Plus One

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Paper 2017

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• You are not allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• All questions are compulsory and the only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Question 1.
Vinod took a loan of र 1,00,000 from Canara Bank. Identify the debtor in the above transaction

Question 2.
Writing off the cost of intangible assets is te­rmed as …………..
a. depreciation
b. depletion
c. amortization
d. obsolescence

Question 3.
Which one of the following is NOT a feature of Ready-to-use accounting software?
a. It is suited to small organizations.
b. A volume of accounting transactions is very low
c. Cost of installation is high.
d. A number of users is limited.

Question 4.
Classify the following assets under appropri­ate heads.

a. Cash
b. Machinery
c. Land
d. Stock

Question 5.
“A Balance Sheet is more reliable than state­ment of affairs”. Explain.

Question 6.
Classify the following into input devices and output devices.
a. Keyboard
b. Printer,
c. Mouse
d. Monitor

Question 7.
Give any two limitations of computerized ac­counting systems.

Question 8.
a. Write a suitable entity for the attributes given below
Account Code,
Account Name
b. Also, identify the key attribute to that en­tity.

Question 9.
a. Mention the name of the reserve that is created out of revenue profits.
b. How does it differ from capital reserve?

Question 10.
Opening stock र 18,000
Purchases र 22,000
Wages र  5,000
Closing stock र 15,000
a. Ascertain cost of goods sold.
b. How is gross profit, if sales are? 37,500

Question 11.
Write any two data types in MS-Access with suitable examples.

Question 12.
Match the following

A		B
a.	Closing stock valued at cost or market price whichever is less	i	Objectivity Principle
b.	Every transaction will have two aspects	ii.	Money measurement concept
c.	All business events not recorded in the accounting	iii.	Dual aspect concept
d.	Accounting information should be free from bias	iv.	Principle of conserva­tism

Question 13.

• Started business with cash र 85,000 and stock र 15,000.
• Sold goods for cash र 10,000.

a. Prove that the accounting equation is sat­isfied in the above transactions.
b. Also, pass the journal entries to record the above transactions

Question 14.
Purchases day book was undercast by र 3,000.
Wages paid र 500 in connection with pur­chase of machinery has been debited to wages account.
a. Identify the type of errors committed in the above transactions.
b. Pass the entries to rectify it.

Question 15.
On 1st January. 2016 Arun drew a 3 months bill upon Varan for र 6000. On 3rd January 2016, Arun discounted the bill with his banker @ 6% per annum. The bill was honored on the due date.
a. Identify the drawer in the above bill.
b. Record the necessary journal entries in the books of Arun and Varan.

Question 16.
The cashbook of Manu showed a debit bal­ance of र 18,000. On comparing cash book with Passbook, the following differences were noted.
a. Cheque issued but not yet presented for payment र 4,000.
b. Bank charges debited in the passbook र 500.
c. Cheques sent to the bank for collection but not yet collected र 3,000.
d. Rent collected and credited by the bank र 3,500.

1. 1. Name the statement Manu will prepare in order to reconcile balance as per cash book with passbook,
   2. Prepare that statement to reconcile it.

Question 17.
Sethu a dealer in books had the following tran­sactions for the month of June 2016.
a. Purchased books on credit from Himalaya Publishers:
100 copies of Accountancy Text for Class
@ र 150 per text.
80 copies of Business Studies Text for Cla­ss XI
@ र 120 per text.

b. Purchased books on credit from Saradhi Books:
90 copies of Accountancy Text for Class
@ र 180 per text
75 copies of Business Studies Text for Cla­ss XII @ र140 per text Trade discount allowed 5%.

c. Returned to Saradhi Books :
8 copies of Accountancy Text for Class XII
@ र 180pertext.
15 copies of Business studies Text for Cla­ss XII
@ र140 per text.

1. Record the above transactions in the ap­propriate daybooks.
2. Identify the source document for recording the transaction no. (c) above.

Question 18.
The following is the Trial Balance of Kiran, a trader as on 31 st December 2016.

Additional information:
a. The closing stock was valued at ? 10,000.
b. Carriage outstanding? 500.
c. The commission received in advance? 700.
d. Provide 5% of debtors for bad debts.
Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss account for the year ended 31 st December 2016 and a Balance Sheet as on that date.

Answers

Answer 1.
Vinod-Debtor

Answer 2.
amortization

Answer 3.
c. Cost of installation is high.

Answer 4.
Current Assets – Cash, Stock
Fixed Assets – Land, Machinery

Answer 5.

• In the Balance sheet, the balance of assets,
• The balance sheet is prepared under the double entry system. A statement of affairs is pre­pared from incomplete records.

Answer 6.
Input devices: Keyboard, Mouse
Output devices Printer,’Monitor

Answer 7.
Limitations of CAS:

• The high cost of training
• Staff opposition
• Discretion
• System failure
• Breach of security
• Inability to check unanticipated errors
• ill effect or health

Answer 8.
a. Entity – Account
b. Key Attribute – Account code\code

Answer 9.
a.Revenue Reserve/General Reserve
b. Difference between capital Reserve and General Reserve:

1. Capital Reserve created out of Capital pro¬fit, Revenue Reserve created out of Rev¬enue profit
2. Capital Reserve – For compliance of legal requirements
   Revenue Reserve – Strengthen financial position
3. Capital Reserve – cannot be utilised for .dis¬tribution of dividend
   Revenue Reserve – Can be utilised for dis¬tribution of dividend

Answer 10.
a. Cost of goods sold = Opening stock + Net
purchases + Direct exp – closing stock Cost of goods sold
= 18000 + 22000 + 5000-15000 = 30,000 b. Gross Profit = Cost of goods sold – Net sales = 37500-30000 = 7500

Answer 11.
a. Text – It can be a name
b. Date/time: -Birthdate

Answer 12.
a. a-Principle of Conservatism(iv)
b. b – Dual aspect concept (iii)
c. c – Money measurement (ii)
d. d – Objectivity principle (i)

Answer 13.
a. Assets = Liability + capital
Cash + Stock

1. 1. 85000+15000 = 0 + 1,00,000
   2. 10,000-10,000=0+0
      95000 + 5000 = 0+1,00,000

Answer 14.
a. i. The error of commission/be sided Error
ii. The error of principle/two-sided Error

Answer 15.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.

b.Debit Note

Answer 18.

Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Paper 2018

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘cool off time of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 hrs.
• Use the ‘cool off time’ to get familiar with the questions and to plan your answers.
• Read the instructions carefully
• Read questions carefully before you answering.
• Calculations, figures, and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Malayalam version of the questions is also provided.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except non-programmable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Answer all questions from question number 1 to 9. Each carries score.

Question 1.
Notebooks purchased by a stationery shop comes under……..
a. Assets
b. Income
c. Purchases
d. Liabilities

Question 2.
Fill in the blank.
………….A/c Dr.
To Thomas & Co.A/c
(Purchased Machinery from Thomas & Co.)
a. Purchase
b. Cash
c. Machinery
d. Goods

Question 3.
Ramesh, a dealer of Television, sold old furniture to Rafeeque for Rs. 3,000 on credit. Identify the day book to record this transac­tion.
a. Purchase day book
b. Journal proper
c. Sales day book
d. Cash book

Question 4.
Bank Reconciliation Statement is prepared by…..
a. Bank
b. Depositor
c. Creditor
d. Debtor

Question 5.
Rent paid Rs.4,500 was entered in cash book as Rs. 5,400. This is an error of…..
a. Principle
b. Omission
c. Compensating error
d. Commission

Question 6.
…………….reserve is not shown in the Bal­ance Sheet.
a. Secret
b. General
c. Revenue
d. Capital

Question 7.
James sold goods for Rs. 10,000 to Rajeev and a promissory note was prepared for a period of 2 months and endorsed to Raheem. Who is the drawer of the promissory note?
a. James
b. Rajeev
c. Raheem
d. None of these

Question 8
……………….. account is prepared by a trader, who does not maintain the double entry system of accounting, to find out the value of credit purchase.
a. Total creditors
b. Total debtors
c. Bills receivable
d. Bills payable

Question 9.
Find the odd one out.
a. Keyboard
b. Mouse
c. MICR
d. Printer

Answer any five from question numbers 10 to 15 Each carries two scores.

Question 10.
Identify the accounting principles related to the following:
a. Purchased 10 kg of raw materials for Rs. 5,000 was entered in the books of account asRs. 5,000.
b. Assets of a business are always equal to the claims of owners and outsiders.

Question 11.
Rectify the following errors.
a. Sold goods for Rs. 7,000 to Sangi & Co., entered in Purchase day book.
b. Rent paid Rs. 4,000 debited to Landlord. account.

Question 12.
Insurance premium of Rs. 6,000 was paid for a period of one year on 1^st April 2015. How the transaction will be treated while preparing fi­nancial statements for the year ending 31^st December 2015?

Question 13.
Write any two features of using computers in accounting.

Question 14.
Match the column A with column B.

Question15.
Write the name of any two attributes of the entity employee in an organization.

Answer any three from question numbers 16 to 19. Each carries three scores.

Question 16.
In a business organization, goods are known in different names. Write the names used for the goods in the following cases.
a. Goods remaining unused at the end of the year.
b. Goods returned by the buyer due to break­age in transit.
c. Goods sold for cash and credit.

Question 17.
Royal Furniture received an order for making a dining table on 10^th May 2017 and they com­plete the work on 15^th July 2017. The dining table was delivered to the customer on 20^th July 2017 and received the payment on 25^th July 2017. On which date this transaction will be recorded in the books of the Royal Furniture? Why?

Question 18.
A Trial Balance is given below. Rewrite it, if there is any mistake.

Question 19.
Write a short note on a key attribute with an example.

Answer any two from question numbers 20 to 22 Each carries four scores.

Question 20.
Prepare Minerva Traders A/c from the following information for the month of December 2017.

Question 21.
Compute the cost of goods sold and gross profit with the help of the following information.

Question 22.
From the following particulars, find out total purchases.

Answer question numbers 23 and 24. Each car­ries five scores.

Question 23.
Prepare a Bank Reconciliation Statement as on 31^st December, 2017.

Question 24.
On 4^th May 2014, Rajan sold goods to Kabheer for Rs. 25,000. Kabheer paid Rs. 5,000 immediately in cash and accepted a bill drawn by Rajan for the balance amount for a period of 2 months. On maturity date, Kabheer requested Rajan to cancel the old bill and to draw a new bill upon him for a period of 3 months. He also agreed to pay interest at 6% p.a.in cash. Rajan to cancel the old bill and to draw a new bill upon him for a period of 3 months. He also agreed to pay interest at 6% p.a. in cash. Rajan agreed and cancelled the old bill and drew a new bill. The new bill was accepted and met by Kabheer on the due date. Pass the journal entries in the books of Rajan.

Question 25.
Prepare a double column cash book from the following transactions for the month of January 20l8.

Question 26.
On 1^st July 2014 M/s. Golden Stores purchased a second-hand plant for Rs. 85,000, spent Rs. 10,000 for its overhauling and Rs. 5,000 for installation. Another plant was purchased on 1^st January 2016 for
Rs. 50,000. It was decided to charge depreciation at 10% on original cost, On July 1^st, 2016, the plant purchased on 1^st July 2014 was sold for Rs. 75,000. Prepare a plant account up to 31^st December 2017.

Answer question number 27, which carries eight scores

Question 27.
The following is the Trial Balance extracted from the books of Arya Traders for the year ended 31^st March 2017.


Additional information:

1. The closing stock was valued at Rs. 45,000.
2. Salaries paid only up to 31^st January 2017.
3. Insurance prepaid Rs. 800.
4. 10% p.a. on debtors.
5. Depreciate building at 5% p.a. and furni­ture at 10% p.a. Prepare Trading and Profit & Loss account for the year end­ed 31^st March 2017 and a Balance Sheet as on that date.

Answer

Answer 1.
a. Purchase

Answer 2.
c. Machinery

Answer 3.
b. Journal proper

Answer 4.
b. Depositor.

Answer 5.
d. Commission.

Answer 6.
a. Secret

Answer 7.
b. Rajeev

Answer 8.
a. Total creditors

Answer 9.
d. Printers

Answer 10.
a. Money measurement concept
b.Dual Aspect / Duality principle
or Accounting equivalent concept

Answer 11.

Answer 12.

Answer 13.
Features in computers in accounting
1. Online input and storage of data, speed, accuracy.
2. Printout of purchase and sales invoices, the codification of accounts, grouping of, accounts, instant reports etc.

Answer 14.
a.Data processing – covert data into information
b. Front-end interface – Link between user and software
c. Reporting system – Pinal output
d. Back-end database – Data storage system.

Answer 15.
Employee ID, Employee Name, Employee Age, Employee sex, Employee Department etc.

Answer 16.
a. Closing stock: It is the amt of inventory that business still has on hand at the end of reporting period.
b. Sales return or Return Inward: Return of goods by the customer ( solid earlier) to the business.
c. Sales: IT is the revenue or income earned by a business through the sale of goods and services.

Answer 17.
Revenue Recognition Concept (Realisation Concept)
The concept says that the revenue for a business transaction should be included in the accounting records at the time when the title of goods passes from seller to buyer, unearned or unrealised revenue should not be taken into account.

Answer 18.
Trial Balance As on 31st March 2017

Answer 19.
Attributes are characteristics of entities that further describes the entity such as height, weight, date of birth, name, ID etc.
The different types of attributes are:

1. Simple or Atomic attributes: Attributes that cannot be further subdivided into smaller parts.
   Eg: height of a person
2. Composite attributes: Attribute that can be subdivided into smaller subparts.
   Eg: Name into First Name, Middle,
3. Single-valued attribute: An attribute with a single value for an entity.
   Eg: Age has an only single value
4. Multi-valued attribute: An attribute with multiple values.
   Eg: Educational qualific­ations
5. Stored attribute: A basic attribute that contains some stored value is called a stored attribute.
   Eg: From the date of birth age is derived.
6. Derived attribute: The attribute derived from a stored attribute is called derived attri­butes
   Eg: From the date of birth age is derived and age is called derived attributes.
7. Complex attribute: A multi-valued attri­bute may be nested or grouped within pare­ntheses ( ) or curly braces { } to constitute a complex

Answer 20.

Answer 21.
Cost of goods sold = opening stock + Purchase + Direct = Expenses – closing stock
= 60000 + ( 30000 – 2000) + 50000 + 10000 -80000
= 60000 + 298000 + 60000 – 80000 = 338000
Gross profit = Sales ( Net) – Cost of goods sold = ( 400000 – 3000) – 338000 = 59000

Answer 22.
Total purchases = Cash purchase + credit purchase. Cash purchase = 47000 Credit purchase

Answer 23.

Answer 24.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.

Plus One Accountancy Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Economics Model Question Paper 4

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer all questions from question numbers 1 to 5. Each carry one score.

Question 1.
Match the columns ‘B’ and ‘C’ with column

Answer all questions from question numbers 2 to 6. Each carries 1 score

Question 2.
The mode can be graphically located by means of…………….

Question 3.
This method is appropriate in cases where informants are literate and are spread over a wide area.

a. Direct personal interview

b. Indirect oral investigation

c. Mailed questionnaire

d. Information from correspondents

Question 4.
What is TANWA?

Question 5.
Inflation is a situation of the general price level.

Question 6.
Who was the first person to discuss the concept of a poverty line

Answer all questions from question numbers 7 to 11. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 7.
Write the features of urban poverty.

Question 8.
Write any two examples each for quantitative and qualitative data.

Question 9.
Name two major sources of human capital in a country.

Question 10.
Distinguish between formal sector workers and informal sector workers.

Question 11.
A data on the annual profit of a firm is given below:

Draw the Arithmetic Line graph (Time Series graph) for the data.

Answer any 6 questions from question numbers 12 to 18. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 12.
Distinguish between primary data and sec­ondary data with examples.

Question 13.
In a city, the weekly observations made in a study on the cost of living index are given in the following table:


Draw a frequency polygon for the above data (without constructing a histogram)

Question 14.
Heights of 10 plants in a garden are given below.

a. Find of the mean height.
b. State the interesting property of A.M.(3)

Question 15.
‘Small scale industries play a vital role in economic development. Write the advan­tages of small-scale industries.

Question 16.
Calculate the arithmetic mean from the following data:

Question 17.
Write the conventional sources and non-conventional sources of energy.

Question 18.
Classify the following features pertaining to the economics of India, China, and Pakistan (One Child norm, very high fertility ratio, commune system, high density of popula­tion, economic reforms in 1988, economic reforms in 1991).

Answer any 4 questions from question numbers 19 to 23. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 19.
Find the odd one out and justify your answer.
a. UGC,NCERT,SCERT,NREGP.
b. Title, Captions, Stubs, Text.
c. Mode, Median, Quartiles, Percentiles.
d. Chemical fertilizers, HYV seeds, Licensing, Irrigation.

Question 20.
Compare the development experience of In­dia, China and Pakistan with reference to demographic indicators, GD.P., growth rate, and development strategies.

Question 21.
The following data shows the daily wages of 11 families.

Question 22.
While preparing a frequency distribution; your friend is confused about inclusive and exclusive classes. Help her to distinguish be­tween them, with examples for each.

Question 23.
The ranks given by two judges to the six par­ticipants of the Kuchipudi competition in the Subdistrict School Kalolsavam, 2012 are Find the correlation between the two judgments.

Answer any 2 questions from question numbers 24 to 26. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 24.
Calculate the correlation coefficient between X and Y and comment on their relationship.

Question 25.
In a survey the monthly income of 230 fami­lies in a village was found as follows:
Find mode.

Question 26.
In India, workers are employed in formal sec­tor and informal sector. Is it necessary to gen­erate gen­erate employment in the formal sector rather than in the informal sector ? Give reasons.

Answer any 2 questions from question numbers 27 to 29. Each carries 8 scores.

Question 27.
The following data shows the marks obtained by 50 students of a class in a test.

Question 28.
Your Economics teacher is planning to form an economic association in your convener from two students. The criteria for selection is the consistency in marks of five class tests in Economics.
The marks are:

Who will be selected as the convener? (Hint: State the answer by finding SD,CV)

Question 29.
Vishnu and Joshy are classmates. Usually, they conduct combine study during holidays. They want to draw a Lorenz curve during the course of their study. Explain the steps required to draw the Lorenz Curve.

Answers

Answer 1.

Answer 2.
Histogram

Answer 3.
b. Direct oral investigation

Answer 4.
Tamil Nadu Women in Agriculture

Answer 5.
Increasing

Answer 6.
Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer 7.
1. Good facility of education, drinking water sanitation etc make the standard of the living of urban people high assets


2. open unemployment is generally found

Answer 8.
Quantitative Data

• Production
• Weight

Qualitative Data

• Nationality
• Gender

Answer 9.
Major sources of human capital in a country they are,

• Investment in Education
• Investment in health
• Migration
• Information

Answer 10.
Formal sectors are an establishment with more than ten workers, they have a high salary, have social security measures, stable employment etc. While in informal sectors are establish­ments with less than ten workers, low wages, No social security measures, No stable em­ployment, etc.

Answer 11.

Answer 12.
Primary Data
It refers to a collection of data, direct from its source of origin. The enumerator i: e, a per­son who collects the data, can collect it by conducting an inquiry or an investigation.

Secondary Data:
It refers to a collection of data by some ag­ency, which already collected the data and processed. The data thus collected is called secondary data. Secondary data can be ob­tained either from a published source such as government reports, documents, news­papers, books written by economists, etc

Answer 13.

Answer 14.

Answer 15.
Small-scale industries are more “labour intensive” ie they use more labour than the large-scale industries and, therefore generate more employment. But these industries cannot compete with the big industrial firms., it is obvious that the development of small-scale industry requires them to be shielded from the large firms. For this purpose, the production of a number of products was reserved for the small-scale industry, the criterion of the reservation is the ability of these units to manufacture the goods. They were also given concessions such as lower excise duty and bank loans at lower interest rates. Therefore it can be concluded that small-scale industries play a vital role in an economy like India.

Answer 16.

Answer 17.
Conventional Source of Energy: The energy sources which cannot be compensated, once these are used ( after their exploit­tion) are termed as conventional energy sources, eg: Coal, Electricity, Petroleum

Non-Conventional Source of Energy: The energy sources which should be renewable and provide a pollution free environment are termed as a non-conventional source of en­ergy. eg: Solar, wind, tidal energy.

Answer 18.
India: High density of population, Economic reforms in 1991

Answer 19.
a. NREGP – All others are institutions for controlling education.
b. Text – All others are related to part of a table.
c. Mode – All others are partitioned values
d. Licensing-AII others are related to green revolution.

Answer 20.
The population of Pakistan is very small and is about one-tenth of China and India. Though China is the largest nation among the three, its density is the lowest. Popula­tion growth is highest in Pakistan, followed by India and China. Sex ratio is low and bi­ased against females in all the three coun­tries. The fertility rate is also low in China and very high in Pakistan. Urbanization is high in both Pakistan and China with India having 28 percent of its population living in urban areas.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.
Inclusive Method
In comparison to the exclusive method, the inclusive method does not exclude the upper-class limit in a class interval. It includes the upper class in a class. Thus both class limits are parts of the class interval.

Exclusive Method
The classes, by this method, are formed in such a way that the upper-class limit of one class equals the lower class limit of the next class. In this way, the continuity of the data is maintained.

Answer 23.

Answer 24.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.
It is necessary to generate employment in the formal sector. The reasons are:

• Acceptance of labour laws
• Formation of trade unions.
• Minimum wage fixation
• High level of monitory gains

Answer 27.

Answer 28.



Since S.D and C.V of Jyothi are less com­pared to Amrutha, Jyothi is considered more consistent. Therefore Jyothi should be selected as convenor according to the criteria.

Answer 29.
1. The size of items or mid-points of classes is cumulated. The cumulative sum of the items is assumed to be 100. All the different cumulative totals are converted into a percentage.

2. Frequencies are also made cumulative. Last cumulative frequency is considered as 100. Other frequencies except the last are converted into a percentage.

3. Cumulative frequencies are plotted on X-axis while cumulative items are plot­ted on the Y-axis.

4. We start on X-axis while cumulative items are plotted on the Y-axis

5. 0 on X-axis and 100 on Y-axis are joined by a line. This line is known as the line of equal distribution.

6. We plot the values on X and Y axis in an ordinary way and the plotted points are joined by a curve. It is the curve of ac­tual distribution.

7. The lesser distance between the line of equal distribution and line of actual distribu­tion shows lesser dispersion and so on.

Plus One Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Economics Model Question Paper 3

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer all questions from question numbers 1 to 6. Each carry one score.

State whether the following statement is true or false. (Q. 1 to Q. 3)

Question 1.
In India, inflation is calculated by using the wholesale price index.

Question 2.
SHG for Social Health Group

Question 3.
More than half of the workforce in India belongs to regular salaried employees.

Question 4.
Find the odd one out
height,weight ,honesty,price,income.

Question 5.
Find out the odd one Growth, Modernization, Equity, Exports

Question 6.
Match column B with column A


Answer questions from question numbers 7 to 11. Each carries two scores.

Question 7.
Name some modem industries which were in operation in our country at the of indepen­dence.

Question 8.
Give two ways of converting government companies into private companies

Question 9.
The activities of Kudumbasree limits in your locality plays an important role in the empowerment of women. How far it will promote the empowerment of women in your own view?

Question 10.
Critically evaluate the shortcomings of the industrial policy pursued by the colonial administrators.

Question 11.
You are asked to study, the problems faced by the rubber cultivators in Kerala. List out the important steps for preparing this project.

Answer any six questions from question numbers 12 to 18.Each carries three scores

Question 12.
Identify the various favorable conditions prevailing in India which make outsourcing possible.

Question 13.
Write three techniques for studying corre­lation.

Question 14.
Calculate the simple aggregative price index for the commodities given below.

Question 15.
China’s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. Do you agree? Elucidate.

Question 16.
Which of the following errors is more serious and why?

Question 17.
Complete the parts of the statistical table given below.

Question 18.
The following table gives the daily income of ten workers in a factor. Find the arithmetic mean.

Answer any four questions from question numbers 19 to 23. Each carries four scores.

Question 19.
Critically evaluate the poverty alleviation programmes implemented in India

Question 20.
Draw a flow chart with different types of sampling

Question 21.
The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted to a hospital during a year.

Find the median age

Question 22.
How do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India?
a. Global warming and ozone depletion
b. Reduction of forest coverage
c. Rising population
d. Air and water pollution

Question 23.
Group the following features pertaining to the economies of India, China, and Pakistan. (One-child norm, very high fertility rate, commune system, high density of population, economic reforms in 1988, economic reforms in 1991).

Answer any two questions from question numbers 24 to 26. Each carries five scores.
Question 24.
“Many developed countries were finding it difficult to maintain the growth rate of even 5%. China was able to maintain nears double­digit growth for more than two decades.” Can you point out the main strategies adopted by China to attain this?

Question 25.
The marks secured by 60 students in an examination are given below.

Question 26.
Mark obtained by 50 students in an examination are given below. Write the frequency distribution of these marks.

8,25,14,7,33,61,78,54,81,27,21,1867,58 55,21,90,74,53,38,42 ,63,7119,20,28,3741 ,85,29,64,79,88,97,19,21,41,77,59,69 52 ,44,75,81,2791,98,39,86,19

Answer any two questions from question numbers 27 to 29. Each carries eight scores.

Question 27.
Krishna is a research student at Cochin University. He is doing research on poverty among slum dwellers. He conducted a pre­test before the actual survey begins. Mention the advantages of conducting such a survey.

Question 28.
To check the quality of two brands of light bulbs, their life in burning hours was estimated as under for 100 bulbs of each brand.

1. Which brand gives higher life?

Question 29.
During the colonial period, industrial progress of India economy was very slow. Give reasons for supporting this statement.

Answer

Answer 1.
True

Answer 2.
False

Answer 3.
False

Answer 4.
Honest

Answer 5.
Exports. Others are objectives of 5 years

Answer 6.

Answer 7.
Cotton textile, Cement Industries, Jute textile, Sugar industries, paper industries.

Answer 8.
1. Disinvestment sales of public sector companies.

2. Withdrawal of the govt from ownership and management of public sector companies.

Answer 9.
Kudumbasree units help empowerment of women in the following manner.

1. Self-employment
2. Microfinancing
3. Critical evaluation
4. Rural poverty eradication

Answer 10.
1. Capital goods industry was absent
2. Indian handicraft industries perished

Answer 11.
Choice of the target group

Answer 12.
Outsourcing is good for India. Because the outsourcing is generated the new employ­ment opportunities in the Indian economy contributed to GDP and has increased the foreign reserve in the country. This is one of the important outcomes of the globalisation process. In outsourcing, a company hires regular service from an external source. Mostly from other countries, which was previously provided internally or from within the country like legal advice, computeri$ervice, ad­vertisement, etc.

Answer 13.
1. Scatter diagram
2. Karl Person Coefficient of correlation
3. Spearman’s rank correlation.

Answer 14.

Answer 15.
Yes, China’s rapid industrial growth can be traced back to its reforms in 1978. This is because reforms in agriculture and establish­ment of infrastructure in the areas of educa­tion and health, land reforms etc. had been taking place with introduced of reforms. In the initial phase, reformers were initiated in agriculture, foreign trade, and investment sec­tors. In the later phase, reforms were initi­ated in the industrial sector. Private sector firms and township and village enterprises were allowed to produce goods. The reform process also involves dual pricing. It was found that establishment of infrastructure in the area of education and health, land re­forms, long existence of decentralized plan­ing and existence of small enterprises had helped positively in improving the social and income indicators in the post-reform period.

Answer 16.
Non-sampling errors are more serious than sampling errors because a sampling error can be minimised by taking a large sample. Even census can contain non-sampling errors.
Type of Non-sampling errors

Answer 17.

Answer 18.

Answer 19.
Critical Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes: Through the policy towards
poverty alleviation has evolved in a progressive manner but gone any radical transformation. Scholars state three major areas of concern which prevent the successful implementation of the programs they are

1. Unequal distribution of land and other assets due to the benefits have been availed by the non-poor.
2. In comparison to the magnitude of poverty, the amount of resources allocated for these programmes is not sufficient.
3. These programs depend mainly on government and bank officials for their

Answer 20.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.
The major greenhouse gases
a. Global warming the major greenhou­se gases (GHGs) consist of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, wa­ter vapor and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These gases allow sunlight to penetrate to the earth’s surface, yet prevent infrared radiant heat from escaping.
b. When forest cover is lost, runoff rap­idly flows into streams, elevating river levels and subjecting downstream vil­lages, cities, and agricultural fields to flooding, especially during the rainy season. During the dry season, such areas downstream of deforestation can be prone to months-long droug­hts which interrupt river navigation.
c. Rapid human population growth has a variety of consequences] Popula­tion grows fastest in the world’s poor­est countries. High fertility rates have historically been strongly correlated with poverty and high childhood mor­tality rates.
d. Air pollution has been linked to health problems like asthma and lung disea­se, as well as the deterioration of the ozone layer (which protects us from harmful UV rays) and the warming of the earth which may destroy the habi­tats of many animals.

Answer 23.
Economy of India

• The high density of population
• Economic reforms in 1991
  Economy of China
• One child form
• Commune system
  Economy of Pakistan
• The very high fertility rate
• Economic reforms in 1988

Answer any two questions from question numbers 24 to 26. Each carries five scores.

Answer 24.
Since 1978, China began to introduce many reforms in phases the reforms were initiated in agriculture foreign trade and investment sector. In agriculture, lands were divided in two small plots which were allocated to individual households, they were allowed to keep all income from the land after paying taxes. At this stage, enterprises owned by government, in India we call them public sector enterprises were made to face competition. In reform price was fixed in two ways,i.e, farmers and industrial units were required to buy and a sell fixed quantities of inputs and outputs on the basis of prices fixed by the government and the rest were purchase and 9old at a market prices Over the years, as production increased, the population of goods or inputs transacted in the market also increased. The goal of Chinese economic re­forms was to generate sufficient surplus to finance the modernization of the mainland Chinese economy. In order to attract for­eign investors, Special Economic Zones were setup.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.
Once the questionnaire is ready, it is advisable to conduct a try Out with a small group which is known as the pilot survey. Advantages of the pilot survey:

Providing a preliminary idea about the survey.
Pre-testing of the questionnaire, so as to know the shortcomings and drawback of the questions.
Assessing the suitability of the questions, clarify the instructions, the performance of enumerators and the cost and time involved in the actual survey.

Answer 28.

Answer 29.

Plus One Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Economics Model Question Paper 2

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer Question number 1, which carries 5 scores.

Question 1.
Match the columns ‘B’ and ‘C’ with column ‘A’

A	B	C
a. Smallscale Industry	Taxation	1955
b. Public Expenditure	Karve Committee	Fiscal Policy
c. Liberalization	Median	NCERT
d. UGC	Privatization	Percentile
e. Quartiles	SCERT	Globalisation

Answer all questions from question numbers 2 to 6. Each Carry 1 score

Question 2.
As per 2009-2010, the State in India incur the highest per capita expenditure on edu­cation is
a. Kerala
b. Punjab
c. Himachal Pradesh
d. Madhya Pradesh

Question 3.
Meeting the needs of the present genera­tion without compromising the needs of the future generation is called
a. economic development
b. social development
c. sustainable development
d. economic growth

Question 4.
Data represented through a histogram can help in finding graphically the……………
a. mean
b. mode
c. median
d. standard deviation

Question 5.
When the coefficient of correlation, r =0, there is
a. positive correlation
b. no correlation
c. negative correlation
d. none of these

Question 6.
Athira plotted the values of two variables X and Y in a scatter diagram as follows. The nature of correlation here is ……………………

a. Perfect positive
b. Perfect negative
c. Positive
d. Negative

Answer all questions from question numbers 7 to 11. Each carries 2 scores.

Question 7.
Name some notable economists who esti­mated India’s per capita income during the colonial period

Question 8.
Compare and constract the terms relative and absolute poverty. Do you think absolute pov­erty exists in your neighbourhood?

Question 9.
In your view, is it essential for the government to regulate the fee structure in educa­tion and health care institutions? Give rea­son in support of your, answer.

Question 10.
Give the names of two government orga­nisations that regulate the health and education sectors in India.

Question 11.
What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.

Answer any 6 questions from question numbers 12 to 18. Each carries 3 scores.

Question 12.
Heights of 10 plants in a garden are given below.


a. Find of the mean height.
b. State the interesting property of A.M

Question 13.
Find the simple aggregative price index for the following selected commodities.


Question 14.
Given below are the seats won by different political parties of a state assembly election.

Political Parties	A	B	C	D	E
Seats Won	75	55	37	29	10

Draw a simple bar diagram to represent the polling results.

Question 15.
Explain the two categories into which infra­structure is divided. How are both indepen­dent?

Question 16.
“During the colonial rule, there was neither growth nor equity in the agricultural sector.”

1. Name the two measures adopted by the policymakers of independent India to resolve this.

2. State the features of any one.

Question 17.
What is sustainable development?

Question 18.
Distinguish between bar diagram and histo­gram.
(Hint: Not to draw diagrams)

Answer any 4 questions from question numbers 19 to 23. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 19.
The Following data shows daily

Question 20.
Identify the factors responsible for land deg­radation in India.

Question 21.
The following information relates to the daily in­come of 150 families. Calculate the arithmetic mean.

Income in Rs.	Number of families
Less than 85	10.
Less than 95	35
Less than 105	55
Less than 115	80
Less than 125	90
Less than 135	110
Less than 145	125
Less than 150	150

Question 22.
Scatter diagrams show the visual presenta­tion of correlation.
a. Draw scatter diagrams showing positive correlation and negative correlation.
b. Point out one example each for positive correlation and negative correlation.

Question 23.
Critically evaluate the poverty alleviation programmes in India.

Answer any 2 questions from question numbers 24 to 26. Each carries 5 scores.

Question 24.
Calculate the single aggregate price index for 2008 taking 1998 as the base year from the following data.

Commodities	A	B	C	D	E
Price in 1998 (Rs)	200	60	160	180	30
Price in 2008 (Rs)	220	120	180	200	30

Question 25.
Critically evaluate the poverty alleviation programmes in India

Question 26.
While explaining the features of globa­lization, your Economics teacher says “outsourcing is one of the important out­comes of the globalization process”. Examine how outsourcing helps the Indian economy.

Answer any 2 questions from question numbers 27 to 29. Each carries 8 scores.

Question 27.
The following are the marks obtained for the class test of 10 students in a class for Eco­nomics and History.

Marks for Economics	Marks for History
50	35
60	40
25	21
57	25
72	29
36	50
68	62
72	52
30	65
38	45

Question 28.
Distinguish between census survey and sample survey.

Question 29.
The following data shows the marks obtained by 50 students of a class in a test.

Marks	Number of students
0-10	5
10-20	4
20-30	10
30-40	9
40-50	7
50-60	3
60-70	5
70-80	7

Find the arithmetic mean, median, and mode
Answers

Answer 1.

A	B	C
a Small scale Industry	Karve  Committee	1955
b.Public Expenditure	Taxation	Fiscal Policy
c. Liberalization	Privatizattion	Globalisation
d. UGC	SCERT	NCERT
e. Quartiles	Median	Percentile

Answer 2.
Himachal Pradesh

Answer 3.
Sustainable development

Answer 4.
Mode

Answer 5.
b. No correlation

Answer 6.
c. Positive

Answer 7.
Dadabhai Naoroji, William Digby, VKRVRao and RC Desai.

Answer 8.
Absolute poverty is defined as the inability to achieve the minimum requirement of life, health, and efficiency as a result of a very low level of income. On the other hand, relative pov­erty makes a comparison of relative levels of income of different people or groups of population to determine who poor. Yes, absolute poverty exists in my neighborhood.

Answer 9.
Yes, High fees are to be reduced or regulated due to the following reasons.

Answer 10.
Education sector

• NCERT, UGC

Health sector

• ICMR

Answer 11.
Following are the key issues in rural develop­ment.

Answer 12.


Answer 13.

Commodities	P0	P1
A	20	40
B	50	60
C	40	50
D	20	30
Total	130	180

\({ p }_{ 01 }=\cfrac { { \Sigma p }_{ 1 } }{ { \Sigma p }_{ o } } \times \cfrac { 180 }{ 130 } \times 100\)
= 1.3846 x 100 = 138.46

Answer 14.

Answer 15.
Infrastructure is broadly categorised as
1. Social Infrastructure:- It refers to the core elements of social change which serve as a foundation for the process of social development of a country.lt contributes to economic processes indirectly and from outside the system of production and distribution.

2. Economic Infrastructure:- It refers to all such elements of economic change which serve as a foundation for the process of economic growth.

Answer 16.

• Land reforms
• Green revolution
• Land reforms

At the time of independence, the land tenure system was charactrized by intermediaries. Who merely collected rent from the actual tillers of the soil without contributing towards improvements on the farm. The low produc­tivity of the agricultural sector forced India to import food from the United States of America. Equity in agriculture called for land reforms which primarily refer to change in the owner­ship of landholding.

Answer 17.
It refers to the development strategy to inter­ruption till the resource extraction was not above the rate of regeneration of the resource and the wastes generated were within the assimilating capacity of the environment But today, environment fails to perform its third and vital function of the sustenance resulting in an environmental crisis. The rising popula­tion of the developing countries and the af­fluent consumption and production standards of the developed world have placed huge stress on the environment in terms of its first two functions.

Answer 18.

Bar diagram	Histogram
Bar diagram comprised agro up of equispaced	A histogram is a two-dimensional diagram
Equal width rectangular bars	the width may be different
Space is left between adjacent bar	No space is left
Draw for discrete and con­tinues variables.	Drawn for continuous variable only
Not help to determine any average	Help to determine made

Answer 19.



Answer 20.
Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is af­fected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land.

The factor responsible for land degradation in India are:

1. Loss of vegetation occurring due to deforestation.
2. Dumping of non-biodegradable fresh, such as plastics
3. Shifting cultivation
4. Encroachment into forest lands
5. Forest fires and overgrazing.
6. Non-adoption of adequte soil conser­vation measures.
7. Improper crop rotation.
8. Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals Such as fertilizers and pesticides.
9. Improper plannig and management of irrigation system.
10. Extraction of groundwater in excess of the recharge capacity.

Answer 21.
Arithmetic Mean

Class	f	m	fm
75-85	10	80	800
85-95	25	90	2250
95-105	20	100	2000
105-115	25	110	2750
115-125	10	120	1200
125-135	20	130	2600
135-145	5	140	2100
145-155	25	150	3750
		150	17450

Answer 22.


Answer 23.
Through the policy towards poverty alleviation has evolved in a progressive maimer but over the last five and a half de­cades it has not undergone any radical trans­formation.
The three major area of concern which prevents the successful implementation of the programs, they are:

1. These programs depend mainly on government and bank officials for their implementation since such officials are ill-motivated, the resources are ineffi­ciently used and wasted.

2. Unequal distribution of land and other assets due to the benefits have been availed by the non-poor.

3. In comparison to the magnitude of poverty the amount of resource allocated for these programme is not sufficient

Answer 24.
Calculate simple agregate price index
\( { P }_{ 01 }=\cfrac { \Sigma { P }_{ 1 } }{ \Sigma { P }_{ 2 } } \times 100{ 142857 } \)
\( \cfrac { 750 }{ 630 } \times 100 \)

Answer 25.
Critical Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes: Through the policy towards poverty alleviation has evolved in a progres­sive manner but gone any radical transfor­mation. Scholars state three major areas of concern which prevent the success imple­mentation of the programs they are-

• Unequal distribution of land and other assets due to the benefits have been availed by the non-poor.
• In comparison to the magnitude of poverty, the amount of resources al­located for these programmes is not sufficient.
• These programs depend mainly on government and bank officials for their implementation since such officials are ill-motivated, inadequately trained, corruption-prone and vulnerable to pressure from a variety of local cit­ies, the resources are inefficiently used and wasted.

Answer 26.
Outsourcing is one of the important out­comes of the globalization process. In outsourcing, a company hires regular service from external sources, mostly from other countries, which was previously provided in­ternally or from within the country (like legal advice, computer service, advertisement, se­curity-each provided by respective depart­ments of the company).

Answer 27.
Standard Deviation is the positive square root of the mean of squared deviations from mean. So if there are five values X₁ , X₂, X₃, X₄ and X5, first their mean is calculated. Then deviations of the values from mean are cal­culated. These deviations are then squared. The mean of these squared deviations is the variance. The positive square root of the vari­ance is the standard deviation.

Answer 28.
A survey, which inculdes every elements of the population is known as Census or the Method of complete Enumeration. The essential feature of this method is that this covers every individual unit in the entire population
Sample survey:-  Population or the Universe in statistics means the totality of the items understudy. Thus, the population or the Universe is a group to which the results of the study are intended to apply. There are two methods of sampling namely, random sampling and non-random sampling. They are explained below.

Answer 29.

Plus One Economics Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One Economics Model Question Paper 1

Time Allowed: 2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 60

Answer Question number 1, which carries 5 scores.
Question 1.


Questions 2 to 6 : Answer all the questions. Each carries 1 Score.

Question 2.
Government taxation and public expenditure ‘ policies which are collectively known as
a. monetary policy
b. Fiscal policy
c. Trade policy
d. None of the above

Question 3.
A Survey which includes every element of the population is known as
a. Random sampling method
b. Non-random sampling method
c. Census method
d. None of the above

Question 4.
In India, inflation is calculated by using
a. Wholesale price index
b. Consumer Price Index
c. Producer price index
d. None of the above

Question 5.
The value of correlation coefficient lies between
a. Minus one and zero
b. Minus one and plus one
c. Minus one and plus two
d. None of the above

Question 6.
Britain intensified control over India’s for­eign trade with the opening of
a. Panama canal
b. Suez canal
c. Grand canal
d. Kiel canal

Questions 7-11: Answer all the questions. Each question carries two Score.

Question 7.
During the British period in India, social development indicators were not satisfactory. Substantiate the statement with the help of two indicators.

Question 8.
List out the importance of statistics in economics

Question 9.
There are two types of errors in sampling. One is sampling error and the other one is a non-sampling error. List out the differences.

Question 10.
Classify the following variables under quali­tative and quantitative. Income, Literacy, Height, Intelligence

Question 11.
In some states, farmers directly sell their products to consumers. Give two examples of such markets.

Questions 12-18: Attempt any six. Each carries 3 score.

Question 12.
Telephonic interview is one among the modes of data collection. Give three merits.

Question 13.
Calculate the mean deviation from the mean of the following data.

Question 14.
Whether the import substitution policy, which we followed till 1991, was effective to protect our domestic industries. Identify the policy instruments and substantiate.

Question 15.
Identify the similarities in respect of the developmental strategies adopted by India, China, Pakistan.

Question 16.
Sustainable development is indispensable for any nation. Point out 3 examples in your locality which act as obstacles for the sus­tainable development.

Question 17.
Calculate the Weighted Aggregative Price Index of the following data. (Here weight is given to base period quantities)

Question 18.
Orderly arrange the steps towards making a project. Conclusion, Choice of the target group, Organisation, and presentation of data, Analysis, and interpretation Identifying a problem or an area of study, Collection of data

Questions 19-23: Attempt any 4. Each carries 4 scores.

Question 19.
The government of India decided to deregu­late the industrial sector as a part of liberalisation policy in 1991. List out the mea­sures adopted for this purpose.

Question 20.
“Investment in education can stimulate the economic growth “.do you agree with these statements?

Question 21.
The mark of 50 students in the economics class test is given below.

9, 18, 75, 90, 63, 26, 39, 44, 6, 84, 63, 44, 56, 8,
67, 53, 83, 45, 18, 92, 95, 28, 65, 12, 24, 77, 7,
25, 25, 6, 55, 33, 75, 91, 61, 19, 58, 85, 44, 55,
86, 37, 51, 34, 33, 87, 60, 48, 78, 63
Prepare a frequency distribution table with tally mark by exclusive method taking class intervel of ten.

Question 22.
The rank of 10 students in English and Economics examinations are given below. Calculate the rank correlation coefficient.

Question 23.
Indebtedness is still common in rural areas due to the exploitation of money lenders. To avoid this problem and to ensure the credit facilities in rural areas, the government started many institutions. Briefly explain.

Questions 24-26: Attempt any two. Each carries 5 Scores.
Question 24.
Distribution of employment by region.

Question 25.
The following are the distribution of monthly income of 30 workers in a particular village. Draw a histogram and locate the mode.

Question 26.
The following are the distribution of monthly income of 30 workers in a particular village. Draw a histogram and locate the mode.

Questions 27-29: Attempt any two. Each carries 8 Score.

Question 27.
Poverty is a situation in which a person is unable to secure the basic minimum necessi­ties of life’you think that the eradication of poverty is a social necessity.why? evaluate the three-dimensional approach adopted by the Govt.of India to alleviate the poverty in our country.
(Hints:poverty-causes-policies and progra­mmes for poverty alleviation)

Question 28.
Sustainable development mainly focussed on eco-friendly development. The use of a conventional source of energy and sustainable development are moving in opposite direc­tions. How the use of a non- conventional source of energy can promote sustain­able development? Analyse.

Question 29.
Calculate the Mean, Median, Mode from the following data.

Answers

Answer 1.

Answer 2.
Monetary policy

Answer 3.
Census method

Answer 4.
Consumer price index

Answer 5.
Minus one and plus one

Answer 6.
Suez canal

Answer 7.
The nature of the economy underwent rapid changes under British rule. British eco­nomic policy had only two objectives.

• To use India as a source of raw material for British industries.
• To convert India into a market for goods manufactured in British.

These policies promoted British interest and destroyed Indias flourishing cottage indus­try. The livelihood of thousands of Indians was adversely affected.

Answer 8.
a. Statistics is an indispensable tool for economics. Because of its enables on the environment to present economic facts in a precise and definite form that nips in proper comprehension of what is stated.
b. Statistics helps in considering the mass of data into a few numerical measures such as (mean, variance etc..) These nominal resources help summarise data.
c. It helps in the establishment of the correlation between the two facts.

Answer 9.
Sampling Error: It refers to the difference be­tween the sample estimated and the actual value of characteristics of the population. It is the error that occurs when you make an observation from the population.
Non-Sampling Error: Non-sampling error that arises in the data collection process as a result of factors other than taking a sampling. Non- sampling errors have the potential to cause bias in polls, surveys or samples.

Answer 10.

Answer 11.
Maharashtra, Tamilnadu

Answer 12.
In a telephonic interview, the investigator asks questions over the telephone.
Merits:
Cheaper than a personal interview

1. Conducted in a shorter time
2. It is better in the cases where the respon­dents are reluctant to answer certain questions in a personal interview.

Answer 14.
India we implement a policy like licensing, MRTP Act, etc. with good intentions. But in practice, it created a licensing – permit raj. This restricted economic activity and prevented the economy from achieving high rates of growth.

Some of the deficiencies of the strategy from 1950-51 to 1990-91 can be summarised as follows:
a. Act like MRTP (Monopolies & restrictive trade practice Acts) prevented large resourceful companies from making the investment.
b. Acts like FERA ( Foreign Exchange Regulation Act) restricted foreign investment.
c. Protection of domestic industry through a high level of import duties (some rates rising as high as 330%) made domestic industry inefficient.

Answer 15.
India and Pakistan independent nations in 1947, while the People’s Republic of China was established in 1949. All the three countries had started planning their development strat­egies similar ways, while India announced its first five year plans for 1951-1956, Paki­stan announced its first five-year plan called, the medium-term plan, in 1956 China an­nounced its first five-year plan in 1953. Till 1998, Pakistan had eight five year plans whereas China’s tenth five year period is 2001- 06. The current planning in India is based on ’ tenth five-year plan in 2002-2007. India and Pakistan adopted similar strategies such as creating a large public sector and raising pub­lic expenditure on social development until the 1980s all three countries had similar growth rates and per capita incomes.

Answer 16.
The following are the examples

• Excessive waste generation and sub­sequent pollution of soil, air, water
• Global warming
• A limited supply of resources.

Answer 17.

Answer 18.
a. Identify a problem or an area of study.
b. Choice of the target group
c. Collection of data
d. Organisation and presentation of data
e. Analysis and interpretation
f. Conclusion

Answer 19.
The highlights of reforms in the industrial sector are the following:
a. Delicensing: Now, only a few industries like alcohol, cigarettes, hazardous chemicals, industrial explosives, drugs, and pharma­ceuticals need licensing. Others have been delicensed category.
b. Dereservation: The number of industries reserved for the public sector has been drastically reduced. Now, only defense equipment, atomic energy, and railways are reserved for the public sector.
c. Amendment of MRTP and FERA MRTP Act and FERA were amended to facilitate investment.
d.Dereservation of goods for the small-scale sector. The number of goods reserved for the small-scale sector was reduced.

Answer 20.
Education is an important source of human capital formation. Investment in education stimulates economic development in the following ways.

• Raise production knowledgeable and skilled workers can make better use of resources at their disposal. It will increase production in the economy. An educated and trained person can apply his knowledge and skill at the firm, factory, and office to increase production.
• Raises efficiency and productivity. Investment in education increases efficiency and productivity and hence yields higher income to the people.
• Brings positive, changes in outlook and attitude. Knowledgeable and skilled people have a modern outlook, and attitude, that they make a rational choice in respect of places and jobs.
• Improve the quality of life. Education improves quality of life as it provides a better job, high income and improves health. It results in a better standard of living.

Answer 21.

Answer 22.

Student	R1	R2	D	D2
A	1	4	-3	9
B	2	3	-1	1
C	3	2	1	1
D	4	1	3	9
E	5	6	-1	1
F	6	10	4	16
G	7	5	2	4
H	8	7	1	1
I	9	8	1	1
J	10	9	1	1

Answer 23.
Village money lenders have been the most important source of credit to farmers for a long time. At the time of independence and for many years following it, money lenders exploited small and marginal farmers by charging high rates of interest, presently india has a multidimensional rural credit structure. the important institution in these credit structure is;

• a NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development)
  Commercial Bank
• Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
• Co-operative Credit Institutions
• Land Development Bank
• Self Help Group (microcredit) NABARD was set up in 1982. NABARD is the apex bank that coordinates the lending activities of all in involved in rural credit.

Answer 24.

• In the rural area, most of the workers are lives as self-employed workers.income
• Poverty may be defined as the inability to secure minimum human needs are not fulfilled, a man undergoes pain and suffering. There is a loss of health and efficiency.
• As compared with urban workers casual wage labours are more than in rural area.
• In the urban area, most of them are regular salaried employees
• The reason behind the decrease in regular salaried employees in a rural area was the increased number of illiterates.
• As compared with the rural area the number of self-employed workers is less than in urban area.

Answer 25.

Answer 26.

Answer 27.
Poverty may be defined as the inability to secure minimum human needs are not fulfilled, the man undergoes pain and suffering. There is a loss of health and efficiency.
The main causes of poverty lie in the institu­tional and social factors that mark the life of the poor. The poor people are deprived of quality education and unable to acquire skill which fetch them a better income

Policies or programs:

• Rural employement generation programme.
• Prime minister’s RozgarYojana
• Swarna Jayanthi Shahan RozgarYojana
• National Food for Work Programme (NFWP)
• Swarna Jayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
• Mid Day Meal Scheme
• National SociaL Assistance Programme (NSAP)
• Pradhan mantri gramodaya yojana (PMGY)
• Pradhan Mantri Grama Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
• Sampooma gramin rozgar Yojana (SGRY)

Answer 28.
Sustainable development can be defined as a development strategy that meets the need of the present generation without com­promising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. in a specific term, sustainable development aims at decreas­ing the absolute poverty of the poor by providing lasting and securing livelihoods that minimise resource depletion, environ­ment degradation, cultural disruption, and social instability.

Strategies for sustainable development:
1. Use of a nonconventional source of energy: India heavily depends on the hydropower plants to meet its power needs. Both of these have adverse environmental impacts. Thermal power plants emit large quantities of carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas. It is not used properly.

2. Bio-composting: In order to increase production, we have started using chemical fertilisers which are adversely affecting the waterbodies, groundwater system etc. but again in farmers in large numbers have started using organic fertilisers for production.

3. Mini-hydel plants: Mountainous region has streams everywhere, most of such streams are perennial. Mini -hydel plants use the energy of such steams to move small turbines which generate electric­ity. Sue power plants are more or less environment-friendly.

Answer 29.

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