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Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 3 Human Resource Development in India Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Notes Malayalam Medium ഇന്ത്യയിലെ മാനവ വിഭവശേഷി വികസനം

Human Resource Development in India Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can download India: The Land of Diversities Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 7 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 7 India: The Land of Diversities Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 7 Notes

India is a large country with liverse topography. The major peographical features are the Northern mountain ranges, the trans-Himalayan, the Himalayas and the Eastern high lands, the northern plains. The Himalayan rivers, the desert which is part of the northern plains. In the peninsular India, the mountains are the Aravalli mountains, Vindhya, satpura, western ghats, and the eastern ghats. The long western and eastern coastal plain and the islands of laccading and Andaman and Nicolas Islands also is part of India.

India The Land Of Diversity Sslc Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 1.
Answer the following questions with the help of Atlas.
i) Countries of Indian subcontinent
ii) Countries sharing land frontier with India
iii) Neighboring countries situated in Indian Ocean
Answer:
i) Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh
ii) Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
iii) Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Maldives

Sslc Geography Chapter 7 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Mountains of Northern Mountain system are depicted in the figure. Name the places.

Answer:
A) 1) Karakoram
2) Ladakh
3) Zaskar
B) 1) Himadri
2) Himachal
3) Siwalik
C) 1) Patkai Bum
2) Naga hills
3) Khasi, Garo,
4) Mizo hills

India The Land Of Diversities Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 3.
Name the in the Eastern hill region.
Answer:

• Assam
• Nagaland
• Meghalaya
• Mizoram
• Arunachal Pradesh
• Manipur
• Sikkim
• Tripura

Sslc Geography Chapter 7 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Mark the mountain ranges belonging to the northern mountains in the outline map of India provided.
Answer:

India The Land Of Diversity Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 5.
Observe the figure and write down the Himalayan rivers, their tributaries, and the states through which they flow.

Answer:

India The Land Of Diversity In Geography Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 6.
Identify the states included in Northern Great Plains.
1. West Bengal
2. Bihar
3. ……….
4. ……….
Answer:
1. West Bengal
2. Bihar
3. Rajastan
4. Punjab
5. Uttarakhand
6. U.P
7. Assam

Scert Class 10 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 7.
Name the region where alluvial soil is found in India.
Answer:

• Northern great plains
• Coastal plains
• Riverbanks

Sslc Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 8.
In between which physiographic divisions is the Northern Great plains located?
Answer:
Between Northern mountains and peninsular plateau.

Hss Live Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 9.
The Northern Great Plains have a good network of roads, rail, and canals. Why?
Answer:
The Northern Great plains are formed by the alluvial deposits of Himalayan rivers. This is one of the largest alluvial plains of the world. Since it has a flat topography, construction of roads, rail and canals is easy.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus  Question 10.
The Marusthali-Bagar region of Rajasthan is least populated. Why?
Answer:
Marusthali-Bagar which constitutes the western part of Northern Great Plains receives very less rainfall. This has become a desert. The hottest place in India, Jaisalmer, is in this desert. Desert soil with rich salt content and less moisture content is found here. This soil is not suitable for agriculture. Shrubs and thorny plants grow here. Due to these, this region is least populated.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Chapter 7 Question 11.
Prepare a seminar paper on the topic: The Influence of Northern Great Plains in India’s Development.
Answer:
Northern Great Plains situated between Northern mountain system and Peninsular plateau play a decisive role in the economic development of India. Northern Great Plains is formed due to the continuous depositional activity of the Himalayan rivers. With several thousand kilometers of thickness, these plains spread to about 7 lakh km². This plain is one of the world’s most extensive alluvial plains. The plains are also known as Indo- Gangetic-Brahmaputra plain.

Alluvial soils are the major type of soil in there plains. There soils are highly fertile. So there plains are called the backbone of Indian agriculture. The Northern Plains are also known as the granary of India. Major crops cultivated here are wheat, maize, paddy, sugarcane, cotton and pulses. Fertile soils, flat land and the availability of waterthroughout the year attract people to these plains. So it is the most densely populates region in India. A variety of food crops and cash crops which add to the economic prosperity of India are produced here.

Along with agriculture, many agro-based industries and mineral-based industries are located here. The growth of industries paved the way for the emergence of many cities. The major Indian cities are located in these plains. The plains have well-connected road and railway network which help to transport goods to different parts of the country. The Great Plains are the birthplace of Indian culture. Many Hindu pilgrim centers are located here. Thus the Great Plains help in the cultural life of India also.

Sslc Social Science Malayalam Medium Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 12.
Mark the major features of the peninsular plateau in the outline map of India. Provides map of India
Answer:
Provides map of India

Social Notes For Class 10 State Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 13.
Observe the map (fig 8.2) and find out the rivers flowing through the peninsular plateau.

Answer:
Mahanadi
Godaveri, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada, Tapti

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 14.
Peninsular rivers and the direction flow:
Answer:

10th Social Science Notes Pdf State Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 15.
The Himalayan ranges are known as a natural barrier. What changes would have happened in India if this mountain range was not there? Explain with example.
Answer:
The Himalayan ranges influence the culture, economy, and climate of India. The Himalayan ranges run at a distance of about 2400 km from Kashmir to Indian border in the east.

• The Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain system, separates Indian subcontinent from the Asian continent and helped India from foreign aggression and the development of its own culture.
• Protects the North Indian states from severe cold by preventing the cold winds blowing from north Asian regions.
• It obstructs the monsoon winds and brings the whole of India under rainfall.
• The glaciers and ice fields in the Himalayan peaks are storehouse of freshwater. These are the sources of origin for the Himalayan rivers which help in the economic prosperity of India.
• Indo-Gangetic plains, formed by the alluvial deposits of these rivers are the backbone of India agriculture and the granary of India.
• The Himalayas is the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.
• This region with cool climate and beautiful natural scenery is a tourist paradise.
• In the absence of the Himalayas, all the above-mentioned factors would not have been available to India.

Social 10th Class Notes State Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 16.
What are the characteristics of Peninsular rivers compared to Himalayan rivers?
Answer:
Peninsular rivers have:

• Less catchment area
• Intensity of erosion is less
• Deep valleys are not formed because they flow through hard rocks.
• Less potential for inland navigation.
• Rainfed only

Question 17.
The Northern Great Plains are the most densely populated region in India. Give reason.
Answer:
Alluvial soil, the most fertile soil is found in the Great Plains. The Great Plain is known as the granary of India. The Himalayan rivers flowing through the plains provide water throughout the year. Flatland enables the construction of good network of roads and railways. India’s agriculture and industries are concentrated here. Road, rail and canal transport help to carry people and goods. Due to these rea¬sons, the Northern Great Plains are the most densely populated region in India.

Question 18.
Most of the peninsular river enters the plain by forming waterfalls. Why is it so?
Answer:
Most of the peninsular mountains and through the plateau regions. So when they enter the plain waterfalls are formed.

Question 19.
Complete the table showing details of Peninsular rivers.

Answer:

What Plants Grow on Mount Everest Question 20.
Name the highest waterfall in India.
Answer:
Jog falls in Saravathi river in Karnataka

10th Standard in India Question 21.
Using the indicators, complete the columns in the table.

Answer:

Average Height of Kerala Question 22.
The names of some major towns and cities situated along the river banks are given below. Prepare a. table in the given format by identify the river banks along which each is located. Also, locate these towns and cities in the outline map of India.
Answer:
New Delhi: Agra, Devaprayag, Varanasi, Allahabad, Patna, Guvaheti, Kolkata, Ludiyana, Srinagar, Ahamedabad, Surat, Vijayawada, Thiruchirapally, Tanjavur, Coorg.

Question 23.
Delta are commonly formed along the east coastal plain, but not along the west coastal plain, why is it so?
Answer:
When compared to the western coastal plain, eastern coastal is wider. So the east-flowing rivers at its lower coast flows through vast plains creating deltas.

Question 24.
Mark the Lakshadweep Islands and Andaman and Nicobar on the pep of India.
Answer:

Question 25.
Point out 2 features of desert soil.
Answer:

1. Rich salt content
2. Very little moisture content

Question 26.
Mark the answers to the following geoinformation in the outline map of India.

a) The southernmost Himalayan range
b) Major type of soil in Marusthali Bagar plain
c) Coromandel Coast
d) The southernmost point of India
Answer:
a) Siwalik
b) Desert soil
c) Coromandel Coast
d) Indira Point

Question 27.
From which state do the following rivers originate?
Narmada, Mahanadi, Tapti, Cauvery,
Krishna, Godavari
Answer:

Question 28.
The names of some rivers are given. List them as originating from the Himalayas and from the Western Ghats.
Jhelum, Cauvery, Yamuna, Krishna, Kosi, Godavari
Answer:

Question 29.
Why is Peninsular plateau called the storehouse of minerals?
Answer:

1. There are large deposits of different minerals occur in this area.
2. Iron ore, coal, manganese, bauxite, limestone, etc. are found.

Question 30.
Which are the river valleys in eastern coastal plain where paddy is cultivated on a large scale?
Answer:
River valleys of Cauvery, Krishna, Godavari, and Mahanadi
Climate:
In India like physiography climate also is diverse. Latitude, physiography nearness to ocean and attitude are the factors influencing the climate of India. In India seasons can be generally classified into winter season December, January, February. Summer: March, April, May, June, Southwest monsoon season June, July, August, September, Northeast monsoon season October, November, Summer, and winter is severe in north India. In peninsular India there is not much difference in the summer and winter temperature. Southwest monsoon brings plenty of rainfall to the western coast of India, whereas the coromandel coast receives rain from the northeast monsoon.

Question 31.
Which are the winter months in India?
Answer:
December, January, February

Question 32.
Coastal regions experience comparatively high temperatures. why?
Answer:
Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock. So the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land.

Question 33.
Which are the months of southwest monsoon season in India?
Answer:
June, July, August, September

Question 34.
Rainfall is comparatively less along the eastern slopes of the western ghats, why?
Answer:
The eastern slope of the western ghats lies to the law and side of the southwest monsoon. So this region has become a rain shadow region.

Question 35.
By what name is the southwest monsoon rain known in Kerala?
Answer:
‘Idavapathi’

Question 36.
What is the role of eastern high lands in the heavy rainfall in the northeastern states?
Answer:
The Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest Mon¬soon advances northward by absorbing more mois¬ture from the Bay of Bengal. Again it bifurcates and one branch
which turns towards northeastern states is blocked by the eastern highlands bringing plenty of rainfall.

Question 37.
‘What causes the rightward deflection of these winds?
Answer:
In the northern home, sphere winds deflect towards right due to the conolis effect and the southward movement of the sun.

Question 38.
By what name is the northeast monsoon rain known in Kerala?
Answer:
Thulavarsham

Question 39.
Observe the map on your textbook page 131 and answer the following questions.
i) Places receiving more than 200cm rainfall
ii) Places receiving less than 60cm rainfall
iii) Reason for the imbalance in the distribution of rainfall.
Answer:
i) Kerala, Northeastern states
ii) Rajasthan, Interior of Decan and the earth of the sahadris.
iii) Physiography, Distance from the sea

Question 40.
What is western disturbance? Write its benefit.
Answer:
During the cold-weather season of India, low pres¬sure systems develop over the Mediterranean sea and travel towards east under the influence of jet streams and enter India. This causes winter rainfall in North plains, especially in Punjab. This is known as western disturbance. This is most suitable for the cultivation of rabi crops like wheat and barley.

Question 41.
Explain ‘October heat’.
Answer:
The northeast monsoon season experienced in the months of October and November is an interval between rainy season and cold weather season. The high temperature and humidity experienced all over India during this time make the day time very un-comfortable or sultry. This phenomenon is called October heat.

Question 42.
Though northeast monsoon winds are dry, they cause heavy rainfall over the Coromandel coast of India. How?
Answer:
During the northeast monsoon period, low pressure areas are formed over the Bay of Bengal and attract air from land. The monsoon winds which blow from land to ocean get moisture from the Bay of Bengal and move in south-east direction. These winds cause heavy rainfall over the Coromandel coast.

Question 43.
Which are the different types of soil found in India?
Answer:

1. Alluvial soil
2. Black soil
3. Red soil
4. Laterite soil
5. Desert soil
6. Mountain soil

Question 44.
Complete the following flow chart.

Answer:

Question 45.
Mention the heights of
i) Mount Everest
ii) Mount K2
Answer:
i) 8848 m
ii) 8661 m

Question 46.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 47.
Regions close to oceans experience high temperatures during winter season. Why?
Answer:
Land gets heated up and cools quickly than ocean. Land experiences high pressure during winter season and ocean low pressure. The dense air from regions lying close to ocean move to less dense air area of ocean. This reduces the cold of those places.

Question 48.
During southwest monsoon period, less rainfall is experienced on the east of Western Ghats. Why?
Answer:
The Western ghats obstruct the rain-bearing Arabian sea branch of southwest monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall on the western margins in the state of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra. But the east of Western Ghats receives only less rainfall. This is because by the time the monsoon winds cross the Western Ghats and reach the east, the moisture content in them will be lost. This is the reason why Tamil Nadu gets scanty rainfall during southwest monsoon period while Kerala receives heavy rainfall. The eastern part of Western Ghats is a rain shadow region.

Question 49.
What are the reasons for regional distribution of rainfall in India?
Answer:

1. Physiography
2. Location of mountain ranges
3. Nearness to oceans
4. Distance from oceans
5. Direction of wind.
6. Extent of land

Question 50.
How is India divided on the basis of the distribution of rainfall?
Answer:

• Heavy rainfall regions (above 200 ems): West coast plains, northeastern states and sonic parts in the Himalayan regions.
• High rainfall regions (between 100 and 200 ems): Western Ghats regions, most parts of North Indian Plains, Northeastern parts of Peninsular India and northeastern regions.
• Moderate rainfall regions (between 60 and 100 ems): Southwest of Kashmir, Malwa Plateau, Deccan Plateau and central parts of Tamil Nadu.
• Low rainfall regions (below 60 ems): Rajasthan, western parts of Gujarat, central parts of Deccan Plateau and northern parts of Kashmir.

Question 51.
What are the peculiarities of Lakshadweep?
Answer:

• Located in the Arabian Sea about 300 kms away from Kochi.
• Consists of 36 islands.
• Only 11 islands are inhabited
• Kavarathi is the capital of Lakshadweep
• Lagoons, sandy shores, and coral reefs are present.
• Agriculture is only namesake and people mainly depend on sea for livelihood.
• Fishing and tourism are the main sources of incomb.

Question 52.
Write the peculiarities of Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Answer:

1. Situated in the Bay of Bengal.
2. Consist of two groups of islands – Andaman with 200 islands and Nicobar with 19 islands.
3. Majority of the islands are uninhabited.
4. Most of them have thick forests.
5. The only volcano of India is situated in the Barren island here. –
6. Port Blair is the capital.

Question 53.
Complete the following table showing the features of soils in India.

Answer:


Indira Point which is the southern tip of Nicobar islands is treated as the southernmost part of India.

Question 54.
Which are the two branches of southwest monsoon winds? Identify the regions where they cause rainfall.
Answer:
Due to the peculiar shape of the Indian peninsula, the southwest monsoon winds enter India by bifurcating into two branches -Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.

Arabian Sea Branch:
The Arabian sea branch which reaches Kerala coast by the beginning of June gives heavy rainfall in the western parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra.

Bay of Bengal branch:
The Bay of Bengal branch which absorbs moisture from Bay of Bengal advances through Sundarban delta and enters West Bengal and bifurcates into two. One branch enters the Brahmaputra plains and gives heavy rainfall in the northeastern states. Khasi, Garo hills obstruct the winds to cause rainfall.

The other branch enters the Ganga plains and gives rainfall in the states of West Bengal, Bihar, and Utter Pradesh. This branch joins with the Arabian Sea branch in the Punjab plain, moves northward and gives heavy rainfall in the foothills of the Himalayas.

Question 55.
The highest peak in India is ………………
Answer:
Mount K2

Question 56.
After studying the features of Indian coastal regions, Suresh said that eastern coast is entirely different form western coast
a) Do you agree with this?
b) Why?
Answer:
a) Yes, I agree
b) The reasons are given below.

Question 57.
Prepare a short description about the Northern Mountain region.
Answer:
These mountain ranges starting from the northwest of Kashmir and extending up to the eastern boundary of India is known as the Northern Mountains. This mountain range is classified into Trans Himalayas, Himalayas and Eastern Highlands.

Question 58.
Prepare a description about the Himalayas.
Answer:
The Himalayan mountain ranges extend between the Trans Himalayas and the eastern high lands. These mountain ranges have a length of 2400 km. Many of the world’s highest peaks are situated here. The height of these mountains tends to decrease towards the east. The physical division extending over 5 lakh sq.km, comprises of three parallel mountain ranges.

Question 59.
What are the features of Himadri, which is part of Himalayas?
Answer:

1. The highest mountain range.
2. Average altitude is 6000 meters.
3. Origin of the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra has a number of peaks above 8000 meters.

Question 60.
Differentiate Himachal from Himadri and Siwalik.
Answer:
Situated to the south of the Himadri Average altitude is 3000 mts. The hill stations like Shimla, Darjeeling, etc. are situated in the southern slopes of this range.

Question 61.
What are the features of Siwalik?
Answer:

1. Situated to the south of the Himachal.
2. Average altitude is 1220 meters.
3. As the Himalayan rivers cut across this range, its continuity breaks at many places. Broad flat valleys seen
4. along these ranges are called Duns.

Question 62.
Cherrapunji, the place receiving the highest rainfall in the world is located in which mountain?
Answer:
Eastern highlands/ Poorvachal

Question 63.
On which mountain range are the hill stations like Shimla and Darjeeling?
a. Himadri
b. Himachal
c. Siwalik
d. Poorvachal
Answer:
b. Himachal

Question 64.
What are ‘Duns
Answer:
Broad flat valleys formed as Himalayan rivers cut across this range are called Duns.

Question 65.
Identify the correct statements related to Himalayas rivers.
a. Comparatively smaller catchment area.
b. Extensive catchment area.
c. Intensity of erosion is less.
d. Intensive erosion
(i) ‘a’ and ‘c’ are correct
(ii) ‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct
(iii) ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct
(iv) ‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct,
Answer:
‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct

Question 66.
On which coasted plain do deltas are formed?
Answer:
Eastern coastal plain

Question 67.
What is ‘October heat’?
Answer:
During October-November, which is the transition period between the rainy season to winter. During this time the days become unbearable due to high temperature
and humidty. This phenomenon is known as October heat.

Question 68.
Which Monsoon season brings rainfall to the coromandel coast?
Answer:
North-East Monsoon/ Retreating Monsoon.

Question 69.
The Himalayan ranges are known as a natural bar¬rier. What changes would have happened in India if this mountain range was not there? Explain with example.
Answer:
The Himalayan ranges influence the culture, economy, and climate of India. The Himalayan ranges run at a distance of about 2400 km from Kashmir to Indian border in the east.

• The Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain system, separates Indian subcontinent from the Asian continent and helped India from foreign aggression and the development of its own culture.
• Protects the North Indian states from severe cold by preventing the cold winds blowing from north Asian regions.
• It obstructs the monsoon winds and brings the whole of India under rainfall.
• The glaciers and ice fields in the Himalayan peaks are storehouse of freshwater. These are the sources of origin for the Himalayan rivers which help in the economic prosperity of India.
• Indo-Gangetic plains, formed by the alluvial deposits of these rivers, are the backbone of India agriculture and the granary of India.
• The Himalayas is the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.
• This region with cool climate and beautiful natural scenery is a tourist paradise.
• In the absence of the Himalayas, all the above-mentioned factors would not have been available to India. ‘

Question 70.
Distinguish between Himalayan rivers and Penisular rivers.
Answer:

Question 71.
What are the characteristics of Peninsular rivers compared to Himalayan rivers?
Answer:
Peninsular rivers have:

• Less catchment area
• Intensity of erosion is less
• Deep valleys are not formed because they flow through hard rocks.
• Less potential for inland navigation.
• Rainfed only

Question 72. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Given is the map showing the direction of monsoon winds. Observe the map and prepare a description based on the hints given.

1. Monsoon season
2. Nature of winds
Answer:
South-west monsoon winds enter the Indian subcontinent after bifurcating due to the peculiar shape of peninsular India. The Arabian sea branch enters the western coast and brings rainfall to the western coasted area. The Bay of Bengal branch enters India through odishe and Sudarban delta and again bifurcates and brings rainfall to northeastern.

Question 73. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Identify the rivers hinted below and write any two features of them.
a) River originating from the Chema-yung-dung glacier in the Kaila’s ranges.
b) One of the major tributaries is Yamuna
Answer:
Brahmaputra flows through Tibet first and enters India and flow 725KM through India and enters Bangladesh Ganga is the longest river flowing through India. It joins Brahmaputra after entering Bangladesh.

Question 74. (Qn. Pool-2017)
While comparing it is understood that the Himalayan Rivers are quite different from the Peninsular rivers in every respect. Substantiate.
Answer:

Question 75. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the factors causing variations in the cli¬mate experienced in India?
Answer:

1. Latitude
2. Physiography
3. Nearness to ocean
4. Attitude

Question 76. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Describe the characteristics of the different seasons in India.
Answer:
Major seasons experienced in India are

• Winter season from December to February. During this time extreme cold and snowfall in the Himalayan region is usual. Due to the origin of cyclone the Mediterranean and its shift towards eart under the influenced of the stream brings rainfall in Punjab and Hariyana known as the western disturbance.
• Summer season: Summer months are March to June in India. During this time extreme heat is experienced in rest India.
• Southwest monsoon season: This is the highest rainfall season in India. Sun is in the northern hemisphere low-pressure area increated and as a result wind defect right and reach Indians sub continued.
• Northeast monsoon season. By the end of September, then sun is in the southern hemisphere low pressure is created over bay of Bengal and the Monsoon winds deflect right and blow from the northeast directions.

Question 77.
Write notes by mentioning the major soil types and the major crops cultivated in the northern plains as well as in the peninsular plateau.
Answer:

Question 78. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Name the branches of southwest monsoon bifurcated by the Indian peninsula. How do these branches influence the climate of India?
Answer:
Arabian sea branch. The Arabian sea branch reaches the coast of Kerala by early June comes heavy rainfall in the western coastal areas. The Bay of Bengal branch of the Southwest

Question 79. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the location of India based on latitudes and longitudes.
Answer:
Between the latitudes 8° 4′ North and 37° 25′ North latitudes.
Between the longitudes 68° 7′ East and 97° 25′ East longitudes.

Question 80. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The names of a few mountain ranges are given below. Categorize and tabulate them suitably, TransHimalayas, Himalayas, Eastern mountains.
a) Karakoram
b) Jaintia
c) Himachal
d) Shiwalik
e) Ladak
f) Naga hills
Answer:

Question 81. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write notes on the Himalayan rivers based on the given hints.
1. Origin
2. Tributaries
3. Length
4. States through which they flow
5. Sea to which they join
Answer:
1. Indus – Manasarovar lake – 2280 km – Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej – Jammu & Kashmir
2. Ganga – Gangothri Glacier/Gaumukh caves – 2500 km – Yamuna, Son, Ghaghra, Kosi, Gandak – Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal- Bay of Bengal
3. Brahmaputra – Chema-Yung-dung glacier – 2900 km – Tista, Manaas, Luni, Subansiri – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam

Question 82. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the physiographic divisions between which the Northern Great Plains are situated?
Answer:
Between the Northern mountains/ Himalayas and the Peninsular plateau.

Question 83. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which is the most common soil type found in the Northern Great Plains and in the coastal plains?
Answer:
Alluvial soil

Question 84. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The road, rail and canal network in India is largely concentrated in the Northern plains. Why?
Answer:

• Extensive and level topography
• High density of population.
• Necessity of various means of transportation for agriculture, industry, etc.

Question 85. (Qn. Pool -2017)
The role of Northern plains is decisive in the agricultural economy of India. Do you agree with the statement? Why?
Answer:

• Fertile alluvial soil – water availability – favorable climate.
• Wheat, rice, maize, sugar cane, cotton, pulses, etc. are largely cultivated here.
• The Northern plains is also known as the granary of India.

Question 86.(Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the major mountain ranges within the Peninsular plateau?
Answer:
Vindhya, Satpura, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Aravallies, etc.

Question 87. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Identify the physiographic division from where the following rivers originate and flow. Classify these rivers as east-flowing rivers and west-flowing rivers. Narmada, Mahanadi, Godawari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tapti
Answer:

1. Peninsular plateau
2. East-flowing – Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
3. West-flowing – Narmada, Tapti

Question 88. (Qn. Pool-2017)
A few peninsular rivers flow northwards and join river Yamuna and river Ganga. – Identify the rivers.
Answer:
1. River joining Ganga-Son
2. Rivers joining Yamuna – Chambal, Betwa, and Ken

Question 89. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the major peninsular rivers? Describe them based on the elements – like origin, direction of flow, length, tributaries, states through which they flow and the sea to which joins.
Answer:

• Mahanadi – Maikala ranges – East flowing – 857 km – lb, Tel – Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha – Bay of Bengal
• Godavari – Nasik district in Maharashtra – East-flowing – 1465 km – Indravathi, Sabari – Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh – Bay of Bengal
• Krishna – Mahabaleswar hills – East-flowing – 1400 km – Bhima, Thungabhadra – Maharashtra, Andhrapradesh Bay of Bengal
• Kaveri – Brahmagiri hills – 800 km – East-flowing – Kabani, Amaravathi, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Bay of Bengal
• Narmada – Maikala ranges – 1312 km – West¬flowing – Hiran, Banjan – Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat-Arabian Sea
• Tapti – Muntai plateau – 724 km – West-flowing – Anar, Girna – Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra – Arabian Sea

Question 90. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Waterfalls are usually created along peninsular rivers. Give reason.
Answer;

1. The edges of the plateau remain elevated from the surroundings
2. The rivers enter the coastal plains from the plateau by creating waterfalls along these edges.

Question 91. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Deltas are not formed along the west coastal plain as that of east coastal plain. Why?
Answer:

1. West-flowing rivers are comparatively small.
2. Smaller amounts of sediments are deposited.

Question 92. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Distribution of rainfall is not uniform everywhere in India. List out the geographical factors influencing the distribution of rainfall.
Answer:

• Physiography
• Latitudinal location
• Nearness to sea
• Altitude
• Direction of winds (any 4)

Question 93. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write down the location of physiographic divisions of India with respect to the other physiographic divisions.
Answer:

• Northern mountains – North of the Northern great plain
• Northern Great plain – Between the Peninsular plateau and the Northern mountains.
• Peninsular plateau – Between the Northern plains and the Coastal plains
• Coastal plains – Between the peninsular plateau and the coastal plains.

Question 94. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The Northern mountain region consists of a number of mountain ranges. Which are those mountain ranges?
Answer:

• Trans Himalayas – Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar
• Himalayas – Himadri, Himachal, Siwalik
• Eastern hills – Patkaibum, Naga hills, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia hills, Meso hills.

Question 95. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Each mountain ranges in the Himalayas consists of distinct features. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:
1. Himadri – i. Average height 6000 m
ii. The major rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, etc.
iii. Comprises the peaks like Kanjanjunga, Nandadevi, etc.
2. Himachal – i. Average height 3000 m
ii. Comprises major hill stations like
iii. – Shimla, Darjeeling, etc.
3. Siwaliks – i. Average height 1220 m
ii. The continuity breaks at many places as the rivers cut across them
iii. Broad and flat valleys called Dunes

Question 96. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The types of vegetation in the Himalaya mountain region varies with altitude. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:

• The trees such as oak, chestnut, maple, etc. at an altitude between 1000 and 2000 meters.
• Coniferous trees such as deodar, fir, etc. are grown beyond 2000 meters.

Question 97. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the peculiar features of eastern hills?
Answer:

• At an altitude of about 500 to 3000 meters.
• Cherrapunji, the place receiving the highest rainfall in the world is located here.
• Dense tropical evergreen forests.

Question 98. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which is the most common soil type in the northern mountain region? Mention its characteristics.
Answer:

• Mountain soil
• Black or brown in color, High fertility

Question 99. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a description on the human life in the Northern mountain region.
Answer:

• Animal rearing – sheep are reared on commercial basis in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, etc.
• Agriculture – Potato, barley, saffron, apple, orange, tea, etc. are cultivated in the Siwaliks ranges.
• Tourism – Shimla, Darjeeling, Kulu, Manali, etc. are the hill stations in the Himachal range.

Question 100. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the influence of Northern mountains in the climate and human life of India.
Answer:

• Protects to a certain extent from the foreign invasion from the north since ancient times.
• Causes rainfall throughout north India by blocking the monsoon winds.
• Prevents the cold winds blowing from the north from entering India.
• Place of diverse flora and fauna.
• The source region of major north Indian rivers.

Question 101. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why is the Northern plains called as ‘the granary of India’?
Answer:

• Availability of fertile soil and water are favorable for agriculture.
• Crops like wheat, rice, maize, sugar cane, cotton, pulses, etc. are largely cultivated here.

Question 102. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a note by explaining the geographical features of western part of the Northern plains.
Answer:

• Dry desert soil
• Thrones and shrubs
• Meager rainfall.

Question 103. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The Peninsular plateau is a physiographic division with some unique characteristics. Which are these characteristics?
Answer:

• Hard crystalline rocks
• Most extensive and old landform
• Area of 15 sq. km
• Storehouse of minerals
• Presence of black soil

Question 104. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the soils found along the peninsular plateau? Explain their peculiarities.
Answer:

• Black soil, Red soil, Laterite soil
• Peculiar features of each soil type

Question 105. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Complete the table by incorporating the information related to the given Himalayan Rivers.

Answer:

Question 106. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the factors influencing the climate of India?
Answer:

• Latitude
• Physiography
• Nearness to sea
• Altitude (any 3)

Question 107. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the season during which the climatic phenomenon called western disturbance occur and explains the formation.
Answer:

• Winter
• The low pressure originating over the Mediterranean Sea moves eastwards due to the jet streams and reaches India. This causes rainfall in the northern plains, especially in the Punjab region.

Question 108. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Give reasons for the regional variation in the distribution of the south-west monsoon rains.
Answer:

1. Rainfall is maximum along the windward slopes of the mountains. Thus the western side of the Western Ghats, the eastern highlands, and rain.
2. As the amount of moisture decreases with the advancement of Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch, the amount of rainfall decreases from the coast towards the interior.
3. The eastern slopes of the Western Ghats is rain shadow region.

Question 109. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the characteristic features of north-east monsoon season?
Answer:

1. Retreating monsoon season
2. High temperature and humidity makes the days unbearable (October heat)
3. Heavy rain along the Tamil Nadu coast
4. Rain also occurs along Kerala and Karnataka

Question 110. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Compare the characteristic features of Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.
Answer:

Question 111. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Ken, Kabani, Sabari, and Tista are some of the tributary rivers. Mention the main rivers to which these tributaries join.
Answer:
Ken — Ganga
Kabani — Kaveri
Sabari — Godavari
Tista — Brahmaputra

Question 112. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Mark and label the below mentioned geoinformation in the outline map of India.
a) River originated from the Maikala ranges and joins the Bay of Bengal
b) Plateau formed by volcanic activity
c) The southernmost major seaport.
d) The mountain range south-east of Thar Desert
Answer:
a) Mahanadi
b) Deccan plateau
c) Tuticorin
d) Aravalli ranges (These features are to be marked and labeled in map)

Question 113. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Compare the Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rives based on the given hints.
1. Intensity of erosion
2. Water availability
3. Catchment area
4. Navigational potential
Answer:

Question 114. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write anyone peculiar feature each for Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik.
Answer:
1. Himadri — i. Average height 6000 m.
ii. The major rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, etc.
iii. Comprises the peaks like Kanjanjunga, Nandadevi, etc.
2. Himachal — i. Average height 3000 m
ii. Comprises major hill stations – Shimla, Darjeeling, etc.
3. Siwaliks — i. Average height 1220 m
ii. The continuity breaks at many places as the rivers cut across
iii. Broad flat valleys called Dunes

Question 115. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Observe the map and answer the questions.
a) Identify the physiographic divisions marked as a, b, c and d.
b) Write any one characteristic feature of each of them.

Answer:
a) Northern Mountains
b) Peninsular plateau
c) East coastal plain
d) Northern plains

Question 116. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Observe the map and answer the questions.
a) Identify the physiographic divisions marked as A.
b) Write any 2 features of this physiographic division.

Question 117. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain how the Himalayan mountain ranges influence the culture and life of people of India.
Answer:

• Protects us to a certain extent from the foreign invasion from the north since ancient times.
• Causes rainfall throughout north India by blocking the monsoon winds.
• Prevents the cold winds blowing from the north from entering India and protects north India from severe cold.
• Place of diverse flora and fauna
• The source region of major north Indian rivers.

Question 118. (Qn. Pool- 2017)
Identify the major rivers marked as A, B, C and D in the given map and classify them as Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.

Answer:
A. Ganga, B. Kaveri, C. Brahmaputra, D. Tapti

1. Ganga, Brahmaputra – Himalayan rivers
2. Kaveri, Tapti – Peninsular rivers

Question 119. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Identify the physiographic divisions situated between the Arabian Sea and the ‘Western Ghats as well as between the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Ghats.
Answer:

• West coastal plain and the East coastal plain respectively.
• East coast stretches from Sundarbans to Kanyakumari.
• West coast stretches from Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari.

Question 120. (Qn. Pool-2017)
In the given flow chart showing the divisions of the northern mountains identify what a, b, c, d, e and f represents.

Answer:
a) Himadri
b) Siwalik
c) Ladak
d) Zaskar
e) Khasi
f) Jaintia/Patkaibum

Question 121. (Qn. Pool-2017)
While the western parts of the Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall during the south-west monsoon, the eastern slopes receive little rainfall. Why?
Answer:

• As the Western Ghats block is the monsoon winds coming from the southwest direction, the western slopes receive heavy rain.
• As the winds reaching the eastern side become dry, gives little rain.

Question 122. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the factors causing variations in the climate experienced in India?
Answer:
Any two factors

Question 123. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a note on the features distinguishing the west coastal plain from the east coastal plain.
Answer:
Features of west coastal plain

• Comparatively narrow
• Lakes and backwaters can be found
• Divided into Gujarat coast, Konkan coast and Malabar coast
• Between the Arabian sea and the Western ghats
• Extends from Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari (any 4)

Question 124. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write any four factors responsible for diverse climatic conditions experienced in different parts of India with one example each.
Answer:
Latitude, Himalayan mountain range, nearness to sea, winds, distance from the sea, physiography, altitude (any .4 with one example each)

Question 125. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the reasons for uneven distribution of rainfall in India?
Answer:
Nearness to sea, distance from the sea, location of mountains, direction of winds, extent of the land (any 3)

Question 126. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Describe the characteristics of the different seasons in India.
Answer:

• Winter seasons – characteristics
• Summer season – characteristics
• Southwest monsoon season – description
• Northeast monsoon – description

Question 127. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Alluvial soil is dominant in most parts of the Northern Plains. Why?
Answer:
The alluvium brought down by the rivers Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus and their tributaries from the Himalayas are deposited here.

Question 128. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write notes by mentioning the major soil types and the major crops cultivated in the northern plains as well as in the peninsular plateau.
Answer:

• Northern plains – Major soil types and crops
• Peninsular plateau – Major soil types and crops

Question 129. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the branches of southwest monsoon bifurcated by the Indian peninsula. How do these branches influence the climate of India?
Answer:

• Arabian sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.
• Mention the advancement of Bay of Bengal branch and its influence.
• Mention the advancement of Arabian Sea branch and its influence.

Question 130. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the names of any two peninsular rivers and anyone tributary for each.
Answer:

• Mahanadi/Godavari/Krishna/Kaveri/Narmada/ Tapti (any 2)
• Anyone tributary for the rivers mentioned.

Question 131. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a seminar paper on the topic ‘the role of geographical factors in the life of Indians.’
Answer:

• Life of people in different physiographic divisions.* Influence of the climatic types in the life of Indians
• The role of rivers in the life of Indians.

Question 132. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Compare the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon experienced in India based on the given hints.
1. Formation
2. Places receiving rainfall
Answer:
The sudden heating of th,e land compared to the sea results in the formation of a low-pressure region. This difference in pressure causes the winds to blow from the Indian Ocean to the land. The southeast winds in the southern hemisphere become southwest winds on reaching the northern hemisphere due to Coriolis effect -Southwest monsoon As a result of the cooling of land areas in the northern hemisphere compared to the surrounding oceans the pressure increases. This difference in pressure causes the winds to blow from the northeast in the northern hemisphere. The northeast monsoon causes rainfall in Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Kerala.

Question 133. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The role of physiography is decisive in the life of people in India.
Answer:

• Based on the topographic characteristics India can be divided into Northern mountain regions, Northern Great Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal plains, and Islands.
• Mention the influence of Northern plains in the life of Indians. (Food crops, sugarcane, cities, and towns, industrial centers, densely populated regions)
• Mention the role of Northern mountains in the life of Indians
• Mention the life of people in the Peninsular plateau, (mineral deposits, industrial centers)
• Mention the influence of coastal plains and islands in life of people (fertile soil, nuclear power production, and fishing).

Question 134. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the flowchart.

Answer:
a) Himalayas,
b) Eastern Highlands
c. Karakoram
D. Ladakh
F. Zaskar
I. Shiwalik
J. Patkaibum
H. Himachal
K. Naga hills
L. Garo, Khasi, Jaintia hills

Question 135. (Orukkam-2017)
Find out the main features of the Himalayan ranges and complete the following chart.

Answer:

Question 136. (Orukkam-2017)
The northern mountains play a very important role in molding the climax and human life of India, justify
1. Have been protecting as from foreign invasions
2. ………………………
Answer:
1. Block the monsoon winds and cause rainfall.
2. Prevent the cold dry wind from entering the north Indian plains.
3. Caused the emergence of diverse flora and fauna.
4. Source region of rivers.

Question 137. (Orukkam – 2017)
Compare the Himalayan rivers with peninsular rivers and complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 138. (Orukkam – 2017)
Find out the major Himalayan rivers, the states through which they flow and their tributaries with the help of an atlas.
Answer:
Refer atlas

Question 139. (Orukkam-2017)
List out the major characteristic features of the Northern great plains.
Answer:

• it is one of the intensive alluvial plains in the world
• One of the most densely populated regions in the world
• Known as the granary of India.

Question 140. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the following table

Answer:

Question 141. (Orukkam-2017)
List out the soil types in India.
Answer:

1. Alluvial Soil
2. Desert Soil
3. Black soil
4. Mountain Soil
5. Red Soil
6. Laterite Soil

Question 142. (Orukkam- 2017)
List out the factors controlling the climate of India.
Answer:

1. Altitude
2. Latitude
3. Physiography
4. Nearness to sea

Question 143. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out the four seasons in India.
Answer:

1. Winter Season
2. southwest monsoon
3. Summer Season
4. North-East monsoon

Question 144. (Orukkam-2017)
Prepare a brief note on western disturbances
Answer:

1. The Cyclones originates from Mediterranean sea during winter season.
2. Gradually they shift towards east and reach India.
3. Causes rainfall in the northern plains especially in the Punjab region.

Question 145. (Orukkam-2017)
Compare the southwest monsoon season with the northeast monsoon season and complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 146. (Orukkam-2017)
The distribution of rainfall is not uniform everywhere. Find out the reason.
Answer:

1. Physiography
2. Location
3. Nearness to the sea

Question 147. (Orukkam- 2017)
Find out the major Himalayan rivers, the states through which the flow and their tributary with the help of an atlas.
Answer:

Question 148. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out the major characteristic features of the peninsular plateau.
1. The most extensive physical division of India
2.
Answer:

1. Made of hard crystalline rock forms
2. The oldest division in India.
3. It has varied topography
4. Known as the storehouse of minerals.
5. Fertile black soil forced from the disintegrations of leave rocks.

Question 149. (Orukkam-2017)
Locate the peninsular river with the help of a map. List out the characteristic features of peninsular rivers to complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 150. (Orukkam – 2017)
Compare the western castal plain with the eastern coastal plain and complete the following table.

Answer:

You can Download India after Independence Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 8 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 8 Kerala towards Modernity Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 8 Notes

The European domination in Kerala began with the arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th century. The Europeans who came for trade eventually became the rulers. The arrival of the Europeans had its impact on various fields. Among the Europeans who came to Kerala, it was the English who established a suzerainty here. Various sections of people conducted resistance struggle against the English domination and their exploitation. Even though the British suppressed this resistance, it enhanced the national spirit of the Indians. The English designed a colonial economy also.

Kerala towards Modernity Question 1. Conduct a discussion on the arrival of Europeans to Kerala and the objectives for their arrival.
Answer:
The Portuguese were the first European team arrived in Kerala. They came to Kozhikode in 1498 and wanted Samoothiri to exclude the Arab traders. As Samoothiri denied this demand, they shifted to Kochi. The Dutch team arrived and expected the Portuguese from Kerala in 1663. The Dutch were defeated by Marthanda Varma in 1741 in Kulachil war. Another European power France was also defeated by the English force in the Karnatic war. All these European powers came to Kerala to enrich their trade relation. However, only the English could withstand. Finally, the trade monopoly came to the hand of the English force.

Kerala Towards Modernity Sslc Notes 10th Question 2.
Explain the circumstances how Malabar Kochi and Travancore were brought under East India Company. Prepare a note.
Answer:
Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan from Mysore arrived in Kerala when the land was administered by local rulers and chieftains. Tipu took over the control of Malabar. The rulers of Kochi and Travancore sought the help of the British to save their states from Tipu’s invasion. Henceforth, it was in the English East India Company that the local chieftains found their hope. The rulers of Kochi and Travancore, too, considered the British as their savior.

The Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley enabled the British to bring the native states under their control easily. The British ruled Malabar directly according to the terms of the Treaty of Srirangapattnam. Travancore and Kochi accepted the paramountcy of the British.

Kerala towards Modernity SSLC Question 3. Prepare a table showing early rebellion against the British and their leaders.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 4.
Observe the table and summarise your findings about Kerala’s foreign trade

Answer:

• Kerala exported products for industries in Britain and markets in Europe.
• Spices occupied important place in Kerala’s ex-port.
• Finished products were the major import items.

Kerala towards Modernity Notes Question 5. Point out the steps taken by the British to enhance trade facilities and their effects.
Answer:
The British amended trade policies prevailed in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore favorable to them. Improved the transportation facilities by constructing more roads, bridges, and railways. Developed ports in Kochi, Kozhikode, and Alappuzha to facilitate water transportation.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Malayalam Medium Question 6.
Analyze the changes taken place in agriculture sector as a result of commercialization.
Answer:
The British government encouraged cultivation aim-ing their markets. The encouraged coconut cultivation since there was demand for coconut products in foreign markets. In hill areas cash crops like coffee, tea, rubber were cultivated in large volumes. Majority of these plantations belonged to the British. In short, Kerala was made a place of commercial crop cultivation.

Kerala Towards Modernity Pdf 10th Question 7.
Prepare a note on plantation and traditional industries developed in different parts of Kerala and the factors that contributed to their growth.
Answer:
Plantation and traditional industries — Region
Tea, coffee, rubber — Wayanad, Idukki
Coconut oil, coir — Alappuzha
Cashewnut — Kollam
Tile Faroke — Kollam, Olloor
Handloom — Kannur, Kozhikode
Beedi — Kannur

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Prepare a flow chart showing industrial progress during the British period.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 9.
Narrate the circumstances for the development of English Medicine in Kerala.
Answer:
The spread of contagious diseases was responsible for gaining importance to this system of medicine in Kerala. “English Medicine” was very effective in preventing contagious diseases like smallpox and cholera which took away the lives of many thousands. There was a time when people dreaded vaccination against smallpox. The royal family of Travancore came forward to create an atmosphere among people conducive to the preventive measures by accepting vaccination against smallpox.

The princes of Travancore and Cochin created facilities for preventive measures and thus took a position different from the areas directly under the British rule. They established hospitals and extended facilities for treatment in attempts useful to people. Travancore registered much progress in this field through adopting a scientific policy of public health, by ensuring healthcare. at low cost, by facilitating education, etc.

The social reformers played a crucial role in the formation of modern Kerala. They could eradicate the social evils, superstitions and the inequality existed in the society. There were many struggles in Kerala which opposed the isolation of civil rights.

Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Evaluate how the activities of renaissance leaders brought social changes in Kerala.
Answer:

• Gave practical form to social change.
• Works of renaissance leaders for the creation of modem Kerala.
• Influence among’ the social workers of the later period.
• The activities against superstitions and caste system led to social transformation

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Question 11.
Evaluate the role of channar Revolt, Vaikkom Satyagraha, and Guruvayursatyagraha to bring about social change in Kerla.
Answer:
social change. The Channar women of southern Travancore fought for the right to cover their upper body. As a result, Uthram Thirunnai Maharaja was forced to permit the channar women to weer jackets in 1859.

The Vaikkom Satyagraha (1924), led by T.K. Madhavan was one of the major struggles that took place in Kerala for claiming the right to travel. Ex-pressing solidarity with the satyagraha, Mannath Padmanabhan organized the Savarna Jatha. Following this struggle, the lower castes secured permission to travel through the reads around the Vaikom temple.

Similarly under the leadership of K. Kelappan, an agitation was launched demanding entry for all castes of kindly into Guruvayoortemple (1931) A.K. Gopalan was the volunteer captain of this struggle. P. Krishna Pillai was callously attacked during this satyagraha. Following these popular protests, the temple entry proclamation was announced on 12 November 1936 in Travancore.

The national struggle which held for India’s independence was strong in Kerala also. The national struggle was so strong in Malabar because Malabar was under the direct control of the British. But the struggle was strong in Kochi and Travancore also. Along with Indian National Congress, the Khilafat movement, Kochi Rajya Prajamadalam, and the community’s party strengthened India’s national struggle for independence.

Std 10 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Prepare a flow chart comprising the important political protests that took place in Malabar, Travancore, and Kochi.
Answer:
The national movement in Kerala looked a unified form as the state was not administratively united.

Malabar:

Kochi:

The formation of Kerala was the ultimate result of various factors combining together. Modern Kerala is a model even to the world in various fields. Public health, public instruction, public distribution system, public transport, literacy activities, decentralization of power, etc., are certain examples for these achievements

Kerala Syllabus 10th Social Science Question 13.
Analyze the circumstances that led to the formation of the united Kerala.
Answer:
The Congress to set up state Congress Committees on linguistic basis. Taking it is into consideration the first Kerala state political conference was held at Ottappalam in 1921 under the presidentship of T. Prakasam. Later Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee came into existence uniting Travancore, Kochi and Malabar regions. The Payyannur Congress conference chaised by Jawaharlal Nehru conceded a resolution demanding the reorganization of Kerala as a distinctive state after independence.

The United Kerala Resolution was passed both in the united Kerala conventions held at Thrissur and Aluva in 1947. Consequently the state of Thirukochi was formed on I July 1949 by joining Travancore and Kochi. E.M.S. Namboodiripad in his book, ‘Onnekalkodi Malayalikal’, placed the idea that the Kerala state was to be formed combining the Malayalam speaking regions. The state of Kerala came into existence on I November 1956 unifying Malabar, Kochi, and Thiruvitamkur as per the recommendation of the state recognization commission.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Question 14.
Prepare a magazine collecting information from various sources on the achievement of Kerala in the field of land reform, public health, education, etc.,
Answer:
land reform, public health, education, decentralization of power, etc., are the important fields where Kerala achieved tremendous progress. These are the major features of Kerala. Through land reforms, restriction was made land available to the landless. District- table-Primary health centers and government medical colleges are examples for the progress achieved

Let Us Assess

10th Class Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Match the following:

Answer:

10th Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
How did English East India get dominance in Kerala?
Answer:
There was lack of unity among the provinces in Kerala. The company could therefore easily suppress the resistance of people in Kerala. They also started educational institutions and hospitals. All these helped them to establish domination in Kerala.

10th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 17.
Complete the list by finding out the persons related to the events given from the names given in brackets.

(Dr. Palpu, GP. Pillai, Pazhassiraja, K. Kelapan, K.B. Menon, Sreenarayana Guru, Veluthampi Dawala, T.K. Madhavan)
Answer:
Kundra Proclamation : Veluthampi Dawala
Vaikkam Satyagraha : T.K. Madhavan
GuruvayoorSatyagraha : K. Kelapan
Keezhariyoor Bomb case : K.B. Menon
Malayali Memorial : G.P. Pillai

Social Science Notes Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 18.
List out the reformation movements and prorwara swcwiopws in Kerala to eradicate social inequalities and evils.
Answer:

Strikes: Channar Revolt, Vaikkom satyagraha, Guru vayoor satyagraha.

Kerala Towards Modernity In Malayalam 10th Question 19.
National movement in Kerala had no uniformity. Find out the reasons.
Answer:
The national movement in Kerala locked a unified form as the state was not administratively united. The British ruled the Malabar region directly, whereas Kochi and Travancore were indirectly ruled through the president. Because of this reason, political agitations were not active in Kochi and Travancore as in Malabar.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Notes Question 20.
Give a detailed account of the events that led to the united Kerala.
Answer:

• The Nagpur session of the Congress held in 1920.
• The first Kerala State Political Conference held ofOttapalam in 1921.
• Formation of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee.
• The Payyannur Congress Conference.
• The united Kerala conferences and the united Kerala resolution.
• Formation of the state of Thiru-Kochi in 1949.
• Formation of the state of Kerala in 1956.

Kerala towards Modernity Model Questions & Answers

Question 21.
Discuss the freedom movements in Kerala after 1920.
Answer:
The history of Kerala witnessed several freedom movements especially after 1920. The movements include the following.

Non-Cooperation Movement and Salt Satyagraha:
As decided at the Nagpur session (1920), NonCooperation movement was started throughout the country. In Kerala, too, there was widespread boycott of foreign goods, courts, and educational institutions. The Malabar Rebellion of 1921 and the student’s agitation of 1922 in Travancore were events of great political significance during this period.

The Salt-Satyagraha under the leadership of Gandhiji had its own repercussions in Kerala. Payyannur in Malabar was the main venue of the Satyagraha in Kerala. Many batches of Satyagrahis from different parts of Kerala marched to Payyannurto take part in the Satyagraha.

Quit India Movement:
The Quit India Movement launched in August 1942 was widespread in Cochin and Malabar, though not so extensive in Travancore. During the Quit India Movement, there were sensational and violent incidents in Malabar involving disruption of communication and attack on government offices and police stations. The Keezhariyur Bomb case, in which 27 persons including Dr. K.B. Menon, Socialist leader and Secretary of Indian Civil Liberties Union were charge-sheeted, was the important episode of the struggle in Malabar. Even underground papers like ‘Swathantra BharatanT were brought out during the struggle.

Agitation in Travancore and Cochin:
After the Haripura session of the Indian National Congress which decided that separate organizations should be formed in native States for the agitation for responsible government, the Travancore State Congress and the Cochin State Praja Mandal were formed.

Question 22.
Kerala could make notable achievements in the health sector. What are your suggestions to maintain this?
a) Ensure the supply of pure drinking water,
b) Establish intensive cleaning programme.
c) Intensity preventive measures of diseases.
d) Provide medical facilities to all in less expense.
e) Make essential medical facilities in all Primary Health Centres.

Question 23.
Narrate the developments that led to Kurichiya rebellion.
Answer:
The British overthrew the traditional land revenue collection system and made several experiments in this field. They wanted to collect as much revenue as possible in India. British reversed the revenue system of Malabar and framed out the collection of revenues to different Rajas for lump sums. The assessments were very high and the people found it difficult to pay the land revenue.

Pazhassi Raja boldly decided to challenge the British authority and to resist their attempt to collect taxes. After the suppression of the Pazhassi revolt, Wynad was brought under the strict control of the British. The Kurichyas and Kurumbas were subjected to untold abuses and privations. The British revenue settlement was the most unkindest cut on the life of the tribal people. The rate of land revenue was exhortation and its method of collection in cash was harsh. In short, the Kurichia rebellion was a good example popular rebellion against the British supremacy.

Question 24.
What was the taxation policy followed by the British government?
Answer:
The stranglehold of revenue system heightened its grip on other articles of daily use besides taxes on land, salt, tobacco, etc. Houses, shops, cattle, ferry, fishing net, looms, toddy, arrack, knives, etc. were important among them. In effect, nothing was spared from the grip of the Government. About fifty more different faxes were imposed.

The British tried to collect huge amounts through petty taxes. Let us have a look at the sufferings of the people on account of them. Women who earned their livelihood by collecting firewood from the forests were not permitted to take home the same without paying the tax. Those who had to cross rivers had to pay a tax. Many who tried to swim across to evade tax were drowned in the river.

Question 25.
What is Pandarappattam Proclamation?
Answer:
During the time of Marthanda Varma, state-owned * land (Pandaravaka) was leased out to Christian and Muslims on rent. Later, Ezhavas and other backward communities were also given land. The purpose of it all was to increase the revenue of the State treasury by expanding agriculture. Resources to maintain the British army and to pay tributes to the British had to be raised. This was the inspiration behind the proclamation. The rich agriculturists tried to graduate their possession right into right of ownership. Clamors were made to this end. Finally, the Government of Travancore conceded this right. Through the Pandarapattam proclamation, those who possessed state-owned land got rights of ownership and inheritance.

Question 26.
The peasant uprising of Malabar was known as,
a) Kurichia rebellion
b) Mappila uprisings
c) Freedom struggle
Answer:
Mappila uprisings

Question 27.
What were the circumstances which led to the emergence of severe opposition to the English East India Company among the people of Malabar?
Answer:

• The Company’s declaration that both the rulers and their subjects should be under their control.
• Increase in tax
• Exploitation policy of the Company

Question 28.
State the reasons why Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja led revolution against foreign domination?
Answer:
Pazhassi Raja acted as an ally of British in their * Mysore invasions. They gave the right to collect taxes from Kottayam to the king of Kurumbanadu. Provoked by this Pazhassi blocked the whole revenue system. The British proceeded to take action against Pazhassi. They tried to annex Pazhassi’s territories to British India. Hence Pazhassi Raja attempted to eliminate colonial power through guerilla warfare with the assistance of his soldiers including Kurichyas the tribal community of Waynad.

Question 29.
How did the agricultural reforms implemented by the British cause the peasant revolts in Malabar?
Answer:
Muslim peasants in Malabar revolted throughout the 19th century against the land tenurial system introduced by the British. The fact that the landlords who fled from Malabar, during Tipu’s invasion were again made landowners by the British and heavy taxes imposed on peasants were the cause of the revolt. The government neither take any steps to increase the fertility of the land nor tried to use the wasteland for cultivation. The British compelled the peasants to cultivate plantation crops like cashew nut and rubber in the place of traditional crops like pepper.

Question 30.
Why was the peasant uprisings of Malabar called ‘Mappila uprisings’?
Answer:
The revolts against the British in Malabar were the culmination of the protests of the Mappila tenants, agricultural laborers, artisans, petty traders, etc., overa period of time. The involvement of the ordinary people in this struggle was noteworthy. A sizeable number of the peasants of Eranad and Valluvanad taluks of Malabar were Mappila Muslims. It was they who participated in these struggles. Hence these up-risings were called ‘Mappila uprisings’ by the British.

Question 31.
What were changes effected by the Pandarappattam and Janmi-Kudiyan Proclamations? To what extent did they help the peasants?
Answer:
The Janmis got the right to evict the tenants who failed to pay such high rents and passing the lands to new tenants. They began attempts to evict actual cultivators from agricultural lands. The British officials, police, and judiciary stood for assisting the activities of the landlords in Travancore and Cochin. The problems of the tenants continued unaltered. Their resistance grew into protests. Organized peasant movements came forward to take up their issues during the period by the Freedom Movement and after.

Question 32.
What was the result of Channar Revolt?
Answer:
Vaikundaswamikal, who gave leadership to the move- menttoputan end to the disabilities of the Channar community in the Travancore region. It was he who provided the Channar sections with strong minds capable of fighting, by making them recognize their social position through making use of the educational opportunities inaugurated by the missionaries. The Channar women created history by staging a struggle for the right to wear upper clothes. The Channar Revolt for gaining this right, begun in 1822, came to a successful end in 1859. It was following this prolonged struggle that the Maharaja had to issue an order allowing Channar women to wear upper clothes.

Question 33.
Analyze the impact of British rule on Kerala’s trade, industry, and agriculture.
Answer:

• There was tremendous growth in foreign trade and Kerala has become a part of global market.
• Land relationships changed considerably and agriculture was commercialized.
• Large number of industries were established.
• Commercial crops were cultivated at large in plantations.
• Along with plantation corps, traditional and modern industries also grew up.

Question 34.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 35.
Match column B and C with A.

Answer:

Question 36.
Prepare a time line showing events that aimed to form a united Kerala
Answer:

Question 37.
Who were the leaders of ‘Salt Sathyagraham’ that conducted in Kerala in 1930? (Prepare a short not on the struggles that took place in Kerala as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement)
Answer:
In Kerala, strong programs of propaganda were organized as part of Salt Satyagraha, A batch of volunteers under the leadership of K Kelappan took out a procession from Calicut to Payyanuron foot to break the Salt Law. Another group under the leader-ship ofT.R. Krishnaswami lyertoo went there. The processions proceeded accepting greetings of people on route.

The style of the struggle underwent a change following the arrest of the Mahatma on 5th May. The police brutally suppressed the satyagrahis who came to break the salt Law at Calicut beach on 12th may Mohamed Abdul Rahiman Sahib, P. Krishna Pillai, R.V. Sharma, T.R. Krishnaswami Iyer, and K. Madhavan Nair were sentenced to rigorous imprisonment.

Question 38.
Evaluate the role of Renaissance leaders with could create a progressive society in Kerala.
Answer:
a) Vaikunda Swamikal: He realized the ‘hollowness of caste system’ and installed a mirror in the temple to enlighten the people the oneness of the godliness.
b) Chattambi Swamikal: He opposed the caste system and propagated the vision of ‘Adwaida’ means oneness of godliness. Swamikal was known as ‘Sarva Vidyarthi raja’
c) Sree Narayana Guru: Sree Narayana Guru is the symbol of love and humanity. He stood strongly against the priesthood of Brahmins, their nobility and the caste system and propagated equality and humanity of man. He exhorted the people to be strong by unity and to awaken by knowledge.
d) Ayyankali: Ayyankali played a prominent role to instill self-confidence and sense of unity among them. He spoke for the right to enter government schools. He organized and prepared the agricultural laborers to struggle for their rights who were subjected to all kinds of exploitation.
e) Vakkom Abdul Khadar Moulavi: The leader among Muslims who propagated modern education among Muslims. He took initiative to eliminate the evils of religious customs.
f) V.T. Bhattathirippad: He was a nobleman of modem thought. He raised his voice against evil customs in Namboodiri community and worked for the freedom of women.
g) Sahodaran Ayyappan: He tried to prove that polytheism was irrational and fought against alcoholism and exploitation of peasants and for this started interdining. All these leaders were trying to reform the society.

Question 39 (Qn. Pool-2017)
Who were the foreign traders who had trade relations with Kerala before the coming of the Europeans?
Answer:
Arabs, Chinese

Question 40. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Arrange the following in chronological order,
i) Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch in the Colachel War.
ii) British defeated the French in the Karnatic Wars.
iii) The Dutch defeated the Portuguese.
Answer:
I – iii
II – i
III – ii

Question 41. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate how commercialisation of agriculture influences the agricultural sector of Kerala.
Answer:

• Market-driven cultivation
• Encouraged coconut cultivation
• Reduction in rice production
• Food scarcity
• Spread of cassava cultivation
• Plantation crops in the hilly area

Question 42. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the situation that led to the Attingal Revolt.
Answer:
The natives who were furious over making Anchuthengu fort an important military base killed about 150 English men who were on their way to hand over gifts to the queen of the Attingal in 1721. This is known as Attingal Revolt.

Question 43. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which was the first organized revolt against the British in Kerala?
Answer:
Attingal Revolt.

Question 44. (Qn. Pool-2017)
According to which treaty did Malabar come under British dominance?
Answer:|
Sreeranga Papattanam Treaty of 1792.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate circumstances that made native rulers and chieftains turn against the British.
Answer:
After attaining political dominance, the British started to interfere in the powers of the kings and the landlords. The interference in the freedom and privileges that the native rulers and chieftains enjoyed for centuries invited antagonism.

Question 46. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the circumstances for Kerala coming under British dominance around the eighteenth century.
Answer:

• According to the Sriranga pattanam Treaty of 1792, Malabar came under the British dominance.
• In 1792, Kochi Raja accepted British supremacy and was forced to pay tribute.
• As per the treaty of 1795, Travancore also admitted the British dominance.
• Thus by the 18th century, the British ruled Malabar directly and Kochi and Travancore indirectly.

Question 47. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What made Pazhassi Raja turn against the British?
Answer:
The refusal of the British to honour promise given to Pazhassi Raja for his assistance during the Mysore War, entitling Pazhassi Raja to collect tax from Kottayam region.

Question 48. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Elucidate the circumstances that made Veluthampi and PajiyathAchan enemies of the British.
Answer:
The uncontrolled intervention of the British in the internal affairs of Travancore and Kochi made the Diwan of Travancore Velu Thampi and of Kochi Paliyath Achan the enemies of the British.

Question 49. (Qn. Pool-2017)
In what name is Veluthampi’s call for armed fight against the British known?
Answer:
Kundara Proclamation

Question 50. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which were the measures adopted by the British to increase and control foreign trade?
Answer:

• Trade laws that existed in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore were amended by the British in favor of them.
• Introduced unified coinage and metrology system.
• Built roads, railways and bridges to improve transport facilities.
• Developed the ports of Kochi, Kozhikode, and Alappuzha.

Question 51. (Qn. Pool-2017)
“The changes made by the British in the pattern of land ownership in Malabar made the life in the peasants miserable”. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Local chieftains and landlords were made owners of the land.
• Taxwaspre-determined. .
• The local chieftains collected huge amount as tax from tenants.
• The tenants were evicted.
• Life became miserable for tenants.

Question 52. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The implementation of which act gave a limited right over the land of the tenants in Malabar.
Answer:
The Malabar Tenant’s Act of 1929.

Question 53. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What were the changes made in the land relationship in Travancore during the time of Marthanda Varma?
Answer:

• Land owned by landlords were converted into government (Pandaravaka) property.
• The Pandara Patta Vilambaram of 1865 gave the tenants ownership of the land they cultivated.
• The tenants in Travancore got ownership of the land through the Janmi KudiyanActof 1896.
• By virtue of this act the tenants in Travancore became small landowners in limited scale.

Question 54. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why is it said that the National Movement in Kerala did not have a unified form?
Answer:
Kerala was not politically unified.

Question 55. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Match the following
A — B
i) 1865 — a) Malabar Tenants Act
ii) 1914 — b) Pandarapatta Vilambaram
iii) 1929 — c) KudiyanmaAct
Answer:
i – b,
ii – c,
iii – a

Question 56. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Some traditional industries started in Kerala during British dominance and their major centers are given below. Match them.
A — B
i) Coir Industry — a) Thrissur
ii) Cashew Industry — b) Kannur
iii) Tile Industry — c) Alappuzha
iv) Handloom Industry — d) Kollam
Answer:
i – c,
ii – d,
iii – a,
iv – b

Question 57. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the features of the judicial system introduced in Kerala by the British.
Answer:
Instead of punishing the accused on the basis of his caste, after hearing the accused, unified punishment was given depending on the nature of the guilt. All were considered equal before law.

Question 58. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a small essay basest on the reform movements and social changes.
Answer:
Untouchability and unapproachability prevailed in Kerala where caste system was strong. Evil practices and superstitions prevailed in all communities. Modern education and western thoughts motivated the educated people to fight against this injustice. Channar revolt by Channar women for the right to cover the upper part of the body, consecrations of the Siva idol at Aruvippuram are examples for this.

Vaikom Satyagraha under the leadership of T.K. Madhavan and Saravarna Jatha under the leadership of Mannath Padmanabhan won the right for lower caste people to walk on the road near the temple. The Guruvayoor Satyagraha under the leadership of P. Krishna Pillai and A.K. Gopalan, the Travancore Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936 followed by temple entry proclamation of Kochi and Malabar gave right for the lower caste to enter the temples.

Question 59. Qn. Pool – 2017)
Which book of EMS Namboodiripad put forward the idea of the formation of Kerala including Malayalam speaking regions?
Answer:
Onnekal Kodi Malayalikal

Question 60. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Some social reformers and the organizations led by them are given below. Match them properly.
Social Reformers — Organisations
i) Vaikaunda Swamikal — Prathyaksha Raksha DaivaSabha
ii) Ayyankali — Samathwa Samajam
iii) Vaghbhadanandan — SadhuJana Paripalana Sangham
iv) Kumara Gurudevan — Atmavidhya Sangham
Answer:
i – b,
ii – c,
iii – d,
iv – a

Question 61. (Qn. Pool-2017)
“In the cultural arena of Kerala, British influence is evident’’. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Beginning of printing
• Service of the Jesuit missionaries
• Dictionary and grammar book
• The concept of education for all irrespective of caste.
• Early Malayalam newspapers
• Beginning of schools and colleges.

Question 62. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Complete the table given below based on the indicators given.

Answer:
i) Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
ii) Pandit K.P. Karuppan
iii) Thiruvithamcore Muslim Mahajana Sabha
iv) Nair Service Society

Question 63. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the civil disobedience movement of 1930 and the subsequent incidents,
Answer:

• Civil disobedience movement became powerful in Kerala. In Malabar under the leadership of K. Kelappan, in Payyannurand under the leadership of Muhammad Abdul Rahman Sahib in Kozhikode salt law was violated.
• Boycott of foreign goods, picketing of liquor shops, propagation of Khadi all become powerful.
• When civil disobedience movement was stopped some leaders joined the socialist party.
• In 1939, under the leadership of P. Krishna Pillai, A.K. Gopalan and EMS Socialist Party was reorganized as Indian Communist Party.
• Communist Party led the peasants and workers to fight against the British Raj.
• Strong agitation related to Quit India Movement started in Malabar.
• Keezhiyoor Bomb Case was a significant episode.

Question 64.
(Qn. Pool-2017)
Arrange the following events chronologically
1. Punnapra-Vayalar Protest
2. Malayan Memorial
3. Ezhava Memorial
4. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
Answer:
a). Malayali Memorial
b) Ezhava Memorial
c) Formation of the Travancore State Congress
d) Punnapra-Vayalar Protest

Question 65. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which Congress session passed the resolution demanding the formation of the Kerala State after independence?
Answer:
Payyannur Congress Session

Question 66. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The national movement in Kerala lacked a unified form’. Substantiate this statement analyzing the activities of the national movements in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore.
Answer:

• For evaluating the national, movements in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore,
• Non-Co-operation movement, Malabar Rebellion, SaltSathyagraha, Quit India Movement.

Question 67. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the factors that led Kerala to come under the English East India Company?
Answer:

• Sriranga pattanam Treaty in which Malabar come under the British.
• To resist the invasion of Tipu, the princely state of Travancore and Kochi joined the Subsidiary Alliance.

Question 68. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a short note on the contributions of missionaries in spreading modern education in Malabar.
Answer:

• Activities of Herman Gundert
• Schools established in places like Kozhikode and Thalassery.

Question 69. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate how the involvement of Renaissance leaders resulted in social changes.
Answer:

• Provided practical form to social change
• Involvement of reform leaders for the creation of modern Kerala.
• Influence on the later social reformers
• Initiatives against superstition and caste system resulted in social changes.

Question 70. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the timeline given below.

Answer:

Question 71. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following table.

Answer:

Question 72. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following diagram.

Answer:

Question 73. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following timeline.

Answer:

Question 74. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the Comparison table.

Answer:

Question 75. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 76. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the given time line related to the national movement in Kerala.

Answer:

Question 77. (Orukkam 2017)
Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
2. United Kerala Convention
3. The formation of Kochi-Rajya Prajamandalam
4. Ottappalam Conference
Answer:
1. Ottappalam Conference
2. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
3. The formation of Kochi-Rajya Prajamandalam
4. United Kerala Convention

Question 78.
Explain the events that led to a united Kerala.
Answer:

• Nagpure congress committee in 1920.
• First Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee in 1921.
• Payyannur Congress Committee.
• United Kerala Convention
• Merger of Travancore and Cochin.
• Formation of Kerala State in 1956.

You can Download Culture and Nationalism Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 5 Culture and Nationalism Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 5 Notes

Hss Live Guru 10th History Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Can you find out the objectives of English education in India from his statement?
Answer:

• To prepare a generation that favors English life styles.
• Compulsion to work with low wages.
• Impose interest towards British culture.
• To make people work under the British rule.

Culture And Nationalism Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Did the British rule lead to the growth of Indian nationalism ? Evaluate.
Answer:
The British captured India in the 19th century. Their culture, ideologies which entered in to the Indian society was to be restricted. This was thought by those who gained English education and democracy, liberty, equality, scientific awareness,socialism and fundamental rights.

They tried to modify the social customs and traditions and to prevent the entry of English culture. This resulted in restricting the inequalities and violation of rights which prevailed in the Indian society and to inculcate nationalism among Indians.

Culture And Nationalism Class 10 Notes Pdf Question 3.
How did the ideologies put forward by Indian reform movements create nationalism among Indians? Discuss on the basis of the given hints:
Answer:
Opposition to Caste System:
Social reformers succeeded in creating a feeling of universal brotherhood forgetting the bonds of caste and religion.

Advocating for Equal Rights:
The British had a feeling that they were racially superior and it created a feeling of nationalism among Indians. British kept up the same even in the jurisdiction.

Defending the instruction of foreign ideas and culture:
British captured India in the 19th century. Their culture, ideologies which entered into the Indian society was to be restricted. This was thought by those who gained English education and democracy, liberty, equality, scientific awareness, socialism and fundamental rights.

They tried to modify the social customs and traditions and to prevent the entry of English culture. This resulted in restricting the inequalities and violation of rights which prevailed in the Indian society and to inculcate nationalism among Indians.

Protest against social evils:
Caste system is a social protest against human equality. Raja Ram Mohan Roy protested against polygamy, child marriage. Sree Narayana Guru fought against caste system and social evils.

Educational Development:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy strives for establishing modem education in India. He explained the prominence of Mathematics, Chemistry and Philosophy.

Protest against the Discrimination imposed upon women:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated for the right of woman to own property. Brahmasamaj advocated for a higher status of women in the society. ‘Prabha System’ was withdrawn Widow Remarriage was established. ‘Sati’ was abolished, polygamy was withdrawn, education for women was advocated

Nationalism In India Class 10 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Examine the role of news papers in making people aware of exploitation and violation of rights they faced.
Answer:
News papers played an important role in making people aware of their problems. Freedom of press was limited. Rulers tried to block the news which was against them. Social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ramakrishna Pillai brought the exploitation and violation through newspapers. Ramakrishna Pillai questioned the kingly powers and struggled for civil rights. Raja Ram Mohan Roy protested against Sati, child marriage, illiteracy.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Find out the names of Malayalam news papers published during the time of independence movement and list them.
Answer:

10th State Syllabus Social Science Question 6.
Prepare a speech on the role of the press in fostering national unity and social reformation in India.
Answer:
Dear friends,
With the entry of printing machine the cost of exchange of ideas and knowledge has lowered. It was done by news papers and many other journals. The British tried to control but could not succeed. Newspapers brought out the cruel face of the British. They played an import ant role in organizing public discussions, political movements and developing nationalism.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Question 7.
Identify the role of education from these observations.
Answer:

• To bring about changes in society.
• To maintain unity.
• As technology and the culture changes, the role of education evolves.
• To equip people with the knowledge to make a positive difference in society.
• Helps instill values, attitudes and behaviors that align with those expected in a society

Hsslive Guru 10th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
How did the advancement in education help nurture Indian Nationalism.
Answer:
Western education was helpful for the growth of Indian nationalism. Indians became aware of brotherhood, equality, liberty and self rule.The British was domineering and had a discrimination over Indians. This wounded their emotions. They decided to unite and fight against the British. English became a common language of the educated.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Question Bank Question 9.
Following are some ideas envisioned in national education. Read carefully. List the institutions that worked for materializing these ideas.
Answer:

Hss Live Class 10 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
How did literature in various languages motivate Indian nationalism? Discuss.
Answer:
Literature motivated Indian nationalism. Protest against British grew as a result of hatred. But literates and middle class showed different ways towards them. They showed their resentments through articles, novels, plays and news papers. Subrahmania Bharathi, Tagore, Premchand, Althaf Hussai Ali were the writers at that age. They wrote about the agonies and atrocities faced by the people.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Questions And Answers Question 11.
Prepare an essay on the factors that contributed to the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
Role of painters:
Painters played a vital role in the emergence of Indian nationalism. Raja Ravi Varma visualised various scenes from Indian epics and literature following the western style. Nandalal Bose protested against ‘Sati’.

Abanindranath Tagore pictured Bharath Matha giving goods, cloth and knowledge to Indian masses. Painters played an important role to be free from western style and to promote Indian culture and nationalism.

Role of Literature:
Literature motivated Indian nationalism. Protest against British grew as a result of hatred. But literates and middle class showed different ways towards them. They showed their resentments through articles, novels, plays and news papers. Subrahmania Bharathi, Tagore, Premchand, Althaf Hussai Ali were the writers at that age. They wrote about the agonies and atrocities faced by the people.

Role of Newspaper:
The newspapers during the freedom struggle functioned with the aim to create awareness on social issues, to help them to participate in the national movement and to treat any problem any where as a national problem. Indian leaders depended on new papers to promote nationalistic ideologies.

Journalism was a social service. They criticized the British policies. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first to launch the news paper with the national perspective. His Sambath Kaumudi in Bengali, Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian focused on social reformation, democracy and nationalism. Following the same, many reformers and national leaders published newspapers in regional languages.

The British imposed strict measures to control the power of press. The Vernacular Press Act by Lord Lytton in 1878 was one among them. As it restrained the freedom of  press in regional languages, the British withdrew the act after a massive protest. The protection, circulation and reading were a part of freedom struggle during those days.

Role of Education:
It was education that helped India to fight against the British colonial supremacy and social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. The establishment of national educational institutions was the important one to inculcate nationalism. Through this, secular education was imparted.

Role of Social reform movements:
Liberal outlook, passion for modernization and rationalism that nurtured in India society in the 19th century paved the way for the emergence of various social reform movements. They had two main objectives.

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• Ensure civil right to education, travel and dress code.
• The socioeconomic situation in India was not favorable to achieve these goals. So, proposals were advanced by the reformers to bring about fundamental changes in the society.
• Eradicate caste system .
• Protect the rights of all .
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.

Culture and Nationalism Let Us Assess

10th Standard History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
‘Indian nationalism was a form of protest against and dissent to the British colonialism’. Substantiate.
Answer:
By the 19^th century, English culture and ideologies began to intrude into Indian society. Some Indian leaders found it necessary to resist this cultural invasion. Most of them were English educated Indians who internalized the concepts like democracy, liberty, rationalism, equality, scientific temper, socialism, civil rights, etc.

They ventured to reform the social customs and rituals prevailed in the country, thereby to defend the invasion of English culture. They tried to reform Indian society, language, art and literature. It motivated to protest against inequalities and violation of rights and created a sense of unity among the people.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Notes Question 2.
The news papers have a major role in unifying the people of a country. Evaluate the significance of this statement in Indian context.
Answer:
The newspapers during the freedom struggle functioned with the aim to create awareness on social issues, to help them to participate in the national movement and to treat any problem any where as a national problem. Indian leaders depended on new papers to promote nationalistic ideologies.

Journalism was a social service. They criticized the British policies. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first to launch the news paper with the national perspective. His Sambath Kaumudi in Bengali, Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian focused on social reformation, democracy and nationalism. Following the same, many reformers and national leaders published newspapers in regional languages.

The British imposed strict measures to control the power of press. The Vernacular Press Act by Lord Lytton in 1878 was one among them. As it restrained the freedom of press in regional languages, the British withdrew the act after a massive protest. The protection, circulation and reading were a part of freedom struggle during those days.

Hsslive Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Evaluate how changes in education influenced the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
It was education that helped India to fight against the British colonial supremacy and social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. The establishment of national educational institutional the important one to inculcate nationalism. Through this, secular education was imparted.

The Oeccan Education Society founded in 1884 in Pune by G.G. Agarkar, Bal Gangadhar Thilak and Mahadev Govinda Ranade was one of such educational institutions established with a nationalistic perspective.The Swadeshi Movement in 1905, after the partition of Bengal founded many educational institutions. D.K. Karve started the first Indian women University in Maharashtra in 1916.

It was started for women empowerment. Many educational institutions also developed for promotion of nationalism opposition to social aids and rejection of western education. Visvabharathi, founded by Rabindranath Tagore focused on Universal brotherhood. Tagore aimed at a system that would bridge western and eastern cultures.

When the national movement became strong, under Mahatma Gandhi, a team led by Maulana Mohammed Ali, Shoukath Ali, Dr, Zakir Hussain and M. Ansari founded Tamia Millia Islamia in Aligart. It was to strengthen national movement through secular education. Intrusion of western arts and education ruined Indian traditional arts.

Initiatives were taken to defend the cultural invasion and promote traditional arts. Kerala Kalamandalam in Cheruthuruthy village of Thrissur established by Mahakavi Vallathol Narayana Menon aimed at this.In 1937, Mahatma Gandhi proposed Wardha education plan on vocational education. He dreamt that it would build up a good future, a generation to defend the British.

Class 10 History Chapter 5 Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Identify the correlation between the items in section A and complete section B in the same way.
i. A. Vallathol Narayana Menon: Malayalam
B. Altaf Husain Hali :
ii. A. Bharat Mata: Abanindranath, Tagore
B. Sati :
iii. A. Anandamath : Novel
B. Nil Darpan :
iv. A. Arya Samaj: Swami Dayananda Saraswati
B. Rama Krishna Mission:
Answer:
i.A. Vallathol Narayana Menon: Malayalam.
B.Altaf Husain Hali : Urdu.
ii.A. Bharat Mata : Abanindranath Tagore.
B. Sati : Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
iii.A. Anandamath : Novel.
B. Nil Darpan : Drama.
iv.A. Arya Samaj : Swami Dayananda Saraswati.
B. Rama Krishna Mission: Swami Viveka nandan.

Culture and Nationalism Orukkam Questions and Answers

10th Class History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Complete the table.
Answer:

10th History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
List out the circumstances helps to develop unity in the minds of Indians.
Some Indian leaders found it necessary to resist the ideas and cultural invasion of Britishers into Indian Society.
Answer:

• The Indians who got English education found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British.
• Those who had English education started national educational institutions.
• Encouraged secular education.
• Jointly worked together against the inequalities of Indian society.

Class 10 Nationalism In India Notes Question 3.
List out any two major objectives of social reform movements in India.
Protest against various social evils.
Answer:

• To ensure equal civil rights to education,travel and dress code.
• Eradicate caste system.
• Protect the rights of all Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.

History 10th Class Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Complete the sun diagram given below.

Answer:
a. Eradicate caste system
b. Eliminate discrimination against women.
c. Abolish child marriage and eliminate supremacy of clergy.
d. Protect the rights of all.
e. Provide education to all.

Hsslive Guru Class 10 Social Science Question 5.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a.Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
b.AryaSamaj.
c.Padita Rama Bai.
d.Ramakrishna Mission.
e.Atmaram Pandurang.
f.Self Respect Movement.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions Question 6.
Complete the Time line given below.

Answer:
a. English education introduced in India.
b.1856
c. Vernacular Press Act
d.1884
e. First Indian women University in Maharashtra.
f. 1937
g. Indian National Congress.

Question 7.
List out the role of news papers to foster nationalism during the period of national movement.
Created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British.
Answer:
Disseminated information on massacres oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country.
Popularized reformative movements against social evils and superstitions.
Motivated the people to protest against the British rule and evils in Indian society.
Kept abreast of the global agitations for freedom democracy and equality.
Reported the calamities like plague and famines.

Question 8.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a. Bengali.
b. Vandematharam.
c. G. Subrahmania Iyer.
d. Maulana Abdul KalamAzad .
e. Annie Besant.

Question 9.
Complete table given below.

Answer:

Question 10.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a.  Women empowerment.
b.  Universal Brotherhood.
c.  Secular Education.
d.  Revival of traditional arts.
e.  Vocational education.

Question 11.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 12.
Complete the table.

Answer:
A. Bharat Mata.
B. Abnindranath Tagore.
C. Sathi.
D. Nandalal Bose.
E. Raja Ravi Varma.
F. Painting of Village Life.

Culture and Nationalism Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Nationalism?
Answer:
Nationalism is the sense of unity that exists among the people of a nation irrespective of caste, creed, region and religion.

Question 2.
Which were the two types of protests emerged in India, during the 19th century in the cultural field.
Answer:

• Protest against inequality, violations of rights and social evils which existed in the Indian society.
• Protest against the economic exploitation of the colonial forces.

Question 3.
Which were the factors that prompted the introduction of English Educationalist in India?
Answer:
The British colonialists realized the fact that an in depth understanding of the social cultural life of the Indians was essential to strengthen their rule. They learned about Indian society from the works in Sanskrit and Persian and by translating them.

They established several institutions to study more about India, to interfere in Indian education system, and to train their own officers.Later the British rulers realized that it was not possible to know India well through these efforts alone.

To ensure commercial growth, the British thinkers who favored free trade argued for strong British intervention in Indian society. But, it was not possible to bring about reforms without popular support. Hence they started English education to nurture a fraction of Indian society that would support Britain.

Question 4.
From the column given below, choose the suitable one from ‘B’ that match with ‘A’.

Answer:

Question 5.
Evaluate the role played by social reformer movements in the emergence of nationalism.
Answer:
Liberal outlook, passion for modernization and rationalism nurtured in Indian society in the 19 century paved the way for the emergence of various social reforms. They had two main objectives.

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• To ensure equal civil rights to education, travel and dress code.

The socioeconomic situation in India was not favorable to achieve these goals .So the reformers aimed at bringing about the fundamental changes in the society . For this they advanced the following proposals .

• Eradicate caste system
• Protect the rights of all.
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow marriage
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.

Raja Rammohan roy was the pioneer among the social reformers who strives hard for the modernization of Indian society. He opposed caste system and sati, social evils prevailed in the Indian society and established the brahma samaj in Bengal.

He propagated the idea of a unified Indian society in the place of a society fragmented over caste lines. This idea prompted patriotism among the people. Thus the concept of a unified nation became one of the objectives of social reform .

To improve the status of women, he advocated for the right of women to own property. Taking cue from his ideologies, many leaders from various parts of India ventured to reform the society. In Bengal,Ishwar chandra vidyasagar argued for remarriage of widows.

As a result the British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856. He established educational institutions for women education. Such centers for women education were founded in various parts of the country. Sarada Sadan in Bombay established by Padita Ramabai was one of the important institutions among them.

Question 6.
List down the social evils in India banned by the British through laws.
Answer:

• Banned female infanticide ‘Abolished sati.
• Permitted Widow remarriage.
• Prevented Child marriage and polygamy.
• Prevented marriage of girls below 12 years of age, Abolished Slavery.

Questioned 7.
Evaluate the role of news papers in the emergence of nationalism in India.
Answer:
The Newspapers during freedom struggle functioned with the aims to create public awareness of various social issues, to motivate everyone to participate in the national movement and to prompt the people to treat the problem anywhere in the country as a national problem.

Role of Newspapers :

• Disseminated information on massacres, oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country.
• Popularized reformative movements against social evils and superstitions.
• Motivated the people to protest against the British rule and evils in Indian society.
• Kept abreast of the global agitations for freedom, democracy and equality.
• Created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British.
• Reported the calamities like plague and famines that killed thousands of Indians in various regions.

Question 8.
Explain how changes in the field of education led to the emergence of nationalism in India.
Answer:
Education was the major field which witnessed the conflict of 2 diverse interests.

• The British interest to gain political, economic and cultural hegemony over India.
• The Indian interest to free the country from political .economic and cultural domination of the British.

Education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India.Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. They imparted secular education to all sections of the society.

Question 9.
Arrange the table given below properly.

Answer:

Question 10.
What was the theme of Bankim Chandra Chatterji’s novel Anandamath?
Answer:
Bankim Chandra Chatterji a famous Bengali writer adopted novel a western form of literature as a medium to portray the plight of Indian society. Of his novels, the most notable is anandamath based on the Sanyasi Revolt of Bengali peasants.

He would well illustrate the agonies of Bengali farmers and disparity between rich and poor in the Bengali society. Thus Indian society came to know about the predicaments of the Bengali’s. The song Bandematharam is taken from this novel.

Culture and Nationalism SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The establishment of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and the introduction of English education are examples for two kinds of policies adopted by Britain to establish their domination in India. What are these policies?
Answer:

• An in depth understanding of the social cultural life of the Indians. It will help strengthen their rule.
• To get the support of a fraction of Indian society through English education.

Question 2.
How did the interference of the British in the field of education create a sense of unity among the Indians?
Answer:

• The Indians who got English education found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British.
• Those who had English education started national educational institutions.
• Encouraged secular education.
• Jointly worked together against the inequalities of Indian society.

Question 3.
Compare the policies of British education and national education during national movement.
Answer:
National education :

• Opposed inequalities of Indian society.
• Jointly protested British colonial rule.
• Created national outlook among the Indians.
• Hindi emerged as national language.

British education:

• Tried to create a generation interested in English life style.
• Tried to get the support of a fraction of Indian society.

Question 4.
The protest of a writer against the existing exploitative system of a nation will create a sense of unity among the people of that country. Substantiate this statement on the basis of the works of writers during the British rule.
Answer:

• Writers described the miseries of the people.
• Created a fellow feeling among the people so that the miseries of the people of other region were considered as their own.
• Writers described the realities of the lives of Indians.

Question 5.
What kind of attitude might have been created in favor of nationalism by the painting ‘Sati’ of Nandalal Bose.
Answer:

• The painting ‘Sati’ by Nandalal Bose developed an attitude against evil customs among the Indians.
• An attitude to eradicate discrimination against women.

Question 6.
Match column ‘A’ with column ‘B’

Answer:

Question 7.
Who worked for the remarriage of the widows in Bengal?
Answer:
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Question 8.
To what extend the ideas, put forward by the social reform movements of India during the nineteenth century were suitable for a social change in India? Evaluate.
Answer:

• Eradicate caste system.
• Protect the rights of all.
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Provide education for all Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.
• Opposed Brahman domination.
• Opposed evil practices.
• Encouraged freedom, equality, free thinking, interlining and inter caste marriage.
• Argued for the upliftment of women and backward classes.
• Started educational institutions for backward classes.
• Social reformers tried to develop national consciousness and unity among the Indians irrespective of caste and religion.

Question 9.
Analyse the role of education in the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:

• Education helped to oppose British colonial domination and the inequalities existed in the Indian society.
• National educational institutions fostered national consciousness.
• Provided secular education • Swadeshi movement led to the growth of national education.
• Created a sense that modern education is necessary for the social cultural and political progress of the Indians.
• Many national educational institutions were set up for the growth of national education.
• The educational system of Tagore emphasized the International cooperation.
• The above mentioned factors helped for the development of national consciousness among the Indians.

Question 10.
Find out the relationship between the two parts of item ‘A’ and fill in the blanks of item ‘B’ accordingly.
A. Self Respect Movement : E.V. Ramaswami Naicker
B. Satya Shodack Samaj :
A. Brahma Samaj : Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B. Prarthana Samaj :
Answer:
B. Satyashodak Samaj : Jyotiba Phule.
B. Prarthana Samaj: Atmaram Pandurang.

Question 11.
Explain the role of newspapers in propagating the ideas of Indian national movement.
Answer:

• Criticised the activities of the British government through news papers.
• News pa-pers were published in various languages.
• News papers gave emphasis on nationalism, social reform and democracy.

Question 12.
What were the factors that urged Gandhiji to form a plan for vocational education?
Answer:

• Vocational training during education would help to build up a good future.
• Such a generation could resist the British.

Question 13.
Who founded Indian Society of Oriental Arts?
Answer:
Abanindranath Tagore (Bengali Painter)

Question 14.
Arrange the following in chronological order.
(i)   Hindu widow Remarriage Act.
(ii)  Haripura session of Indian National Congress.
(iii) Vernacular Press Act
(iv) Partition of Bengal
Answer:
(i)   Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856).
(ii)  Vernacular Press Act (1878).
(iii) Partition of Bengal (1905).
(iv) Haripura session of Indian National Congress (1938).

Question 15.
Visva Bharati University was an example for the international outlook of Rabindranath Tagore. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:

• Gave emphasis on universal brother hood.
• An education system bridging western and eastern cultures.

Question 16.
What were the social evils abolished by law in India as a result of the activities of the social reformers and their movements?
Answer:

• Child marriage and polygamy, sati, slavery, female infanticide.
• Permitted widow remarriage.

Culture and Nationalism Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Sarada Sadan was founded for women education in India. Who was its founder ?
Ans.Pandita Ramabai.

Question 2.
Identify the correlation between the items in section A and complete section B in the same way.
Bharath Mata: Abhanindranath Tagore.
Sati
Answer:
Nandalal Bose 1

Questioned 3.
Write a note on anti colonialism in India.
Answer:
Regional organisations were formed in India as a part of anti colonialism. But these organisation gave priority for regional needs. The cultural and ideological intervention of British influenced the social life, newspapers, education, literature and various fields.

Question 4.
Which were the similar societies formed other than Indian Associations?
Answer:
Land Holders Society:
The society formed in 1837 to protect the interests of the land owners in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

British Indian Society:
British Indian Society of 1837 and Land Holders Society of 1851 joined together to form British Indian Association. Radhakanth Deb was the first president and Devendra Nath Tagore was the first secretary.

Madras Native Association:
Formed in 1852.

Bombay Association:
Formed in 1852.

East India Association :
In 1866, this was formed in London by Dada Bhai Navroji. It was formed for the welfare of Indians with the support of British.

Pune Sarvajanik Sabha:
This was formed in Pune by Justice Mahadeva Govinda Ranade and a group of his friends in 1870. Madras.

Mahajana Sabha:
This was formed in 1844.

Bombay Presidency Association:
Formed in 1885.

Question 5.
What were the aims of English Education?
Answer:

• Compulsion to work with low wages.
• Impose interest towards British culture.
• To make people work under the British rule.

Question 6.
What can be the situations which contributed to a mentality against British and the growth of nationalism in India?
Answer:
British established dominance in India for their own benefits. But by the half of 19th century the feeling of nationalism developed among the Indians.

• Burden of taxes
• Decline of small scale industries
• Influence of English education
• Anti-social policies
• Social religious movements.

Question 7.
Explain the role of news papers.
Answer:

• In formations is brought from all parts of the world.
• Protest against inequalities and injustice.
• Raises voice against violation of human rights.
• Creates awareness about various problems faced by Indians.

Question 8.
The outlook of social reformers on the importance and need of education is given. Examine how education would help for these.
Answer:
Education became the reason for the changes in Indian. The educated leaders could reform the society. Communication with the people with the knowledge of English. Indians could first against the inequalities and British domination as a result of education. Modem education was an important factor for the religiousness and cultural development of the Indians.

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Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 11 Sociology: What? Why? Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 11 Notes

Sociology deals with society and various social issues. Many factors contributed to the development of sociology. It analyses different areas. Sociology has many peculiarities different from that of other social sciences.

Question 1.
Based on the description given in the table, identify the branch of social science.

Answer:

Question 2.
Observation can be of two types – which are they?
Answer:
1. Participant observation
2. Non-participant observation

Question 3.
Explain observation method in social science research.
Answer:
Observation can be of two types such as,

• Participant observation
• Non-participant observation.

In participant observation method, the observer collects information directly from the study area. This method is very popular in social science research. For understanding the issues and collecting information, the researcher personalise the language, culture, etc., of a social group. This helps him to understand the entire features of the area of his study. This method is also known as fieldwork.

On the other hand, in case of nonparticipant observation, the researcher does not collect information directly from the area of study. Instead, the researcher collects information through his observation from outside.

Sociology has different methods of study. These methods are used to analyze different areas. Social survey, interview, observation, case study are the methods of study in sociology. Each method has its own peculiarities.

Question 4.
Explain the methodology in social science research.
Answer:
1) Social survey:
Survey method is the most appropriate method to study social subjects/issues. In this method, information is collected from a group of people selected according a some specific criteria. By analyzing the information, researcher can come across some find¬ings on a particular issue.

2) Interview:
Interview is face to face and verbal conversation be-tween researcher and respondent. When interview method is not practical researcher adopts observation method in which he records what he sees, hears and experiences through his observation.
The precautions while choosing interview method are:

• Identify suitable persons for interviews.
• Have clear cut idea about the information to be collected.
• Prepare suitable questions.
• Lead effective method of interview.
• Time management
• logical arrangement of information and report Writing.

3) Observation:
Observation can be of two types such as,

• Participant Observation
• Non-participant observation.

In participant observation method, the observer collects information directly from the study area. This method is very popular in social science research. For understanding the issues and collecting information, the researcher personalise the language, culture, etc., of a social group. This helps him to understand the entire features of the area of his study. This method is also known as fieldwork.

On the other hand, in case of nonparticipant observation, the researcher does not collect information directly from the area of study. Instead, the researcher collects information through his observation from outside.

4) Case Study:
This method is adopted to study extraordinary is-sues in-depth. Such studies will be very comprehensive. It will be a complete study of a particular case. Case study is also used for data collection.

Question 5.
Discuss the difference between creative writing and social science studies.
Answer:
There are differences between creative writing and social science studies. These differences can be listed as follows.
Creative writing:

• Deals with imagination and creativity
• Social events are expressed in its beauty.
• Aims at enjoyment of creative writing.

Social science studies:

• Social phenomena and subjects are scientifically analyzed
• Makes cause-effect studies of events.
• Analyses the society objectively.

Question 6.
Discuss the importance of sociology.
Answer:

• It helps to formulate real idea about the society.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to identify relation between individuals and social institutions.
• It studies social issues
• It helps to find solutions to social issues
• It is helpful in social planning and development.
• Studies on backward classes, exploited classes, etc., are helpful for social welfare activities.

Question 7.
What do you mean by sample survey? How is it different from census?
Answer:
Collecting information from the entire population is the census method. Selecting a particular group of people from the study area to collect information is the sample survey.

Sociology: What? Why? Model Questions & Answers

Question 8.
Origin of social science was due to three revolution’. Which are they?
Answer:

• Scientific Revolution (Renaissance).
• French Revolution
• Industrial Revolution.

Question 9.
Identify the personalities who gave significant contribution to development social science in India.
Answer:
A.R. Desai, S.D. Dubey, M.N Sreenivas, D.P. Mukherji, G.S. Khure, etc., are the famous Indian social scientists.

Question 10.
Complete the following chart.

Answer:

Question 11.
Point out the precautions while choosing interview as a method of study.
Answer:
The precautions while choosing interview method are:

• Identify suitable persons for interview
• Have clear cut idea about the information to be collected.
• Prepare suitable questions.
• Lead effective method of interview
• Time management
• logical arrangement of information and report writing.

Question 12.
Prepare a table showing differences between interview and questionnaires.

Answer:

Question 13.
Complete the list
1. Social survey
2. ………………
3. ………………
4. ………………
Answer:
1. Social survey
2. Interview
3. Case study
4. Observation

Question 14.
Census is conducted one in ……….. years.
Answer:
10 years

Question 15.
Point out the subject matter of economics.
Answer:

• Production
• Consumption
• Capital formation

Question 16.
‘Census method is not always possible’. Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Yes.
Census method is not always possible due the following reasons.

• It is time-consuming
• Area of study is very large
• It is very expensive

Question 17.
Who are respondents?
Answer:
The people subjects to the study are called respon¬dents.

Question 18.
Why does Auguste Compte called father of sociology?
Answer:
The thoughts of Auguste Compte, the French social scientist, laid the foundation of social science studies. He named the discipline he developed as social physics and later he renamed it as sociology. That is why Auguste Compte called the father of sociology.

Question 19.
The first social science department was started in ……….. University in India.
Answer:
Bombay University

Let Us Assess

Question 20.
How is creative writing different from the study of sociology?
Answer:

Question 21.
What is meant by sociology?
Answer:
Sociology is an academic discipline concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals.

Question 22.
What are the important areas in sociology?
Answer:

• Social institutions
• Social relations
• Social change
• Social issues
• Social groups
• Social control
• Socialisation
• Societies.

Question 23.
Name the early social scientists.
Answer:
Auguste Compte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Max, Emil Durkheim, and Max Weber are the early social scientists.

Question 24.
Identify the branches of social science.
1. History
2. ……….
3. ……….
4. ……….
5. ……….
6. ……….
Answer:
1. History
2. Economics
3. Anthropology
4. Geography
5. Political Science
6. Psychology

Question 25.
Summarise the discussion points on the importance of Sociology.
Answer:

• It helps to formulate real idea about the society.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to identify relation between individuals and social institutions.
• It studies social issues
• It helps to find solutions to social issues
• It is helpful in social planning and development.
• Studies on backward classes exploited classes,

etc., are helpful for social welfare activities.

Question 26.
How does social survey a major methodology of sociology helps to understand the society ?.
Answer:
Survey method is the most appropriate method to study social subjects/issues. In this method, information is collected from a group of people selected according a some specific criteria. By analyzing the information, researcher can come across some findings on a particular issue.

Question 27.
Differentiate between observation and interview.
Answer:
Interview is face to face and verbal conversation be-tween researcher and respondent. When interview method is not practical researcher adopts observation method in which he records what he sees, hears and experiences through his observation.

Question 28.
Prepare a questionnaire of a minimum of 10 questions to collect data on about transport problems faced by your friends to reach the school.
Answer:

1. Where is your house located?
2. How far is school from your house?
3. What is your mode of transport?
4. Do you get vehicles in school time?
5. Do you get concession in bus?
6. What is the time gap between the buses.
7. Do all buses stop before school?
8. Does conductor behave well?
9. Do you face transportation difficulty during rainy season?
10. Does the shortage of school bus create transportation?

Question 29. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Analyze the method in which creative writing intervenes a social issue.
Answer:

• Writing based on imagination and creativity.
• Social events are depicted on aesthetic realms.
• Appreciation is the main objective.

Question 30. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the method in which a sociologist approaches a social issue.
Answer:

• Social issues analyzed scientifically.
• Social conditions are analyzed on the basis of cause-effect relationship.

Question 31. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Match the items in column A with the items in column B appropriately.

Answer:
i – c
ii – a
iii – d
iv – b

Question 32.
(Qn. Pool-2017)
What is the revolution that paved the way for the emergence of sociology?
Answer:

• Renaissance
• French Revolution.
• Industrial Revolution

Question 33. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Who is known as the Father of Sociology?
Answer:
Auguste Comte

Question 34. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the name of Sociology in the early age.
Answer:
Social Physics

Question 35. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the thinker who used the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin to study Sociology.
Answer:
Herbert Spencer

Question 36. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the important thinkers who contributed to the development of Sociology.
Answer:
Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber

Question 37. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why Sociology is considered as the comprehensive study of Society?
Answer:
Sociology is the comprehensive study of the relation between man and his social environment.

Question 38. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the methods used for studying Sociology?
Answer:
Social Survey, Interview, Observation, Case study

Question 39. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Survey is considered as the most suitable method to study Sociology. Why is it said so?
Answer:
Survey helps to formulate a comprehensive point of view of the topic.

Question 40. (Qn. Pool-2017)
How interview helps the study of Sociology?
Answer:
Interview helps to know and analyze the attitudes, views, beliefs, and habits.

Question 41. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is Observation?
Answer:
Observation as a method of study records truthfully whatever is seen, heard, and experienced.

Question 42. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the two types of observation?
Answer:
a) Participant observation
b) Non-participant observation

Question 43. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is participant observation?
Answer:
Researcher directly collects information.

Question 44. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the method of study of participant observation.
Answer:
The Sociologist stays with the population under the study and understands their life, language culture and analyses it.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is non-participant observation?
Answer:
The researcher observes the society from outside.

Question 46. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is case study?
Answer:
Case study is used to make an in-depth study on rare and different social phenomena and problems.

Question 47.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 48. (Orukkam – 2017)
One of the main areas under Sociology is given below. Find out some more areas.
1. Social groups
2. ……………….
3. ……………….
4. ……………….
5. ……………….
6. ……………….
7. ……………….
8. ……………….
Answer:
1. Social groups
2. Social institutions
3. Social relations
4. Socialization
5. Social control
6. Communities
7. Social changes
8. Social problems

Question 49. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the picture pertaining with the methods of study in sociology.

Answer:

Question 50.
What are the practical applications of sociology?
Answer:
Commerce, town planning, advertisements, media, and educational activities.

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 2 The East and the West: Era of Exchanges Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 2 Notes

The East And The West Era Of Exchanges Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 1.
The two major trade routes of the medieval period are shown in the map below. What period are shown in the map below. What all can you find out from it?

Answer:

• Silk rout and spice route were the major trade routes.
• These routes extended from Eastern China to western Europe.
• Silk route was a land route while the spice route was through the sea.
• These routes passed through different trade centers.

The East And West Era Of Exchanges Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 2.
Observe the map of trade routes and list the major commercial centers of Europe.
Answer:

• Florence
• Venice
• Genoa
• Milan

The East And The West Era Of Exchanges Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 3.
Evaluate the circumstances that led to the growth of trade in Italy during the medieval period.
Answer:

• By 11^th century, the ancient Roman became active. This was due to the factor that cities were developed around the castles of the nobles and around the churches and monasteries.
• The farmers of the medieval period arrived at the marketing centers with their products.
• The traders and craftsmen stayed in those centers and conducted long-distance trade.
• These trading centers gradually developed into cities.

Hss Live Guru 9th History Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Observe the atlas in the Social Science lab and find out the river banks on which the following cities are located.

Answer:

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Analyze the characteristics of medieval cities.
Answer:
The medieval cities were having the following characteristics

• The medieval European cities were not similar to the modern cities.
• They were generally small in size, the roads of these cities were narrow and unhygienic.
• The buildings were built of wood and were thatched with hay.
• The possibility of an outbreak of fire was very high as these cities were overcrowded.
• Majority of the city dwellers were merchants, craftsmen, and laborers.
• The laborers of the cities were poor, and hence they depended on others for their livelihood.
• The cities depend on the villages for food and fodder.

9th Standard Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Observe the trade routes on the map provided and list out the important trade cities of central Asia.

Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 7.
Analyze the influence of the guilds on medieval European trade.
Answer:
1. The rapid increase of trade in the medieval European cities, the formation of specific occupational sectors, the necessity to withstand the excessive taxation and exploitation and the sense of organization were the factors which led to the formation of the guilds.
2. The aims of the guilds were to foster mutual help and co-operation, to maintain the monopoly of the markets and the attainment of economic stability.
3. The guilds were the associations of experts in different occupational sectors. There were two kinds of guilds:
(i) The merchant guilds
(ii) The craft guilds
The merchant guilds were the first to emerge. Inter-city leagues were formed linking the cities for the progress of trade. The Hanseatic League is an example for this, which regulated the trade activities of many cities of Europe.

The craft guilds were the associations of different artisans and craftsmen of the medieval period. Every occupational group like the leather workers, carpenters, blacksmiths, etc. had separate guilds.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 8.
Discuss the functioning of schools in medieval Europe.
Answer:
During medieval period, Europe attained remarkable progress in school education. Given below the method of functioning of schools.

• The expansion of basic education, universities, Greco-Roman knowledge and Islamic knowledge were the features of the Medieval Age.
• Many schools sprang up during this period for imparting primary education.
• Major subjects taught in the medieval schools were Grammer, Latin, Astrology, Literature, Philosophy, Mathematics and Laws, and Laws of nature.
• Education of women was restricted and those who got the rare opportunity for education were nuns and the children of rulers and nobles.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 9.
Conduct a discussion on the role of education in the progress of medieval society.
Answer:
The medieval education was not confined to the primary level. University education also began to flourish. Main subjects taught in universities were philosophy, literature, medicine, languages, geometry, and law. Many universities were established in Europe in the 11 “’ and 12^th centuries. Important among them are the following.

• Bologna — Italy
• Constantinople — Turkey
• Paris — France
• Oxford, Cambridge — England

Another important university was the Cordova University established by the Arabs in Spain. One of the important features of this university was the library which had thousands of manuscripts. This university provided facilities for learning languages such as Greek, Syriac, Persian, and Sanskrit. Arabic version of books originally written in these languages was available in the library of this university.

The advancement of education was not confined to Europe. It began to prosper in central Asia during the period of Abbasid Caliphate. Primary educational institutions (Maktabs) were started from the 10th century onwards, where children between the age of 6 and 14 were educated.

There were facilities for women education in the Arab world. Ladies were given the opportunity to become teachers by attaining the degree, ‘Ijas’. Altogether education played significant role in the progress of medieval society.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes English Medium Question 11.
” Medieval art and literature are example of the synthesis of the east and the west”. Examine the relevance of this statement.
Answer:
During the medieval period there were 3 styles of architecture. They are

1. Romanesque style
2. Gothic style
3. Carolingian style

The Europeans got acquainted with the Islamic culture during the Crusades. Art and literature were exchanged during this period. The western style was profoundly influenced by the Eastern art and architecture. The Platonic Academy of Florence and the Quinze-Vingts hospital of Paris constructed by the French emperor Louis IX on his return from the crusades are examples.

The western music had its beginning in the medieval period. Along with the church music, secular music also developed during this period. The influence of Arabic music is visible in the European music in the period 500 to 1400 CE.

During the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates, arabic music progressed considerably. Ibn Misjah was the greatest musician of the Umayyad period. He started Arabic music by obtaining knowledge of Byzantine and Persian music through his travels in Syria and Persia. Ibn Muhriz and Ibn Surayi were two other important musicians of the time.

The major themes of the medieval literature were related to religion. Yet secular subjects were also treated as themes of the writings of this period. Some authors and their works of that period are given below.

Painting also progressed considerably during the medieval period. Major theme of the paintings was religion. Santa Trinita Madonna by Cenni di Pepo is an example of the progress of painting during this period.

Class 9 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
“Progress in the field of education and science in the medieval world led to the beginning of the modern age”. Conduct a debate on this topic.
Answer;
Education

• During the Medieval period, primary education and higher education attained progress.
• Many schools sprang up during this period.
• Grammar, Latin, Astrology, Literature, Philosophy, Mathematics, and Laws of nature were taught.
• Many universities were established in Italy, Turkey, France, and England.
• The Gurukula system prevailed in India.
• Many educational institutions were attached to the temples in South India.

Science:

• During the medieval period, science attained progress.
• Contributions were given to medical science.
• Surgery began.
• Paved the way for the invention of automobiles and aircraft.
• Notable contributions were made in astronomy.
• The crusades facilitated the exchange of scientific and technological knowledge.
• Making telescope, mechanical clocks, principle of the gear, surgical instruments, etc. were the achievements of this period.
• Algebra, Alchemy, Trigonometry were other achievements.
• Street lights of the cities and waste management programmes were the contributions of this period.

Social Science Class 9 Notes State Syllabus Question 13.
Evaluate the contributions of the Arabs in the fields of Medieval art, Education and Science.
Answer:
Art:

• Emperor Charlemagne formed a new style of architecture combining ancient Roman styles with the Byzantine style. This is known as the Carolingian Style.
• Its important features are the domes, arch-shaped doors, huge pillars, and mosaic floor.
• The influence of Arabic music is visible in the European music in the period from 500 to 1400 CE.
• During the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, Arabic music progressed considerably.
• Ibn Misjah, the greatest musician, started Arabic music by obtaining knowledge of Byzantine and Persian music through his travels in Syria and Persia.
• Ibn Muhriz and Ibn Surayi were important musicians of the time.

Education:

• Cordova University was one of the famous universities established by the Arabs in Spain. One of the important features of this university was the library which had thousands of manuscripts. This university provided facilities for learning languages such as Greek, Syriac, Persian, and Sanskrit.
• There were facilities for women’s education in the Arab world.
• Ladies were given the opportunity to become teachers by attaining the degree ‘Ijas’.
• The universities of Baghdad and Damascus of central Asia and the Al-Azhar University of Egypt were the noteworthy educational institutions of the medieval period.

Science:

• Many scholars who made notable contributions to the field of science lived during the medieval period.
• Ibn Sina gave contributions in medical science and philosophy.
• Ibn al Qasim is known as the Father of Surgery.
• Al Biruni formulated the basic ideas of Geology and Anthropology.
• The Arabic numerals and zero from India were popularized in Europe.
• Chemistry was developed as a science
• The Arabs were the inventors of the subjects like Algebra and optics.

Let Us Assess

9th Class Social Science Malayalam Medium Notes Question 14.
The trade routes connected the East and the West. Substantiate.
Answer:
The continents which mainly locate in the West are Europe, North America, and South America. The Eastern countries which are mentioning in this units are Arabia just adjacent of Africa, India, China and so many other countries of the Asian continent. The continents in between the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean are broadly classified into the East and the West.

The silk which produced abundantly in the East was famous for its quality, color, and transparency. This silk was so dear to the Europeans. They were ready to travel to the East either via the sea route or through the land route to secure the spices, that were in plenty in the Eastern countries. ?These species were cardamom, pepper, ginger, and cinnamon, sandalwood, and forest resources were also the favorite items of the Europeans.

They frequently traveled through these routes to and fro with the purpose of trade. Later these routes were known as trade routes. The silk route through the land and the spice route through the sea helped a lotto the mutual transaction of the varied cultures of the East and the West. Thus these trade routes paved the way to connect the East and the west. They also helped a lot to the transaction of the resources and various products or trade and the togetherness of various cultures.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 15.
Examine the circumstances that led to the growth of distant trade?
Answer:
Our earth is a combination of so many countries generally seen in between the oceans and the land. There are a wide range of differences in climate, resources, minerals, food and cash crops, people and their lifestyles among these countries. Each and every country is not at all self-sufficient in all types of resources or products. The products produced in the places where the nearness of the sea is a key factor are not alike that of the products of the continents. So in the ancient period onwards, people were eagerly enquired about the various products that were produced in the various parts of the world.

Some times, it was too difficult to reach in the remote areas of those countries form a distance. But the traders from various countries decided to travel to those distant countries. Thus the distant trade flourished. The traders competed among

Hsslive Guru Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
What are the causes for the transformation of cities into trade centers?
Answer:
The traders searched for better places which were suitable for trade. Their main priorities were trans-portation and warehouse facilities. Several traders came together to a place from where they could get a lot of products. So many people accompanied them to get job. Some others came there with a purpose of retail trade. This continuous flow of people to a particular trade center, it gradually developed into cities.

Most of the medieval cities were grown and developed in the banks of the rivers. The facilities of transportations, large scale collection of various articles, smooth transactions, the support of the rulers boosted the growth of the cities. Later these cities became the centers of trade. Increase in population made those cities into highly populated and busy trade centers.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 17.
Prepare a note on the progress in the field of science and technology in the medieval world.
Answer;

• During the medieval period, science attained progress.
• Contributions were given to medical science.
• Surgery began.
• Paved the way for the invention of automobiles and aircraft.
• Notable contributions were made in astronomy.
• The crusades facilitated the exchange of scientific and technological knowledge.
• Making telescope, mechanical clocks, principle of the gear, surgical instruments, etc. were the achievements of this period.
• Algebra, Alchemy, Trigonometry were other achievements.
• Street lights of the cities and waste management programmes were the contributions of this period.

Question 18.
Which were the cities which minted their own coins in the medieval world?
Answer:

• Florence
• Venice

Question 19.
List down the cities given below as directed – Baghdad, Florence, Genoa, Damascus, Venice, Mecca.

Answer:

Question 20.
List out the important duties of the Guilds.
Answer:

• Framing labor laws
• Determining working hours
• Fixing of prices
• Division of labor
• Determining the mode of sale
• Maintaining the quality of products

Question 21.
Which were the major subjects taught in the medieval European schools?
Answer:

• Grammar
• Latin
• Astrology
• Literature
• Philosophy
• Mathematics
• Laws of nature

Question 22.
Complete the table.

Answer:

The East and the West: Era of Exchanges Model Questions and Answers

Question 23.
What do you mean by silk route?
Answer:
The land route that extended from China to Europe was known, as Silk Route. This route which connected the East with the West stretched around 6000 kms.

Question 24.
Prepare a note on Spice Route.
Answer:
A network of sea routes that connected the East with the West was known as the Spice Route. This route passed through the regions of coastal Indonesia, India, Japan, Sri Lanka, and the Central Asia, and the chief commodity of exchange was spices.

Question 25.
Name the Italian cities that emerged commercial centers from 1050 to 1300 CE.
Answer:

• Genoa
• Venice
• Pisa
• Florence

Question 26.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:

Question 27.
Complete the figure.

Answer:

Question 28.
Identify the factors that led to the decline of guild system.
Answer:

• Industrialization
• Growth of science and technology

Question 29.
Which are the towns where the Italian traders had the trade relations?
Answer:

• Baghdad
• Damascus
• Jerusalem

Question 30.
What were the suitable situations that caused development and progress in trade to Italian cities like Florence, Venice, Genoa, and Pisa compared to other European regions?
Answer:

• They began to mint their own coins.
• The presence of ports Italian sub-continent
• The concessions provided their merchants
• Encouragement from administrators.

Question 31.
Bring out factors that strengthened the commercial contacts between the East and the West in the medieval period?
Answer:

• The comparatively weak trade between the East and the West got a fillip with the beginning of the crusades.
• The Italian traders were engaged in long-distance trade with Eastern Roman Empire and the Arabs.
• They had trade relations with towns like Baghdad, Damascus, and Jerusalem.
• The rapid increase in production, diversity of products, construction of roads and bridges, and effective steps to control thieves and robbers resulted in the strengthening of the commercial contracts between the East and the west.

Question 32.
Name the important guilds existed in Medieval Europe.
Answer:

• Carpenters
• Leatherworkers
• Blacksmiths
• Jewelry makers
• Sewing laborers

Question 33.
What is meant by Carolingian Renaissance?
Answer:
The cultural and intellectual awakening of the 8th and 9th century medieval Europe had been generally characterized as the Carolingian Renaissance.

Question 36.
“The crusades influenced the wester life” Do you agree? Justify.
Answer:
Yes, I agree with this statement.
The Europeans got acquainted with the Islamic culture during the Crusades. Art and literature were exchanged during this period. The western style was profoundly influenced by the Eastern art and architecture. The Platonic Academy of Florence and the Quinze-Vingts hospital of Paris constructed by the French emperor Louis IX on his return from the crusades are examples.

Question 37.
Which were the branches of music developed during the Medieval Ages?
Answer:

• The western music
• Arabic music

Question 38.
Complete the following table showing the authors of medieval age and their works.

Answer:

Question 39.
Match the following

Answer:

Question 40.
Point out the contributions of China in the progress of science and technology
Answer:

• Gunpowder
• Printing
• Seismograph
• Mariners compass
• Astralab

Question 41.
What were the contributions of Arab in science during Medieval period?
Answer:

• The Arabic numerals and zero from India were popularised in Europe
• Chemistry was developed as a science
• The Arabs were the inventors of the subjects like Algebra and Optics

Question 42.
Bring out the specialties of education in medieval China
Answer:

• Knowledge was imparted by a single teacher
• Learning started in the educational institution at the age of six.
• The Buddhist philosophy was a compulsory subject in the schools attached to the Buddhist Viharas.

Question 43.
Complete the table showing the features of medieval of education in Middle East, Far East, and India.

Answer:

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2  Chapter 3 Human Resource Development in India Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 3 Notes

Human Resource Development In India Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Prepare a note on the facilities provided in your area for the development of human resource ?
Answer:

• Provides better health facilities.
• Many welfare schemes have been implemented.
• Provides institutions providing higher education
• Provide training programmes
• Balancing multiple objectives of labor market regulations

Explain The Different Levels Of Human Resource Development Class 10 Question 2.
Find out from your elders what information was collected from your home for the 2011 census.
Answer:
In India, population census is conducted once in ten years. The last census was conducted in 2011. Information related to the population was collected as on 1^st March 2011. According to this census India’s population was 121.02 crores. Out of this 58.65 crores are . females and 62.37 crores are males.

Human Resource Development Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Collect more information on the population by visiting the website www.censusindia.gov.in.
Answer:
Total population of India 121.02 crores
Men :- 62.37 crores
Female :- 58.65 crores
The most populated state — Uttar Pradesh.
Least populated state — Sikkim
Most densely populated state — Bihar
Least densely populated state — Arunachal Pradesh
The state having least decadal growth rate — Nagaland
The state having highest decadal growth that rate — Meghalaya
Union territory having least decadal growth rate — Lakshadweep
Union territory having highest decadal growth rate — Dadra- Nagar- Havelli

Human Resource Development In India Sslc Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
How does the population density of an area influence the availability of human resource? Discuss.
Answer:

• In a densely populated region Labour force will be more.
• It will become fruitful only if the human resource development is possible.
• If government provide better education, health care, practice etc. they become skilled and quality labours.
• Otherwise high density of population leads to unemployment and poverty.

Human Resource Development In India Class 10 Notes Question 5.
Which decade has marked the maximum population growth ?
Answer:
1961 – 71

State Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Notes Pdf  Question 6.
From which year on wards is there a decrease in the population growth rate ?
Answer:
1991

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
ow much decrease did the population growth rate record in the decade 2001 – 2011 ?
Answer:
4%

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
What changes are made in the population of a country by birth rate, death rate and migration ? Prepare a note.
Answer:

Hsslive Guru Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Given below is the age structure based on Census of India 2011. Observe the diagram and find out the answers.

A. What percentage of the total population belongs to the age group of 0 -14 years ?
B. What percentage of the total population belongs to the age group of 60 years and above?
C. What percentage of the total population belongs to the age group of 15 – 59 years ?
Answer:
A. 29.4 %
B. 8 %
C. 62.5 %

10th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Discuss the problems in the economy as a result of a decrease in the labor force participation rate and increase in the dependency ratio.
Answer:
A decrease in the labor force participation rate means decrease in the number of employed person. It means decrease in the age group who has the ability to contribute to the progress of the nation. There by increase in the dependency rate cause decrease in per capita income, and increase in poverty. It also leads to low standard of living of the people. It will be an obstacle to the economic development.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 11.
Conduct a discussion in class on the topic sex ratio and the nation’s economic development.
Answer:
Sex ratio is related to economic development. Sex ratio is high in economically developed countries but it is low in undeveloped countries. The Increase in death rate of females causes low sex ratio. Besides, abortion, unhealthy treatment and discrimination’s against women within families are the reasons behind low sex ratio. In developed countries sex ratio is high due to better health, high literacy, sound finance, high standard of living etc. Under developed countries can attain high sex ratio by providing priority in economic planning.

Scert Class 10 Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
What are the qualitative factors that improve the labor potential?
Answer:

• Education
• Healthcare
• Training
• Social capital
• Life span
• Literacy rate

Hss Live Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Prepare a note on how human resource development helps in economic development.
Answer:
Human resource development helps to increase production directly and indirectly. A country requires people to produce goods and services efficiently. Labor force in various fields has to be developed for the same. People contribute for the production. As they own the labor power and helps to increase in production of goods and services. As a result this improves the social- economic condition.

The development prospects of a country don’t depend on the natural resources. The coal reserves of Korbar field in M.P remain unutilized, until the zone was opened with railway link connecting Bhilai Steel Plant. Man is a development key, whose abilities, values and attitudes must be changed for a development process. Education and healthcare helps the human resource development.

Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Prepare a report collecting details about the different educational development programmes undertaken by the state and local government institutions in Kerala.
Answer:
Athulyam project :- Project undertaken by Kerala state literacy mission authority. This project explains who haven’t got primary education within the age group of 15 – 50.

National Skill Development Corporation :- Gives skill training in various fields such as construction, tourism, banking and engineering.

Question 15.
Conduct a discussion on the Topic “Educational facilities in India and the existing problems.”
Answer:

• All the students are not getting proper education
• Drop out still continues
• Basic facilities are not available
• Quality of education has to be improved.
• The economically and socially backward are denied the opportunity of education.

Question 16.
Discuss how the different institutions working in the health sector help in making avail-able the medical attention and preventive measures to the people.
Answer:
In India network operates widely at different levels to ensure the people’s health in rural sector. There are different layers of health facilities. Most of the people live in rural areas and they possess sufficient medical institutions which realize the objectives of health. Health indices is developed by attaining basic facilities in health sector. Co-operative and private sectors are the main hospitals.

The multi specialty hospitals operates modem treatment facilities, there are several institutions which provide different streams in medicine like Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Sidha and Homeopathy. The National Rural Health Mission operates in the rural sector. The National Urban Health Mission provides improved health services towards urban slums and township.

Question 17.
Organize a seminar on the Topic ‘The role of education and health care in human resource development’.
Answer:
Education and healthcare help human resource development. There is an element of personal gain in it. When the capacity of an individual is increased, it improves his personal life.

It facilitates the individual to prepare or participate more effectively in social and economic activities which may benefit the whole society- over all development of the people is the ultimate aim of human resource development.

It can be developed by providing education and healthcare to the people. Various resources have to be used to increase human resource development. Humans are as important as natural resources. When the natural resources are combined with human resources there is an increase in production which leads to economic development. Only the quality and development of human resources can be attained.

Question 18.
Do you agree with the statement that the main reason for prosperity and poverty in the world is the difference in human resource development ? Prepare a note.
Answer:
Each country tries to develop its main human resource as to realize their developmental goals. Research and Training centers for education and healthcare are established for this. The knowledge, skill, expertise and health of the people are enhanced. This will facilitate the creation of an efficient labour force in the country. Programmes improve skills of labour force and helps in human resource development.

Human Resource Development in India Let Us Assess

Question 1.
List out the quantitative and qualitative aspects of human resource ?
Answer:
Human Resource refers to people who have the man power which can be utilized in the production sector. Human Resource has qualitative and quantitative aspects.
Quantitative aspects:

• Size of population
• Growth of population
• Population density
• Birth and death rate
• Population structure
• Age structure
• Sex ratio
• Labour force participation
• Dependency ratio

Qualitative aspects:

• Education
• Literacy rate
• Health care
• Life expectancy

Question 2.
Prepare a note by analyzing the importance of population studies.
Answer:
In India, population census is conducted once in ten years. Population studies help the government to quantitatively assess the different needs of the people and to plan activities and programmes accordingly. It also provides various other helps such as

• Informs the availability of human resource in a country.
• Depicts the extent of basic facilities required by the people.
• Quantifies the goods and services required.
• Determines the social economic development policies.

Question 3.
Compare the changes in population due to birth rate, death rate and migration.
Answer:

Question 4.
Labor force participation rate and dependency rate as per the census of India 2011 is given below. Prepare a graph based on this.

Answer:

Question 5.
List the advantages of the increase in labor force participation rate and disadvantages due to increase in dependency rate. Advantages due to increase in labor force participation rate.
Answer:

• It leads to the progress of the nation.
• Per capita income will increase.
• Standard of living of the people will increase.
• Increase in production of goods and services.
• Natural resources can be utilized properly.

Disadvantages due to increase in dependency rate

• Economic progress of the country will decrease.
• It decreases percapita income.
• Standard of living of the people will decrease.
• Production of goods and services also will decrease.

Question 6.
What are the factors that improve human resource? How does this influence a country’s development?
Answer:
There are various factors that improve human resource. They are:

• Provide quality education
• Provision of proper health care
• Job training programmes
• Creation of social capital
• Investment in information

Development in human resource can influence a country’s development by various ways. Such as

• Productivity of workers increases
• Economic inequality will reduce
• Entrepreneurship improvement
• Natural resource is utilized effectively
• Development and use of advanced technology makes possible

Question 7.
How does education help in a country’s development? Prepare a flow chart
Answer:
Education helps in the development of a country. Education has a major role in molding skilled people.

Flowchart:
Education
↓
Improves the skills of individuals
↓
Knows better technology
↓
Helps to secure better job and income
↓
Improves the standard of living

Question 8.
List the existing problems in the health sector.
Answer:
Problems in the health sector.

• Unavailability of nutritious food
• Lack of clean and safe drinking water
• No cleanliness
• Inadequate medical facilities
• Unhealthy Environment.
• Lack of proper time for leisure and relaxation.

Question 9.
Explain how education and health care help in human resource development
Answer:
Education and health care integral to human well-being because only when people have the ability to read and write and the ability to lead a long healthy life, they will be able to make other choices which they valye. In human resource development human beings end in themselves.

Labor skill of an educated person is more than that of an uneducated person hence educated person generates more income. Likewise, a healthy person could provide uninterrupted labor supply for a longer period of time, then the health care is also an important factor. Therefore education and health care help in human resource development.

Human Resource Development in India Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:
a. Human Resource
b. Human resource development
c. Different levels

• Individuals take efforts to develop their own skills.
• Family creates an environment for the development of the potential of individuals.
• Various institutions and agencies provide facilities for education and training.
• Nation provides the necessary facilities for its people to develop their skills

Question 2.
Fill the table which is based on the features of ‘Human Resource.’

Answer:
a. Quantitative,
b. Quantitative,
c. Health care
d. Literacy Rate,
e. Life Expectancy.

Question 3.
Combine the ‘boxes’ suitably.

Answer:

Question 4.
Complete the picture.

Answer:
a. Informs the availability of human resource in a country.
b. Depicts the extent of basic facilities required by the people.
c. Quantifies the goods and services required.
d. Determines the social economic development policies.

Question 5.
Fill in the blank spaces of the boxes.

Answer:
a. Quantitative features of human resources,
b.Growth of population,
c. Birth rate decreases, death rate increases,
d. Birth rate and death rate are equal.

Question 6.
Fill the boxes with relevant details.

Answer;
Birth rate is the number of live births per 100, b. Death rate is number of deaths per 10 00. c. Migration, d. Age structure is the classification of population into different age groups and presenting the ratio of each group in the population, e. 940.

Question 7.
Complete the table.

Answer:

• Health care
• Training
• Social Capital

Question 8.
Using the hints given below, prepare a write up on the topic ‘Advantages of the development of Human resources’.
a. Productivity of the workers
b. Economic equality
c. Utilization of natural resources.
d. Use of advanced technology
e. Entrepreneurship
Answer:
a. Productivity increases: By developing human resources the productivity of workers can be increased. In this way workers contribute more in the productivity process.

b. Economic inequality : In a society with developed human resource economic inequality will be reduced.

c. Utilization of natural resources : Natural resources can be utilized easily by developing natural resources.

d. Use of Advanced technology : Improved human resource make possible the development and use of advanced technology.

e. Entrepreneurship : When human resources are developed entrepreneurship improves

Question 9.
Fill the ‘gaps’ in the flow chart given below.

Answer:
Improves the skills of individuals,
b. Helps to secure better job and income.

Question 10.
One of the projects implemented in India to develop education and skill is given below. Find out similar projects and write down in the box. The project which is implementing in India to ensure integrated development of children up to 6 years, and to provide health care for pregnant and lactating women is Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS).

Answer:
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): To ensure universal primary education to all. To improve educational facilities.

Rashtriya Uchthal Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA): To increase the access to higher education. To improve the quality of higher education.

National Skill Development and Monetary Reward Scheme: To improve the working skills of the youth To ensure the availability of people with employable skills.

Question 11.
Complete the chart

Answer:
a. Lack of availability of basic facilities
b. Quality of education has to be improved.

Question 13.
Fill the chart by supplying correct details.

Answer:
a. State of physical mental and social well being,
b. Production increases with the increase in efficiency and number of working days.
c. Natural resources can be utilized properly,
d. Medical expense can be reduced, thereby reducing the government’s expenditure
e. Economic development is possible through increase in production.

Question 14.
‘Word Wheel’

Answer:

• Cleanliness
• Preventive measures
• Medical facilities
• Ensuring of leisure and environment
• Availability of clean water
• Healthy environment.

Question 15.
Fill the gaps by writing the names of institutions that work at different levels in the Medical Sector.

Answer:

• District Hospitals
• Community Health centers
• Primary Health Centers
• Health Sub Centers.

Question 16.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 17.
Fill the blank spaces.

Answer:
a. Life expectancy is the average number of years that a person lives
b. Female 67.7
c. Male 64.6
d. Total 66.1

Human Resource Development in India Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by‘Human Resources’?
Answer:
Human resources refers to the people who have the manpower which can be utilized in the production sector.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of ‘Human Resource Development’?
Answer:
Human resource development is the development of man’s physical and mental abilities through education, health care and training. There are different levels of human resource development.

Question 3.
Which are two features of population studies.
Answer:
Quantitative Features ( Size of population, Growth of population, Population structure). Qualitative features (Education, Health care)

Question 4.
List out the importance of population studies.
Answer:
Population studies help the government to quantitatively assess the different needs of the people and to plan activities and programmes accordingly.
They help that they offer are

• Informs the availability of human resource in a country.
• Depicts the extent of basic facilities required by the people.
• Quantifies the goods and services required.
• Determines the social economic development policies.

Question 5.
What is the difference between ‘density of population’ and ‘population growth’?
Answer:
Density of population refers to the number of people per square kilometer area. Population growth refers to the increase in the number of people in an area within a specific period of time. lt is indicated in terms of percentage and states the increase in a year as compared to the previous year.

Question 6.
What is the change in total population in the two contexts:
(a) Birth rate increases
(b) Birth rate decreases.
Answer:
a. If the birth rate increases and death rate decreases population increases,
b. If the birth rate decreases and death rate increases population declines.

Question 7.
One advantage of human resource development is ‘effective utilization of natural resources’, write any three other advantages.
Answer:
Productivity of the workers increases, Economic inequality is reduced, Entrepreneur-ship improves.

Question 8.
How do ‘education’ helps the development of a country?
Answer:

• Improves the skills of individuals
• Betters the technological know- how
• Helps to secure better job and income
• Improves the standard of living.

Question 9.
Prepare a write up on any one project undertaken by the Government which develops education and skills.
Answer:
National Skill Development and monetary Reward scheme: To improve the working skills of the youth, To ensure the availability of people with employable skills.

Question 10.
What is the importance of RTE?
Answer:
The constitution ensures the goal of elementary education for all.

Question 11.
‘Healthy persons can participate in the progress of a country?’ Justify the statement
Answer:
Production increases with the increase in efficiency and number of working days. Natural resources can be utilized properly. Medical expense can be reduced, thereby reducing the government’s expenditure. Economic development is possible through increase in population

Question 12.
Name the institutions which are providing quality health services in the Rural and urban areas.
Answer:

• National Rural Health Mission Rural areas.
• National Urban Health Mission Urban areas

Human Resource Development in India SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is meant by human resource development?
Answer:
Development of physical and mental abilities of human beings through education, health care and training.

Question 2.
Different dimensions of human resource development is given below. Prepare a note on the facilities to improve them.
a. Family creates an environment for the development of the potential of the individuals.
b. Nation provide facilities for the people to develop their skills.
Answer:
a. Individuals take efforts to develop their own skills.
b. Various institutions and agencies provide facilities for education and training.

Question 3.
Which are the various factors included in the quantitative features of human resource?
Answer:

• Size of population
• Density of population
• Growth of population
• Structure of population

Question 4.
Complete the flowchart given below based on the quantitative factors of human resources.

Answer:
a. Population density
b. Age structure
c. Sex ratio
d. Labor force participation rate
e. Dependency ratio
f. Birth rate/death rate.

Question 5.
What is Census?
Answer:
Every country at specific intervals of time Collects information on the number of people, age, sex, social-economic status and analyses them. This is called Census.

Question 6.
Answer the following questions related to census in India.
a. How often is the census conducted in India?
b. When was the last census conducted?
Answer:
a. Once in ten years
b. 2011 March 1^st

Question 7.
Write down your inferences about the scope of population studies.
Answer:
Help the government to quantitatively assess the extent of different needs of the people and help to plan activities and programmes accordingly.

Question 8.
How do you think population study help the government? Justify your opinion.
Answer:

• To quantitatively assess the different needs of the people
• To plan activities and programmes
• To know the availability of human resource
• To improve basic facilities
• To quantify the goods and services required
• To determine social-economic policies (Consider similar answers also).

Question 9.
Countries that become successful in developing human resources has achieved greater high economic development. Evaluate with suitable examples.
Answer:
Countries can attain economic development through human resource development.
Eg: USA, Japan, China.

Question 10.
How does density of population affect the availability of man power?
Answer:

• Human resource availability is more in areas of high density of population.
• Human resource availability is less in areas of less population density.

Question 11.
Which date is observed as World Population Day? Write any one programme you are planning to implement in your school on that day.
Answer:

• July -11
• Seminar on population growth – Awareness classes (any one such programme)

Question 12.
Table showing the population growth rate in India is given below. With the help of the table answer the questions.

a Which year has decrease in population growth rate?
b. Which years have increase in population growth rate?
c. What might be the reasons for this?
Answer:
a. 1951
b. 1971,1981
c. Changes in the birth rate and death rate and migration

Question 13.
What changes do birth rate, death rate and migration make. Explain.
Answer:

• Increase in birth rate – Results in the in-crease in population decrease in death rate
• Decrease in birth rate – Results in the decrease in population increase in death rate
• Birth rate and death rate equal – No change in population
• Migration – Population of a region increases Population decreases at another place

Question 14.
What is labour force participation rate and dependency rate?
Answer:

• Labour force participation rate – Ratio of the population in the age group of 15 – 59, who are either employed or actively looking for jobs
• Dependency ratio – The number of people in the age group 0-14 and 60 above and their proportion to the population.

Question 15.
When the age structure is examined the need for proper utilization of human resource will be understood. Write your response to this statement.
Answer:
Many people in the age group 15-59 years do not have job. This points to the necessity of utilizing the human resources aptly.

Question 16.
In your opinion, what are the advantages in developing human resource?
Answer:

• Productivity increases
• Economic inequality is reduced
• Natural resources, can be utilized effectively.
• Entrepreneurship improves
• Social welfare is ensured (Consider similar answers also).

Question 17.
Complete the word web.

Answer:
a. Economic inequality is reduced
b. Natural resources is utilized effectively
c. Entrepreneurship improves

Question 18.
People with labor potential is the strength of a nation. Which are the qualitative fac¬tors that improve labour potential?
Answer:

• Education
• Improving the skills of the individuals
• Imparting the technological know-how
• Improve labor skills
• Health care (any four)

Question 19.
How does human resource development help economic development? Prepare a short note.
Answer:

• For the economic development of a nation, various resources are to be utilized properly.
• Like natural resources, human resources are also important.
• When the natural resources are combined with human efforts, there is an increase in production leading to economic development.
• Therefore availability and quality of the human resource is to be ensured for the economic development.

Question 20.
Fill in the missing portion of the flowchart showing human resource development through education.


Answer:
a. Improves the skills of individuals
b. Helps to secure better job and income
c. Improves the standard of living

Question 21.
When was the Ministry of Human Resource Development formed? What is its main responsibility?
Answer:

• The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) was formed in 1985.
• To plan and implement the activities necessary for human resource development.

Question 22.
Some of the programmes implemented in, India to develop education and skills are given below. Write down their objectives.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Rashtriya Uchthal Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
Answer:
SSA:

• To ensure primary education to all
• To improve.educational facilities

RUSA:

• To increase access to higher education
• To improve the quality of higher education

Question 23.
Which programme is implemented in our country to ensure access to Secondary edu-cation to all and to improve educational facilities?
Answer:
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

Question 24.
From Suitable Pairs.
Goals:
a. To ensure integrated development of children up to 6 years
b. To ensure primary education to all.
c. To improve the working skills of the youth.
d. To ensure assess to secondary education
Projects:
i. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
ii. Integrated Child Development,
iii. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
iv. National Skill Development and Monetary Reward Scheme
Answer:
a – ii,
b- iii,
c – iv,
d – i

Question 25.
“Problems still exist in the education sector.” Write your response to this statement.
Answer:

• Certain sections drop out from schools without completing primary education.
• There is lack of availability of basic facilities in the education sector.
• Quality of education has yet to be improved

Question 26.
Prepare a short note on the educational facilities in India.
Answer:

• To improve education and skills, government has implemented the following projects.

ICDS, SSA, RMSA, RUSA
National Skill Development and Monetary Reward Scheme.

• To provide education, there are institutions at various levels in the country.
• Our country has made education fundamental right and has passed the Right to Education Act (RTE) in 2009.

Question 27.
How does healthy individuals become the backbone of development of a nation?
Answer:

• Healthy individuals work for the economic development of the nation.
• Healthy individuals participate in the development process of the country.
• Increase in the number of working days.
• Proper utilization of natural resources.
• Medical expenses can be reduced there by reducing the government expenditure.
• Economic development is possible through increase in production.

Question 28.
Prepare a list of facilities to be ensured for health care.
Answer:

• Availability of nutritious food
• Availability of clean water
• Maintenance of cleanliness
• Medical facilities

Question 29.
Critically evaluate the work of the institutions that are engaged in health sector for preventive measures and treatment
Answer:

• Multi specialty hospitals
• Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Sidha, Homeopathy
• National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
• National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)

Question 30.
Prepare a paper on ‘The role of education and health care in human resource development’
Answer:
Education:

• Improves the skills of the individuals
• Improves the technological know-how
• Helps to secure better job and income
• Projects implemented to develop educa tion and skills, Integrated Child Deve-lopment Scheme (ICDS), Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan (RMSA), Rashtriya Utchal Siksha Abhiyan (RUSA), Right To Education Act.

Health:

• Increase in the number of working days
• Proper utilization of natural resources
• Less medical expenses
• Increase in production
• Hospital functioning at different levels
• National Rural Health Mission (NHRM)
• National Urban Health Mission (NURM)

Question 31.
Evaluate how education is helpful for the development of a nation?
Answer:

• Improves the capacity of the people. to-population.
• Access to the technological know – how
• Helps to secure better job and income

Question 32.
‘Many problems still remains unresolved in the health sector’. Write your response to this statement.
Answer:

• Lack of health care facilities in the rural areas.
• Lack of health care facilities in proportion to population.
• Increasing medical expense in the public sector.

Question 33.
Write any two activities you recommend to improve the standard of education in the schools.
Answer:

• Continuous evaluation to be made effective
• Prevent drop outs (Similar answers also can be considered).

Human Resource Development in India Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which day has been declared as the World Population Day ?
Answer:
July 1 1

Question 2.
What is the population of India according to 2011 census ?
Answer:
121.02 crore

Question 3.
is the settlement of people of one region in another region.
Answer:
Migration

Question 4.
Human resource consists of mainly two aspects. What are they ?
Answer:
Quantitative and Qualitative aspects

Question 5.
W’hat is human Resource ?
Answer:
Human resource refers to people who have the manpower which can be utilized in the production sector.

Question 6.
What are the advantages behind the development of human resource ?
Answer:
Increase in production and progress of a country can be accelerated.

Question 7.
What is human resource development?
Answer:
Development of human beings physical and mental abilities through education, healthcare and training.

Question 8.
Complete the flow chart.

Answer:

Question 9.
What is meant by size of population?
Answer:
Total number of people residing in a country at a particular time.

Question 10.
Define the term “Demography”
Answer:
The branch of social science that analyses the population, the changes in its size, its structural aspects etc is known as demography.

Question 11.
What is population census ? In India who is collecting or organizing the population census ?
Answer:
Every country collects information on the number of people in the country, their age, sex, social economic status etc and analysed for a specific intervals of time. In India census activities are spearheaded by the Office of the Population Registrar General and Census Commissioner. In India census is carried out every ten years.

Question 12.
Why are population studies conducted ?
Answer:

• Population studies help the govt to quantitatively assess the different needs of the people and to plan activities and programmes accordingly.
• Informs the availability of human resources in accounting.
• Depicts the extent of basic facilities required by the people.
• Determines social- economic development policies.
• Qualities the goods and services required
• To evaluate standard of living.
• To understand various problems caused by growth of population.
• To build healthy society and environment

Question 13.
On which date world population day is celebrate why this particular date is selected for world population day?
Answer:
July 11^th, this day was selected because the world population reached 500 crore on July 11^th, 1987.

Question 14.
What does Density of population indicates?
Answer:
The number of people living per square kilometer area.

Question 15.
What is meant by population growth rate?
Answer:
It refers the increase in the number of people in an area within a specified period of time.

Question 16.
Examine the table given below and answer the following questions.
Answer:

Question 17.
What are the factors that affect the population of a country?
Answer:
The birth rate, The death rate and Migration.

Question 18.
Distinguish between Birth rate and Death rate.
Answer:
Birth rate is the number of live births per 1000. Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000.

Question 19.
What is migration ?
Answer:
Migration is the settlement of people of a region to another region.

Question 20.
What is age structure ?
Answer:
This is the classification of population into different age groups and presenting the ratio of each group in the population.

Question 21.
How is the population of a country divided on the basis of age? Explain.
Answer:
Classification is done in age group like 0-14 years, 15-59 years and 60 and above years. Labour force participation rate is the ratio of the population in the age group 15- 59, who are either employed or actively looking for jobs. This age group has a capability to con-tribute to the progress of the nation. The age group 0-14 years and 60 years and above are included in the dependent group.

Question 22.
What is labor force participation rate ?
Answer:
Labor force participation rate is the ratio of the population in the age group 15-59, who are either employed or actively looking for jobs.

Question 23.
a. Define dependency rate. Who are all included in dependency rate ?
b. What are the qualitative factors that improve the labor potential ?
Answer:
a. Labor force participation rate proportion in total population is known as dependency rate. The age group 0-14 years and 60 years and above are included in this.

b. Education, healthcare, training, social capital

Question 24.
Define sex ratio ?
Answer:
Sex ratio is the number of females per 1000, males.

Question 25.
Write some advantages in developing human resource.
Answer:
Human resource developing leads to

• Increase in the productivity of the workers
• Economic inequality reduced
• Natural resource utilized effectively
• Social welfare is ensured
• Makers possible the development and use of advanced technology.

Question 26.
How education helps in the development of a country? Present this through a flow chart?
Education
↓
Improves the skills of individuals
↓
Betters the technological know-how
↓
Helps to secure better job and income
↓
Improves the standard of living

Question 27.
What is meant by literacy rate ?
Answer:
It is the percentage of population that can read and write with comprehension.

Question 28.
Write a short note on RTE Act ?
Answer:
Our country has made education a fundamental right and has passed the Right To Education Act (RTE Act) in 2009. The constitution ensures the goal of elementary education for all through RTE.

Question 29.
What are the problems that exist in educational sector ?
Answer:

• Certain sectors drop out from schools without completing primary education.
• There is a lack of availability of basis facilities in the education sector.
• Quality of education has to be improved.

Question 30.
a. What is health?
b. What is life expectancy ?
c. What are different systems of medicine?
Answer:
a. According to WHO, health is a state of physical, mental and social well being.
b. Average number of years that a person lives.
c. Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Sidha, Allopathy and Homeopathy (AYUSH).

Question 31.
How can a healthy person participate in the progress of a country ?
Answer:
Production increases with the increase in efficiency and the number of working days. Natural resource can be utilised properly. Medical expense can be reduced, thereby reducing the govt expenditure. Economic development is possible through increase in production.

Question 32.
List various types of facilities to be ensured for health care.
Answer:

• Availability of nutritious food
• Availability of clean water
• Preventive measures
• Cleanliness
• Medical facilities
• Ensuring of leisure and entertainment
• Healthy environment.

Question 33.
Write some of the institution,Working at different levels in the medical sector.
Answer:
Medical colleges, District hospitals, Community health center, Primary health centers and Health sub centers.

Question 34.
What is the main aim of National Urban Health Mission ?
Answer:
To provide improved health service to the residents of urban slums and other marginalized people in towns with a population of more than 50,000.

Question 35.
List the existing problems in the health sector.
Answer:

• Limited social intervention
• Poor quality
• Low priority to public sector
• Less opportunity for the poor
• Less access to medical facilities
• Neglect of the rural sector
• Difficulty to control epidemics
• Lack of sufficient nutritious food
• Insufficient preventive healthcare
• Unsolved pollution problems
• Increasing cost of treatment

Question 36.
What are the different levels of human re-source development.
Answer:

• Individuals take efforts to develop their own skills.
• Family creates an environment for the development of the potential of individuals.
• Various institutions and agencies provide facilities for education and training.
• Nation provides the necessary facilities for its people to develop their skills.

You can Download Society and Economy in Medieval India Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 5 Society and Economy in Medieval India Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 5 Notes

Society And Economy In Medieval India Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Complete the table related to agricultural progress in medieval India.

Answer:

Society And Economy In Medieval India Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Analyze the progress in the field of agriculture during the Chola period.
Answer:
During the medieval India, there was tremendous, progress in agricultural activities. Irrigation facilities improved with the construction of canals and digging of wells. Advent of new machines and tools improved the possibility of crop production. Many varieties of paddy and other crops were being cultivated in India. The Chola kings who ruled south India at the beginning of the medieval period adopted several measures to ensure agricultural progress. The steps taken by the Chola kings include the following.

• Construction of canals
• Steps to ensure water prosperity in river Kaveri
• Measures taken by the summit that worked. under the Subhas, the body for village administration.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 3.
How did the technological advancement help occupational field? Conduct a discussion and prepare a note.
Answer:
Several technological advancements and inventions took place in medieval period.
Charkha (a domestic spinning wheel) was the key factor that facilitated the development of textile industry. It was in the fourteenth century that charkha began to be used in India. Indians adopted this technology from the Chinese. With the advent of charkha, the production of yarn in-creased by six times.

Weaving also advanced along with spinning. The invention of loom brought tremendous changes in weaving. The technology for the production of silk from silkworms also spread widely during that period. It was Bengal that pioneered the production of silk in the fourteenth century. The production of carpet and paper were other major handi-crafts prevalent then. There was great demand for Indian carpets in the foreign market. In India paper began to be used in the thirteenth century.

Metallurgy and mining were other industries that flourished in this period. Those who were engaged in metallurgy mostly produced agriculture tools and war equipment. The production of horseshoe, and iron stirrup made drastic changes in war technology. Copper and gems were mined from Rajasthan and Golkonda respectively. Salt production was another important occupation that thrived much in this period. Seashore, salt rocks, and salt lakes were the major sources of salt. West Punjab and Sambhar in Rajasthan were the chief salt-producing centers.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
With the help of an atlas, identify and mark the above-given countries in the world map

Answer:

• Sumatra and Java (Indonesia)
• Persia (Iran)
• Holland
• England
• China
• Portugal
• France

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 5.
Mark the major ports in the map of India and identify the states where they are situated now.
Answer:

• Ports — States
• Cambaby — Gujarat
• Broach — Gujarat
• Surat — Gujarat
• Goa — Goa
• Nagapatanam — Tamil Nadu
• Kozhikode — Kerala
• Kollam — Kerala

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 6.
Discuss the role of the government in the promotion of medieval trade and commerce.
Answer:
The government played significant role in the promotion of medieval trade and commerce. The measures taken by the government include the following.

• Constructed roads connecting major cities
• Granted loans to traders
• Constructed Sarais (rest houses)
• Implemented uniform taxation
• Postal facilities were made efficient
• Implemented efficient coinage system

9th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
What were the factors that facilitated the growth of medieval Indian cities.
Answer:

• Agricultural and commercial progress
• Rapid increase in urban population
• New sections of people inhabited in the cities
• Large number of slaves were captured from battles to cities
• Migration of people including cooks, weavers and leather craftsmen to the cities.

Social Notes For Class 9 State Syllabus Question 8.
The medieval period was played with inequalities’. Analyze the statement.
Answer:
In medieval India, there were 3 strata of people such as the upper class, the middle class, and the lower class. Majority of the people were farmers. When landlords lived luxuriously, the common mass had to struggle with a pathetic life. They were burdened by excessive tax. Majority of the farmers could not own land, oxen, and plough. According to the historical sources of the Mughal period, there were two types of peasants-Khud-Kashta and Pahi-Kashta.

The Zamindars were the dominant class in the agricultural sector during the Mughal period. They were the owners of vast agricultural fields. They did not cultivate directly. They used others to cultivate. They enjoyed high position in the society and collected tax from peasants on behalf of the rulers. They maintained their own castles and troop. Slavery system was also prevalent in medieval India. In short, it can be stated that the medieval period was plagued with inequalities

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Prepare a note on the condition of women in medieval India
Answer:
The condition of women in medieval India was very pathetic. The practice of Sati and child marriage were existed in India. There were restrictions for remarriage. Since girls were married at a very tender age, they did not get the opportunity for education. The role of women in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors was significant. They involved themselves in all the stages of farming from sowing to harvesting.

They were engaged in weaving, pottery, and embroidery too. Even then, there were several women who had adorned higher political and social positions. Noorjahan, the wife of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Sultana Rasiya were excellent administrators. Gulbadan Begum (sister of Humayun), Jahanara (daughter of Shah Jahan), and Jeeja Bai (the mother of Shivaji) were women who. held higher positions.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science English Medium Question 10.
Discuss the social life in medieval India and prepare a note.
Answer:
The hierarchy based on caste system prevailed in medieval period too. The Brahmins enjoyed a higher status. Increase in the number of castes was a major feature of this period. The newly formed occupational groups gradually evolved as castes.

Similar to that in North India, the castes in South India were Idankai and valenki. Even though there was economic progress in medieval period, very less could get benefit from it. Majority were affected by poverty. Caste system and slavery intensified inequalities in the social set up.

Let Us Assess

Hsslive Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
How did the development in agricultural sector help the economic progress of medieval India? Evaluate
Answer:

• Large scale cultivation of crops helped attain food security.
• As part of agricultural progress, irrigation facilities improved in the country.
• Several industries based on agricultural products were developed in medieval India.
• Textile Industry, weaving, and spinning, handi-crafts, metallurgy and mining flourished in India leading to economic prosperity.
• Surplus agricultural production helped the growth of commerce and trade.
• Trade centers and ports were developed.

9th Class Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 12.
What were the major means of livelihood of Indians during the Sultanate and the Mughal periods?
Answer:

• Forming
• Construction for farming purposes
• Handicrafts
• Spinning and weaving
• Metallurgy and mining
• Trade and commerce

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 13.
How did the invention of new technologies help the progress in occupational and industrial sectors.
Answer:
Several technological advancement and inventions took place in medieval period.
Charkha (a domestic spinning wheel) was the key factor that facilitated the development of textile industry. It was in the fourteenth century that charkha began to be used in India. Indians adopted this technology from the Chinese. With the advent of charkha, the production of yarn increased by six times.

Weaving also advanced along with spinning. The invention of loom brought tremendous changes in weaving. The technology for the production of silk from silkworms also spread widely during that period. It was Bengal that pioneered the production of silk in the fourteenth century. The production of carpet and paper were other major
handicrafts prevalent then. There was great demand for Indian carpets in the foreign market. In India paper began to be used in the thirteenth century. Metallurgy and mining were other industries that flourished in this period.

Those who were engaged in metallurgy mostly produced agriculture tools and war equipments. The production of horseshoe, and iron stirrup made drastic changes in war technology. Copper and gems were mined from Rajasthan and Golkonda respectively. Salt production was another important occupation that thrived much in this period. Seashore, salt rocks, and salt lakes were the major sources of salt. West Punjab and Sambhar in Rajasthan were the chief salt-producing centers.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
What were the steps taken by the rulers of India in medieval period for the progress in trade.
Answer;

• Constructed roads connecting major cities
• Granted loans to traders
• Constructed Sarais (rest houses)
• Implemented uniform taxation
• Postal facilities were made efficient
• Implemented efficient coinage system

Question 15.
What were the two major trade groups in India? Which were the areas of trade they engaged?
Answer:

Export items:

• Cotton fabrics
• Indigo
• Salt
• Sugar

Import Items Metals:

• Leather
• Velvet
• Dry fruits
• Horse

Question 16.
Prepare a note on the life of peasants in medieval India.
Answer:
In the medieval India, there were two types of peas-ants namely khud-kasta and Pahi-Kashta

Question 17.
What was the socio-economic status of women in medieval India
Answer:
The socio-economic status of women in Medieval India was not satisfactory. The practice of Sati and child marriage were existed in India. There were restrictions for remarriage. Since girls were married at a very tender age, they did not get the opportunity for education. The role of women in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors was significant. They involved themselves in all the stages of farming from sowing to harvesting. They were engaged in weaving, pottery, and embroidery too.

Even then, there were several women who had adorned higher political and social position. Noorjahan, the wife of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and Sultana Rasiya were excellent administrators Gulbadan Begum (sister of Humayun), Jahanara (daughter of Shah Jahan), and Jeeja Bai (the mother of Shivaji) were women who held higher positions.

Society and Economy in Medieval India Model Questions and Answers

Question 18.
‘Qitab-ul-Rihla’ was written by
Answer:
I bn Battuta

Question 19.
List the factors that helped agricultural progress in, South India.
Answer:

• Water prosperity in River Kaveri
• Alluvaial deposit of its tributaries
• Canal constructed for irrigation by the Chola Kings
• The measures taken by the Samitis that worked under the Sabhas, the body for village administration.

Question 20.
Construct a table showing types of farmlands and their features
Answer:
The historical sources of the Chola period confirm that there were four types of farmlands.

Question 21.
……….. was the key factor that facilitated the development of textile industry.
Answer:
UseofCharkha

Question 22.
Indians adopted the technology of charkha from
a) England
b) Portugal
c) South Africa
d) China
Answer:
d) China

Question 23.
Identify important handicrafts prevalent during medi-eval period.
Answer:

• Carpet
• Paper

Question 24.
What made drastic changes in war technology
Answer:

• Production of horseshoe
• Production of iron stirrup

Question 25.
Complete the table related to production of salt during medieval period.

Answer:

Question 26.
Identify two major inland trade routes that facilitated trade during medieval period.
Answer:

1. From Lahore to Kabul
2. From Multan to Kandahar

Question 27.
Maritime trade was who known as
Answer:
Coastline trade

Question 28.
Name major ports of medieval India
Answer:

1. Cambay
2. Broach
3. Surat
4. Goa
5. Nagapattanam
6. Kozhikode
7. Kollam

Question 29.
Categories the following items an export and import items.
1. Cotton fabrics
2. Indigo metal
3. Salt leather
4. Velvet
5. Sugar
6. Dry fruits horse
Answer:
Export items:
1. Cotton fabrics
2. Indigo
3. Salt
4. Sugar
Import Items Metals
5. Leather
6. Velvet
7. Dry fruits
8. Horse

Question 30.
In south India, the horse traders were also known as
Answer:
Kuthirachettis

Question 31.
Name the countries in the field of horse trade
Answer:

• Arab countries
• Portuguese

Question 32.
Prepare a note on the postal system that prevailed in India.
Answer:
Ullokh and Dava were the postal systems that prevailed in India. For carrying posts, horses and foot runners were used in Ullookand Dava respectively. There were three collection and distribution centers within a distance of one mile.

Question 33.
Complete the table showing the Europeans who arrived in India for trade and the items they traded

Answer:

Question 34.
What lead to the direct trade between India and Europe?
Answer:
Arrival of Vasco da Gama at Calicut in 1498 led to the direct trade between India and Europe.

Question 35.
Prepare a note on the system of coinage existed in medieval India.
Answer:
Ah efficient coinage existed in the Sultanate period. Tanka, the silver coin and Jital, the copper coin were in use at that time. SherShah made drastic reforms in coinage. The Rupeed, a silver coin he introduced, survived for long Emperor Akbar issued the silver coin called Jalali and the gold coin called illahi.

Question 36.
Identify major cities in Medieval India.
Answer:

• Gra
• Lahore
• Delhi
• Khandesh
• Ahmmedabad
• Dacca
• Daulathabad
• Banaras

Question 37.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:

Question 38.
The Zamindars who belonged to high castes were known as ……………
Answer:
Deshmukh, Patil and Naik

Question 39.
Complethe flowchart

Answer:

Question 40.
The travelogues of the medieval period record that slavery had prevailed in India. Substantiate.
Answer:
The travelogues of the medieval period record that slavery had prevailed in India then. Ibn Bathuta, a traveler to India in the 14th century, revealed that he had bought horses, camels, and slaves to present to Muhammed Bin Tughlaq, the then ruler. He also stated that the slaves in the courts excelled in music and dance. Markets exclusively for slave trade existed then. Majority of the slaves were detainers of the battles. They were imported from Africa.

Question 41.
Name the women who held higher positions during medieval period.
Answer:

• Noorjahan
• Sultana Rasiya
• Gulbadan Beegum
• Jahanara
• Jeeja Bai

Question 42.
What do you mean by Idankai and Valankai?
Answer:
The castes in South India were broadly divided into Idankai and Valankai. Those who engaged in trade and handicrafts were known as Idankai castes and those who engaged in agriculture sector were known as Valankai castes.

You can Download By the Hands of the Nature Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 4 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 4 By the Hands of the Nature Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 4 Notes

By The Hands Of The Nature Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 1.

Observe the diagram. Haven’t you seen how rainwater carries away the loose rock particles from elevated regions and deposits elsewhere? What all changes take place on the surface of the earth as a result of both the process mentioned above?
Answer:
Carries loose material away – erosion
Deposits in low lying regions – deposition

By The Hands Of The Nature Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus 9th Question 2.
What are the different process of weathering?
Answer:
Weathering is the process where rock is dissolved, worn away or broken down into smaller and smalleds pieces. There are three different weathering processes such as mechanical, chemical and organic/biological.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Geography Notes Question 3.
Varied features are seen in the river course at every stage. Observe the diagram and answer the following questions by analyzing the features of these three courses.
i) In which stage is the intensity of erosion more?
ii) Which process results in the landforms in the lower course?
iii) In which stage of the river is the amount of sediments more?
Answer:
i) Upper course
ii) Active depositional process
iii) Middle course

Hss Live Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
What could be the reason behind the round shape and polished surface of pebbles?
Answer:
The rock particles are carried by the river rub against the rocks along the bed and both the sides of the river. This results in the wearing down of rocks. Such erosion is known an abrasion or corrosion. Through these processes, the river can polish even the hard rocks along its course.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 5.
Why are gullies formed along steep slopes?
Answer:
Gullies are formed through intense erosion resulting from an increase in the velocity of water flow.

Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 6.


Observe the pictures to understand how oxbow lakes take birth from meanders.
Answer:
Meanders are usually formed in the middle and lower courses of wide rivers. The transformation happening to the meanders through further erosion and deposition: Meanders may further curve through continuous erosion and deposition. Finally, the river takes a straight course. The curves may get detached from the main river to form isolated water bodies. Such water bodies are called oxbow lakes.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Prepare notes by discussing the agricultural importance of flood plains.
Answer:
The deposition of alluvium along both the flooded banks may cause the formation of plains called flood plains. Flood plains contain rich and fertile soil suitable for cultivation. Agricultural improvement is possible in flood plains. This has historically led to the development of various civilizations along the flood plains. Flood plains are along the banks of rivers. Thus the area is rich in water availability. The physiography of flood plains is suitable for both agricultural activities and settlement.

Hsslive Guru 9th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Complete the table based on what you have learnt about the landform created by rivers.

Answer:

Hsslive Guru 9th Geography Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Why is water is called universal solvent?
Answer:
Water is called as universal solvent because most of the mineral present in the rocks gets dissolved as water pass through them.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Identify the landform created by the merging of stalacticles and stalagmites.
Answer:
Limestone pillars

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 11.
Name the districts in which the tourism-oriented beaches in Kerala can be found? )
Answer:
Thiruvananthapuram, Alappuzha, Kannur, Kozhikode, Kasaragod, and Kollam

Hsslive Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Which is the major geomorphic agent creating landforms in deserts?
Answer:
Rock pedestals, Deflation hollows, Oasis, Sand dunes, Yasdangs and Desert Pavements.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 13.
What could be the reason for the increased erosion at the bottom of the rocks as shown in the figure?

Answer:
Mushroom rocks are created by wind blowing material and eroding the rocks to form a mushroom rock. It also can be formed by glacial erosion. This can happen when a glacier retreats and leaves behind rocks causing the rock on the bottom to erode faster leaving behind a mushroom rock. One day, erosion will weaken the base of these rocks and the top part will come tumbling down.

By the Hands of the Nature Model Questions and Answers

Hsslive Guru Social Science 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
What are glaciers?
Answer;
Thick masses of ice slowly move downhill in snow-clad region are called glaciers.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 15.
Define geomorphology
Answer:
Geomorphology is the branch of geography which deal with the study of origin and evolution of landforms.

Question 16.
What are geomorphic processes?
Answer:
The processes that help in the formation of landforms are called geomorphic processes.

Question 17.
Distinguish between erosion and deposition.
Answer;
The transfer of rock particles framed by chemical, physical or biological weathering processes from one place to another by external agencies such as running water, wing, glaciers, sea waves, etc. is called erosion. These materials will be deposited in low lying regions and this process is called deposition.

Question 18.
Identify the external agencies that help in erosion?
Answer:
Running water, wing, glaciers, sea waves.

Question 19.
Place of origin of river is called
Answer:
Source

Question 20.
The place at which river discharges into the sea or water bodies called ……………
Answer:
River mouth.

Question 21.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:

Question 22.
Match the following

Answer:

Question 23.
Point out the features of upper course
Answer:

• Place of origin of the river
• River flows through steep slopes
• Intense rate of erosion
• Less amount of sediments
• No deposition
• Landforms such as valley, waterfall, etc. are seen

Question 24.
What are the features of middle course?
Answer:

• Flows through the foothills
• Both erosional and depositional processes are active
• More sediments are carried down
• Features such as meanders and oxbow lakes are seen

Question 25.
Mention important peculiarities of lower course.
Answer:

• Flows through the plains
• Active depositional process
• The quantity of water, as well as sediments, is high
• Depositional landforms such as flood plains are deltas are seen

Question 26.
Point out the factors affecting the intensity of river erosion.
Answer:

• Velocities of water flow
• Slope of the terrain
• Rock structure

Question 27.
Explain the process of abrasion or corrosion.
Answer;
The rock particles like gravel, sand, pebbles, etc. carried by the river rub against the rocks along the bed and the sides of the river. This results in the wearing down of rocks. Such erosion is known as abrasion or corrosion. Through these processes, the river can polish even hard rocks along its course.

Question 28.
River bed erosion is more prevalent in ………..
a) Upper course of the river
b) Middle course of the river
c) Lower course of the river
Answer:
a) Upper course of the river

Question 29.
Examine the process that results in waterfalls.
Answer:
Waterfalls are generally formed at the upper course of rivers as a result of erosion. Soft rocks are easily eroded in the valleys where soft and hard rocks are found intermingled. This results in the formation of waterfalls.

Question 30.
What do you mean by flood plains?
Answer:
Rivers overflowing their banks during rainy seasons. Flood water may cover extensive areas on both sides of the river. The deposition of alluvium along both the flooded banks may cause the formation of plains. Such plains are called flood plains.

Question 31.
How is deltas formed?
Answer:
Velocity of the river decreases when it nears the river mouth. Most rivers branch out to distributaries at this stage where the volume of both water and sediments is high. The sediments brought by the river are deposited between these distributaries forming almost triangular-shaped landforms called deltas. These features are called as they resemble the Greek alphabet A (Delta).

Question 32.
Name the largest delta in the world.
Answer;
The Sundarbans in West Bengal

Question 33.
Why are the erosional and depositional landforms of underground water mainly confined to limestone region?
Answer;
Rocks like limestone easily dissolve in rainwater which percolates to form underground water. Hence the erosional and depositional landforms of underground water are mainly confined to limestone regions.

Question 34.
Categorize the following based on their formation.
1. Limestone caves
2. Stalactites
3. Stalagmites
4. Limestone Pillars
Answer:
Erosion:
Limestone caves
Depositions:

• Stalactites
• Stalagmites
• Limestone Pillars

Question 35.
Give an example of limestone caves.
Answer;
The Borra caves near Visakhapatnam in Seemandhra

Question 36.
What are coastlines? Give different types of coastlines.
Answer:
Coastal landforms are created by the erosional and depositional processes carried out by the waves. There are two types of coastlines namely.

• Rocky coasts
• Non-rocky coasts

Question 37.
Define sea cliff.
Answer:
The steep hillocks facing the sea are called sea cliffs.

Question 38.
Give an example of sea cliff in Kerala.
Answer:
Varkala beach

Question 39.
Landforms created by wind are mostly seen in
a) Valleys
b) Beaches
c) Deserts
d) Farmlands
Answer:
c) Deserts

Question 40.
What is the process of deflation?
Answer:
The strong whirlwind carry away the dry desert sands from one place to another. This process of wind erosion is called deflation.

Question 41.
What do you mean by barchans?
Answer;
The sand dunes formed in the deserts are as a result of the deposition by wind. The sand dunes commonly formed in crescent shapes are called barchans.

Let Us Assess

Question 42.
Describe the characteristic of different stages in a river’s course.
Answer;
The course of a river can generally be divided into three stages based on the difference in slope from its source to mouth.

• Upper course
• Middle course
• Lower course

Upper course is that part of the river where it rapidly flows down along steep slopes from the place of origin. The intensity of erosion is severe in this course. Middle course is that stage of the river where it flows through gently sloping foothills. As the velocity of the flow decreases, the intensity of erosion declines and deposition begins.
Lower course is the stage where the river flows through the plains. The rate of deposition will be higher due to the slow pace of the river and the increase in the amount of sediments during this stage.

Question 43
Compare the ‘v-shaped’ valleys with ‘u shaped’ valleys based on processes of formation.
Answer:
Deepening of gullies occurs through intense erosion resulting from an increase in the velocity of water flow. The valleys take a distinct shape as a result of the intensity of erosion along the river bed. Such valleys are called V-shaped valleys.

The rate of erosion along the river bed decreases as the river leaves the upper course. However lateral erosion dominates, the river flowing through comparatively gentle slopes takes deviations when the sediments or rock forms create obstruction to the flow. Such bending course of a river is leading to u shaped valleys.

Question 44.
List with example the agricultural and environmental significance of deltas and flood plains.
Answer:
The deposition of alluvium along both the flooded banks may cause the formation of plains called flood plains. Flood plains contain rich and fertile soil suitable for cultivation. Agricultural improvement is possible in flood plains. This has historically led to the development of various civilizations along the flood plains. Flood plains are along the banks of rivers. Thus the area is rich in water availability. The physiography of flood plains is suitable for both agricultural activities and settlement.

Question 45.
Illustrate the formation of mushroom rocks with the help of a diagram
Answer:
As a result of the continued erosion caused by sand and other rock particles carried by strong winds, rocks in deserts get worn down. This process of wind erosion is called abrasion. Figure given below shows here is of a rock formed in this manner. Such rocks seen in deserts resembling mushrooms are called mushroom rocks.

Question 46.
Explain the formation of any two erosional landforms created by glaciers.
Answer:
Glacial landforms are generally confined to the high mountain ranges and the poles. The movement of a glacier along the mountain slope is depicted in the given picture.

Observe the changes happening to the valley at different stages. Different types of valleys as shown in the pictures are formed by glacial erosion. Armchair like valleys so formed are called cirques.

Question 47.
Prepare a table showing the erosional and depositional landforms created by any three external forces.

Answer:

Question 48.
Identify the landforms shown in the pictures and explain how they are formed

Answer:
A — Oxbow lakes:
Meanders are usually formed in the middle and lower courses of wide rivers. The transformation happening to the meanders through further erosion and deposition. Meanders may further curve through continuous erosion and deposition. Finally, the river takes a straight course. The curves may get detached from the main river to form isolated water bodies. Such water bodies are called oxbow lakes.
B — Mushroom Rocks:
As a result of the continued erosion caused by sand and other rock particles carried by strong winds, rocks in deserts get worn down. This process of wind erosion is called abrasion. Figure given below shows here is of a rock formed in this manner. Such rocks seen in deserts resembling mushrooms are called mushroom rocks.

You can Download Indian Constitution: Rights and Duties Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 3 Indian Constitution: Rights and Duties Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 3 Notes

Indian Constitution Rights And Duties 9th Class Question 1.
Fundamental Rights are very essential for leading a dignified life. Discuss.
Answer:
Fundamental rights are those rights which cannot be denied to a person at any cost. Right to equality, right to freedom, right against exploitation, right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights and right to constitutional remedies are the fundamental rights.

Every individual wishes to lead a dignified life. This is not an easy task. When one gets freedom, equality and relief from exploitation, a dignified in made possible. The constitution provides all these rights to an individual through provision of fundamental rights. Thus it can be seen that fundamental rights are very essential for leading a dignified life.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 2.
Elaborate the list by adding the important measures taken by the government for achieving equality.
1. Untouchability Offences Act 1955
2. ……………….
3. ……………….
4. ……………….
Answer:

1. Untouchability Offences Act 1955
2. Equality before law
3. Abolition of Titles
4. Equality of opportunity in public employment
5. Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, race sex play of birth.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
How does the right against exploitation protect the citizens? Discuss.
Answer;
It is the right of every citizen the enjoyment of freedom. In a democratic country, such freedom has great significance. In India there exist different types of exploitation including child labour. We can see economic exploitation similar to slavery around us. The Right against exploitation is concerned with the prohibition of this type of exploitation and equip the individuals for lead¬ing a dignified life.
As per this right:

• Forced labour and trafficking human beings are prohibited
• Employment of children in factories and other dangerous sectors are forbidden.

Hsslive Guru Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
How does the right against exploitation protect the citizens? Discuss.
Answer:

• Protection form child labour
• Protects citizens form forced labour
• Prohibits human trafficking
• Protects children and women from employment in factories and dangerous sectors

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard History Notes Question 5.
How does right to freedom of religion promote secularism? Discuss.
Answer:
Indian Constitution ensures the right to freedom of religion. This enables people to believe in any religion. The right to freedom of religion ensures the right to protects, practice and propagate any religion. Freedom is also given to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes. The country is not having any official religion. In this way the right to freedom of religion promotes secularism.

9th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Cultural and educational rights help to protect the cultural progress of the nation. Discuss.
Answer:
Every nation expects cultural advancement. India, the land of cultural diversity is particular about it. The Constitution also helps to achieve this goal, by ensuring cultural and educational rights. By education, everyone learn about the cultural diversity of our nation. Similarly one can learn the culture of various regions through education. This knowledge will enable us to improve our cultural aspects and life in this way cultural and educational rights help to protect the cultural progress of the nation.

Class 9 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Analyse the importance of the right to Constitutional remedies.
Answer:
Fundamental rights are to be protected.
The Constitution proposes remedial measures if the Fundamental Rights are violated. This is known as the Right to constitutional remedies. As per this right, if the Fundamental Rights are violated an individual can approach either the Supreme Court or the High Courts for enforcing them. The orders issued by the respective courts for the enforcement of the Fundamental rights are known as writs. Thus the right to constitutional remedies plays significant role in protecting our rights.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 8.
Fill column B with appropriate fundamental rights corresponding to the items given in A.

Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Question 9.
Define Directive Principles. Evaluate their importance.
Answer;
The Constitution directs the central and the state governments to organize and implement programmes keeping the public welfare in mind. Such directives are included in part IV of the Indian Constitution as the Directive Principles.

There is an indivisible relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. Directive Principles are to be implemented for the realization of Fundamental Rights in its full sense. As a criterion which helped the evaluation and betterment of the governmental activities, no one can deny the importance of the Directive Principles.

Social Science Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Find out the Directive Principles which are implemented by the government and list them.
Answer:

• Free legal aid
• Equal pay for equal work to both and women.
• Protection of the education, economic interests of the school’s castes and scheduled tribes.
• Ensuring international peace security.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Social Science Question 11.
Fundamental duties are the responsibility which individuals have to perform towards themselves. Analyze
Answer:
Fundamental Duties are included in Part IV A of the constitution. Certain duties are to be performed by the citizens towards the state to protect the unity and integrity of the nation. These duties are known as Fundamental Duties. When the state provides us rights and protection, it is our duty to abide The Constitution to develop cordiality among the citizens and to provide help for the betterment of the nation.

Accomplishing the fundamental Duties in this manner will create a better society and its result will reach everyone. In effect, the Fundamental Duties can be considered as the responsibilities which the individual have to perform towards themselves.

Std 9 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Prepare a chart containing the fundamental duties.
Answer:

• Stand up while the national anthem is sung
• Protect historical monuments
• Foster cordiality among the people
• Protect the unity and integrity of the nation
• Protect the environment

Let Us Assess

Social Science Class 9 Notes State Syllabus Question 13.
Define fundamental rights
Answer;
Fundamental rights are those rights which cannot be denied to a person at any cost.

Class 9 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Which country’s Constitution influenced the formation of Fundamental Rights in India (America, Britain, France) ’
Answer:
America

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Geography Question 15.
What are the Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India?
Answer:

• Right to equality
• Right to freedom
• Right against exploitation
• Right to freedom of religion, cultural and educational rights
• Right to constitutional remedies are the fundamental rights.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf In English Medium Question 16.
Why are certain rights known as Fundamental Rights?
Answer:
Fundamental Rights are those rights which cannot be denied to a person at any cost. They are inevitable for the holistic development of an individual. They are very essential for leading a dignified life. So the Fundamental Rights and their protection are very important in a democratic society.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Notes Question 17.
Which are the ideas included in the Right to Equality
Answer:
The ideas included in the Right to equality are given below:

• Ensure equality before law
• Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, race, sex, place of birth, etc.
• Ensure equality of opportunity in public employment
• Abolition of titles

Question 18.
Which are the different types of freedom given in the Fundamental Right to Freedom? Evaluate its importance.

• Freedom of speech and expression.
• Freedom to assemble peacefully, without arms. Besides these two rights, the following rights are also included in the right to freedom.
• Freedom to form associations.
• Freedom to travel anywhere in India.
• Freedom to reside anywhere in India
• Freedom to carry on any occupation, trade, or business
• Right to life and personal liberty.
• Right to free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of 6 -14 years.
• Protection from arbitrary arrest and detention.

Question 19.
Free and compulsory education to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 is a part of which Fundamental Right? (cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Equality, Right to Freedom of Religion)
Answer:
Cultural and educational rights

Question 20.
Which are the areas protected by Right against Exploitation?
Answer:

• Child labor
• Exploitation at job sites
• Forced labor
• Human trafficking
• Dangerous job conditions
• Slavery

Question 21.
Explain the Rights to freedom of religion, analyze how it protects secularism.
Answer:
There is no official religion for India. India does not promote any religion. But religious, freedom is en¬sured by the constitution.
Right to freedom of religion ensures the following.

• Right to professes, practice and propagate any religion.
• Freedom to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes.

Question 22.
Which Fundamental right prohibits untouchability? (Right against Exploitation, Right to Equality, Right to Freedom of Religion)
Answer:
Right to equality

Question 23.
Which Fundamental Right mentions about the right ‘ of minorities? (Right to Equality, Cultural and Educational Rights, Right to Freedom of Religion)
Answer:
Cultural and educational right

Question 24.
Explain how cultural and educational rights protect the interest of minorities.
Answer:
India is a land of diversity. It is inevitable to recognize and respect the diversity for maintaining the unity and development of the country. Hence, our Consti¬tution gives prime consideration for the protection of minority interest. Cultural and educational rights have been included in the Constitution for the protection of the interest of the minority sections. According to this, the following aspects have been ensured for the minorities.

• Protection of their language, script, and culture
• Religious and linguistic minorities have the right to establish and administer educational institu¬tions of their choice.

Question 25.
What is meant by Right to Constitutional remedies?
Answer:
Fundamental rights are to be protected.
The Constitution proposes remedial measures if the Fundamental Rights are violated. This is known as the Right to constitutional remedies. As per this right, if the Fundamental Rights are violated an individual can approach either the Supreme Court or the High Courts for enforcing them. The orders issued by the respective courts for the enforcement of the Fundamental rights are known as writs. Thus the right to constitutional remedies plays significant role in protecting our rights.

Question 26.
Find out the Fundamental right which was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the heart and soul of the Constitution and evaluate its importance.
Answer:
Right to constitutional remedies

Question 27.
Arrange the facts given below in the table.

Answer:
Right to freedom, organization of village panchayaths, protecting the unity and integrity of the nation, cultural and educational rights, prohibition of intoxicating substances protection of historical monuments, ensure international peace and security.

Question 28.
What is meant by writs? Evaluate its importance.
Answer;
The orders issued by the supreme court and the High courts for the enforcement of the fundamental rights are known as writs. Writes are of 5 types. Through writs, the court are protecting the fundamental rights.

Question 29.
Explain the Directive Principles. Analyze how it becomes a criterion for the valuation of the working of the government.
Answer;
The Constitution directs the central and the state governments to organize and implement programmes keeping the public welfare in mind. Such directives are included in part IV of the Indian Constitution as the Directive Principles.

There is an indivisible relationship between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles. Directive Principles are to be implemented for the realization of Fundamental Rights in its full sense. As a criterion which helped the evaluation and betterment of the governmental activities, no one can deny the importance of the Directive Principles.

Question 30.
What is meant by fundamental duties?
Answer:
Fundamental duties can be considered as the responsibilities which the individual have to perform towards themselves.

Indian Constitution: Rights and Duties Model Questions and Answers

Question 31.
Name the country which influenced the formulation of our Fundamental Rights
Answer:
a) America
b) France
c) Australia
d) Switzerland

Question 32.
Who is the architect of the Constitution of India?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Question 33.
Did the people of India enjoy rights and liberty during foreign rule? How as India’s response?
Answer:
You might have understood that the Indians have been denied many rights during the British rule. The Indian freedom movement repeatedly raised the demand for ensuring rights of the citizens. The most important among them was the Nehru Committee Report of 1928. This report submitted a list of rights which are to be ensured to the people of India. The framers of the Constitution prepared the Fundamental Rights based on the rights aimed by the struggle for Independence and recommended by Nehru Committee Report.

Question 34.
Read the following news item.
Human Rights Associations for demolishing the ‘Caste Fort’ in Madhyamapuram village.
Delhi: Various Human Rights Associations urged the government to demolish the wall in the north Indian village of Madhyamapuram which was constructed to present the entry of Dalit sections in the residential area of the upper caste people. The discrimination in Madhyamapuram are not confined to caste alone. Denial of entry for. women in streets and restaurants and no entry for outside villagers to this village were also in the’ news early.
What are the different types of discrimination mentioned in the news given above?
Answer:

• Discrimination based on caste
• Gender inequality
• Discrimination based on place of birth

Question 35.
Complete the checklist given below.

Answer:
a) yes
b) yes
c) yes
d) yes
e) yes

Question 36.
Point out the idea of Mahatma Gandhi that have been. included in the Directive Principles
Answer:
Several ideas of the father of our nation, Mahatma Gandhi, have been included in the Directive Principles. Some of them are mentioned below.

• Organization of Grama Panchayaths.
• Promotion of cottage industries
• Prohibiting of intoxicating substances.

Question 37.
Prepare a note on welfare state.
Answer:
A welfare state aims to develop and implement policies for the welfare of all the people. Welfare states aim to provide protection and services for the uplift of the people
as best as they can. A welfare state ensures the fair distribution of public resources, education, and health.

Question 38.
What is the aim of issuing writs?
Answer:
The aim of issuing writs is the enforcement of the fundamental rights.

Question 39.
Point out different types of writs.
Answer:
Write are of 5 types. They are

1. Habeas corpus
2. Mandamus
3. Quowarrantto
4. Certiorari
5. Prohibition

Question 40.
‘Directive Principle are directions’. Justify.
Answer:
As the name indicates, all these are directions. These are the directives to the state, which are to be considered while formulating policies and implementing plans.

Question 41.
What do you mean by equality before law?
Answer:
Equality before law means that all are equal before the legal system. Whatever be the official position and powers, one should not be above the law.