Plus One

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One Malayalam Textbook Answers Unit 3 Ullariv Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One Malayalam Textbook Answers Unit 3 Ullariv

Ullariv Questions and Answers

Ullariv Summary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 2 Chapter 1 And then Gandhi Came Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 2 Chapter 1 And then Gandhi Came (Essay)

And then Gandhi Came Textual Questions and Answers

Plus One English Unit 2 Chapter 1 Question 1.
What is referred to as the ‘ail powerful monster’?
Answer:
The anger, humiliation and hopelessness felt by the Indian people after World War I was the ‘all powerful monster’ and they could not escape from its grip.

Plus One English Unit 2 Questions And Answers Chapter 1 Question 2.
What was the impact of the First World War?
Answer:
The First World War had a terrible impact on the Indian people as they were cut off from the land and could not do any kind of manual or technical work. This resulted in growing unemployment and poverty and the people felt helpless and hopeless.

Unit 2 Words And Deeds Chapter 1 Question 3.
What does Nehru mean by ‘And then Gandhi came…’?
Answer:
The Indians were in a state of darkness because of their hopelessness and they had no one to guide them. It was at this point that Gandhi came into their lives and gave them hope and showed them a way out of the darkness.

Hss Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 4.
What was the essence of Gandhi’s teaching?
Answer:
The essence of his teaching was fearlessness and truth. He wanted all actions to be controlled by these values so as to help the common people. He also said that people should not be exploited, especially the peasants and the workers, as this resulted in poverty and misery.

Plus One English Textbook Activity Answers Unit 2 Chapter 1 Question 5.
What does the word ‘abhaya’ mean?
Answer:
‘Abhaya’ means fearlessness. It does not mean just physical courage but the absence of fear from the mind.

Hsslive Guru English Plus One Chapter 1 Question 6.
What did Gandhiji exhort the people to do?
Answer:
Gandhiji exhorted the people not to be afraid. The British ruled India through putting fear into people – fear of the army, the police, the secret service, the official class, laws, prison, landlord’s agent, moneylender, unemployment and starvation. Gandhi wanted to remove this fear.

Plus One English Words And Deeds Chapter 1 Question 7.
What did Gandhiji do to remove fear from the minds of the people?
Answer:
He told the people not to be afraid. Fear builds its ghosts which are more fearsome than reality itself. When reality is calmly analysed and its consequences willing accepted, fear goes away. Suddenly the black film of fear was removed from the people’s minds. The need for falsehood and secretive behaviour was lessened.

Hsslive Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 8.
Why was Gandhiji compared to a psychologist?
Answer:
Gandhiji was compared to a psychologist because he brought a psychological change in people. A psychologist probes deep into the patient’s past to find out the origins of his complexes. Gandhiji did the same. He probed deep into the minds of Indians and exposed the needlessness of fear. They were made to feel ashamed for accepting an alien rule that had degraded and humiliated them. They were now filled with a desire not to submit to the repressive rule any longer.

Plus One English And Then Gandhi Came Question Answer Chapter 1 Question 10.
What, according to Gandhiji, is the truth?
Answer:
Truths are relative and absolute truth is beyond us. Different persons take different views of truth and each person is powerfully influenced by his own background, training, and impulses. Gandhi believed that truth is what an individual himself feels and knows to be true.

Plus One English And Then Gandhi Came Notes Chapter 1 Question 11.
How did Gandhiji influence the people of India?
Answer:
Gandhi influenced the people of India in different degrees. Some people changed completely. Some changed only partly. Different people reacted differently. But everyone was influenced one way or the other.

And Then Gandhi Came Questions And Answers Chapter 1 Question 12.
What was the two-fold action involved in Gandhiji’s exhortation?
Answer:
One action involved challenging and resisting foreign rule. The other action involved fighting against our own social evils like untouchability and differentiation of social classes.

Plus One English And Then Gandhi Came Chapter 1 Question 13.
What was the visible change in the value system of the country?
Answer:
Gandhi wanted people to give up their titles given by the British. Although not many people gave up their titles, the prestige associated with the titles lessened. The pomp and splendour associated with the viceroy’s court was seen as foolish. Rich men were now not anxious to show off their riches any more. They adopted simpler ways of dressing and became almost indistinguishable from the common people.

And Then Gandhi Came Chapter Question Answers Chapter 1 Question 14.
What was the influence of Gandhiji in the villages?
Answer:
Gandhiji sent leaders to the villages to awaken the peasants. The peasants were shaken up and began to come out of their shell.

Hss Live Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 15.
What was the India of Gandhi’s dream?
Answer:
He wanted an India where the poorest should feel that it was their country. They should have an effective voice in the ruling. He wanted India not to have class distinctions. He wanted India to be a place whew people lived in perfect harmony. There was no room for untouchability, intoxicating drinks and drugs. Women were to have equal rights with men.

Plus One English Chapter And Then Gandhi Came Chapter 1 Question 16.
What, according to Gandhiji, was the essential culture of India?
Answer:
Indian culture, according to Gandhiji, is neither Hindu nor Islamic but a fusion of all. Although proud of his Hindu inheritance, Gandhiji tried to give Hinduism a kind of universal attire that included all religions within the fold of truth. He refused to narrow his cultural inheritance.

And Then Gandhi Came Answers Chapter 1 Question 17.
What was the psychological revolution that Gandhiji brought about?
Answer:
Gandhiji was an astonishingly vital man full of self-confidence and unusual kind of power. He fascinated the masses of India as he stood for equality and freedom of each individual. He attracted them like a magnet. To them he seemed to link up the past with the future and make the bad present appear as a stepping stone for a future of life and hope.

Activity -1 (Note making)

Plus One English Notes And Then Gandhi Came Chapter 1 Question 1.
Make a note of the above passage. Read the passage again and complete the following:

Answer:

The uncertain condition of India	Humiliation Unemployment Poverty Desperation
The arrival of Gandhiji	Saw political freedom taking a new shape. Removed the black pall of fear. Truth followed fearlessness. People wanted freedom. Villagers were made aware of the exploitation.
His teachings and methods	Fearlessness Truth Giving up British given titles Non-violence Non-cooperation
His two fold action	Challenging and resisting foreign rule. Fighting against our own social evils: Minority problem. Raising Depressed classes. Removing Untouchability.
The molding of India	Even the poorest shall feel that it is their own country.
According to Gandhi’s	All communities shall live in perfect harmony.
Wishes and ideas	There will be no class distinctions. No untouchability, no intoxicating drinks and drugs.
The amazing qualities of Gandhiji	Full of confidence Unusual kind of power Astonishingly vital Exemplary leadership

Activity – II (Think and Write)

Question 2.
How did Gandhi enlighten the freedom fighters? What kind of a leadership did Gandhiji take? What was the effect of his leadership? (Answer in a paragraph of 100 words.)
Answer:
When Gandhi came India was in a bad shape. Humiliation, unemployment, poverty and desperation were everywhere. When Gandhiji came things changed. Through his confidence, unusual power, astonishing vitality and exemplary leadership, Gandhi influenced millions of people in India in varying degrees. Some changed completely; others were affected only partly. His call for action was two-fold. One involved in challenging and resisting foreign rule. The other was fighting against our own social evils. His principal aims were freedom through peaceful means, national unity, solution of minority problems, improvement of the depressed classes and the ending of untouchability. The effect of his leadership was electrifying. People were no more willing to suffer under foreign domination. They wanted freedom and they were willing to make any sacrifice for it.

Activity – III: (Speech)

Question 3.
In connection with Gandhi Jayanthi, your school is organizing a programme to propagate the relevance of Gandhian values in the present day. Prepare and deliver a speech before the class. (Hints: peace, fearlessness, truthfulness, influence.)
Answer:
My dear friends,

As you all know, today we are celebrating Gandhi Jayanthi. We are proud that a man like Gandhiji was born in India and he is our Father of the Nation. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbandar in Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He was educated in law at University College, London. In 1891, after having been admitted to the British bar, Gandhi returned to India and attempted to establish a law practice in Bombay. Two years later he went to Durban, South Africa, as a legal advisor. Arriving in Durban, Gandhi found himself treated as a member of an inferior race. He was appalled at the widespread denial of civil liberties and political rights to Indian immigrants to South Africa. He threw himself into the struggle for elementary rights for Indians. Later he returned to India and fought for India’s freedom which finally came on 15 August 1947.

Gandhi is man of peace. He always advocated non-violence. He was known for his fearlessness. That is why he could fight with a mighty power like the British. He was always guided by truthfulness. He influenced millions of people in India in varying degrees. Some changed completely; others were affected only partly. Different people reacted differently and each one had his own answer about the change. His call for action was two-fold. One involved in challenging and resisting foreign rule. The other was fighting against our own social evils. His principal aims were freedom through peaceful means, national unity, solution of minority problems, improvement of the depressed classes and the ending of untouchability.

Gandhi was not just a national figure but an international one. In 1948 he was killed by a fanatic named Nathuram Godse. When he died, Nehru said that The light has gone away from India’. On the 70th birthday of Gandhiji, in 1939, this is what Albert Einstein said about him: “Generations to come, it may be, will scarce believe that such a one as this, ever in flesh and blood, walked upon this earth.

As we celebrate Gandhi Jayanthi, we us pledge that we will follow the path of peace, fearlessness, truthfulness and tolerance which guided Ganhiji all his life. That is the greatest tribute we can pay him. Jai Hind!

Activity – IV (Group Discussion)

Question 4.
‘Women will enjoy the same rights as men … This is the India of my dreams’, Gandhi said. Conduct a group discussion on the topic.
Answer:
Today we are going to have a discussion on equal rights for men am&vomen. Neha, you can start.

Neha : Gandhiji has rightly said that women should enjoy the same rights as men. This is still a dream in India after 68 years of independence. Women form 50 % of the population and by denying them their rights we are obstructing the development of the country. Women should have equal rights as men.

Riya : I agree with Neha that women need equal rights and opportunities for growth .Only when women are treated at par with men the country develop. You can see that all the developed nations in the world treat their citizens equally whether they are male or female. It shows that the a country’s progress depends on all its citizens.

John : I would like to disagree with the view. Men and women have not been created the same. So they do not have to be treated equally. Men are physically stronger than yvomen. They can do strenuous work which women cannot do. So as they are more powerful physically they should not be treated the same as women.

Abraham : Though I agree with John that men are physically stronger than women, I do not think that women are inferior to men. God has given different faculties to each person. Women are adept in certain areas like nursing, education, childcare as they are more sensitive. So men and women may be different but they have skills and mental faculties unique to each gender so all people in a country should have equal rights.

Neha : I would fully agree with Abraham. Women should enjoy the same rights as men. This was Ganhiji’s dream and we ought to do whatever we can to realise his dream.

Activity – V (Letter to the Editor)

Question 5.
Read the sample letter on below:

Refer to three national dailies of a week and analyse how the issues related to women are presented.

Question 6.
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, about the way in which women’s issues are presented.
Answer:
From
Riya Binoy
Thekkudan House
Irinjalakuda, Thrissur Dt.
Pin 680125
31st July 2014

To
The Editor
The Dawn
Kochi

Sir,
I would like to use your esteemed paperto shed some light on the way women’s issues are presented in our national dailies. Each Newspaper has its own style of presenting news. Some newspapers like to sensationalise things. They blow up every minute detail of the sordid stories related to women trying to increase readership and sales by playing to the fantasies of their readers. There are other papers who project the women as the cause for the trouble and treat the issue in a heartless manner causing undue pain and humiliation to the victims of abuse. Instead of sensitizing the public to the issues faced by women and ways to combat them, newspapers seem to thrive like parasites on the unhappiness and misery of women. It is high time that issues related to women are treated in a sensitive way. Newspapers should ensure that a woman’s dignity and reputation is not hurt in any manner and they should be agents of change, educating the public in treating women with the respect they deserve.

Yours truly,
(Sd /-)
Riya Binoy

Activity – VI (Concord)

Concord means agreement between the subject and the verb in a sentence. A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Study the language tips.

• When a singular subject and a plural subject are joined by either…or, neither…nor, etc., the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it.
  e.g. Ram or his brothers go home every month.
• When two subjects are joined by ‘as well as,’ ‘more than,’ and ‘as much as,’ the verb agrees with the first subject.
  e.g. The girls, as well as their teacher, have left.
• When two subjects are joined by ‘with,’ ‘along with,’ ‘together with,’ ‘in the company of,’ ‘in addition to,’ ‘besides,’ ‘accompanied by,’ etc., the verb agrees with the first subject.
  e.g. My friend, with all his students, has arrived.
• One of/each of/every one of/either/neither of + plural noun (pronoun) carries a singular verb.
  e.g. One of the players was selected for the national team.
• When every or each is used with two singular subjects connected by and, we use a singular verb.
  e.g. Every school and college has a playground.
• A (good/great) deal (of) + singular noun + singular verb.
  e.g. A good deal of time was wasted on this case.
• When ‘one’ means ‘anyone’, ‘everyone’, it is called the ‘indefinite one.’ The indefinite one is not usually replaced by any
  other pronoun.
  e.g. One should do one’s duty for one’s country.
• Expressions like ‘five pounds’, ‘ten rupees’, ‘two weeks’, ‘three miles’, etc. are singular when they are thought of as indicating a single amount, period or distance.
  e.g. Five rupees is not a big sum.
  Three weeks is not a long time.
• ‘A lot (of)’ takes a singular verb when it denotes amount, and a plural verb when it denotes number.
  e.g. A lot of money is spent on construction.
  A lot of petitions have been received.
• Nouns like ‘furniture, machinery, equipment, traffic, luggage, crockery, cutlery, clothing’, etc. are called class collectives. Though plural in meaning, they are singular in form, and are followed by singular verbs.
  e.g. The furniture was bought from Italy.
• Plural words and phrases used as the titles of books take singular verbs.
  e.g. Great Expectations is one of Dickens’ great novels.
• The determiners ‘this’ and ‘that’ go with singular nouns, and ‘these’ and ‘those’ with plural nouns.
  e.g. This girl speaks English better than these boys.

Question 7.
Choose the correct alternative.
Answer:
1. Either Rajesh or his friends have come, (has, have)
2. Neither of us likes coffee, (likes, like)
3. The boy, along with the tourists, has gone, (has, have)
4. Five miles is not a short distance, (are, is)
5. Everyone of you has to attend the meeting, (have, has)

Question 8.
Correct the following sentences.
Answer:
1. Each of the employees is working hard.
2. One of the students is absent today.
3. Neither Lai nor his relatives have arrived.
4. One of us has bought a globe.
5. Neither the man nor his wife is very careful.
6. The books placed on the table need binding.
7. There are a lot of people waiting outside.
8. The police is closely watching all his movements.
9. The price of vegetables is going up.
10. Keep all the luggage in the cloak room, (note: Luggage is a class collective and so does not take ‘s’.)

Activity – VII ( Word finder)

Question 9.
Let’s see how the meaning of the word ‘ pierce’ is given in the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.
What are the items given in this entry?

• Spelling
• Pronunciation /………./
• ……………………..
• ……………………..
• ……………………..

Answer:

• Spelling
• Pronunciation /pjbs/
• Meaning and word class or part of speech
• An example to show the usage
• Other meanings, examples and parts of speech.

Question 10.
The words given below are taken from the passage.
Refer to a dictionary and find out the meaning and the parts of speech of the following words and make your own sentences.

Word	Part of speech	Meaning	Sentences
convince pervasive attires dismal vicious

Answer:

Word	Part of speech	Meaning	Sentence
convince	verb	Make somebody feel certain	My brother was convinced by Ram’s story.
Pervasive	adjective	Spread through every part	Corruption is pervasive in the world today.
Attires	noun	dress	The girls went to hotel in their party attires.
Dismal	adjective	Sad; gloomy; miserable	The movie was a dismal one.
Vicious	adjective	Evil and corrupt	Drugs are vicious and they finally lead people to death.

Read and Reflect
The ties of human relationships are very strong. They are so complex that we can’t explain them. Words and deeds have a comforting effect and they strengthen relationships. The following story shows the power of words.

And Then Gandhi Came About the Author:

– Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India. He promoted democracy, socialism, secularism and unity. He adapted modern values to the Indian situation. He was a great writer and he wrote world-famous books like The Discovery of India’, ‘Glimpses of World History’ and ‘An Autobiography’. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour.

And Then Gandhi Came Summary

World War I finally ended. But the peace, instead of bringing us relief and progress, brought us repressive legislation and martial law in Punjab. People felt humiliated and were angry. Yet what could we do to change this vicious process? We seemed to be in the grip of some powerful monster. Our minds and our limbs were paralysed. There were many people without any employment and there was extreme poverty. They did not know where to look for help. Neither the old leaders nor the new ones gave them any hope.

The big question was how to pull India out of this bad situation. For many years our people have been offering their ‘blood and toil, tears and sweat’. Now the body and soul of India were in bad shape. Every aspect of our life was poisoned.

And then Gandhi came. He was like a powerful current of fresh air. He was like a beam of light that pierced the darkness de was like a whirlwind that upset many things, especially the minds of the working-class people. He did not come from top. He emerged from the millions of India. He spoke their language.

He asked the exploiters to get off the backs of the peasants and workers. He asked them to remove the system that produces poverty and misery. Political freedom took a new meaning. Many of the things Gandhiji said were not accepted by all people. The essence of his teaching was fearlessness and truth. He always kept the welfare of the masses in view. Our great ancient books tell us that fearlessness is the greatest gift for an individual or a nation. Fearlessness does not mean just bodily courage but absence of fear from the mind. The British ruled India through putting fear into us – fear of the army, the police, the secret service, the official class, laws, prison, landlord’s agent, moneylender, unemployment and starvation. Gandhi wanted to remove this fear. He told the people not to be afraid. It was not easy to free the people from fear.

However, Gandhiji was able remove the fear from the mind of the people to a great extent. Fear is a close companion to falsehood. But truth follows fearlessness. It is not that all the Indians became truthful overnight, but there was visible change in their behaviour. It was a psychological change and people did not need the support of falsehood any more.

There was also a psychological reaction among the people. They were ashamed they were ruled by foreigners who degraded and humiliated them. They had a desire to free themselves from this shameful situation, whatever might be the consequences. Gandhi was always there as a symbol of uncompromising truth.

What is Truth? Truth seems to differ from person to person. My truth may not be your truth. Absolute truth is beyond any one of us. Different people take different views about truth and each person is influenced by his background, training and feelings. We can however say that for an individual truth is what he himself feels and knows to be true. I do not know of any person who holds to the truth as Gandhi does.

Gandhi influenced millions of people in India in varying degrees. Some changed completely; others were affected only partly. Different people reacted differently and each one had his own answer about the change.

His call for action was two-fold. One involved in challenging and resisting foreign rule. The other was fighting against our own social evils. The principal aims of the Congress were freedom through peaceful means, national unity, solution of minority problems, improvement of the depressed classes and the ending of untouchability.

The main supports of the British rule were fear, prestige, the co-operation of the people and certain classes that benefited from the British rule. Gandhi attacked these. He asked the title-holders to give up theirtitles. Only a few responded. But the popular respect for the British-given titles disappeared. New standards and values were set up. Suddenly the luxury and the glory of the viceroy’s court looked very ridiculous. Rich men became reluctant to show off their riches. Many adopted simplerways and in their dress they were almost undistinguishable from the ordinary people.

He sent us to the villages and countryside with many new messages of action. The peasants began to come out of their shells. The effect on us was also great. For the first time we saw the villager in his mud-hut, with poverty always following him. We learnt Indian economics more from these visits than from books. The emotional experience was great and there was no going back to our old life and our old standards.

What kind of India did Gandhiji want? He said he would work for an India where the poorest shall feel that it is their country. In its making they will have an effective voice. There will be no high classes and no low classes here. All communities should live in harmony. There will be no untouchability. There will be no intoxicating drinks and drugs. Women will enjoy the same rights as men. Although he was proud of his Hindu inheritance, he tried to make it universal which would include all religions within its fold. He said Indian culture is neither Hindu, Islamic nor any other, completely. It is a mixture of all. He wanted the culture of all lands to be blown about his house as freely as possible. But he refused to be blown off his feet by any. He said he refused to live in other people’s houses as an intruder, a beggar or a slave. Although he was influenced by modern thoughts, he never let go his roots.

Gandhiji was full of vitality and self-confidence. He had an unusual kind of power. He stood for equality and freedom for each individual. He fascinated the masses of India and attracted them like a magnet. Forthe people, he seemed to be a link between the past and the future making the bad present a stepping stone for a future life of hope. He brought about a psychological revolution not only in his friends but also in his enemies and even the neutrals who would not decide what to think and what to do.

And Then Gandhi Came Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One Malayalam Textbook Answers Unit 4 Chapter 6 Shasthrakriya Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One Malayalam Textbook Answers Unit 4 Chapter 6 Shasthrakriya

Shasthrakriya Questions and Answers

Shasthrakriya Summary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 2 Chapter 3 Death the Leveller Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 2 Chapter 3 Death the Leveller (Poem)

Death the Leveller (Poem) Textual Questions and Answer

Activity -1 (Read and respond)

Death The Leveller Appreciation Hsslive Chapter 3 Question 1.
Why does the poet think that the glories of our blood and state are shadows?
Answer:
The poet thinks that the glories of our blood and state are shadows because they are not substantial or concrete things. They don’t last.

Hss Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 3 Question 2.
What do ‘sceptre and crown’ and ‘scythe and spade’ stand for and what do they symbolize?
Answer:
Sceptre and crown stand forthe royal glory, splendour and power of rulers. Scythe and spade stand forthe tools of workers. Sceptre and crown symbolizes kings (authority) whereas scythe and spade symbolize ordinary people (the masses).

Death The Leveller Summary In Malayalam Chapter 3 Question 3.
Why does the poet say that ‘there is no armour against fate’?
Answer:
The poet says that ‘there is no armour against fate’ because death comes to everyone. Nobody can resist it. No armour will protect you against death.

Death The Leveller Textual Questions And Answers Chapter 3 Question 4.
‘Some men with swords may reap the field’- What does this mean?
Answer:
It means some powerful conquerors might attack other lands and occupy them. Alexander the Great, Napoleon and Hitler are good examples of such mighty men.

Death The Leveller Poem Chapter 3  Question 5.
What is the fate of the men with swords who hope to reap the field?
Answer:
They also die, as they have to bend before fate. All are captives of the mighty Death.

Hsslive Guru English Plus One Chapter 3 Question 6.
What does ‘Death’s purple altar’ refer to?
Answer:
It refers to the inevitable death. It also refers to the battle grounds where blood flows and the ground are made purple with the colour of blood. Thus it means bloodshed.

Death’s Purple Altar Chapter 3 Question 7.
What does the phrase ‘victor-victim’ mean?
Answer:
It is means the conqueror and the conquered, the triumphant and the defeated, the master and the slave.

Death The Leveller Appreciation In Malayalam Chapter 3 Question 8.
What can survive death ? What are the things that blossom in the dust? Why?
Answer:
The actions of the just, the good deeds of the righteous people, can survive death. The good actions blossom in the dust because people will remember them and the aroma of the good actions will continue to waft in the air.

Death The Leveller Poem Meaning In Malayalam Chapter 3  Question 9.
Why death is called the Leveller?
Answer:
Death is called the Leveller because Death shows no distinction and he carries off everybody alike – high and low, rich and poor, strong and weak – reducing them all to dust. He is an equalizer in whose eyes everybody is equal. He levels everybody to one size!

Activity – II (Read the reflect)

Plus One English Chapter Chapter 3 Question 10.
Elaborate the ideas in the following lines:
Answer:
i) Only the actions of the just Smell sweet and blossom in the dust.
All people have to die. Kings and clowns, scholars and illiterates, rich and poor, high and low – all will die and become dust. But the actions of the good people will be remembered as they continue to waft their aroma even from the dust.

ii) The glories of our blood and state
Are shadows, not substantial things;
There is no armour against Fate.
The glory or our birth and our condition are simply like shadows, not substantial, not concrete, not things that will last for long. There is no way we can escape from death. Whether we are born high or low, whether we are powerful or not death will come to us and no shield of any kind will protect us from death.

Plus One English Poem Of Appreciation Chapter 3 Question 11.
The following words are taken from the poem. Parse (Describe the grammatical function) them.
Answer:

• Armour – noun
• wither – verb
• But – Conjunction
• tame – verb
• Murmuring – adjective
• stoop – verb
• Boast – verb
• tumble – verb
• Where – adverb
• reap – verb
• Cold – adjective
• boast – verb
• Sweet – adverb
• bleeds – verb

Activity – III (Analysis)

Malayalam Poem About Death Chapter 3 Question 12.
Examine the rhyme scheme of the poem. What effect does it produce?
Answer:
The rhyme scheme of the poem is: ababccdd It give the poem a highly musical quality.

Couplet: A couplet consists of two lines of poetry that rhyme with each other and are of the same length: e.g. “Sceptre and crown Must tumble down,”

Question 13.
Can you identify more couplets from the poem?
a) “Early or late ,
They stoop to fate”
b) “ murmuring breath
creep to death”
c) “actions of the just
blossom on their dust”

Figures Of Speech : Study the notes given on page 69.
Identify the figure of speech in ‘Death lays icy hands on kings’ – Personification Pick out example of metaphor, metonymy and oxymoron in the poem.
Answer:
Metaphor:
i) glories are shadows. It shows the transient and insubstantial nature of glory.
ii) Actions of the just smell sweet: The actions of the just are flowers.

Metonymy :
i) sceptre and crown means kings, rulers or people with high authority.
ii) scythe and spade = ordinary people

Oxymoron : victor-victim bleeds. Normally it is only the victims that bleed.

Activity – IV (Appreciation)

Question 14.
Men are mortal. Triumph and failures are part and parcel of life. However, we have to think of the consequences of our action before we do something. The effect of our mistaken deeds cannot often be rectified.

Think and add your views : Life is a mixture of pleasure and pain. There are ups and downs in everybody’s life. We should not be overjoyed in our success. In the same way we must feel too dejected in our failures. We have opportunities to do good and bad. If we do good things, posterity will remember us as good people. But if we do bad things, people will curse us even after our death. So our aim should be to live exemplary lives and help others to live their lives in a good way.
Answer:
Now attempt and appreciation of the poem : The poem ‘Death the Leveller’ by James Shirley is a fine poem that teaches us a god lesson. It says that our earthly glories are mere shadows. There is no shield against Fate. Death comes to all. Even the mightiest will be levelled with the poorest by Death, who is a leveller. Some men may make big conquests but their strong nerves finally become weak. Finally they also die as poor, pale prisoners of fate. So do not boast about your great actions. On the altar of death victor and the vanquished bleed alike. However great you are, your head must come to the cold tomb. Only the good actions of the just people will be remembered by posterity.

The poem has fine imagery. The poet has used many figures of speech like simile, metaphor, metonymy and oxymoron. These figures make the poem very interesting. The poem is in rhyme with the scheme ababccdd. It has a fine rhythm and it is very melodious.

The poem has a fine message: Death levels everyone. He treats all alike. All, kings and clowns, scholars and the illiterate, the rich and the poor, end up in dust. So we should not boast about our capabilities and achievements. We should remember that all of us are children of God and we all go back to the same dust. Death is a great leveller.

Activity – V

Question 15.
Preparing a Class Magazine (To be done by the students).

Death the Leveller (Poem) About the Author

– James Shirley

James Shirley (1596-1666) is known as the last of Elizabethans. He wrote a lot for the stage. He published four small volumes of poems and plays.

‘Death the Leveller’ is a funeral song. It asks the readerto think about human actions. The subject-matter of the poem is vanity and the impermanence of earthly glory and power. Death shows no distinction and he carries off everybody alike – high and low, rich and poor, strong and weak – reducing them all to dust. It is only the memories of the good deeds during our lifetime that will last forever.

Death The Leveller Summary

Stanza 1 : The glories of our blood and state are shadows. They are not concrete things. There is no armour against Fate. Death lays his cold hands even on kings. Sceptre and Crown, the symbols of a king, will fall down and they will be made equal with the sickle and spade, the tools and symbol of poor people.

Stanza 2: Some men may reap the fields with sword and plant fresh victories where they kill. But their strong nerves finally become weak. Early or late they have bend low before their fate and must give up their breath. Finally they also die, as poor, pale prisoners of fate.

Stanza 3 : The garlands on your brow dry up. So do not boast about your great actions. Upon the purple altar of death the victor and the vanquished bleed alike. However great you are, your head must come to the cold tomb. Only the good actions of the just people will flower in the dust and smell sweet.

Message: Death levels everyone. He treats all alike. All, kings and clowns, scholars and the illiterate, the rich and the poor, end up in dust.

Death The Leveller Glossary

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Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One Hindi Textbook Answers Unit 1 Chapter 1 अनुताप Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One Hindi Textbook Answers Unit 1 Chapter 1 अनुताप

Anuthap Hindi Chapter प्रश्न 1.
‘उसे शाक-सा लगा’ क्यों?
अनुताप
“बाबूजी आइए…… मैं पहुँचाए देता हूँ।”
एक रिक्शेवाले ने उसके नज़दीक आकर कहा,
“असलम अब नहीं आएगा।” “क्या हुआ उसको?”
रिक्शे में बैठते हुए उसने लापरवाही से पूछा। पिछले
चार-पाँच दिनों से असलम ही उसे दफ्तर पहुंचाता रहा था।

“बाबूजी, असलम नहीं रहा…”
“क्या?”
उसे शाक-सा लगा,
“कल तो भला चंगा था।
“उसके दोनों गुर्दो में खराबी थी, डाक्टर ने रिक्शा
चलाने से मना कर रखा था,”
उसकी आवाज़ में गहरी उदासी थी,
“कल आपको दफ्तर पहुंचाकर लौटा तो पेशाब बंद हो
गया था, अस्पताल ले जाते समय उसने रास्ते में ही दम तोड़ दिया था ……”
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 2.
इनके साथ हमदर्दी जताना बेवकूफ़ी होगीयहाँ यात्री का कौनसा मनोभाव प्रकट हो रहा है?
उत्तर:
श्रमिक वर्ग के प्रति उपेक्षा का मनोभाव और सहजीव के प्रति संवेदना हीनता का मनोभाव।

प्रश्न 3.
वह किसी अपराधी की भाँति सिर झुकाए रिक्शे के साथ-साथ चल रहा था, क्यों?
उत्तर:

अनुताप अनुवर्ती कार्य

ये प्रसंग किन-किन पात्रों से संबंधित हैं?

प्रश्न 4.
i) उसे शाक-सा लगा। उसकी
ii) आवाज़ में गहरी उदासी थी।
iii) उसने रास्ते में ही दम तोड़ दिया।
iv) कल की घटना उसकी आँखों के आगे सजीव हो उठी।
v) एकबारगी उसकी इच्छा हुई कि रिक्शे से उतर जाए।
vi) किसी कार के हार्न से चौंककर वह वर्तमान में आ गया।
vii) उसके लिए यह चढ़ाई खास मायने नहीं रखती थी।
viii) वह अपराधी की भाँति सिर झुकाए चल रहा था।
उत्तर:
i) यात्री को शाक-सा लगा।
ii) रिक्शेवाले की आवाज़ में गहरी उदासी थी।
iii) असलम ने रास्ते में ही दम तोड़ दिया।
iv) कल की घटना यात्री की आँखों के आगे सजीव हो उठी।
v) एकबारगी यात्री की इच्छा हुई कि रिक्शे से उत्तर जाए।
vi) किसी कार के हार्न से चौककर यात्री वर्तमान में आ गया।
vii) रिक्शेवाले के लिए यह चढ़ाई खास मायने नहीं रखती थी।
viii) यात्री अपराधी की भाँति सिर झुकाए चल रहा था।

प्रश्न 5.
यात्री का मन संघर्ष से भरा था। वह अपना संघर्ष डायरी में लिख रहा है। वह डायरी लिखें।
उत्तर:

2014 माच 5. बुधवार

नटराज नगरः
आज मेरे लिए बड़ा मानसिक संघर्ष का दिन है। रिस्शेवाला असलम की मृत्यु की खबर सुनकर मैं व्याकुल हो गया। असलम के प्रति मुझसे हमदर्दी का अभाव हुआ। मेरा दिल पश्चाताप से उत्पन्न अनुताप से भरा है। नटराज टाकीज़ के पास की चढ़ाई पार करते समय मुझे असलम की रिक्शे से उतरना था। मैं नहीं जानता था कि असलम के गुर्यों में खराबी थी। मज़बूत कदकाठी रिक्शेवाले से हमदर्दी से मैंने ज़रूर व्यवहार किया। फिर भी मेरा आत्मसंघर्ष मैं कैसे निकालूँ?

असलम के प्रति मेरी श्रद्धांजलि…. हे भगवान! मुझे माफी दें….. भगवान मुझे अच्छी नींद दें।

Hsslive Guru Plus One Hindi Notes प्रश्न 6.
असलम की मृत्यु की खबर
उत्तर:
पत्नी : लगता है आप बड़ी परेशानी में हैं?
यात्री : हैं… हाँ… आप ने ठीक समझी।
पत्नी : क्या हुआ?
यात्री : एक रिक्शावाला…
पत्नी : रिक्शावाला?
यात्री : मैं बताता हूँ।
पत्नी : हाँ…हाँ… क्या नाम है उसका?
यात्री : असलम।
पत्नी : आप और असलम के बीच….
यात्री : असलम की मृत्यु हो गयी।
पत्नी : अरे बापरे! कैसे?
यात्री : उसके दोनों गुदों में खराबी थी।
पत्नी : हे भगवान! तो?
यात्री : मैंने यह न जानकर उससे….
पत्नी : उससे?
यात्री : रिक्शा चला कर बिना हमदर्दी से व्यवहार किया।
पत्नी : आह!
यात्री : मैं पश्चाताप विवश हूँ।
पत्नी : मैं समझ सकती हूँ।
यात्री : पश्चाताप से उत्पन्न अनुताप से…..
पत्नी : अनुताप से…
यात्री : मेरे मन ने….,
पत्नी : साफ बताईए….
यात्री : मुझे उदास बना लिया है।
पत्नी : हाँ….हाँ… मैं ने अब समझ ली आप की परेशानी का कारण।
यात्री : मैं क्या करूँ?
पत्नी : चिंता छोडिए। असलम के परिवार के लिए कुछ हम कर देंगे।
यात्री : जरूर! आप एक चाय बनाईए।
पत्नी : जी हाँ….. अब तैयार होगा।

प्रश्न 7.
असलम के प्रति अपना व्यवहार
उत्तर:
यात्री अपराधी ही है। यह इसलिए है कि असलम के प्रति यात्री द्वारा दिखाई गयी उपेक्षा के कारण असलम की मृत्यु हो गयी थी।

प्रश्न 8.
हमदर्दी का अभाव
उत्तर:
अनुताप
सालों के बाद मैं उस दिन की याद में आत्मकथा लिखता हूँ। असलम नामक एक रिक्शावाला मुझे दफ्तर ले जाता था। एक दिन दफ्तर जाते समय असलम का साथी रिक्शावाले से मैंने समझा कि असलम मर गया है। असलम के दोनों गुर्दो में खराबी थी। डॉक्टर ने रिक्शा चलाने से उसे मना कर रखा था। मुझे यह नहीं मालूम था। यह न जानकर मैंने असलम से रिक्शा चलाया। रिक्शे में बैठ कर चढ़ाई पर मैंने उसे बड़ी परेशानी दी।

रिक्शा चलाते हुए असलम धीरे-धीरे कराह रहा था। बीच-बीच में एक हाथ से पेट पकड़ लेता था। दाहिना हाथ गद्दी पर जमाकर असलम बड़ी कठिनाई और परेशानी से चकाई पर रिक्शा खींच रहा था। वह बुरी तरह हाँफ रहा था। उसके गंजे सिर पर पसीने की नन्हीं नन्हीं बूंदें दिखाई देने लगी थीं। लेकिन असलम के प्रति मेरे व्यवहार में हमदर्दी का बड़ा अभाव हुआ था। आज सालों के बाद भी मेरे मन से असलम की दयनीय अवस्था का चित्र न मिट जाता। मेरा मन पश्चाताप से उत्पन्न अनुताप से आज भी भर रहा है। असलम! आप को मेडी श्रद्धांजली क्षमायाचना के रूप में मैं समर्पित करता हूँ।

प्रश्न 9.
पश्चाताप से उत्पन्न अनुताप
उत्तर:
मित्र : अरे! आप क्यों इतना उदास हैं?
यात्री : मैं…. उदास….
मित्र : हैं… हाँ… बड़ी उदासी मैं हैं आप
यात्री : आप ने ठीक समझा।
मित्र : अरे! बापरे! क्या हुआ?
यात्री : एक रिक्शावाला…
मित्र : हाँ…हाँ… क्या नाम है उसका?
यात्री : असलम।
मित्र : आप और असलम के बीच….
यात्री : असलम की मृत्यु हो गयी।
मित्र : अरे बापरे! कैसे?
यात्री : उसके दोनों गुदों में खराबी थी।
मित्र : हे भगवान! तो?
यात्री : मैंने यह न जानकर उससे….
मित्र : उससे?
यात्री : रिक्शा चला कर बिना हमदर्दी से व्यवहार किया।
मित्र : आह!
यात्री : मैं पश्चाताप विवश’हूँ।
मित्र : मैं समझ सकता हूँ।
यात्री : पश्चाताप से उत्पन्न अनुताप से…..
मित्र : अनुताप से…
यात्री : मेरे मन ने….
मित्र : साफ बताईए….
यात्री : मुझे उदास बना लिया है।
मित्र : हॉ….हाँ… मैं ने अब समझ लिया आप की उदासी का कारण।
यात्री : मैं क्या करूं?
मित्र : चिंता छोडिए। असलम के परिवार के लिए कुछ कर दीजिए।
यात्री : जरूर।

डायरी की परख, मेरी ओर से

प्रश्न 10.
घटना की सूचना है।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 11.
संवेदना की अनुभूति है।

प्रश्न 12.
आत्मसंघर्ष की अभिव्यक्ति है।

प्रश्न 13.
आत्मपरक शैली है।
उत्तर:
कहानी
ii) अलारक्खी क्यों हताश थी?
iii) उपर्युक्त अंश का संक्षेपण करें।
iv) अलारक्खी के उस दिन की डायरी कल्पना करके लिखिए।
v) उपर्युक्त अंश केलिए उचित शीर्षक दें।

नीचे दिए मुद्दों के आधार पर अनुताप शीर्षक की सार्थकता पर अपना विचार प्रकट करें-

प्रश्न 14.
पाठ के केंद्र भाव को सूचित करता है।
उत्तर:
अनुताप’ शीर्षक बिलकुल सार्थक है। पाठ का केन्द्रभाव यात्री का अनुताप ही है। इसको यह शीर्षक ठीक सूचित करता है। पाठ पढ़कर चरमसीमा तक पहुँचने के लिए शीर्षक हमें प्रेरित करता है। पाठ का संक्षिप्त हम शीर्षक से समझ सकते हैं। इन कारणों से अनुताप शीर्षक सार्थक और संगत है।

प्रश्न 15.
चरमसीमा तक पढ़ने को प्रेरित करता है।

प्रश्न 16.
संक्षिप्त, पर स्पष्ट है।

प्रश्न 17.
सार्थक एवं संगत है।

प्रश्न 18.
निम्नलिखित पाठभाग का अनुवाद मातृभाषा में कीजिए:
आगे वह कुछ नहीं सुन सका। एक सन्नाटे ने उसे अपने आगोश में ले लिया….। कल की घटना उसकी आँखों के आगे सजीव हो उठी। रिक्शा नटराज टाकीज़ पार कर बड़े डाकखाने की ओर जा रहा था। रिक्शा चलाते हुए असलम धीरे-धीरे कराह रहा था। बीच बीच में एक हाथ से पेट पकड़ लेता था। सामने डाक बंगले तक चढ़ाई ही चढ़ाई थी। एकबारगी उसकी इच्छा हुई थी कि रिक्शे से उतर जाए। अगले ही क्षण उसने खुद को समझाया था – रोज़ का मामला है….. कब तक उतरता रहेगा….. ये लोग नाटक भी खूब कर लेते हैं, इनके साथ हमदर्दी जताना बेवकूफी होगी….. अनाप-शनाप पैसे माँगते हैं, कुछ कहो तो सरे आम रिक्शे से उतर पड़ा था, दाहिना हाथ गद्दी पर जमाकर चढ़ाई पर रिक्शा खींच रहा था। वह बुरी तरह हाँफ रहा था, गंजे सिर पर पसीने की नन्हीं-नन्हीं बूंदे दिखाई देने लगी थीं…..।
उत्तर:

प्रश्न 19.
‘उसे शाक-सा लगा’ – क्यों?
उत्तर:
असलम की आकस्मिक मृत्यु की खबर सुनकर और जीवन की क्षणिकता के बारे में सोचकर यात्री को शाक-सा लगा।

प्रश्न 20.
‘उसकी आवाज़ में गहरी उदासी थी। क्यों?
उत्तर:
अपने साथी असलम की मृत्यु के कारण और उसको नष्ट हो जाने के कारण रिकशेवाले की आवाज़ में गहरी उदासी थी।

प्रश्न 21.
‘वह किसी अपराधी की भाँति सिर झुकाए रिक्शे के साथ-साथ चल रहा था’, क्यों?
उत्तर:
अपने सहजीव के प्रति दिखाई गई उपेक्षा से उत्पन्न पश्चाताप के कारण।

प्रश्न 22.
ये प्रसंग किन-किन पात्रों से संबंधित हैं?

a. उसे शाक-सा लगा।
उत्तर:
यात्री से।

b. उसकी आवाज़ में गरही उदासी थी।
उत्तर:
मज़बूत कदकाठी रिक्शेवाले से।

c. उसने रास्ते में ही दम तोड़ दिया।
उत्तर:
असलम से।

d. कल की घटना उसकी आँखों के आगे सजीव हो उठी।
उत्तर:
यात्री से।

e. एकबारगी उसकी इच्छा हुई कि रिक्शे से उतर जाए।
उत्तर:
यात्री से।

f. किसी कार के हार्न से चौंककर वह वर्तमान में आ गया।
उत्तर:
यात्री से।

g. उसके लिए यह चढ़ाई खास मायने नहीं रखती थी।
उत्तर:
मज़बूत कदकाठी रिक्शेवाले से।

प्रश्न 23.
वह अपराधी की भाँति सिर झुकाए चल रहा था।
उत्तरः
यात्री से।

प्रश्न 24.
‘वह किसी अपराधी की भाँति सिर झुकाए रिकशे के साथ चल रहा था।’ अपराधी की भाँति कौन चल रहा था?
उत्तर:
यात्री।

प्रश्न 25.
यात्री सिर झुकाए रिकशे के साथ अपराधी जैसे क्यों चल रहा था?
उत्तर:
असलम के प्रति दिखाई गयी उपेक्षा से उत्पन्न पश्चाताप के कारण।

प्रश्न 26.
यात्री के मनोभाव के साथ ‘अनुताप’ लघुकथा के शीर्षक का कोई संबंध है?
उत्तर:
‘अनुताप’ शीर्षक से बिल्कुल संबंध है। यात्री द्वारा असलम के प्रति दिखाई गयी उपेक्षा के कारण असलम की मृत्यु हो गयी थी। यात्री के मन में इससे उत्पन्न पश्चाताप ‘अनुताप’ शीर्षक से संबंधित है।

प्रश्न 27.
‘वह किसी अपराधी की भाँति सिर झुकाए रिकशे के साथ चल रहा था। यात्री पश्चाताप से विवश होकर अपनी बहन को पत्र लिखता है। प्रस्तुत पत्र तैयार करें।
उत्तर:
स्थान,
तारीख,

प्रिय बहन रमा,
तुम कैसी हो? ठीक हो न? मैं यहाँ पर ठीक हूँ। फिर भी, दो दिनों से मेरा मन बहुत दुःखित है। मेरे परिचय का एक रिक्शवाला था। वह मुझे रोज दफ्तर ले चलता था। उसका नाम असलम है। कल असलम की आकस्मिक मृत्यु हो गयी। उसकी मृत्यु में मेरा भी दायित्व है। उसके दोनों गुों में खराबी थी। लेकिन उसके प्रति मेरी ओर से बड़ी उपेक्षा हो गयी। उसकी मृत्यु केलिए यह भी एक कारण बना। उसके प्रति मुझसे दिखाई गयी उपेक्षा से उत्पन्न पश्चाताप और अनुताप से मेरा मन विवश हो रहा है। असलम के प्रति मेरी श्रद्धांजलि जरूर है। फिर भी, रमा मैं विवश हूँ।

मुझे जवाब देकर सान्तवना देना।

(हस्ताक्षर)
तुम्हारा भाई

सेवा में,
रमा,
गाँधी नगर,
कोच्ची

प्रश्न 28.
सूचनाः यह गद्यांश पढ़कर नीचे दिए प्रश्नों का उत्तर लिखें।
राम और श्याम अनाथ बालक थे। दिन भर काम करके वे जहाँ आश्रय मिलते वहाँ सो जाते थे। वे पढ़े-लिखे नहीं थे। बच्चे स्कूल जाते वक्त वे दोनों बडी इच्छा से देखते थे। एक दिन स्कूल जानेवाले एक बच्चे से उन्होंने अपने पढ़ने का आग्रह बताया। बच्चे ने स्कूल जाकर अपने अध्यापक से सारी बातें बताई। दूसरे दिन अध्यापक, प्रधानाध्यापक से चर्चा करके इन बालकों के पास आया। उनकी दीनता देखकर अध्यापक को बहुत दुख हुआ। उन्होने बालकों के पढ़ने का आग्रह भी समझा। वे उन दोनों को अपने घर ले गए, भोजन और कपडे दिए। स्कूल में भर्ती करवा दिया और रहने का आयोजन भी किया।

i) राम और श्याम के मन में क्या आग्रह था?
उत्तर:
पढ़ने का आग्रह था।

ii) अध्यापक को बहुत दुःख क्यों हुआ?
उत्तर:
राम और श्याम की दीनता देखकर

पढ़ने का आग्रह

अनाथ बालक राम और श्याम अनपढ़ थे। उनके मन में पढ़ने के लिए बड़ी इच्छा थी। उनकी इच्छा समझकरएक स्कूल के अध्यापक उन्हें मुफ्त में पढ़ने का प्रबंध कर दे दिया।

iv) संक्षेपण केलिए उचित शीर्षक दें।
उत्तर:
पढ़ने की इच्छा।

v) बच्चे ने स्कूल जाकर अपने अध्यापक से सारी बातें बताई। बच्चा और अध्यापक के बीच का वार्तालाप तैयार कीजिए।
उत्तर:
बच्चा : अध्यापक जी….
अध्यापक : हाँ…. हाँ… क्या बात है?
बच्चा : आज मैं स्कूल आते समय…..
अध्यापक : हाँ….. आगे बोलो…
बच्चा : दो अनाथ बालकों को देखा …..
अध्यापक : ओहो ……. फिर?
बच्चा : वे हमारे स्कूल में……
अध्यापक : स्कूल में?
बच्चा : पढ़ना चाहते हैं।
अध्यापक : अरे बापरे!
बच्चा : आप कृपया इनकी सहायता कीजिए।
अध्यापक : मैं प्रधान अध्यापक से बात करूँगा।
बच्चा : धन्यवाद गुरुजी।
अध्यापक : तुम क्लास जाओ।
बच्चा : जी गुरुजी।

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