Plus One

Kerala Plus One Business Studies Model Question Paper 2

General Instructions

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give provided wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer the following questions from 1 to 9. Each carries 1 score.

Question 1.
Which of the following does not characteristics of business activity?

a. Production of goods

b. Presence of risk
c. Sale or exchange of goods and services

d. Salary or wages

Question 2.
Place utility is created by ………..

a. Transportation
ഗതാഗതം
b. Insurance

c. persons

d. warehousing
വെയർഹൗസിംഗ്

Question 3.
Social responsibility is

a. Same as legal responsibility

b. Broader than legal responsibility

c. Narrower than legal responsibility

d. None of them

Question 4.
Which among the following banks provide financial assistance, particularly to small business?

a. IDBI
b. ICICI
c. SIDBI
d.IFC

Question 5.
Which of the following documents is not required in connection with an import transaction?

a. Bill of lading

b. shipping bill

c. Certificate of origin
d. Shipment advice

Question 6.
Find the odd one from the following?

a. Huge financial resources

b. Limited liability

c. Compulsory registration

d. Voluntary membership

Question 7.
Which of the form of public sector enterprises is most suitable when national security is concerned?

Question 8.
Which plastic card enables you to buy things even if there is no balance in your account?

a. ATM card
b. Credit card
c. Debit card
d. Kisan card

Question 9.
ADRs are issued in

a. Canada
b. China
c. India
d. USA

Answer any 6 questions from 10 to 16. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 10.
What preferential rights are enjoyed by preference shareholders, explain?

Question 11.
a. Adv. Paul is practicing in the high court.
b. Adv. Rajeev Menon is working as the legal advisor of Karthikaconsultancy Ltd. in which economic activities these two are engaged in explaining both activities with the help of one example.

Question 12.
Compare the status of minor in joint Hindu family business with that in a partnership firm.

Question 13.
This service helps to reduce the impact of loss likely to be caused by uncertain events in business.
a. Identify the name of the service.
b. Write any two principles related to such services.

Question 14.
Explain the concept of outsourcing with the help of an example.

Question 15.
Explain the meaning of mate’s receipt.

Question 16.
“Look after your customers and the rest will follow”. In the light of the above statement, mention any two responsibility of a business firm towards its customers.

Answer any 4 questions from 17 to 21. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 17.
“Social responsibility and business ethics are the two sides of the same coin.” Being a commerce student as well as a citizen, how will you comment on this statement?

Question 18.
Classify the following into public bank, a private bank and foreign bank IDBI, HDFC, HSFC, CITI Bank, AXIS Bank, Canara Bank.

Question 19.
Write any three online payment mechanisms.

Question 20.
Prepare a short note on a different type of promoters.

Question 21.
An Indian company can now raise funds not only from India but also through foreign equity participation. How is it possible? Explain.

Answer the following questions which carry 4 scores.

Question 22.
Match the following:

Answer any 3 questions from 23 to 26. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 23.
What you mean by plowing back of profit. Explain its merits and demerits.

Question 24.
Identify the forms of business organization on the basis of the following definitions.

a. It refers to a form of business organization which is owned, managed and controlled by an individual who is the recipient of all profits and bearer of all risk.

b. It is a voluntary association of persons, who join together with the motive of the welfare of the members.

c. The management and control of the affairs of the company are undertaken by the board of directors.

d. It is the relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of the business carried on by all or any one of them acting for all.

Question 25.
Mr.George is a planter and trader of spices in Idukki. In the global spices meet held at Kochi, he got an order to export spices to the UK. But he is not aware of the export formalities. Support Mr. George by listing any four steps of the export procedure.

Question 26.
Distinguish between:

1. Equity shares & Preference shares
   
2. Shares & debentures
   

Answer any 3 questions from 27 to 30. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 27.
Explain the scope of international business.

Question 28.
For the smooth conducting of insurance, the insurer and the insured should know the relevant principles underlying the insurance contracts. In light of this statement, can you explain these principles?

Question 29.
A group discussion is scheduled in your class on “ Environmental Pollution and Business.” As a group leader, explain any four major causes of environmental pollution.

Question 30.
Nowadays banking activities can be done even after or before the banking hours. Name the type of service offered by banks in the above context. What are its advantages,

Answer any 2 questions from 31 to 33. Each carries 8 scores.

Question 31.
Explain the merits and demerits of a joint stock company.

Question 32.
Ethical business behavior improves public image, earns public confidence and leads to a greater volume of business. Discuss how a business enterprise can attain their benefits by fostering ethics in their day to day functioning.

Question 33.
These types of shares do not enjoy any preferential rights. The owners of such type of shares the real masters.” Identify these type of shares and explain their merits and demerits.

Answers

Answer 1.
d. Salary or wages

Answer 2.
Transportation

Answer 3.
Broader than legal responsibility

Answer 5.
b. Shipping bill

Answer 6.
a. Huge financial resources

Answer 7.
Departmental undertaking

Answer 8.
Credit card

Answer 9.
USA

Answer 10.
The preference shareholders enjoy a preferential right over equity shareholders in two ways:

• Right to get a fixed rate of dividend,
• Right to claim repayment of capital in the event of winding up of the company.
  

Answer 11.
Adv. Paul- profession
Eg; CA. a sinker is practicing in a CA firm Adv. Rajeev Menon- employment.
Eg; CA. panicker is working as the tax consultant of Samconsultancy ltd.

Answer 12.
A person becomes a member of a joint Hindu family business when he takes birth in such a family. All minors in the family are co-parceners in the family business. A partnership is based on a legal contract between partners. Since the minor is incompetent for entering to a valid contract, minor cannot be a partner of a partnership firm, but minor can be appointed as a beneficiary of the partnership firm.

Answer 13.
a. Insurance
b. Proximate causes
When the loss is the result of two or more causes, the proximate cause for the loss alone will be considered by the insurance company for admitting the claim.

Subrogation:
After the insured is compensated for the loss or damage to the property in­sured, the right of ownership of such property passes on to the insurer.

Answer 14.
Outsourcing
BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) is a system of getting business task accom­plished through an outside agency. Eg, transportation of raw materials into the fac­tory may be entrusted to a transport com­pany.

Answer 15.
A mate receipt issued by the commanding officer of the ship when the cargo is loaded on board, and contains the information about the name of the vessel, birth, date of shipment, description of packages, make and numbers, a condition of the cargo at the time of receipt on boar the ship, etc.

Answer 16.
Supply of right quality and quality of goods and services to consume are reasonable prices.

(b) They have the right of information about the product, price, the company etc.

Answer 17.
Business ethics and social responsibilities are closely related. When a business is ethical, it naturally meets its social responsibilities. It is doing justice to all concerned and protecting the business value system. As a socially responsible organization, a business has to follow ethical values towards employees, consumers, government, society etc. Thus social responsibility and business ethics are the two sides of the same coin.

Answer 18.

Answer 19.
a. Cash on Delivery here the payment is made at the time of physical delivery of goods.

b. Cheque here cheque is received and upon realization, the delivery of goods is made.

C. Net-banking transfer modern banking system provides the facility of electronic transfer of funds over the net to the customers.

Answer 20.
a. Professional promoters

They promote a company and hand it over to the shareholders.

b. Occasional promoters

They do promotional work as part of their business.

C. Entrepreneur promoter

They are promoters who conceive the idea of the business enterprise, perform professional activities and finally become part of management.

Answer 21.
Global Depository Receipts (GDR’s)

It is a negotiable instrument issued abroad by an Indian company to rais funds in foreign currency and it is traded on a foreign stock exchange. The local currency shares of a company delivered to depository bank the rafter depository bank issue depository receipts against these shares. Such depository receipts denominated in US dollars are known as GDRs. The holder of GDR can at any time convert it into number of shares it represents. They are entitled to dividend but do not carry any voting rights.

Answer 22.
Payment at the time of delivery – Cash on delivery
Exists in the space – Digital cash
Plastic Money – Credit/Debit card
Out Sourcing – Non core activities

Answer 23.
Ploughing back of profit is also known as retained earnings. A portion of net earnings which are not distributed to shareholders but are retained in the business for use in the future, known as retained earnings

Merits

It is a permanent source of funds available to an organization.

• No cost in the form of interest, dividend.
  
• Greater degree of operational freedom and flexibility
  
• It may lead to increase in the market price of the equity shares of a company.
  

Demerits

• It may cause dissatisfaction, among the shareholders as they would get a lower dividend.
  
• It is an uncertain source of funds as the profits of a business are fluctuating,
  
• It may attract government regulation.
  

Answer 24.
a. Sole proprietorship
b. Co-Operative Societies
c. Joint Stock Company
d. Partnership

Answer 25.
1. Obtaining importer’s, exporters code (IEC) Number

Importers exporters code number should be obtained first. This number should be shown in all export-import documents. Regional Import-Export Licensing Authority issues this number when applied for in the prescribed form.

2. Obtaining registration-cum-membership certificate (RCMC)

This certificate is issued by the Export Promotion Council / Commodity Boards / Federation of Indians Export Organisation / Marine Products Export Development Agency etc. This is needed to obtain facilities, benefits or concessions offered under the Export-Import policy (EXIM Policy). Application in the prescribed form along with the IEC should be submitted for obtaining this certificate.

3. Market Research :
The exporter tries to explore foreign markets by conducting surveys and market research to produce export order.

4. Receiving and confirming the export order

After receiving the export order the exporter gives the confirmation to the importer after careful scrutiny.

5. Manufacturing Goods :
The exporter then manufactures or procures the goods required by the importer. He should adhere to the specifications given by the importer of goods.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.
1. Merchandise exports and imports

Merchandise means goods which are tangible, i.e., those that can be seen and touched. Merchandise exports and imports involve tangible goods and exclude services (intangibles).

2. Service exports and imports

By service exports and imports we mean trade in intangibles, i.e., those that cannot be seen or touched. Because of this intangible nature, trade in services is also known as invisible trade.

3. Licensing and franchising
Permitting a person/ firm in a foreign country to produce and sell goods under your trademarks, patents or copyrights for a fee is another way of operating an international business. Franchising is somewhat similar to licensing with the difference that it is connected with the provision of services.

4. Foreign investments
Foreign investments mean investment abroad in exchange for financial return. Foreign investments can be Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)

Answer 28.
Insurance

Insurance is an agreement between two parties whereby one party undertakes, in exchange for a consideration, to pay the other party an agreed sum of money to compensate the loss, damage or injury caused as a result of some unforeseen events.

A fundamental principle of insurance

The basic principle of insurance is that an individual or business concern chooses to spend a definitely huge amount involved in an indefinite future.

Principles of insurance

1. Utmost good faith

Both the insurer and the insured should display good faith towards each other in ..regard to the contract.

2. Insurable interest

The insured should have an insurable interest in the subject matter of insurance.

3. Indemnity

All the insurance contract except life insurance are a contract of indemnity.

4. Proximate causes

When the loss is the result of two or more causes, the proximate cause for the loss alone will be considered by the insurance company for admitting the claim,

5. Subrogation

After the insured is compensated for the loss or damage to the property insured, the right of ownership of such property passes on to the insurer.

6. Contribution
If the same property is insured with one or more insurer, in case, there is a loss, the insured have no right to recover more than the full amount of his actual loss. The insurers together have to share the losses.

7. Mitigation

This principle states that it is the duty of the insured to take reasonable steps to minimize the loss to the insured property.

Answer 29.
Causes Of Pollution

It must be recognized that all sectors of our society, industry, government, agriculture, mining, energy, transportation, construction, and consumers generate waste. Wastes contain pollutant which are the materials of chemicals that have been discarded during the process of production or consumption.

1. Air Pollution

Air pollution is the result of a combination of factors which lowers the air quality. It is mainly due to carbon monoxide emitted by automobiles which contribute to air pollution.

2. Water Pollution
Water becomes polluted primarily from chemical and waste dumping. For years business enterprises have been dumping waste into rivers. Streams and lakes with little regard for the consequences.

3. Land pollution

Dumping of toxic waste on land causes- land pollution. This damages the quality of land making it unfit for agriculture or plantation. Resting the quality of the land that has already been damaged is a big problem.

4. Noise Pollution

Noise caused by the running of factories and vehicles is not merely a source of annoyance but is also a serious health hazard. Noise pollution can be responsible for many diseases like loss of heaping malfunctioning of the heart and meant cal disorder.

Answer 30.
e-Banking

e-banking is electronic banking or banking using electronic media, e-banking is a service provided bank that allows a customer to conduct t ranking transactions such as checking accounts, applying for loans, or paying b; ills over the internet using a personal computer or mobile phone, e-banking indulge the following services.

Benefits

1. e-banking provides 24 hours, 365 days a year services to the customers of the bank
   
   
2. It lowers the transaction cost.
   
3. Customers can make the transactions from the office., home or while traveling.
   
4. Greater customer satisfaction.
   
5. e-banking, provides a competitive advantage to the bank.
   

Answer 31.
Joint Stock Company
A company is an artificial person having a separate legal entity, perpetual succession, and a Common seal. The capital of the Company is divided into smaller parts called shares which can be transferred freely. The share holder; are the owners of the company. Boar of directors is the managing body elected by share holders.

Merits

a. Limited liability

The shareholders are liable to the extent amount unpaid on the shares held, by them.

b. transfer of interest

Shares of a public company is freely transferable.

c. Perpetual existence

A company will continue to exist even if all the members die. A company being a creation of the law, can be brought to an end only by law.

d. Scope of expansion

A company has large financial Thus there is a greater scope of expansion

e. Professional management

A company can afford to pay higher salaries to specialists and professionals. This leads to balanced decision making and efficiency in the company’s operation.

Limitations

a. Complexity information

Its formation requires greater time.

b. Lack of secrecy

Since the company requires to publish audited accounts and reports, it is difficult to maintain secrecy about the operation of the company.

c. Impersonal work environment
It is difficult for owners and management to maintain personal contact with employees, customers, and creditors.

d. Numerous regulations

The functioning of a company is subject to many legal provisions and compulsion.

e. Delay in decision making

It takes an important decision by holding a meeting. So it takes much time.

f. Oligarchic management the board of directors enjoys considerable freedom in exercising their power which they sometimes ignore the interest of shareholders.

g. Conflicts in interest, there may be conflicts of interest among various stakeholders of the com, pan and it affects the smooth functioning of the company.

Answer 32.
Business Ethics
Ethics is the belief is what is right proper and just. It is to the socially determined moral principle which should give business activities. Business is the code of conduct followed and performed by the businessmen. Ethical business is good business. Ethical business behavior improves public image, earn peoples confidence and trust, and leads to greater success.

The concept of Business Ethics

The word ethics’ has its origin in the Greek word ethics’ meaning character norms, ideals, or morals prevailing in a group or society. Ethics may be viewed as the entire body of moral values that society attaches to the actions of human beings. Ethics can also refer to codes or another system for controlling means so that they serve human ends.

Elements of Business Ethics Since ethical business behavior is good for both the business enterprise and society it makes sense to discuss how the enterprises can faster ethics in their day-to-day working.

1. Top management commitment

Top management must give continuous leadership for developing and upholding the values of the organization.
2. Publication of a codes

The enterprise must develop a code containing a definite ethical programme. This generally covers areas such as honesty and adherence to laws, product safety and quality health and safety in the workplace and financial reporting.

3. Establishment of compliance mechanisms

Answer 33.
Equity shares
The money raised by equity shares is called equity share capital. It represents the ownership of a company. Equity shareholders do not enjoy preferential right in the matter of the claim of dividend or repayment of capital. They do not get a fixed dividend. They have the right to vote,

Merit

a. It is suitable for investors who are willing to assume the risk for higher returns

b. Payment dividend is not compulsory

c. It serves as permanent capital as it is to be repaid only at the liquidation of a com-

d. Equity shares do not create any charge on the assets of the company.

e. They have the right to vote and participate in the management.

Demerit

a. Not attractive to investors who prefer safety and fixed income.

b. An issue of additional equity shares dilutes the voting power and earning of existing equity shareholders.

c. The cost of issue of equity shares is generally more as compared to the cost of raising funds through other sources.

d. It involves more formalities and procedural delays.

Plus One Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Business Studies Model Question Paper 1

General Instructions

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give provided wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer the following questions from 1 to 7. Each carries 1 score.

Question 1.
Identify the type of business organization to which the registration is compulsory.
a. Sole proprietorship
b. Partnership business
c. Joint stock company
d. Hindu Undivided Family Business

Question 2.
Find the odd one from the following,
a. Banking
b. Mining
c. Warehousing
d. Advertising

Question 3.
Identify the type of warehouse where imported goods can be kept prior to the payment of duties and taxes.
a. Bond Warehouses
b. Government warehouses
c. Public Warehouses
d. Private warehouses

Question 4.
A business firm decided to help the affected people in Okhi cyclone. It belongs to the responsibility of the business.
a. Discretionary
b. Legal
c. Economic
d. Ethical

Question 5.
Which of the following is known as the birth certificate of a joint stock company?
a. Certificate of Incorporation
b. Memorandum of Association
c. Table A
d. Articles of Association

Question 6.
Fill up the series as per hint given:
a. Capital required for the day to day activities of the business working capital.
b. Capital required for acquisition of fixed assets…………..? ………………

Question 7.
The apex banking institution set up to promote agriculture and rural development in India is …………..

Question 8.
Buying and selling of goods and services within the geographical boundaries of a nation is
a. External trade
b. Internal trade
c. Entrepot trade
d. International trade

Question 9.
Identify the import document from the following
a. Letter of credit
b. Bill of lading
c. Bill of entry
d. Certificate of origin

Answer any 6 questions from 10 to 16. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 10.
Write any two merits of a government company.

Question 11.
Identify the type of E-business transaction referred to in the following cases.
a. A dealer in Kerala places an order through email to Marathi Udyog LTD. for a supply of 20 cars.
b. Ms. Anasooya placed an order for a smartphone through online.

Question 12.
Explain the concept of business ethics with the help of an example.

Question 13.
List out any two problems faced by a small-scale business of India.

Question 14.
Name any two products which are suitable for a vending machine.

Question 15.
Write a short note on export processing Zone.

Question 16.
Stae any two objectives of the small-scale business.

Answer any 4 questions from 17 to 21. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 17.
Identify the types of manufacturing industries mentioned below.
a. Production of cement by combining various ingredients like limestone, silicon etc.
b. Production of petrol, diesel, and kerosene from crude oil.
c. Manufacturing of computers using different components.

Question 18.
Explain any three features departmental undertakings.

Question 19.
List out any three differences between Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association.

Question 20.
Write any three ways in which a business organization can enter into international Business.

Question 21.
Explain any three schemes announced by the Government of Indian in Export-Import policy (EXIM policy) for the promotion of foreign trade.

Answer the following questions which carry 4 scores.

Question 22.
Match the following:

Answer any 3 questions from 23 to 26. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 23.
Identify the type of partners in the following cases:
a. Mr. Nirmal contributed Rs.l lakh as capital in Maithri Traders but do not participate in the day to day activities.
b. A well-known person allows Maithri Traders to use his name but doesn’t contribute capital or share profits.
c. Mr.Deepu pretends to be a partner in Maithri Traders, but actually, he is not.
d. Mr. Rajesh contributed Rs 1 lakh as capital in Maithri Traders and participate s in the conduct of business.

Question 24.
Write any four benefits of E-banking.

Question 25.
Classify the following into long term and short term sources of finance.
a. Factoring
b. Retained earnings
c. Preference Shares
d. Bank overdraft
e. Commercial papers
f. Debentures
g. Trade credits
h. Equity shares

Question 26.
“Outsourcing of non-core activities are beneficial to business units.”Do you agree? Comment on this statement by highlighting your views.

Answer any 3 questions from 27 to 30. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 27.
“Risk is an essential part of every business.” Explain its causes.

Question 28.
State any three responsibilities of business towards employees and any two towards consumers.

Question 29.
Who are promoters? Briefly explain any four functions performed by them.

Question 30.
Write any five advantage of equity shares as sources of finance.

Answer any 2 questions from 31 to 33. Each 4 carries 8 scores.

Question 31.
Identify the business organization formed voluntarily by a group of people for mutual benefits, Following the principle of “one man one vote”. Also, explain its four merits and three limitations.

Question 32.
Explain the major principles of insurance.

Question 33.
Explain any four services each rendered by wholesalers to manufactures as well as to the retailers.

Answers

Answer 1.
Joint Stock Company

Answer 2.
Mining

Answer 3.
Bonded Warehouses

Answer 4.
Discretionary

Answer 5.
Certificate of Incorporation

Answer 6.
Fixed capital requirement

Answer 7.
NABARD

Answer 8.
Internal trade

Answer 9.
Bill of entry

Answer 10.
1. A government company can be established by fulfilling the requirements of the Indian companies act.

2. It has a separate legal entity, apart from the government.

Answer 11.
a. B2B Transaction
b. B2C Transaction

Answer 12.
Business Ethics
Ethics is the belief is what is right proper and just. It is to the socially determined moral principle which should give business activities. Business is the code of conduct followed and performed by the businessmen. Ethical business is good business. Ethical business behavior improves public image, earn people’s confidence and trust, and leads to greater success.

Answer 13.
1. Finance

One of the severe problems faced by SSIs is that of non-availability of adequate finance to carry out its operations. Many of the units in the small sector lack the creditworthiness required to rise as capital from the capital markets.

2. Raw Materials
Another major problem of small business is the procurement of raw materials. If the required materials are not available, they have to compromise on the quality or have to pay a high price to get good quality materials.

Answer 14.
Soft drinks, Chocolate

Answer 15.
Export Processing Zone

These are set up to increase production for exports. These are industrial estates which form enclaves within the national customs territory. They are usually located near the international airport or seaport. There are several export processing zones in India. They are

Answer 16.
1.Provide employment opportunity

They generate a number of employment opportunities per unit of capital invested compared to large industries.

2. Variety of Products

Small industries in our country supply an enormous variety of products which include mass consumption goods, readymade garments, hosiery goods, stationery items, soaps and detergents, domestic utensils, leather, plastic and rubber goods, processed foods and vegetables .wood and steel furniture, paints, varnishes, safety matches, etc

Answer 17.
a. Synthetical industry

b. Analytical industry

C. Assembling industry

Answer 18.
1. It is a large scale retail organization

2. It makes centralized purchasing

3. It is located in towns and cities

Answer 20.
1. Exporting and Importing

Export refers to the sending of goods and services for sale from the home country to foreign countries. Importing means purchasing of goods and services from foreign countries for domestic use. It is one of the methods to enter into International Business.

2. Contract Manufacturing.

It is a type of international business where a company enters into a contract with a local manufacturer in a foreign country. The contract is for getting certain components or goods produced as per specifications ‘ given. Contract manufacturing also called outsourcing can take the following three forms:

3. Licensing and Franchising

Licensing in international business is a contractual agreement in which one firm permits another firm in a foreign country to access its trademark, patents or technology for a fee called royalty. The firm which gives permission is called licensor and to whom it is given is called licensee. Franchising is somewhat similar to licensing.

The difference is that in the case former it is concerned with production and marketing of goods while franchising is connected with the provision of services. Franchising is relatively more stringent than licensing. The parent company is called the franchiser and the party to whom a franchise is granted is called the franchise.

Answer 21.
1. Export processing zones(EPZs)

EPZs have been set up to provide an internationally competitive duty-free environment for an expense. Govt has taken initiative to provide infrastructural facilities in these zones to produce goods at lower cost.

2. Cent percent export-oriented units

These units are set up for the export of the entire products. They can be set up anywhere in India. They get all the benefits provided to units in the EPZ

3. Special economic zones (SEZs)

It has been created to encourage free trade.
Its being treated as a deemed foreign territory for duty purposes. Goods going into the SEZs area from the domestic tariff area (DTA) are treated as deemed exports.

Answer 22.
a. Indian Railways Departmental undertaking
b. LIC of India Statutory corporation
c. BHEI Government company
d. Honda Ltd Multinational company
Answer 23.
a. Sleeping partner or dormant partner
b. Nominal partner
c. Partner by holding out
d. Active partner

Answer 24.
1. e-banking provides 24hours, 365 days a year services to the customers of the bank.

2. It lowers the transaction cost.

3. Customers can make the transactions from the office, home or while traveling.

4. Greater customer satisfaction.

Answer 25.
Long-Term Sources
Retained earnings Preference Shares Debentures Equity Shares
Short Term Sources
Factoring Bank overdraft Commercial paper Trade creditors

Answer 26.
I agree with this statement. BPO (Business Process Outsourcing is a system of getting a business task accomplished through an outside agency. Eg, transportation of raw materials into the factory may be entrusted to a transport company.

Following are the importance of outsourcing
1. Focusing on attention

Outsourcing benefits the organization by focusing on core areas and contracting out non-core business.

2. Quest for excellence

Outsourcing enables the firms to pursue excellence through a division of labor and specialization.

3. Cost reduction
It helps the organization to get an expert and specialize services at competitive prices. It helps in improved service and reduction in costs.

4. Growth through alliance

To the extent you can avail of the services of others, your investment requirements are reduced, others have invested for you. Therefore you can expand rapidly.

5. Fillip to economic development

Outsourcing helps in stimulating entrepreneurship, employment, and exports in the host countries. This will result in economic development.

Answer 27.
1. Natural Causes

it includes natural calamities like earthquake, flood, lightning, heavy rains, famine etc.

2. Human Causes
It includes dishonesty, carelessness negligence of employees, stoppage of work due to power failure, riots, management inefficiency etc.

3. Economic causes:
demand, change in price, competition, technological changes etc.

4. Other causes:

It includes political disturbances, fluctuation in exchange rates, a change in govt, policies etc.

Answer 28.
The responsibility of business towards employees

1. It is the social and moral responsibility of the business to pay reasonable wage and salaries to Employees.

2. They must be provided with good work I ing conditions security of the job, medical benefits etc.

3. Respect democratic rights of workers to form unions. The responsibility of business towards consumers

1. Supply of right quality and quantity of goods and services to consumers at reasonable prices, They have the right of information about the product, price, the company etc

2. Avoiding unfair trade practices

Answer 29.
A Person who undertakes to form a company and take necessary steps for the same are called promoter.

Following are the functions of a promoter.
1. Identification of business opportunity: The first and foremost activity of a promoter is to identify a business opportunity and analysis of the same.

2. Feasibility studies: After identifying a business opportunity, promoter undertakes detailed feasibility studies such as technical feasibility, financial feasibility & economic feasibility studies to determine the viability and profitability of the proposed business.

3. Name approval: After selection of a name for the company, the promoters submit an application to the registrar of companies for its approval the selected name should not be same or identical to the name of an existing company.

4. Fixing up signatories to the memorandum of association: Promoters have to decide about the members who will be signing the memorandum of association of the proposed company.

Answer 30.
Equity shares The money raised by equity shares is called equity share capital. It represents the ownership of a company. Equity shareholders do not enjoy preferential right in the matter of the claim of dividend or repayment of capital. They do not get a fixed dividend. They have the right to vote.

Merits

• It is suitable for investors who are willing to assume the risk for higher returns
  
• Payment dividend is not compulsory
  
• It serves as permanent capital as it is to be repaid only at the liquidation of a company.
  
• Equity shares do not create any charge on the assets of the company
  
• They have the right to vote and participate in the management.
  

Answer 31.
COOPERATIVE SOCIETY
The cooperative society is a voluntary association of persons, who join together with the motive of the welfare of the members. It is compulsorily required to be registered under the Co-operative Societies Act. 1912. At least ten persons required to form a society. The capital is raised from its members through an issue of shares.

Merits
a. Equality in voting status The principle of ‘one man one vote’ governs the cooperative society. Each member is entitled to equal voting rights.

b. Limited liability

The liability of the member of co-operative society is limited to the extent of their capital contribution.

C. Stable existence the retirement, death, insolvency or insanity of the members do not affect the continuity of a cooperative society.

d. Support from government

Cooperative society gets support from the government in the form of taxes, subsidies, and low-interest rates on loans.

limitations
a. Limited resources Resources of cooperative society consist of social capital contribution by members.

b. Inefficiency in management

Cooperative societies are unable to attract and employ expert managers because of their inability to pay them high salaries.

C. Lack of secrecy

As a result of an open discussion in the meeting.

Answer 32.
Insurance
Insurance is an agreement between two parties whereby one party undertakes, in exchange for a consideration, to pay the other party an agreed sum of money to compensate the loss, damage or injury caused as a result of some unforeseen events.

1. Utmost good faith

Both the insurer and the insured should display good faith towards each other in regard to the contract

2. Insurable interest

The insured should have an insurable interest in the subject matter of insurance.

3. Indemnity
All the insurance contract except life insurance are a contract of indemnity.

4. Proximate causes
When the loss is the result of two or more causes, the proximate cause for the loss alone will be considered by the insurance company for admitting the claim.

5. Subrogation
After the insured is compensated for the loss or damage to the property insured, the right of ownership of such property passes on to the insurer.

6. Contribution

If the same property is insured with one or more insurer, in case, there is a loss, the insured have no right to recover more than the full amount of his actual loss. The insurers together have to share the losses.

Answer 33.
1. Services to manufacturers;
a. Facilitate large-scale production;

Bulk orders from wholesalers enable the producers to undertake production on a large scale and take advantages of economies of scale,

b. Bearing risk

The wholesaler deals in goods in their own name and takes the risk of loss or damage in storage and transit.

C. Financial assistance
Wholesalers provide financial assistance to manufactures b means they make ready cash payment for purchases and even advance money to producers.

d. Expert advice

As wholesalers are in direct contact with retailers they provide useful information regarding customer taste and preference and market condition to manufacturers.

Services to retailers:

a. Availability of goods:

The wholesalers make the products of various manufacturers readily available to the retailers.

b. Marketing support:
The wholesalers perform various marketing functions and provide support to retailers.

C. Grant of credit

Wholesalers provide credit facilities to retailers.

d. Specialized knowledge:

The wholesalers specialize in one line of products and know the pulse of the market. So they offer expert advice to retailers.

Plus One Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Business Studies Improvement Question Paper 2018

General Instructions to candidates

• There is a ‘cool off-time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read the instructions carefully.
• Read the questions carefully before answering.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer the following questions from 1 to 7. Each carries 1 score.

Question 1.
Fill as per the hint is given.
a. Hindrance of place Transportation
b. Hindrance of place

Question 2.
TATA Ltd., purchases tires from MRF Ltd.
This is an example of.
a. B2C Commerce
b. C2C Commerce
c. Intra B Commerce
d. B2B Commercepops

Question 3.
Rules regarding Internal management of a company is mentioned in the
a. Memorandum of Association
b. Articles of Association
c. Prospectus
d. Certificate of incorporation

Question 4.
They are petty retailers who have independent shops of a temporary nature and change their business from one locality to another,
a. Peddlers
b. Street traders
c. Cheap jacks
d. Market traders

Question 5.
Identify the first step in the export procedure.
a. Receipt of inquiry and sending quotations
b. Obtaining export license
c. Receipt of order or indent
d. Production or procurement of goods

Question 6.
These are warehouses licensed by the Government to accept imported goods prior to payment of tax and customs duty.
a. Private warehouses
b. Public warehouses:
c. Government warehouses
d. Bonded warehouses

Question 7.
Access international, a computer training institute located in London, allows C-Tech Computer Education of India, to use their logo and name for a consideration, this is an example of
a. Contract manufacturing
b. Licensing
c. Franchising
d. Joint venture

Fill in the blanks. The question carries 2 scores.

Question 8.

Answer any 6 questions from 9 to 15. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 9.
‘Charging fair prices from customers’ is an example for business ethics. Give two more examples of business ethics.

Question 10.
Some business organizations outsource their debt collection to outside agencies. Name this arrangement. List one merit of it.

Question 11.
For providing support to small-scale units, the government has formed many supporting institutions. List out any two.

Question 12.
GAMA Traders get the orders through a post and they deliver the products through the mail. Identify the form of retail outlet mentioned here and also state an advantage of it.

Question 13.
Fill in the blanks

Question 14.
Coparceners are the members of HUF business. Who is the head of such a business? Comment on his liability.

Question 15.
Railways and Post and Telegram are the examples of this type of public sector undertakings. Identify the type of PSU and give two features of it.

Answer any 3 questions from 17 to 20. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 16.
It is an arrangement where the owner of an asset, grants the other party the right to use the asset, in return for a periodic payment.
a. Name the arrangement
b. Name the owner and user in this arrangement.

Answer any 3 questions from 17 to 20. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 17.
For the upliftment of small-scale sector, Government provides various incentives. Briefly explain any three of them.

Question 18.
I am my own boss, everything is under my control”. For which form of business organization the above statement is CORRECT? Give any two merits of such business.

Question 19.
Export Processing Zone(EPZ) is one of the measures of foreign trade promotion. Brei fly explains it with an example.

Question 20.
Identify the public sector undertaking created by the Indian Companies Act 1956. List any two merits of it.

Question 21.
Match the following.

Answer any 3 questions from question numbers 22 to 25. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 22.
List any four benefits of international business to our country.

Answer any 3 questions from 23 to 26. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 23.
Identify the type of partners in the following cases:
a. Mr. Nirmal contributed Rs.l lakh as capital in Maithri Traders but do not participate in the day to day activities.
b. A well-known person allows Maithri Traders to use his name but doesn’t contribute capital or share profits.
c. Mr.Deepu pretends to be a partner in Maithri Traders, but actually, he is not.
d. Mr. Rajesh contributed Rs 1 lakh as capital in Maithri Traders and participate s in the conduct of business.

Question 24.
Write any four benefits of E-banking.

Question 25.
Classify the following into long term and short term sources of finance.
a. Factoring
b. Retained earnings
c. Preference Shares
d. Bank overdraft
e. Commercial papers
f. Debentures
g. Trade credits
h. Equity shares

Question 26.
“Outsourcing of noncore activities are beneficial to business units.”Do you agree? Comment on this statement by highlighting your views.

Answer any 3 questions from 27 to 30. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 27.
“Risk is an essential part of every business.” Explain its causes

Question 28.
State any three responsibilities of business towards employees and any two towards consumers.

Question 29.
Who are promoters? Briefly explain any four functions performed by them.

Question 30.
Write any five advantage of equity shares as a source of finance.

Answer any 2 questions from 31 to 33. Each carries 8 scores.

Question 31.
Identify the business organization formed voluntarily by a group of people for mutual benefits, Following the principle of “one man one vote”. Also, explain its four merits and three limitations.

Question 32.
Explain the major principles of insurance.

Question 33.
Explain any four services each rendered by wholesalers to manufactures as well as to the retailers.

Answers

Answer 1.
Hindrance of risk Insurance

Answer 2.
B2B Commerce

Answer 3.
Articles of Association

Answer 4.
Cheap jacks

Answer 5.
Receipt of inquiry and sending quotations

Answer 6.
Bonded warehouses

Answer 7.
Franchising

Answer 8.
Extractive Industry Service Industry

Answer 9.
a. Using fair weights for measurement to from modities.
b. Giving fair treatment to workers
c. Earning reasonable profits
d. Lack of desired services and country to consumers
e. Misleading and dishonest advertising

Answer 10.
Factoring or Outsourcing / BPO Merits Outsourcing helps in stimulating entrepreneurship, employment, and exports in the host countries. This will result in economic development.

Answer 11.

1. NABARD
2. SIDBI

Answer 12.
Mail order business

it is a kind of retail business which receive and deliver the goods through the mail. Goods are delivered to customers only on making full payment for the same and the goods may be sent by value payable post (VPP).

Advantage

It requires only limited capital as it does not require heavy expenditure on building and other infrastructural facilities.

• Elimination of middlemen between the buyer and seller
  

Answer 13.

Answer 14.
Head of the business Karta Liability of Karta is unlimited.

Answer 15.
Departmental undertaking

This is the oldest form of organizing public sector enterprises. It may be run either by the central government or by the state government. They are managed by the government employees and works under the center of a minister.
Eg: Railway, Post and Telegraph etc.

1. They are financed from the government Treasury.
   
2. They are subject to accounting and audit controls applicable other government activities.
   
3. The employees of the enterprise are government servants.
   

Answer 16.
a. Leasing
b.
Owner – Lessor
User – Lessee

Answer 17.
Land

Every State offers developed plots for setting up of industries.

Power

Power is supplied at a concessional rate of 50 percent.

Water use
Water is supplied on a nonprofit, no loss basis or with 50 percent concession or exemption from water charges for a period of 5 years,

Sales Tax

In all union territories, industries are exempted from sales tax, while some states extend an exemption for 5 years period.

Answer 18.
SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP

Sole proprietorship refers to a form of business organization which is owned, managed and controlled by an individual who is the recipient of all profits and bearer of all risk. A sole proprietor is the one who is the only owner of a business.

Merits

• Quick decision
   
  a sole trader has full control over affairs of business, so he enjoys a considerable degree of freedom in decision making.
  
• Confidentiality of information
  
  A sole trader can keep all information related to business operations confidential and maintain secrecy.
  

Answer 19.
Export Processing Zone

These are set up to increase, production for exports. These are industrial estates which form enclaves within the national customs territory. They are usually located near the international air airport seaport. There are several export processing zones in India. They are

1. Kandla Export Processing Zone
   
   (KEPZ), Kanld a Gujarat.
2. Santa Cruz Electronic Export Processing Zone
   
   Bombay.
3. Noida Export Processing Zone
   
   (NEPZ), Noida, up.

Answer 20.
Government company

A government company is established under the Indian Companies Act, 1956 and is registered and governed by the provisions of the Indian Companies Act. According to the Indian Companies Act 1956, a government company means any company in which not less than 51 percent of the paid up capital is held by the central government, or partly by central government and partly by one or more state governments.

Merits

1. A government company can be established by fulfilling the requirements of the Indian companies act.
   
2. It has a separate legal entity, apart from the government.
   
3. It enjoys autonomy in decision making.
   

Answer 21.

Answer 22.
a. Earning of Foreign exchange
b. More efficient use of resources
c. Improving growth prospects and employment potentials
d. Increased standard of living

Answer 23.
1. Natural Causes

it includes natural calamities like earthquake, flood, lightning, heavy rains, famine etc.

2. Human Causes

It includes dishonesty, carelessness or negligence of employees, stoppage of work due to power failure, riots, management inefficiency etc.

3. Economic Causes
It includes changes in demand, change in price, competition, technological changes etc.

4. Other causes

It includes political disturbances, fluctuation in exchange rates, a change in govt, policies etc.

Answer 24.
Partnership deed

The written agreement which specifies the terms and conditions that govern the partnership is called the partnership deed.

The partnership deed generally includes the following aspects

1. Name Of firm
   
2. Nature of business and location of a business.
   
3. Duration of business
   
4. Investment made by The investmenter
   
5. Distribution of profits and losses
   
6. Duties and obligation of the partners
   
7. Salaries and withdrawal of the partners
   

Answer 25.
Joint Ventures

This is a very common mode of entering into international business. Joint venture means starting a firm which is jointly owned by two or more otherwise independent firms. A joint venture comes into being in three major ways:

• Increased resources and capacity
• Access to new markets
• Access to technology
• Innovation
• Low cost of production
• Established brand name

Answer 26.

Answer 27.
Outsourcing

“BPO (business Process Outsourcing) is a system of getting business tasa k accomplished through an outside agency. Eg, transportation of raw mate rials into the factory may be entrusted to a transport company.

Benefits of outsourcing
1. Focusing of attention

Outsourcing benfits the organization by focusing on core areas and contracting out non-core business.

2. Quest for excellence

Outsourcing enables the firms to pursue excellence through division of labour and specialization.

3. Cost reduction

It helps the organization to get an expert and specialize services at competitive prices. It helps in improved service and reduction in costs.

4. Growth through alliance

To the extent you can avail of the services of others, your investment requirements are reduced, others have invested for you. Therefore you can expand rapidly.

5. Fillip to economic development

Outsourcing helps in stimulating entrepreneurship, employment, and exports in the host countries. This will result in economic development.

Answer 28.
Arguments for Social Responsibility

1. A justification for existence and growth

Business exists for providing goods and services to satisfy human needs. Though profit motive is an important justification for undertaking a business activity.

2. The long-term interest of the firm

A firm and its image stand to gain maximum profits in the long run when it has its highest goal as service to society. When an increasing number of members of society, including workers, consumers, shareholders, government official feel that business enterprise is not serving its best interest, they will tend to withdraw their cooperation to the enterprise concerned.

3. Avoidance of government regulation

From the point of view of a business, government regulations are undesirable because they limit freedom. Therefore, it is believed that businessmen can avoid the problem of government regulations by voluntarily assuming social responsibilities. Which helps to reduce the need for new laws.

4. Maintenance of society

The argument here is that laws can not be passed for all possible circumstances. People who feel that they are not getting their due from the business may resort to anti-social activities, not necessarily governed by law.

5. Availability of resources with business

This argument holds that business institutions have valuable financial and human resources which can be effectively used for solving problems.

6. Converting problems into opportunities

Related with the preceding argument is the argument that business with its glorious history of converting risky situations into profitable deals, cannot only solve social problems but it can also make them effectively useful by accepting the challenge.

7. A better environment for doing business

If the business is to operate in a society which is full of diverse and complicated problems. It may have little chance of success. Therefore, it is argued that the business system should do something to meet needs before it is confronted with a situation when its own survival is endangered due to enormous social illnesses.

8. Holding business responsible for social problems

It is argued that some of the social problems have either been created or perpetuated by business enterprises themselves. Environmental pollution, unsafe workplaces, corruption in public institutions, and discriminatory practices in employment are some of these problems.

Arguments Against Social Responsibility

1. Violation of profit maximization objective

According to this argument, business exists only for profit maximization. Therefore any talk of social responsibility is against this objective.

2. Burden on consumers ”

It is argued that social responsibilities like pollution control and environmental protection are very costly and often require huge financial investments.

3. Lack of social skills

All social problems can not be solved the way business problems are solved. In fact, the businessman does not have the necessary understanding and training to solve social problems.

4. Lack of broad public support

Here the argument is that the public, in general, does not like business involvement or interference in social programs.

Debenture

A debenture is an instrument issued by company raising long-term debt capital, under its seal to acknowledge its debt. Debenture holders are creditors of the company. It bears a fixed rate of interest.

Merits

• Interest on debentures is a tax deduvtible expense.
  
• They guarantee a fixed rate of interest.
  
• Debentures are less costly as compared to a cost of preference shares.
  
• Debentures can be redeemed at any time when a company has surplus fund.
  
• They have no voting rights. So, control of management is not affected.
  

Answer 30.
1. Services to producers:
a. Facilitate large-scale production:

Bulk orders from wholesalers enable the producers to undertake production on a large scale and take advantages of economies of scale.

b. Bearing risk

The wholesaler deals in goods in its own name and take the risk of loss or damage in storage and transit.

C. Financial assistance

Wholesalers provide financial assistance to manufacturers means they make ready cash payment for purchases and „ even advance money to producers.

d. Expert advice aflracoGraoonjcrauoo

As wholesalers are in direct contact with retailers they provide useful information regarding customer taste and preference and market conditions to manufacturers.

e. Help in marketing function:
Functions of wholesalers relieve producers from many of the marketing activities and enable them to concentrate on the production activity.

f. Facilitate production continuity by purchasing the goods and when these are produced

g. Storage/warehousing of goods produced

2. Services to retailers:

a. Availability of goods:

The wholesalers make the products of various manufacturers readily available to the retailers.

b. Marketing support:

The wholesalers perform various marketing functions and provide support to retailers.

c. Gant of credit;

Wholesalers provide credit facilities to retailers.

d. Specialized knowledge:

The wholesalers specialize in one line of products and know the pulse of the market. So they offer expert advice to retailers.

e. Risk sharing

Wholesalers sell goods to retailers in small quantities and thus retailers do not face the risk of storage, pilferage, obsolescence etc.

Answer 31.
Stages of formation

1. Promotion
   
2. Incorporation
   
3. Subscription of capital
   
4. Commencement of business
   

1. Promotion

Promotion is the initial stage in the formation of a company. Promotion simply means the sum total of all activities which are necessary for bringing the company into existence.

2. Incorporation

In the legal sense, a company comes into existence only after its incorporation. For this, an application accompanied by the following documents are to be prepared and filed with the registrar of companies with the prescribed fee by the promoters.

a. The memorandum of association duly stamped .signed and witnessed
b. Articles of association duly stamped, signed and witnessed
c. Written consent of the proposed directors
d. An agreement, if any, with proposed director
e. A copy of the registrars’ letter approving the name of the company
f. Statutory declaration
g. A notice about the extracted address of the registered office
h. Documentary evidence of payment of registration fees.

3. Capital subscription

A public company can raise funds from the public by issuing shares and debentures. For this, promoters have to take the following steps:

a. Obtain consent from SEBI.
b. File prospectus with a registrar of companies

c. Appointment of bankers, brokers, underwriters

d. Ensure that the minimum subscription is received

e. Application to a stock exchange for listing of companies securities

f. After making adjustment regarding application money received, issue allotment letters to successful applicant and file return of allotment with the registrar of companies.

4. Commencement of business

A public company raising funds from the public has to apply to the registrar of companies for the certificate of commencement of business along with the following documents.

1. A declaration about meeting minimum subscription requirement.

2. A declaration about details in respect of allotment to directors

3. A declaration about no money being payable to the applicant

4. A statutory declaration

A public company raising funds privately has to submit only documents 2 and 4 listed above.

The registrar, upon satisfaction, issues a certificate of commencement of business. It is also conclusive evidence that public company is legally entitled to do business.

Answer 32.
Life insurance

Life insurance may be defined as a contract in which the insurer, in consideration of a premium paid either in a lump sum or in periodical installments by the insured, undertakes to pay a certain sum of money either on the death of the insured or in the expiry a certain number of years.

Types of life insurance policies

1. Whole life policy

In this kind of policy, the insured has to pay premium throughout his lifetime and the assured sum become due for payment to the beneficiary only after the death of the insured.

2. Endowment life assurance policy

The insurance company undertakes to pay a specified sum when the insured attains a particular age or on his death whichever is earlier.

3. Joint life policy

This policy is taken up by two or more persons. The premium is paid jointly or by either of them in installments or lump sum.

4. Annuity policy

Under this policy, the assured sum is payable after the assured attains a certain age in monthly, quarterly, half yearly or annual installments.

5. Children’s endowment policy

This policy is taken by a person for is/her children to meet the expenses of their education or marriage.

Plus One Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper 2017

General Instructions

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give provided wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Question 1.
Which one of the following is NOT related to the general objectives of the business?
a. Innovation
b. Physical and financial resources
c. Warehousing
d. Productivity

Question 2.
The business operations in a Joint Hindu Family business is controlled by ……………….
a. partners
b. karta
c. co – parceners
d. shareholders

Question 3.
The government decided to sell the shares in the telecom department to the private sector. This is an example of ………………
a. disinvestment.
b. memorandum of undertaking
d. rehabilitation
c. reconstruction

Question 4.
……………….. are licensed by the government to accept imported goods prior to payment of tax and customs duty.
a. Cooperative warehouse
b. Private warehouse
c. Bonded warehoused
d. Government warehouse

Question 5.
Transportation removes the hindrance of ……………….. in trading activities.
a. place
b. time
c. risk
d. finance

Question 6.
Mrs. Usha purchased a smartphone from LG company through the internet is a ……………….. activity.

a. B2B
b. B2G
c. B2C
d. C2C

Question 7.
One of the following is against business ethics. Find it.
a. Charging a fair price for the product
b. Giving wages to employees if by not considering their workload
c. Using correct measurement for products
d. Giving chances to hear the problems of employees

Question 8.
If a Public Limited Company is NOT preparing the Article of Association, it can adopt ………………….

a. Table A
b. Table B
c. Table C
d. Table D

Question 9.
………………….. document shows the relationship of the company with outsiders.
a. Articles of Association
b. Memorandum of Association
c. Prospectus
d. Certificate of Incorporation

Question 10.
………………. is the link between wholesaler and customer.
a. Manufacturer
b. Supplier
c. Retailer
d. None of these

Question 11.
A receipt issued by the commanding officer of a ship when the cargo is loaded on the ship is known as ………………
a. shipping receipt
b. mates receipt
c. cargo receipt
d. charter receipt

Question 12.
Manufacturing and selling goods beyond the boundaries of one’s own country are called ………………
a. national business
b. international business
c. domestic business
d. none of these

Question 13.
Identify the form of business organization related to the following statements.
a. An artificial person created by law.
b. Association of persons with the motive of the welfare of members.

Question 14.
Write a short note on partnership deed.

Question 15.
What do you mean by Export Promotion Zones (EPZ)?

Question 16.
Correct the table given below, if there is a mistake.

Question 17.
Explain how the business units make land pollution.

Question 18.
“People work for others and get remuneration”.
a. Identify the economic activity involved in the above statement.
b. Write any two features of that economic activity.

Question 19.
AM Associates in India and C-Link Associates in Japan, two computer assembling firms, joined together and formed AMC Associates to do the same business.
a. Name the mode of international business mentioned above.
b. State any two advantages of such business.

Question 20.
Explain the causes of business risks.

Question 21.
Give a brief note about the social responsibility of business.

Question 22.
Write any three limitations of mail-order business.

Question 23.
a ………………. are also known as rural industries or traditional industries.
b. Write any three features of these industries.

Question 24.
Explain any four characteristics of a Government company.

Question 25.
‘Match column A with column B.

Question 26.
Ram and Rahim decided to start a mobile shop at Aluva.
a. Which form of business organization is suitable to them?
b. Explain different types of such organization.

Question 27.
The two main documents required for the formation of a company are Memorandum’of Association and Articles of Association. What are the differences between them?

Question 28.
Explain the features of departmental stores.

Question 29.
This service helps to reduce the impact of loss likely to be caused by uncertain events in a busi¬ness.
a. Identify the name of the service.
b. Explain the principles related to such services.

OR

a. Explain the different types of banks.
b. Explain the functions of commercial banks.

Question 30.
Explain the factors affecting the choice of business finance.

OR

What is meant by public deposits? Explain its merits and limitations as a source of finance.

Answers

Answer 1.
c. Warehousing

Answer 2.
b. karta

Answer 3.
a. Disinvestment

Answer 4.
c. Bonded warehouse

Answer 5.
a. place

Answer 6.
c. B2C

Answer 7.
b. Giving wages to employees by not considering their workload

Answer 8.
a. Table A

Answer 9.
b. Memorandum of Association

Answer 10.
c. Retailer

Answer 11.
b. Mates Receipt

Answer 12.
b. International business

Answer 13.
a. Joint stock company b. cooperative society

Answer 14.
The written agreement which specifies the terms and conditions that governs the partnership is called a partnership deed.

Answer 15.
Industrial estate, which forms enclaves from domestic tariff areas. Provide an internationally com petite ve duty-free environment for export production at low cost

Answer 16.

17. Land pollution
Dumping of toxic waste on land causes land pollution. This damages the quality of land making it unfit for agriculture or plantation. Restoring the quality of the land that has already been damaged is a big problem.

Answer 18.
a. Employment
b.

• There must exist an employer-employee relationship.
• Employees get a salary or wages for their services
• Regularity in service

Answer 19.
a. Joint ventures
b. It helps to execute large projects requiring huge capital outlays and manpower. The foreign business firms benefit from local partners knowledge of the host countries.

Answer 20.
Causes of Business Risks

1. Natural Causes:
   it includes natural calamities like earthquake, flood, lightning, heavy rains, famine etc.
2. Human Causes:
   It includes dishonesty, earless lessor negligence of employees, stoppage of work due to power failure, riots, management inefficiency etc.
3. Economic Causes:
   It includes changes in demand, change in price, competition, technological changes etc.
4. Other causes:
   it includes political disturbances, fluctuation in exchange rates, the change in govt, policies etc.

Answer 21.
Social responsibility of business refers to its obligation to take those decisions and perform those actions which are desirable in terms of objectives and values of our society. Obligations to take those decisions and perform those actions which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of the society. Respect the aspirations of the society and try best to contribute to the achievement of these aspirations. Voluntary action from the part of business units for the benefit of society. (Consider any meaningful explanation of the social responsibility of business)

Answer 22.

• Lack of personal contact
• High promotion cost.
• No after sale service
• No credit facility
• High dependence of postal service

Answer 23.
a. Cottage industries/village industries
b. Organized by individuals with Pvt resources, use family labor and locally available talent, small capital unit, equipment used is simple, produce simple products.

Answer 24.

• A government company can be established by fulfilling the requirements of the Indian companies act.
• It has a separate legal entity, apart from the government.
• It enjoys autonomy in decision making.
• These companies are able to control the market.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.
a. Partnership
b. Types of partnerships

I. Classification on the basis of duration

1. Partnership at will This type of partnership continue as long as the partners want a¬nd is terminated when any partners give notice of withdrawal from partnership to the firm
2. The particular partnership which is formed for the accomplishment of a particular project to be carried on over a specified period of time is called a particular partnership.

II. Classification on the basis of liability

1. General partnership In general partnership liability of partners is unlimited and joint Registrationoffirm is optional. Existe nee of a firm is affected by the death, insolvency or retirement of the partners.
2. Limited partnership In a limited partnership, the liability of at least one partner is unlimited whereas the rest may have limited liability. Registration of such a firm is compulsory. The existence of such a firm is not affected by the death, insolvency or retirement of the limited partners.

Answer 27.

Answer 28.
a. Provide all facilities such as restaurant, telephone booth etc
b. Located at a central place
c. started at large scale basis as the joint stock company
d. Combinesthefunctionsofretaining and warehousing
e. centralized purchasing and decentralized selling.

Answer 29.
a. Insurance
b. Insurance is an agreement between two parties whereby one party undertakes, in exchange for a consideration, to pay the other party an agreed sum of money to compensate the loss, damage or injury caused as a result of some unforeseen events.

• The agreement put in writing and is known as a policy.
• The person whose risk is insured is called insured.
• The firm which insurances the risk of loss is called insurer.

Fundamental principle of insurance

The basic principle of insurance is that an individual or business concern chooses to spend a definitely huge amount involved in an indefinite future.

OR

a. Types of banks

1. Commercial banks
Commercial banks are institution dealing in money, ie, accepting deposits and grant loans and advances to their customers, two types of commercial banks

• Public sector banks Those banks which are owned and managed by the government.
• Private sector banks  Those banks which are owned and managed by the private parties.

2. Co-operative banks
Cooperative banks are governed by the provisions of State Cooperative Societies Act on the principles of self-help and mutual help, self-help, and mutual help.

3. Specialized bank
Specialized banks are foreign exchange banks, industrial banks, development banks, export-import banks catering to specific needs of these unique activities.

4. Central bank
The central bank of any country supervises, controls and regulates the activities of all the commercial banks of that country.

b. Functions of commercial banks

1. Acceptance of deposits
The commercial bank accepts depo¬sits from the people. The different types of deposits are a current account, savings account and fixed deposits.

2. Lending of funds
The second major activity of commercial banks is to provide loans and advances out of the money received through deposits. These advances can be made in the form of overdrafts, cash credits, discounting trade bill etc.

3. Cheque facilty
It is the very important service which is provided the customers by this one can any time collect theircheques and drawn on other banks. There are two type of cheques mainly

• bear er cheque and
• crossed cheque.

4. Remittance of funds
Another function of a commercial bank is providing the facility of fund transfer from one place to another, on account of the interconnectivity of branches.

5. Allied services
Besides these, a bank also provides allied services such as bill payments, locker facility, underwriting services, buying and selling of shares and debentures on instruction etc.

Answer 30.
Cost The cost of procurement of funds & cost of utilising the funds should be taken into account while deciding about the source of funds that will be used by an organization.

• Financial strength & stability of operation
  In the choice of source of funds, business should be in a sound financial position so as to able to repay the principal amount and interest on the borrowed amount. When the earing of the organisation are not stable, It can issue equality shares to collect the fund.
• Form of organization & legal status
  The form of business organisation and status influence the choice of a source for raising money.
• Purpose & time period
  Business should plan according to the time period for which the funds are required. A short-term need can be net through borrowing funds at low rate of interest through trade credit, commercial paper etc. For long-term finance sources such as issue of shares and de- bentares are more appropriate
• Risk
  Business should evaluate each of the source of finance in terms of the risk involved.
• Control
  Business firm should choose a source keeping in mind the extent to which they are willing to share their control over business
• Flexibility
  Another aspect affecting the choice of a source of finance is the flexibility ease of obtaining funds

OR

Public deposit, the deposit\data raised by the organisation directly from the public are known public deposits rates of interest offered on public deposits are usually higher than those allowed by a commercial bank.
Demerits

• It may cause dissatisfaction amongst the shareholders as they would get a lower dividend.
• It is an uncertain source of funds as the profits of a business are flue tuating.
• It may attract government regulation.

Plus One Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper 2018

General Instructions to candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read the instructions carefully.
• Read the questions carefully before answering.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except nonprogrammable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from question numbers 1 to 9. Each carries one score.

Question 1.
The broad classification of business activities includes and.
a. Trade and Auxiliaries to trade
b. Industry and Commerce
c. Industry and Traded
d. Internal Trade and External Trade

Question 2.
Which among the following is the main characteristic of Hindu Undivided Family Business?
a. Single ownership
b. Transfer of membership
c. Membership by birth
d. Registration is compulsory

Question 3.
VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) is satellite-based…
a. rail transport service
b. communication service
c. banking service
d. air transport service

Question 4.
An apex bank set up in India to provide financial assistance to small business organizations is …………..

a. SIDBI
b. RSBDC
c. IDBI
d. IBRD

Question 5.
Identify the document issued by public companies to invite public to subscribe to its shares.
a. Prospectus
b. Memorandum of Association
c. Table A
d. Articles of Association

Question 6.
Fill in the series as per hint given:
a. Equity Shares Owned Capital
b. Debentures?

Question 7.
Which among the following is against bush ness ethics?
a. Using fair weights and measures
b. Fair treatment to workers
c. Earning reasonable profits
d. Charging unfair price

Question 8.
Find the odd one from the following:
a. Supermarkets
b. Multiple shops
c. Market traders
d. Mail order houses

Question 9.
Which cine of the following is NOT an export document?
a. Letter of credit
b. Bill of Lading
c. Bill of entry
d. Certificate of origin

Answer any five from question numbers 10 to 15. Each carries two scores.

Question 10.
Write any two social responsibilities of business towards consumers.

Question 11.
Suggest any two payment mechanisms used in e-Business.

Question 12.
‘A public sector undertaking formed by passing an Act in the Parliament’. Identify it. Give an example.

Question 13.
Write any two merits of retained earnings as a source of finance.

Question 14.
Differentiate the terms Licensing and Franchising in connection with the international business.

Question 15.
List any two services rendered by retailers to consumers.

Answer any six from question numbers 16 to 22. Each carries three scores.

Question 16.
Write any three differences between profession and Employment.

Question 17.
There are persons who assemble resources and undertake the necessary steps to form a company. Name such persons, Explain their legal position in the company.

Question 18.
Write any three differences between departmental undertakings and statutory corporations.

Question 19.
List out any three features of cottage industries.

Question 20.
A large retailing unit, selling a wide variety of consumer goods on low price and with a self-service concept. Identify it and mention any two advantages.

Question 21.
From the items given in brackets, choose the suitable mode of entry into international business for the following cases. (Joint venture, Contract manufacturing, Licensing)
a. Agreement with a manufacturer of a foreign country to get the products produced.
b. A contractual arrangement to access the patent or technology of a firm for producing goods in the foreign country.
c. Establishing a firm jointly with a foreign partner.

Question 22.
Briefly explain the objectives of the International Monetary Fund.

Answer the following question which carries four scores.

Question 23.
Match the following,

Answer any two from question numbers 24 to 26. Each carries four scores.

Question 24.
A Business Organization joins hands with the other one for mutual benefits.
a. Name the type of a business referred here.
b. Describe any three benefits of it.

Question 25.
Distinguish between goods and services.

Question 26.
Mithra opines that e-Business and e-Commerce are the same. Do you agree with her? Justify your answer.

Answer any three from question numbers 27 to 30. Each carries five scores.

Question 27.
Explain briefly the multiple objectives of a business.

Question 28.
Write notes on different kinds of social responsibilities of a business.

Question 29.
What is meant by Memorandum of Association? Explain any four clauses.

Question 30.
Describe the services rendered by wholesalers to the manufacturers.

Answer any two from question numbers 31 to 33. Each carries eight scores.

Question 31.
Mr. Mohammed. and Mr. Sajan entered into an agreement to start a business to share profits. Identify the form of business they decided to start. Explain its four merits and three limitations.

Question 32.
Explain the major functions of Commercial Banks In India.
 

Question 33.
Explain the various external sources of finance available for Joint Stock Companies in our country.

Answers

Answer 1.
b. Industry and Commerce

Answer 2.
c. Membership by birth

Answer 3.
b. Communication service

Answer 4.
a.SIDBI

Answer 5.
a. Prospectus

Answer 6.
Creditorship capital

Answer 7.
d.Charging unfair price

Answer 8.
Market traders

Answer 9.
a or c

Answer 10.

• Supply of the right quantity of goods.
• Supply of the right quantity of goods
• Supply of goods at reasonable pa rice.
• Free from adulteration, poor quality, misleading advt etc.

Answer 11.
Payment mechanism

Payment can be done in any of the following methods:

a. Cash on Delivery (CoD)

Here the payment is made at the time of physical delivery of goods.

b. Cheque: Here cheque is received and upon realization, the delivery goods are. made

c. Net-banking transfer

Modern banking system provides the facility of electronic transfer of funds over the net to the customers.

d. Creditor Debit card

They are popularly known as plastic money. Credit cards are issued by the bank, that allows the holder to make purchase on credit. The amount due from the cardholder to the online seller is assumed by the card issuing bank, who transfers the amount which is involved in the transaction.

The debit card also facilitate the process of payment as one can make a purchase through it to the extent of the amount lying in the persons own savings account.

e. Digital cash

This is a type of electronic currency that exists only in cyberspace. It has physical features but has the capability of using it as real currency in an electronic format.

Answer 12.
Statutory corporations.
e. g., LIC, RBI, SBI etc.

Answer 13.
Retained earnings (plowing back of profit)

A portion of net earnings which are not distributed to shareholders but are retained in the business for use in the future, known as retained earnings.

Merits

• It is a permanent source of funds available to an organization.
  
• No cost in the form of interest, dividend.
  
• A greater degree of operational freedom and flexibility.
  
• It may lead to an increase in the market price of the equity shares of a company
  

Answer 14.
Licensing and franchising

Permitting a person/ firm in a foreign country to produce and sell goods under your trademarks, patents or copyrights for a fee is another way of operating an international business. Franchising is somewhat similar to licensing with the difference that it is connected with the provision of services.

Answer 15.
a. Retailers maintain regular availability of various products produced by different manufacturers.

b. Retailers provide new products information to customers by arranging an effective display of products and through personal selling.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.
Licensing and franchising

Permitting a person/ firm in a foreign country to produce and sell goods under your trademarks, patents or copyrights for a fee is another way of operating an international business. Franchising is somewhat similar to licensing with the difference that it is connected with the provision of services.

Answer 18.
Departmental undertaking

1. The funding of these enterprises come directly from the Government Treasury and are an annual appropriation from the budget of the Government. The revenue earned by these is also paid into the treasury.
2. They are subject to accounting and audit controls applicable to other Government activities.
3. The employees of the enterprise are Government servants and their recruitment and conditions of service are the same as that of other employees directly under the Government. They are headed by Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers and civil servants who are transferable from one ministry to another.

Statutory corporation

1. Statutory corporations are set up under an Act of Parliament and are governed by the provisions of the Act. The Act defines the objects, powers, and privileges of a statutory corporation.
2. This type of organization is wholly owned by the state. The government has the! ultimate financial responsibility and has the power to appropriate its profits. At the same time, the state also has to bear the losses, if any.
3. A statutory corporation is a body

Answer 19.

• These are organized by individuals, with private resources
  
• Normally use family labor and locally available talent: the equipment used is simple
  
• Capital investment is small
  
• Produce simple products, normally in their own premises
  

Answer 20.
1. Supermarkets

it is a large scale retail organization deals in different kinds of consumer goods. A unique feature of the supermarket is the absence of salesmen to serve the consumer. It is also known as self-service stores.

Advantage

• They offer a wide variety of products at low cost under one roof.
  
• As they are located at a central location it results in a high turn over
  
• It provides wide selection facility
  
• No bad debts as goods are sold on a cash basis
  

Answer 21.
a. Contract manufacturing
b. Licencing
c. Joint Venture

Answer 22.
a. To promote international monetary cooperation.
b. To facilitate, expansion of balanced growth of international trade.
c. To promote exchange stability.

Answer 23.

Answer 24.
a. Joint ventures
b. It helps to execute large projects requiring huge capital outlays and manpower.
The foreign business firms benefit from local partners knowledge of the host countries.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.
I do not agree with her.
e-business may be defined as the conduct of industry, trade, and commerce using computer networks.

e-business is a broader term and e-commerce is a part of e-business, e-business includes all the electronically conducted business functions such as production, accounting, personnel etc.e-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.

Answer 27.
1. Market standing

It refers to the position of an enterprise in relation to its competitors.

2. Innovation

It is the introduction of new ideas or methods in the way something is done or made. It accelerates the growth of an enterprise.

3. Productivity
Productivity is ascertained by comparing the value of output with the value of the input. It is used as a measure of efficiency

4. Physical and financial resources:

The business must aim at maximum utilization of available physical and financial resources.

5. Earning profit
Earning maximum profit is the primary objective of every business. Profit is required for the survival and growth of a business.

6. Manager performance and development

Efficient managers are needed to conduct and coordinate business activities. Managers performance and development is also an important objective of business enterprises

7. Workers performance and attitude

Workers performance and attitude determine their contribution towards productivity and profitability of any enterprise. Every enterprise must aim at improving its workers performs nee.

8. Social responsibility

It refers to the obligation of a business firm to contribute resources to solving social problems and work in a socially desirable manner.

Answer 28.
a. Economic Responsibility

A business enterprise is basically an economic entity and therefore, its primary social responsibility economic produce goods and services that society wants and sell them at a profit.

b. Legal Responsibility

Every business has a responsibility to operate within the laws of the land. Since these laws are meant for the good of the society wants and sell them at a profit,

c. Ethical Responsibility

This includes the behavior of the firm that is expected by society but not codified in law.

d. Discretionary Responsibility

This refers to purely voluntary obligation that an enterprise assumes for instance providing charitable contribution to educational institutions or helping the affected people during floods or earthquakes.

Answer 29.
Memorandum of association is the charter or Magna Carta of the company. It is the fundamental document of the company. It defines the objects of the company and provides the framework beyond which the company cannot operate. Its purpose is to enable the shareholders, creditors, and others who deal with. the company to know the scope of the company’s operations. Contents of the memorandum clauses of a memorandum.

A Name clause

The name clause furnishes the name of the company. The name should not be identical with, or similar to, the name of an existing company. The name should not suggest any connection with or patronage of a national hero. The name must not directly or indirectly imply any participation of the central or state government. In case of a public company, the name should end with the word ‘limited’ and in case of a private company the name should end with the word ‘private limited’.

B. Registered office clause

This clause specifies the name of the state wherein which the registered of the company is proposed to be situated. Full address of the company must be filed with the registrar within 30days of incorporation of the company. It is also known as situation or domicile clause.

C. Object Clause

his is the most clause of the memorandum it defines a purpose for which the company is formed. A company is not legally/7 entitled to undertake an activity, which is yond the objects stated in this clause.

D. Liability clause

It states whether the liability of members is limited by shares or by guaranty.

E. Capital clause

This clause specifies the maximum capital which the company will be authorized sed to raise through the issue of shares,

F. Association Clause

This clause state that the subscriber express of their willingness and agreement to form a company.

Answer 30.
1. Services to manufacturers
a. Facilitate large-scale production

Bulk orders from wholesalers enable the producers to undertake production on a large scale and take advantages of economies of scale.

b. Bearing risk

The wholesaler deals in goods in their own name and takes the risk of loss or damage in storage and transit.

c. Financial assistance

Wholesalers provide financial assistance to manufactures b means they make ready cash payment for purchases and even advance money to producers.

d. Expert advice

As wholesalers are in direct contact with retailers they provide useful information regarding customer taste and preference and market condition t 0 manufacturers.

e. Help in marketing function:
Functions of wholesalers relieve producers from many of the marketing activities and enable them to concentrate on the production activity.

f. Facilitate production continuity by purchasing the goods and when these are produced

g. Storage/warehousing of goods produced

2. Services to retailers:

a. Availability of goods:

The wholesalers make the products’ of various manufacturers readily available to the retailers.

b. Marketing support:
The wholesalers perform various marketing functions and provide support to retailers.

c. Grant of credit

WhoJesalers provide credit facilities to retailers.

d. Specialized knowledge:

The wholesalers specialize in one line of products and know the pulse of the market. So they offer expert advice to retailers.

e. Risk sharing

Wholesalers sell goods to retailers in small quantities and thus retailers do not face the risk of storage, pilferage, obsolescence etc.

Answer 31.
PARTNERSHIP

A partnership is a relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of the business carried on by all or any one of them acting for all.

MERITS

• There is ease information as well as the closure of a business.
  
• Balanced decision making in partnership decision is taken by all partners.
  
• More funds In a partnership the capital is contributed by a number of partners.
  
• Sharing of risk like profit sharing losses also shared by partners.
  
• Secrecy Since partnership firm is not legal not required to publish its accounts and submits its reports, it can maintain the confidentiality of information relating to its operation.
  

LIMITATION

• Unlimited liability
  
  The partners of a firm have unlimited liability the partners are jointly and individually liable for payment of debts.
• Limited resources
  
  As there is a restriction on a number of members, capital contributed by them also limited.
• Possibility of conflicts
  
  A difference in opinion on some issues may lead to disputes between partners
• Lack of continuity
  
  The retirement death insolvency or insanity of any partner can bring an end to the business.
  
• Lack of public confidence
  Partnership firm is legally not required to publish its accounts and submits its reports, it results in a lack of public confidence in partnership.
  

Answer 32.
Functions of commercial banks

1. Acceptance of deposits

The commercial bank accepts deposits from the people. The different types of deposits area current account, savings account and fixed deposits.

2. Lending pf funds

ruemo Second major activity of commercial banks is to provide loans and advances out of the money received through deposits. These advances can be made in the form of overdrafts, cash credits, discounting trade bill etc.

3. Cheque facility

It is the very important service which is provided the customers by this one can any time collect theircheques and drawn on other banks. There are two type of cheques mainly a. bearer cheque and b. crossed cheque

4. Remittance of funds

Another function of commercial bankis pro-viding the facility of fund transfer from one place to another, on account of the interconnectivity of branches.

5. Allied services

Besides these, a bank also provides allied services such as bill payments, locker facility, underwriting services, buying and selling of shares and debentures on instruction etc.

Answer 33.
1. Retained earnings (ploughing back of profit)

A portion of net earnings which are not distributed to shareholders but are retained in the business for use in the future, known as retained earnings.

2. Trade credit

Trade credit is the credit extended by one trader to another for the purchase of goods and services. It is a short term source of finance.

3. Factoring

It is the method of converting book debts into cash. It is the practice of raising funds by selling firms accounts receivables to another agency called factor. Factor charges fees for the services rendered.

4. Lease financing

A lease is a contractual agreement whe-reby the owner of the asset (lessor grants the right to use the asset to a third party (lessee), in other words, it is ‘ rending of an asset for some specified period. The lessee has to pay a specified amount called lease rent to the lesser for the use of the asset,

5. Public deposit

The deposit data raised by the organization directly from the public are known public deposit rates of interest offered on public deposits are usually higher than those allowed by a commercial bank.

6. Commercial paper

It fs an unsecured promissory note issued by a firm to raise funds for a short period, ! varying from 90 days to 364 days rate of interest on a loan is fixed.

7. Issue of shares

The capital of a company is divided in to small units called shares. The capital obtained by issue of shares is known as share capital. The one who hold shares is called shareholder.

A. Equity shares
do not enjoy preferential right in the matter of the claim of dividend or repayment of capital. They do not get a fixed dividend. They have the right to vote.

B. Preference shares

Capital raised by the issue of preferenceshares is called preference share capital. The preference shareholders enjoy a preferential right over equity shareholders in two ways:

• Right to get a fixed rate of dividend,
• right to claim repayment of capital in the event of winding up of the company.

8. Debentures

Debenture is an instrument issued by com’ pany raising long term debt capital, under its seal to acknowledge its debt. Debenture holders are creditors of the company . It bears a fixed rate of interest.

9. Commercial Banks

Commercial banks provide loans and advances in the form of cash credit , over a draft, term loan, discounting of bill and letter of credit etc.

10. Financial Institutions

These are the institutions established by state and central government with the core objective of financing projects to bring rapid industrialization on a long term basis. It is also known as lending institution or development bank.

11. International financing

A. Commercial banks

Commercial banks all over the world extend foreign currency loans for business purposes.

B. International agencies and development banks

A number of international agencies and development banks are provide long and medium-term loans and grants to promote the development of economically backward areas in the world.

C. International capital markets

1. Global Depository Receipts (GDR’s)

It is a negotiable instrument issued abroad by an Indian company to raise funds in foreign currency and it is traded on a foreign stock exchange. The local currency shares : of a company delivered to depositary bank thereafter depository bank issue depository receipts against these shares. Such deposi-tory receipts denominated in US dollars are known as GDRs. The holder of GDR can at any time convert it into a number of shares it represents. They are entitled to the dividend but do not carry any voting rights

2. American Depository Receipts (ADR’s)

The depository receipts issued by a company in the USA are known as ADRs. It can be issued only to American citizens and can be listed and traded on a stock exchange in the USA.

3. Foreign currency convertible bonds (FCCB’s)

They are equity linked debt securities that are to be converted into equity or depository receipts after a specified period. The FCCB’s are issued in a foreign currency and carry a fixed interest rate. These are listed and traded in the foreign stock exchange and similar to the convertible debenture issued in India.

Plus One Business Studies Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Model Question Paper 4

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer all questions from question numbers 1 to 9. Each carry one score.

Question 1.
When the drawee of the bill of exchange makes the payment before the maturity date of the bill is called
a. dishonour of the bill
b. discounting of bill
c. retiring of bill
d. renewal of bill

Question 2.
Fill in the blank with suitable data type on the basis of the hint given:
a. Name: Text
b. Birthdate:

Question 3.
Classify the following input devices and out­put devices

a. Optical pen
b. VDU (visual Display unit)
c. Printer
d. Smart card reader

Question 4.
Which one of the following principles of ac­counting helps to equate the assets of a firm with its liabilities?

a. Full disclosure principle
b. Duality principle
c. Matching principle
d. Cost principle

Question 5.
Tally is a……………..
a. Utility software
b. Application software
c. Operating system
d. Connecting software

Question 6.
When the debit of income and expenditure is more than its credit, it leaves a ………….

a. profit
b. surplus
c. deficit
d. loss

Question 7.
A bank reconciliation statement is prepared with the balance of……….

a. Passbook
b. Cashbook
c. Both pass book and cash book
d. None of these

Question 8.
The single entry system is also known as

a. Imprest system
b. Merchantite system
c. Incomplete system
d. Cash system

Question 9.
Which of the following is INCORRECT?
a. Assets = Liabilities + Capital
b. Liabilities=Assets – Capital
c. Capital = Assets – Liabilities
d. Liabilities = Assets + capital

Answer any five from question numbers 10 to 15. Each carries two scores.

Question 10.
Journal and ledger are two important books maintained in accounting.
a. State any two differences between these books.
b. Purchase office furniture for Rs. 500 by cheque. The account to be debited is

Question 11.
Mention two capabilities of a computer over human beings.

Question 12.
From the following information, ascertain the amount of debtors to be posted in the asset side of the Balance sheet.

Adjustments:
a. Provide 5% for further bad debts.
b. Create a provision for doubtful debts@ 10% on debtors.
c. Provision for discount on debtors is
to be created @ 10%.

Question 13.
In how many ways are assets classified? Mention these ways.

Question 14.
From the following transactions, identify the type of error.
a. Wages paid for making additions to machinery Rs 100 was debited to wages A/c.
b. Sales account was given an excess credit by Rs 1600 and at the same time, rent account was totaled shortly by Rs 1600.
c. A credit purchase of Rs 10000 from Manju Agencies was not recorded at all.
d. A credit sale of Rs 5000 was entered in the sales book as Rs 50000.

Question 15.
Rajanesh is a manager with great expertise in management and leading his firm very well. But his expertise does not find a place in the accounting records of the firm.
a. Is it genuine according to the rules of accounting?
b. State your answer with the reason.

Answer any three from question numbers 16 to 19 Each carries three scores.

Question 16.
Bank reconciliation statement is prepared to reconcile the cash book and pass book bal­ances on a certain date.
a. This statement is prepared by…
b. Write any one cause for the difference in pass book and cash book
c. Cash book of Tinu shows a bank bal­ances of Rs. 15,000. On comparing the cash book the following discrep­ancies were found.

1. Cheque issued to Deepa but not presented for payments of Rs. 1,000
2. Bank interest credited by the bank Rs.400
3. Divya, a customer directly deposi­ted Rs.4000 to firm’s bank account
4. Bank Charges Rs.100 not entered in the cash book.
   Prepare a bank reconciliation statement.

Question 17.
Ascertain the profit from the following:
Capital on 1^st January 2014   र 16000
Capital as on 31^st December 2014  र 17900
Drawings made during the year  र 4800
Capital introduced on 1st July 2014 र 2000

Question 18.
Rectify the following transactions of Baby stores during the year 2012-13.

1. Salary paid Rs 900 was recorded as Rs 90 only.
2. Furniture purchased on credit for Rs 20000 was recorded through cash book by mistake.
3. Wages worth Rs 40000 paid for con­struction of a car porch were debited to Wages A/c
4. Purchase book was cast short by Rs 900.

Question 19.
A firm decided to make provision for doubtful debts @ 10% on debtors for the year 2012-13. Name the relevant accounting principle applied here and explain.

Answer any two from question numbers 20 to 22. Each carries four scores.

Question 20.
Star Ltd. purchased machinery for Rs 290000 and spent Rs 10000 on its installation on 1^st April 2008. After using it for 3 years, it was sold for Rs 2,00,000 on March 31^st, 2011. Depreciation is to be provided at 10% on the fixed installment method.
a. Pass journal entry for recording the purchase of machinery.
b. Find the amount of profit/loss on sale of machinery assuming that the acco­unting year closes on 31^st March every year.

Question 21.
Krishna intends to create a table in Ms- Access. Suggest suitable data types for the following fields.

Question 22.
From the following particulars, prepare the bank reconciliation statement of Asha & Co. as on
31-03-2012.
a. Credit balance as per pass book is  Rs. 10,000
b. Bank collected a cheque of Rs. 500 on behalf of Asha & Co. but wrongly credited it to Asha’s account.
c. Bank recorded a cash book deposi­ted of Rs. 1589 &Rs. 1598.
d. Withdrawal column of the passbook under cost by Rs. 100
e. The credit balance of Rs. 1500 as on the passbook was recorded in the debit balance.
f. The payment of a cheque of Rs. 350 was recorded twice in the passbook.
g. The passbook showed a credit bala­nce for a cheque of Rs.1000 deposi­ted by Asha & Co.

Answer question numbers 23 and 24. Each car­ries five scores.

Question 23.
“Writing equation forms the basis of the accounting process”. Prove that the accounting equation is satisfied in all of the following transactions.
a. Suresh commenced business with cash RS 40000
b. Purchased goods on credit Rs 6500
c. Paid rent Rs 500
d. Sold goods costing Rs 6500 on credit for Rs 8000

Question 24.
Prepare a double column cash book from the following transactions for the month of January 2018.

Question 25.
Kiran a sole trader does not keep full records of books of accounts. However, the following information is available. You are required to calculate credit sales and credit purchases by preparing Total Debtors Account and Total Creditors Account. Also, show the Bills receivables A/c and Bills payable A/c.

Question 26.
Mr. Thomas keeps his books under the single entry system. On 1 st April 2013, his records indicated the following assets and liabilities,


During the year, he introduced Rs 15000 as further capital and withdrew Rs 400 every month. Calculate the profit or loss made by him during the year by using the statement of affairs method.

Question 27.
Mr. John, who does not follow the double-entry system gives you the following details for the period ended 31/12/2012.


loss account and the Balance Sheet as on 31/12/2012.

Answer

Answer 1.
c. retiring of bill

Answer 2.
Date / Time / Text

Answer 3.
Input devices – (a) & (d)
Output devices – (b) & (c)

Answer 4.
Duality principle

Answer 5.
Application software

Answer 6.
profit

Answer 7.
Both pass book and cash book

Answer 8.
Incomplete system

Answer 9.
Liabilities=Assets + capital

Answer 10.
(a)

b. Furniture A\C.

Answer 11.
1. Speed: A computer is able to process data at.a very high speed than that of a human being
2. Accuracy: It refers to the degree of exactness with which comp­utation are made and operations are performed.

Answer 12.

Answer 13.

Answer 14.
(a) Error of principle
(b) Error of compensating
(c) Error of omission
(d) Errors of commission
(e) Errors of omission

Answer 15.
(a) Yes.
(b) According to this concept, transactio­ns involving money or money’s worth will be recorded in the books of acco­unts. The transactions or events which cannot be expressed in monetary terms.

Answer 16.
(a) Customer/ Businessman/Account holder etc
(b) Cheque issued by the bank but not yet presented for payment.
(c) Bank Reconciliation Statement

Answer 17.

Answer 18.

Answer 19.
Principle of conservatism
According to this principle, all possible losses are to be provided for but incomes can be recognised only when there is a certainty.

Answer 20.
a. Machinery A/c Dr 300000
Cash/ Bank 300000
b. Ascertainment of Profit or Loss on Sale of Machinery

Answer 21.
a. No/Text
b. Text
c. Text
d. Text
e. No
f. Date/Time

Answer 22.

Answer 23.

Answer 24.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.

Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 1 Chapter 1 His First Flight Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook His First Flight Questions and Answers Unit 1 Chapter 1 (Story)

His First Flight (Story) Textual Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why was the seagull afraid to fly?
Answer:
The seagull was afraid to fly because below him was the vast sea and he thought his wings would never support him and he would fall into the sea and die.

Question 2.
What did the parents do to motivate the young bird when it failed to muster up enough courage to fly?
Answer:
They came around calling to him loudly. They scolded him and even threatened to starve him.

Question 3.
How did the parents support and encourage the young seagull’s brothers and sister?
Answer:
They flew about wilfi them, trying to perfect them in the art of fiight. They taught them how to skim the waves and how to dive for fish.

Question 4.
Cite an instance which shows the pathetic condition of the young bird.
Answer:
When the sun was shining hot, the young bird felt the heat all the more because he had not eaten anything since yesterday night. He searched everywhere but not a scrap of food was found. He even gnawed at the dried pieces of eggshell, from which he and his brothers and sister were hatched. It was like eating a part of himself.

Question 5.
How did the bird try to reach its parents without having to fly?
Answer:
He trotted back and forth from one end of the ledge to the other, trying to find some means of reaching his parents without flying. But on each side of him the ledge ended in a sheer fall of a precipice with the sea under. There was a deep, wide crack between hi.m and his parents.

Question 6.
Why could the seagull not succeed in its attempt?
Answer:
The seagull could not succeed in its attempt because there was nothing to walk on that would bring him to his parents. A deep, wide crack separated him from his parents and there was no way for him to reach them except by flying to them.

Question 7.
Do you think that the young seagull’s parents were cruel?
Answer:
No, I don’t think so. They were not cruel, but they were wise.

Question 8.
Can you justify the attitude of the parents?
Answer:
The parents were right in what they did. They wanted to teach him the importance of confidence and self¬reliance. One can’t depend on his parents all his life for his livelihood. He should learn to find food for himself once he reaches a certain stage of his life. We see the mother hen pecking and driving away her chicks once they are grown.

Question 9.
Your parents sometimes behave in the same manner. They may seem cruel and unrelenting. Does it mean that they do not love you?
Answer:
The parents sometimes behave in this cruel and unrelenting manner to make you self-reliant. It doesn’t mean they do not love you. It means they love you and that is why they train you to be independent and self-reliant. If they treat you as a helpless baby all the time, you will remain a helpless baby. So it is their love that forces them to be seemingly cruel and unrelenting at times.

Question 10.
What prompted the young seagull to fly finally?
Answer:
It was his hunger that prompted the young seagull to fly finally. He was very hungry and the mother would not give him the fish she had brought with her. She wanted him to fly to her to get it.

Question 11.
Why was the young bird terrified? How did it overcome its fear?
Answer:
The young bird dived at the fish his mother was carrying. When he dived he fell outwards and downwards into space. The wind rushed against his breast feathers and his stomach and wings. He could feel the tips of his wings cutting through the air. He was not falling how. He was soaring. He thus overcame his fear.

Question 12.
How did the family support the seagull?
Answer:
The mother flew past him, making joyful sounds. His father flew over him, screaming with joy. His two brothers and sister were flying around him, soaring and diving. In this way the family supported him.

Question 13.
Why could not the young seagull stand on the green sea?
Answer:
The young seagull could not stand on the green sea because the legs would go down the water. But when his belly touched the water, he did not sink further.

Question 14.
Do you think the bird’s parents loved him? Why?
Answer:
Of course, the bird’s parents loved him. They wanted to teach him howto be courageous and self-confident. The mother even came with a piece of fish to tempt him to attempt the flight. And when finally he flew, all the family members showed their joy by flying with him-and making happy noises.

Activity -I (Read and Respond)

Question 1.
What is the theme of the story?
Answer:
The theme of the story is building confidence and self-reliance in youngsters.

Question 2.
What do you think is the real crisis faced by the young bird?
Answer:
The real crisis faced by the young bird is his lack of confidence and his fear of going out of the protective shelter of his home.

Question 3.
What is your impression of the reaction of the parents in the story?
Answer:
The parents are wise and clever. They want the young bird to be independent and self reliant. The mother brings a piece of fish very close to the young bird and forces him to leap forward to get it. That leap forces him to use his wings and fly. Initially he is terrified but soon he enjoys flying. The reaction of the parents was quite appropriate. They too are happy to see their child confident and self-reliant. That is why they fly with him cackling joyously.

Question 4.
Identify the words and expressions used in the story to express the thoughts, attitudes, movements, sounds, emotions, appearances, descriptions of the birds/places etc.
Answer:
Places :

• The great expanse of the sea stretched down beneath.
• The rough, dirt-caked straw nest.
• The ledge ended in a sheer fall of a precipice, with the sea beneath.
• A deep wide crack.
• A little high hump on the plateau.
• He saw a vast green sea beneath him, with little ridges moving over it.

Birds :

• He had taken a little run to the brink of the ledge and attempted to flap his wings.
• He failed to muster up the courage.
• His father and mother had come around calling to him shrilly, scolding him, threatening to let him starve.
• He had watched his parents flying about with his brothers and sister, perfecting them in the art of flight, teaching them how to skim the waves and how to dive for fish.
• He had seen his older brother catch his first herring and devour it.
• He then trotted back…, his long gray legs stepping daintily.
• Standing on one leg with the other leg hidden under his wing.
• He saw his two brothers and his sister lying on the plateau dozing, with their heads sunk into their necks.
• His father was preening the feathers on his white back.
• He uttered a low cackle.
• She halted, her legs hanging limp, her wings motionless.
• Then maddened by hunger, he dived for the fish.
• Then a monstrous terror seized him and his heart stood still.
• He uttered a joyous scream and flapped his wings again.
• They were beckoning to him, calling him shrilly.
• He was floating on it.

Question 5.
Do you think such expressions make the narrative more effective and engage your interest and attention?
Answer:
Yes, I do. Such expressions make the narrative more effective and engage our interest and attention.

Question 6.
What is the message of the story?
Answer:
The message of the story is that we have to be courageous, confident and self-reliant if we are to succeed in life.

Activity – II (review)

Question 7.
Based on the discussion, prepare a review of the story.
Answer:
Review:
Liam O’Flaherty’s story ‘His First Flight’ is about a young seagull taking his first flight. The young seagull has two brothers and a sister. The parents of the seagull are very loving and caring and they train their children diligently to develop confidence and self-reliance in them. While the two older brothers and the sister fly away, the young seagull is reluctant to fly. His parents shout at him, scold him and even threaten him with starvation. But the young seagull prefers to stay in his rough, dirt-caked nest. But the excessive heat on the following day and hunger have troubled him.

He begs his mother who is on another cliff to give him some food. She comes with a piece of fish and forces her son to leave the ledge. Maddened by hunger, he dives at the fish which is close to him and he leaves the safety of the rock behind him. He is terrified. He then flaps his wings and finds they can carry him. He then lands on the sea. His feet sink and once again he is afraid. But when his belly touches the water he does not sink any further. He has now gained confidence. His parents and his brothers and sister join him in congratulating him on his successful first flight.

O’Flaherty has shown how good and sensible parents should behave. They train their children. When one of them is showing weakness, they shout at him, scold him and even threaten him with starvation. They do that with the welfare of the child in their mind. Then they help him to embark on his first flight. When he succeeds they are also happy.

O’Flaherty has used very simple and clear language to tell his story. There are many dramatic situations in the story. The descriptions of the places and the birds are excellent and the images we get are lively. He has used the figure of speech of personification extensively and powerfully injjis story. He has given a good message to all – To be successful we have to be courageous, confident and self-reliant. No pain, no gain. We can’t achieve anything without taking risks.

Activity – III (Tree Diagram)

Answer:

Activity – IV (Think and Respond)

Question 8.
Do you believe that you also can fly high in your life?
Answer:
Yes, I do believe that I also can fly high in my life. With determination and hard work I can do it.

Question 9.
What sort of support do you expect from your family?
Answer:
I expect moral, financial and psychological support from my family. They should have faith in me.

Question 10.
Can their support alone help you in fulfilling your ambition?
Answer:
No, their support alone will not help. I need to work hard and I should be courageous and self-confident. I will also need support from my teachers and my well-wishers.

Question 11.
What do you think are the requirements to attain success in life? Write them below:
Answer:
a) Determination
b) Hard work and perseverance
c) Support of different kinds
d) Motivation
e) Faith in self
f) Adequate material and intellectual resources

II. Read and Reflect

Question 1.
Let’s examine what Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam has to tell us about being successful and unique.

His First Flight (Story) About the Author

– Liam O’Flaherty

Liam O’Flaherty (1896-1984) was an Irish novelist and short-story writer. His books are famous for their psychological vision into the problems of life and the ways of overcoming them. ‘His First Flight’ shows the importance of independence and self-confidence. It also shows the need to remain involved in family life. Throughout the story, the writer stresses the importance of self-esteem and self-reliance.

His First Flight (Story) Summary in English

– Liam O’Flaherty (1896-1984)

The young seagull was alone on his ledge. His two brothers and his sister had already flown away the day before. He had been afraid to fly with them. He had taken a little run forward to the edge of the ledge and tried to flap his wings. But he was afraid when he saw the vast sea under him. The sea was miles down. He thought his wings would not support him. So he ran back to the little hole under the ledge and he slept there at night.

His brothers and sister had shorter wings than him. Even when he saw them running to the end of the ledge, flapping their wings and flying away, he did not have the courage to fly. His father and mother shouted at him, scolded him and threatened to starve him. But he did not move.

This was yesterday. Since then nobody had come to him. The day before, all day long, he had watched his parents flying about with his brothers and sister. They were teaching them the art of flight. They taught them to skim the waves and to dive for fish. He saw his older brother catching his first herring and eating it, standing on a rock. His parents were happy to see their son catching his first fish. They circled around making a proud cackle. All the morning the whole family had walked about on the big plateau on the opposite cliff, laughing at the cowardice of one of their members.

The sun was now climbing the sky and it became very hot on the ledge. He felt the heat more because he had not eaten anything since yesterday night. He found a dried piece of mackerel’s tail at the far end of the ledge. There was no food left. He had searched everywhere, even in the rough, dirt-caked, straw nest where he and his brothers and sister were hatched. He even tried to get something from the dried pieces of eggshell. It was like eating a part of himself.

He then ran back and forth from one end of the ledge to the other. He wanted to reach his parents without having to fly. But at each side of him, the ledge ended in a sheer fall of precipice, with the sea under it. Between him and his parents there was the deep, wide crack.

He wanted to reach his parents by walking towards them. But there was no ledge to walk on. The only way to reach them was by flying to them.

He stepped slowly out to the very end of the ledge. He stood on one leg, hiding the other leg under his wing. He closed one eye. Then he closed the other eye. He pretended to be falling asleep. But his parents took no notice of him. He saw his brothers and sisters lying on the plateau dozing. His father was preening the feathers on his white back. Only his mother was looking at him.

She was standing on a high hump on the plateau. Her white breast was thrust forward. Now and again, she tore at a piece of fish at her feet, and then scraped each side of her beak on the rock. The sight of the food maddened him. He loved to tear food that way, scraping the beak to sharpen it. He made a low sound. His mother also made a similar sound and looked at him.

He cried ‘ga, ga, ga’, begging her to bring some food to him. She screamed back mockingly at him. He kept on making his sorrowful sounds and then suddenly uttered a joyful scream. His mother had picked up a piece of fish and was flying towards him. He leaned out eagerly, tapping the rock with his feet, trying to get nearer her. But when she was just opposite to him, she halted, her legs hanging limp, her wings motionless. The piece of fish was almost within the reach of his beak.

He waited a moment wondering why she is not coming nearer. Then, maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish. With a loud scream, he fell outwards and downwards into space. His mother had swooped upwards. As he passed under her, he heard the sound her wings were making.

He was terrified for a moment and his heart froze. He could hear nothing. It lasted only a moment. The next moment he felt his wings spreading outwards. He felt the wind under his stomach and against his wings. He could feel the tips of his wings cutting through the air. He was not falling now. He was now flying. He was no longer afraid. He just felt a little dizzy. Then he flapped his wings and soared upwards.

He made a joyful sound and flapped his wings again. He climbed higher. He raised his breast and banked against the wind. ‘Ga, ga, ga. Ga, ga, ga,’ he cackled. His mother also made a sound and flew past him, her wings making a loud noise. He answered her with another shout of joy. Then his father flew over him screaming. Then he saw his brothers and sister flying around him, soaring and diving.

He forgot he had not been able to fly. He started diving and soaring, making loud noises of joy.

He was near the sea now, flying right over it. He saw the vast green sea under him and little waves moving on it. He turned his beak sideways and crowded in a funny way. His parents and his brothers and sister had landed on this green floor in front of him. They were signaling to him, calling him. He dropped his legs to stand on the green sea. His legs sank into it. He screamed with fear and tried to rise again, flapping his wings. He was tired and weak with hunger and he could not rise, exhausted with the exercise. His feet sank into the green sea, and then his belly touched it and he sank no more.

He was floating on it. Around him his family was screaming with joy, praising him and they were offering him scraps of dog-fish.

He had made his first flight.

His First Flight (Story) Vocabulary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 3 Chapter 2 The Trip of Le Horla Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook The Trip of Le Horla Questions and Answers Unit 3 Chapter 2 (Short Story)

The Trip of Le Horla (Short Story) Textual Questions and Answers

Travel Essay Plus One English Chapter 2 Question 1.
What is special about the sentences in the telegram?
Answer:
The sentences are not grammatical. The message is conveyed through short phrases.

Travel Essay In English For Students Plus One Chapter 2 Question 2.
What does the author compare the balloon to?
Answer:
The balloon is compared to a cake made of yellow cloth.

The Trip Of Le Horla Hss Live Chapter 2 Question 3.
What is the other thought that occurs to every mind?
Answer:
The other thought that occurs to every mind is a baby in the womb that is nourished through the umbilical cord until its birth.

Plus One English Unit 3 Notes Chapter 2 Question 4.
Express the attitude of the spectators and passengers towards the sport of ballooning.
Answer:
Some spectators think that the balloon will come down before reaching its destination. They also criticise several other things about the balloon. But the passengers are happy and excited about what they are going to do and they are optimistic about their success.

Sacred Turtles Of Kadavu Live Tv Report Chapter 2 Question 5.
What is the established custom mentioned here?
Answer:
Dining in the canteen of the gas-works by the passengers is the established custom mentioned here.

The Trip Of Le Horla Summary In Malayalam Chapter 2 Question 6.
When travellers come out, what do they see?
Answer:
When the travelers come out they see that the balloon is moving from side to side, enormous and transparent, a big golden fruit, a wonderful pear which is still ripening with the last rays of the setting sun. The basket is attached. The barometers and the siren are brought. Two trumpets, the eatables, overcoats, and raincoats were also there.

The Trip Of Le Horla Malayalam Summary Chapter 2 Question 7.
Name the passengers in the balloon.
Answer:
Jovis is the Captain. Then there are Lieutenant Mallet, M. Etierine Beer, M. Paul Bessand and the narrator, Guy de Maupassant.

The Trip Of Le Horla Question Answers Chapter 2 Question 8.
Who is posted as the officer on watch?
Answer:
Lieutenant Mallet is posted as the officer on watch.

Trip Of Le Horla Question Answers Chapter 2 Question 9.
Why does M. Eyries get out of the balloon? Is he regretful? Why?
Answer:
M. Eyries gets out of the balloon because the basket carrying the passengers has become too heavy for the balloon. He is regretful. He had planned for this flight and since he had to abandon it at the last minute he was unhappy. He would miss all the adventure and fun.

Plus One English The Trip Of Le Horla Question And Answer Chapter 2 Question 10.
What does M. Joliet’s deeds and words tell us about him?
Answer:
His words and deeds tell that M, Joliet is a chivalrous gentleman. He gallantly asks the ladies to stand aside a little because the rising balloon might throw sand on their hats. It shows how considerate he is to the ladies.

Plus One English The Trip Of Le Horla Chapter 2 Question 11.
Comment on the use of the word ‘liberty’.
Answer:
Maupassant has used the word ‘liberty’ in the most appropriate fashion. By cutting the rope that holds Le Horla to the ground, Le Horla is given the liberty to fly freely in the infinite skies like a bird.

Hsslive Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 2 Question 12.
Describe the aerial view of Paris.
Answer:
Paris is like a dark bluish patch, cut by its streets. Domes, towers, and steeples of Paris are visible in the sky. Around it there is the plain, traversed by long roads amidst green fields and forests.

Hss Live Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 2 Question 13.
Have you ever had an aerial view of a place?
Answer:
Yes, I had. Once I flew from Cochin to Mumbai and I had an aerial view of Mumbai.

Plus One English Chapter The Trip Of Le Horla Question Answer Question 14.
Can a view from an aeroplane be as picturesque as this balloon view? Why?
Answer:
No, it can’t be. Because an aeroplane flies at a much greater height and at a greater speed and so your view can’t be as picturesque as from a balloon which flies at a lower height and with less speed.

Hss Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 2 Question 15.
How do the travellers know whether they are rising or sinking?
Answer:
Travellers know whether they are rising or sinking by throwing a cigarette paper out of the basket. If the paper falls down like a stone, it means the balloon is rising. If it appears to shoot skyward, the balloon is sinking.

The Trip Of Le Horla Questions And Answers Chapter 2 Question 16.
All the noises are easily recognisable. Mention the diverse sounds that reach the travellers’ ears.
Answer:
The noises that reach the travellers ears are the sound of wheels rolling on the streets, the snap of a whip, the shouts of drivers, the rolling and whistling of trains and the laughter of the boys running after one another. When they pass over a village, the noise of children’s voices is heard above the rest with much clarity.

Plus One English Textbook Activity Answers Unit 3 Chapter 2 Question 17.
How do the animals receive the balloon? How does the balloon appear before them?
Answer:
The dog’s bark. The cows low. To all the animals the balloon appears as a monster moving through the air. They are scared of it.

Plus One English Notes The Trip Of Le Horla Chapter 2 Question 18.
The delicious odours of the soil rise toward us, the smell of hay, of flowers, of the moist, verdant earth, perfuming the air … Identify the type of imagery used here.
Answer:
The imagery is that of a wedding – the bride eagerly and happily welcoming the groom.

Question 19.
What do you think would be the fate of the balloon?
Answer:
I think the balloon would get out of control.

Question 20.
Why does the Mallet ask the Captain to throw down half a handful of sand?
Answer:
Mallet asks the Captain to throw down half a handful of sand because by doing that the weight of the balloon would be reduced helping it to rise.

Question 21.
The balloon is both a free toy and a slave of the wind. Express your views on this statement.
Answer:
The balloon is both a free toy and a slave of the wind. The travellers raise and sink the balloon as they wish making use of the bag of ballast (sand, stones etc.) with them. This way it is a toy for them. But they can do nothing if it is caught by a storm and then the balloon becomes a slave and the travellers lose their control over it.

Question 22.
Can you observe odour? Why does the author say so?
Answer:
Normally we can’t observe odour. We can only smell it. The author says that it could be observed because he can see the balloon expanding because of the current of warm air and the gas going out by the escape-valve.

Question 23.
Comment on the expression: ‘losing its invisible blood by the escape-valve.’
Answer:
Blood keeps the body alive. In the case of the balloon, it is the gas that keeps it ‘alive’ – flying in the air. Gas is thus the invisible blood.

Question 24.
What do the mist-covered earth and star-studded sky indicate?
Answer:
The mist-covered earth and star-studded sky indicate that it is night and the balloon and its passengers are at a great height.

Question 25.
How is the rising of the moon described?
Answer:
A silvery light appears and makes the sky turn pale. It is rising from unknown depths, behind the horizon, on the edge of a cloud.

Question 26.
Look at the expression ‘delicious inertia. ’ Can you identify the figure of speech used here?
Answer:
The figure of speech used here is a Metaphor.

Question 27.
Why is space travel considered as ‘delicious inertia by the narrator?
Answer:
Inertia means apathy, unwillingness to move or . act. The narrator feels that space travel is wonderful and compares it to having delicious food. There is a great sensation of satisfaction and happiness while travelling in space in a state of inertia. They feel like birds that don’t even have to flap their wings.

Question 28.
Coin expressions to describe the balloon just like the author who calls the balloon’ a world wandering in the sky’ and ‘a wandering, travelling world.’
Answer:
‘Soaring, fleeting world’ and ‘a fleeting world in the sky’.

Question 29.
When does the balloon stop? Why?
Answer:
The balloon stops when it reaches a height of two thousand three hundred and fifty metres. The air pressure must have come down so the balloon stops rising and then it starts to descend.

Question 30.
How does the author describe the rapid descent of the balloon?
Answer:
The author says that they are going down very rapidly. M. Mallet asks the passengers to throw out more ballast. They are throwing out sand and stones to lighten the balloon so that it can fly upwards but their descent is so fast that the sand they throw flies back into their eyes.

Question 31.
How does the shadow of the balloon appear to the travellers?
Answer:
The travellers look down and see something running on the ground with great speed , jumping over ditches, roads and trees so easily but they cannot guess what it is until the captain tells them that it is the shadow of the balloon.

Question 32.
How far does the polar star guide the travellers?
Answer:
The polar star guides the travellers to Belgium which borders France on the south.

Question 33.
Do you think it is a scientific way to travel?
Answer:
Yes. The polar star is also called the North Star. It has been used by travellers for centuries to help them to know the direction as it remains constant in its position.

Question 34.
Who is the bewildered man? Why is he bewildered?
Answer:
Lieutenant Mallet who was watching the course of the balloon is the bewildered man. He is bewildered or confused because the balloon is moving so fast that he does not even know where they are. Comment on the reaction of the captain to the roaring wind.

Question 35.
Can you justify the Captain’s behaviour?
Answer:
The Captain knows that the sound they hear is the sound of a storm coming. He does not want to frighten his passengers so he says it is the sound of the waterfalls and nudges the narrator to keep silent. I can justify the Captain’s behaviour. If the passengers are frightened they may do something foolish and this would be very dangerous as they are in a small basket of a flying balloon.

Question 36.
Identify the sights and sounds that welcome the dawn.
Answer:

Question 37.
‘The world fleeing under our feet’ —what experience does the author try to convey?
Answer:
The world is running under our feet. The author uses a personification to convey the experience of rapid movement of the earth while he was travelling in the balloon.

Question 38.
If you were ¡n such a situation how would you react?
Answer:
If I were in a flying balloon and a storm was coming and we had to descend fast, I would do as the passengers in the balloon did. I would certainly be scared but would help out to ensure that we land as safely as possible.

Question 39.
‘Religiously enclosed’- what ¡s your opinion about the adverb used here? How ¡s the adverb connected with the verb ‘enclosed’?
Answer:
It shows how seriously and carefully things have to be dohe while travelling in a balloon. The phrase ‘religiously enclosed’ is a personification. The adverb ‘religiously’ denotes seriousness and care and it is used to describe the verb ‘enclosed’. The narrator means that the escape valve had been very carefully enclosed in a white bag so that all the passengers would be careful and treat it with respect and not meddle with it or touch it.

Question 40.
Why do you think the birds are hesitant to follow the balloon?
Answer:
The thunder is rumbling and so the birds are hesitant to follow the balloon which looks like a monster. They don’t want to be caught in the storm and by the monster.

Question 41.
List out the words and expressions that indicate the mad flight of the balloon.
Answer:
The mad flight of the balloon is described:

• The basket trembles and tips over.
• The guy-rope touches the tall trees.
• The balloon passes with frightful rapidity.
• Bewildered chickens, pigeons, and ducks fly away
• Cows, cats and dogs run, terrified, toward the house.

Question 42.
What action does Mallet perform?
Answer:
Mallet reaches for the rope to the escape valve and hangs on to it. Then the cord to the anchor is cut with a knife.

Question 43.
Comment on the visual effect of ‘the balloon landing’.
Answer:
The balloon landing is visualized like the fall of a wounded beast during a hunt. It is very effectively pictured as a wounded beast trying to escape. But then it falls down and struggles, finally breathing its last.

Question 44.
Describe the reception of the balloon by the peasants.
Answer:
The peasants ran towards the landing balloon and as they waited for the balloon to deflate, a few of the peasants were jumping and gesturing like savages. The peasants were accommodating and hospitable and helped the travellers to pack all their material and carry it to the nearest station.

The Trip of Le Horla (Short Story) Textual Activities Questions and Answers

Activity -1 (Think and respond)

Question 1.
Imagine that you get a chance to be the captain of a tour programme. What type of a captain would you like to become?
Answer:
I would like to be a smart and efficient tour programme captain. Everyone in the programme should enjoy and have fun.

List the qualities of an ideal Captain.

• Helpful
• Efficient
• Smart
• Resourceful
• Courageous
• Humorous

Activity – II (Live TV report)

Question 2.
Draft a live TV report of Le Horla’s take off.
Answer:
Next on our infotainment section we have Rahul Binoy reporting live on the story “Le Horla Conquers the Skies’ from the Gas works at La Villette.

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Today is the day, 8th July, forLe Horla is taking off from La Villette. We are right in front of Le Horla, the hot air balloon. It is getting filled up and is swelling and wriggling like a huge worm. It is surrounded by some 300 enthusiastic people. Now the passengers are getting in. The Captain is Jovis. The others in the basket attached to the balloon are Lieutenant Mallet, M. Etierine Beer, M. Paul Bessand, and M. Patrice Eyries.

I see them talking animatedly. Now Patrice Eyries is coming down. It seems he can’t go because the balloon can’t take the weight of all of them. He walks away dejectedly. Poor guy! All his dream of an adventure is gone!

M. Joliet tells the ladies to keep off. When the balloon lifts sand will be thrown into their hats. He cuts the ropes that hold the balloon to the ground. Look! Le Horla is lifting upward like a bird lifts off. Up, up and up goes the balloon! People scream with joy! Le Horla climbs above the city of Paris and it is slowly disappearing! The sight of the earth from the balloon will be fantastic. We wish the passengers a lot of luck!

Activity – III (Dos and Don’ts)

Question 3.
While planning a trip, we have to consider many things. What are the dos and the don’ts while doing so?
Answer:
DOs

• Take a first aid kit.
• Wear appropriate clothes.
• Wear proper shoes.
• Ensure you have some drinking water.
• Keep enough money.
• If you are going abroad, ensure you have your . passport and visa with you.
• Have your camera.

DON’Ts

• Don’t carry expensive things
• Don’t overeat before you start a trip.
• Don’t carry too much luggage. Less luggage more comfort.
• Don’t try to show off by doing very risky things.
• Don’t get upset with small irritants.

Activity – IV (Comparison)

Question 4.
Nothing is more amusing, more delicate, more interesting than the manoeuvring of a balloon. What degree of comparison is used here?
Comparative Degree Read the passage on p. 88. Rewrite it comparing it with the life on earth.
Answer:
Now our minds and thoughts are more independent than they were when we were on earth. We are happier here because we have no regrets. We look and feel better here. Our journey here is wilder and more fantastic than any journey on earth because here the only thing we an see is the moon. We are a wandering, travelling world, like our sisters, the planets. The five of us have almost forgotten that we belong to the earth as we move in the space like birds. No crowds, no noise, no dust, no smoke! Beautiful blue sky and the right moon! We feel we are in heaven, floating through a stream of joy!

Activity – V (Narration)

Question 5.
Read the notes on the mode of narration given below:
Narrate the landing of the balloon from the point of view of one of the peasants there.

Answer:
I see a huge balloon from which a basket is hanging over the canal at a distance. The basket trembles and tips over slightly. I can see a rope trailing behind touching the tall trees on both banks. Now it is passing with frightful speed over a large farm. The bewildered chickens, pigeons and ducks fly away. The terrified cows, cats and dogs run towards the house. I don’t know what is happening. Now the balloon is passing over the trees. I see the balloon and the basket shaking. Something falls down and suddenly the balloon stops. Soon it touches the ground. The basket touches the earth. Then it goes up again. Once more, it falls and bounds upward again and at last, it settles on the ground. The balloon is struggling madly like a wounded beast. Now it comes to a standstill. I see five men climbing out of the basket. There is the joy of success on their faces. My companions and I help them. They say they want to go to Heyst, a railway station nearby. They want to take the 20:20 train to Paris. We help them to carry their luggage to the station.

Activity – VI (Travel Essay)

Question 6.
Read the notes on Travel Writing on below:

Now, write a travel essay, describing a ravel experience you had recently.
Answer:
My parents had promised me a foreign trip if I passed my SSLC with very high scores. I worked very hard and I passed with distinction. So my parents allowed me to go on a trip to Europe. Since travelling alone would be difficult, I decided to join a tour group organized by the company called Intersight, Kochi. The first problem was getting a European visa. The company said it would get it for me. I was planning to go in April. April is hot in Kerala, but in Europe it is still cold. So I had to get warm clothes for the trip. I also needed a good camera.

We started ourtravel from Kochi. The representative from the Intersight was there to organize things. I reported to the airport 3 hours before the take off time. After completing the check-in, I went for the immigration formalities. After a thorough body check, I was allowed to go into the comfortable waiting lounge.

We were flying by Qatar Airways to Zurich. The flight was announced and we got into the aircraft. It was a huge aircraft. The smiling airhostesses showed us to our seats. Soon we took off. We were served refreshments. Afterthat I watched an in-flight movie. After 3 hours, we landed at Qatar airport. It is a huge airport. We had to spend some time at the airport lounge to get our flight to Zurich.

The flight to Zurich was also by Qatar airways. We were served meals in the flight. After the meals I went off to sleep. Eight hours later, we landed at Zurich. We were taken to our hotel in a coach. It was then I came to know who the people in the group tour were. There was another boy of my age and soon we became friends.

Our first visit was to the Titlis Mountains, in the Alps. On our way, we saw the life of the people. How disciplined people were. How nicely they behaved on the roads. No animals and birds crossed the roads. We hardly saw anyone walking on the roads. On both sides there were fields. We could see cattle grazing. Switzerland is a beautiful country.

Soon we reached Titlis. We would be taken to the top by rope ways and lifts. We reached the top. The scene was breathtaking. The whole area was covered with snow and ice. People were skating. We went for an ice-tunnel walk. They have built a tunnel in the ice and I walked for nearly a kilometre inside the tunnel. Ice on top, ice at the bottom and ice on both sides. It was a wonderful experience. I was exhilarated. Tomorrow we would go to Paris by coach to see the Eiffel Tower and other wonderful sights of that great city.

Activity – VII (Progressive Tenses)

Question 7.
a. Read the notes and explanations given on page 89 of the Text.

But the clouds are gathering behind us…
Crows are crowing…

In the above segments, the action continues to take place even at the moment of speaking. The present continuous tense form of a verb is used in such a context. The verbs in the above segments of sentences (‘gather’ and ‘crow’) are in the present continuous tense form. Continuous tenses are also called progressive tenses.

We use the present continuous tense to denote

• something that is happening at the moment of speaking.
• something which is happening before and after a given time.
• something which we think is temporary.
• something which is new and contrasts with a previous state.
• something which happens again and again.
• for talking about the future; for something which has been arranged or planned.

Pick out the instances in the story where the present continuous tense form the verb is used.

Answer:

b. Form a sentence on your own:

Answer:

To use the Simple Present and the Present continuous tenses correctly.

The simple present tense is usually used to

• refer to regular actions, current situations, or facts in general.
• refer to more long-lasting or permanent situations.
• refer to actions which are going to happen very soon.
• refer to short actions happening at the time of speaking; generally, in reviews of films or books.
• ……………………………………………………………………………….
• ……………………………………………………………………………….

Read and Reflect

Question 1.
Travel is more than a mere exploration of the physical features of a landscape. It takes us beyond the features of the landscape into its customs, traditions and rituals. This travel experience tells us about a strange ritual on a Fijian island.

The Trip of Le Horla (Short Story) About the Author:

– Guy de Maupassant

Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) was a popular French writer. He is considered to be one of the masters of the modern short story. The Trip of Le Horla is about his ride in a hot air balloon.

The Trip Of Le Horla Summary

Page 78 :
I got a telegram on the morning of July 8th. It read: “Fine day. Always my predictions, Belgian frontier. Baggage and servants leave at noon at the social session. Beginning of maneuvers at three. So I will wait for you at the works from five o’clock on, Jovis.’

At five o’clock sharp, I entered the gas works of La Villette.

The balloon is lying in the courtyard and appears like a cake made of yellow cloth. It is lying flat on the ground under a rope.

Page 79 :
Two or three hundred people are looking at it. Some are sitting and some are standing. Some are examining the basket. It is a nice little square basket for a human cargo. On its side in golden letters was written ‘Le Horia’ on a mahogany plate.

Suddenly the people begin to stand back as gas is entering into the balloon through a long tube of yellow cloth. The cloth is on the oil. It swells and moves about like a big worm. But another thought occurs to every mind. It is thus nature itself nourishes being until their birth. The creature that will rise soon begins to move. The attendants of Captain Jovis spread and put in place the net which covers it as Le Horia grows larger. The net will help the pressure to be regular and equally distributed at very point.

The crowd has begun to talk. Some men who look to be specialists ask us to come down. Many things have been criticised in this new type of balloon. We are about to experiment with it with so much pleasure and success. The balloon is growing slowly but surely.

Captain Jovis and his assistants are busy with the last details. The travellers go to dine in the canteen on the gas-works according to the established custom.

When we come out the balloon is swaying. It is big and transparent. It looked like a big fruit, a wonderful pear which is still ripening, covered by the last rays of the setting sun. The basket is now attached and the barometers are brought. The siren is also brought. There were also two trumpets, the eatables, the overcoats and raincoats – that the men can take in the flying basket. Captain Jovis is ready and he calls all the passengers.

Page 80 :
Lieutenant Mallet jumps aboard, climbing first on the aerial net between the basket and the balloon. From it he will watch, during the night, the movements of Le Horia across the skies. M.Etierine Beer gets in after him. Then comes M. Paul Bessand. Then comes M. Patrice Eyries. I am the last. (Note: In French M before a name means Mr. M. is the abbreviation for Monsieur which means Mr.) But the basket is too heavy for the balloon and M. Eyries has to get out. He was very sorry to do that.

M. Joliet stood erect on the edge of the basket. He begs the ladies very courteously to stand aside a little. He thinks he might throw sand on their hats in rising. Then he commands: ‘Let is loose’. He cuts with one stroke of his knife the ropes that keep the balloon to the ground. Le Horla gets it liberty!

In one second we fly skyward. Nothing can be heard. We float, we rise, we fly, we glide! Our friends shout with joy. They applaud but we can hardly hear them or see

them. We are already so far, so high! We are surprised. Are we really leaving these people down there? Is it possible? Paris spreads out under us. It looks like a dark bluish patch, cut by its streets. From there rise here and there domes, towers, steeples (church towers). Then there is the plain, traversed by long roads amidst green fields and black forest. The sun which could not be seen from below now appears.

We can see whether we are rising or sinking only by throwing a cigarette paper out of the basket now and then. If the paper falls down like a stone, it means the balloon is rising. If it appears to shoot skyward, the balloon is descending.

Page 81 :
The two barometers mark about 500 metres. We look with admiration the earth we are leaving. We are not attached to it in any way. It looks like a coloured map. But all its noises rise to our ears very distinctly. We hear the sound of wheels rolling on the streets, the snap of a whip, the shouts of drivers, the rolling and whistling of trains and the laughter of the boys running after one another. When we pass over a village, the noise of children’s voices is heard above the rest with much clarity.

The view is superb. It is dark on the earth. But we are still in the light. It is now past ten o’clock. Now we begin to hear slight country noises, especially the double cry of the quail. We can hearthe mewing of cats and the barking of dogs. The dogs have caught the smell of the balloon. They have seen it and they are giving the warning. We can hear them barking all over the plain. The cows also wake up in their barns. We can hear them lowing. All the beasts are scared of the monster moving through the air.

The delicious odours of the soil rise towards us. The smell of hay, of flowers, of the wet, green earth is scenting the air.

At times we rise, and then descend. Every few minutes Lieutenant Mallet says to Captain Jovis: ‘We are descending; throw down half a handful.’ And the captain takes a handful of sand from a bag kept between his legs and throws it overboard.

Page 82 :
Nothing is more amusing, more delicate and more interesting than the manoeuvring of a balloon. It is a big toy, free and Qjcile, but obedient. It is the slave of the wind which we can’t control. Any small thing that we throw overboard will make the balloon go up quickly. It can be a pinch of sand, half a sheet of paper, one or two drops of water or the bones of a chicken we have eaten.

The earth is sleeping. The beasts are awakened by our approach and they announce it everywhere. We now ‘observe’a strong and continuous odor of gas. We must have met with a current of warm air. The balloon expands, losing its invisible blood by the escape-valve.

We are rising. The earth no longer gives back the echo of our trumpets. We have risen almost 2000 feet. There is no light to consult our instruments. We know we are always rising. We can no longer see the earth. A light mist separates us from it. Above our heads twinkle innumerable starts.

A silvery light appears before-us and makes the sky turn pale. Suddenly the moon rises on the edge of a cloud. It seems to be coming from below and we are looking down at it from a great height. Clear and round it comes out of the clouds and slowly rises in the sky.

The earth now does not seem to exist. It is buried in milky vapours that resemble a sea. We are now in space with the moon which looks like another balloon. Our balloon looks like a larger moon, wandering amid the stars. We no longer speak, think nor live; we float along through space in delicious inertia. We have become something indescribable. We are now like birds that don’t even have to flap their wings.

Page 83 :
All memory has disappeared from our minds, all troubles from our thoughts. We have no more regrets, plans or hopes. We wildly enjoy the fantastic journey. We are a wandering travelling world. The planets are our sisters. This world has five men and they have forgotten the earth. The barometers mark twelve hundred metres, then thirteen, fourteen, fifteen hundred. The little rice papers fall about us.

We are now at two thousand metres. Then we go to 2350 and the balloon stops. We blow the siren but no one answers us. Now we go down rapidly, M. Mallet goes on screaming: Throw out more sand!’ The sand and stones we throw come back into our faces as if they are going up, thrown from below. Our descent is rapid.

Here is the earth! Where are we? It is now past midnight and we are crossing a broad, dry well-cultivated country. To the right is a large city. Suddenly from the earth rises a bright fairy light. It disappears and reappears. But one has no time to see clearly as the balloon passes quickly in the wind.

We are now quite near the earth. Beer exclaims: “See, what is that running over there in the fields? Isn’t it a dog? Something was running along the ground with great speed but we could not understand what it was. The captain says it is the shadow of our balloon and it will grow as we descend.

I hear a great noise of foundries in the distance. According to the polar star, we are heading straight for Belgium.

Page 84:
Our siren and our two horns are continually calling. We ask, “Where are we?” But the balloon is going so rapidly that the startled man has not even time to answer us. The growing shadow of Le Horla is fleeing before us over the field, roads and woods. It goes along steadily, going before us by about a quarter of a mile. I am leaning out of the basket, listening the roaring of the wind in the trees and across the harvest fields. I say to Captain Jovis that the wind is fast.

Jovis says they may be waterfalls. I insist it is the wind. Then Jovis nudges me. He does not want to frighten his happy, quiet passengers because he knows that a storm is pursuing us. Suddenly the lights of a town appear. There is such a wonderful flow of light that I feel I am in a fairyland. The clouds are gathering behind us, hiding the moon. But towards the east the sky is becoming clear blue, tinged with red. It is dawn. It grows rapidly and shows us all the little details of the earth – the trains, the brooks, the cows, the goats. All these pass beneath us with surprising speed. Cocks are crowing, but the voice of ducks drowns everything.

The early rising peasants are waving their arms telling us to drop. But we go along steadily watching the world fleeing under our feet. Ahead of us lies a bright highway. It looks like a big river full of islands.

Page 85 :
The captain asks us to get ready for the descent. He makes M. Mallet leave his net and return to the basket. We then pack the barometers and everything that could be damaged by possible shock. M. Bessand asks us to look at the masts to the left. He says we are at the sea. Fogs have hidden it from us until then. The sea is everywhere.

It is necessary to descend within a minute or two. The rope to the escape-valve was religiously enclosed in a little white bag. It was kept in sight of all so that no one would touch it. It is now unrolled and M. Mallet holds it in his hand. Captain Jovis looks for a favourable landing. Behind us the thunder is rumbling and not a single bird follows our mad flight.

We are passing over a canal. The basket trembles and tips over slightly. The guy-rope (the rope that keeps something fixed to the ground) touches the tall trees on both banks. We pass with frightful speed over a large farm. The bewildered chickens, pigeons and ducks fly away. The terrified cows, cats and dogs run towards the house. Only one-half bag of sand (stones) is left. Jovis throws it overboard. Le Horla flies lightly across the roof. The captain shouts The escape valve!’

M. Mallet reaches for the rope and hangs to it and we drop like an arrow. With the slash of a knife the cord which retains the anchqjais cut, and we drag this behind us through a field of beets. Here are the trees. He shouts: “Take care! Hold fast! Look out for your heads!” We pass over the trees. Then a strong shock shakes us. The anchor has taken hold. We are told that we are going to touch the ground. The basket touches the earth. Then it flies up again. Once more, it falls and bounds upward again and at last, it settles on the ground, while the balloon struggles madly like a wounded beast.

Page 86 : Peasants run toward us. They don’t dare to come near. One can’t set foot on the ground until the bag is nearly completely deflated. Some surprised men jump with the wild gestures of savages. All the cows that are grazing along the coast come towards us. They surround our balloon with a strange comical circle of horns, big eyes, and blowing nostrils.

With the help of the Belgian peasants, we pack up all our materials and carry them to t(ie station at Heyst. At 8.20, we take the train to Paris. The descent occurred at 3.15 in the morning.

Thanks to Captain Jovis, we were able to see in a single night, from far up in the sky, the setting of the sun, he rising of the moon and dawn of day, and to go from Paris to the mouth of the Scheldt (a river that flows through Belgium and empties into the North Sea).

The Trip Of Le Horla Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 1 Glimpses of Greatness Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook Glimpses of Greatness Questions and Answers Unit 1

Let’s begin

Hsslive Plus One English Textbook Answers Question 1.
“Some are born great; some achieve greatness; some have greatness thrust upon them. ”-William Shakespeare (Twelfth Night).
Is greatness an innate trait? Is it acquired by the successful or thrust upon them? Discuss.
Answer:
I don’t think greatness is an innate trait. It is acquired by successful people. Look at the examples of Abraham Lincoln, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Mother Theresa and Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. They all acquired their success by hard work, perseverance, courage and determination. Success is not thrust upon them. They worked for it and they got it.

Plus One English Unit 1 Question 2.
What qualities make people great? Discuss with your friends and write them in the boxes below:

English Plus 1 Unit 1 Question 3.
We strive to reach heights, achieve greatness and be successful ¡n life. But at times, it seems difficult. Now, look at the picture below:

What thoughts and feelings does it evoke in you?
Answer:
The boy has stage-fright and he is not confident to perform before the judges and the audience. He is trying to get away but he is being forced by his teacher to say something or sing.

Glimpses Of Greatness Questions And Answers Question 4.
Give a suitable caption to the picture.
Answer:
“The Reluctant Performer”.

Plus One English Textbook Answers Pdf Question 5.
Have you had any similar experience? If so, share it with your friends.
Answer:
Yes, J had. I was in the 10th Standard and I was asked to make a Welcome Speech on the School Day. I was not keen on doing it. But my Principal insisted that I should do it. I prepared a speech and studied it by heart. When I got on the stage on the School Day, I started shivering and shaking and my mind went blank. I could not say a word. The Principal had to prompt me to speak some words. I somehow stammered something and fled from the stage. It was the worst day of my life as my classmates teased me about my ‘Speech’.

Think And Respond

Hss Guru Plus One English Notes Question 1.
What made little Abe stand on the dry goods box and deliver the speech?
Answer:
Little Abe stood on the dry goods box and delivered the speech because he was replying to a stump speaker, who made the speech standing on the stump of a tree.

Plus One English Textbook Questions And Answers Question 2.
Do you think good dress, appearance, position in society, etc., are needed to present yourself before the public for a speech?
Answer:
I think in normal circumstances good dress, appearance, position in society, etc., are needed to present ourselves before the public for a speech. But in the case of some famous people like Abraham Lincoln and Mahatma Gandhi, good dress, appearance, etc., did not seem to matter. But these are exceptions and not the rule.

Hsslive Plus One English Notes Question 3.
What is the role of Dennis in bringing out the best in young Abe?
Answer:
Dennis was like a catalyst in bringing out the best in young Abe. Dennis recognised the capabilities of Abe and encouraged him to show them to the public. Dennis was a good friend of Abe and he wanted Abe to shine.

Plus One English Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Pdf Hsslive Question 4.
Do you think that everybody has some potential in them? Some people take the initiative, while others do not dare to showcase their talents. What do you think are the reasons for this? Write down your views.
Answer:
I think that everybody has some potential in them. Some people do not dare to showcase their talents because of many reasons:

• Lack of opportunity
• Lack of confidence
• Lack of encouragement
• Fear of failure

I. Read and Reflect

Scert Plus One English Textbook Solutions Question 1.
We are going to read the story of a young seagull. He was afraid to make his first flight. His parents helped him into action and thus made him ready to face the challenges of life.

Glimpses Of Greatness About This Unit

“Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.” Sir Winston Churchill.

Success is surely the fruit of perseverance. The great achievement of others can inspire us. Similarly, we can be an inspiration to many others. This Unit highlights the personality traits of some great people. It emphasises the qualities that are to be developed to become successful in life.

This Unit has the following:
a) An anecdote from the life of Abraham Lincoln – ‘Abe’s First Speech’.
b) A Story by Liam O’Flaherty – ‘His First Flight’.
c) A Speech by Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam – 7 will Fly’.
d) A Short Biographical Sketch of Stephen Hawking – ‘Quest for a Theory of Everything’.
e) A Poem by Rudyard Kipling – ‘If’.

The Unit aims at equipping the students to face the challenges of life with courage, confidence and perseverance and to become unique in their own ways, upholding the values of life. The Unit also aims at building confidence in the students to use English effectively in different situations of their lives.

Glimpses Of Greatness About This Author

Abraham Lincoln (Abe) is one of the greatest American statesmen. He is known for his famous speeches. Here is the story of his first speech as a small boy.

Abe’S First Speech

Abe made his first speech when he was a boy. He was without shoes. One suspender held up his trousers. He wore a cheap straw hat. Through a hole in it, some of his hair stuck out.

Abe attended a political meeting with his friend Dennis Hanks. Dennis was Abe’s companion in splitting logs to make rail fences. The meeting was addressed by one stump speaker. Stump speakers were those trained political speakers who addressed the audience standing upon tree stumps. The speaker was shouting at the top of his voice and he was making wild signs with his hands.

At the end of the speech, Abe and Dennis did not agree with the views of the speaker. Dennis thought Abe could make a better speech than what the speaker had made. He got a dry goods box and asked Abe to reply to the earlier speaker.

Abe threw his straw hat to the ground. He got on to the dry goods box and delivered a speech. The crowd listened to the speech attentively and applauded him. Even the first speaker admitted that Abe’s was a fine speech and it answered every point in the speech made by him.

Dennis Hanks was very happy. He thought that Abe was the greatest man that ever lived. He went on saying how Abe was a better speaker than the trained campaign speaker.

(From ‘Abe Lincoln’s Anecdotes and Stories’ by R.D. Wordsworth)

Glimpses Of Greatness Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 2 Chapter 2 The Price of Flowers Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook The Price of Flowers Questions and Answers Unit 2 Chapter 2 (Short Story)

The Price of Flowers Textual Questions and Answers

Plus One English Unit 2 Questions And Answers Question 1.
Why was the narrator’s attention drawn to the English girl?
Answer:
The narrator’s attention was drawn to the English girl because she had been watching him with interested surprise. But she turned her eyes away as soon as he looked at her. She was 13 or 14 years old. From her clothes one could guess she was a poor girl. She had large eyes which had a sad expression.

Plus One English Textbook Activity Answers Unit 2 Question 2.
What is your impression of the girl?
Answer:
She is a teenager from a poor family. She had large eyes with a sorrowful expression. When she saw the narrator, some ideas came to her mind and that is why she watches him so closely. Then she tries to find out if he is an Indian and if he comes to that particular restaurant all the time. Something about Indians has got into her mind and she is trying to clarify her doubts. She is a polite girl who thanks people even when some small service is given to her.

Plus One English Chapter 2 Question Answer Question 3.
How do you know that the girl was interested in knowing the identity of the narrator?
Answer:
I know that the girl was interested in knowing the identity of the narrator from the fact that she watched him with interested surprise. Later she asks the cashier whether the narrator was an Indian and whether he comes to the restaurant every day.

Hss Guru Plus One English Notes Question 4.
What do you understand about the probable financial condition of the girl?
Answer:
The girl is from a poor family and that we can guess from the dress she is wearing. She has large eyes which have a sad expression. The waitress says that she comes to the restaurant only on Saturdays for her lunch because Saturday is the pay day. On the other days she does not take lunch because she has no money. She is working in a nearby shop, maybe for a very small pay. As she is a teenager nobody would hire her for a big salary.

Plus One English The Price Of Flowers Question Answer Question 5.
Why was the narrator curious about the girl? What did he do to meet her?
Answer:
The narrator was curious about the girl because he found she was curious about him. She asked the cashier if he was an Indian and if he came to the restaurant every day. From the waitress he had come to know that the girl works in a nearby shop. So to meet her he looked into the shops on the streets near St. Martin’s Lane and the shops on the Strand. But he could not trace her. Then he met her in the restaurant again on the next Saturday during lunch time.

Hsslive Guru Plus One English Notes Question 6.
Why did the narrator go to the restaurant again ?
Answer:
The narrator went to the restaurant again in the hope of meeting the young English girl. He was told by the waitress that the girl came to the restaurant on Saturdays for lunch.

Plus One English Chapter The Price Of Flowers Question 7.
What impression did the girl have about India?
Answer:
The girl thought that India was a dangerous country full of tigers, snake and fevers. This is the impression she got from people.

Plus One English Price Of Flowers Question 8.
Was Maggie satisfied with her job? If not why?
Answer:
Maggie was not satisfied with her job. It was a mechanical job. She wanted to have job to make use of her head, her brain. She would like to be a secretary.

Hsslive Plus Two English Character Sketch Question 9.
What do you understand by brain work’?
Answer:
By ‘brain work’ I understand those types of work which need some thinking. We in India often call ‘brain work’ as white collar jobs.

Plus One English Unit 2 Chapter 1 Question 10.
Why did Maggie ask the narrator whether he was a vegetarian?
Answer:
Maggie asked the jjarrator whether the narrator was a vegetarian to fifid out if he was a yogi. She had heard that yogis do not eat meat and they have occult (magical) powers.

Hss Live Guru Plus One English Notes Question 11.
Why did Mr Gupta go to Maggie’s house?
Answer:
Mr Gupta went to Maggie’s house because she invited him. She wanted to introduce him to her mother, who wanted to meet an Indian to find out the truth about the stories she had heard about India. Moreover, Mr. Gupta had developed some liking and sympathy towards Maggie and was willing to help her in any way possible.

The Price Of Flowers Activities Answers Question 12.
What do you understand about the living conditions of Maggie and her mother?
Answer:
The living conditions of Maggie and her mother were very poor. They lived in a small house in the Lambeth area where poor peopled lived. Here the streets are above the ground. Kitchens are often below street level. They had very cheap furniture and that too was very little. The carpet was very old and torn in many places. Maggie’s mother baked cakes and sold them for a living.

Class 11 English Unit 2 Notes Question 13.
Why is Saturday special to Maggie and her mother?
Answer:
Saturday is special to Maggie and her mother for two reasons. It is Maggie’s pay day, on which she can enjoy a meal in a restaurant. Saturday night is a time of festivity in poor neighbourhoods like Lambeth. It is a day when the poor are able to spend a little as they receive their wages. Maggie’s mother bakes cakes and sells them on Saturdays and that is how they make a living. So Saturday is special to both of them.

The Price Of Flowers Maggie Character Sketch Question 14.
How did Mr. Gupta describe India to Mrs. Clifford?
Answer:
Mr. Gupta said that India was a beautiful country. It is not cold like England, but is somewhat hot. Of course there are tigers and snakes in India but they live in the jungles. If they came into the places where people live they get killed. There are fevers in some places in India. But they differ with the places and seasons.

Plus One English Price Of Flowers Question And Answer Question 15.
Who is Francis? What do you know about him?
Answer:
Francis or Frank is the brother of Maggie and son of Mrs. Clifford. They both love him dearly. He is in the Punjab, in the regiment fighting on the Northwest Frontier. He loves his mother and sister. He has sent her sister a book of pictures of Simla and the surrounding mountain country. He is superstitious. He also sent her a crystal ring saying that it was given to him by a yogi. The yogi had told him it was a magical ring. If somebody looked into the crystal, thinking of a person who is far away, he can see the person and what he is doing. Maggie and Mrs. Clifford often looked into the crystal ring but they never saw Francis. Finally we come to know that Francis was killed in war and was buried at Fort Monroe, near Dera- Ghazi-Khan. Maggie wants the narratorto place some flowers on her brother’s grave when he goes to India and she pays him a shilling for that. It is from this sacrificial act of hers that the story gets its title.

Question 16.
What is your opinion about superstitions? Do you believe in any?
Answer:
Superstitions are bad. But they are rampant in the society. Superstitions are often connected with religious beliefs and some unscrupulous people exploit the believers by feeding them with superstitions. Some people believe that if a black cat crosses your way, the work for which you are going will not be done. It is stupid to believe in superstitions. I don’t believe in any. I believe in God but not in the superstitions traded in his name.

Question 17.
Describe the incident that touched the narrator deeply.
Answer:
Maggie had a violin and she learned to play some songs with her own efforts. She could not go to any teacher to learn violin because of the lack of money. Her mother knows that Maggie has talent for playing violin. She tells the narrator that if ever their circumstances improved she would send Maggie to have violin lessons. This incident deeply touched the narrator’s heart.

Question 18.
Why was Maggie unable to go to work?
Answer:
Maggie was unable to go to work because her mother was seriously sick. Since there was nobody in the house to look after her sick mother, she could not go for work.

Question 19.
Why did Mr. Gupta take some money with him when he went to see Mrs. Clifford?
Answer:
Mr Gupta took some money with him when he went to see Mrs. Clifford because his hostess told him that since Maggie had not gone for work for a week and had not received any pay, it was possible they were in financial trouble. In the letter Maggie wrote to him she had mentioned that her mother was very ill and she was not able to go to work for a week. She had not asked for any financial help but the hostess to whom the gprrator spoke about the letter thought that Maggie1 and her mother might need financial assistance.

Question 20.
Why did Mr. Gupta and Maggie tiptoe into the sitting room?
Answer:
Mr Gupta and Maggie tiptoed into the sitting room because Maggie wanted to talk to him in private. They did not want to disturb the sick woman with their talk.

Question 21.
What request did Maggie make to Mr. Gupta?
Answer:
Maggie wanted Mr. Gupta to gaze into the crystal and tell her mother that Franks was alive and well even if he did not see anything in the crystal. Her mother was seriously sick and her sickness is aggravated by her worries about Frank from whom she hasn’t heard for long. If Mr.’ Gupta tells her that Frank is alive and well, it will help her to recover.

Question 22.
Why was the crystal ring so special to Mrs. Clifford?
Answer:
The crystal ring was so special to Mrs. Clifford becaqse it was sent by her son Frank from India. Frank had written that the crystal ring was given to him by a yogi. The yogi had told him that the crystal ring was a magical one. If somebody looked into the crystal thinking of a person who was even far away, he could see the person and what he was doing. Mrs Clifford believed her son’s words.

Question 23.
What made Mrs. Clifford recover?
Answer:
Mrs. Clifford’s illness was aggravated because of her worries about her son Frank from whom she had not heard for long. She did not know if he was alive and well. Maggie requested Mr. Gupta to look into the crystal ring and tell her mother that Frank was alive and well even if he saw nothing in the crystal ring. Gupta did accordingly and this made Mrs. Clifford recover from her illness.

Question 24.
Why was Mr Gupta ashamed to face Mrs. Clifford?
Answer:
Mr. Gupta was ashamed to face Mrs. Clifford because Frank had been dead some days when he told her that he was alive and well. Since he had told her a lie, he was ashamed to face her.

Question 25.
What was the promise given to Maggie?
Answer:
The promise given to Maggie was that the narrator (Mr. Gupta) would visit the grave of her brother at Mort Monroe, near Dera-Ghazi-Khan when he goes to India.

Question 26.
Why did Maggie give a shilling to Mr.Gupta?
Answer:
Maggie gave a shilling to Mr. Gupta to buy flowers and place them on her brother’s grave at Mort Monroe, near Dera-Ghazi-Khan when he goes to India.

Question 27.
Explain the reason why Mr. Gupta accepted the shilling?
Answer:
Initially Mr. Gupta wanted to give back the Shilling to Maggie telling her that there were plenty of flowers in India and he could get some flowers free to place them on her brother’s grave. But this would deprive the girl of the joy of sacrifice she was making for her dead brother. So Mr. Gupta accepted the shilling. The grief in her heart would lessen with the sacrifice she was making. To earn a shilling she had to do a lot of work.

Activity -1 (Read and respond)

Question 1.
’It is neither the same everywhere nor the same all the year round in India. ’ Why?
Answer:
India is a vast country with different climate zones and it is not the same everywhere nor is it the same all the year-round.

Question 2.
Why did the narrator decide to take the shilling given by Maggie?
Answer:
The narrator decided to take the shilling from Maggie just to make her happy. She has sacrificed a lot to give him the shilling to buy flowers for her brother’s grave. She will feel consoled when she has done something nice for her brother.

Question 3
What is the role of faith in the story?
Answer:
Faith plays an important role in the story. Mrs Clifford believes that Indians can see things in a crystal. When the narrator tells her that he can see her son alive and well in the crystal she recovers from her illness.

Activity – II (Discussion)

Question 4.
Discuss the significance of the title ‘The Price of Flowers’.
Answer:
The story has aptly titled the price of flowers. A young girl impoverished and miserable sacrifices a shilling for flowers to place on her brother’s grave. The narrator does not want to destroy the kind gesture that the girl makes for he knows it brings her a lot of consolation.

Activity – III (Character Sketch)

Question 5.
Pick out the words used by the author to describe the character of Maggie.
Full name Alice Margaret Clifford, a young English girl, 13 or 14 years old, poor clothes, hair bung in a heavy stream down her back. Large eyes with a sad expression, works in nearby shop, comes onl^on Saturday for lunch, believes India is full ofligers, snakes and fevers; her knowledge about yogis, her believes in the stories of magic, lives in a small house, loves her mother and brother dearly, her sacrifice. Establish the above points with the help of related evidence from the text and sketch the character of Maggie.
Answer:
Maggie’s full name is Full name Alice Margaret Clifford. She is a young English girl. She is 13 or 14 years of age. When we see her first she is wearing poor clothes showing she is very poor. Her hair hung in a heavy stream down her back. She had large eyes with a sad expression. She works in a shop close the restaurant where she met the writer. She goes to the restaurant only on Saturdays because Saturday is pay day. Maggie is a hardworking girl. She lives with her old mother in a small house. Her only brother Francis is in the army and he is in India. She loves her brother very much and he too loves her.

She loves her mother. She nurses her when she is sick. She is superstitious. That is why she believes in the story told by her brother that by looking into the crystal ring one could see people who are far and what they are doing, if one thinks of them and looks into the ring carefully. She is very disciplined. She has polite manners and this is clearly shown in her behaviour.

Maggie is ambitious and she is not happy with her work in the shop. She says it is a mechanical job. She wants to do a job where her brain can be used. When she gets a better job she will rent o a better house and take her motherthere. It shows much she cares for her mother. When her mother is in a critical condition she even asks Mr. Gupta to tell her mother a lie about her brother so that the mother feels better by hearing that her son is alive and well in India. Maggie is a very fine girl.

She wants Mr. Gupta to go to the grave of her brother who is buried in India and gives one shilling to him. A shilling is a lot of money for a poor girl like her. To get that, she has to work hard for many days. Her action shows how much she loved her brother. Her sacrifice brings tears to the eyes of Mr. Gupta and we too are moved to tears when we see such selfless love of a teenage girl for her dead brother. I can easily say that Maggie is a model for girls of her age.

Activity – IV (Web diagram)

Question 6.
See the diagram on below:

There are two empty place in it. The words that can go in can be: LORE and PARABLE.

Question Now match the following:
Answer:
1. Story – c – an imaginative story, especially one that is full of action and adventure.
2. Anecdote – g – an interesting or amusing story about a real person or event.
3. Tale – b – a story from ancient times ….
4. Folk tale – a – a very old traditional story from a particular place
5. Fable – f – a traditional short story that teaches a moral lesson ….
6. Fairy tale – e – a story about magic or fairy tales ….
7. Fiction – h – a type of literature ….
8. Myth – d – a description of events and people ….

Question 7.
Which category does the story ‘The Price of Flowers’ belong to? Discuss.
Answer:
The story The Price of Flowers’ belongs to the category of ‘Anecdote’. It is an interesting story about a real event.

Activity – V (Write-up)

Question 8.
‘I won’t work that will make me use my head, brain work.’
How far can you relate this statement to your life? What kind of profession do you like? Why? Prepare a write-up.
Answer:
I also want work that will make me use my head. I want to do work that needs my brain, my thinking powers.

I like to be a teacher as teaching is supposed to be the noblest profession. A teacher always makes impressions on the minds of hundreds of students. He/ She has to be intelligent and understanding so as to help the students learn. As students have different abilities the teacher uses a variety of skills to constantly invent and make the classroom an interesting place so as to encourage learning. Teachers are role models and many of them make a lasting impression on the lives of students.

Teachers have to be smart as well as intuitive so as to understand the needs of their students. Teachers mould the minds of the students. Therefore nation-building is ultimately in the hands of the teachers. Dr. Abdul Kalam said that no nation can rise above its teachers. The quality of a nation depends on the quality of its teachers. So I want to be a teacher and use my brain to develop the brains of my students.

Activity – VI (Letter)

Question 9.
“When I go to that part of the country, I shall visit your brother’s grave and write to you. ’ A few weeks after the narrator’s departure, Maggie receives a letter from him. What might be the content of the letter? Draft the letter, assuming that you are the narrator?
Answer:
Fort Monroe
Dera-Ghazi-Khan
Noth-west Frontier
India, PIN 600-002
2 January 1946

Dear Maggie,
I’m sorry that I could not write to you earlier because I was busy with the £Anl Service training and the formalities connected with it. I hope you and your mother are fine. I am okay here. I am trying to cope with my new responsibilities.

I went to Fort Monroe, near Dera-Ghazi-Khan to visit your brother’s grave. As desired by you, I placed some beautiful rose flowers on his grave. When I was standing there I thought of you and your mother and imagined how you must have felt when you heard about Franks’ untimely death. I met two soldiers from the Regiment to which Frank belonged and they told me what a fine lad Frank was. They also told me that he often talked to them about you and your mother. In fact he had bought some Indian clothes to give both of you when he returned home.

But destiny sometimes plays cruel jokes. I feel extremely sorry that you lost such a fine brother and your mother such a marvelous son. I pray for his soul. May his soul rest in peace!

Please greet your mother on my behalf. The cake she gave me was delicious.

I keep remembering you and I speak about you to my friends. When I visit England next time, I will definitely come and see you people.

With lots of love,
Yours lovingly, (Gupta Narain)

Activity – VII (Role Play)

Question 10.
Maggie reads the letter. She cannot sleep for many days. Imagine that one day Mr. Gupta receives a call from her. What would she say? Discuss with your friend, and prepare a likely conversation between them. Enact the scene by taking up different roles.
Answer:
Maggie: Hello! Is that Mr. Gupta there? This is Maggie from England.
Mr. Gupta: Hello Maggie! How nice to hear from you!
Maggie: I got your letter, Mr. Gupta. Thank you very much for taking the trouble of placing flowers on my brother’s grave. My mother also wants to thank you. She said it was so good of you to do such a thing.
Mr. Gupta: It was nothing. I realized how much you loved Frank. Sorry, Maggie that you lost such a fine brother.
Maggie: What can we do? Fate has been very cruel to us. My father dies and now my brother, leaving my poor mother and me to fend for ourselves.
Mr. Gupta: Maggie, don’t grieve. Life is like that. Remember, there are more miserable people than you in this world.
Maggie: I understand that. That is how I console myself. Mother has become better and I am now regularly going to work.
Mr. Gupta: Good to hear that. Be cheerful and optimistic. By the way, do you play the violin often?
Maggie: Yes, I do. I am practicing a new number. When you come next time, I will play it for you.
Mr. Gupta: Very happy to hear that. Say Hi to your mother. And take care!
Maggie: You too Mr. Gupta. Bye for now!

Activity – VIII (Review)

Question 11.
Read the story again and discuss the following with your friends: the theme, style of narration, language, the impact of words and expression, location, characterization, dialogue, the opening and the ending of the story.
Now, attempt a critical review of the story.
Answer:
The Price of Flowers’ is an excellent story by Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay. The main theme of the story is the love of a girl for her dead brother. There are also other themes like the hardships of the poor people, the dangers of war, unfulfilled desires and dreams of ordinary people and superstitions.

The style of narration has been very simple. The story is moved forward through the dialogues among the three main characters of the story – Maggie, her mother and Mr. Gupta. The language used is lucid and easy to understand. The words and expressions used make a fine impact on our minds. The story takes place in London but in the end we see the narrator placing some flowers at the grave of Frank, the brother of Maggie, at Fort Monroe. Characterization has been superb.

The character of Maggie is drawn in an exemplary manner, The poor girl of 13 or 14 with her large, sad eyes, her hair streaming .down her neck, wearing shabby clothes, living in an uncomfortable house with her old mother and working in a shop for small wages is portrayed exquisitely. She is so poor that she eats her lunch only on Saturday, the payday.

Her inquisitive nature, her ideas about India, her superstition, her love for her brother and mother, etc. are powerfully pictured. The dialogues are short and sweet. There are no lengthy and boring dialogues. The story is moved forward through apt dialogues. There s fine imagery in the story. No person with a compassionate heart can end reading the story without shedding a tear. Mukhopadhyay through his ‘Price of Flowers’ has proved that he is a fine storyteller.

Activity – IX : (Reporting)

Question 12.
Read the material given on
The following sentences are from the story ‘The Price of Flowers’. Read them.

She asked, ‘Are you an Indian?’
‘Yes.’
‘Excuse me, are you a vegetarian?’
‘Why do you ask that? ‘
‘I have heard that most Indians are vegetarians.’
‘How is it that you know anything about India?’
‘My elder brother is in India. He is a soldier.’

The very next day the narrator told his friend about the girl and their conversation.
Read and find out how he presented it.

The girl asked me whether I was an Indian.
I answered in the affirmative.
Then she asked me politely if I was a vegetarian.
I enquired why she asked that.
She said (that) she had heard that most Indians were vegetarians.
I further asked her how it was that she knew anything about India.
She replied that her elder brother was in India and added that he was a soldier.

see the difference between direct speech and reported speech. Study the notes given there. Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech: “Shall I call you work of a secretary.”
Answer:
The narrator asked the girl if he should call her Miss Clifford or Alice. She replied saying that she was not grown up and he might call her what he liked. She laughingly added that she was usually called Maggie. The narrator then wanted to know if she was anx¬ious to grow up. Her answer was yes. He then wanted to know why she wanted to grow up. He said that when she would be grown she would be paid more for her work and her mother was old. The narrator wanted to know if the work she was doing was to her liking. She said she did not like the work as it was very mechanical. She wanted some work that needed the use of her brain. She wanted to be a secretary.

Read and Enjoy
Question 1.
Deeds speak louder than words. Good deeds will be remembered forever. The following poem tells us about the glory of deeds.

The Price of Flowers (Short Story) About the Author:

– Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay

Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay (1873-1932) was one of the best short-story writers in Bengali literature. He was also a novelist. His short stories are mainly based on real-life situations and his characters belong to middle-class families. Their hopes and aspirations, their joys and sorrows are nicely woven into his tales.

The Price of Flowers (Short Story) Summary

It was nearly 1 o’clock and I was feeling very hungry.

I went to a nearby vegetarian restaurant, in St. Martin’s Lane. Lunch hours in London were not so crowded those days. I found 3 or 4 people sitting in the room. I sat at a table, and opened the newspaper.

A waitress came and waited for my order. I looked up from the paper, glanced at the menu and told her what I wanted. She said, Thank you’ and went quickly away without making any noise.

At that time my attention turned to a table not far from mine. A young English girl was sitting there. She had been watching me with interested surprise. But when I looked at her, she turned her eyes away. The girl was 13 or 14. From her clothes, I could see that she was poor. Her hair hung in a heavy stream down her neck. She had large eyes. They had a sad expression. I watched her when she was not looking and so she did not notice my watching her. My lunch was brought as she was finishing hers. The waitress brought the bill. Bills are paid at the desk as one goes out. The desk is near the door.

The girl stood up. I again watched her. As she paid the bill, she asked the cashier in a low voice whether I was an Indian. The cashier said she thought so. Then the girl wanted to know if I went there all the time. The cashier said she did not remember me going there before. The girl thanked the cashier, looked at me once more with some kind of surprise and went out.

I was also surprised. Here interest in me aroused my interest in her. When I finished my lunch I asked the waitress if she knew the girl who just finished her lunch and went away. The waitress said she did not know her. But she came to take her lunch there on Saturdays. I wanted to know if she did not come on other days. The waitress said she had never seen her on other days. I wanted to know who she was. The waitress said that she might be a worker in a nearby shop. I wanted to know how she knew that. The waitress then said that Saturday is payday. It is then the girl comes. On other days she couldn’t afford lunch. She does not earn much.

I felt sorry for the poor girl.

My curiosity about the girl persisted. Who was she? Why had she asked about me? Was some mystery the cause of her interest? I continued thinking of her. On Sundays, all London shops are closed. So I would go out to look for her after breakfast on Monday morning.

S I looked into the shops on the streets near St. Martin’s Lane and the shops on the Strand. But I did not see her.

The week passed. Saturday came again. I went to the vegetarian restaurant once more. As I entered I saw her sitting at the same table as before. She was eating.

I took a chair opposite hers and said ‘Good afternoon!’ She greeted me back. Slowly I started a conversation. Finally, she asked me if I was an Indian. I said ‘Yes’. Then she wanted to know if I was a vegetarian. I asked her why she wanted to know that. She said she had heard that most Indians are vegetarians. I wanted to know how she knew things about India. She said her elder brother, a soldier, was in India. I told her that I was not a vegetarian but I enjoyed a vegetarian meal now and then. The girl seemed disappointed by my reply.

I came to know that her only guardian was her elder brother. She lived with her old widowed mother. I asked her if she often heard from her brother. She said they did not have a letter from her brother for a long time. Her mother was worried. People have told her that India was full of tigers, snakes, and fevers. She thinks something has happened to him. The girl wanted to know from me if India was full of tigers, snakes, and fevers.

I told her ‘No’. How^ould people live there if it were full of these things? the girl was happy. She said her mother wanted to ask an Indian to know the truth. From her look, I knew she wanted me to talk with her mother. But she did not have the courage to ask me to go with her to her home. I wanted to see this mother. I had no opportunity to visit a poor English home. I wanted to know how the poor lived there and what they thought.

I told her of my plan to visit her home someday. She was thankful to me. She asked me if I could go with her right there and then. I readily agreed. She wanted to know if such a visit would interfere with my work. I told her I was free, The girl was happy. We finished our lunch and got up together.

On our way to her home I asked her name. She gave her full name: Alice Margaret Clifford. She asked me if it would be difficult for me to walk. I said ‘No’. She said she walked home every day. I wanted to know if she came that way often. She said she did as she works as typist in the Civil Service stores. Every afternoon she goes home that way. Today being Saturday she is going home early.

I asked her if I should call her Miss Clifford or Alice. She said she was not grown up and so I could call her whatever I liked. She laughingly said she was usually called Maggie. I asked her if she was eager to grow up. She said ‘Yes’. I wanted to know why she wanted to grow up fast. She said if she was grown up she would be paid more and her mother was getting old. I wanted to know if she liked her work. She said ‘No’. It is mechanical work. She wanted to have some work that needed her brain. She wanted to be a secretary.

We arrived at Lambeth, an area where poor people lived. She told me that if she became a secretary she would take her mother away from that place. I asked her if her father called her Maggie or Mugsy. She said that when he was very affectionate he called her Magsy. She wanted to know how I knew that. I jokingly told her that Indians know about the future and all kinds of magic. She said she had heard such things said about Indians.

I wanted to know what she had heard. She said she has heard that many Indians have occult (magic) powers and they are called yogis. She thought I was not a yogi.

I asked her the reason for thinking like that. She said yogis don’t eat meat. Then I asked her whether that was the reason for her asking me if I was a vegetarian or not. She did not answer but just smiled.

We reached a narrow doorway. Maggie opened the door with a small key. She invited me in. When I entered, she closed the door. Then she called her mother asking her where she was. The mother said she was in the kitchen below. She asked her to go down into the kitchen. London streets are above ground. Kitchens are often below street level. Maggie asked me if I could go with her. I agreed, and together we went down to the kitchen. She told her mother that an Indian gentleman was there to see her. Maggie introduced me to her mother telling her, “This is Mr. Gupta, mother” and her mother to me.

I said ‘How do you do?’ and held out my hand. The mother said, “Excuse me” and held out her hands for me to see. They were covered with flour. She said that it being Saturday she was making cakes. People would come in the evening to buy them and sell them on the streets. That was the way they made their living. It was a hard life.

Saturday night is the celebration time in the areas where poor people lived. All kinds of things are sold from pushcarts. The streets are more crowded then than on any other day. It is on Saturday the workers receive their pay and so they can spend a little.

All the ingredients for making the cake – flour, sugar, fat, raisins, eggs – were ready on the kitchen table. There were several freshly baked cakes in tins. Mrs. Clifford told me that sitting in such a poor kitchen won’t be pleasant for me. She has almost finished her work. She asked Maggie to take me to the sitting room. She would come soon. I said it was okay with me sitting there. I congratulated her for making such excellent cakes. Mrs. Clifford thanked me.

She asked me what kind of a country India was. I told her it was a beautiful country. She wanted to know if was safe to live there. I said it was. India was not cold like England, but hot. She asked me if India had too many snakes and tigers that killed people. I told her not to believe such things. Snakes and tigers are in the jungles. They get killed if they come to places where people live. Then she wanted to know about fevers. I told her that in some places in India there were more fevers than in other places. It is not the same everywhere and in every season.

She said her son was in Punjab. He is a soldier. She wanted to know what kind of place Punjab was. I told her Punjab was a fine place. There is no fever there. It is a healthy place. Mrs. Clifford was happy. When she finished her baking, she asked Maggie to take me upstairs. She would join me after washing her hands. She also would bring some tea.

Maggie showed me to their sitting room. The furniture was cheap and it was not much. The carpet was torn in places. But everything was clean. Maggie drew the curtains back and opened the windows. There was a glass bookcase and I stood in front of it.

Mrs. Clifford came bringing the tea tray. All traces of the kitchen had gone from her person. As we drank tea, we spoke about India. Mrs. Clifford showed me a photograph of her son. It was taken before he left. His name was Francis or Frank. Maggie brought out a book of pictures that he had sent her on her birthday. There were many pictures of Simla and the mountainous places around it. Mrs. Clifford asked Maggie to show me the ring. I wanted her to shgIN me the ring to find out what kind of a ring it was. itfaggie said it was a magic ring which a yogi had given to Frank. She wanted to know if I could see the past and the future in it. I had heard about crystal gazing. A crystal was set on the ring. I examined it.

Mrs. Clifford said that when he sent the ring Frank wrote that if you concentrated on a distant person when you look into the crystal, you could see him and what he was doing. This is what the yogi had told Frank. Maggie and she had been looking at it, again and again, but they have not been able to see anything. She wanted me to try. Since I was a Hindu I could see something, she thought!

I realized that superstition was not limited to India. I did not want to tell them that the ring was nothing much, a piece of brass with an ordinary piece of glass stuck into it. They believed that Frank had sent them a magical thing from dream India. I did not want to shatter their faith. Urged by them I took the ring and looked into it for a long time. I told them I could not see anything. They were disappointed. There was a violin there. To change the subject I asked her if it was Maggie’s. Mrs. Clifford said it was Maggie’s and Maggie played it well. She asked her daughter to play something for me. Maggie was shy and she protested. Then I pleaded with Maggie saying that I liked the violin very much. I told her that my sister who has of her age used to play for me at home. Maggie said she was not a good player.

Finally, she agreed to play and asked me what I wanted to hear. I told her she could play what she chose. She brought out an old music book bound in black leather. I opened it. It contained many simple songs. Some were good but old-fashioned. There were several Scotch songs. I selected The Blue Bells of Scotland’ and returned the book to her. Maggie played it and I hummed the tune. When she finished playing I thanked her very much. Mrs. Clifford said that Maggie did not have the opportunity to learn the violin. She learned to play the violin herself. She added that if their circumstances improved she would arrange for some music lessons for Maggie. As I was returning home, the incident touched my heart deeply.

Three months passed. I visited Maggie and her mother many times and once I took Maggie to see the Zoo. She rode the elephant and she was very happy.

No news came from her brother. Urged by Mrs. Clifford I went to India House and made enquiries. I was told the regiment to which Frank belonged was fighting in the Northwest Frontier. Mrs. Clifford was very worried. One day I got a postcard from Maggie saying that her mother was very ill. She has not been able to go to work for a week. She wanted me to go and see them. I had spoken to the family with whom I lived about Maggie and her mother. At breakfast, I spoke of the letter. My hostess told me that when I went to see Maggie I should take some money with me. Since the girl has not gone to work, they will be in problems. I took some money and went to their house. Maggie opened the door.

She was looking weak. Her eyes were hollow and ringed. She thanked me. I asked about her mother. Maggie said that her condition was serious. She was sleeping. The doctor said that her condition was aggravated because of her worry about Frank. There was no news from him. She may not live. I tried to console Maggie. Maggie controlled herself with an effort and told me she had a request to make. I asked her to tell me what she wanted. She asked me to go into the sitting room where she would tell me about her request.

We went into the sitting room quietly. I asked Maggie what she wanted. She looked into my eyes. Then as I was waiting for her answer, she covered her face and started crying. I was in a fix. What could I say to comfort her? Her brother was on the war front. Nobody knew if he was dead or alive. Her mother was her only support on earth. If she lost her, where would this young girl of 13 or 14, go?

I pulled her hands away from her face. I asked her what she wanted me to do for her. She was hesitant to come out with her request and asked me to forgive her if the request was wrong. I asked her to tell me what she wanted. She then said that the whole day yesterday her mother was telling her that if I went to her house and looked into the crystal, I might be able to know something about her son, as I am a Hindu. But she thought I may not go to their house. That is why she wrote to me. I told her if she wanted me to try once more she should fetch me the ring. She then was worried what would happen if I did not see anything. I could not give her any proper answer.

She further told me that she had read in books that Hindus are extremely truth loving. After looking into the crystal, she wanted me to tell her mother that Frank was alright and he was alive. Would that be too much of a lie? Would that be wrong? As she spoke she was crying.

I thought it over. I am not a saint. I decided to do it. It would not be a big offence. I told Maggie to get the ring.

I told her I would look very carefully this time. Even if I didn’t see anything I would tell the mother as she had told me. God would forgive if it was wrong. Maggie brought the ring. I asked her to check if her mother was awake. She came back after 15 minutes and told me she was awake. She had told her mother that I was there.

Maggie took me to her mother’s bedside. The ring was in my hand. I told Mrs. Clifford that her son was alive and well. She wanted to know if I saw him in the crystal. Without hesitation, I told her I did see him there. Tears of happiness filled her eyes. She wished me God’s blessings.

Mrs. Clifford recovered.
It was time for me to return to India. I wanted to go to Lambeth to say goodb^ to Maggie and her mother. But the family was in mourning. Frank had been killed in the fighting. A month ago, Maggie had sent me a card with a black border. I calculated from the date and found that Frank had been dead some days when I told him he was alive and well. I felt ashamed to face Maggie’s mother. So I wrote them a letter, informing them of my going away and bidding them good-bye.

It was the morning of my last day in London. I was to leave before night. I was breakfasting with the host family. There was a knock at the door. The maid came and said that Miss Clifford has come to see me. I had not finished my breakfast. Maggie had come to say good¬bye. I got up from the table. Maggie was standing in the hall. She was wearing black. I took her to the library and made her sit down.

She asked me if I was leaving that day. I said ‘Yes.’ She wanted to know how long I would take to reach my country. I said a little more than 2 weeks. She asked me where I lived. I then told her that I had entered the Punjab Civil Service. I would not know when exactly I would reach there after my posting. She wanted to know if the Frontier was far from there. I told her it was not far. She told me that Frank was buried at Fort Monroe, near Dera-Ghazi- Khan. Her eyes were filled with tears. I told her that I would visit her brother’s grave and write to her. When I assured her that I would visit the place, her face filled with gratitude. She took a shilling out of her pocket and put it down on the table in front of me. With that money I was to buy flowers and place them on her brother’s grave.

In my emotion, I lowered my eyes. She had earned that shilling with so much hard work. I wanted to return the money to her saying that in India a lot of wildflowers grew and one does not have to pay money to get some. But I thought again. I would deprive her of the joy of sacrifice if I did not take the money. The grief of her heart would lessen by the sacrifice she was making. I took the shilling. I assured her that I would buy flowers with it and put them on her brother’s grave.

She said she did not know how to thank me. She would be late for work and so she wanted to go. She reminded me to write to her. I took her hand and pressed it to my lips. Maggie left. I wiped a tear or two from my eyes. I went upstairs to pack my bags.

– (Translated from Bengali by Lila Ray)

The Price of Flowers (Short Story) Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 1 Chapter 3 Quest for a Theory of Everything Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook Quest for a Theory of Everything Questions and Answers Unit 1 Chapter 3 (Profile)

Quest for a Theory of Everything (Profile) Textual Questions

Plus One English Chapter 3 Notes Question 1.
How did Hawking startle the audience?
Answer:
He startled his audience by telling them that there was an end in sight for Theoretical Physics. He invited them to join him in a sensational escape through time and space.

Hss Guru Plus One English Notes Question 2.
Stephen Hawking did not appear to be a promising choice to lead any adventure. Why?
Answer:
He was sitting in a wheelchair while one of his students was reading his lecture to the audience. His appearance was not healthy and naturally he did not appearto be a promising choice to lead any adventure.

Hss Live Guru Plus One English Notes Question 3.
Can a person be judged by appearance alone? Justify your response.
Answer:
A person cannot be judged by appearance alone. Many great men in history did not have a great appearance. Napoleon Bonaparte was a very short person. Franklin Roosevelt, one of the greatest American Presidents, spent most of his working hours in a wheelchair, and he walked with leg braces and canes, usually with help. Mother Theresa did not appear a robust person but she was really great.

Hsslive Guru Plus One English Notes Question 4.
What do you learn about Stephen Hawking’s childhood?
Answer:
He was born on 8 January 1942 in Oxford, England. His parents were Frank and Isobel Hawking. They were not wealthy. Hawking attended the local St. Alban’s school. By the time he was 8, he was seriously thinking of becoming a scientist. His father wanted him to study medicine. But Stephen thought biology was too imprecise. He wanted a subject in which he could look for exact answers. He was just an ordinary school boy. He was slow in learning to read and his handwriting was horrible.

At 14, Stephen knew he would study maths and physics. But his father discouraged him from studying maths because he thought it offered no jobs, except as a teacher. Stephen’s father wanted him to attend Oxford where he had studied. Oxford had no mathematics. So Stephen studied chemistry and physics and only a little mathematics. At the age of 17, Hawking went to Oxford to study natural science and to specialise in physics.

Plus One English Quest For A Theory Of Everything Summary Question 5.
Comment on Hawking’s life at 03(ford.
Answer:
For about one year and a half, Hawking was lonely and bored at Oxford. He also did not try hard at his academics. But halfway through the second year, he began to enjoy Oxford.

Profile Of Stephen Hawking In English Plus One Question 6.
What opinion did Hawking’s peers at Oxford have about him?
Answer:
Hawking became popular and was well-accepted among his peers. They remember him as lively, buoyant and adaptable. He wore his hair long. He was famous for his wit. He liked classical music and science fiction. He took part in sports.

Plus One English Chapter Quest For A Theory Of Everything Summary Question 7.
Cite an example to prove that Stephen Hawking was sharp-witted. Did his wit help him in any way?
Answer:
Stephen Hawking had applied to do a Ph.D. at Cambridge while he was a student at Oxford . He was accepted on condition that he got a ‘First’ from Oxford. Hawking thought he could get through successfully. But as the examination came, his confidence failed. Hawking got only borderline marks between a first and a second. As he had only a borderline result, his examiners called him for an interview and asked him about his plans. He told the examiners boldly, “If I get a first, I shall go to Cambridge. If I receive a second,

I will remain at Oxford. So I expect that you will give me a first.’ He got his ‘First’ and he went to Cambridge. His wit helped him here to get what he wanted.

Plus One English Textbook Activity Answers Unit 1 Question 8.
Stephen’s first year at Cambridge was worse than that at 03dord. Why?
Answer:
His first year at Cambridge was worse than that at Oxford. His poor mathematical background troubled him. He found general relativity extremely tough. There was even a bigger problem. During his 3rd year, he had started getting a bit careless. He had fallen once or twice for no apparent reason. Soon he had trouble tying his shoes and sometimes he had difficulty in talking.

Plus One English Notes Quest For A Theory Of Everything Question 9.
How did tragedy strike Hawking after his 21st birthday?
Answer:
Shortly after his 21st birthday, in 1963, tragedy struck him. He contracted a rare disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, for which there was no known cure. It caused a gradual disintegration of the nerve cells in the spinal cord and the brain. He went into a deep depression. He did not know what to do and what his future would be.

Plus One English Chapter Quest For A Theory Of Everything Question Answers Question 10.
What drastic change came over Hawking after the diagnosis of the disease?
Answer:
A drastic change came over Hawking after the diagnosis of the disease. He had many dreams. He said that his dreams were at that time very confused. Before his condition was diagnosed he was bored with life. But after he came out of hospital, he dreamt that he was going to be executed. He realized then that there were a lot of important things to do if he was given a reprieve – time to live for some more time. Hawking was getting some more time to live and life was precious.

Quest For A Theory Of Everything Summary Pdf Question 11.
What was Jane’s impression ofHawking?
Answer:
Just before Hawking entered the hospital for tests, he met Jane Wilde at a New Year’s Party at St. Alban’s. She thought Hawking was very intelligent, eccentric and rather arrogant. But he was interesting and she liked his wit. She fell in love with him.

Quest For A Theory Of Everything Plus One Notes Question 12.
Write a note on the character of Jane.
Answer:
Jane was a shy teenager with a strong faith in God. This faith was ingrained in her by her mother. She believed that good can come out of any adversity. When she met Hawking after his discharge from the hospital, he was in a sad state. She felt that he had lost his will to live and he was very confused. She was not put off by his physical or mental condition. Hawking liked her optimism and their friendship grew. They thought that together they could make something good.

For Stephen, it made a big difference. He applied for a research fellowship at Caius, one of the colleges of Cambridge University. In 1965, when he was 23, he received his fellowship at Caius. In July 1965, he married Jane. They had 3 children. In fact, it was Jane who gave moral support to Hawking to overcome his adversities and do something great for mankind.

Quest For A Theory Of Everything Questions And Answers Question 13.
Is Stephen Hawking really a great mind on par with the likes of Einstein and Newton? Justify your answer.
Answer:
It is not yet time to make a verdict on the work of Stephen Hawking. Newton and Einstein are giants who rule the world of science. It is true that Hawking has said some significant things about the universe. He has asked significant questions but he has not provided adequate answers. Anybody can ask questions. Asking questions does not make a person a genius.

Hawking used to ask daring, unexpected and penetrating questions during the sessions involving some of the most famous and distinguished scientists in the world. That is how he earned his name as ‘a genius’ and as ‘another Einstein’. I don’t think his mind is on par with the likes of Newton and Einstein. Time may prove me wrong. But for the moment I stick to my answer.

Ferguson Higher Physics Ebook Download Question 14.
List the interesting facts dealt with Hawking’s book.
Answer:
Where did the universe come from? Is it infinite? Does it have any boundaries? Will it come to an end? If so, how? Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it? Is there a beginning of time? Could time run back? The book begins by recounting the great theories of the cosmos from Newton to Einstein. His purpose in writing the book was to make science understandable to non-scientists.

Plus One Quest For A Theory Of Everything Notes Question 15.
What could have been the misgivings of Jane?
Answer:
While on a trip to Switzerland, Hawking contracted pneumonia and was left on a life-support system. The doctors treating him suggested a tracheotomy operation which would remove his windpipe. It might save his life but he would never again be able to speak or make a vocal sound. Jane thought her husband might die with this operation. That is why she said, The future looks very bleak.’ Hawking would no longer breathe through his mouth and nose, but through a permanent hole made in his throat.

Question 16.
How could he overcome his difficulties after the tracheotomy operation?
Answer:
Since Hawking could not speak, Walt Woltosz, a computer expert in California, sent him a programme he had developed. It was called the Equalizer. It would allow Hawking to select words from the screen and this way he could continue to do his work, although very slowly.

Question 17.
Mention some of the unique ideas and paradoxes put forward by Stephen Hawking.
Answer:
Some of the unique ideas and paradoxes put forward by Stephen Hawking are :

• In science and with people, things are often not what they seem.
• Pieces that ought to fit together refuse to do so.
• You will learn that beginnings may be endings.
• Cruel circumstances can lead to happiness, although fame and success may not.
• Two great scientific theories taken together seem to give us nonsense.
• Empty space is not empty.
• Black holes are not black.

Question 18.
What was Hawking’s attitude to his disability? How do you estimate it in a wider social context?
Answer:
He chose to ignore his difficulty. He expected others to adopt the same attitude. In the modern days, we call ‘disabled’ people ‘Differently Abled People’. A physical disability does not have to make you desperate and a victim of sympathy. People with physical disabilities have achieved marvels. Franklin D. Roosevelt, one of the most famous American Presidents spent most of his working hours in a wheelchair and walked with leg braces and a cane, supported by others.

Now we have a blind play-back singer Bhagyalaksmi. There is also a blind music director named Afsal. Handicaps need not be looked upon as excuses to be lazy. With hard work, one can overcome his handicaps. Helen Keller – blind, deaf, and dumb – became world-famous because of her determination to succeed. And she did.

Activity – I (Writing)

Question 1.
Attempt an assessment of the personality of Hawking in a short paragraph.
Answer:
Hawking was a man of determination and perseverance. When he was at Oxford, in his late teens, he was lively, buoyant, and adaptable. He wore his hair long. He was famous for his wit. He liked classical musical and was interested in sports. When he was in the 3rd year at Oxford he applied to do a Ph.D. at Cambridge. He was accepted on condition that he got a ‘First’ from Oxford. But during the examination he had only borderline marks between a first and a second.

The examiners summoned him and asked him about his plans. He told them bluntly, “If I get a first, I shall go to Cambridge. If I receive a second, I will remain at Oxford. So I expect that you will give me a first.” They gave him a First and he went to Cambridge. This shows how frank and open he was. When he was 21, he contracted a rare disease which caused disintegration of the nerve cells of his spinal cord and brain. He walked around with a cane, supporting himself against a wall.

His speech was impaired. But nothing stopped him from achieving what he wanted. It was this determination that attracted Jane Wilde whom he married. He lost his voice after a tracheotomy operation. But he continued working with an Equalizer, which helped him to choose words from a computer screen. He asked fundamental questions like where did the universe come from and whether it has boundaries. Is there a beginning of time? Could time run back? His book ‘A Brief History of Time’ contains a lot of paradoxes that will surprise us. He is often called another Einstein.

Activity – II (Timeline)

Question 2.
List the facts you have earned about Stephen Hawking, in chronological order, in the timeline given below:
Answer:

2005 Release of a Book ‘A brief History of time
1988 Published a Brief History of Time
1984 Completing the Draft of the Book
1980 Inaugural lecture at Cockcroft Lecture Room
1980 Started writing a book about universe
1965 Received research fellowship at Caius
1965 Married Jane Wilde
1963 Gets the rare disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1959 Goes to Oxford
1950 Decides to become a scientist
1942 Birth

Question 3.
Now, look at the list you have made. What facts do the readers expect in a profile?

• Date of birth
• ……………………..
• ……………………..
• ……………………..
• ……………………..
• ……………………..
• …………………….. etc

Answer:

• Date of birth
• Parents and schooling
• Higher Education
• Turning Points in life
• Marriage
• Rare activities
• Achievements
• Things that make a person stand out
• The message he/she gives

Activity – III (Interview)

Question 4.
Read the excerpt from the interview of Stephen Hawking by Kitty Gail Ferguson. She interviews him to collect details for his biography. Find out Stephen’s responses from the profile and complete the interview.
Answer:
Interviewer: Shortly after your 21st birthday, your doctors diagnosed that you had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a rare disease for which there is no known cure. How did you react to the diagnosis? How did you manage to cope with the situation?

Interviewee: My initial reaction was shock and disbelief. I went into a depression. I did not know what to do and what my future would be. But then I told myself that there was no point in spending time worrying about something that we can’t change. In English, there is a saying “What can’t be cured must be endured.” So I decided to live with my disease and continue working as best as I could.

Interviewer: What made you think that life was precious? Can you recollect any particular instance in your life that has become crucial?

Interviewee: I dreamt that I was going to be executed. Suddenly I realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things to do, if I were given some more time to live.

I wanted to do some good things before I died so that people would remember me even after my death.

I started thinking that life was precious. My meeting with Jane Wilde was crucial. She liked me in spite of my eccentricity and disease. Her optimism helped me a lot.

Interviewer: It is said that you wrote a book to make science understandable to non-scientists. Is that so?

Interviewee: Yes, that was my plan, I wanted even non-scientists know something about cosmology and the quantum theory. Everybody has heard about Einstein’s theory of relativity and his famous equation E = me2. But how many people know what it means? So I decided to write about science in a language understandable by the common man. But of course, you will find a lot of seeming paradoxes in my writings. But then life is full of paradoxes, isn’t it?

Question 5.
Now, prepare a set of questions, and conduct an interview with a person who has become successful in any field in your locality. You can identify people who became successful in any walk of life such as farming/entrepreneurship/ the civil services/competitive examinations, etc.
Answer:
Mehboob Saithu, who is my neighbor, is a successful rice farmer. He produces around 50 tons of rice each year. Through his initiative, some uncultivated farms have been brought under cultivation. Here is an excerpt from an interview I had with him.

Interviewer: Mr. Mehboob, please tell us something about yourself.

Interviewee: You already know my name. My parents are Mr. Saithu and Mrs. Khadeeja. I am married and I have two children, a boy and a girl. My wife Kunjumol is a homemaker and she supports me in all my farming activities. My son is a student in Singapore, doing a degree in sound engineering and my daughter is studying for her MBA.

Interviewer: What are your educational qualifications?

Interviewee: I have only completed my Pre Degree Course. I was very reluctant to join college, although my father wanted m%Jo study further. But I refused to go to college. Instead, I started helping him in his electrical shop. The shop was running reasonably well at that time. I had a nice time in the shop as I could make some money for my needs.

Interviewer: Then how did you become a farmer?

Interviewee: I had an inborn desire to be a farmer. I love watching plants grow and produce. We had some fields which were not cultivated because my father thought agriculture was a loss because of high labour cost and low returns. Soon my father became very sick and a lot of money had to be spent on him. He was treated in different hospitals. As I was going round taking care of him, there was no proper supervision in the shop and slowly the business was running at a loss and those who bought things on credit did not pay up. The shop had to be closed down in due course. It was then that I turned my attention to farming.

Interviewer: Are you happy with farming?

Interviewee: It is a difficult question to answer. Indian agriculture, as you know, is a gamble on monsoons. A good harvest depends on many factors. Once we sow the seeds till the harvest is marketed we are worried. Questions like ‘Will there be enough rain?’, ‘Will there be too much rain?’ etc. keep worrying us. But once the harvest is in the barn, we are happy. On the whole, I would say I am happy. I am able to produce food for others. I am able to give jobs to many people and this way I am doing my part for the development of the nation.

Interviewer? What are your future plans?

Interviewee: I am not a very ambitious man. Soon my daughter will complete her MBA. I have to get her married. My son will have his engineering degree and he will have, hopefully, a good job. Then he too should get married. Then it would be time for me to rest a little and spend my time with my grandchildren. I hope, Insha Allah, to succeed in my plans.

Interviewer: Thank you Mr. Mehboob for talking to me.

Interviewee: Thank you, too!

Activity – IV : (Profile)

Question 6.
Using the responses you received from the person you interviewed, prepare his/her profile.
Answer:
Mehboob Saithu was born on 10 May 1963. His parents were Mrs. Saithu and Mrs. Khadeeja. When he was 5, he was sent to Little Flower Convent School Irinjakaluda. There he studied until class IV. Then he was sent to Don Bosco School, Irinjalakuda. From there he completed his SSLC in 1982. Later he went to Christ College, Irinjalakuda. He completed his Pre Degree Course there.

After his education, he joined his father in the Electrical Shop to assist him in the business. The shop did well for some years. When he was 27, he married Kunjumol, who comes from a wealthy family from Ernakulam. Their first child was born in 1990 and their daughter in 1992.

By the time Mehboob was 40, the shop ran into problems because of the grave illness of his father. His father had to be shuttled from hospital to hospital for better treatment. It took away a lot of time and also money. In the absence of proper supervision, the shop went into problems as those who got things on credit refused to pay up. Finally the shop had to be closed down.

It was then Mehboob turned his attention to farming. He had some agricultural fields which were lying uncultivated. He started cultivating them and now he is fully into farming. He derives satisfaction in two ways. He is producing food for many people and at the same time he is able to give jobs to some people. This way he is doing his bit in the development of the nation.

Mehboob is not a very ambitious man. Soon his daughter will complete her MBA. He wants to get her married. His son will have his engineering degree and he will have, hopefully, a good job. Then he also should marry. Then it would be time for Mr. Mehboob to rest a little and spend his time with grandchildren.

Activity – V: Speech

Question 7.
Read the following statements from the profile of Stephen Hawking:
Answer:
‘Shortly after I came out of hospital, I dreamt that I was going to be executed. I suddenly realized that there were a lot of worthwhile things I could do.’ Can you find out similar incidents that happened in the lives of other great people (such as Helen Keller, Wilma Rudolf, Valentina Tereshkova, etc.). Prepare a short speech on any one of them so as to deliver it before the school assembly.

My dear teachers and students,
Sometimes people lose their faith because they have some handicaps and they feel they can’t become famous because of their handicaps. But we have so many examples in history which prove that handicaps need not make people desperate. They can excel in some fields and become more famous than even normal people. Today I will talk to you about Helen Keller, who achieved international fame although she was deaf and blind. But she served as an inspiration for other people with disabilities.

Helen Keller (1880-1968) was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama, the daughter of well-to-do parents. When 19 months old, Helen was stricken with an acute illness that left her deaf and blind. In a short time she forgot the few words she knew and became silent. She made use of signs to get what she wanted. On the advice of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, who was also a teacher of deaf people, Keller’s paints got a teacher named Anne Mansfield Sullivan (later Macy). Helen and Anne worked together until Anne’s death in 1936.

Anne taught Helen to read and write using the Braille system. When Keller was ten, she began to relearn how to speak. At first this seemed impossible, but Anne discovered that Keller could learn sounds by placing her fingers on her teacher’s larynx and sensing the vibrations. The moving account of how Anne taught her to speak is told in Helen Keller’s The Story of My Life (1902).

In 1900, Keller entered Radcliffe College. Four years later Keller graduated with honors to worldwide acclaim and decided to devote her life to helping blind and deaf people. Through her essays and articles in major magazines and newspapers, Keller explained the problems encountered by people who are deaf and blind and the responsibilities of society. In addition to The Story of My Life, she published Optimism, or My Key to Life (1903), The World I Live In (1908), and Out of the Dark (1913). Helen Keller achieved fame in spite of severe handicaps and she should be an inspiration to all of us.

Activity – VI: (Group Discussion)

The Group Discussion (GD) is an important tool for assessing a candidate’s personality. The GD has become a part of the selection process for admission to any reputed institution.

Skills judged in GDs :

• Your communication abilities
• Your behavior and interaction with others
• How open-minded you are
• Your listening skills
• The way you present your ideas.
• Your leadership and decision-making capacity
• Your knowledge of the subject and your analytical skills
• Problem-solving and critical thinking skills
• Your attitude and confidence

Here is a model for a Group Discussion:
Topic: “Commercialization of violence and sex in the media increases the crime rate.”

A : Hello friends, we are going to talk about the issue of commercialization of violence and sex and how the media increases the crime rate in the society by sensationalizing things. You may have different views about it.

B : Friends, I do say that the media is helping in the increase of crime rates by making sensational reports of violence and sex. The front pages of many newspapers and magazines are full of gory details of violence and sex. Looking at the newspapers, someone may be forced to think that only two things happen in the country – violence and sex.

A : I agree with B. Look at some of the newspaper headlines. You see a headline: WAR BREAKS OUT. You are anxious to know where and why. And then you see it is just an ODI (One Day International) between India and Pakistan. Look at some of our cinemas. Most of them are a mixture of songs, dances, sex and violence. Even to sell a particular brand of the umbrella, they will show Sania Mirza in her tennis shorts! Money has become God.

C : The problem with the media is that they have a great effect on the youth. What they see in films and on TV influences them. Didn’t we hear the case of a boy who imitated Superman and jumped from the top of a building and died?

D : I’m afraid the media often misleads people. Biased reporting makes people take sides. Look at the Marad incident that happened in Kerala. One group of media supported one community and the other group supported the other. Truths are distorted. Media should be used to promote fellow-feeling, love and tolerance.

E : I’m afraid there is too much negative criticism against the media. In the media also we see the villain getting punished in the end. So actually there is no encouragement in the media to be villainous. In fact, it warns people not to do bad things. It reinforces our culture.

F : I believe that the media culture has a positive impact on society. The number of media users has increased greatly and the media make people aware of the things happening around them and also in the world. Thus it serves a good purpose.

G : We can’t think of a life without the media. The only thing is that we should use it positively. There is no point in criticizing the media for all the ills rampant in the society.

Activity – VII (Cohesive devices)

In the profile, we see the use of words like ‘n7oreover’, ‘never there ‘however etc. These words show the relationship between sentences. They hold the text together. Such words are known as ‘cohesive devices Identify a few such expressions/words and complete the following:

Here is a list of cohesive devices used for different functions.

Let’s Practise:

Choose the correct cohesive device from the box given to complete the sentences. Each one is to be used only once.

Question 8.
1. I had a terrible day at work and lost my umbrella too. _________ I spoke to that nice guy who works in the coffee shop at last!
2. Television turns people into lazy couch potatoes. _________, there are some educational programmes on.
3. _________, 1 would like to welcome you all to the conference today.
4. _________ the film was a little boring, we still had a nice evening out.
5. I’ve always known Caroline as a miser. _________, she lent me 1000 yesterday without my having to ask twice!
6. I got up at 9 o’clock yesterday and had a cold shower _________, I had breakfast and left for work.
7. My brother works ¡n a large office _________ I work on my own at home.
8. Why do you think I don’t want to go out tonight? _________ I would be delighted to get out of the house.
9. You should participate in the school youth festival as it gives you a chance to meet many people _________, It gives you an opportunity to showcase your talents.
10. I don’t want to go to the football game. Football bores me and don’t want to pay 40 fora ticket. _________, look at the weather! All that rain!
Answers
1. At least
2. On the other hand
3. Firstly
4. Though
5. However
6. Then
7. Whereas
8. Actually
9. Moreover
10. Besides

Activity – VIII:

Collocation “Stephen Hawking has overcome his crippling disease to become the supernova of world physics.” In this sentence the underlined words go together. In other words crippling collocates with the disease. In other words, we can say that words that are used together and have a special meaning are called collocations. For example ‘strong tea’.

Given below are a set of collocations that can be used to describe success.

Let’s practice:

Arun’s teacher is talking about his merit and achievement to his parents while giving the end-of-term report. Imagine what the teacher would say, and complete the sentences using suitable collocations from those given in the box above. Arun has made a breakthrough in Maths this year, doing excellent work compared to last year. It is, of course, a remarkable achievement on his part. This year has seen a dramatic improvement in Arun’s English. His crowning achievement is his performance in the school’s staging of ‘Othello’. He has found some effective ways of working with natural materials this year, and his self-portrait is a brilliant success. He is now able to enjoy the fruits of hard work. Playing for the school team has certainly brought out the best in him and he rightly won the respect of all his teammates.

Read and Enjoy

Question 1.
We have read aboyt a few great personalities and identified some off the qualities of greatness. “If is a poem with a message. It suggests the idea of conditional fulfillment. Here the poet describes the qualities of the perfect man.

Quest for a Theory of Everything (Profile) About the Author:

Kitty Gail Ferguson is a science writer, lecturer and professional musician. She was written many science books and biographies. Her works are known for their details and accuracy. She is known for her simple explanation of complicated scientific principles.

Quest For A Theory Of Everything Summary

– Kitty Gail Ferguson

On 29 April 1980, in the Cockcroft Lecture Room, many scientists and university dignitaries were seated. The occasion was the inaugural lecture by a new Lucasian Professor of Mathematics, Stephen Hawking, who was a mathematician and physicist. He was 38 years old.

The title of the lecture was “Is the End in Sight for Theoretical Physics?’ His listeners were surprised when Hawkins said it was. He invited them to join him in a sensational escape through time and space to find the Holy Grail of science – the theory that explains the universe and everything that happens in it. (The Holy Grail is the cup used by Jesus Christ at the Last Supper.)

Stephen Hawking sat silently in a wheelchair as one of his students read his lecture to the audience. Judging by his appearance, Hawking did not look the kind of person to lead any adventure. Hawking was bom on 8 January 1942, in Oxford, England. It was exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo, the father of modern science. Frank and Isobel Hawking, Stephen’s parents, were not wealthy. But they believed in the value of education. So they wanted to send Stephen to Westminster Public School, which is in the heart of London. Unfortunately, Stephen was ill at the time of the scholarship examination for Westminster. So, he attended the local St. Alban’s school.

By the time he was 8, he was thinking of becoming a scientist. His father encouraged him to study medicine, but Stephen found biology too imprecise. He wanted a subject that gave exact answers and so he could get into the root of things.

Stephen was not a miracle boy. He was just an ordinary English boy. He was slow in learning to read and his handwriting was bad. He was ranked somewhere in the middle of the class. In his defence Stephen Hawking now says, ‘It was a very bright class’, meaning he was not among the top students because all the students in the class were very bright!

At 14, Stephen decided to study mathematics and physics. His father was not happy because he said there were no jobs in mathematics except teaching. Moreover he wanted his son to attend Oxford where he himself had studied, but Oxford offered no mathematics. So Stephen followed his father’s advice and studied chemistry, physics and only a little mathematics in preparation for the entrance to Oxford. He did well in physics and was accepted there. In 1959, at 17, Hawking went to Oxford to study natural science and to specialize in physics. He joined University College, the oldest at Oxford, founded in 1249 AD. His father had studied there.

For about one year, Hawking was lonely and bored. He did not feel any inspiration to do well in his academics. But by the middle of 2nd year, he began enjoying Oxford. He became popular and was well accepted by his peers. He was lively, buoyant and adaptable. He had long hair. He was famous for his wit. He liked classical music and science fiction. He took part in sports.

By the end of the 3rd year, however, things were bad for Hawking. He selected theoretical physics as his specialty. He had then applied to do a Ph.D. at Cambridge. He was accepted on the condition that he got a ‘First’ from Oxford. Hawking thought he could get through successfully. But as the examination came, his confidence failed. Hawking got only borderline marks between a first and a second.

As he had only a borderline result, his examiners called him for an interview and asked him about his plans. He told the examiners boldly, “If I get a first, I shall go to Cambridge. If I receive a second, I will remain at Oxford. So I expect that you will give me a first.’ He got his ‘First’ and he went to Cambridge.

His first year at Cambridge was worse than that at Oxford. His poor mathematical background troubled him. He found general relativity extremely tough. There was even a bigger problem. During his 3rd year, he had started getting a bit careless. He had fallen once or twice for no apparent reason. Soon he had trouble tying his shoes and sometimes he had difficulty in talking.

In 1963, shortly after his 21st birthday, he got a rare disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, for which there was no known cure. It caused a gradual disintegration of the nerve cells in the spinal cord and the brain. He went into a deep depression. He did not know what to do and what his future would be.

He said that his dreams at that time were very confused. Before his condition was diagnosed he was bored with life. But after he came out of hospital, he dreamt that he was going to be executed. He realized then that there were a lot of important things to do if he was given a reprieve – more time to live.

Another recurring dream he used to have was sacrificing his life to save others. If he was going to die, he thought, he should do some good things. The doctors thought his condition would stabilize but it went from bad to worse. They told him that he had only 2 years to live.

Two years passed. The disease slowed down. He did not die. He said that although a cloud was hanging over his future, he was enjoying the present more than before. Hawking was getting some more time to live and life was precious.

Just before Hawking entered the hospital for tests, he met Jane Wilde at a New Year’s Party at St. Alban’s. She thought Hawking was very intelligent, eccentric and rather arrogant. But he was interesting and she liked his wit. When Jane met him after his discharge from the hospital, he was in a sad state. She felt that he had lost his will to live and he was very confused. She was not put off by his physical or mental condition. She was a shy teenager with a strong faith in God. This faith was ingrained in her by her mother. Jane believed that good can come out of any adversity.

Hawking liked her optimism and their friendship grew. They thought that together they could make something good. For Stephen it made a big difference. He applied for a research fellowship at Caius, once of the colleges of Cambridge University. In 1965, when he was 23, he received his fellowship at Caius. In July, 1965, he married Jane.

People remember Hawking moving about in the University with a cane, supporting himself against the wall. He spoke with a slight speech impediment. People remember his brashness in sessions in which some of the most distinguished scientist spoke. While other young researchers kept silent, Hawking daringly asked unexpected questions. He knew what he was talking about. His reputation as ‘a genius’ and ‘another Einstein’ began then.

In 1980, a practical need for funds made him start a new enterprise. It was to have a far-reaching impact on the Hawkings and others in the world. He thought of writing a book about the universe. He wanted to write about the most interesting questions that had made him study cosmology and quantum theory. Where did the universe come from? Is it infinite? Does it have any boundaries? Will it come to an end? If so, how? Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it? Is there a beginning of time? Could time run back? The book begins by recounting the great theories of the cosmos from Newton to Einstein. His purpose in writing the book was to make science understandable to non-scientists.

He completed the first draft in 1984. As he was revising it, he went to Switzerland. There he caught pneumonia and was on a life-supporting system. Doctors suggested a tracheotomy operation.’This would result in the removal of his windpipe. It might save his life, but he would never again speak or even make a vocal sound. Jane, with reluctance, consented to the surgery.

Hawking could no longer breathe through his mouth and nose. So, a permanent opening was made in his throat. After many weeks of intensive care, he went home to join Jane and their three children. He was too weak and ill to continue his research. Walt Woltosz, a computer expert in California, sent him a programme he had developed. It was called the Equalizer. It would allow Hawking to select words from the screen.

Hawking thought he would not be able to complete his book. With the support of his student Brian Whitt, ‘A Brief History of Time was published in 1988. In September 2005, an abridged version of the original book was published. This version was updated to include the new issues that had arisen due to further scientific developments.

In the book we can see a number of paradoxes:
a) In science and with people, things are often not what they seem.
b) Pieces that ought to fit together refuse to do so.
c) You will learn that beginnings may be endings.
d) Cruel circumstances can lead to happiness, although fame and success may not.
e) Two great scientific theories taken together seem to give us nonsense.
f) Empty space is not empty.
g) Black holes are not black.

It is a miracle that Hawking was able to achieve everything he has and he is still alive. When we experience his intelligence and humor, we tend to take his unusual mode of communication and his terrible physical problems very lightly. That is exactly what he wants. He chooses to ignore the difficulty and he expects others to have the same attitude. Hawking has overcome his crippling disease to become a shining star of world physics.

Quest For A Theory Of Everything Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 3 Chapter 1 Sunrise on the Hills Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook Sunrise on the Hills Questions and Answers Unit 3 Chapter 1 (Poem)

Sunrise on the Hills (Poem) Textual Activities Questions and Answers

Activity -1 (Read and Respond)

Plus One English Unit 3 Chapter 1 Question 1.
Look at the expressions ‘heaven’s wide arch and ‘returning march’. What does the poet describe here? What else does it remind you of?
Answer:
The poet describes here the sky and the return of the sun in the morning. It reminds me of a king returning after a long absence or even my own returning to life in the morning after the night’s sleep.

Sunrise On The Hills Notes Hsslive Chapter 1 Question 2.
Comment on the expression of ‘soft gales’.
Answer:
This is the poetic way of describing the early morning breeze.

Plus One English Textbook Answers Chapter 1 Question 2.
What makes the glory of the clouds fade?
Answer:
The rising sun makes the glory of the clouds fade. The mist melts away and the glory fades.

Plus One English Hsslive Chapter 1 Question 3.
What are the clouds compared to?
Answer:
They are compared to the army defeated in battle, ready to flee from the conqueror.

Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 4.
What picture of the valley is unveiled?
Answer:
The valley is rich. The water that flows in the river gets darkened at times by the shade of the forest, but in the cascade it glistens. The bittern is flying upward spirally making noise as the dawn is softly and smoothly turning into morning.

Hsslive Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 5.
How does the valley respond to the rising sun?
Answer:
The valley responds to the rising sun in a lively manner. The water in the river is dashing down and currents whirl and flash. The trees of the forest are bending as if to touch the water and the silver sands of the beach of the lake. The valley is filled with the echoing noise of the wild horn, the screeching owl. Thin smoke is rising from the huts of the valley-dwellers through the thick-leaved branches as they are preparing their morning meals.

Hsslive Guru English Plus One Chapter 1 Question 6.
What message does the poet convey?
Answer:
The poet says that if you are tired and are troubled with problems and sorrows that you want to forget, if you want read a book that will prevent your heart from losing hope and wake your soul up with optimism, you should go to the forest and hills. The sweet look that Nature has is not dimmed by tears of any kind.

Plus One English Textbook Activity Answers Unit 3 Chapter 1 Question 7.
Are all the three stanzas of equal length? Why do you think the last stanza is short when compared to the previous stanzas?
Answer:
No, the three stanzas are not of equal length. The first stanza has 18 lines, the second 12 and the third only 6-. The last stanza is short when compared to the previous stanzas because in it the poet is giving us a piece of advice. In the other two stanzas he is describing the hills, the valley, the river, the lake and the beautiful sights and sounds there. Naturally they have to be longer. Descriptions take many lines, but a piece of advice does not have to be so long.

Activity – II (Read and reflect)

Hsslive Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 8.
You may listen to the recital of the poem.
Now, discuss and answer the following questions:
Comment on the musical quality of the poem.
Answer:
The poem is highly musical. The rhyming couplets (arch¬march, gales-vales, light-height, etc.) give a highly’ melodious quality to the poem. The poem has fine rhythm as the stressed and unstressed syllables alternate regularly. There is alliteration that adds to The musical quality. Examples of alliteration are ‘blasted, bare’, ‘faint and far’, ‘sudden shot’, ‘from fainting’. There are also many instances of assonance which make the poem sound sweet: The poem gives a smoothing effect as it sounds so soft and sweet to the ear.

Hss Live Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 9.
Identify the symbols used in the poem.
Answer:
There are many symbols in the poem. Examples are: ‘Heaven’s wide arch’, ‘returning march’, ‘soft gales kissing the sun-clad vales’, ‘hosts in battle overthrown’, ‘shattered lance’, ‘pine, blasted, bare and cleft’, ‘the veil of cloud’, ‘woods bending with silent reach’.

Plus One English Notes Hss Live Chapter 1 Question 10.
How does figurative language, like the simile, make the poem effective?
Answer:
Longfellow has used many figures of speech in his poem to make it effective. His figurative language includes simile, metaphor, personification and onomatopoeia, among others. He speaks of the clouds losing their glory “like hosts in battle overthrown”. This is a fine smile. There are excellent personifications in “the sun’s returning march” and “soft gales Went forth to kiss the sun-clad vales”. Metaphors can be seen in ‘Pinnacles thrusting up shattered lances’ and The dark pine blasted, bare and cleft’. There is a superb onomatopoeia in ‘the whirl and flash of currents’.

Activity – III (Appreciation)

Pick out the descriptions of sights, sounds and movements in the poem.

Hsslive Plus One English Textbook Answers Chapter 1 Question 11.
Does any image stand out as the most important? Why do you think so?
Answer:
The image of the current whirling and flashing stands out as the most important. I think so because it represents man’s desire to explore and reach further and further.

Hss Live English Notes Plus One Chapter 1 Question 12.
What is your overall assessment of the poem?
Answer:
I think the poem is superb as it depicts some of the most alluring sights, sounds and movements of nature. Here Longfellow can stand comparison to William Wordsworth, the high priest of Nature.

English Plus One Notes Hsslive Chapter 1 Question 13.
Based on the above discussions, prepare an appreciation of the poem.
Answer:
The poem ‘Sunrise on the Hills’ by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is a lyric that extols the beauty of Nature and how Nature can soothe you when you are in trouble or difficulty. The poet stands upon the hills when the sky is glorious with the rays of the rising sun. The forests are brightened. Mild breezes are kissing the valleys brightened by the dawn. The clouds are under him and they are bathed in light. As the mist clears away in the rising sun, many peaks with their sharp spear-like projections appear. Soon he will see the rich valley. The river is flowing.

As the dawn breaks into the morning, birds fly away chirping noisily. The poet hears the distant waters rush. He sees the current whirl and shines in the light. The lake is blue with a beach of silver sand and near it the thick forest is bending as if to reach and kiss the lake. Over the valley, the gentle and melodious sound of the village bell is echoing on the hills. The thin smoke starts coming out from the wooded valley through the thick-leaved branches, from the huts of the people living in the valley.

The poet says that if you are tired and are troubled with problems and sorrows that you want to forget, if you want to read a book that will prevent your heart from losing hope and wake up your soul with optimism, you should go to the forest and hills. The sweet look that Nature has is not dimmed by tears of any kind.

The poet has used exquisite phrases to depict the sights, sounds, and movements of Nature. He has used many figures of speech to drive his points home. The message is clear. Go to nature to forget your sorrows and troubles. A glorious sunrise can life even the gloomiest person with hope and optimism.

The poem is full of visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic imagery. In this poem, Longfellow stands comparison to the greatest Nature Poet, William Wordsworth. Wordsworth is called the High Priest of Nature. The world today is full of problems and one reason for them is our contempt and disregard for nature. We destroy the beauty of nature. Now we have concrete jungles instead of jungles full of trees, wild animals, and birds. Longfellow wants us to return to Nature and enjoy its superb sights, melodious sounds, and exquisite movements.

Read and discuss :

Hss Live Plus One English Chapter 1 Question 14.
The modes of travel differ. Some may result in more intense and interesting experience.
Answer:
Christ Foster is a 48-year teacher from Southern California. He has completed the first part of a solo motorcycle journey around the world, travelling 13,343 miles. He has gone across 3 continents, and eleven countries. By travelling on his motorcycle he wants to get close to everything – the weather, the smells, the sights, and the people. His main motivation is to get to know the various countries and the customs there.

Hss Live Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 15.
What does the travel experience of this teacher tell us?
Answer:
It tells us that he is a very adventurous person. He wants to have a first-hand experience of everything – the weather, the smells, the sights, and the people of different countries. He wants to learn about the different customs people have in the countries he visits.

Plus One English Chapters Chapter 1 Question 16.
What do you think interests him more: where to travel dr how to travel?
Answer:
I think where to travel interests him more as one of his main motivations is to get first-hand knowledge of various countries and their customs.

Read and Reflect

How interesting does the earth look when viewed from a different angle from+1&r away, from out there? Let’s read ‘The Trip ofLe Horia’. It chronicles Maupassant’s ride in a hot air balloon called ‘Le Horia’.

Sunrise on the Hills (Poem) About the Author:

– Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) was a popular American poet and translator. He was a Professor at Harvard University. During his lifetime, Longfellow was considered the best American poet. His work was translated and published in many other languages. The poem ‘Sunrise on the Hills’ presents the experience of the poet as he watches the sun rise among the hills.

Sunrise On The Hills Summary

Stanza 1 : I stood upon the hills when the sky was glorious with the rays of the rising sun. The forests were brightened. Mild breezes were kissing the valleys brightened by the dawn. The clouds were under me. They were bathed in light and they gathered midway round the height covered with trees. Their glory was fading and they looked like armies defeated in battle. As the mist cleared away in the rising sun, many peaks with their sharp spear-like projections could be seen.

On the cliff there was a dark pine moving in the wind. It was withered, without any leaves and was split here and there. Soon the veil of the clouds was lifted and below I could see the rich valley. The river was flowing and its water was sometimes darkened by the shade cast by the forest. But sometimes the water glistened in its downward flow. As the dawn broke into morning, a bittern (a bird belonging to the heron family) flew upward in a spiral way making a lot noise.

Stanza 2 : I heard the distant waters rush. I saw the current whirl and shine in the light. The lake was blue with a beach of sliver sand and near it the thick forest was bending as if to reach and touch the lake. Over the valley the gentle and melodious sound of the village bell was echoing on the hills. The sound of the screeching owl filled the forest. li?A/as as if the owl was replying to the merry, but faint shout sent out by the valley. Then thin smoke started coming out from the wooded valley through the thick leaved branches, probably from the huts of the people living in the valley.

Stanza 3 : If you are tired and are troubled with problems and sorrows that you want to forget, if you want to read a book that will prevent your heart from losing hope and wake up your soul with optimism, you should go to the forest and hills. The sweet look that Nature has is not dimmed by tears of any kind.

Sunrise On The Hills Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 4 Braving The Hazards Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook Braving The Hazards Questions and Answers Unit 4

Let’S Begin

1. Examine the picture given below:

Let’s Discuss

Disaster And Disaster Management In India Plus One Notes Question 1.
What do these pictures tell us about?
Answer:
They tell us about disasters.

Disaster And Disaster Management In India Plus One Questions And Answers Question 2.
Note down all the ideas that come to your mind about them.
Answer:
Upper Row:
Picture 1 : aWhirlwindorablastofanuclearbomb.
Picture 2 : a Tsunami
Picture 3 : High tide or Storm in the sea

The row beneath :
Picture 1 : An earthquake
Picture 2 : A forest fire

Read and Reflect

Disaster And Disaster Management In India Plus One Summary Question 1.
Share your thoughts with your friends. Collect ideas from them, and enrich your understanding of the subject.

Plus One English Chapter Disasters And Disaster Management In India Summary Question 2.
Disasters – both natural and man-made cause widespread damage and destruction. It is high time that we became aware of and equipped ourselves to face impending disasters. Here is an essay about disasters and their management in the Indian context.

Braving The Hazards About the Unit:

Disasters, both natural and man¬made, have become very common today. Thousands die each year in disasters. They also cause a lot of destruction and damage. It is necessary to be informed and equipped to face impending disasters. The idea of disaster management is taken up seriously throughout the world.

This unit has 3 texts. One is an essay by Anjana Majumdar about disaster management in India. The 2nd is a short story by A.J. Cronin. The 3rd is a poem by Benjamin Peck Keith about the wreck of the Titanic. In addition, there is a newspaper report and an excerpt from the essay ‘On Courage’ by A.G. Gardiner. The texts and activities aim to make the learners aware of different disasters and to equip them to act promptly in moments of crisis.

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 2 Words and Deeds Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook Words and Deeds Questions and Answers Unit 2

Let’s Begin

And Then Gandhi Came Questions And Answers Question 1.
“Deeds must be an execution of words. Mahatma Gandhi was true to his words in his deeds. His life was a message.” This is what Albert Einstein wrote about Gandhi on his 70th birthday, in 1939:
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi: He was a leader of his people, unsupported by any outward authority. He was a politician whose success did not rest upon craft or the mastery of technical devices but simply on the convincing power of his personality. He was a victorious fighter who always refused to use force. He was a man of wisdom and humility. He was armed with resolve and inflexible consistency. He devoted all his strength to the uplifting of his people and the betterment of their condition. He faced the brutality of Europe with the dignity of a simple human being.

Generations to come, it may be, will scarce believe that such a one as this, ever in flesh and blood, walked upon this earth.

Let’s discuss :

Plus One English And Then Gandhi Came Notes Question 2.
What impression of Gandhiji do you get from the brief description given above? Discuss.
Answer:
The impression I get is that Gandhiji was one of the greatest men the world has ever seen. He did not have any political authority but he was a true leader of the people. He was not a shrewd politician who was a master of all latest technologies, but he impressed people with his powerful personality. He always advocated non-violence. Even the might of England could not defeat this ‘Naked Fakirfrom India’ as Winston Churchill once called him. He was a man of wisdom and humility.

He would never run away from any risk and he was determined to succeed. His ambition in life was giving the people of his country freedom and good life which they could enjoy in peace and brotherhood. He advocated tolerance and he believed that God is one known by different names – Ishwar, Allah, God. All human beings are the sons and daughters of the same Father. Gandhi was not only a nationalist but a great internationalist who believed in the fraternity of the humankind all over the world. Gandhiji is the greatest son of India.

Plus One English And Then Gandhi Came Question Answer Question 3.
What kind of a ‘fighter’ is Gandhi?
Answer:
Gandhi is a fighter who believed in non-violence. He would never give up, fearing defeat. He was even willing to sacrifice his life to attain his goals which he believed to be just and right.

And Then Gandhi Came Text Question Answers Question 4.
‘One must practise what one preaches.’ How far is the statement true of Mahatma Gandhi?
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi always practised what he preached. He strongly believed that “Deeds must be an execution of words.” Empty words never came out of his mouth. If he said something people could be sure that he would do it. He even gave up his life to practise what he preached.

Read and Reflect

And Then Gandhi Came Notes Hss Live Question 1.
Jawaharlal Nehru writes about the timely arrival of Gandhiji to Indian politics. India was in great need of such a leader. Gandhiji was like a beam of light that removed the darkness. Nehru makes a right assessment of Gandhiji in his book ‘Discovery of India’. Here is an excerpt.

“Keep your thoughts positive
because your thoughts become your words
Keep your words positive
because your words become your behaviour.”

Words and Deeds About this Unit:

– Mahatma Gandhi

The theme of this unit is the need for the symbiotic relationship between words and deeds. The unit aims at inculcating the right values through a few examples. It has an essay by Nehru titled “And Then Gandhi Came”, a story written by Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay with the title The Price of Flowers’, translated by Lila Ray, and a poem ‘Death the Leveller’ by James Shirley.

The texts and the activities are designed to help the students to imbibe the values of good citizenship. They also enable them to acquire a strong linguistic foundation.

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 1 Chapter 4 If Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook If Questions and Answers Unit 1 Chapter 4 (Poem)

If (Poem) Textual Activities Questions and Answers

Activity -1 (Read and Respond)

Plus One English Textbook Answers Chapter 4  Question 1.
The first stanza of ‘If’ speaks about the need for self-confidence. Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Yes, I agree. Without self-confidence, nothing worthwhile can be achieved.

If Poem Appreciation Hsslive Chapter 4 Question 2.
What does the poet say about patience?
Answer:
Successful people exercise patience. Without patience, nothing can be got. In English they say, “Slow and steady wins the race’ and ‘Haste makes waste’.

Plus One English Questions And Answers Chapter 4 Question 3.
Explain the poet’s views on honesty and fortitude of character.
Answer:
The poet says that even if people tell lies to you, never follow their examples and start telling lies. A liar is not respected in the society. A liar may succeed temporarily but in the long run he is bound to fail and will be put to shame.

Plus One English If Notes Chapter 4 Question 4.
Lines 5-7 speak about the need for righteous behavior in the face of unrighteousness. How far do you agree?
Answer:
I fully agree with the view that in the face of unrighteous behavior, we should face it with righteous behavior. If somebody is bad, we don’t have to become bad and follow his ways. We should learn to conquer hatred with love.

Plus One English Text Book Answers Chapter 4 Question 5.
What is the poet’s approach to dreams and longings?
Answer:
It is good to dream but we should not let dreams become our master. We can have longings, but we should never take crooked paths achieve them. We can think — but thinking is not ouraim. Our aim is to act and achieve.

Plus One English If Questions Answers Chapter 4 Question 6.
The poet believes that success comes from self control and a true sense of the value of things. Express your views on this.
Answer:
I fully agree with the poet’s views on these aspects. Success comes from self-control and a true sense of the value of things. We should know that all that glitters is not gold. Without self-control we will go astray. Unless we know the true value of things, we may spend our time and energy trying to get things that have no true value. Appearances can be deceptive.

Plus One English Textbook Activity Answers Chapter 4 Question 7.
‘Never breathe a word about your loss. ’ What impression do you get about the poet when you read this?
Answer:
I feel that the poet is a strong-willed person. He can keep his secrets. He does not want people’s sympathies. He has fortitude and courage to suffer his adversities without sharing them with others.

Plus One English Textbook Solutions Chapter 4 Question 8.
What is the message conveyed in the last stanza of the poem?
Answer:
You can talk with the .crowds, but you should not become one of.them and lose your virtue. Even when you walk with kings, you should not lose sight of the ordinary people. You should be beyond getting hurt by your enemies or friends. All kinds of people should be able to count upon you for help. You should forgive and never rush to punish the offender. If you can do all these things you can enjoy on this earth as if you are its master.

Activity – II (Read and Reflect)

If Poem Appreciation 11th English Hsslive Chapter 4 Question 9.
What is the central theme of the poem?
Answer:
The central theme of the poem is the qualities of greatness or the traits of a perfect man.

Plus One Scert English Textbook Solutions Chapter 4 Question 10.
What, according to the poem, are the two impostors of life?
Answer:
According to the poem the two impostors of life are Triumph and Disaster.

Plus One English Chapter If Questions And Answers Chapter 4 Question 11.
What, according to the poet, should be one’s attitude to unexpected loss?
Answer:
According to the poet one’s attitude to unexpected loss should be one of indifference. Triumphs and Tragedies are part of life. Don’t be overjoyed at the successes and don’t be dejected at the failures. If you happen to have a loss, don’t tell anyone. Accept it with fortitude.

Plus One English Unit 1 Questions And Answers Chapter 4 Question 12.
What is the poem about? (Consider the speaker, theme, symbols, comparisons, contrasts and conflicts.)
Answer:
The speaker here is a father. He is speaking to his son about the qualities that are needed to become a successful man, a perfect man. The theme is the attainment of perfection. To make his ideas clear, the speaker has used many symbols. There are symbols like ‘pitch-and-toss’ (suggesting gambling), ‘force heart, nerve and sinew’ (suggesting gathering of strength) and ‘sixty seconds worth of distance run’ (suggesting delayed reaction). There are fine contrasts in ‘triumph and disaster’, ‘kings and common people’ and ‘friends and foes’. There are conflicts in ‘risking it on one turn of pitch-and-loss’ and ‘loving friends hurting you’.

Question 13.
Identify the poetic form, figurative language and poetic structure.
Answer:
It is a lyrical poem with four stanzas consisting of four octaves (a group of eight lines). The poem is in rhyme although the rhyming scheme is different in various stanzas. In the first stanza it is aaaa, bcbc. The poet has figurative language with a lot of metaphors, personification, parallelisms, climaxes, etc. It is a didactic poem telling us what to do and what not to do to enjoy life and to be a perfect man.

Question 14.
When the poet says, ‘If you can dream – and not make dreams your master, he is personifying dreams, i.e. dreams are spoken of as masters who can control our lives. In this case, dreams assume a human role/qualjfy.
Answer:
Pick out other expressions where the poet uses personification.
a) Triumph and disaster treated as impostors.
b) Will which says ‘Hold on’.

‘Unforgiving minutes’ is a metaphoric expression as it refers to time that waits for no man; it is like a race where every second is important.

Now, identify other metaphoric expressions used in the poem.

Deal in lies, twisted by knaves, one heap of all your winnings, breathe a word, unforgiving minute, sixty second’s worth of distance

Question 15.
What do knaves represent?
Answer:
Knaves represent dishonest people.

Question 16.
What other symbols are used in the poem ‘If’?
Answer:
a) Deal in lies
b) Making one heap of all your winnings
c) Risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss
d) Breathe a word
e) Force your heart, nerve and sinew

Notes:

1. Personification : Speaking of things and animals as if they are persons with human traits and qualities. Example: Death steals our life; he is very cruel.
2. Metaphor: A metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing or person is spoken as another. Example: K.S. Chitra is a nightingale.
3. Symbol : A symbol is an object that represents an idea, image or an action. We see different symbols on our roads to warn us. Example: Red Light is the symbol of danger.

Activity – III (Appreciation)

Question 17.
Based on the responses you have got, prepare an appreciation of the poem ‘If ’ (Consider theme, language, style, figures, symbols, relevance)
Answer:

The poem ‘If is written by Rudyard Kipling. Kipling is an English short-story writer, poet and novelist. He is chiefly known for his stories and poems about the British soldiers in India. He also wrote stories for children.

In the poem a father tells his son how to be happy and how to be a perfect man. So many conditions have to be fulfilled if one is become perfect man. He should not lose his head, even when others around him have lost theirs. He has to trust himself when all people doubt him. He should wait and shouldn’t be tired of waiting. When people tell him lies, he should not follow their example. People may hate him but he should not hate them. He should not try to look too good and try to talk too wise.

He should dream, but should not make dreams his master. He should think but shouldn’t make thoughts his aim. He should view Success and Failure equally. Even when the results of his hard work are destroyed, he should get ready to build them. He should not tell others about his losses. He should persevere, always being optimistic. He should keep talking with the crowds but maintain his virtue. He can walk with kings but shouldn’t lose the common touch. Neither his friends nor his enemies should be able to hurt him. All men should be able to count on his help. He should forgive people who have offended him. If he can do all these things the Earth and everything in it is his and he will then be a man.

The poem is in rhyme and it has good sound effects. It has fine imagery, The mood is one of joy and optimism. The language used is simple. There are a lot of symbols and figures of speech in the language, especially personification.

The message of the poem is to be happy and successful in life. The poem talks of conditional fulfilment. If certain conditions, as specified in the poem, are fulfilled, one can be a perfect man, enjoying his life. ‘If is the most famous poem of Kipling. It attracted nation-wide attention. It soon became a very popular qnthem.

Activity – IV (Conditionals/lf Clause)

In the poem ‘If we find so many ‘If clauses. ‘If clauses are called conditional clauses.

Answer:
Here is the list of ‘If Clauses in the poem:
If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs and blaming it on you, ….
if you can trust yourself when all men doubt you
If you can wait and not be tired of waiting,
If you can dream,…
If you can think, …
If you can meet with triumph and disaster, ….
If you can bear to hear the truth, …”
If you can make one heap of all your winnings, …
If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew,…
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, ….
If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you, ….
If all men count with you, ….
If you can fill the unforgiving minute

Usually, there are three common patterns with ‘If which are often called first, second, and third conditionals.

Answer:
The first type is called Probable or Likely or Open condition.
The second type is called Improbable or Unlikely or Imaginary condition.
The third type is called Impossible or Unreal Past condition.
We make these conditions by changing the tenses in the clauses.

→ Let us take one example:
a) If you call, I will come. (Probable) (If clause Present tense, Main Clause Future)
b) If you called, I would come. (Improbable) If clause Past, Main Clause Conditional).
c) If you had called would have come (Impossible) If Clause – Past Perfect, Main clause Conditional Perfect.

→ Here is the formula:
If – present, Main Clause Future (Probable)
If – past, MC Conditional (Improbable)
If- past perfect, MC Conditional Perfect (Impossible)
Now Look at the examples given in the Text on p. 33.

Let’s Practise

Question 18.
Complete the conditional sentences to get the full story.

Once upon a time, a cat bit a mouse’s tail off. ‘Give me back my tail,’ said the mouse. And the cat said, ‘Well, I would give (give) your tail back, if you fetched me some milk. But that’s impossible for a little mouse like you.’

The mouse, however, went to a cow. ‘The cat will only give (give/ only) me back my tail if I fetch her some milk.’

And the cow said, ‘Well, I would give you some milk, if you ______________ (get) me some hay. But that’s impossible for a little mouse like you.’

The mouse, however, went to a farmer. ‘The cat will only give my tail back if the cow ______________ (give) me some milk. And the cow ______________ (only/ give) me some milk if I get her some hay.’ And the farmer said, ‘Well, I would give you some hay if you ______________ (bring) me some meat. But that’s impossible for a little mouse like you.’

The mouse, however, went to a butcher. ‘The cat will only give my tail back if the cow ______________ (give) me some milk. And the cow will only give me some milk if she ______________ (get) some hay. And the farmer ______________ (only/ give) me some hay if I get him some meat.’ And the butcher said, ‘Well, I would give you some meat if you ______________ (make) the baker bake me a loaf of bread. But that’s impossible for a little mouse like you.’

The mouse, however, went to a baker. ‘The cat ______________ (give/ only) my tail back if I fetch her some milk. And the cow ______________ (give/ not) me some milk if I don’t get her some hay. And the farmer will only give me some hay if the butcher ______________ (have) some meat for him. And the butcher will not give me some meat if you ______________ (bake/ not) him a loaf of bread.’

And the baker said, ‘Well, I ______________ (give) you a loaf of bread if you promise never to steal my corn or meal.’

The mouse promised not to steal, and so the baker gave the mouse a loaf of bread; the mouse gave the butcher the bread. The butcher gave the mouse some meat; the mouse gave the farmer the meat. The farmer gave the mouse some hay; the mouse gave the cow the hay. The cow gave the mouse some milk; the mouse gave the cat the milk. And the cat gave the mouse her tail back. But imagine what would have happened otherwise: If the mouse had not promised (promise/ not) never to steal the corn or meal, the baker would not have given (not/give) the mouse the bread.

If the baker ______________ (not/ give) the mouse the bread, the butcher ______________ (refuse) to give her the meat for the farmer.

If the butcher ________________ (refuse) her any meat, the farmer ________________ (not be) willing to give the mouse the hay. If the farmer ________________ (not/ be) willing to give the mouse the hay, the mouse ______________ (not/ receive) the milk from the cow. If the mouse ______________ (not/ receive) the milk from the cow, she ______________ (not/ get) back her tail.
Answer:
got, gives, will only give, brought, gives, gets, will only give, made, will only give, will not give, has, don’t bake, will give.
had not given, would have refused, had refused, would not have been willing had not been, would not have received, had not received, wouldn’t have got

Extended Activities

Activity -1 (Read and Respond)

Question 19.
Read the extract from the newspaper article:

Teacher’s Pride

Many of the old teachers of the University College in the city would have felt a thrill of pride and joy, on reading in the newspapers the news that their old student Arun M. Kumar has been selected by President Obama to a very important post in his government. Arun is now Assistant Secretary and Director-General of the United States and Foreign Commercial Service, International Trade Administration, in the Department of Commerce. The President has spoken appreciatively of the new team he has chosen.

A rare honour, indeed, and well-deserved recognition of merit. Arun did his three-year undergraduate course in Physics in the University College. I taught that class their English prose. It was a very bright class, with some of the students brilliant without any self-consciousness of their brilliance. And Arun was among the most brilliant. Well-read in many subjects, keen in understanding, quick, sensitive, and cultured beyond his years in his responses, it was a privilege and a pleasure to have him in my class, and sometimes, to discuss things with him outside the class. Over the years, as his mind matured, his sense of language had become fine – a sure pointer to deeper changes. Confined to my academic pursuits, I know little about the wider world of Arun’s enterprises. To see him trusted with the intricate problems of international finance is enough to make me feel that his choices and decisions were right.

Arun and his friends were responsible for starting the Science Society of Trivandrum for the benefit of school children. It has done a lot of good to school students, both in terms of financial help and academic training.

List out the special qualities you have noticed in one of your classmates:
Answer:
Brilliant, cheerful, sociable, hardworking, well read, sensitive, generous, sociable, humble, cultured, has initiative, humorous, optimistic My friend John is liked by all the students in the class. He is brilliant and he always gets the top marks and the teacher is never tired of praising him.

John comes from a wealthy family. His father is a magistrate and his mother is a lecturer in a college. But he is very humble and he never shows off to others. He is always cheerful and has a smiling face. He is well-read and hardworking. His general knowledge is great. He is a voracious reader and he seems to know about all things underthe sun, and even beyond! He is very generous and is always willing to help the weak.

He is very sociable. He is polite and respectful to teachers and elders. He always greets them when he meets them. He is cultured in his behaviour. He is very humorous and he has the knack of telling very amusing stories. He is optimistic and a strong believer in God. He has many leadership qualities and he takes initiatives in many things. John is an ideal student.

Activity – II (Cohesive Devices – Practice)

Question 20.
Fill in the blanks using the appropriate cohesive device from the ones given in brackets.
1. All the assignments should be submitted on time, …………………, they wilt not be evaluated.
2. The price of petrol has gone up considerably in the last few years …………………, the sale of cars has not seen any decrease.
3. Cycling is a good exercise …………………, it helps you to save money, (however, moreover, consequently)
4. Desktop computers are cheaper and more reliable than laptops; …………………, they last longer. (whereas, furthermore, alternatively)
5. There is a stiff competition between mobile phone companies to win customers …………………, they are slashing prices to attract customers, (as a result, in contrast, in conclusion)
Answer:
1. Otherwise
2. However
3. Moreover
4. Furthermore
5. As a result

Activity – III (Documentary):

Question 21.
Prepare a presentation on the life and works of an eminent person who has overcome many obstacles/difficulties and become successful in life.
Answer:
Helen Keller : She was an American lecturer and writer who overcame severe physical disabilities, inspiring many other people to similar accomplishments. Deaf and blind from the age of 19 months, Keller learned to communicate with the help of her teacher, Anne Sullivan. Sullivan taught Keller to read Braille and to “listen” by feeling a speaker’s face. Keller graduated from Radcliffe College in 1904 and authored a number of books about her experiences.

Helen Keller (1880-1968 was born on June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama, the daughter of well-to-do parents: Arthur Keller, a former officer in the Confederate army, and Kate Adams. When 19 months old, Helen was stricken with an acute illness that left her deaf and blind. In a short time, she forgot the few words she knew and became silent. She made use of signs to get what she wanted, but when her parents or the family servants did not understand her, her frustration found an outlet in screaming and tantrums. In the 1880s people who were both deaf and blind were classified in law as idiots.

A doctor who examined Keller, however, thought that her intelligence could be developed. On the advice of Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, who was also a teacher of deaf people, Keller’s parents got a teacher for the Blind. The teacher’s name was Anne Mansfield Sullivan (later Macy). Thus began an association that lasted until Sullivan’s death in 1936.

Sullivan’s first task was to break through the barrier of darkness and silence that surrounded the child.

She succeeded in that. Two years later she was reading and writing fluently using the Braille system. When Keller was tert, she begged to relearn how to speak. At first this seemed impossible, but Sullivan discovered that Keller could learn sounds by placing her fingers on her teacher’s larynx and sensing the vibrations. The moving account of how Sullivan taught her to speak is told in Helen Keller’s The Story of My Life (1902).

In 1900, Keller entered Radcliffe College. Four years later she graduated with honors to worldwide acclaim and decided to devote her life to helping blind and deaf people. Through her essays and articles in major magazines and newspapers, Keller explained the problems encountered by people who are deaf and blind and the responsibilities of society. In addition to The Story of My Life, she published Optimism, or My Key to Life (1903), The World I Live In (1908), and Out of the Dark (1913).

In her desire to help people like her, Keller also began to travel and lecture throughout the world, enlisting the aid of many famous people she met. Philanthropist Andrew Carnegie gave her an annual income, writers Mark Twain and Robert Louis Stevenson sang her praises, and nearly every U.S. president of her time invited her to the White House. She received many honors. Helen Keller is one of the best examples of people who have overcome severe handicaps and become world-famous.

Activity – IV (Collection):

Question 22.
Collect inspiring speeches of great persons like Martin Luther King, Swami Vivekanda, Winston Churchill, Jawaharlal Nehru, etc. Make a presentation based on the common factors in the speeches.
Answer:
Standing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered what is regarded today as one of the greatest speeches in American history. Here is an excerpt from his speech: “I Have a Dream”.

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.’

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of ‘interposition’ and ‘nullification—one day right there in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight; ‘and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.’

In all the speeches of the above great people, we can find some common factors. One is patriotism. Patriotism is the love of one’s motherland. The country of one’s birth is his mother and he should love her and work for her progress. In case of a need, he should be even ready to sacrifice his life for this motherland.

Another common factor is the love for liberty, freedom. Man is born free and he should have his freedom to enjoy his life. Political freedom, economic freedom, and religious freedom are essential for the proper growth of a person. No country should be ruled by other countries.

Another factor that is common among the speeches of these great men is a fraternity and universal brotherhood. In the pledge, we assert, “All Indians are my brothers and sisters”. This pledge should not be limited to words. In deeds, we must show that we are true to our words.

All great men preach internationalism and universal brotherhood Even as we preach nationalism, we must be internationalists. We all know that we may have different colors. The Europeans may be white, the Africans may be black, the Asians might be brown or yellowish, but all of them have red blood! Whether you are Christian, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, or Jew, your emotions are the same. That is why we say, “Tickled we laugh; pricked we cry”. So we must love humanity. Gandhi is the Father of our nation, but he was also a great internationalist.

If (Poem) About the Author:

– Rudyard Kipling

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) is an English short-story writer, poet, and novelist. He is chiefly known for his stories and poems about the British soldiers in India. He also wrote stories for children. “If” is the most famous poem of Kipling. It attracted nationwide attention. It soon became a very popular anthem.

IF (Poem) Summary

Here a father is advising his son:
Stanza 1: Maintain your coolness when people around you have lost it and blame you for the situation. Trust yourself when all people doubt you, but give allowance for their doubting. Wait and don’t be tired of waiting. When people tell you lies, don’t follow their example. People may hate you but don’t hate them. Don’t try to look too good and don’t try to talk too wise.

Stanza 2: You should dream, but do not make dreams your master. You should think but don’t make your thoughts your aim. You should view Success and Failure equally. You may say truths but dishonest people may twist them and use them to trap fools. You worked hard to get certain things done, but you find them broken. Then you get ready to build them up using old tools.

Stanza 3: Collect all your winnings and risk them on one turn of the dice. You may lose the entire thing. But start again without telling anybody about your loss. Continue doing your work even when others have abandoned theirs. Continue to hold on even you have nothing left except your will.

Stanza 4: Keep talking with the crowds but maintain your virtue. Walk with kings but don’t lose the common touch. Neither your friends nor your enemies should be able to hurt you. All men should be able to count on your help. But nobody should expect too much from you. You should forgive people who have offended you. If you can do all the above things the Earth and everything in it is yours and you will then be a man.