat.

Question 12.
Identify the picture.

Answer:
HIV virus (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus)

Question 13.
Expansion of AIDS?
Answer:
Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome

Question 14.
Expansion of HIV?
Answer:
Human Immuno Deficiency vims

Question 15.
What is AIDS?
Answer:
AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome) is a * condition of gradual decrease of immunity by the destruction of lymphocytes by the infection of HIV (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus). HIV enters the body multiplies using the genetic mechanism of lymphocytes.

Question 16.
Read this newspaper cutting
“AIDS-affected children were denied admission in School”
What is your opinion about the decision of the school authorities? Is AIDS a communicable disease?
Answer:
The decision taken by the school authority to refuse admission for AIDS-affected children is totally wrong. This is because AIDS is not a communicable disease. Therefore AIDS vims will not be transferred through touching or sharing food, water, air etc.

Question 17.
Do you think that AIDS will spread through mosquitoes and houseflies?
Answer:
No

Question 18.
The following red ribbon is the international symbol to represent a disease identify the disease?

Question 19.
What are the precautions that can be taken to prevent the spread of virus causing AIDS?
Answer:?
Take precaution before receiving blood. Do not use syringe and needles already used. Have safety in sexual relationship.

Question 20.
Though bacteria are generally helpful, some of them are harmful. How?
Answer:
Bacteria multiply through binary fission immediately after entering the body. The toxins produced by these bacteria damage living cells and thereby bring
about diseases.

Question 21.
Name certain bacterial diseases?
Answer:
Cholera, Typhoid, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Anthrax, Botulism, Gonorrhoea and Syphilis.

Question 22.
Complete the table of bacterial disease

Answer:
a) Cholera, Typhoid
b) Through wounds
c) Tuberculosis
d) Anthrax
e) Botulism
f) Through sexual contact

Question 23.
AIDS is a viral disease caused through sexual relations. Give examples of two bacterial diseases that are caused by similar manner?
Answer:
Gonorrhoea, Syphilis

Question 24.
Name a bacterial disease spread through air?
Answer:
Tuberculosis

Question 25.
……………… is a bacterial disease that affected the lungs.
Answer:
Tuberculosis.

Question 26.
Identify the bacteria which causes Tuberculosis?
Answer:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 27.
………….. treatment is recommended for tuberculosis by World Health Organisation.
Answer:
DOTS

Question 28.
What are the major symptoms of Tuberculosis?
Answer:
Loss of body weight, fatigue, persistent cough are the major symptoms of tuberculosis.

Question 29.
Tuberculosis affects the lungs only’. Do you agree with this statement? Substantiate your answer?
Answer:
Tuberculosis mainly affects the lungs. It also affects kidneys, bones, joints, brain etc by this disease.

Question 30.
…………… is the vaccine used against tuberculosis across the world
Answer:
BCG vaccine

Question 31.
DOTS treatment is given to which category of patients?
Answer:
Patients suffering from Tuberculosis.

Question 32.
Write slogans to give awareness for controlling tuberculosis?
Answer:

• Test your sputum if you have prolonged cough fora couple of weeks.
• Take BCG vaccination immediately after the birth of children.

Question 33.
Name a bacterial disease which can be spread through castles?
Answer:
Anthrax

Question 34.
What is Botulism?
Answer:
Food poisoning caused by the growth of bacteria in improperly sterilized tinned meats and other preserved foods.

Question 35.
Give examples of fungal diseases?
Answer:
Ringworm. Athletes’ foot

Question 36.
How does fungal diseases spread?
Answer:
Fungal diseases spread through contact.

Question 37.
How does fungi cause diseases?
Answer:
The toxins produced by the pathogenic fungi cause diseases.

Question 38.
Malaria is caused by
Answer:
The protozoa plasmodium

Question 39.
Vector of malaria disease?
Answer:
Female Anopheles mosquitoes.

Question 40.
Mention the symptoms of malaria?
Answer:
High fiver with shivering and profuse sweating are the major symptoms of malaria. Other symptoms include headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, anaemia etc.

Question 41.
Filariasis is spread by mosquitoes.
Answer:
Culex mosquitoes

Question 42.
Filariasis is caused by worms.
Answer:
Filarial worms

Question 43.
Observe the figure and answer the following questions.
a) Name the disease?
b) Pathogen?
c) Vector?
d) How to prevent the disease?

Answer:
a) Filariasis
b) Filarial worms
c) Culux mosquitoes
d) Mosquito Control

Question 44.
Find the odd one out
a) Dengue fever, malaria, rabies, filariasis
b) Dengue fever, Rabies, chikungunya, Malaria,
Answer:
a) Rabis – rabies spread through animals, others spread through mosquitoes,
b) Malaria – Malaria is caused by protozoa, others are caused by virus.

Question 45.
Compare Malaria and filariasis with the help of the following indicators.
1. Pathogen
2. Vector
3. Symptoms
Answer:

Question 46.
Give reasons “The legs of Filariasis patients’ swell?
Answer:
Because the filarial worms stay in the lymph ducts and obstruct the flow of lymph by blocking the ducts. This causes swelling in the lymph ducts in the legs.

Question 47.
Give example for a few diseases which are not communicable to person to person?
Answer:
Haemophilia, Sickle cell Anaemia, Cancer, Diabetes, Stroke.

Question 48.
Complete the word relation.
Diabetes: Lifestyle disease
Haemophilia: …………….
Answer:
Genetic disease

Question 49.
Differnciate Anaemia and Sickle cell Anaemia.
Answer:
Anaemia is a condition that develops when your blood lacks enough oxygen content due to the lack of iron content in the red blood cells. On the other hand, sickle cell anaemia is a serious inherited blood disorder where the red blood cells which carry oxygen around the body, develop abnormally. In cause of sickle cell anaemia changes occurs in the structure of haemoglobin in red blood cells. Red blood cell bend like a sickle and hence it is called sickle cell anaemia.

Question 50.
The condition that excess blood is lost even through minor wounds is known as ……………
Answer:
Haemophilia

Question 51.
World Haemophilia Day is observed in ……………….
Answer:
April 17

Question 52.
What do you mean by Haemophilia? What causes it? Is it curable by treatment?
Answer:
Haemophilia is the condition that excess blood is lost even through minor wounds due to synthesis of protein fails when the genes that control protein synthesis become defective. As haemophilia is a genetic disease a complete cure is not possible. Temporary relief is brought in by injecting the deficient protein identified through clinical diagnosis.

Question 53.
Why is sickle cell anaemia called a “Sickle disease”?
Answer:
In case of sickle cell, anaemia changes occur in the structure of haemoglobin in red blood cells. Red blood celsl bend like a sickle and hence it is called sickle cell anaemia.

Question 54.
Smoking causes ………………. cancer
Answer:
Lung cancer

Question 55.
Compare a patient of sickle cell anaemia with a healthy person?
Answer:
Compared to a healthy person, of a person having sickle cell anaemia decreases the oxygen carring capacity.

Question 56.
How does smoking affect the following organs? (Brian, Lungs and Heart)
Answer:

Question 57.
Identify the health issues caused by alcohol consumption?
Answer:
1) Causes kidney disease, ulcers, liver cancer, fatty liver etc.
2) Contributes to high blood pressure and stroke
3) Increases blood sugar levels which makes diabetes worse.

Question 58.
Give examples for diseases caused by unhealthy lifestyle?
Answer:
Diabetes, fatty liver, high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack.

Question 59.
‘India – world capital of Diabetes’ – Explain this news headline?
Answer:
Due to unhealthy food and lifestyle habits, the number of diabetic patients sharply increased in India. Apart from over consumption of food, absents of adequate exercise also contribute to diabetes.

Question 60.
‘Diabetes and high blood pressure are silent killers’ Why?
Answer:
Diabetes and hypertension can damage the kidneys. It increases the risk of blindness and dementia. Untreated hypertension increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. Due to these reasons, diabetes and hypertension are called silent killers.

Question 61.
Name some disease that affects the cattle?
Answer:
Anthrax, Foot and mouth disease, Inflammation of udder.

Question 62.
………………….. is the pathogen of Anthrax
Answer:
Bacillus Anthracis (Bacteria)

Question 63.
Complete the table of diseases that affect the domestic animals.

Answer:
a) Virus – High fever, Blisters in the mouth and on feet, Drop in milk production, weight loss
b) Sudden fever, diarrhoea, mouth sores, nausea and vomiting
c) Inflammation of udder – Bacteria – swelling of udder, drop in milk production.

Question 64.
Complete the word relation?
Cattle : Antrax: Bacteria
Cattle: Foot and mouth diseases: ………………
Answer:
Virus

Question 65.
Prepare a table showing important plant diseases and their pathogen?
Answer:

Question 66.
Complete the word relation
Paddy: Blight: Bacteria
Coconut : Budrot:………..
Answer:
Fungus

Question 67.
………………. is a viral disease which spreads from wild animals to human beings.
Answer:
Ebola

Question 68.
Where and when did Ebola was first idientified?
Answer:
Central Africa in March 2014.

Question 69.
Point out the symptoms of Ebola?
Answer:

• Severe fever
• Muscle pain
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Internal and external bleeding

Keeping Diseases Away SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Polluted surroundings and stagnation of water lead to the multiplication of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes carry many diseases to man. One such disease results in the considerable decrease in the number of platelets.
a) Name the disease.
b) Which microbe causes this disease? (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
a) Dengue
b) Dengue virus

Question 2.
Rearrange columns B & C suiting the pictures in column A. (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:
i- b, R
ii – c, P
iii – a, Q

Question 3.
Choose the statements related to virus from those given below.
a) Multiplies by binary fission.
b) Has a simple structure with a DNA or RNA molecule within a protein coat.
c) Toxins produced by them damage living cells.
d) Multiplies by taking control over the genetic mechanism of host cells. (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
b, d

Question 4.

Shown above is one of the presentation slides prepared by Pradeep, as part of the International year of Microbes.
a) Which is the microbe mentioned in the slide?
b) Which disease is caused by this microbe?
c) How does this affect the immunity of the body?
Answer:
a)-HIV
b) – AIDS
c) 1. Multiplies using the genetic mechanism of lymphocytes.
2. Considerable decrease in the number of lymphocytes.
3. Disrupts immunity.

Question 5.
Analyse the statements related to the spread of AIDS and classify them suitably.
a) Through mosquitoes & houseflies.
b) Through body fluids.
c) Through extramarital sexual contact.
d) By touch, shaking hands, coughing etc.
e) From HIV infected mother to foetus.
f) When you sit near an HIV infected friend in the school.

Answer:

Question 6.
Complete the illustration of bacterial diseases given below. (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:
A – Tuberculosis
B – Contaminated water/food
C – Tetanus

Question 7.
An interview with the doctor of the Primary Health Centre regarding tuberculosis, organised by the Health Club is given below. What is your explanation for the questions asked by the children?
a) Which bacteria causes this disease.
b) Write two symptoms of this disease.
c) Name the vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis. (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
a) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
b) Loss of body weight, Fatigue, Persistent cough.
c) BCG

Question 8.
a) What is common between the diseases given in the box?
b) Pick out the odd one. Justify. (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
a) Diseases spread through air
b) Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease and rest all virus diseases

Question 9.
The result of a survey conducted by the Health Department on mosquito-borne diseases is shown in the graph. Analyse the graph and answer the questions.

a) Which disease affects more number of people?
b) Write symptoms of the disease B.
c) Suggest suitable measures to prevent the spread of the diseases shown in the graph. (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
a) Filarial worm
b) High fever with shivering, profuse sweating, headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, anaemia etc.
c) Dengue fever, Malaria, Filariasis are the diseases spread by mosquitoes. So avoid the circumstances leading to spread of mosquitoes. Observe ‘Dry Day’ once in two weeks, keep our surroundings clean, practise use of measures like mosquito nets.

Question 10.
Make suitable pairs using the information given in the box.
Diabetes,
Goitre,
Lifestyle,
Haemophilia,
Deficiency of nutrients,
Genetic. (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:

• Diabetes – lifestyle
• Goitre – deficiency disease
• Haemophilia – genetic

Question 11.
Anjanagets wounded on her foot while playing with her friends. Due to continuous bleeding, her parents take her to the hospital. The doctor’s diagnosis after thorough investigation is given below.
“This has happened as the blood is not clotting. This is a genetic disease.”
a) What is Anjana’s disease?
b) How can temporary relief be brought about for the disease? (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
a) Haemophilia
b) Injecting the deficient protein helps in blood clotting.

Question 12.
Change in the shape of RBC due to genetic disease is shown in the figure.

a) Name the disease shown in the figure.
b) How does the deformity of RBC affect the body?
Answer:
a) Sickle-cell anaemia
b) 1. Decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells.
2. Sickle-shaped RBC aggregate and block the blood flow through blood vessels.

Question 13.
Identify the given symptoms and tabulate them with the name of the disease as headings.
a) The deformity in the sequencing of amino acids of haemoglobin due to the defect of genes.
b) The defect in the production of protein for blood clotting.
c) Excess loss of blood even though a minor wound.
d) The oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells decreases. (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:

Question 14.
You are invited to prepare a presentation slide for the Cancer awareness class, conducted by the Health Club. What explanation will you give to the ideas given below?
a) The disease cancer
b) Reasons for cancer
c) Treatment for cancer (Question Pool – 2017)
Answer:
a) Cells undergo uncontrolled division and spread to other tissues.
b) Environmental factors, smoking, radiations, virus, hereditary factors alteration of genetic materials, chemical substances.
c) Chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy

Question 15.
An early diagnosis of the disease is crucial in the treatment of cancer. Why? (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
It is difficult for the patients to recover if the disease becomes severe.

Question 16.
Choose the ones related to lifestyle diseases from those given below.
a) Hereditary factors
b) Lack of exercise
c) Mental stress
d) Environmental factors ‘
e) Change in food habits
f) Alcoholism, smoking
Answer:
b, C, e, f

Question 17.
Arrange the indicators given in column B suitable to column A.

Answer:
A – iii
B – i,
C – ii

Question 18.
Some health issues due to smoking are given below. Name the affected organ. (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:
A – brain
B – lungs
C – any organ

Question 19.
Make a poster to provide awareness about the health issues due to smoking. (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
Smoking is injurious to health

Question 20.
Classify the diseases given below into animal diseases and plant diseases. (Question Pool 2017)
Anthrax,
Blight disease,
Quick wilt,
Foot and
mouth disease,
Inflammation of udder
Answer:

Question 21.
A study of the Agriculture Department on plant diseases in a panchayath is given below as a graph. Analyse this and answer the questions. (Question Pool 2017)

a) Which is the mostly affected crop?
b) Name the disease that affects pepper.
c) What are the fungal diseases that affected the plants of that area?
Answer:
a) Paddy
b) Quick wilt
c) Bud rot; quick wilt

Question 22.
Analyse the slogan given in the placard and answer the questions

a) What is health?
b) What should be our attitude to patients? (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
a) The complete physical, mental and social wellbeing of a person.
b) Compassion, mercy, sympathy, empathy, pity, service mindedness and helping mentality etc.

Question 23.
Given below is a doubt raised by Asna when she notices that lungs are mentioned in an advertisement against smoking.
“Does smoking affect only the lungs?”
As a science student, what explanation will you give for this question? (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:

• No
• Affects the Brain, Heart and Blood Vessels.

Question 24.
Nandu: Smoking causes cancer.
Mahesh: Smoking causes lifestyle diseases. Analyse the possibilities of these two statements and write your interpretation. (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
The statements of both of them are correct. Smoking causes cancer and lifestyle diseases like stroke and hypertension.

Question 25.
Choose the correct statement.
a) Malaria, Filariasis, Cholera etc. are spread by mosquitoes.
b) Anthrax & Rabies are transmitted from animal to man.
c) Tuberculosis, SARS and chickenpox spread through air.
d) Syphilis, Gonorrhoea and Botulism spread (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:
b, c

Question 26.
Analyse the diseases given below and arrange them suitably in the boxes provided,
a. Blight
b. Botulism
c. Ebola
d. Inflammation
e. Quick wilt
f. Foot and of udder mouth disease

Answer:
(a)
(d)
(b)
(e)
(f)
(c)

Question 27.
Classify the diseases given in the box suitably,
a. Anthrax
b.AIDS
c. Bud rot
d. Foot and mouth
e. Athletes foot
f. Tetanus disease
Answer:
Bacteria – (a), (f)
Virus – (b), (d)
Fungus – (c), (e)

Question 28.
Classify the diseases given below based on the mode of transmission. (Question Pool 2017)
1. SAARS,
2. Chikungunya,
3. AIDS,
4. Gonorrhoea,
5. Malaria,
6. Dengue,
7. Syphilis,
8. Chickenpox,
9. Tuberculosis
Answer:

Question 29.

Answer:
i) – (b) – (Q)
(ii) – (c) – (P)
(iii) – (a) – (R)

Question 30.
A few characteristic features of microorganisms are given below. Analyse them and complete the illustration. (Question Pool 2017)

Answer:
A – (iii)
B – (ii)
C – (iv)

Question 31.
Cause of all diseases are microorganisms. All microorganisms are pathogens. Evaluate this statement and justify your answer giving suitable examples. (Question Pool 2017)
Answer:

• Do not agree with this statement.
• Diseases occur without pathogens also, etc. diabetes/stroke/ cancer etc.
• All micro organises are not pathogens. There are useful microorganisms also.

eg: Bacteria seen in the intestine and skin.

Question 32.
Read the statements and answer the questions given below.

a) Identify the disease?
b) Identify the pathogen?
c) Give scientific explanation against the tendency of isolating these persons from the society?
Answer:
a) AIDS
b) HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
c) This tendency is wrong. HIV spreads only through body fluids, but not by touching, biting, kissing, sneezing, cough, drinking or eating food.

Question 33.
“Unhealthy lifestyle invites diseases”. Justify the statement with examples. (Orukkam 2017)
Answer:
Unhealthy lifestyle may cause diseases like diabetes, fatty liver, hypertension, stroke and heart attack. Smoking may cause lung cancer, bronchitis, emphysema and decrease in the ability of heart.

Question 34.
The extent of the disease affected crops in Rajesh’s farm is represented graphically. Analyse the graph and answer the given questions. (Orukkam – 2017)

a) Identify the most affected crop.
b) Identify the least affected crop.
c) Pair the pathogen and diseases of affected crops,
Answer:
a) Banana
b) Pepper
c) 1. Blight – Bacteria
2. Wilt – Bacteria
3. Bunch top – virus
4. Quick wilt – Fungus

Question 35.
a) What is cancer?
b) How normal cells get transformed into cancerous cells?
c) What are the methods adopted in cancer treatment? (Orukkam 2017)
Answer:
a) Cancer is the condition by which uncontrolled division of cells and their spread to other tissues
b) Environmental factors, smoking, radiations, viruses, hereditary factors and alteration in genetic materials.

Question 36.
The symptoms of a communicable disease are given below.
Loss of body weight, fatigue, persistent cough
a) Name the disease?
b) Identify the pathogen?
c) How this disease is transmitted? (Orukkam 2017)
Answer:
a) Tuberculosis
b) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Bacteria)
c) Through air

Students can Download Kerala SSLC Malayalam Previous Year Question Paper March 2019 (Kerala Padavali) Pdf, Kerala SSLC Malayalam Model Question Papers with Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala SSLC Malayalam Previous Year Question Paper March 2019 (Kerala Padavali)

Time: 2½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

Students can Download Adisthana Padavali Unit 3 Chapter 3 Ammayude Ezhuthuka Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity, Adisthana Padavali Malayalam Standard 10 Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Adisthana Padavali Malayalam Standard 10 Guide Unit 3 Chapter 3 Ammayude Ezhuthukal

Ammayude Ezhuthukal Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

Students can Download Kerala SSLC Chemistry Model Question Paper 4 Malayalam Medium Medium Pdf, Kerala SSLC Chemistry Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala SSLC Chemistry Model Question Paper 4 Malayalam Medium Medium

General Instructions:

1. The first 15 minutes is the cool off time. You may use the time to read and plan your answers.
2. Answer the questions only after reading the instructions and questions thoroughly.
3. Questions with marks series 1, 2, 3 and 4 are categorized as sections A, B, C and D respectively.
4. Five questions are given in each section. Answer any four from each section.
5. Answer each question by keeping the time.

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

Students can Download Kerala SSLC Physics Model Question Paper 4 Malayalam Medium Pdf, Kerala SSLC Physics Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Board New Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala SSLC Physics Model Question Paper 4 Malayalam Medium

General Instructions:

1. The first 15 minutes is the cool off time. You may – use the time to read and plan your answers.
2. Answer the questions only after reading the instructions and questions thoroughly.
3. Questions with marks series 1, 2, 3 and 4 are categorized as sections A, B, C and D respectively.
4. Five questions are given in each section. Answer any four from each section.
5. Answer each question by keeping the time.

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 5 Culture and Nationalism

Answer the following. Score 1 each.

A. Choose the correct option.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Textbook Pdf Question 1.
The founder of Brahma Samaj.
Ram Mohan Roy
Swami Vivekananda
Swami Dayananda Saraswati
Answer:
Ram Mohan Roy

Question 2.
Sarada Sadan in Bombay for women’s education was established by.
Annie Besant
Mira Bai
Rema Bai
Answer:
Rema Bai

Question 3.
Who founded Arya Samaj?
Swami Vivekananda
Swami Dayananda Saraswati
Ram Mohan Roy
Answer:
Swami Dayananda Saraswathy

Question 4.
The newspaper ‘Kesari’ was published by
Lala Lajpat Rai
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Dadabai Naoroji
Answer:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Question 5.
Who published the newspapers ‘Young India’ and ‘Harijan ’?
Annie Besant
Surendranath Banerji
Mahatma Gandhi
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi

Question 6.
The British Viceroy who enacted the Vernacular Press Act in 1878
Lord Lytton
Lord Rippon
Lord Macaulay
Answer:
Lord Lytton

Question 7.
The first Indian Women University in Maharashtra was started by
Aurabindo Ghosh
D.K.Karve
G. GAgarkar
Answer:
D.K.Karve

Question 8.
Who founded Kerala Kalamandalam?
Vallathol Narayana Menon
Amshi Narayana Pillai
Raja Ravi Varma
Answer:
Vallathol Narayana Menon

Question 9.
The author of the Bengali play ‘Nil Darpan ’
Dinabandhu Mitra
Satyendranath Tagore
Sisirkumar Ghosh
Answer:
Dinabandhu Mitra

Question 10.
Who authored the novel ‘Anandamath’?
Rabindranath Tagore
Bankim Chandra Chatterji
Dinabandhu Mitra
Answer:
Bankim Chandra Chatterji

Question 11.
Who penned the famous patriotic song ‘Sore Jahan Se Accha, Hindustan Hamara’?
Prem Chand
Altaf Hussain Hali
Muhammad Iqbal
Answer:
Muhammad Iqbal

Question 12.
Who wrote the famous Malayalam song ‘Varika Varika Sahachare ’?
Vallathol Narayana Menon
Kumaran Asan
Amshi Narayana Pillai
Answer:
Amshi Narayana Pillai

Question 13.
Who painted the pictures ‘Sati’and ‘Village Drummer ’?
Nandalal Bose
Amrita Sher-Gil
Raja Ravi Varma
Answer:
Nandalal Bose

Question 14.
The first person to hoist Indian tricolour flag in an international forum.
Aruna Asaf Ali
Sarada Ben
Madam Bhikaji Cama
Answer:
Madam Bhikaji Cama

Question 15.
Who founded Ramakrishna Mission?
Swami Vivekananda
Swami Dayananda Saraswati
Atmaram Pandurang
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda

Question 16.
The leader of ‘Self Respect Movement ’
E. V.Ramaswamy Naicker
Sree Narayana Guru
Jyotiba Phule
Answer:
E.V.Ramaswamy Naicker

Question 17.
The founder of ‘Asiatic Society of Bengal’
William Jones
Jonathan Duncan
Warren Hastings
Answer:
William Jones

Question 18.
The founder of Aligarh Movement
Muhammad Iqbal
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
M.A.Ansari
Answer:
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

Question 19.
Who is known as the ‘Liberation of the Indian Press ’?
William Bentick
Lord Lytton
Charles Metcalf
Answer:
Charles Metcalf

Question 20.
The author of ‘Ente Gurunathan ’ and ‘Bappuji ’
Vallathol Narayana Menon
Amshi Narayana Pillai
Kumaran Asan
Answer:
Vallathol Narayana Menon

B. Fill in the blanks based on the relationship of the pair.

1. a. Ram Mohan Roy : Brahma Samaj
b. Swami Vivekananda:……………….
Answer:
Ramakrishna Mission

2. a. Prarthana Samaj : Campaigned for inter
caste marriage
b. Ary a Samaj : Opposed ………………….
Answer:
Child marriage

3. a. Atmaram Pandurang : Social reformer
b. GSubramania Iyer:……………….
Answer:
Journalist

4. a. Bal Gangadhar Tilak : Kesari
b. Lala Lajpat Rai :……………………….
Answer:
Vandematharam

5. a. Bengali : Surendranath Banerji
b. Nation:…………………….
Answer:
Gopal Krishna Gokhale

6. a. Mahadev Govinda Ranade : Deccan
Education Society
b. Rabindranath Tagore:…………………
Answer:
Visva Bharati University

7. a. Prem Chand : Hindi
b. Vishnu Krishna Chiplunkar : …………………….
Answer:
Marathi

8. a. Ghora : Rabindranath Tagore
b. Rangabhumi :……………..
Answer:
Prem Chand

C. Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
What is meant by nationalism?
Answer:
Nationalism is the sense of unity that exists among the people of a nation irrespective of caste, creed, region and religion.

Question 2.
Write the reasons for the emergence of various social reform movements in the 19^th century.
Answer:
Liberal outlook, passion for modernization and rationalism nurtured in Indian society.

Question 3.
What was the primary aim of leaders of social reforms?
Answer:
To bring about fundamental changes in Indian society.

Question 4.
Name the social reform movement founded by Ram Mohan Roy.
Answer:
Brahma Samaj

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science First Term Question Paper Question 5.
When did the British government pass the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act? Which social reformer argued for remarriage of widows?
Answer:

• The British government passed the Hindu
  Widow Remarriage Act in 1856. –
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar argued for remarriage of widows.

Question 6.
Who founded Ramakrishna Mission? What were its main ideologies?
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission
Ideologies:

• Opposed caste system and social evils.
• Propagated the concepts of liberty, equality and freedom of thought.

Question 7.
What were the main ideologies of the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam?
Answer:

• Opposed caste system and evil practices.
• Advocated for social and economic progress of the backward classes.

Question 8.
Name the newspaper published under the leadership of Annie Besant.
Answer:

• New India
• Common Wheel

Question 9.
Which were the newspapers started by Ram Mohan Roy focusing on democracy and nationalism?
Answer:

• Sambath Kaumudi in Bengali
• Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian

Question 10.
Who founded Visva Bharati University? Where is it located?
Answer:

• Rabindranath Tagore founded Visva Bharati University, focussing on universal brotherhood.
• It is in Calcutta

Question 11.
Who composed the song ‘Bandemataram’? From which book is this song taken?
Answer:

• Bankim Chandra Chatterji composed the song Bandemataram.
• The song is taken from his novel ‘ Anandamath’.

Question 12.
Name the Bengali play depicting the severe exploitation suffered by indigo farmers in Bengal. Who wrote it?
Answer:

• The Bengali play Nil Darpan
• It is written by Dinabandhu Mitra
• The play triggered farmer’s unrest in various parts of the country.

Question 13.
Name the Urdu poet who praised the beauty of India’s nature and unity of its people. Which is his famous song?
Answer:

• Urdu poet Muhammad Iqbal
• His famous patriotic song ¡s ‘Sare Jahan Se Acchab Hindustan Hamara’.

Question 14.
Which were the books written by Vallathol Narayana Menon focussing on nationalism?
Answer:

• Ente Gurunathan
• Bappuji
• Indiayude Karachil

Question 15.
What were the peculiarities of the water colour painting ‘Bharat Mata’ by Abanindranath Tagore?
Answer:

• The painting ‘Bharat Mata’ depicts Bharat Mata giving food, cloth and knowledge to Indian masses.
• This painting helped to inculcate patriotism in Indian minds.

Question 16.
Why did Abanindranath Tagore start Indian society of Oriental Arts?
Answer:

• To free Indian painting from western style.
• To promote oriental painting based on Indian culture and tradition.

Question 17.
Name the famous paintings of Nandalal Bose.
Answer:

• Sati
• Village Drummer

Question 18.
What kind of attitude was created in favour of nationalism by the painting ‘Sati ’ of Nandalal Bose?
Answer:

• The painting ‘Sati’ visualized the dilemma of a woman who was forced to commit Sati.
• This painting touched Indian hearts and stimulated protest against the social evils.
• An attitude to eradicate discrimination against women.

Answer the following. Score 2 each.

Question 1.
The 19^th century India witnessed two types of protests in ideological and cultural spheres. Which were they?
Answer:

• Protest against inequality, violations of rights and social evils which existed in Indian society.
• Protest against the economic exploitation of the colonial forces.

Question 2.
The social reform movements in India had two main objectives. Which were they?
Answer:

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• To ensure equal civil rights to education, travel and dress code.

Question 3.
What were the main ideologies of Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati?
Answer:

• Campaigned against idol worship and child marriage.
• Promoted women education and widow re-marriage.

Question 4.
Write the main ideologies put forward by Satyashodhak Samaj.
Answer:

• Satyashodhak Samaj started by Jyotiba Phule opposed social evils and domination of priests.
• Started educational institutions for backward classes.

Question 5.
Who enacted the Vernacular Press Act? Why?
Answer:

• The Vernacular Press Act was enacted by Lord Lytton in 1876.
• The British realized the power of the Indian Press. So they decided to impose stringent measures to control them. The aim of the Vernacular Press Act was to curb the freedom of press in regional languages.

Question 6.
Identify the benefits of education.
Answer:

• To bring about changes in society.
• To maintain unity.

Question 7.
Who proposed Wardha Education Plan? What are its features?
Answer:
In 1937, Gandhiji proposed a special education plan called Wardha Education Plan.

• Its major objective was vocational education. Gandhiji thought that vocational training during education would help build up a good future.
• Gandhiji believed that such a generation could defend the British.

Question 8.
What were the major objectives of national educational institutions?
Answer:

• Promotion of nationalism
• Opposition to social evils
• Rejection of western education

Question 9.
Visva Bharati University was an example for the international outlook of Rabindranath Tagore. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Visva Bharati University founded by Tagore focused on universal brotherhood.
• Tagore aimed at a system of education that would bridge western and eastern cultures.

Question 10.
What did Bankim Chandra Chatterji illustrate through his novel ‘Anandamath’?
Answer:

• Through his novel ‘Anandamath’ the Bengali writer Bankim Chandra Chatterji portrayed the plight of Indian society. Anandamath was based on the Sanyasi Revolt of Bengali peasants.
• Chatterji illustrated the agonies of Bengali farmers and disparity between rich and poor in Bengali society.

Question 11.
What were the specialities of the paintings of Amrita Sher-Gil?
Answer:
Amrita Sher-Gil, a famous woman artist of India painted the sufferings of Indian villages in dark shades ably reflecting their predicaments. Her paintings also motivated people to think about a unified India.

Question 12.
Write the features of the first tricolour flag designed during the time of Swadeshi Movement.
Answer:

• The tricolour flag was first designed during the time of the Swadeshi Movement.
• The flag contained 8 lotuses representing 8 provinces in British India and a crescent representing Hindu-Muslim fraternity.

Question 13.
What were the factors that urged Gandhiji to form a plan for vocational education?
Answer:

• Vocational training during education would help to build up a good future.
• Such a generation ‘could resist the British.

Answer the following. Score 3 each.

Question 1.
Match the table suitably.

Answer:

Question 2.
What were the aims of the British in implementing English education in India?
Answer:

• To nurture a fraction of Indian society that would support Britain.
• To prepare a generation that favours English lifestyles.
• To create a class of persons Indians in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals and in intellect.

Question 3.
What were the proposals of social reformers to bring about fundamental changes in Indian society during British rule?
Answer:

• Eradicate caste system.
• Provide education to all.
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Protect the rights of all.

Question 4.
Evaluate the role of literary works in regional languages in promoting the growth of nationalism.
Answer:
Writers in various parts of India illustrated the agonies and atrocities faced by the people. The readers in other parts experienced these sorrows as theirs and ventured to fight them collectively. Writers shared their resentments with the people through poetry, novel, drama, etc.

The ‘Anandamath’ of Bankim Chandra Chatterji and ‘NilDarpan’ of DinabanduMitra depicted the sad plight of Bengali farmers, the exploitation that they suffered and the disparity between the rich and the poor. Literary works like ‘Ghora’ and ‘Gitanjali’ of Rabindranath Tagore, ‘Sevasadan’ and ‘Godan’ of Prem Chand and ‘Ente Gurunathan’ and ‘Bappuji’ ofVallathol Narayana Menon could inculcate a sense of a unified India among the public. These works developed a sense of patriotism and nationalistic feeling among the people.

Question 5.
Which are the national symbols that helped to nurture nationalism in Indian minds?
Answer:

• National flag – The tricolour flag
• National Emblem – Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath
• National Anthem – Janaganamana
• National Song – Vande Mataram

Question 6.
Complete the sun diagram.

Answer:

Question 7.

Some examples of news during the national struggle are given. Explain how the newspapers influenced nationalism through such news.

The newspapers of this period upheld nationalism, democracy and opposition to the oppressive rule.

• Disseminated information on massacres, oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country. Eg. Firing and massacre in Punjab.
• Reported the calamities like plague and famine that killed thousands of Indians in various regions. Eg. Bengal famine.
• Kept abreast of the global agitation for freedom, democracy and equality. Eg. Freedom struggle in China.

Through the publication of each news, the news papers could intensitS’ the opposition to foreign rule and helped the growth of nationalism and national
consciousness.

Question 8.
How did the interference of the British, in the field of education, create a sense of unity among the people?
Answer:

• The Indians who got English education found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British.
• Those who had English education started national education institutions.
• They encouraged secular education.
• Jointly worked together against the inequalities of Indian society.

Question 9.
The protest of a writer against the existing exploitative system of a nation will create a sense of unity among the people of that country. Substantiate the statement on the basis of the works of writers during the British rule.
Answer:

• Writers through their works opposed the economic exploitation of India by the British and the social evils that existed in the country.
• Writers described the miseries of people.
• Created a fellow feeling among the people so that the miseries of the people of other region were considered as their own.
• Writers described the realities of the lives of Indians.
• All these developed among the people a sense of patriotism and resentment to foreign rule.

Question 10.
Explain the role of newspapers in propagating the ideas of Indian national movement.
Answer:

• Criticised the activities of the British government through newspapers.
• Made the people aware of the social reform movements formed against the social evils and practices of
  Indian society.
• Newspapers were published in various languages.
• Newspapers gave emphasis on nationalism, social reform and democracy.

Question 11.
How did Indian leaders utilize education to promote unity among Indians against the British?
Answer:
Education and nationalism :
India witnessed the conflict of two diversive interests in the 19^thcentury. They were the British interest to gain political, economic and cultural hegemony over India and the Indian interest to free the country from political, economic and cultural domination of the British. Education was the major field which witnessed this conflict of interests.

The English educated Indians found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British. They started national educational institutions. Encouraged secular education. Education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India. Thus, education created a nationalistic perspective among Indians.

• Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. They imparted secular education to all sections of the society. The Deccan Education Society founded in 1884 in Pune by GG Agarkar, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahadev Govind Ranade was such an institution.
• The Swadeshi Movement started in 1906 founded many educational institutions for the propagation of national education.
• Visva Bharati, the University founded by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengal aimed at a system of education that would bridge western and eastern cultures.
• A team led by Maulana Mohammad Ali, Shoukath Ali, Dr.Zakir Hussain and M.A.Ansari founded the Jamia Millia Islamia in Aligarh to strengthen national movement through secular education.
  All these have helped for the evolution of Indian nationalism.

Question 12.
Assess the role of national education in the emergence of Indian nationalism-
Answer:
Role of national education in the emergence of Indian nationalism:
Education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. The Indian leaders utilized education as a tool to nurture the concept of unity and for liberation from the British domination.

• Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. They imparted secular education to all sections of the society. The Deccan Education Society founded in 1884 in Pune by G.G.Agarkar, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahadev Govind Ranade was such an institution.
• The Swadeshi Movement started in 1906 founded many educational institutions for the propagation of national education.
• Visva Bharati, the university founded by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengal aimed at a system of education that would bridge western and eastern cultures.
• A team led by Maulana Mohammad Ali, Shoukath Ali, Dr.Zakir Hussain and M.A.Ansari founded the Jamia Millia Islamia in Aligarh to strengthen national movement through secular education.

Question 13.
What were the contributions of Dinabandhu Mitra in the emergence of Indian nationalism?
Answer:
Contributions of Dinabandhu Mitra:
Social reforms, press, education, literature and art paved the way for the emergence of Indian nationalism. The Bengali writer Dinabandhu Mitra wrote the play ‘Nil Darpan’. It depicted the severe exploitation suffered by the indigo farmers in Bengal.

It was staged in many places and greatly influenced the people. The Indian Association started by Surendranath Banerjee campaigned for the welfare of the Bengali farmers taking cue from the issues depicted in Nil Darpan. This play triggered farmer’s unrest in various parts of the country.

Answer the following. Score 4 each.

Question 1.
Why did Indian leaders find it necessary to resist the intrusion of English culture and ideologies into Indian society?
Answer:

• When the Indian leaders realized that English culture and ideologies would destroy Indian culture, they began to resist its invasion.
• English educated Indians who internationalized the concept of democracy, liberty, rationalism, equality and civil rights opposed this cultural invasion.
• They ventured to reform the social customs and rituals prevailed in the country, thereby to defend the invasion of English culture.
• They tried to reform Indian society, language, art and literature.
• It motivated to protest against inequalities and violation of rights and created a sense of unity among the people.

Question 2.
Discuss the role of Ram Mohan Roy in the social reform movement in India.
Answer:

• Ram Mohan Roy was the pioneer among social reformers who strived for the modernization of Indian society.
• He opposed caste system and ‘Sati’, the social evils in India and established Brahma Samaj.
• He propagated the idea of a unified Indian society in the place of a society fragmented over caste lines.
• His ideas prompted patriotism among the Indians.

Question 3.
Which were the social evils that the British abolished through law in India as a result of the activities of social reformers?
Answer:

• Abolished Sati
• Permitted widow remarriage
• Banned female infanticide
• Prevented child marriage and polygamy
• Prevented marriage of girls below 12 years of age
• Abolished slavery

Question 4.
Evaluate role of newspapers in promoting the growth of nationalism among the Indians.
Or
How far did the newspapers influence the Indians during the period of National Smuggle?
Answer:

• The newspapers functioned with the aims to create public awareness of various social issues, to motivate everyone to participate in the national movement and to prompt the people to treat the problem anywhere in the country as a national problem.
• Created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British.
• Disseminated information on massacres, oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country.
• Kept abreast of the global agitations for freedom, democracy and equality.
• Motivated the people to protest against the British rule and evils in Indian society.
  All these helped the growth of nationalism.

Question 5.
Analyse the role of education in the growth of Indian nationalism.
Answer:

• The progress in education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India.
• Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians.
• The establishment of national educational institutions inculcated the growth of nationalism. The Deccan Education Society and die Jamia Millia Islamia imparted secular education to all sections and it strengthened national movement and nationalism. They provided secular education.
• Indian leaders utilized education as a tool to nurture the concept of unity and for liberation from British domination.

Question 6.
The progress in the field of art strengthened Indian nationalism. Substantiate.
Answer:

The water colour painting ‘Bharat Mata’ by Abanindranath Tagore helped to inculcate patriotism in Indian minds. It depicts Bharat Mata giving food, cloth and knowledge to Indian masses.

Nandalal Bose portrayed scenes from Indian literature and events in history. His famous painting ‘Sati’ visualized the dilemma of a woman who was forced to commit Sati, a social evil. This painting touched Indian hearts and stimulated protest against this social evil. His another painting ‘Village Drummer’ also helped to strengthen nationalism.

Amrita Sher-Gil painted the sufferings of Indian villagers in dark shades ably reflecting their predicaments. Her paintings also motivated people to think about a unified India.

Raja Ravi Varma visualized various scenes from Indian epics and literature.

Question 7.
The following are some literary works that helped the growth of Indian nationalism. Identify their authors and the language in which they are written.

Nil Darpan
Ente Gurunathan
Rangabhumi
Panchalisapadam
Answer:

Question 8.
Match the items in column A with the appropriate item in column B.

Answer:

Question 9.
How did the activities of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and Pandita Ramabai lead the social progress of women?
Answer:

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy :
  Opposed caste system and Sati. To improve the status of women, he advocated for the right of women to own property.
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:
  Argued for the remarriage of widows. As a result, the British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856. Established educational institutions for women.
• Pandita Ramabai:
  Established Sarada Sadan in Bombay for women education.

Question 10.
What is the basis for the nationalism of Indians? List the factors contributed to the growth of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
As a nation, unity in diversity is the solid foundation of India.
Factors contributed to the growth of Indian nationalism:

• British rule
• Economic exploitation of the British
• Social reform movements
• Educational progress
• Newspapers
• Literature and art

Question11.
Analyse the factors that prompted the British to introduce English education in India.
Answer:

• An in-depth understanding of the socio – cultural life of the Indians was essential to strengthen the British rule.
• The realisation that people’s support is essential to implement administrative reforms and to continue the administration
• To prepare a generation that would be loyal to the British.
• The realisation that these could be accomplished through the introduction of English education.

Question 12.
Why is it said that social reforms decisively influenced the growth of Indian nationalism?
Answer:

• Social reform movements helped to eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• Succeeded in defending the invasion of English culture.
• The educational activities of social reformers, helped to awaken nationalism among the people.
• Social reforms helped to instill a sense of unity among the people which took them to the main stream of national movement.

Question 13.
Discuss the role of newspapers in a democratic system.
Answer:

• Disseminate news from all parts of the world.
• Formulate opinion to strengthen democracy.
• All the actions and policies of the government are subjected to criticism.
• Play the role of a constructive opposition.
• Disseminate scientific knowledge.
• Make the people aware of the social problems

Question 14.
List the ideas envisioned in national education.
Answer:

• Secularism
• Nationalism
• Women empowerment
• Protest against foreign rule and caste system
• Internationalism
• Revival of traditional arts

Question 15.
Who wrote the drama ‘Nil Darpan’? How did it influence the National Movement?
Answer:
Nil Darpan :
Bengali writer Dindabandhu Mitra wrote the play ‘Nil Darpan’. The play depicted the severe exploitation suffered by the indigo farmers in Bengal. It was staged in many places and greatly influenced the people. Indian Association, started by Surendranath Banergee campaigned for the welfare of the Bengali farmers taking cue from the issues depicted in ‘Nil Darpan’. This play triggered farmers’ unrests in various parts of the country.

Question 16.
Compare the policies of British education and national education during national movement.
Answer:

Answer the following. Score 5/6 each.

Question 1.
Describe the various social reform movements in India in the 19’h century.
Answer:
Liberal outlook, passion of modernization and rationalism nurtured in Indian society paved for the emergence of various social reform movements. The social reform movements in India had two main objectives.

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• To ensure equal civil rights to education, travel and dress code.
  The following were the social reform movements and their ideologies,

Brahma Samaj:
Ram Mohan Roy established Brahma Samaj. He was the pioneer among the social reformers who strived for the modernization of Indian society. He opposed the social evils like
Caste system and Sati. To improve the status of women, he advocated for the right of women to own property.

Arya Samaj:
Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded Arya Samaj. It campaigned against idol worship and child marriage. Swami Dayananda opposed Caste system, supremacy of the clergy, untouchability and polygamy. He also stood for women education.

Ramakrishna Mission:
Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission to propagate the message of his Guru Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. It opposed caste system and social evils. It propagated the concepts of liberty, equality and freedom of thought.

Aligarh Movement:
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan started the Aligarh Movement. It advocated for social and educational uplift of Indian Muslims.

Prarthana Samaj:
Atmaram Pandurang founded Prarthana Samaj. It campaigned for interdining, inter caste marriage, widow remarriage and the uplift of women and backward classes. The Samaj started orphanages, night classes and women education centres for social service and the spread of education.

Theosophical Society:
Annie Besant was the founder of Indian Theosophical Society. It stood for the resurgence of Hindu religion. It fought against child marriage. Annie Beasant started a Central Hindu School in Banaras.

HitakariniSamaj:
Veeresalingam founded Hitakarini Samaj. It campaigned for widow remarriage and women education. Opposed caste system and child marriage.

Satyashodhak Samaj:
Jyotiba Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj. It opposed social evils and domination of priests. It also started educational institutions for backward classes.

Self Respect Movement:
E.V.Ramaswami Naicker founded Self Respect Movement. It opposed Brahmanical supremacy and Caste system.

Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam:
Sree Narayana Guru founded SNDP yogam. It opposed caste system and evil practices. It also advocated for social and economic progress of the backward classes.

Question 2.
Discuss the socio-cultural factors that led to the growth of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
The various socio-cultural factors that paved the way for the growth of Indian nationalism were:

• Newspapers
• Education
• Literature
• Art
• Social reforms

Newspapers:
Indian leaders mostly depended on newspapers to propagate their nationalistic ideologies. The newspapers criticized the British policies and motivated national movement. The newspapers during freedom struggle functioned with the aims to create public awareness of various social issues, to motivate everyone to participate in the national movement and to prompt the people to treat the problem anywhere in the country as a national problem.

The newspapers created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British and on the massacres, oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country. Newspapers like Sambath Kaumudi, Harijan, The Hindu and Bengali contributed greatly to the growth of nationalism.

Education:
Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. The Deccan Educational Society founded in 1884 in Pune was an educational institution established with a nationalistic perspective.

The Visva Bharati University founded by Rabindranath Tagore aimed at a system of education that would bridge western and eastern cultures. Education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalistic perspective among the Indians.

Literature:
The protest against the British rule as well as social evils existed in the Indian society reflected in Indian literature. Writers in various parts of India illustrated the agonies and atrocities faced by the people. The readers in other parts experienced these sorrows as theirs and ventured to fight them collectively. Writers shared their resentments with people through poetry, novel, drama, etc.

This developed among the people a sense of patriotism and dissent towards foreign dominance. The works like Gitanjali and Ghora of Rabindranath Tagore, Nil Darpan of Dinabandhu Mitra and the famous patriotic song ‘Sare Jahan Se Accha Hindustan Hamara’ by Muhammad Iqbal helped the growth of nationalism among the people. Creative expressions of Indian writers helped to inculcate the concept of a unified India among the public.

Art:
Artists and painters also contributed to the growth of nationalism among Indians. The water colour painting ‘Bharat Mata’ by Abanindranath Tagore helped to inculcate patriotism in Indian minds. He tried to free Indian painting from western style and promoted oriental painting.

The paintings ‘Sati’and ‘Village Drummer’by Nandalal Bose instilled nationalism among the people. The paintings of Amrita Sher-Gil who painted the sufferings of Indian villages in dark shades motivated people to think about a unified India.

Social reforms:
The social reforms that emerged in India in the 19^th century paved the way for the growth of Indian nationalism. Ram Mohan Roy, the pioneer among social reformers is considered as The Father of Indian nationalism. The social reform movements of this period like Brahma Samaj, Arya Samaj, Theosophical Society, Ramakrishna Mission, etc. roused the awareness of nationalism among the Indians.

These movements tried to put an end to the caste system and social evils prevailing in the Indian society. Ram Mohan Roy propagated the idea of a unified Indian society in the place of a society fragmented over caste lines. This idea prompted patriotism among the people.

Question 3.
Match the items related to Column A-from Columns B and C.

Answer:

Question 4.
Match the items related to Column A from Columns B and C.

Answer:

Question 5.
Arrange the following events in chronological order.

• Established the first Women University in India
• Vernacular Press Act
• Wardha Education Plan
• British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act
• Haripura Session of Indian National Congress
• Introduced English education in India

Answer:

• Introduced English Education in India (1835)
• British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856)
• Vernacular Press Act (1878)
• Established the first Women University in India (1916)
• Wardha Education Plan (1937)
• Haripura Session of Indian National Congress (1938)

Question 6.
To what extent the ideas put forward by the social reform movements of India during the 19th century were suitable for social change in India? Evaluate.
Answer:

• To eradicate caste system.
• To protect the rights of all people.
• To promote the ideas of liberty, equality and freedom of thought.
• To eliminate discrimination against women.
• To promote widow remarriage.
• To abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.
• To provide education for all.
• To oppose Brahmin domination.
• To oppose evil practices.
• To encourage interdining and intercaste marriage.
• To work for the upliftment of women and backward classes.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions