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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 2 Medieval World: Centres of Power Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 1 Notes

Medieval World Centres Of Power 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
The middle Age was an era of the growth of civilization worldwide. The economic transformation brought by the medieval life and its characteristics were the causes of the revolutionary changes in the 16^th century.
J.D. Bemal
Science in History (vol.1)
Examine the statement given above.
a) What does this statement refer to?
b) What are the characteristic features of the medi¬eval world?
Answer:
a) The statement refers to the Medieval world,
b) The period between the fifth and fifteenth centuries CE is known as the medieval period.
The political structure of the medieval world was similar. But there were differences in the forms of authority. They were different in Europe, Asia, America, and Africa.

Learning Excellence Record Std 9 Answers Kerala Syllabus Question 2.

Observe the map of Eastern Roman Empire and find out the regions of West Asia, Europe and Africa included in it. Prepare a list of the countries in which they are located.

Medieval World Centres Of Power Textbook Pdf 9th Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:

Medieval World: Centres Of Power Questions And Answers Pdf 9th Question 4.
History will judiciously forget the wars and Justinian and remember him for his laws.
a) Whose observation is given above?
b) About whom is the observation made?
c) What was his major achievement?
d) What are its features?
Answer:
a) Will Durant
b) Justinian. He was the famous Eastern Roman Emperor
c) Corpus Juris Civilis
(Codification of all the existing Roman laws: into a code of law)
d) Corpus Juris Civilis, the code is based on the principles of

• Reasoning
• Justice and
• Generocity

Medieval World: Centres Of Power Questions And Answers 9th Question 5.
Observe the world map and list the present European countries that were part of the Holy Roman Empire.

Answer:

• Portugal Spain
• France
• Italy
• Germany
• Bulgaria
• Serbia
• Austria
• Romania

Medieval World: Centres Of Power Class 9 Notes Pdf Question 6.
Prepare a note on the history of the formation of the Holy Roman Empire.
Answer;
The Western Roman Empire with its capital at Rome came to an end due to the continuous invasions of the Germanic tribes. The territories of the Roman Em¬pire were captured by different tribes. The most prominent among them was the Franks. The empire established by the Franks was the Frankish Empire. The famous Emperor of the Frankish Empire was Charlemagne of the Carolingian dynasty. The empire of Charlemagne was larger than the Eastern Roman empire.

Charlemagne saved Pope Leo III, the spiritual head of the Catholic Church from the tribal attack of the Lombards. As a token of gratitude, the pope crowned him as the Holy Roman Emperor. Hence his em¬pire came to be known as the Holy Roman Empire.

Learning Excellence Record Std 9 Answers Samagra Question 7.
Charlemagne was a great conqueror as well as an efficient administrator. What were his administrative achievements?
Answer:

• He brought almost all of the Western European regions under his sway.
• He expanded his empire through political alliances and matrimonial relations.
• He introduced centralized administration in his empire.
• Local administration was entrusted to officers known as ‘Counts’.
• To keep and effective check upon the activities of the Counts, he created a secret department named ‘Micci Dominici.
• Relief funds were created for helping the poor.
• A network of educational institutions was established under the leadership of Charlemagne. The resultant intellectual awakening was known as the Carolingian Renaissance.

Medieval India: The Centres Of Power Questions And Answers Pdf 9th Question 8.
Observe the map of Arabia and find out the location of the places given below. In which countries are they located now.
1. Mecca
2. Medina
3. Damascus
4. Baghdad
Answer:
1. Mecca – Saudi Arabia
2. Medina – Saudi Arabia
3. Damascus – Syria
4. Arabia – Iraq

Learning Excellence Record Std 9 Answers Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Why is it said that Harun-al-Rashid was different from other Medieval rulers?
Answer:

• Harun-al-Rashid was the most famous ruler of the Albbasid dynasty
• He implemented many welfare measures.
• Hospitals were established in Arabia for the first time.
• Judicial administration was based on the principles of Islam and the rule of law was strictly observed.
• The people were free to travel anywhere in the empire without fear.
• Established contacts with the Holy Empire.

Learning Excellence Record Std 9 Answer Key Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Observe the map of the world and list the regions which were part of the Ottoman Empire.

Answer:

1. Alexandria
2. Jerusalem
3. Damascus
4. Constantinople
5. Athens
6. Belgrade
7. Mecca
8. Medina
9. Tripoli
10. Salonica

Medieval World Centres Of Power Questions And Answers Question 11.
Observe the map given and find out the continents in which the Mongolian Empire was spread over.

Answer:

1. Asia
2. Europe

Question 12.
What were the administrative reforms introduces by Genkhis khan that set an example to the modern world? Prepare a short note based on its characteristics.
Answer;
The chief characteristic feature of the Mongol army was its strong cavalry. Genhis Khan arranged his army in the multiples often (10,100,1000,10000). The main attraction of the army was the small canons which could be used while sitting on horseback. Genghis Khan also maintained a well-organized espionage.

To connect the distant places of the empire with the administrative center, the Mongolians introduced postal system using horses. This communication system was known as the ‘courier’. The courier system of Genghis Khan was speedy and effective.

Question 13.
Discuss the economic and cultural development of Medieval Africa on the basis of Mali Empire.
Answer:

1. The Mali Empire was one of the famous empires of medieval Africa. The center of administration was Mali in West Africa.
2. Kankan Musa was a famous ruler of Medieval Africa who has known in European records as Mansa Musa.
3. Timbuktu in the Empire of Mali was the most important cultural and commercial center of medieval Africa. Merchants from Venice, Granada and Genoa reached Timbuktu for marketing their merchandise such as gold and ivory. It was also a centre of slave trade. The University of Timbuktu was one of the leading centers of knowledge of that period. The university attracted students from all parts of the world. The ‘Great Mosque’ constructed by Kankan Musa at Timbuktu was the leading centre of Islamic studies during the medieval period.

Question 14.
Compare the forms of power that existed in Medieval China and Japan.
Answer;
China and Japan were the countries in Asia where efficient administrative system existed during the medieval period. In the initial stage of the Medieval period, China was ruled by the Tang Dynasty. The sovereignty of the country was vested in the emperor. State officials were selected after conducting competitive examinations based on the criteria of education and excellence. The Tang rulers were tolerant towards all regions and were great promoters of trade and commerce. After the Tang Dynasty, China was ruled by the Song, Ming and Manchu dynasties.

In Medieval Japan also, the emperor was the supreme head in political affairs. But the administration was overhauled by the feudal lords known as Shoguns. Land was under their control. It was under the Shoguns that Tokyo emerged as the center of power.

Question 15.
What are the causes that lead to the decline of Feudalism?
Answer:

• Decline in agricultural production due to climate change
• Outbreak of famine in many parts of Europe
• The continuous occurrence of plague, known as ‘Black Death’ wiped off nearly half of the population of Europe.
• The crusades shattered many of the feudal lords.
• The monopoly of gun powder enabled the kings to suppress feudal lords.
• The new middle class that emerged as a result of the growth of trade also helped the rulers to subdue the feudal lords.
• The outbreak of many peasant revolts and wars in different parts of Europe weakened the lords and strengthened the authority of the kings.

Let Us Assess

Question 17.
Understand the relationship between the items in ‘A’ and complete ‘B’ accordingly.
1. Byantine Empire – Justinian
B ………… – Charlemagne
2. A. Timbuktu – Mali Empire
B. Baghdad – ……………
3. A.Tang Dynasty – China
B. Shoguns – ……………..
4. A. Hijra – 622CE
B. Invasion of Constantinople – ………………. by Turkey
Answer;

1. Holy Roman empire
2. The Arab empire
3. Japan
4. C.E. 1453

Question 18.

Answer:

Question 19.
What are the peculiarities of the code of Justinian?
Answer:
1. Justinian codified all the Roman laws into a code of law, known as ‘Corpus Juris Civilis’.
2. The code is based on principles of reasoning justice and generosity.
3. The code is divided into three, namely

• Code
• Digest
• Institutes

Question 20.
What are the major causes for the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire?
Answer:
The fall of the Eastern Roman Empire began after Justinian. It collapsed with the capture of Constantinople by the Turks in the 15th century.

Question 21.
‘Harun -al-Rashid was the most famous among the Abbasid Caliphs’. Examine the relevance of this statement.
Answer:
Harun-al-Rashid was the most famous ruler of the Albbasid dynasty. He implemented many welfare measures. Hospitals were established in Arabia for the first time. Judicial administration was based on the principles of Islam and the rule of law was strictly observed. The people were free to travel anywhere in the empire without fear. Established contacts with the Holy Empire.

Question 22.
What were the major characteristics of the Mongolian army?
Answer:
The chief characteristic feature of the Mongolian army was its strong cavalry. Genhis Khan arranged his army in the multiples often (10,100, 1000,10000).
The main attraction of the army was the small canons which could be used while sitting on horseback. Genghis Khan also maintained a well-organized espionage.

Question 23
What was the name of the postal system introduced by Genghis Khan? What were its characteristics?
Answer:
Courier
To connect the distant places of the empire with the administrative center, the Mongolians introduced postal system using horses. This communication system was known as the ‘courier’. The courier system of Genghis Khan was speedy and effective.

Question 24.
List the characteristics of the medieval towns such as Constantinople, Baghdad, and Timbuktu.
Answer;
1. Constantinople is located at the most strategic place in the Gulf of Bosphorus, between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black sea. This city was named after the Roman Emperor, Constantine. It remained as the capital city even during the reign of the OttomanTurks. It was a great center of art and architecture. At present Constantinople is known by the name Istambul.
2. Baghdad is located on the banks of the River Tigris. This city is the background of the book Thousand and One Nights’. In the Thousand and One Nights, the city is depicted as the biggest and richest city in the world. It was here that the world-famous University of Baghdad and the palace of the Abbasids are situated. Baghdad was conquered by the Mongolian rulerTimurandthe Ottoman ruler, Suleiman. During the Mongolian invasion, it is said that there were 36 public libraries in Baghdad city. It was also a cultural center of that period.
3. Timbuktu in the Empire of Mali was the most important cultural and commercial center of medieval Africa. Merchants from Venice, Granada, and Genoa reached Timbuktu for marketing their merchandise such as gold and ivory. It was also a center of slave trade. The University of Timbuktu was one of the leading centers of knowledge of that period. The university attracted students from all parts of the world. The ‘Great Mosque’ constructed by Kankan Musa at Timbuktu was the leading center of Islamic studies during the medieval period.

Question 25.
Analyze the circumstances that led to the disintegration of feudalism.
Answer:
Decline in agricultural production due to climate change

• Outbreak of famine in many parts of Europe
• The continuous occurrence of plague, known as ‘Black Death’wiped off nearly half of the population of Europe.
• The crusades shattered many of the feudal lords.
• The monopoly of gun powder enabled the kings to suppress feudal lords.
• The new middle class that emerged as a result of the growth of trade also helped the rulers to subdue the feudal lords.
• The outbreak of many peasant revolts and wars in different parts of Europe weakened the lords and strengthened the authority of the kings.

Question 26.
Identify the location of Constantinople, Baghdad, Mecca, Medina, Damascus, Karakorum, Mali, Timbuktu and Tokyo on the world map. Prepare the list of the countries in which these cities are located now.

Answer:
Constantinople – Turkey,
Baghdad-lraq,
Mecca- Saudi Arabia,
Medina-Saudi Arabia,
Damascus – Syria,
Karakoram – Siberia,
Mali – West Africa,
Timbuktu-Mali,
Tokyo-Japan.

Medieval World: Centres of Power Model Questions and Answers

Question 27.
Eastern Roman Empire was called the Byzantine Empire. Give reason.
Answer:
Constantinople was earlier known as Byzantine. When the Eastern Roman Empire came into being, Constantinople was its capital. That is why eastern Roman empire was called the Byzantine empire.

Question 28.
Suleiman was called Al-Qanuni (the lawgiver). Why?
Answer:
Suleiman codified the Ottoman laws. Hence he was called Al-Qanuni.

Question 29.
Give reason for the downfall of the Eastern Roman empire.
Answer:
The Turkish leader Muhammed II captured Constantinople in 1453 CE. By then many territories of Eastern Roman Empire became a part of the Ot¬toman empire

Question 30.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 31.
What was the ‘Mcci Dominicci’?
Answer:
Charlemagne, the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, introduced centralized administration in his empire. Local administration was entrusted to officers known as Counts. To keep an effective check upon the activities of the Counts, he created a secret department named ‘Mcci Dominicci’

Question 32.
Who were the Franks? Which was the empire founded by the Franks?
Answer:
The Western Roman Empire with its capital at Rome came to an end due to the continuous invasions of the Germanic tribes. The most prominent among them was the Franks. The empire established by the Franks was the Frankish empire.

Question 33.
What do you mean by Carolingian Renaissance?
Answer:
Carolingian established a network of educational institutions. This resultant intellectual awakening was called Carolingian Renaissance.

Question 34.
How did Ottoman empire receive its name?
Answer:
Ottoman empire was founded towards the last part of the 13^th century by one of the tribal leaders of Turkey, Usman. He was called ‘Uthaman’ and it was form this that the name Ottoman was derived.

Question 34.
Mongolian empire was founded by
Answer:
Genghis Khan

Question 36.
Arrange the following events which is related to the Arab Empire chronologically.
a) Umayyad rule
b) The period of the prophet Muhammad
c) Abbasid rule
d) Rule of the Caliphs.
Answer:
a) The period of the prophet Muhammad
b) Rule of the Caliphs,
c) Umayyad rule
d) Abbasid rule

Question 37.
The coins Dinar and Dirham existed in the Arab Empire.
a) Who issued these coins?
b) What was the difference between these coins?
Answer:
a) The coins were issued by the Umayyads.
b) Dinar was gold coin, whereas.
Dirham was silver coin

Question 38.
Who was the successor, Genghis Khan? What were his contributions?
Answer:
Timur. He was called Tamerane. In 1398 he crossed the river Indus and reached Delhi. On his way back, he took with him a great treasure.

Question 39.
Who is known as Mansa Musa?
Answer:
Kankan Musa

Question 40.
Under whose rule was Tokyo emerged as the center of power?
a) During the rule of the Shoguns
b) During the rule of the Manchus.
c) During the rule of the Song dynasty.
d) During the rule of the Ming dynasty
Answer:
d) During the rule of the Shoguns

Question 41.
Which of the following groups is related to the North American Civilization?
a) Mississippi, Mayan, Caribbean
b) Inca, Aztec, Mogollon
c) Mississippi, Patayan, Caribbean
d) Caribbean, Mogollon, Toltec.
Answer:
c) Mississippi, Patayan, Caribbean

Question 42.
Define feudalism.
Answer:
The socio-political-economic system existed in medieval Europe based on land was known as Feudalism.

Question 43.
What is ‘Back Death’?
Answer:
Continuous occurrence of plague is known as ‘Black Death’.

Question 44.
What led to the emergence of nation-states?
Answer:
The outbreak of many peasant revolts and wars in different parts of Europe weakened the lords and strengthened the authority of the kings. This led to the emergence of nation-states.

Question 45.
Prepare a note on the ‘Crusades.
Answer:
The Crusades were the wars fought between Western Europe and the Turks from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. These wars were fought for appropriating Jerusalem, which is considered as the Holy City of the jews, the Christians and the Muslims. Crusades were considered as one of the major factors for the spread of eastern culture in Europe.

Question 46.
Identify to which empire the following names are related?
i) Courier
ii) Timbuktu
iii) Al-Qununi
iv) Cavalry
Answer:
i) Mongolian
ii) Mali Empire
iii) Ottoman empire
iv) Mongolian Empire

Question 47.
Complete the following table

Answer:

1. Justinian
2. Charlemagne
3. Harun-al-Rashid
4. Suleiman
5. Genghis khan
6. Kankan Musa

You can Download Struggle and Freedom Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 6 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 6 Struggle and Freedom Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 6 Notes

Struggle And Freedom Class 10 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
How did Gandhiji become the leader of Indian society?
Answer:
Gandhiji was aware of the miseries Indians had with the British while he was in South Africa. Sathyagraha was his principle. He demanded the people to withdraw from wars. He informed the people that sathyagraha stays in “Ahimsa and Truth”.

The methods of agitation made changes in the people. The movements which was concentrated in towns were expanded to villages. His ideologies were attracted by many people and the common people too joined his principle. Thus Gandhiji become a savior to all.

Struggle And Freedom Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Examine the early Struggles led by Gandhiji and discuss his method of protest.
Answer:
Gandhiji started his social activities in India with the Champaran satyagraha in 1917. Champaran struggle, Ahemadabad cotton mill strike and the peasant struggle in Kheda were the struggles of his involvement. Champaran satyagraha was based on Indigo farmers protest in Bihar.

Kheda protest was withdrawn when the authorities reduced the tax rates. Gandhiji adopted the method of peace for all these three struggles. In the Non-cooperation movements, Gandhiji adopted the method of boycott. The British goods were boycotted.

Rowlatt Act of the British Intensified the Freedom Struggle in India Substantiate Question 3.
How did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.influence Indian National Movement? Discuss.
Answer:
Jallianwala Bagh massacre had a vital role in Indian National Movement.The massacre intensified the protests at the national level. Those who believed in British too turned against them. The executive council under the membership of Sir. C. Sankaran Nair resigned.

Sslc History Chapter 6 Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Explain the circumstances that led Gandhiji to support the Khilafat Movement.
Answer:
Gandhiji believed that the Hindu-Muslim unity could be restored through Khilafat Movement. The people joined in the struggle of independence through Khilafat Movement as a part of National Movement the active participation of Muslims in the freedom struggle could be ensured.

Struggle And Freedom Class 10 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
How far the demands of Ghandhiji are appropriate to attain the freedom of India ?
Answer:

• Satyagraha was his policy.
• Ahimsa was the principle he adopted against enemies.
• Foreign textiles were put down and Indian goods were promoted.
• He violated salt law as a part of civil disobedience movement.

Sslc History Chapter 6 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
The Salt Sathyagraha played a major role in making national movement a mass movement. Substantiate.
Answer:
The Salt March also known as the Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India initiated by Mohandas K Gandhi to produce salt from sea water.

This was the practice of the local people until British officials introduced taxation on salt production, deemed their sea salt reclamation activities illegal, and then repeatedly used force to stop it.

The 24-day march began on 12 March 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly, and it gained worldwide attention which gave impetus to the Indian Independence Movement and started the nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement.

Freedom Movement 10th Class Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
‘The Quit India movement was a turning point in India’s freedom struggle’. Discuss.
Answer:
This was the call of Gandhiji in the conference of the National Congress held in Bombay in 1942. The Quit India Movement was the last popular protest organised by the Indian National Congress under leadership of Ghandhiji. Quit India was yet another popular movement like the Civil Disobedience Movement.

It was a mass movement based on the ideology of non-violence (Ahimsa) meant to force the British to leave the country offering complete freedom to Indians. The Quit India Movement was a clear indication of the peoples determination to grab freedom for their country.

Freedom Movement Class 10 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Conduct a quiz competition on ‘Gandhiji and the freedom struggle of India’.
Answer:

• Year in Which Gandhiji reached india -1915.
• First revolt of Gandhiji – Champaran.
• Year of Champaran Struggle -1947.
• Gandhiji s struggle in 1918 – Ahmedabad Textile mill strike.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Conduct a seminar on the organisations which were formed as an alternative to Gandhian way of struggle for the freedom of India.
Answer:
Anusheelan Samithi – Bareender Kumar Ghose:
The brother of Aravinda Ghosh formed Anusheelan Samithi in Bengal in 1902. To stop British rule through violence was the goal.

Abhinava Bharat:
The secret agency formed by Savarkar in 1904. They helped Indians from foreign countries.

Yuganthar Party:
Formed as a result of the news paper ‘ Yugaathar’ published by Bhupendra Dutta and his friends. Hemachandra Das was the leader.

Gaddar Party of rebellion:
Formed in 1913. Mostly Hindus and Muslims Lala Harddayal gave leadership. The meaning of word Gaddar is rebellion. The main aim was to free India from Britain.

Hindustan Republic Association:
Socialist activist Sughdev, Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad formed in 1928.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 10.
Discuss the role of laborers and farmers in the struggle for Indian independence.
Answer:
The unity and protest of farmers and laborious strengthened Indian National Movement. The workers and farmers who was against the feudal system of British protested in various freedom struggles.

The most important one was the struggle of cotton workers in 1884 in Mumbai to reduce the working hours Bombay mill Association was for med in 1890. Revolutionary methods were adopted by the workers for their needs.

Peasant revolt:
In India were against landlords and money lenders. Tax policies were the reason. Peasant got united against British exploitation. The Mappila Rebellion Indigo Revolt, Peasant Revolt in Madhurai are perfect examples.

Struggle and Freedom Let Us Assess

Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus  Question 1.
What are the regional agitations in which Gandhiji participated after his arrival in India?
Answer:
There are some regional struggles in which Gandhiji was involved after returning to India from South Africa. They are the struggle of indigo farmers in Champaran, Ahmedabad cotton mill strike, Peasant struggle in Kheda.

Social 10th Class Notes State Syllabus Question 2.
What are the strategies of strike used in the peasant struggle in Kheda?
Answer:
Due to drought and crop failure farmers in Kheda were living in utter misery. The rulers decided to collect tax from these poor villagers starting sathyagraha Gandhiji protested against the decision.

He advised people not to pay tax. Consequently, the authorities were forced to reduce tax rates. His early struggles based on Satyagraha and Ahimsa made Gandhiji a popular leader.

Question 3.
Analyse the outcomes of Gandhiji’s earlier struggles.
Answer:
There are some regional struggles in which Gandhiji was involved after returning to India from South-Africa. They are

• The struggle of Indigo farmers in Champaran.
• Ahmedabad cotton mill strike
• Peasant struggle in Kheda.
• Due to these regional struggles some results took place.
• The struggles he took up popularized his ideologies and method of protest.
• Till his entiy into the political scenario,national movement was confined to the educated section of the society.
• His methods of protest attracted the laymen to the movement.
• The city eccentric national movement spread to rural areas.
• Gandhiji became a national leader acceptable to all strata of the society.

Question 4.
Name the law made by the British in the pretest of preventing extremist activities.
Answer:
In the pretext of preventing extremist activities, the British parliament passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919 limiting the civil rights. The committee which recommended this Act was led by Sir Sydney Rowlatt. Hence the Act was known as Rowlatt Act. As per this act any person could be arrested and imprisoned without trial.

Question 5.
Write a short note on Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
Answer:
People gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 13 April, 1919 to protest against the arrest of SaifuddinKitchlew and Satyapal who led the anti Rowlatt act agitations in Punjab. The city was under the control of the army.

Accusing that the protesters violated his instructions, the army chief General Dyer ordered to shoot without warning. The innocent aimless people were trapped as the ground was surrounded by buildings and the only entrance was blocked by the armed British soldiers.

As per the British Records, the shooting of ten minutes killed 379 protesters. In fact, the death toll was actually double than this.The massacre at Jallianwala Bagh intensified the protests at the national level. Gandhiji said “if the Battle of Plassey laid the foundation for the British rule, Jallian Wala Bagh shock the foundation.”

Question 6.
List out the outcomes of the Non-cooperation movement under Gandhiji.
Answer:
The first national level struggle by the Indian National Congress under the leaderhsip of Mah atma Gandhi was the Non-cooperation movement. The confidence gained from the Rowlatt protest motivated Gandhiji to declare Non-cooperation against the British.

Various effects of Non-cooperation movement are given below. Farmers in Awadh refused to pay taxes. The tribal groups in Northern Andhra entered the forests and collected the forest products violating the forest laws.

• Farmers in Uttar Pradesh refused to carry the luggage of the colonial officials.
• Workers struck work.
• Lawyers boycotted courts . Students acquitted colleges and schools run by the British
• The public, including women, burnt foreign clothes on the streets.

In addition to his appeal for non-cooperation, Gandhiji motivated the people to participate in constructive programmers. Inspired by this, people began to make indigenous products, Spin Khadu cloth using charka, establish national schools and popularise Hindu.

Question 7.
Which incident forced Gandhiji to withdraw the non-cooperation movement?
Answer:
Gandhiji withdraw theNon-cooperation Movement due to a untoward incident in Chawri Chawra village in Uttar Pradesh. In response to the police firing at a mob, the villagers set ablaze the police station and 22 policemen died.

This incident disappointed Gandhiji and he released that people could not fully understand the essence of the principle of Ahimsa. So he called for stopping the Non-cooperation Movement.

Question 8.
Which session of the congress declared Poorna Swaraj as the ultimate aim of Indians freedom struggle?
Answer:
The Lahore session of the Indian National Congress held in 1929 under the charimanship of Jawaharlal Nehru declared the ultimate aim of Indian freedom struggle was Pooma Swaraj.

Question 9.
Prepare a seminar paper on the significance of the civil disobedience movement in the freedom struggle. .
Answer:

• The Labour session of the Indian National Congress held in 1929 under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru was a turning point in the history of freedom movement in India.
• The session declared that the ultimate aim of Indian freedom struggle was to attain complete.
  freedom (Pooma Swaraj) for the country.
• Civil Disobedience Movement started under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
  With the Civil Disobedience Movement’.
• Gandhiji meant to disobey all anti-popular and antidemocratic civil laws made by the British Government.

As a part of this Gandhiji’s proposed the following.

• To lift salt tax.
• To declare 50% tax relaxation for farmers.
• To increase the tax on imported foreign clothes.
• To release political prisoners.
• To cut short military budget and high salary of top officials.
• To dissolve the secret surveillance wing formed to watch Indians.
• To start coastal shipping service.
• To implement prohibition of liquor.

Gandhiji gave top priority to reducing salt tax. There are various reasons why Gandhiji selected salt as a powerful weapon against the British.

• Salt tax constituted two fifth portion of the income collected by the British through taxes.
• This tax was a heavy burden for the poor people.
• The British government burned small scale indigenous salt production.
• There was three fold hike on salt price.
• The demand for lifting salt tax was a slogan suitable to inspire all segments of the society.

Question 10.
Prepare a note on the Quit India Movement.
Answer:
The Quit India Movement was the last popular protest organized by the Indian National Congress under the leadership of Gandhiji. Quit India was yet another popular movement like civil disobedience movement.

It was a mass movement based on the ideology of non-violence (Ahimsa) meant to force the British to leave the country offering complete freedom to Indians. Various factors that caused Quit India movement are

• Reluctance of the British to implement constitutional reforms in India.
• Public disgust with price hike and famine
• The assumption that the British would be defeated in the second world war.
• As a part of this movement, Gandhiji called for the following.
• Princely states shall recognize the sovereignty of their people.
• Farmers shall not pay land tax.
• Government officials shall disclose their loyalty to Indian National Congress without resigning their positions.
• Without quitting their position in the army, soldiers shall disobey orders to shoot and kill Indians.
• If possible, students shall boycott education till attaining freedom.

Struggle and Freedom Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare a short note on the life of Gandhiji in South Africa.
Answer:
Gandhi was 24 when he arrived in South Africa in 1893 to work as a legal representative for the Muslim Indian Traders based in the city of Pretoria. He spent 21 years in South Africa, where he developed his political views, ethics and political leadership skills.In South Africa, Gandhi faced the discrimination directed at all colored people.

He was thrown off a train at Pietermaritzburg after refusing to move from the first class. He protested and was allowed on first class the next day. Travelling farther on by stagecoach, he was beaten by a driver for refusing to move to make room for a European passenger.

He suffered other hardships on the journey as well, including being barred from several hotels. The magistrate of a Durban court ordered Gandhi to remove his turban, which he refused to do.

The government successfully repressed the protesters, but the public outcry over the harsh treatment of peaceful Indian protesters by the South African government forced South African leader Jan Christiaan Smuts to negotiate a compromise with Gandhi, Gandhi’s ideas took shape, and the concept of Satyagraha matured during this struggle.

Struggle and Freedom Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
List down the reasons that helped Gandhiji to gain the trust and recognition of the common people.
His priests in south Africa made him famous.
Answer:

• Gandhiji became familiar to the Indians after his involvement in addressing the problems of the Indian expatriates in South Africa.
• His protests in South Africa made him famous.
• Gandhiji was very popular because he lived among the common people and his food and clothing was similar to that of the common man in India and he spoke in their language.
• Common people found in Mahatma Gandhi a savior who could solve their problems.

Question 2.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a. Farmers in Champaran,
b. 1917,
c. Gujarat,
d. 1918,
e. Peasant struggle in Kheda,
f. Gujarat.

Question 3.
List down the result of the Early struggle of Gandhiji in India.
The struggle he took up porpoised his ideologies and method of protest.
Answer:

• Till his entry into the political scenario, national movement was confined to the educated section of the society.
• His methods of protest attracted the laymen to the movement.
• The city centric national movement spread to rural areas.
• Gandhiji became a national leader acceptable to all strata of the society.

Question 4.
Complete the word web given below.

Answer:

• Students Shall boycott English schools.
• Lawyers Shall boycott Courts.
• The Public Shall boycott foreign products.
• Denial of tax.
• Returning the British awards and prizes.
• Boycott elections.

Question 5.
List down the examples of how the Indian Society responded to Gandhiji’s appeal for Non-cooperation.
Farmers in Awadh referred to pay taxes.
Answer:

• The Tribal groups in northern Andhra entered the forests and collected the forest produces violating the forest laws.
• Farmers in Uttar Pradesh refused to carry the luggage of the colonial officials.
• Workers struck work.
• Lawyers boycotted courts.
• Students quitted colleges and schools run by the British.
• The public including women, burnt foreign clothes on the streets.

Question 6.
Write down some examples for Gandhiji’s constructive programmes.
People made indigenous products.
Answer:

• Spin khadi cloth using Charka.
• Establish National Schools.
• Popularized Hindi.
• Inspired people to participate actively in eradicating accountability.

7. Complete the Diagram.

Answer:

• To declare 50% tax relaxation for farmers.
• To increase the tax on imported foreign clothes.
• To release political prisoners.
• To cut short military budget and high salary of top officials.
• To dissolve the secret surveillance wing formed to watch Indians.
• To start coastal shipping service.
• To implement prohibition of liquor.

Question 8.
List down the reasons why Gandhiji selected salt as a powerful weapon against the British.
The tax was a heavy burden for the poor people.
Answer:

• Salt tax constituted two fifth of the income collected by the British through taxes.
• This tax was a heavy burden for the poor people.
• The British government banned small scale indigenous salt production.
• There was three fold hike on salt price.
• The demand for lifting salt tax was a slogan.
• Suitable to inspire all segments of the society.

Question 9.
Complete the following time line.

Answer:
A. 1919.
B. Lahore session of Indian National.
C. 1942.

Question 10.
Find out the factors that caused the Quit India Movement.
Public disgust with price hike and famine.
Answer:

• Reluctance of the British to implement constitutional reforms in India.
• Public disgust with price hike and famine.
• The assumption that the British would be defeated in the second world war.

Question 11.
Complete the following Diagram.

Answer:

• If possible, students shall boycott education till attaining freedom.
• Government officials shall disclose their loyalty to Indian National Congress without resigning their positions.
• Without quitting their positions in the army, soldiers shall disobey orders to shoot and kill Indians.
• Princely states shall recognize the sovereignity of their people.

12. Complete the table.

Answer:
a. Abhinar Bharat Society.
b. Bareender Kumar Ghose, Pulin Bihari Das.
c. Ghadar party.
d. Suryasen.

Question 13.
Complete the following table.

Answer:
a. Swaraj Party.
b CR Das and Mothilal Nehru.
c. Bhagat Singh Chandra Sekhar Azad, Guru and Sukh Dev.
d. 1928.
e. Congress Socialist Party.
f. 1934.

Question 14.
List down the main objectives of the All Indian Trade Union Congress.
To participate actively in the Indian freedom struggle.
Answer:

• To Participate actively in the Indian freedom struggle.
• To facilitate Indian working class to cooper ate with the working class outside India.
• To organise and act as a working class.

Question 15.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a. Bengal.
b. Telengana Struggle.
c. Bombay.

Question 16.
Complete the following word web.

Answer:

• To divide Punjab and Bengal.
• To form a separate country in Muslim majority area as per the Muslim wish.
• To appoint a commission to determine the borders in Punjab and Bengal.
• To conduct a referendum to determine whether to add North West frontier province to Pakistan or not.

Struggle and Freedom Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
Which Act resulted in the Jalianwala Bagh Messacre?
Answer:
Anti-Rowlatt Act.

Question 2.
Which incident forced Gandhiji to Stop the Non-cooperation movement.
Answer:
Chauri chaura Incident.

Question 3.
Analyse the significance of non-cooperation movement in the Indian National Movement.
Answer:
The First national level struggle by the Indian National Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi was the non-cooperation movement.The confidence gained from the anti-Rowlatt j protest motivated Gandhiji to declare non-cooperation against the British. Some of the examples of how the Indian society responded to Gandhiji’s appeal for non-cooperation.

• Farmers in Awadh refused to pay taxes.
• The tribal groups in northern Andhra entered the forests and collected the forest produces violating the forest laws.
• Farmers in Uttar Pradesh refused to carry the luggage of the colonial officials.
• Workers struck work.
• Lawyers boycotted courts.
• Students quieted colleges and schools run by the British.
• The public, including women, burnt foreign clothes on the streets.

In addition to his appeal for non-cooperation, Gandhiji motivated the people to participate in constructive programmes. Inspired by this, people began to make indigenous products, spin khadi cloth using charka, establish national schools and popularity Hindi.

Students who boycotted English education were attracted to national educational institutions. Along with these activities, Gandhiji inspired people to participate actively in eradicating accountability.

Question 4.
Evaluate the decisions of the Lahore session.
Answer:
The Lahore session of the Indian National Congress held in 1929 under the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru was a turning point in the history of freedom movement in India.

• The session declared that the ultimate aim of Indian freedom struggle was to attain freedom (Pooma Swaraj) for the country.
• It also resolved to start the civil disobedience movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.

Question 5.
Analyse the role played by Mahatma Gandhi in the Indian National Movement.
Answer:
Gandhiji entered Indian national movement with his rich experience and knowledge of regional struggle in various parts of the country. His protest against the Rowlatt Actencated by the British paved the way for it.

In the pretext of preventing extremist activities, the British Parliament passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919 limiting the civil rights. The committee which recommended this Act was led by Sir Sydney Rowlatt. Hence, the act was known as Rowlatt Act. As per this act any person could brarrested and imprisoned without trial.

When the protests against this Act failed. Gandhiji suggested starting Sathygraha Vigorously reacting to his proposal, people in various part of the country went to the streets anosiarteo demonstration and strikes. But the government resorted to oppressive measures towards the public protest.

The worst example of the British approach to public protest was the massacre at Jallianwala Bagh in 1919. The masscare at Jalianwala Bagh intensified the protests at the natio nal level. Gandhiji said: If the battle of Plassey laid the foundation for the British rule, Jallianwala Bagh shook the foundation.

Question 6.
Complete the following table.

Answer:
1-d,
2-c,
3 -a,
4-b.

Question 7.
Evaluate the contributions of the organisations and leaders to the Indian National Move ment who differed from Gandhian Methods and ideologies.
Answer:
Many such movements and persons who had difference of opinion towards the Gandhian approach to the struggle for independence also played crucial roles in attaining freedom for our country. Their objective was also nothing but India’s freedom from colonial cinches.

C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru, who opposed Gandhian idea of boycott movement, formed the Swaraj Party in 1923. They argued for making legislative assemblies as platforms for raising our voices instead of boycotting them and they contested elections.

Gradually, the opposition to Gandhian method of struggle intensified. Revolutionaries from Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar gathered in Delhi and Formed the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association in 1928.

Question 8.
Explain the demands of the kissan manifesto.
Answer:

• Reduce 50% of land tax and lease charge.
• Write off debts.
• Cancel feudal taxes.
• Ensure minimum wage for agricultural workers.
• Recognize peasant unions.

Question 9.
Analyse the role played by Subash Chandra Bose in the Indian Freedom struggle.
Answer:
At various stages of the national movement Subash Chandra Bose expressed his difference of opinion on Gandhian ideas of struggle. Quitting the congress he formed a political party called forward bloc.

He took the charge of the Indian National Army (INA) formed by Rash Bihari Bose to attain freedom for India. He formed a provisional government for free India in Singapore, with the aim of forcing British to quit India.

The Indian National Army had a women wing called the Jhansi Regiment. Captain Lekshmi, a keralite was in charge of this regiment with the support of the Japanese army the Indian National Army marched to the east west border of India and hoisted Indian flag in Impala.

Question 10.
Evaluate the significance of salt satyagraha.
Answer:
Gandhi gave top priority to reducing salt tax due to a variety of reasons. The reasons why Gandhiji selected salt on a powerful weapon against the British are

• Salt tax constituted two fifth portion of the income collected by the British through taxes.
• This tax was a heavy burden for the poor people.
• The British government banned small scale indigenous salt production.
• There was three fold hike on salt price.
• The demand for lifting salt tax was a slogan suitable to inspire all segments of the society.

Inspired by the call of Gandhiji people in various parts of the country started to produce salt on their own, violating the British regulations.

Question 11.
Arrange the following incidents chronologically.
1. Jallianwala Bhagh Massacre.
2. Lahore Session.
3. Chouri-Choura Incident.
4. Champaran Satyagraha.
Answer:

1. Champaran Satyagraha – 1917.
2. Jalianwala Bagh Massacre – 1919.
3. Chouri-Chaura Incident – 1922.
4. Lahore Session – 1929.

Struggle and Freedom SCERT Questions And Answers

Question 1.
Which were the early struggles in India in which Gandhiji was involved? What change did happen in the national movement through these struggles?
Answer:

• Champaran struggle, 1917
• Ahmedabad Cotton Mill strike, 1918
• Peasant struggle in Kheda, 1918
• Gandhian methods of struggle and ideologies became popular.
• The ideology of national movement spread to the villages.
• Common people were attracted to the national movement.
• Gandhiji became acceptable to all as a national leader.

Question 2.
People’s protest against the act which violated civil rights resulted in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Which was that Act?
Answer:
Rowlatt Act – 1919

Question 3.
How did Gandhiji respond to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
Answer:
“If the Battle of Plassey laid the foundation for the British rule, the Jallianwala Bagh shook the foundation.”

Question 4.
How did people respond to Gandhiji’s appeal for non-cooperation?
Answer:

• Farmers in Awadh refused to pay taxes.
• The tribal groups in northern Andhra violated the forest laws.
• Workers started strike.
• Women burnt foreign clothes on the streets.
• Lawyers boycotted the courts.

Question 5.
Along with Non-cooperation, constructive programmes were also given importance. Elucidate.
Answer:

• People began to make indigenous products.
• Spun Khadi cloth.
• Started national schools.
• Popularized Hindi instead of English.

Question 6.
Why did Gandhiji travel across India with the Khilafat leaders and propagate his ideologies?
Answer:

• To spread anti.
• British feeling to the nook and comer of India.
• To intensify Hindu.
• Muslim unity.

Question 7.
Why did Gandhiji stop non -cooperation mov. ement after the Chauri-Chaura incident
Answer:
The people of Chauri-Chaura village in Uttar Pra desh set ablaze the police station. This is known as the Chouri-Choura incident. This incident disappointed Gandhiji as people turned to violence and he withdrew the Non-cooperation movement.

Question 8.
Which session of the Congress declared that Poorna Swaraj is the ultimate aim of Indian freedom struggle? Who was the chairman of this session?
Answer:
The Lahore session of 1929, Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 9.
Complete the diagram.

Answer:

• To implement total prohibition of liquor.
• To lift tax on salt.
• To declare 50% tax relaxation for farmers.
• To release political prisoners.
• To increase tax on imported foreign clothes.
• To cut short military budget and high salary of the military officials.

Question 10.
Why did Gandhiji select salt as a powerful weapon as part of the Civil Disobedience movement?
Answer:

• Salt constituted two fifth of the income Collected by the British through taxes.
• Three fold hike on salt price.
• The tax was heavy burden for the po r people.
• The British government banned small scale indigenous salt production.
• Being an issue common to all Gandhiji selected salt as a powerful weapon.

Question 11.
What did Gandhiji achieve through Salt Satyagraha?
Answer:

• Secured massive support of the people.
• Proved that any trivial issue can be snowballed into a popular strategy.
• Sensitized the public in very sim pie way to the exploitation of the British.

Question 12.
Which struggle was organised in India against the British for constitutional reforms? As part of this, what direction did Gandhiji give to the people?
Answer:

• Quit India Movement, 1942,
• Farmers shall not pay land tax.
• Princely state shall recognize the sovereignty of the people.
• The soldiers shall disobey the order to shoot the Indians.
• Government officials shall disclose their loyalty to Indian National Congress without quitting their positions.
• If possible, students shall boycott education till attaining freedom.

Question 13.
Many organisations and people who differed from Gandhian methods and ideologies had played a significant role in India’s National struggle. Write any three such organisations and explain their activities.
Answer:
Swaraj party, Motilal Nehru, C R Dascon tested to the legislative assemblies and made legi slative assemblies platforms for raising the voice.

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association Bhagat Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad, Raj Guru and Sukh Dev were at the helm of this organisation. They planned to overthrew the colonial government through military action and establish a federal republic of Indian states. To show protest against the attempt to pass laws curtailing civil rights, threw bombs at the central legislative assembly.

Forward Bloc was formed by Subhash Chandra Bose. He took the leadership of I N A formed by Rash Bihari Bose. He formed a provincial government of India in Singapore with an aim of forcing the British to quit India. With the Support of the Japanese army, the Indian National Army marched to the north eastern border of India and hoisted the Indian flag in Imphal.

Question 14.
Which were the labour and peasant organisations formed after the Russian Revolution? What were their major objectives?
Answer:

• Ahmedabad Textile Association Madras Lab our Union.
• All India Trade Union Congress.
• To organise and act as a working class.
• To facilitate Indian working class to cooperate with the working class outside India.
• To participate actively in the Indian freedom struggle.

Question 15.
Who prepared the Farmer’s Manifesto? Write any three demands included in it.
Answer:
All India Kisan Samithi conference held in Bombay prepared the Farmer’s Manifesto.

• Reduce 50%of land tax and lease charge.
• Write off debts.
• Cancel feudal taxes.
• Ensure minimum wage for agricultural workers.
• Recognize peasant unions.

Question 16.
Which plan proposed that Punjab and Bengal should be portioned? Write other two recommendations of this plan.
Answer:

• Mount Batten Plan.
• To form a separate country in Muslim majority area as per their wish.
• To appoint a commission to determine the borders in Punjab and Bengal.

Question 17.
Which were the three major struggles organised under the leadership of Gandhiji during the freedom struggle of India? Explain each of them.
Answer:

• Refusal to pay taxes.
• Boycott of foreign clothes.
• Returning the British awards and prizes.
• Boycott elections.
• Lawyers shall boycott courts.

Result:

• Boycotted foreign clothes.
• Started spinning Khadi clothes.
• Started national school.
• Popularized Hindi.

Salt Satyagraha:

• To lift tax on salt.
• Declare 50% tax relaxation for farmers.
• Release political prisoners .
• Start coastal shipping service.
• Implement total prohibition of liquor.

Result:
Strong protest arose in different parts of India against the salt tax.

Quit India Movement:

• Farmers shall not pay land tax.
• Princely states shall recognize the sovereignty of the people.
• The soldiers shall disobey the order to shoot the Indians.
• Government officials shall disclose their loyalty to Indian National Congress without quitting their positions.
• If possible students shall boycott education till attaining freedom.

Question 18.
What is the significance of the Kheda movement?
Answer:
The struggle was against the British decision to collect tax from the people who were in misery due to drought and famine. As a result of this Government agreed to reduce tax.

Question 19.
Which were the national schools started during the Non co-operation Movement.
Answer:

• Kashi Vidya Pith.
• Gujarat Vidya Pith.
• JamiaMillia.

Question 20.
What did Gandhiji aim by Civil disobedience?
Answer:
With the civil disobedience movement, Gandhiji meant to disobey all anti democratic civil laws made by the British government.

Question 21.
Who gave leadership to Dharasana struggle?
Answer:
Sarojini Naidu.

22. Who were the leaders of the Congress Socialist party?
Answer:
Jawaharlal Nehru,
Subhash Chandra Bose,
Arana Asaf Ali,
Jay Prakash Narayan.

Question 23.
What were the factors that forced Britain to give independence to India?
Answer:
Britain became economically weak, Freedom straggles were intensified in Asia and Africa, Soviet Union and America were against colonialism.

Struggle and Freedom Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who was the founder of Swaraj Party ?
Answer:
C.R Das and Motilal Nehru

Question 2.
Write the full form of AITUC?
Answer:
All India Trade Union Congress.

Question 3.
Who was in charge of Jhansi Regiment of INA?
Answer:
Captain Lakshmi

Question 4.
How is the Non-cooperation Movement different from other freedom movements led by Gandhiji?
Answer:
In all the three regional straggles Gandhiji adopted satyagraha. But the method of boycott was chosen in Non-cooperation Movement. The straggle for independence that was completely confined to the educated section extended to all the section of the people.

But when the police fired at the mob in Chauri Chaura in Uttarpradesh the villagers set fire to the police station and 22 policemen died. Gandhiji was disappointed and declared to suspend the Non-cooperation Movement.

Question 5.
What are the results of Non-cooperation Movement.
Answer:

• Gandhiji become the leader accepted by all.
• People were united free of caste and religion.
• Hindu-Muslim unity.
• Boycott was successful.
• The imported British textiles in 1921 -22 was 30% less than the previous years.
• People gained confidence.
• Indian textile growth strengthened.

Question 6.
How did Non-cooperation movement become the movement for all?
Answer:
Non-cooperation movement in 1921-22. People from all sections played an important role. Students boycotted English education and foreign textiles. Lawyers boycotted counts farmers workers and all sections of people took part in the straggle. Thus it become the movement for all.

Question 7.
Why did Gandhiji support the Khilafat Movement?
Answer:
During the activities of Gandhiji, Maulana Mohammad Ali and Maulana Shoukath Ali intensified the Khilafat Movement. By declaring the Khilafat Movement as a part of the Indian National Movement, Gandhiji ensured active participation of Muslims in the freedom straggle.

He traveled across India with Khilafat leaders and propagated his ideologies. As a result, anti- British feeling spread to every nook and comer of the nation.Hindu Muslim Unity was intensified.

Question 8.
How are the methods of rebellion different from Gandhian methods?
Answer:

• Gandhiji’s principle was Ahimsa.
• Others adopted violence.

Question 9.
Reasons for the movements formed away from Gandhian movements.
Answer:

• Level measures adopted by British.
• Results of rebellions in India.
• Anti-human activities of British
• Present measures adopted were not enough to attain freedom.

Question 10.
How did Rowlatt Act influence the Indian National Movement? Explain.
Answer:
The British Parliament passed the Rowlatt Act in 1919 limiting the civil rights. As per that Act, any person can be imprisoned without trial. Gandhiji suggested starting satyagraha. People in various part of the country went to the street and started demonstrations and strikes.

But the government resorted to oppressive measures to put down the public protest. The worst example of the British approach to public protect was the massacre at Jallian Bagh in 1919. The massacre at Jallianwala Bagh intensified the protest at the national level. This incident shook the foundation of the British rule in India.

Question 11.
Prepare a note on Jallianwallabagh Massacre.
Answer:
The Rowlatt Act become rebellious in most of the parts in India. It was strengthened in Punjab. Dr. Satyapal, Dr. Sai-fudheen Kitchlew led the anti-Rowlett Act agitations in Punjab, and they were arrested. The people gathered in Jallianwallabagh peacefully.

General Dyer who was the chief of police, commanded to fire without warning. Hundreds of people were killed. Five thousand of them were deeply wounded. This National Movement strengthened among people.

Question 12.
List of freedom struggles led by Gandhiji.
Answer:

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The State and Political Science Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2  Chapter 2 In search of the Source of Wind Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 2 Notes

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Did you notice the places marked A and B in the diagram? Which of these places will have a higher atmospheric pressure? Why?

Answer:
The place marked B will have a higher atmospheric pressure, because atmospheric pres-sure decreases with altitude.

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Why do mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders ?
Answer:
When height increases the amount of air decreases in atmosphere. So mountaineers carry oxygen cylinders.

Sslc Geography Chapter 1 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Compare the two pictures. Identify the situations of low and high atmospheric pressure and suitably mark ‘H’ and ‘I? in the pictures.
Answer:
During day time air gets heated. So the density of the air decreases. Then he weight of the air decreases. It causes decrease in pressure

Sslc History Chapter 1 Malayalam Medium Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Compared to the colder regions, the tropical regions experience low atmospheric pres¬sure why?
Answer:
Very high temperature experienced in lower latitude so air starts to rise. That leads to low atmospheric pressure. But in a colder region air is dense so that leads to high atmospheric pressure.

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes English Medium Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Two places at the same elevation are marked as A and B in the figure. Which of these has a low atmospheric pressure? Why?

Answer:
A located in the coastal area, B is located away from the coastal area. Humidity in the atmosphere of the region near coastal area will be more, the the atmospheric pressure will be less here. So A has a low atmospheric pressure

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 6.
Observe the distribution of isobars in the given figure and mark the places experiencing high pressure and low pressure as H and L respectively.
Answer:

10th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Find out the position of the sub tropical high pressure belt from the given figure (Text-book fig 2.5).
Answer:
Situated on 30° latitude of North and’South hemisphere.

Sslc Social Science Chapter Wise Questions Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Find out the location of the sub polar low pressure belt from Fig (Textbook fig 2.5).
Answer:
Situated on 60° latitude of North and South hemisphere.

Question 9.
If the earth did not rotate, would there have been low pressure in the sub polar region ?
Answer:
No, Besides if the earth did not rotate the direction of the winds would be another.

Question 10.
Find out the latitudinal location of the polar high pressure belts.
Answer:
90° North and South

Question 11.
Based on different types of pressure belts and their latitudes
Answer:

Question 12.
Mark the direction of winds in both the diagrams, using arrow marks.
In which of these situations will the speed of the wind be higher? Why?

Answer:
The speed of the wind will be higher in diagram A. In this diagram, isobars are depicted closely in diagram B the distance between isobars is more. So the speed of the wind will be less.

Question 13.
Find out the direction and the name of the trade winds in the Southern Hemisphere from Fig 2.9.
Answer:
Direction: South east
Name : South east trade winds

Question 14.
What could be the reason for the trade winds blowing from south east and north east directions?
Answer:
Trade wind blows from sub-tropical high pressure belts to the equatorial low pressure belts. It is due to the Coriolis effect that the direction of trade winds is from north east in northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere.Otherwise it will be from exact north and south.

Question 15.
Identify and note the direction of the westerlies in both the hemispheres from Fig 2.9.
Answer:
In northern hemisphere direction of westerlies is mostly from the west to north. In southern hemisphere direction of westerlies from west to south.

Question 16.
Prepare a chart describing the planetary winds, the areas where they blown and their features.
Answer:

Question 17.
Find out from the atlas the countries along the southern slope of the Alps.
Answer:
Italty, Slovania

Question 18.
Prepare a report on the distress caused by Ockhi and suggest measures to mitigate the impact of such disasters in future by collecting information from internet and other sources.
Answer:
Based on the climatic region of their formation, cyclones can be classified as tropical cyclones and temperate cyclone. Cyclones often cause extensive damage and destruction wherever they occur. The Ockhi cyloninc winds that struck the coastlines of Kerala and Lakshdweep during November 2017.

This was a tropical cyclone. Tropical cylones are caused due to local pressure differences in the tropical oceans, especially the Indian ocean.Ockhi cyclones left the Indian coasts after wreaking havoc on life and property. While near Kanyakumari in mainland India, Cyclone Ockhi changed course and intensified while heading towards Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea.

Ockhi impacted Lak-shadweep on December 2, uprooting coconut trees and causing extensive damage to houses, power lines and other infrastructure on the islands. Ockhi weakened into a well- marked low near the south coast of Gujarat, India, on December 6, before crossing the coastline and dissipating shortly afterward. In its entirety, Cyclone Ockhi left a trail of massive destruction in Sri Lanka, Lakshadweep, South India, and The Maldives, as it strengthened from a depression to a mature cyclone.

Though it rapidly weakened during its final stages over the Arabian Sea, it caused heavy rainfall along the western coast of India, particularly in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Ockhi caused at least 245 fatalities, including 218 in India and 27 in Sri Lanka, and the storm left at least 550 people missing, mainly fishermen.

Weather forecasting offices has given a warning that Okhi cyclone can travel at a speed of 120 Kilometers. If cyclones like Okhi are reported never ignore such news and take necessary precautions. If the offices give introduction to shift from your houses, obey the orders, fisherman have to be cautious.

Question 19.
Complete the following flow chart showing the classification of winds.

In search of the Source of Wind Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Temperature, altitude and humidity are inversely proportional to atmospheric pressure. Justify?
Answer:
When temperature increases air gets heated and expands. The expanded air is less dense and it ascends. This leads to lowering of pressure. When temperature decreases, air becomes dense and descends.

This will increase atmospheric pressure. So there is an inverse relationship between temperature and pres sure. When altitude increases air becomes rarefied. So it exerts less pressure. But when altitude decreases earth gravity pulls the gas molecules towards the ground.

So air becomes dense and it exert high pressure. Humidity means the amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere. Water vapor is lighter than air. If the amount of water vapor is more in a unit volume of air, then atmospheric pressure will be less because moist air contains less oxygen and nitrogen and exerts less pressure.While dry air exerts high pressure as it contains more oxygen and nitrogen.

Question 2.
Prepare notes on the role of solar energy and the earth’s rotation in the formation of pressure belts.
Answer:
Solar energy and earth’s rotation plays an important role in the formation of pressure belts. Earth rotation and apparent movement of the sun, which causes an inequality in the amount of heat received by different parts of the earth and its atmosphere. At the equator throughout the year the amount of heat received is intense. Heated air being light, rises, creating low pressure area.

While at the poles, sun rays are slanting and air is so heavy and a high pressure area is created. Rotation of the earth also leads to the formation of various pressure belts on the earth. The pole rotates more slowly than the equator, and the air should be pushed away from the poles towards the equator, where it pile to form a high pressure belt and at the poles it should be a low pressure. But this is just reverse near equatorial region, where the air gets heated and rises, creates low pressure. The poles where cold air sinks, is the high pressure area

Question 3.
Describe how the Coriolis Effect causes the deflection of winds on the basis of the direction of the winds mentioned below,
a. Trade winds
b. Westerlies.
Answer:
Due to the rotation of the earth winds curve as they blow. This curving motion of wind is called coriolis effect. According to this any freely moving bodies get deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Winds that blows from sub-tropical high pressure belt to equatorial low pressure belt are called trade winds. In Northern Hemisphere trade wind blows from North East direction due to deflection. So it is called North East trade winds.

In southern Hemisphere trade winds blows from South East direction hence it is called South East trade winds. Westerlies winds blow from the sub-tropical high pres sure to sub-polar low pressure. Due to coriolis effect in Northern Hemisphere it is from south west direction and in Southern Hemisphere North west direction. Westerlies are just opposite of trade winds in terms of their direction so westerlies are also called an ti trade winds.

In search of the Source of Wind Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe and analyse the pictures 2.1,2.3 in the chapter.
List out the factors which influence the atmospheric pressure

• Height
• Temperature

Answer:
Humidity

Question 2.
Observe and analyse the picture 2.1,2.2,2.3 in the chapter and find out how do the following factors influence the atmosphere pressure
Altitude
Temperature
Humility
Answer:
Altitude — When altitude increases atmospheric pressure decreases.
Temperature — When temperature increases atmospheric pressure decreases.
Humidity — When humidity increases atmospheric pressure decreases.

Question 3.
How does the term ‘High pressure’ differ from the ‘Low pressure’

Answer:
High Pressure:
Atmospheric pressure is more when com pared to surroundings.
Low Pressure:
Atmospheric pressure is low when compared to surroundings.

Question 4.
Complete the following table based on global pressure belts.

5. List out the factors influencing the speed • Coriolis effect and the direction of winds

• Coriolis effect
• Pressure Gradient

Answer:
Friction

Question 6.
Write the main features of planetary winds and complete the table.

Answer:

Question 7.
List out the reasons which result in the formation of monsoon.

• The apparent movement of the sun

Answer:
Coriolis force, Differences in heat.

Question 8.
Complete the following table by distinguishing between Sea breeze and Land breeze.

Answer:
Land Breeze:

• Blows during the night.
• Blows from land to sea.

Sea Breeze:

• Blows during the daytime.
• Blows from sea to land.

Question 9.
Complete the following table by distinguishing between Mountain breeze and Valley breeze.

Answer:
Mountain Breeze:

• Blows from mountain towards the valley.
• Blows during the night.

Valley Breeze:

• Blows from valley towards the mountain.
• Blows during the day time.

Question 10.
List out the local winds based on their nature and places where they blow, to complete the following table.

Answer:

In search of the Source of Wind Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between
a. Land breeze and Sea breeze
b. Mountain breeze and Valley breeze
Answer:
Land breeze:
As the land cools faster than the sea during the right, it would be high pressure over the land and low pressure over the sea. This results in the movement of air from the land to sea. This is the Land Breeze.

Sea Breeze:
Land heats up and cools down quickly than water that leads to the formation of low pressure over the land. So cooler air starts to blow from the sea. This is known as Sea Breeze.

Mountain Breeze:
During night, the air in the mountainous regions cools due to the intense cold conditions in that region. As cool air is denser, it blows towards the valley. This is known as Mountain Breeze.

Valley Breeze:
During the day time, the air in the valley gets heated up more than the air on the mountain tops. As a result the wind blows up slope from the valley. This is known as Vally Breeeze

Question 2.
The trade winds blow from North East direction and from south east direction substantiate.
Answer:
It is due to the coriolis effect that the direction of trade winds is from north east in northern hemisphere and southeast in the southern hemisphere.Otherwise it will be from exact north and south. Freely moving bodies get deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere due to a force generated as a result of earth’s rotation.

Question 3.
Find out how do the ‘Coriolis effect’ influence the direction of winds.
Answer:
Trade Winds are those which blow from sub tropical high pressure belt to equtorial law pressure belt. Due to the Coriolis effect trade winds blow from north east direction in the northern hemisphere and from the southeast direction in the southern hemisphere Westerlies blow from the subtropical high pressure belts towards the sub polar low pressure belts. It is due to the Coriolis effect that the westerlies blow in the south west direction in the northern hemisphere and in the north west direction in the southern hemisphere.

Question 4.
Which local wind is known as ‘snow eater’ why is it called so?
Answer:
Chinook.The red indian word ‘Chinook’ means snow eater. It causes the melting of snow

Question 5.
The speed of the wind is high over plains and oceans. How do you interpret this statement
Answer:
Since the friction is less over plains and oceans the speed of wind will be high in such places. However places with difficult terrain and dense forest cover will have less speed of wind.

In search of the Source of Wind SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the following diagrams and find answers to the following Questions.

which diagram represents the low pressure region? Substantiate your answer.
What is the name by which the smooth curved lines in the diagrams are known? What does it indicate?

Answer:
Figure B represents the low pressure region

• The value of isobars decreases towards the center.
• Isobars
• Imaginary lines joining places having equal atmospheric pressure.

Question 2.
Distinguish between
a. Land breeze and Sea breeze
b. Mountain breeze and Valley breeze
Answer:

• Characteristic features of land and sea breezes
• Characteristic features of mountain and valley breezes

Question 3.
Which are the pressure belts on either side of subtropical high pressure belts?
Write notes on the winds formed from this pressure belt in the northern hemisphere. Which among these winds is most influenced by the Coriolis force? Why?
Answer:

• Sub polar low pressure belt and equatorial low pressure belt.
• Features of westerlies and north east trade winds.
• Westerlies are most influenced by the Coriolis force.
• Coriolis force increases while advancing from the equator.

Question 4.
Rearrange the table on the basis of the planetary winds blowing in between different pressure belts.
1. Between the sub-tropical high pressure belt and the sub polar low pressure belt. – Trade winds
2. Between the polar high pressure belt and the sub polar low pressure belts – Westerlies
3. Between the sub-tropical high pressure belts and the equatorial low pressure be Its – Polar winds
Answer:

• Westerlies
• Polar winds
• Trade winds

Question 5.
Read the following information’s.
• The atmospheric pressure at A is 740 mb and it is 730 mb at a place 10 km away from A.
• Atmospheric pressure at B is 740 mb and it is 730 mb at a place 5 km away from B Which among these places experience stronger winds? Why?
Answer:

• Place B experience stronger winds
• Pressure gradient force is more at B. The isobars are drawn close to each other.

Question 6.
Which among the following winds are called as Roaring forties?
A. Polar winds
B. Monsoon winds
C. Westerlies
D. Trade winds
Answer:
C. Westerlies

Question 7.
Identify the wrong statement among the following.
i. The location of mountains is one among the factors causing the formation of monsoon.
ii. South west trade winds also moves north ward with the equatorial low pressure belt in the northern hemisphere during summer.
iii. South east trade winds moves northward along with the equatorial low pressure belt in the northern hemisphere during summer.
iv. Coriolis effect is one of the factors influencing the formation of monsoon.
a. i, iii and iv are correct, ii is wrong
b. i, ii, and iv are correct, iii is wrong
c. iii and iv are correct, i and ii are wrong
d. i and iv are correct, ii and iii are wrong
Answer:
c is the correct answer

Question 8.
Suppose at a place A the level of mercury in the mercury barometer touches 76cm. What may be the atmospheric pressure then? Calculate the atmospheric pressure experienced at a height of 50 metres over the same.place.
Answer:

• Atmospheric pressure 1013.2 mb
• Atmos pheric pressure at 50 m height = 1013.2 – (1 mb × 5)= 1008.2 mb

Question 9.
The equatorial low pressure region was a nightmare for the ancient mariners. Why?
Answer:

• In ancient times the ocean voyages were – in yachts by making use of winds.
• The winds are feeble in the equatorial low pressure region because of massive rising up of air.
• This region is also known as Doldrum.
• The voyage across this region in yachts was difficult due to the lack of winds.

Question 10.
Explains that the atmospheric pressure is not uniform everywhere.

a. Name the smooth lines in the diagram,
b. Among the places A and B, identify the place experiencing high pressure and the place experiencing low pressure,
c. The sun is in which hemisphere during the period?
Answer:

• Isobars
• A- Low pressure, B- High pressure
• Northern hemisphere

Question 11.
Is the atmospheric pressure the same at all places given below? Write a note based on the factors influencing the atmospheric pressure. .
1. Polar region
2. Central pacific region
3. Ooty
Answer:

1. Polar region – Low temperature, high pressure
2. Central pacific region – high temperature, low pressure
3. Ooty – low temperature, high pressure

Question 12.
Following are a few facts related to two global pressure belts. Identify the pressure belts.
1. Extends to about 5° to 10° north and south of the equator.
2. Located at 30° north and south latitudes on both the hemispheres.
3. Trade winds and Westerlies blows from either side of this belt.
4. Known as Doldrum
Answer:
1 .Equatorial low pressure belt
2. Sub tropical high pressure belt
3. Sub tropical high pressure belt
4. Equatorial low pressure belt

Question 13.
Winds are named according to the place from which they blow. Mention any two winds named accordingly.
Answer:

• South west monsoon winds
• North east monsoon winds ( name any suitable winds)

Question 14.
Illustrated below are the directions of winds in the northern and southern hemispheres. Identify the figures which are not correct and illustrate them correctly.

Answer:

• Figures – b and d are not correct
• Correctly illustrate them.

Question 15.
Arrange the items in B and C columns suitable to column A.

Answer:

In search of the Source of Wind Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Name the hot Local wind which blows from the Rajastan desert.
Answer:
Loo

Question 2.
Choose the correct example for periodic winds given below.
Trade winds, Westerlies, Monsoon winds
Answer:
Monsoon winds

Question 3.
Identify the winds that helped Gama to reach Kerala coast from Malindi?
Answer:
South west monsoon winds.

Question 4.
Westerties are stronger in the southern hemisphere that in the northern hemisphere why?
Answer:
This is due to vast expanse of oceans in the southern hemisphere.

Question 5.
Name the instrument used to measure at-mospheric pressure
Answer:
Barometer (Mercury Barometer, Aneroid Ba¬rometer)

Question 3.
In which unit atmospheric pressure is measured?
Answer:
Hectopascal (hpa), Milibar (mb)

Question 7.
Define the meaning of Atmospheric pressure
Answer:
Pressure exerted by the air is called atmospheric pressure. ,

Question 8.
Atmospheric pressure is not the same in all places on the Earth? Ex plain
Answer:
Attitude, Temperature and humidity are the various factors that effects atmospheric pressure.

Attitude :- When height increases pressure decreases when height increases the amount of air present in atmosphere decreases.

Temperature :- When air gets heated, air starts to expend. As a result air become dense and it rises. This leads to decrease in pressure.

Humidity:- The amount of water vapour present in air is called humidity. The water vapour is less dense than air. So when the amount of water vapour increases atmospheric pressure decreases.

Question 9.
Define high pressure and low pressure? Ans.If the atmospheric pressure of an area is higher than that of the surrounding regions it can be designated as high pressure (H). If the atmospheric of the surrounding region it can be designated as low pressure (L).

Question 10.
What are Isobars? What are the various uses of isobars?
Answer:
isobars are imaginary lines joining places having the same atmospheric pressure. We can easily understand the distribution of the atmospheric pressure of any region by observing the Isobars.

Question 11.
Write a brief note on global pressure belts based on location and factor responsible for the formation.
Answer:
Atmospheric pressure is uniform between certain latitudes. These belts are called Global pressure belts.
Equatorial low pressure belts:

• This belts is situated between 5° N and 5°S latitudes.
• This is the Zone where the sun rays fall vertically throughout the year.
• Hence air expands due to Sun’s heat and riser up on a massive scale

Sub tropical high pressure belts:

• This belt lies between latitudes in both Northern and Southern Hemisphere.
• The hot air ascending from the equatorial low pressure belts cools gradually and subsides at the Sub tropical Zone due to rotation of the Earth.

Sub polar low pressure belts:

• This belt lies bear 60° latitudes in both North and South of the equator.
• This zone in close to the pole, the air is colder here.
• Though the cold air remains close to theearth, the air is thrown up due to rotation of the Earth. As a result, low pressure is experienced all along the sub polar region.

Polar high pressure belts:

• This belt lies 90° latitudes in both the hemispheres.
• This zone experience severe cold throughout the year.

Question 12.
What are the factors that contribute to the formation of different pressure belts.
Answer:
Variations in the amount of solar energy received. The rotation of the Earth.

Question 13.
How are the winds formed?
Answer:
Pressure differences lead to the formation of winds. Winds blow from high pressure regions to low pressure in a horizontal manner. This is called wind.

Question 14.
What is the main faction behind the name given to a particular wind?
Answer:
Winds are named on the basis of the direction from which they blow. For example, South wind the wind blowing from South.

Question 15.
The peculiarities of the source regions influence the nature of wind. How?
Answer:
Winds blowing from the sea will be saturated with moisture whereas, the moisture content will be less in winds blowing from drier regions.

Question 16.
Write some factors that determines velocity and direction of wind?
Answer:
Pressure gradient, Force coriolis, Force friction.

Question 17.
What is pressure gradient force?
Answer:
The pressure gradient is said to be sleeper when the pressure difference is more. This can be understand by the pattern of isobar in two different situations. If the isobar are distributed away from each other the pressure gradient will be less. So the speed of wind is feeble.

Question 18.
What is meant by Coriolis force?
Answer:
Freely moving bodies get deflated to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere due to the force generated as a result of Earth’s rotation. This is known as Coriolis force.

Question 19.
Who introduced Ferrels’sLaw? Explain the Law?
Answer:
Admiral Ferrel introduced this law, an American Scientist. According to this Ferrel’s law winds right and those in the Southern hemisphere deflect towards their left due to the Coriolis effect.

Question 20.
Two different pictures are given be low under two situations. In which of these situations do winds blow smoothly? Why?
Answer:
The speed of wind will be high over ocean surfaces and level lands as the friction is less. On the other hand, the friction being more along difficult terrains and places with dense forest cover, the speed of wind will be less in those places.

Question 21.
Write a short note on planetary winds?
Answer:
The winds developed between the global pressure belts can be generally called as pla-netary. The different planetary winds are listed below:

• Trade winds
• Westerlies
• Polar easterlies

Trade winds : The winds that blow from sub tropical high pressure belt to equatorial low pressure belt is called Trade winds.

Westerlies: The winds that blow from Sub- tropical high pressure belt to sub-polar low pressure belt is called Westerlies.

Polar easterlies: The winds that below from polar high pressure to sub-polar low pressure is called Polax easterlies.

Question 22.
What is Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (TTCZ)?
Answer:
The zone where the trade winds from both the hemispheres converge is known as the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone.

Question 23.
The ancient mariners had given different names to the rough westerlies in the southern hemisphere what are those names? Why it is known is different names?
Answer:
Roaring Forties (along 40° latitude), Furious Fifties (along 50° latitudes) and shrieking sixties (60° latitudes).

Question 24.
Why the polar winds are called polar Easter lies?
Answer:
These winds blow from the east in both the hemispheres due to the coriolis force. Hence these are known as polar easterlies.

Question 25.
Winds that change direction is accordance with season. Explain.
Answer:
Monsoon is the seasonal reversal of wind in a year it changes their direction according to the season. There are many factors responsible for the formation of the monsoon winds. Some of these are:

• The apparent movement of the sun
• Coriolis force
• Differences in heating

Sun’s rays fall vertically to the north of the equator during certain months due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis. This leads to an increase in temperature along the region through which topic of cancer passes. The pressure belts also shifts slightly northwards in accordance with this. The south east trade winds also cross the equator and moves towards the north- wards during the summer in the northern hemisphere. As the trade winds cross the equator they get deflected and transform into south west moon winds under the influence of the coriolis effect. As a result of the formation of high pressure zones over the Asian land mass during winder and low pressure Zones over the Indian Ocean, the north-east trade winds get strengthened. These are the north east monsoon winds. In a year wind deflects their direction twice.

Question 26.
Explain the formation of valley breeze and mountain breeze?
Answer:
During the day time air in the valley gets heated up more than the air on the mountain tops. As a result, the wind blows up shope from the valley. This is known as Valley Breeze. But during right the air in the mountain ous regions cools due to the intense cold conditions in that region. As cool air is demer, it blows towards the valley. This is known as Mountains Breeze.

Question 27.
What are the different types of local winds blows in different parts? Explain?
Answer:
Local winds are winds whose effects are limited to a comparatively it is formed as a result of local pressure differences. Such winds exist in different parts of the world. Loo, Mango Showers and Kalbaisathi are the local winds experienced in India. Chinook, Harmattan and Foehn are some of the local winds in other parts of the world.

Question 28.
What is Chinook? Write a note on features of Chinook.
Answer:
Chinook is a local wind that blows down the eastern slope of the Rocky mountains in North America. As a result of these winds, the snow along the eastern slopes of the Rocks melts. This wind reduces the severity of the cold, it is helpful for the wheat cultivation in the Canadian lowlands.

Question 29.
In which region the wind Foehn blows? What is the main feature of this wind?
Answer:
Foehn is the wind that blows towards the southern valleys of the Alps. As the air heats up due to pressure from the descend, it helps in reducing the severity of cold in that’ region.

Question 30.
In which region the wind Harmattan blows? What are the characteristics of this wind?
Answer:
Harmattan is a day wind which blows from the Sahara desert towards the West Africa.On of the arrival of these winds, the humied and sultry conditions of west Africa is improved significantly. Hence people call these winds as doctor Harmattan.

Question 31.
Name the different types of local winds blow¬ing in India. Write a short note on vari- ous local winds blowing in India?
Answer:
Loo:

• Not wind blowing in the North Indian plain.
• Hot wind blows is hot dry season.
• It increases the summer temperature.
• It is experienced in the afternoon.

Mango Showers:

• It blows in South India during hot season.
• It acquires its name owing to the fall of ripe mangoes on its arrival.

Question 32.
What does thid picture indicate ? Analyse the picyure and prepare a note.

Answer:
The picture indicates Coriolis Force. Freely moving bodies get deflected to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere due to a force generated as a result of earth’s rotation. This is known as the Coriolis Force. This force increases as it moves towards the poles from the Equator. Admiral Ferrell found out that the winds in the northern hemisphere deflect towards their right and those in the southern hemisphere deflect towards their left due to the Coriolis effect. The law put forward by him on the basis of this known as Ferrell’s Law.

Question 33.
There are different types of winds on the earth’s surface. Complete the following flow.

Answer:

You can Download Economic Growth and Economic Development Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 6 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 6 Economic Growth and Economic Development Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 6 Notes

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Malayalam Medium Question 1.
What changes in an economy can be found in an economy as a result of economic growth?
Answer:
As a result of economic growth, several changes take place in an economy. Such changes include.

• Increase in industrial production.
• Increase in agricultural production.
• Growth in the service sector.
• Increase in purchasing power.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Some statements relating to economic growth and. development are given below. Classify them economic growth and development:
a) National income increased
b) Production of what increased to 150 crore tonnes.
c) National Highways were developed into four lanes.
d) Skill training was provided to the laborers.
e) Implemented modem facilities in the health sector.
f) Basic facilities of education institutions were improved.
Answer:
Economic growth:
a) National income increased
b) Production of what increased to 150 crore tonnes.
c) National Highways were developed into four lanes.
Economic development:
d) Skill training was provided to the laborers.
e) Implemented modem facilities in the health sector
f) Basic facilities of education institutions were improved

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 3.
Complete the following flow chart:

Answer:
Establishment of new hospitals
↓
More people receive hospital facilities
↓
Improvement in health condition of people
↓
Better health leads to better standard of living

9th Standard Social Science Textbook Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Human Development Index values of some of the countries in 2014 are as follows. List them under the three categories of human development.
1. India – 0.586
2. Japan – 0.891
3. Mali – 0.407
4. Sri Lanka – 0.751
5. Norway – 0.944
6. Haiti – 0.471
Answer:
High Human Development
1. Japan – 0.891
2. Norway – 0.944
Medium Human Development
1. India – 0.586
2. Sri Lanka – 0.751
Low Human Development
1. Mali – 0.407
2. Haiti – 0.471

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 5.
Define economic development
Answer:
Increase in the standard of living with economic growth is called economic development.

Let Us Assess

9th Class Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Write down the difference between economic growth and economic development
Answer:

9th Class Social Science Malayalam Medium Question 7.
Explain in detail the limitations of per capita income as a development index.
Answer:
Per capita income as a development index has
certain limitations:

• Per capita income is an average income. For example, assume that the per capita income of a country is Rs. 40,000. This does not mean that each individual of the country receives an income
• of Rs. 40,000. It includes the population earning crores of rupees as well as those with very low income. So, this is merely a numerical calculation.
• While calculating economic development on the basis of per capita income, It cannot be claimed that improvement in the quality of living has been attained if the rich-poor disparity persists.
• Per capita income as a development index ignores factors like education, availability of nutritious food and health care facilities that improve the quality of living.
• Concerned only with economic growth, percapita income as a development index does not take into account social welfare and the equitable distribution of income.

9th Class Social Science Malayalam Medium Notes Question 8.
What is Human Resource Development?
Answer:
Human development is the expansion process of opportunities that helps the people to improve their human resources.

9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf In English Medium Question 9.
What are the components of Human Development Index?
Answer:

• Percapita income.
• Literacy and gross school enrolment rate.
• Life expectancy.

9th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
What is sustainable development? Write down a few suggestions to achieve sustainable development.
Answer:
Sustainable development is defined as the development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own need.
Suggestions

• Rainwater harvesting.
• Use of organic fertilizers
• Reducing the use of plastics
• Protecting water resources and paddy fields

9th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
What are the challenges faced by modern development initiatives?
Answer:

• Excessive exploitation of natural resources.
• Polluting and wasting water resources.
• Intensive use of pesticides.
• Leveling of paddy fields and hills.
• Poverty
• Inequality of income and wealth.
• Unemployment.

Economic Growth and Economic Development Model Questions and Answers

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 12.
Define economic growth.
Answer:
Economic Growth means an increase in the total output of a country compared to that of the previous year.

9th Class Social Science Textbook Malayalam Medium Question 13.
What is meant by economic growth rate?
Answer:
Economic growth rate in the rate of increase in the national income during the current years as compared to the previous years.

9 Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Economicdevelopment = economic growth + …….
Answer:
Better standard of living.

9th Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 15.
Suggest any 4 conditions that will improve the standard of living.
Answer:

• Better education facilities.
• Better health care facilities.
• Availability of Clearwater.
• Availability of nutritious food.

Question 16.
Complete the chart.
Answer:

Question 17.
Percapita income equals:
Answer:
\(\frac{\text { National income }}{\text { Population }}\)

Question 18.
Prepare a note on PQLI
Answer:
Physical Quality of Life Index came into use in 1979, when. an index more scientific than the per capital income was found necessary.
Instead of using per capital income as a single criterion for development, the Physical Quality of Life Index takes into consideration the following three factors:

• Life expectancy
• Infant mortality rate
• Basic literacy

Question 19.
Human Development Index is published by
Answer:
UNDP

Question 20.
What is meant by human development? Point out the factors that help in attaining human development.
Answer:
According to, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). “Human development is the expansion process of opportunities that help the people to improve their human resource”
There are various factors that help in attaining human development. Let us see a few:

• Improved educational facilities.
• Better healthcare facilities.
• Increased training.

Question 21.
Complete the flow chart.

Answer:
Better educational facilities
↓
Increase in the number of people receiving education
↓
Increase in employment opportunities to educated people
↓
Increase in income and purchasing power
↓
Better standard of living

Question 22.
The value of HDI lies between:
a) -1 and +1
b) -1 and 0
c) 0 and 1
d) 1 and 100
Answer:
c) 0 and 1

Question 23.
Human Happiness Index was originally developed by ………..
Answer:
Bhutan

Question 24.
Make pairs : PQLI, Bhutan, HDI, Morris D Morris, Happiness Index, UNDP
Answer:
PQLI : Morris D. Morris
HDI: UNDP
Happiness Index : Bhutan

Question 25.
Human Happiness Index is based on 9 indicators. Which are they?
Answer:
Nine indicators are considered for the calculation of
Human Happiness Index. They are as follows:

• Health,
• Standard of living
• Education
• Cultural diversity
• Effective use of time
• Good governance
• Conservation of nature and biodiversity
• Social life and neighbor relations
• Mental health

Question 26.
Inequality is of 3 types. Name them.
Answer:

• Economic inequality
• Inequality of Income
• Regional inequality

Question 27.
Point out major challenges faced by development in India.
Answer:

• Poverty
• Unemployment
• Illiteracy
• Malnutrition
• Economic inequality,

Question 28.
Identify main goals of sustainable development.
Answer:

• Environmental goals
• Economic goals
• Social goals

Question 29.
What are the three types of inequality?
Answer:

• Economic inequality
• Inequality in income
• Regional inequality

Question 30.
List down the factors for deciding Human Development Index.
Answer:

• Per Capita Income
• Literacy and gross school enrolment rate
• Life expectancy

Question 31.
What are the challenges faced by modern development initiatives?
Answer:

• Poverty
• Illiteracy
• Malnutrition
• Economic inequality
• Death by starvation
• Unemployment

Question 32.
For an improvement in the standard of living, several other living conditions should be made available along with an increase in national income. What are they? Answer:
Availability of nutritious food for all better health care facilities for all educational facilities for all and availability of clean water for all.

Question 33.
What are things to be considered when per capita income is taken as development index?
Answer:
Growth rate of national income.
Population growth rate.

Question 34.
List down the three main components which forms like basis in preparing Human Development Index.
Answer:
Per Capita Income
Literacy and Gross School enrolment rate Life expectancy

Question 35.
List down the three basic components for calculating the Human Poverty Index.
Answer:

• Longevity
• knowledge
• Decent standard of living

Students can Download Social Science Part 1 Chapter 6 Struggle and Freedom Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science History Chapter 6 Notes Malayalam Medium സമരവും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യവും

Struggle and Freedom Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can Download Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 5 Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 5 Notes

Classification of Public Revenue Question 1.
Observe the pictures given above. They are related to certain activities performed by the government. What are they ? Find out other activities of the government.
Answer:

• Distribution of drinking water
• Distribution of welfare pension
• Protection of environment
• Protection of the country
• Road construction
• Health centers
• Center for distributing food

Vehicle Tax Kerala Question 2.
Given below is the graph showing the public expenditure of India from 2010-11 to 2016-17.

Answer:
The public expenditure of the year 2010-ll was 1197328 Crore. In the year 2011-12 it increased by 107037 Crore and became 130463 Crore. In 2012-13 it increased by 106007 Crore and became 141037 Crore. In 2013 -14, it increased by 149075 Crore and became 1559447 Crore.

In 2014-15 the public expenditure increased by 121711 Crore and became 1681158 Crore. In 2015-16 the public expenditure increased by 96319 Crores and became 1777477 Crores. In 2016-17 the public expenditure increased by 197717 Crores and became 1975194 Crores.

Types of Public Revenue Question 3.
Find out of the government expenditure in your ward and classify them into developmental and non-developmental expenditure.
Answer:

Standard Social Question 4.
Discuss how these factors lead to an increase in public expenditure and make inferences.
Answer:
Government undertakes welfare activities in the form of education, health, infrastructure, food, urbanization which leads to increase in public expenditure automatically. Natural calamities makes more expenditures and unemployment also rise the expenditure that is to control unemployment and to attain economic, development industrialization must be encouraged. Thus starting new industries and protecting industries increase Public expenditure.

What is Public Revenue Question 5.
Can you identify the receipt given? Where do we remit land tax? (Textbook page no. 75)
Answer:
Land tax remitted receipt.
Land tax will remit at their own village offices.

10th Public Question 6.
Discuss whether direct or indirect tax seriously affect common people.
Hints – Tax burden, rise price, income inequality.
Answer:
In direct tax payer bears the burden himself. So the tax payer known the burden of tax. But indirect tax collected by raising the price of commodities. Tax payer is ignorant of the tax. Evading a tax means giving up the wants. Direct tax is based on the principle of the ability to pay.

But indirect tax will not ensure social justice as it falls upon the rich and to poor alike. The rate of increase in the direct tax j may cause increase in the price of commodities. Thus we can assess that direct tax affects common man more public debt.

Public Finance Syllabus Question 7.
With the help of reading material, find out the main taxes of the state government.
Answer:

• Land tax
• Vehicle tax
• Excise duty
• Entertainment tax

Define Public Revenue Question 8.
Calculate the annual per capital debt of India.
Answer:
We get annual percapita debt of India by dividing total debt of a year with population of the year. According to 2011 population census our population is 1, 21, 01, 93, 422.
Public debt of 2015 = 5, 50, 36, 75
Per capita debt = 1, 21, 01, 93, 422 – 5503675
= 00, 45, 47, 76 crores

Question 9.
Statistics shows that India’s public debt is increasing. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this and report the findings?
Answer:
Under development and increase in population results increase of public debt. If the public debt is increased, major portion of the public income will be allocated to interest and repayment. As a result allotment to welfare schemes will below and it adversely affect the economic 1 development of a country.

Public Revenue Question 10.
Prepare a note by analyzing the major items of the central govt.
Items — Expenditure
Interest and repayments — 456145
Defense — 246727
Subsidies — 243811
Grants to state and union territories — 108552
Pension — 88521
Police — 51791
Social service — 29143
Economic service — 28984
Grants to foreign govt — 4342
Other public services — 30936
Answer:

• The largest amount is spent on interest and repayment.
• The least amount is spent on grants to foreign government.
• The expenditure on welfare schemes and defense is more or less same.
• Rs. 29143 crores, Rs 28984 crores and Rs 30936 crores are allotted social economic service and to public services respectively.

Question 11.
Observe the diagram related to the major income sources of the central budget 2017-18.

Find out the following after observing the diagram.

a. From which item does the central government receive maximum tax revenue?
Answer:
Corporate tax

b. Which is the source of non tax revenue that yields maximum income to the central government?
Answer:
Profit

c. Which source yields more income to the central government – tax revenue or non tax revenue?
Answer:
444631

Question 12.
What are the goals of the fiscal policy ?
Answer:

• Attain economic stability
• Create employment opportunities
• Control unnecessary expenditure
• Increase the aggregate output of the economy
• Keep prices and wages stable
• Used to curtail inflation, increase aggregate demand and other macroeconomic issues

Question 13.
How do public expenditure, public income and public debt benefit a country? Discuss.
Answer:
Public expenditure is the governmental expenditure for social welfare. Public expenditure is very important for the development of a country. Under Govt taken various initiation on welfare activities public expenditure increases.To meet this expenditure govt mobilizes income from various sources.

This income is called public revenue. It includes both tax revenue and non tax revenue. In a developing and under developed nation budget will be deficit budget became they have to undertake various developmental activities.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Compare developmental and non -develop-mental expenditure and give examples for each.
Answer:
Public expenditure can be classified into developmental and non developmental expenditure. Any expenditure that creates assets for the future is called developmental expenditure.
Examples :- construction of roads, bridges, and harbors, setting up of educational institutions, starting up new enterprises etc.
Expenditures that does not create any assets are called non-developmental expenditure.
Examples :- expenditure incurred by way of war. interest, pension etc.

Question 2.
Describe the features of direct tax and indirect tax.
Answer:
Taxes are the main source of income of’the government. The amount to be compulsorily paid by the public to the government is called tax. There are two types of taxes. Direct tax and indirect tax.

Question 3.
What are the important functions of GST council.
Answer:

• Taxes, cess and surcharges that are to be merged into GST.
• The goods and services that are to be brought under GST.
• Determining GST rates.
• The time frame for including the excluded items into GST.
• Determining the tax exemption limit on the basis of total turnover.

Question 4.
Explain with examples Public revenue and Public expenditure.
Answer:
Public Revenue:
Income of the government is known as Pub- lie revenue. The government earns income primarily from two sources. They are tax revenue and non-tax revenue. Tax revenue are of two types: Direct tax and indirect tax. Tax is paid by the person on whom it is imposed is called direct tax.

Examples:- Personal income tax, Corporate tax etc. While tax is imposed on one person and paid by another is called Indirect tax. Exam pie:- Value added tax, Excise duty, Sales tax, Customs duty, Service tax etc. Along with tax government receives in from two other sources such as surcharge and cess. Additional tax imposed on tax is called surcharge. Additional tax imposed by the government for certain specific purposes is called Cess

Public Expenditure:
Expenditure incurred by the government for various development and non-developmental activities are called Public expenditure. Examples for developmental expenditure are construction of roads, railways, bridges, harbors, setting up of new enterprises, educational institutions and medical institutions. Examples for non-developmental expenditure are expenditure on war, pension, interest etc. India’s public expenditure is increasing because when population increases, facilities for education, health, shelter etc for more people have to be given. For this, the government has to spend more money. There are various reasons for the increase in expenditure.

• Increase in the defense expenditure
• Welfare activities
• Urbanization
• Increase in population

Question 5.
What are the sources of non tax revenue?
Answer:
Fees, fines and penalties, grants, interest and profit are the various sources of non tax revenue.

Question 6.
Rewrite if required
Deficit budget → Income = Expenditure
Surplus budget → Income < Expenditure
Balanced budget → Income > Expenditure
Answer:
Balanced budget → Income = Expenditure
Deficit budget → Income < Expenditure
Surplus budget → Income > Expenditure

Question 7.
What is fiscal policy? Explain its aims.
Answer:
Governments policy regarding public revenue, public expenditure and public debt is called fiscal policy.
There are various aims of fiscal policy.

• Attain Economic stability
• Create employment opportunities
• Controls unnecessary expenditure
• It helps to maintain price stability
• For efficient resource allocation.

Question 8.
Public finance and fiscal policy determines a country’s progress. Substantiate.
Answer:
Public finance and fiscal policy determines a country’s progress. Public finance is the branch of economics that relates to public income, public expenditure and public debt. It is presented through the budget. Fiscal policy is the government policy regarding public revenue, public expenditure and public debt.

These policies are implemented through the budget. Fiscal policy influences a countries progress. A sound fiscal policy helps in nourishing the developmental activities and to attain growth.

Fispal policy controls inflation and deflation which affect economic security. The tax rate is increased when there is inflation. As a result of this, the purchasing power of the people falls. Similarly tax is reduced at the time of deflation. That will increase purchasing power of the people. As a result the demand for products increases. This results in an increase in the price of the products. The timely application of fiscal policy helps the government to over-come such situations.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the chart.

Answer:
a. By government,
b. Non-developmental,
c. For constructing road,
c. Agriculture,
d. interest, pension.

Question 2.
One of the factors which is responsible for the increase in government expenditure has been given. Find out and write some other factors.
1. Population increase
Answer:

• Increase in defense expenditure
• Welfare activities
• Urbanization
• Inflation.

Question 3.
In the above activity you found out the factors responsible for the increase in public expenditure in India. Prepare a small write up using these points.
Answer:
Government undertakes welfare activities in the form of education, health, infrastructure, food, urbanization which leads to increase in public expenditure automatically. Natural calamities makes more expenditures and unemployment also rise the expenditure that is to control unemployment and to attain economic development industrialization must be encouraged. Thus starting new industries and protecting industries increase Public expenditure.

Question 4.
Complete the flow chart, connected with ‘different types of taxes’.

Answer:
a. Indirect Tax,
b. Personal income tax,
c. Tax imposed on the net income or profit of a company,
d. Land tax,
e. Excise duty,
f. Imposed on import and export of products,
g. Service Tax,
h. Taxes imposed on services.

Question 5.
The names of different types of taxes are given below. Categorize them, and fill the tables.

Answer:
Central government taxes

• Corporate tax
• Personal income tax
• Union excise duty

State government taxes

• Land tax
• Stamp duty
• Value Added Tax
• State Excise Duty

Local Self Government Taxes

• Property tax
• Professional tax
• Entertainment tax

Question 6.
Complete the picture.

Answer:
a. Grants
b. Fees
c. Interest
d. Profit

Question 7.
You have successfully found out the main sources of non-tax revenue, in the above activity. Now clarify each of them. An example is given for you.
Interest: Interest is the amount received for the loans provided by the government
Answer:
Fees: Reward collected for the government’s services.
Eg: License fees, Tuition fees, Registration fees etc.

Fines and penalties:Punishments for violating the laws.

Grants: Financial aid provided by one government to another.
For example, grants are provided by central and state government to local self governments.

Interest: Amount received for loans provided by the government to various enterprises, agencies and countries.

Profit: Income received from the enterprises operated by the government.
Eg. Profit from Indian Railways.

Question 8.
Complete the chart

Answer:
a. Loans taken by the government,
b. External Debts,
c. Loans availed by the government from individuals and institutions within the country.

Question 9.
Complete the world wheel.
increase in population.

Answer:

• Increase in Import
• Developmental activities
• Increased Defense expenditure
• Social Welfare Activities.

Question 10.
Find out correct answers from the box given below the table.

Answer:
a. Budget
b. Expenditure = Revenue
c. Surplus Budget
d. Expenditure Revenue
e. Deficit Budget

Question 11.
Fill the blank parts, suitably.
1. Government policy regarding public revenue, public expenditure and public debt is called ……………….
2. There policies are implemented through ………………..
3. Attainment of economic stability is one of its goals. Two other goals are ………….
Answer:
1. Fiscal Policy
2. Budget
3. Create employment opportunities
4. Control Unnecessary expenditure

Question 12.
Put the symbols ↓ or ↑ appropriately, in the blanks.
1. During inflation the tax rate ………….
2. As a result, the purchasing power of the people …………..
3. During deflation the tax rate …………..
4. As a result the purchasing power of the people ……………..
Answer:
1. During inflation the tax rate ↑
2. As a result, the purchasing power of the people ↓
3. During deflation the tax rate ↓
4. As a result the purchasing power of the people ↑

Question 13.
As a following up activity of the former, prepare a short note on ‘Timely application of the fiscal policy during Inflation and Deflation’, by the government.
Answer:
The tax rate is increased when there is inflation. As a result of this the purchasing power of the people falls.Tax is reduced at the time of deflation. This will increase the purchasing power of the people. As a result the demand for products increases. This results in an increase in the price of products.The timely application of fiscal policy helps the government to overcome such situations.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
What is Public expenditure? Which are its two divisions?
Answer:
Public Expenditure: Expenditure incurred by the government is known as Public expenditure. Developmental Expenditure and Non Developmental Expenditure.

The Expenditure incurred by the government for constructing roads, bridges and harbors starting up new enterprises, setting up educational institutes etc are considered as Developmental expenditure. Expenditure incurred by the way of war, interest, pension etc are considered as Non developmental expenditure

Question 2.
Why does India’s, public expenditure in-crease?
Answer:
Welfare Activities, Urbanization, Increase in Defense expenditure.

Question 3.
What is public revenue? Which are its main sources?
Answer:
The income of the government is known as Public revenue.There are two types of public revenue.

1. Tax Revenue
2. Non Tax Revenue

Question 4.
What is the differences between Direct tax and Indirect tax?
Answer:
Direct Tax:

• Tax is paid by the person on whom it is imposed
• Tax burden is felt by the tax payer
• Comparatively high expenditure is incurred for tax collection.

Indirect Tax:

• Tax is imposed on one person and paid by another
• Tax burden is not felt by the tax payer
• Comparatively low expenditure is incurred for tax collection.

Question 5.
What is Corporate tax?
Answer:
It is the tax imposed on the net income or profit of a company.

Question 6.
Differentiate ‘Surcharge and ‘Cess’
Answer:
Additional tax imposed on tax is called surcharge. Generally surcharge is imposed for a specific period. Additional tax is imposed by the government for certain specific purposes is called Cess. Cess will be discontinued when enough money is received.

Question 7.
Who imposes Entertainment tax?
Answer:
Entertainment tax is imposed by Local self government.

Question 8.
Increase is defence expenditure is one of the reasons for the increase in India’s pub-lic debt. Find out 3 other for the same.
Answer:

• Increase in population
• Social Welfare Activities
• Developmental activities.

Question 9.
What is ‘budget’? Which are its three types?
Answer:
Budget is the financial statement showing the expected income and expenditure of the government during a financial year. Three types of budget are Balanced Budget, Surplus Budget, Deficit budget.

Question 10.
What is fiscal policy? What is the merit of a sound fiscal policy?
Answer:
Government’s policy regarding public revenue, public expenditure and public debt is called a Fiscal policy. A sound fiscal policy helps in nourishing the developmental activities and to attain growth.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue SCERT Questions And Answers

Question 1.
Some of the activities performed by welfare governments are given below.Complete the table by incorporating other two activities.
1. Distribution of welfare pension
2. Empowering General education
3. a ……………………..
4. b ………………….
Answer:
a. Public health care protection
b. Environment protection.

Question 2.
What is meant by public expenditure?
Answer:
Expenditure of the government for public welfare.

Question 3.
Which are the two main sources of public revenue of the government?
Answer:

• Tax revenue
• Non-tax revenue

Question 4.
What is the major difference between direct tax and indirect tax.
Answer:

• Tax is paid by the person on whom it is imposed
• Tax is imposed on one and paid by another.

Question 5.
List down the main features of direct tax and indirect tax.
Answer:
Direct tax:

• Tax paid by the tax payer
• Tax burden is felt by the tax payer
• Comparatively expensive

Indirect tax:

• Tax is imposed on one and paid by another
• Tax burden is not felt by the tax payer
• Comparatively low expenditure.

Question 6.
Two major direct taxes are given below. Explain them.
1. Personal income tax
2. Corporate tax
Answer:
1. Tax imposed on the income of the individuals
2. Tax imposed on the net income or profit of a company.

Question 7.
Prepare a description about the indirect taxes in India.
Answer:
Describe value added tax, excise duty, customs duty and service tax.

Question 8.
Classify the taxes given below as direct tax and indirect tax.
a. Personal income tax,
b. Excise duty,
c. Corporate income tax
d. Value added tax
Answer:
a. Direct tax – Personal income tax,
b. corporate tax
c. Indirect tax – Excise duty,
d. Value added tax

Question 9.
Classify the following taxes properly as mentioned in the table.
1. Entertainment tax
2. Value added tax
3. Property tax
4. Personal income tax
5. Corporate tax
6. tamp duty
7. and tax
8. Professional tax
Answer:

• Central Government: Corporate tax, Personal Income tax.
• State Government: Value added tax, Stamp duty, Land tax.
• Local Self Government: Property tax, Entertainment tax, Professional tax.

Question 10.
Prepare a note on the different sources of income of the state government.
Answer:
Describes the tax income of the state government such as value added tax, stamp duty, state excise duty, land tax.

Question 11.
Write your opinion about the taxes that affect ordinary people.
Answer:
Write about indirect tax and your opinion on price hike, economic inequality.

Question 12.
Some non-tax income are given below. Ex-plain them.
1. Fees
2. Grant
3. Interest
4. Profit
Answer:
Explain fees, grant, interest and profit.

Question 13.
Prepare a short note on the impact of public debt in India.
Answer:
Write and explain the negative result of in-creasing public debt.

Question 14.
Table showing the internal and external debt of India from 2010 -11 to 2015 -16 is given below. Observe the table and answer the following.
a. When compared to 2010 -11 how much was the increase in public debt in 2015-16
b. What conclusions do you arrive at by comparing the internal and external debt?
c. What might be the reasons for increasing public debt in India?
Answer:
a. Debt doubled
b. Internal debt is more than external debt
c. Expenses for Defense, Increase in population, Social welfare activities, Development activities.

Question 15.
What is meant by public finance?
Answer:
A branch of Economics that deals with public income, public expenditure and public debt.

Question 16.
How do you think that the payment and nonpayment of tax with affect the development of a nation?
Answer:

• Explains the advantages of paying tax
• Explains the disadvantages of not paying tax.

Question 17.
What is budget? What is the importance of budget in economic activities of the government?
Answer:

• An economic document that shows the income and expenditure of the government in a financial year.
• Explains the importance of the budget.

Question 18.
How do you differentiate direct tax from in¬direct tax?
Answer:
In direct tax, tax is imposed one and another person pays the tax

Question 19.
What are the features of public income and public expenditure?
Answer:
The features of public expenditure and public revenue. Explain different type of budgets.

Question 20.
Explain different type of budgets.
Answer:

• Balanced budget : Income and expenditure are equal.
• Surplus budget : Income is more than expenditure.
• Deficit budget: Expenditure is more than income

Question 21.
What are the major features of the fiscal policy?
Answer:
The features of fiscal policy

Question 22.
Which are the major sources of income in Central budget?
Answer:
Corporate tax, Personal income tax, Customs duty, Excise duty.

Question 23.
What are the features of internal debt and external debt.
Answer:
The features of internal debtapd external debt.

Question 24.
Compare developmental expenditure and non-developmental expenditure.
Answer:
Write and explains developmental expenditure and non-developmental expenditure.

Question 25.
Public finance and fiscal policy determines the development of nation. Substantiate.
Answer:
Write and substantiates public finance and fiscal policy.

Question 26.
Explain what is fiscal policy and what are its objectives.
Answer:
Write and explains fiscal policy

• Economic stability
• Employment opportunity
• Control unnecessary expenses
• Control inflation and deflation
• Economic discipline

Question 27.
Analyse the pie diagram given below and answer the following.

a. Through which tax did government get more income?
b.How much income is received through service tax?
c. Which is the highest source of non tax revenue to the Central Government?
d Does tax revenue or non-tax revenue bring more income to the government?
Answer:
a. Corporate tax,
b. 209774 crores,
c. Profit,
d. Tax income.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who collects professional tax ?
Answer:
Local self government institutions.

Question 2.
The government servants in a Panchayat area pay tax to the Panchayat. Which type of tax is this ?
Answer:
This is professional tax

Question 3.
Give some examples for direct taxes in India.
Answer:
Personal income tax, Corporate tax.

Question 4.
What are the source of Non- tax revenue ?
Answer:
Fees, fines and penalties. Grants, interest, Profit.

Question 5.
What are the two types of customs duty?
Answer:
Export duty and import duty.

Question 6.
a. For what purpose, the government spend money ?
b. Identify the areas where local self government under takes expenditure ?
Answer:
a.The government money for undertaking public institution and for attaining social welfare.
b. Education sector, Health sector, Social welfare, Public work, Drinking water.

Question 7.
Complete the following table based on the institutions which collects the different types of taxes given below.
Answer:

Question 8.
What is public revenue ? What are the two source of public revenue ?
Answer:
The income of the Govt is known as public revenue. Tax revenue and non-tax revenue are the two sources of public revenue.

Question 9.
What is public expenditure? What are the two source of public expenditure ?
Answer:
The expenditure incurring by the government is known as public expenditure. Developmental and non-developmental expenditures are the two sources of public expenditure.

Question 10.
Why does India’s Public expenditure in-creases ? Suggest some reasons.
Answer:

• Increase in the defense expenditure
• Welfare activities
• Urbanization
• Increasing Population
• Various developmental activities.

Question 11.
Give a brief account on Taxes ?
Answer:
Taxes are the main source of income for the Government. The amount to be compulsorily paid by the public to the government for expenditure such as welfare activities, developmental activities etc incurred in public interest is called tax. The person who pays tax is called tax payer. Taxes are of two types. Direct tax and indirect taxes.

Question 12.
What is personal income tax and corporate tax.
Answer:
The tax imposed on the income of individuals is called income tax. Tax rate increases with income. Tax is imposed on income beyond a certain limit. It is the tax imposed on the net income or profit of a company.

Question 13.
What are the major indirect taxes in India.
Answer:
Value added tax, Excise duty, Customs duty, Service tax.

Question 14.
What is Value added tax ? Write its advantages and disadvantages ?
Answer:
It was introduced in France in 1954. A product reaches the consumers through different stages. Value is added at each stage. Taxes which are imposed on such value is called Value Added Tax (VAT).

Advantages:

• Can avoid conceding effect
• As tax is paid at different stages, malpractices can be minimized.
• Help to collect correct information on production and trade
• As there are chances for giving tax subsidy it promotes exports.
• Easy to introduce tax is not concentrated in a place alone.

Disadvantages:

• Tax collection is expensive
• Not a simple tax system, especially for developing countries.
• Success depends on the co-operation of tax collectors.
• Chance of small purchase exist.
• Difficult for small traders as they have to keep correct accounts.
• Everybody has to keep correct accounts.

Question 15.
Give a brief accounts on non- tax re venue ?
Answer:
Fees Fees is the reward collected for the governments services. License fee, registration fee, tuition fee, etc. are the examples.

Fine and penalties :- Fines and penalties are punishments for violating the laws.

Grants:- Grants are the financial aid provided by one government to another. For example grants are provided by central and state goveminent to local self Governments.

Interest:- Interest is the amount received for the loans provided by the government to various enterprises, agencies and countries.

Profit:- Profit is the income received from the enterprises operated by the government.
For example profit from the Indian railways.

Question 16.
Explain about various indirect taxes in India?
Answer:
Excise duty :- Tax imposed at the production stage of a commodity.
Customs duty :- Imposed on import and export of products.
Service tax :- The tax imposed on services called service tax.

Question 17.
What is surcharge?
Answer:
Additional tax imposed on tax is called surcharge. Generally surcharge is imposed for a specific period.

Question 18.
What do you mean by Cess?
Answer:
Additional tax imposed by the government for certain specific purpose is called Cess. Cess will be discontinued when enough money is received.

Question 19.
Give a brief account on taxes imposed by the central, the state, and the local self government
Answer:
Central Government:

• Corporate tax
• Personal income tax
• Union excise duty

State Government:

• Value added tax
• Stamp duty
• State excise duty
• Land tax

Local Self Government:

• Property tax
• Professional tax
• Entertainment tax.

Question 20.
Increase in tax rate leads to increase in the price of commodities. Which of the following will you recommend for tax imposition ? Why ? Gold jeweler, Diamond jeweler, Life saving medicines, Petroleum products, Salt, Luxury cars.
Answer:
I will recommend to impose tax on gold jeweler, Diamond jeweler and luxury cars. I will not recommend to impose tax on petroleum product, salt, life saving medicines etc because they are essential commodities. The price of there will increase as a result of tax imposition and it will affect the standard of living of the common people. .

Question 21.
Classify the following taxes into Direct and Indirect taxes.
1. Agricultural tax,
2. Entertainment tax,
3. Profes-sional tax,
4. Income tax,
5. Customs duty,
6. Excise duty – Land tax,
7. Property tax,
8. Vehicle tax.
Answer:
Direct tax :-
Income tax, Agricultural tax, Professional tax, Land tax, Property tax, Vehicle tax.

Indirect tax :-
Customs duty, Excise duty, Entertainment tax, Service tax.

Question 22.
High rate is imposed on liquor and drugs, What is the objective behind this ?
Answer:
By imposing high tax on liquor and drug the government get high income, and spend it for social welfare. Now a days the number of ; people, using drugs are increased. Through , imposing high tax on liquor and drug the government brings a social control, that is the j aim of the government is social welfare with j increased income.

Question 23.
Grant is an example of non- tax revenue to government. Identify the other non-tax sources of Income to a government ?
Answer:
Profit :- Central government gets profits from public sector undertakings like Railways, BSNL etc. The state government receives pro fit from state enterprises like KSFE, KEL- TRONetc.

Income from public property :- It includes rent for government owned land and rent for govt buildings.

Payments for government service :- Tuition fee registration fee and license fee etc.

Debts :- Internal and external borrowings

Fines :- Government imposes a fine upon who violate some rules. This is a source of income of the government.

Question 24.
What are public debt? Write two types of public debt ?
Answer:
The loans taken by the government is called public debt. Internal debt and external debt are the two kinds of public debt.

Question 25.
Distinguish between Internal debt and external debt
Answer:
internal debt :- The loans availed by the government from individuals and institution with in the country.

External debt :- The loans availed from foreign governments and international institutions.

Question 26.
Given below is the table indicating the internal and external debt of India from 2010-11 to 2015-16.

Question 27.
How much did public debt increase in 2015-16 compared to 2010-11 ? What conclusion can be arrived at while comparing internal debt with external debt?
Answer:

• 2678921 crores.
• Internal debt is more than external debt.

Question 28.
What are the reason for the increase in Indian public debt ?
Answer:

• Increased defense expenditure.
• Expense on educator and other service. Social welfare activities
• Developmental activities
• Urbanization
• Increase in import
• Unemployment benefit
• Expenses for periodic elections.
• To meet loss caused by natural calamities.

Question 29.
Apart from internal and external debt what are the various kinds of debts ?
Answer:
Productive debt and unproductive debt :- If the borrowed amount is used for productive purposes it is known as productive debt. Unproductive debt includes expenses like war finance and covering budgetary deficit. Compulsory and voluntary debt Compulsory debt is done in times of war, inflation etc. If the people are free to buy or not to buy the bonds debentures issued by the government. It is voluntary debt.

Redeemable and Irredeemable debt :- Redeem able debts are repaid with in a specific period of time. It there is no time limit for repayment it is redeemable debt.

Funded and Unfunded debt :- Funded debts are taken for a long period and for specific purpose. Short term debts are called unfunded debts.

Question 30.
What is public finance ?
Answer:
Public finance is the branch of economics that relates to public income, public expenditure and public debt. Public finance is presented through the budget.

Question 31.
Define the term budget ?
Answer:
Budget is the financial statement showing the expected income and expenditure of the government during a financial year. In India, financial year is from April 1 to March 31.

Question 32.
What are the three types of Budget
Answer:

• Surplus budget
• Deficit budget
• Balanced budget

Question 33.
Fill in those aspects which are missing in facts related with budget
1. Budget deficit :- Total budget expenditure …………..
2. Revenue deficit :- Revenue expense ………………
3. Surplus Budget :- Expenditure ………………..
4. ………………. = Budget deficit+borrowing
Answer:

• Total budget income
• Revenue income
• Income
• Fiscal deficit

Question 34.
What are the various aims of budget?
Answer:

• To ensure accountability
• To serve as a tool of management for controlling administration.
• To help economic planning.
• To work as a method for collection public fund.
• To work as a basis for public welfare.
• As a tool for policy formulation to government.
• To work as a source of information to the public about government programmes.

Question 35.
Distinguish between inflation and deflation.
Answer:
A general rise in price of commodities is called inflation. A general fall in price of commodities is called deflation.

Question 36.
What is fiscal policy ? Explain is main goals. The policy relating to taxes, public expenditure and borrowings is known as fiscal policy.
Answer:
Goals:

• Attain economic stability
• Create employment opportunities.
• Control Unnecessary expenditure
• Economic development of a nation.
• Control monopoly.
• Increase employment opportunities
• Eradication of poverty
• Maintain equilibrium in international trade
• Reducing economic inequality

Question 37.
The following are the features related to certain taxes. Find out the type of taxes.
a. Taxes burden is not to the tax payer.
b. Tax payer himself bears the burden of tax
Answer:
a. Indirect tax
b. Direct tax

Question 38.
How do fiscal policy controls inflation and deflation of a country.
Answer:
The tax rate is increased when there is inflation as a result of this purchasing power of the people falls. Tax is reduced when there is deflation.This will increase purchasing power of the people. So the demand for the products increases. The timely application of fiscal policy helps the government.

Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 5 Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Notes Malayalam Medium പൊതു ചെലവും പൊതുവരുമാനവും

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 3 Human Resource Development in India Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Notes Malayalam Medium ഇന്ത്യയിലെ മാനവ വിഭവശേഷി വികസനം

Human Resource Development in India Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can download India: The Land of Diversities Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 7 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 7 India: The Land of Diversities Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 7 Notes

India is a large country with liverse topography. The major peographical features are the Northern mountain ranges, the trans-Himalayan, the Himalayas and the Eastern high lands, the northern plains. The Himalayan rivers, the desert which is part of the northern plains. In the peninsular India, the mountains are the Aravalli mountains, Vindhya, satpura, western ghats, and the eastern ghats. The long western and eastern coastal plain and the islands of laccading and Andaman and Nicolas Islands also is part of India.

India The Land Of Diversity Sslc Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 1.
Answer the following questions with the help of Atlas.
i) Countries of Indian subcontinent
ii) Countries sharing land frontier with India
iii) Neighboring countries situated in Indian Ocean
Answer:
i) Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh
ii) Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
iii) Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Maldives

Sslc Geography Chapter 7 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Mountains of Northern Mountain system are depicted in the figure. Name the places.

Answer:
A) 1) Karakoram
2) Ladakh
3) Zaskar
B) 1) Himadri
2) Himachal
3) Siwalik
C) 1) Patkai Bum
2) Naga hills
3) Khasi, Garo,
4) Mizo hills

India The Land Of Diversities Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 3.
Name the in the Eastern hill region.
Answer:

• Assam
• Nagaland
• Meghalaya
• Mizoram
• Arunachal Pradesh
• Manipur
• Sikkim
• Tripura

Sslc Geography Chapter 7 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Mark the mountain ranges belonging to the northern mountains in the outline map of India provided.
Answer:

India The Land Of Diversity Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 5.
Observe the figure and write down the Himalayan rivers, their tributaries, and the states through which they flow.

Answer:

India The Land Of Diversity In Geography Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 6.
Identify the states included in Northern Great Plains.
1. West Bengal
2. Bihar
3. ……….
4. ……….
Answer:
1. West Bengal
2. Bihar
3. Rajastan
4. Punjab
5. Uttarakhand
6. U.P
7. Assam

Scert Class 10 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 7.
Name the region where alluvial soil is found in India.
Answer:

• Northern great plains
• Coastal plains
• Riverbanks

Sslc Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 8.
In between which physiographic divisions is the Northern Great plains located?
Answer:
Between Northern mountains and peninsular plateau.

Hss Live Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 9.
The Northern Great Plains have a good network of roads, rail, and canals. Why?
Answer:
The Northern Great plains are formed by the alluvial deposits of Himalayan rivers. This is one of the largest alluvial plains of the world. Since it has a flat topography, construction of roads, rail and canals is easy.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus  Question 10.
The Marusthali-Bagar region of Rajasthan is least populated. Why?
Answer:
Marusthali-Bagar which constitutes the western part of Northern Great Plains receives very less rainfall. This has become a desert. The hottest place in India, Jaisalmer, is in this desert. Desert soil with rich salt content and less moisture content is found here. This soil is not suitable for agriculture. Shrubs and thorny plants grow here. Due to these, this region is least populated.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Chapter 7 Question 11.
Prepare a seminar paper on the topic: The Influence of Northern Great Plains in India’s Development.
Answer:
Northern Great Plains situated between Northern mountain system and Peninsular plateau play a decisive role in the economic development of India. Northern Great Plains is formed due to the continuous depositional activity of the Himalayan rivers. With several thousand kilometers of thickness, these plains spread to about 7 lakh km². This plain is one of the world’s most extensive alluvial plains. The plains are also known as Indo- Gangetic-Brahmaputra plain.

Alluvial soils are the major type of soil in there plains. There soils are highly fertile. So there plains are called the backbone of Indian agriculture. The Northern Plains are also known as the granary of India. Major crops cultivated here are wheat, maize, paddy, sugarcane, cotton and pulses. Fertile soils, flat land and the availability of waterthroughout the year attract people to these plains. So it is the most densely populates region in India. A variety of food crops and cash crops which add to the economic prosperity of India are produced here.

Along with agriculture, many agro-based industries and mineral-based industries are located here. The growth of industries paved the way for the emergence of many cities. The major Indian cities are located in these plains. The plains have well-connected road and railway network which help to transport goods to different parts of the country. The Great Plains are the birthplace of Indian culture. Many Hindu pilgrim centers are located here. Thus the Great Plains help in the cultural life of India also.

Sslc Social Science Malayalam Medium Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 12.
Mark the major features of the peninsular plateau in the outline map of India. Provides map of India
Answer:
Provides map of India

Social Notes For Class 10 State Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 13.
Observe the map (fig 8.2) and find out the rivers flowing through the peninsular plateau.

Answer:
Mahanadi
Godaveri, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada, Tapti

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 14.
Peninsular rivers and the direction flow:
Answer:

10th Social Science Notes Pdf State Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 15.
The Himalayan ranges are known as a natural barrier. What changes would have happened in India if this mountain range was not there? Explain with example.
Answer:
The Himalayan ranges influence the culture, economy, and climate of India. The Himalayan ranges run at a distance of about 2400 km from Kashmir to Indian border in the east.

• The Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain system, separates Indian subcontinent from the Asian continent and helped India from foreign aggression and the development of its own culture.
• Protects the North Indian states from severe cold by preventing the cold winds blowing from north Asian regions.
• It obstructs the monsoon winds and brings the whole of India under rainfall.
• The glaciers and ice fields in the Himalayan peaks are storehouse of freshwater. These are the sources of origin for the Himalayan rivers which help in the economic prosperity of India.
• Indo-Gangetic plains, formed by the alluvial deposits of these rivers are the backbone of India agriculture and the granary of India.
• The Himalayas is the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.
• This region with cool climate and beautiful natural scenery is a tourist paradise.
• In the absence of the Himalayas, all the above-mentioned factors would not have been available to India.

Social 10th Class Notes State Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 16.
What are the characteristics of Peninsular rivers compared to Himalayan rivers?
Answer:
Peninsular rivers have:

• Less catchment area
• Intensity of erosion is less
• Deep valleys are not formed because they flow through hard rocks.
• Less potential for inland navigation.
• Rainfed only

Question 17.
The Northern Great Plains are the most densely populated region in India. Give reason.
Answer:
Alluvial soil, the most fertile soil is found in the Great Plains. The Great Plain is known as the granary of India. The Himalayan rivers flowing through the plains provide water throughout the year. Flatland enables the construction of good network of roads and railways. India’s agriculture and industries are concentrated here. Road, rail and canal transport help to carry people and goods. Due to these rea¬sons, the Northern Great Plains are the most densely populated region in India.

Question 18.
Most of the peninsular river enters the plain by forming waterfalls. Why is it so?
Answer:
Most of the peninsular mountains and through the plateau regions. So when they enter the plain waterfalls are formed.

Question 19.
Complete the table showing details of Peninsular rivers.

Answer:

What Plants Grow on Mount Everest Question 20.
Name the highest waterfall in India.
Answer:
Jog falls in Saravathi river in Karnataka

10th Standard in India Question 21.
Using the indicators, complete the columns in the table.

Answer:

Average Height of Kerala Question 22.
The names of some major towns and cities situated along the river banks are given below. Prepare a. table in the given format by identify the river banks along which each is located. Also, locate these towns and cities in the outline map of India.
Answer:
New Delhi: Agra, Devaprayag, Varanasi, Allahabad, Patna, Guvaheti, Kolkata, Ludiyana, Srinagar, Ahamedabad, Surat, Vijayawada, Thiruchirapally, Tanjavur, Coorg.

Question 23.
Delta are commonly formed along the east coastal plain, but not along the west coastal plain, why is it so?
Answer:
When compared to the western coastal plain, eastern coastal is wider. So the east-flowing rivers at its lower coast flows through vast plains creating deltas.

Question 24.
Mark the Lakshadweep Islands and Andaman and Nicobar on the pep of India.
Answer:

Question 25.
Point out 2 features of desert soil.
Answer:

1. Rich salt content
2. Very little moisture content

Question 26.
Mark the answers to the following geoinformation in the outline map of India.

a) The southernmost Himalayan range
b) Major type of soil in Marusthali Bagar plain
c) Coromandel Coast
d) The southernmost point of India
Answer:
a) Siwalik
b) Desert soil
c) Coromandel Coast
d) Indira Point

Question 27.
From which state do the following rivers originate?
Narmada, Mahanadi, Tapti, Cauvery,
Krishna, Godavari
Answer:

Question 28.
The names of some rivers are given. List them as originating from the Himalayas and from the Western Ghats.
Jhelum, Cauvery, Yamuna, Krishna, Kosi, Godavari
Answer:

Question 29.
Why is Peninsular plateau called the storehouse of minerals?
Answer:

1. There are large deposits of different minerals occur in this area.
2. Iron ore, coal, manganese, bauxite, limestone, etc. are found.

Question 30.
Which are the river valleys in eastern coastal plain where paddy is cultivated on a large scale?
Answer:
River valleys of Cauvery, Krishna, Godavari, and Mahanadi
Climate:
In India like physiography climate also is diverse. Latitude, physiography nearness to ocean and attitude are the factors influencing the climate of India. In India seasons can be generally classified into winter season December, January, February. Summer: March, April, May, June, Southwest monsoon season June, July, August, September, Northeast monsoon season October, November, Summer, and winter is severe in north India. In peninsular India there is not much difference in the summer and winter temperature. Southwest monsoon brings plenty of rainfall to the western coast of India, whereas the coromandel coast receives rain from the northeast monsoon.

Question 31.
Which are the winter months in India?
Answer:
December, January, February

Question 32.
Coastal regions experience comparatively high temperatures. why?
Answer:
Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock. So the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land.

Question 33.
Which are the months of southwest monsoon season in India?
Answer:
June, July, August, September

Question 34.
Rainfall is comparatively less along the eastern slopes of the western ghats, why?
Answer:
The eastern slope of the western ghats lies to the law and side of the southwest monsoon. So this region has become a rain shadow region.

Question 35.
By what name is the southwest monsoon rain known in Kerala?
Answer:
‘Idavapathi’

Question 36.
What is the role of eastern high lands in the heavy rainfall in the northeastern states?
Answer:
The Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest Mon¬soon advances northward by absorbing more mois¬ture from the Bay of Bengal. Again it bifurcates and one branch
which turns towards northeastern states is blocked by the eastern highlands bringing plenty of rainfall.

Question 37.
‘What causes the rightward deflection of these winds?
Answer:
In the northern home, sphere winds deflect towards right due to the conolis effect and the southward movement of the sun.

Question 38.
By what name is the northeast monsoon rain known in Kerala?
Answer:
Thulavarsham

Question 39.
Observe the map on your textbook page 131 and answer the following questions.
i) Places receiving more than 200cm rainfall
ii) Places receiving less than 60cm rainfall
iii) Reason for the imbalance in the distribution of rainfall.
Answer:
i) Kerala, Northeastern states
ii) Rajasthan, Interior of Decan and the earth of the sahadris.
iii) Physiography, Distance from the sea

Question 40.
What is western disturbance? Write its benefit.
Answer:
During the cold-weather season of India, low pres¬sure systems develop over the Mediterranean sea and travel towards east under the influence of jet streams and enter India. This causes winter rainfall in North plains, especially in Punjab. This is known as western disturbance. This is most suitable for the cultivation of rabi crops like wheat and barley.

Question 41.
Explain ‘October heat’.
Answer:
The northeast monsoon season experienced in the months of October and November is an interval between rainy season and cold weather season. The high temperature and humidity experienced all over India during this time make the day time very un-comfortable or sultry. This phenomenon is called October heat.

Question 42.
Though northeast monsoon winds are dry, they cause heavy rainfall over the Coromandel coast of India. How?
Answer:
During the northeast monsoon period, low pressure areas are formed over the Bay of Bengal and attract air from land. The monsoon winds which blow from land to ocean get moisture from the Bay of Bengal and move in south-east direction. These winds cause heavy rainfall over the Coromandel coast.

Question 43.
Which are the different types of soil found in India?
Answer:

1. Alluvial soil
2. Black soil
3. Red soil
4. Laterite soil
5. Desert soil
6. Mountain soil

Question 44.
Complete the following flow chart.

Answer:

Question 45.
Mention the heights of
i) Mount Everest
ii) Mount K2
Answer:
i) 8848 m
ii) 8661 m

Question 46.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 47.
Regions close to oceans experience high temperatures during winter season. Why?
Answer:
Land gets heated up and cools quickly than ocean. Land experiences high pressure during winter season and ocean low pressure. The dense air from regions lying close to ocean move to less dense air area of ocean. This reduces the cold of those places.

Question 48.
During southwest monsoon period, less rainfall is experienced on the east of Western Ghats. Why?
Answer:
The Western ghats obstruct the rain-bearing Arabian sea branch of southwest monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall on the western margins in the state of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra. But the east of Western Ghats receives only less rainfall. This is because by the time the monsoon winds cross the Western Ghats and reach the east, the moisture content in them will be lost. This is the reason why Tamil Nadu gets scanty rainfall during southwest monsoon period while Kerala receives heavy rainfall. The eastern part of Western Ghats is a rain shadow region.

Question 49.
What are the reasons for regional distribution of rainfall in India?
Answer:

1. Physiography
2. Location of mountain ranges
3. Nearness to oceans
4. Distance from oceans
5. Direction of wind.
6. Extent of land

Question 50.
How is India divided on the basis of the distribution of rainfall?
Answer:

• Heavy rainfall regions (above 200 ems): West coast plains, northeastern states and sonic parts in the Himalayan regions.
• High rainfall regions (between 100 and 200 ems): Western Ghats regions, most parts of North Indian Plains, Northeastern parts of Peninsular India and northeastern regions.
• Moderate rainfall regions (between 60 and 100 ems): Southwest of Kashmir, Malwa Plateau, Deccan Plateau and central parts of Tamil Nadu.
• Low rainfall regions (below 60 ems): Rajasthan, western parts of Gujarat, central parts of Deccan Plateau and northern parts of Kashmir.

Question 51.
What are the peculiarities of Lakshadweep?
Answer:

• Located in the Arabian Sea about 300 kms away from Kochi.
• Consists of 36 islands.
• Only 11 islands are inhabited
• Kavarathi is the capital of Lakshadweep
• Lagoons, sandy shores, and coral reefs are present.
• Agriculture is only namesake and people mainly depend on sea for livelihood.
• Fishing and tourism are the main sources of incomb.

Question 52.
Write the peculiarities of Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Answer:

1. Situated in the Bay of Bengal.
2. Consist of two groups of islands – Andaman with 200 islands and Nicobar with 19 islands.
3. Majority of the islands are uninhabited.
4. Most of them have thick forests.
5. The only volcano of India is situated in the Barren island here. –
6. Port Blair is the capital.

Question 53.
Complete the following table showing the features of soils in India.

Answer:


Indira Point which is the southern tip of Nicobar islands is treated as the southernmost part of India.

Question 54.
Which are the two branches of southwest monsoon winds? Identify the regions where they cause rainfall.
Answer:
Due to the peculiar shape of the Indian peninsula, the southwest monsoon winds enter India by bifurcating into two branches -Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.

Arabian Sea Branch:
The Arabian sea branch which reaches Kerala coast by the beginning of June gives heavy rainfall in the western parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra.

Bay of Bengal branch:
The Bay of Bengal branch which absorbs moisture from Bay of Bengal advances through Sundarban delta and enters West Bengal and bifurcates into two. One branch enters the Brahmaputra plains and gives heavy rainfall in the northeastern states. Khasi, Garo hills obstruct the winds to cause rainfall.

The other branch enters the Ganga plains and gives rainfall in the states of West Bengal, Bihar, and Utter Pradesh. This branch joins with the Arabian Sea branch in the Punjab plain, moves northward and gives heavy rainfall in the foothills of the Himalayas.

Question 55.
The highest peak in India is ………………
Answer:
Mount K2

Question 56.
After studying the features of Indian coastal regions, Suresh said that eastern coast is entirely different form western coast
a) Do you agree with this?
b) Why?
Answer:
a) Yes, I agree
b) The reasons are given below.

Question 57.
Prepare a short description about the Northern Mountain region.
Answer:
These mountain ranges starting from the northwest of Kashmir and extending up to the eastern boundary of India is known as the Northern Mountains. This mountain range is classified into Trans Himalayas, Himalayas and Eastern Highlands.

Question 58.
Prepare a description about the Himalayas.
Answer:
The Himalayan mountain ranges extend between the Trans Himalayas and the eastern high lands. These mountain ranges have a length of 2400 km. Many of the world’s highest peaks are situated here. The height of these mountains tends to decrease towards the east. The physical division extending over 5 lakh sq.km, comprises of three parallel mountain ranges.

Question 59.
What are the features of Himadri, which is part of Himalayas?
Answer:

1. The highest mountain range.
2. Average altitude is 6000 meters.
3. Origin of the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra has a number of peaks above 8000 meters.

Question 60.
Differentiate Himachal from Himadri and Siwalik.
Answer:
Situated to the south of the Himadri Average altitude is 3000 mts. The hill stations like Shimla, Darjeeling, etc. are situated in the southern slopes of this range.

Question 61.
What are the features of Siwalik?
Answer:

1. Situated to the south of the Himachal.
2. Average altitude is 1220 meters.
3. As the Himalayan rivers cut across this range, its continuity breaks at many places. Broad flat valleys seen
4. along these ranges are called Duns.

Question 62.
Cherrapunji, the place receiving the highest rainfall in the world is located in which mountain?
Answer:
Eastern highlands/ Poorvachal

Question 63.
On which mountain range are the hill stations like Shimla and Darjeeling?
a. Himadri
b. Himachal
c. Siwalik
d. Poorvachal
Answer:
b. Himachal

Question 64.
What are ‘Duns
Answer:
Broad flat valleys formed as Himalayan rivers cut across this range are called Duns.

Question 65.
Identify the correct statements related to Himalayas rivers.
a. Comparatively smaller catchment area.
b. Extensive catchment area.
c. Intensity of erosion is less.
d. Intensive erosion
(i) ‘a’ and ‘c’ are correct
(ii) ‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct
(iii) ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct
(iv) ‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct,
Answer:
‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct

Question 66.
On which coasted plain do deltas are formed?
Answer:
Eastern coastal plain

Question 67.
What is ‘October heat’?
Answer:
During October-November, which is the transition period between the rainy season to winter. During this time the days become unbearable due to high temperature
and humidty. This phenomenon is known as October heat.

Question 68.
Which Monsoon season brings rainfall to the coromandel coast?
Answer:
North-East Monsoon/ Retreating Monsoon.

Question 69.
The Himalayan ranges are known as a natural bar¬rier. What changes would have happened in India if this mountain range was not there? Explain with example.
Answer:
The Himalayan ranges influence the culture, economy, and climate of India. The Himalayan ranges run at a distance of about 2400 km from Kashmir to Indian border in the east.

• The Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain system, separates Indian subcontinent from the Asian continent and helped India from foreign aggression and the development of its own culture.
• Protects the North Indian states from severe cold by preventing the cold winds blowing from north Asian regions.
• It obstructs the monsoon winds and brings the whole of India under rainfall.
• The glaciers and ice fields in the Himalayan peaks are storehouse of freshwater. These are the sources of origin for the Himalayan rivers which help in the economic prosperity of India.
• Indo-Gangetic plains, formed by the alluvial deposits of these rivers, are the backbone of India agriculture and the granary of India.
• The Himalayas is the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.
• This region with cool climate and beautiful natural scenery is a tourist paradise.
• In the absence of the Himalayas, all the above-mentioned factors would not have been available to India. ‘

Question 70.
Distinguish between Himalayan rivers and Penisular rivers.
Answer:

Question 71.
What are the characteristics of Peninsular rivers compared to Himalayan rivers?
Answer:
Peninsular rivers have:

• Less catchment area
• Intensity of erosion is less
• Deep valleys are not formed because they flow through hard rocks.
• Less potential for inland navigation.
• Rainfed only

Question 72. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Given is the map showing the direction of monsoon winds. Observe the map and prepare a description based on the hints given.

1. Monsoon season
2. Nature of winds
Answer:
South-west monsoon winds enter the Indian subcontinent after bifurcating due to the peculiar shape of peninsular India. The Arabian sea branch enters the western coast and brings rainfall to the western coasted area. The Bay of Bengal branch enters India through odishe and Sudarban delta and again bifurcates and brings rainfall to northeastern.

Question 73. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Identify the rivers hinted below and write any two features of them.
a) River originating from the Chema-yung-dung glacier in the Kaila’s ranges.
b) One of the major tributaries is Yamuna
Answer:
Brahmaputra flows through Tibet first and enters India and flow 725KM through India and enters Bangladesh Ganga is the longest river flowing through India. It joins Brahmaputra after entering Bangladesh.

Question 74. (Qn. Pool-2017)
While comparing it is understood that the Himalayan Rivers are quite different from the Peninsular rivers in every respect. Substantiate.
Answer:

Question 75. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the factors causing variations in the cli¬mate experienced in India?
Answer:

1. Latitude
2. Physiography
3. Nearness to ocean
4. Attitude

Question 76. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Describe the characteristics of the different seasons in India.
Answer:
Major seasons experienced in India are

• Winter season from December to February. During this time extreme cold and snowfall in the Himalayan region is usual. Due to the origin of cyclone the Mediterranean and its shift towards eart under the influenced of the stream brings rainfall in Punjab and Hariyana known as the western disturbance.
• Summer season: Summer months are March to June in India. During this time extreme heat is experienced in rest India.
• Southwest monsoon season: This is the highest rainfall season in India. Sun is in the northern hemisphere low-pressure area increated and as a result wind defect right and reach Indians sub continued.
• Northeast monsoon season. By the end of September, then sun is in the southern hemisphere low pressure is created over bay of Bengal and the Monsoon winds deflect right and blow from the northeast directions.

Question 77.
Write notes by mentioning the major soil types and the major crops cultivated in the northern plains as well as in the peninsular plateau.
Answer:

Question 78. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Name the branches of southwest monsoon bifurcated by the Indian peninsula. How do these branches influence the climate of India?
Answer:
Arabian sea branch. The Arabian sea branch reaches the coast of Kerala by early June comes heavy rainfall in the western coastal areas. The Bay of Bengal branch of the Southwest

Question 79. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the location of India based on latitudes and longitudes.
Answer:
Between the latitudes 8° 4′ North and 37° 25′ North latitudes.
Between the longitudes 68° 7′ East and 97° 25′ East longitudes.

Question 80. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The names of a few mountain ranges are given below. Categorize and tabulate them suitably, TransHimalayas, Himalayas, Eastern mountains.
a) Karakoram
b) Jaintia
c) Himachal
d) Shiwalik
e) Ladak
f) Naga hills
Answer:

Question 81. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write notes on the Himalayan rivers based on the given hints.
1. Origin
2. Tributaries
3. Length
4. States through which they flow
5. Sea to which they join
Answer:
1. Indus – Manasarovar lake – 2280 km – Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej – Jammu & Kashmir
2. Ganga – Gangothri Glacier/Gaumukh caves – 2500 km – Yamuna, Son, Ghaghra, Kosi, Gandak – Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal- Bay of Bengal
3. Brahmaputra – Chema-Yung-dung glacier – 2900 km – Tista, Manaas, Luni, Subansiri – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam

Question 82. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the physiographic divisions between which the Northern Great Plains are situated?
Answer:
Between the Northern mountains/ Himalayas and the Peninsular plateau.

Question 83. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which is the most common soil type found in the Northern Great Plains and in the coastal plains?
Answer:
Alluvial soil

Question 84. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The road, rail and canal network in India is largely concentrated in the Northern plains. Why?
Answer:

• Extensive and level topography
• High density of population.
• Necessity of various means of transportation for agriculture, industry, etc.

Question 85. (Qn. Pool -2017)
The role of Northern plains is decisive in the agricultural economy of India. Do you agree with the statement? Why?
Answer:

• Fertile alluvial soil – water availability – favorable climate.
• Wheat, rice, maize, sugar cane, cotton, pulses, etc. are largely cultivated here.
• The Northern plains is also known as the granary of India.

Question 86.(Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the major mountain ranges within the Peninsular plateau?
Answer:
Vindhya, Satpura, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Aravallies, etc.

Question 87. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Identify the physiographic division from where the following rivers originate and flow. Classify these rivers as east-flowing rivers and west-flowing rivers. Narmada, Mahanadi, Godawari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tapti
Answer:

1. Peninsular plateau
2. East-flowing – Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
3. West-flowing – Narmada, Tapti

Question 88. (Qn. Pool-2017)
A few peninsular rivers flow northwards and join river Yamuna and river Ganga. – Identify the rivers.
Answer:
1. River joining Ganga-Son
2. Rivers joining Yamuna – Chambal, Betwa, and Ken

Question 89. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the major peninsular rivers? Describe them based on the elements – like origin, direction of flow, length, tributaries, states through which they flow and the sea to which joins.
Answer:

• Mahanadi – Maikala ranges – East flowing – 857 km – lb, Tel – Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha – Bay of Bengal
• Godavari – Nasik district in Maharashtra – East-flowing – 1465 km – Indravathi, Sabari – Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh – Bay of Bengal
• Krishna – Mahabaleswar hills – East-flowing – 1400 km – Bhima, Thungabhadra – Maharashtra, Andhrapradesh Bay of Bengal
• Kaveri – Brahmagiri hills – 800 km – East-flowing – Kabani, Amaravathi, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Bay of Bengal
• Narmada – Maikala ranges – 1312 km – West¬flowing – Hiran, Banjan – Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat-Arabian Sea
• Tapti – Muntai plateau – 724 km – West-flowing – Anar, Girna – Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra – Arabian Sea

Question 90. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Waterfalls are usually created along peninsular rivers. Give reason.
Answer;

1. The edges of the plateau remain elevated from the surroundings
2. The rivers enter the coastal plains from the plateau by creating waterfalls along these edges.

Question 91. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Deltas are not formed along the west coastal plain as that of east coastal plain. Why?
Answer:

1. West-flowing rivers are comparatively small.
2. Smaller amounts of sediments are deposited.

Question 92. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Distribution of rainfall is not uniform everywhere in India. List out the geographical factors influencing the distribution of rainfall.
Answer:

• Physiography
• Latitudinal location
• Nearness to sea
• Altitude
• Direction of winds (any 4)

Question 93. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write down the location of physiographic divisions of India with respect to the other physiographic divisions.
Answer:

• Northern mountains – North of the Northern great plain
• Northern Great plain – Between the Peninsular plateau and the Northern mountains.
• Peninsular plateau – Between the Northern plains and the Coastal plains
• Coastal plains – Between the peninsular plateau and the coastal plains.

Question 94. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The Northern mountain region consists of a number of mountain ranges. Which are those mountain ranges?
Answer:

• Trans Himalayas – Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar
• Himalayas – Himadri, Himachal, Siwalik
• Eastern hills – Patkaibum, Naga hills, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia hills, Meso hills.

Question 95. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Each mountain ranges in the Himalayas consists of distinct features. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:
1. Himadri – i. Average height 6000 m
ii. The major rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, etc.
iii. Comprises the peaks like Kanjanjunga, Nandadevi, etc.
2. Himachal – i. Average height 3000 m
ii. Comprises major hill stations like
iii. – Shimla, Darjeeling, etc.
3. Siwaliks – i. Average height 1220 m
ii. The continuity breaks at many places as the rivers cut across them
iii. Broad and flat valleys called Dunes

Question 96. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The types of vegetation in the Himalaya mountain region varies with altitude. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:

• The trees such as oak, chestnut, maple, etc. at an altitude between 1000 and 2000 meters.
• Coniferous trees such as deodar, fir, etc. are grown beyond 2000 meters.

Question 97. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the peculiar features of eastern hills?
Answer:

• At an altitude of about 500 to 3000 meters.
• Cherrapunji, the place receiving the highest rainfall in the world is located here.
• Dense tropical evergreen forests.

Question 98. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which is the most common soil type in the northern mountain region? Mention its characteristics.
Answer:

• Mountain soil
• Black or brown in color, High fertility

Question 99. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a description on the human life in the Northern mountain region.
Answer:

• Animal rearing – sheep are reared on commercial basis in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, etc.
• Agriculture – Potato, barley, saffron, apple, orange, tea, etc. are cultivated in the Siwaliks ranges.
• Tourism – Shimla, Darjeeling, Kulu, Manali, etc. are the hill stations in the Himachal range.

Question 100. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the influence of Northern mountains in the climate and human life of India.
Answer:

• Protects to a certain extent from the foreign invasion from the north since ancient times.
• Causes rainfall throughout north India by blocking the monsoon winds.
• Prevents the cold winds blowing from the north from entering India.
• Place of diverse flora and fauna.
• The source region of major north Indian rivers.

Question 101. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why is the Northern plains called as ‘the granary of India’?
Answer:

• Availability of fertile soil and water are favorable for agriculture.
• Crops like wheat, rice, maize, sugar cane, cotton, pulses, etc. are largely cultivated here.

Question 102. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a note by explaining the geographical features of western part of the Northern plains.
Answer:

• Dry desert soil
• Thrones and shrubs
• Meager rainfall.

Question 103. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The Peninsular plateau is a physiographic division with some unique characteristics. Which are these characteristics?
Answer:

• Hard crystalline rocks
• Most extensive and old landform
• Area of 15 sq. km
• Storehouse of minerals
• Presence of black soil

Question 104. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the soils found along the peninsular plateau? Explain their peculiarities.
Answer:

• Black soil, Red soil, Laterite soil
• Peculiar features of each soil type

Question 105. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Complete the table by incorporating the information related to the given Himalayan Rivers.

Answer:

Question 106. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the factors influencing the climate of India?
Answer:

• Latitude
• Physiography
• Nearness to sea
• Altitude (any 3)

Question 107. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the season during which the climatic phenomenon called western disturbance occur and explains the formation.
Answer:

• Winter
• The low pressure originating over the Mediterranean Sea moves eastwards due to the jet streams and reaches India. This causes rainfall in the northern plains, especially in the Punjab region.

Question 108. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Give reasons for the regional variation in the distribution of the south-west monsoon rains.
Answer:

1. Rainfall is maximum along the windward slopes of the mountains. Thus the western side of the Western Ghats, the eastern highlands, and rain.
2. As the amount of moisture decreases with the advancement of Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch, the amount of rainfall decreases from the coast towards the interior.
3. The eastern slopes of the Western Ghats is rain shadow region.

Question 109. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the characteristic features of north-east monsoon season?
Answer:

1. Retreating monsoon season
2. High temperature and humidity makes the days unbearable (October heat)
3. Heavy rain along the Tamil Nadu coast
4. Rain also occurs along Kerala and Karnataka

Question 110. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Compare the characteristic features of Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.
Answer:

Question 111. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Ken, Kabani, Sabari, and Tista are some of the tributary rivers. Mention the main rivers to which these tributaries join.
Answer:
Ken — Ganga
Kabani — Kaveri
Sabari — Godavari
Tista — Brahmaputra

Question 112. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Mark and label the below mentioned geoinformation in the outline map of India.
a) River originated from the Maikala ranges and joins the Bay of Bengal
b) Plateau formed by volcanic activity
c) The southernmost major seaport.
d) The mountain range south-east of Thar Desert
Answer:
a) Mahanadi
b) Deccan plateau
c) Tuticorin
d) Aravalli ranges (These features are to be marked and labeled in map)

Question 113. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Compare the Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rives based on the given hints.
1. Intensity of erosion
2. Water availability
3. Catchment area
4. Navigational potential
Answer:

Question 114. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write anyone peculiar feature each for Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik.
Answer:
1. Himadri — i. Average height 6000 m.
ii. The major rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, etc.
iii. Comprises the peaks like Kanjanjunga, Nandadevi, etc.
2. Himachal — i. Average height 3000 m
ii. Comprises major hill stations – Shimla, Darjeeling, etc.
3. Siwaliks — i. Average height 1220 m
ii. The continuity breaks at many places as the rivers cut across
iii. Broad flat valleys called Dunes

Question 115. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Observe the map and answer the questions.
a) Identify the physiographic divisions marked as a, b, c and d.
b) Write any one characteristic feature of each of them.

Answer:
a) Northern Mountains
b) Peninsular plateau
c) East coastal plain
d) Northern plains

Question 116. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Observe the map and answer the questions.
a) Identify the physiographic divisions marked as A.
b) Write any 2 features of this physiographic division.

Question 117. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain how the Himalayan mountain ranges influence the culture and life of people of India.
Answer:

• Protects us to a certain extent from the foreign invasion from the north since ancient times.
• Causes rainfall throughout north India by blocking the monsoon winds.
• Prevents the cold winds blowing from the north from entering India and protects north India from severe cold.
• Place of diverse flora and fauna
• The source region of major north Indian rivers.

Question 118. (Qn. Pool- 2017)
Identify the major rivers marked as A, B, C and D in the given map and classify them as Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.

Answer:
A. Ganga, B. Kaveri, C. Brahmaputra, D. Tapti

1. Ganga, Brahmaputra – Himalayan rivers
2. Kaveri, Tapti – Peninsular rivers

Question 119. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Identify the physiographic divisions situated between the Arabian Sea and the ‘Western Ghats as well as between the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Ghats.
Answer:

• West coastal plain and the East coastal plain respectively.
• East coast stretches from Sundarbans to Kanyakumari.
• West coast stretches from Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari.

Question 120. (Qn. Pool-2017)
In the given flow chart showing the divisions of the northern mountains identify what a, b, c, d, e and f represents.

Answer:
a) Himadri
b) Siwalik
c) Ladak
d) Zaskar
e) Khasi
f) Jaintia/Patkaibum

Question 121. (Qn. Pool-2017)
While the western parts of the Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall during the south-west monsoon, the eastern slopes receive little rainfall. Why?
Answer:

• As the Western Ghats block is the monsoon winds coming from the southwest direction, the western slopes receive heavy rain.
• As the winds reaching the eastern side become dry, gives little rain.

Question 122. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the factors causing variations in the climate experienced in India?
Answer:
Any two factors

Question 123. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a note on the features distinguishing the west coastal plain from the east coastal plain.
Answer:
Features of west coastal plain

• Comparatively narrow
• Lakes and backwaters can be found
• Divided into Gujarat coast, Konkan coast and Malabar coast
• Between the Arabian sea and the Western ghats
• Extends from Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari (any 4)

Question 124. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write any four factors responsible for diverse climatic conditions experienced in different parts of India with one example each.
Answer:
Latitude, Himalayan mountain range, nearness to sea, winds, distance from the sea, physiography, altitude (any .4 with one example each)

Question 125. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the reasons for uneven distribution of rainfall in India?
Answer:
Nearness to sea, distance from the sea, location of mountains, direction of winds, extent of the land (any 3)

Question 126. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Describe the characteristics of the different seasons in India.
Answer:

• Winter seasons – characteristics
• Summer season – characteristics
• Southwest monsoon season – description
• Northeast monsoon – description

Question 127. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Alluvial soil is dominant in most parts of the Northern Plains. Why?
Answer:
The alluvium brought down by the rivers Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus and their tributaries from the Himalayas are deposited here.

Question 128. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write notes by mentioning the major soil types and the major crops cultivated in the northern plains as well as in the peninsular plateau.
Answer:

• Northern plains – Major soil types and crops
• Peninsular plateau – Major soil types and crops

Question 129. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the branches of southwest monsoon bifurcated by the Indian peninsula. How do these branches influence the climate of India?
Answer:

• Arabian sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.
• Mention the advancement of Bay of Bengal branch and its influence.
• Mention the advancement of Arabian Sea branch and its influence.

Question 130. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the names of any two peninsular rivers and anyone tributary for each.
Answer:

• Mahanadi/Godavari/Krishna/Kaveri/Narmada/ Tapti (any 2)
• Anyone tributary for the rivers mentioned.

Question 131. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a seminar paper on the topic ‘the role of geographical factors in the life of Indians.’
Answer:

• Life of people in different physiographic divisions.* Influence of the climatic types in the life of Indians
• The role of rivers in the life of Indians.

Question 132. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Compare the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon experienced in India based on the given hints.
1. Formation
2. Places receiving rainfall
Answer:
The sudden heating of th,e land compared to the sea results in the formation of a low-pressure region. This difference in pressure causes the winds to blow from the Indian Ocean to the land. The southeast winds in the southern hemisphere become southwest winds on reaching the northern hemisphere due to Coriolis effect -Southwest monsoon As a result of the cooling of land areas in the northern hemisphere compared to the surrounding oceans the pressure increases. This difference in pressure causes the winds to blow from the northeast in the northern hemisphere. The northeast monsoon causes rainfall in Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Kerala.

Question 133. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The role of physiography is decisive in the life of people in India.
Answer:

• Based on the topographic characteristics India can be divided into Northern mountain regions, Northern Great Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal plains, and Islands.
• Mention the influence of Northern plains in the life of Indians. (Food crops, sugarcane, cities, and towns, industrial centers, densely populated regions)
• Mention the role of Northern mountains in the life of Indians
• Mention the life of people in the Peninsular plateau, (mineral deposits, industrial centers)
• Mention the influence of coastal plains and islands in life of people (fertile soil, nuclear power production, and fishing).

Question 134. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the flowchart.

Answer:
a) Himalayas,
b) Eastern Highlands
c. Karakoram
D. Ladakh
F. Zaskar
I. Shiwalik
J. Patkaibum
H. Himachal
K. Naga hills
L. Garo, Khasi, Jaintia hills

Question 135. (Orukkam-2017)
Find out the main features of the Himalayan ranges and complete the following chart.

Answer:

Question 136. (Orukkam-2017)
The northern mountains play a very important role in molding the climax and human life of India, justify
1. Have been protecting as from foreign invasions
2. ………………………
Answer:
1. Block the monsoon winds and cause rainfall.
2. Prevent the cold dry wind from entering the north Indian plains.
3. Caused the emergence of diverse flora and fauna.
4. Source region of rivers.

Question 137. (Orukkam – 2017)
Compare the Himalayan rivers with peninsular rivers and complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 138. (Orukkam – 2017)
Find out the major Himalayan rivers, the states through which they flow and their tributaries with the help of an atlas.
Answer:
Refer atlas

Question 139. (Orukkam-2017)
List out the major characteristic features of the Northern great plains.
Answer:

• it is one of the intensive alluvial plains in the world
• One of the most densely populated regions in the world
• Known as the granary of India.

Question 140. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the following table

Answer:

Question 141. (Orukkam-2017)
List out the soil types in India.
Answer:

1. Alluvial Soil
2. Desert Soil
3. Black soil
4. Mountain Soil
5. Red Soil
6. Laterite Soil

Question 142. (Orukkam- 2017)
List out the factors controlling the climate of India.
Answer:

1. Altitude
2. Latitude
3. Physiography
4. Nearness to sea

Question 143. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out the four seasons in India.
Answer:

1. Winter Season
2. southwest monsoon
3. Summer Season
4. North-East monsoon

Question 144. (Orukkam-2017)
Prepare a brief note on western disturbances
Answer:

1. The Cyclones originates from Mediterranean sea during winter season.
2. Gradually they shift towards east and reach India.
3. Causes rainfall in the northern plains especially in the Punjab region.

Question 145. (Orukkam-2017)
Compare the southwest monsoon season with the northeast monsoon season and complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 146. (Orukkam-2017)
The distribution of rainfall is not uniform everywhere. Find out the reason.
Answer:

1. Physiography
2. Location
3. Nearness to the sea

Question 147. (Orukkam- 2017)
Find out the major Himalayan rivers, the states through which the flow and their tributary with the help of an atlas.
Answer:

Question 148. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out the major characteristic features of the peninsular plateau.
1. The most extensive physical division of India
2.
Answer:

1. Made of hard crystalline rock forms
2. The oldest division in India.
3. It has varied topography
4. Known as the storehouse of minerals.
5. Fertile black soil forced from the disintegrations of leave rocks.

Question 149. (Orukkam-2017)
Locate the peninsular river with the help of a map. List out the characteristic features of peninsular rivers to complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 150. (Orukkam – 2017)
Compare the western castal plain with the eastern coastal plain and complete the following table.

Answer:

You can Download India after Independence Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 8 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 8 Kerala towards Modernity Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 8 Notes

The European domination in Kerala began with the arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th century. The Europeans who came for trade eventually became the rulers. The arrival of the Europeans had its impact on various fields. Among the Europeans who came to Kerala, it was the English who established a suzerainty here. Various sections of people conducted resistance struggle against the English domination and their exploitation. Even though the British suppressed this resistance, it enhanced the national spirit of the Indians. The English designed a colonial economy also.

Kerala towards Modernity Question 1. Conduct a discussion on the arrival of Europeans to Kerala and the objectives for their arrival.
Answer:
The Portuguese were the first European team arrived in Kerala. They came to Kozhikode in 1498 and wanted Samoothiri to exclude the Arab traders. As Samoothiri denied this demand, they shifted to Kochi. The Dutch team arrived and expected the Portuguese from Kerala in 1663. The Dutch were defeated by Marthanda Varma in 1741 in Kulachil war. Another European power France was also defeated by the English force in the Karnatic war. All these European powers came to Kerala to enrich their trade relation. However, only the English could withstand. Finally, the trade monopoly came to the hand of the English force.

Kerala Towards Modernity Sslc Notes 10th Question 2.
Explain the circumstances how Malabar Kochi and Travancore were brought under East India Company. Prepare a note.
Answer:
Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan from Mysore arrived in Kerala when the land was administered by local rulers and chieftains. Tipu took over the control of Malabar. The rulers of Kochi and Travancore sought the help of the British to save their states from Tipu’s invasion. Henceforth, it was in the English East India Company that the local chieftains found their hope. The rulers of Kochi and Travancore, too, considered the British as their savior.

The Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley enabled the British to bring the native states under their control easily. The British ruled Malabar directly according to the terms of the Treaty of Srirangapattnam. Travancore and Kochi accepted the paramountcy of the British.

Kerala towards Modernity SSLC Question 3. Prepare a table showing early rebellion against the British and their leaders.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 4.
Observe the table and summarise your findings about Kerala’s foreign trade

Answer:

• Kerala exported products for industries in Britain and markets in Europe.
• Spices occupied important place in Kerala’s ex-port.
• Finished products were the major import items.

Kerala towards Modernity Notes Question 5. Point out the steps taken by the British to enhance trade facilities and their effects.
Answer:
The British amended trade policies prevailed in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore favorable to them. Improved the transportation facilities by constructing more roads, bridges, and railways. Developed ports in Kochi, Kozhikode, and Alappuzha to facilitate water transportation.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Malayalam Medium Question 6.
Analyze the changes taken place in agriculture sector as a result of commercialization.
Answer:
The British government encouraged cultivation aim-ing their markets. The encouraged coconut cultivation since there was demand for coconut products in foreign markets. In hill areas cash crops like coffee, tea, rubber were cultivated in large volumes. Majority of these plantations belonged to the British. In short, Kerala was made a place of commercial crop cultivation.

Kerala Towards Modernity Pdf 10th Question 7.
Prepare a note on plantation and traditional industries developed in different parts of Kerala and the factors that contributed to their growth.
Answer:
Plantation and traditional industries — Region
Tea, coffee, rubber — Wayanad, Idukki
Coconut oil, coir — Alappuzha
Cashewnut — Kollam
Tile Faroke — Kollam, Olloor
Handloom — Kannur, Kozhikode
Beedi — Kannur

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Prepare a flow chart showing industrial progress during the British period.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 9.
Narrate the circumstances for the development of English Medicine in Kerala.
Answer:
The spread of contagious diseases was responsible for gaining importance to this system of medicine in Kerala. “English Medicine” was very effective in preventing contagious diseases like smallpox and cholera which took away the lives of many thousands. There was a time when people dreaded vaccination against smallpox. The royal family of Travancore came forward to create an atmosphere among people conducive to the preventive measures by accepting vaccination against smallpox.

The princes of Travancore and Cochin created facilities for preventive measures and thus took a position different from the areas directly under the British rule. They established hospitals and extended facilities for treatment in attempts useful to people. Travancore registered much progress in this field through adopting a scientific policy of public health, by ensuring healthcare. at low cost, by facilitating education, etc.

The social reformers played a crucial role in the formation of modern Kerala. They could eradicate the social evils, superstitions and the inequality existed in the society. There were many struggles in Kerala which opposed the isolation of civil rights.

Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Evaluate how the activities of renaissance leaders brought social changes in Kerala.
Answer:

• Gave practical form to social change.
• Works of renaissance leaders for the creation of modem Kerala.
• Influence among’ the social workers of the later period.
• The activities against superstitions and caste system led to social transformation

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Question 11.
Evaluate the role of channar Revolt, Vaikkom Satyagraha, and Guruvayursatyagraha to bring about social change in Kerla.
Answer:
social change. The Channar women of southern Travancore fought for the right to cover their upper body. As a result, Uthram Thirunnai Maharaja was forced to permit the channar women to weer jackets in 1859.

The Vaikkom Satyagraha (1924), led by T.K. Madhavan was one of the major struggles that took place in Kerala for claiming the right to travel. Ex-pressing solidarity with the satyagraha, Mannath Padmanabhan organized the Savarna Jatha. Following this struggle, the lower castes secured permission to travel through the reads around the Vaikom temple.

Similarly under the leadership of K. Kelappan, an agitation was launched demanding entry for all castes of kindly into Guruvayoortemple (1931) A.K. Gopalan was the volunteer captain of this struggle. P. Krishna Pillai was callously attacked during this satyagraha. Following these popular protests, the temple entry proclamation was announced on 12 November 1936 in Travancore.

The national struggle which held for India’s independence was strong in Kerala also. The national struggle was so strong in Malabar because Malabar was under the direct control of the British. But the struggle was strong in Kochi and Travancore also. Along with Indian National Congress, the Khilafat movement, Kochi Rajya Prajamadalam, and the community’s party strengthened India’s national struggle for independence.

Std 10 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Prepare a flow chart comprising the important political protests that took place in Malabar, Travancore, and Kochi.
Answer:
The national movement in Kerala looked a unified form as the state was not administratively united.

Malabar:

Kochi:

The formation of Kerala was the ultimate result of various factors combining together. Modern Kerala is a model even to the world in various fields. Public health, public instruction, public distribution system, public transport, literacy activities, decentralization of power, etc., are certain examples for these achievements

Kerala Syllabus 10th Social Science Question 13.
Analyze the circumstances that led to the formation of the united Kerala.
Answer:
The Congress to set up state Congress Committees on linguistic basis. Taking it is into consideration the first Kerala state political conference was held at Ottappalam in 1921 under the presidentship of T. Prakasam. Later Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee came into existence uniting Travancore, Kochi and Malabar regions. The Payyannur Congress conference chaised by Jawaharlal Nehru conceded a resolution demanding the reorganization of Kerala as a distinctive state after independence.

The United Kerala Resolution was passed both in the united Kerala conventions held at Thrissur and Aluva in 1947. Consequently the state of Thirukochi was formed on I July 1949 by joining Travancore and Kochi. E.M.S. Namboodiripad in his book, ‘Onnekalkodi Malayalikal’, placed the idea that the Kerala state was to be formed combining the Malayalam speaking regions. The state of Kerala came into existence on I November 1956 unifying Malabar, Kochi, and Thiruvitamkur as per the recommendation of the state recognization commission.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Question 14.
Prepare a magazine collecting information from various sources on the achievement of Kerala in the field of land reform, public health, education, etc.,
Answer:
land reform, public health, education, decentralization of power, etc., are the important fields where Kerala achieved tremendous progress. These are the major features of Kerala. Through land reforms, restriction was made land available to the landless. District- table-Primary health centers and government medical colleges are examples for the progress achieved

Let Us Assess

10th Class Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Match the following:

Answer:

10th Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
How did English East India get dominance in Kerala?
Answer:
There was lack of unity among the provinces in Kerala. The company could therefore easily suppress the resistance of people in Kerala. They also started educational institutions and hospitals. All these helped them to establish domination in Kerala.

10th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 17.
Complete the list by finding out the persons related to the events given from the names given in brackets.

(Dr. Palpu, GP. Pillai, Pazhassiraja, K. Kelapan, K.B. Menon, Sreenarayana Guru, Veluthampi Dawala, T.K. Madhavan)
Answer:
Kundra Proclamation : Veluthampi Dawala
Vaikkam Satyagraha : T.K. Madhavan
GuruvayoorSatyagraha : K. Kelapan
Keezhariyoor Bomb case : K.B. Menon
Malayali Memorial : G.P. Pillai

Social Science Notes Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 18.
List out the reformation movements and prorwara swcwiopws in Kerala to eradicate social inequalities and evils.
Answer:

Strikes: Channar Revolt, Vaikkom satyagraha, Guru vayoor satyagraha.

Kerala Towards Modernity In Malayalam 10th Question 19.
National movement in Kerala had no uniformity. Find out the reasons.
Answer:
The national movement in Kerala locked a unified form as the state was not administratively united. The British ruled the Malabar region directly, whereas Kochi and Travancore were indirectly ruled through the president. Because of this reason, political agitations were not active in Kochi and Travancore as in Malabar.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Notes Question 20.
Give a detailed account of the events that led to the united Kerala.
Answer:

• The Nagpur session of the Congress held in 1920.
• The first Kerala State Political Conference held ofOttapalam in 1921.
• Formation of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee.
• The Payyannur Congress Conference.
• The united Kerala conferences and the united Kerala resolution.
• Formation of the state of Thiru-Kochi in 1949.
• Formation of the state of Kerala in 1956.

Kerala towards Modernity Model Questions & Answers

Question 21.
Discuss the freedom movements in Kerala after 1920.
Answer:
The history of Kerala witnessed several freedom movements especially after 1920. The movements include the following.

Non-Cooperation Movement and Salt Satyagraha:
As decided at the Nagpur session (1920), NonCooperation movement was started throughout the country. In Kerala, too, there was widespread boycott of foreign goods, courts, and educational institutions. The Malabar Rebellion of 1921 and the student’s agitation of 1922 in Travancore were events of great political significance during this period.

The Salt-Satyagraha under the leadership of Gandhiji had its own repercussions in Kerala. Payyannur in Malabar was the main venue of the Satyagraha in Kerala. Many batches of Satyagrahis from different parts of Kerala marched to Payyannurto take part in the Satyagraha.

Quit India Movement:
The Quit India Movement launched in August 1942 was widespread in Cochin and Malabar, though not so extensive in Travancore. During the Quit India Movement, there were sensational and violent incidents in Malabar involving disruption of communication and attack on government offices and police stations. The Keezhariyur Bomb case, in which 27 persons including Dr. K.B. Menon, Socialist leader and Secretary of Indian Civil Liberties Union were charge-sheeted, was the important episode of the struggle in Malabar. Even underground papers like ‘Swathantra BharatanT were brought out during the struggle.

Agitation in Travancore and Cochin:
After the Haripura session of the Indian National Congress which decided that separate organizations should be formed in native States for the agitation for responsible government, the Travancore State Congress and the Cochin State Praja Mandal were formed.

Question 22.
Kerala could make notable achievements in the health sector. What are your suggestions to maintain this?
a) Ensure the supply of pure drinking water,
b) Establish intensive cleaning programme.
c) Intensity preventive measures of diseases.
d) Provide medical facilities to all in less expense.
e) Make essential medical facilities in all Primary Health Centres.

Question 23.
Narrate the developments that led to Kurichiya rebellion.
Answer:
The British overthrew the traditional land revenue collection system and made several experiments in this field. They wanted to collect as much revenue as possible in India. British reversed the revenue system of Malabar and framed out the collection of revenues to different Rajas for lump sums. The assessments were very high and the people found it difficult to pay the land revenue.

Pazhassi Raja boldly decided to challenge the British authority and to resist their attempt to collect taxes. After the suppression of the Pazhassi revolt, Wynad was brought under the strict control of the British. The Kurichyas and Kurumbas were subjected to untold abuses and privations. The British revenue settlement was the most unkindest cut on the life of the tribal people. The rate of land revenue was exhortation and its method of collection in cash was harsh. In short, the Kurichia rebellion was a good example popular rebellion against the British supremacy.

Question 24.
What was the taxation policy followed by the British government?
Answer:
The stranglehold of revenue system heightened its grip on other articles of daily use besides taxes on land, salt, tobacco, etc. Houses, shops, cattle, ferry, fishing net, looms, toddy, arrack, knives, etc. were important among them. In effect, nothing was spared from the grip of the Government. About fifty more different faxes were imposed.

The British tried to collect huge amounts through petty taxes. Let us have a look at the sufferings of the people on account of them. Women who earned their livelihood by collecting firewood from the forests were not permitted to take home the same without paying the tax. Those who had to cross rivers had to pay a tax. Many who tried to swim across to evade tax were drowned in the river.

Question 25.
What is Pandarappattam Proclamation?
Answer:
During the time of Marthanda Varma, state-owned * land (Pandaravaka) was leased out to Christian and Muslims on rent. Later, Ezhavas and other backward communities were also given land. The purpose of it all was to increase the revenue of the State treasury by expanding agriculture. Resources to maintain the British army and to pay tributes to the British had to be raised. This was the inspiration behind the proclamation. The rich agriculturists tried to graduate their possession right into right of ownership. Clamors were made to this end. Finally, the Government of Travancore conceded this right. Through the Pandarapattam proclamation, those who possessed state-owned land got rights of ownership and inheritance.

Question 26.
The peasant uprising of Malabar was known as,
a) Kurichia rebellion
b) Mappila uprisings
c) Freedom struggle
Answer:
Mappila uprisings

Question 27.
What were the circumstances which led to the emergence of severe opposition to the English East India Company among the people of Malabar?
Answer:

• The Company’s declaration that both the rulers and their subjects should be under their control.
• Increase in tax
• Exploitation policy of the Company

Question 28.
State the reasons why Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja led revolution against foreign domination?
Answer:
Pazhassi Raja acted as an ally of British in their * Mysore invasions. They gave the right to collect taxes from Kottayam to the king of Kurumbanadu. Provoked by this Pazhassi blocked the whole revenue system. The British proceeded to take action against Pazhassi. They tried to annex Pazhassi’s territories to British India. Hence Pazhassi Raja attempted to eliminate colonial power through guerilla warfare with the assistance of his soldiers including Kurichyas the tribal community of Waynad.

Question 29.
How did the agricultural reforms implemented by the British cause the peasant revolts in Malabar?
Answer:
Muslim peasants in Malabar revolted throughout the 19th century against the land tenurial system introduced by the British. The fact that the landlords who fled from Malabar, during Tipu’s invasion were again made landowners by the British and heavy taxes imposed on peasants were the cause of the revolt. The government neither take any steps to increase the fertility of the land nor tried to use the wasteland for cultivation. The British compelled the peasants to cultivate plantation crops like cashew nut and rubber in the place of traditional crops like pepper.

Question 30.
Why was the peasant uprisings of Malabar called ‘Mappila uprisings’?
Answer:
The revolts against the British in Malabar were the culmination of the protests of the Mappila tenants, agricultural laborers, artisans, petty traders, etc., overa period of time. The involvement of the ordinary people in this struggle was noteworthy. A sizeable number of the peasants of Eranad and Valluvanad taluks of Malabar were Mappila Muslims. It was they who participated in these struggles. Hence these up-risings were called ‘Mappila uprisings’ by the British.

Question 31.
What were changes effected by the Pandarappattam and Janmi-Kudiyan Proclamations? To what extent did they help the peasants?
Answer:
The Janmis got the right to evict the tenants who failed to pay such high rents and passing the lands to new tenants. They began attempts to evict actual cultivators from agricultural lands. The British officials, police, and judiciary stood for assisting the activities of the landlords in Travancore and Cochin. The problems of the tenants continued unaltered. Their resistance grew into protests. Organized peasant movements came forward to take up their issues during the period by the Freedom Movement and after.

Question 32.
What was the result of Channar Revolt?
Answer:
Vaikundaswamikal, who gave leadership to the move- menttoputan end to the disabilities of the Channar community in the Travancore region. It was he who provided the Channar sections with strong minds capable of fighting, by making them recognize their social position through making use of the educational opportunities inaugurated by the missionaries. The Channar women created history by staging a struggle for the right to wear upper clothes. The Channar Revolt for gaining this right, begun in 1822, came to a successful end in 1859. It was following this prolonged struggle that the Maharaja had to issue an order allowing Channar women to wear upper clothes.

Question 33.
Analyze the impact of British rule on Kerala’s trade, industry, and agriculture.
Answer:

• There was tremendous growth in foreign trade and Kerala has become a part of global market.
• Land relationships changed considerably and agriculture was commercialized.
• Large number of industries were established.
• Commercial crops were cultivated at large in plantations.
• Along with plantation corps, traditional and modern industries also grew up.

Question 34.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 35.
Match column B and C with A.

Answer:

Question 36.
Prepare a time line showing events that aimed to form a united Kerala
Answer:

Question 37.
Who were the leaders of ‘Salt Sathyagraham’ that conducted in Kerala in 1930? (Prepare a short not on the struggles that took place in Kerala as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement)
Answer:
In Kerala, strong programs of propaganda were organized as part of Salt Satyagraha, A batch of volunteers under the leadership of K Kelappan took out a procession from Calicut to Payyanuron foot to break the Salt Law. Another group under the leader-ship ofT.R. Krishnaswami lyertoo went there. The processions proceeded accepting greetings of people on route.

The style of the struggle underwent a change following the arrest of the Mahatma on 5th May. The police brutally suppressed the satyagrahis who came to break the salt Law at Calicut beach on 12th may Mohamed Abdul Rahiman Sahib, P. Krishna Pillai, R.V. Sharma, T.R. Krishnaswami Iyer, and K. Madhavan Nair were sentenced to rigorous imprisonment.

Question 38.
Evaluate the role of Renaissance leaders with could create a progressive society in Kerala.
Answer:
a) Vaikunda Swamikal: He realized the ‘hollowness of caste system’ and installed a mirror in the temple to enlighten the people the oneness of the godliness.
b) Chattambi Swamikal: He opposed the caste system and propagated the vision of ‘Adwaida’ means oneness of godliness. Swamikal was known as ‘Sarva Vidyarthi raja’
c) Sree Narayana Guru: Sree Narayana Guru is the symbol of love and humanity. He stood strongly against the priesthood of Brahmins, their nobility and the caste system and propagated equality and humanity of man. He exhorted the people to be strong by unity and to awaken by knowledge.
d) Ayyankali: Ayyankali played a prominent role to instill self-confidence and sense of unity among them. He spoke for the right to enter government schools. He organized and prepared the agricultural laborers to struggle for their rights who were subjected to all kinds of exploitation.
e) Vakkom Abdul Khadar Moulavi: The leader among Muslims who propagated modern education among Muslims. He took initiative to eliminate the evils of religious customs.
f) V.T. Bhattathirippad: He was a nobleman of modem thought. He raised his voice against evil customs in Namboodiri community and worked for the freedom of women.
g) Sahodaran Ayyappan: He tried to prove that polytheism was irrational and fought against alcoholism and exploitation of peasants and for this started interdining. All these leaders were trying to reform the society.

Question 39 (Qn. Pool-2017)
Who were the foreign traders who had trade relations with Kerala before the coming of the Europeans?
Answer:
Arabs, Chinese

Question 40. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Arrange the following in chronological order,
i) Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch in the Colachel War.
ii) British defeated the French in the Karnatic Wars.
iii) The Dutch defeated the Portuguese.
Answer:
I – iii
II – i
III – ii

Question 41. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate how commercialisation of agriculture influences the agricultural sector of Kerala.
Answer:

• Market-driven cultivation
• Encouraged coconut cultivation
• Reduction in rice production
• Food scarcity
• Spread of cassava cultivation
• Plantation crops in the hilly area

Question 42. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the situation that led to the Attingal Revolt.
Answer:
The natives who were furious over making Anchuthengu fort an important military base killed about 150 English men who were on their way to hand over gifts to the queen of the Attingal in 1721. This is known as Attingal Revolt.

Question 43. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which was the first organized revolt against the British in Kerala?
Answer:
Attingal Revolt.

Question 44. (Qn. Pool-2017)
According to which treaty did Malabar come under British dominance?
Answer:|
Sreeranga Papattanam Treaty of 1792.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate circumstances that made native rulers and chieftains turn against the British.
Answer:
After attaining political dominance, the British started to interfere in the powers of the kings and the landlords. The interference in the freedom and privileges that the native rulers and chieftains enjoyed for centuries invited antagonism.

Question 46. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the circumstances for Kerala coming under British dominance around the eighteenth century.
Answer:

• According to the Sriranga pattanam Treaty of 1792, Malabar came under the British dominance.
• In 1792, Kochi Raja accepted British supremacy and was forced to pay tribute.
• As per the treaty of 1795, Travancore also admitted the British dominance.
• Thus by the 18th century, the British ruled Malabar directly and Kochi and Travancore indirectly.

Question 47. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What made Pazhassi Raja turn against the British?
Answer:
The refusal of the British to honour promise given to Pazhassi Raja for his assistance during the Mysore War, entitling Pazhassi Raja to collect tax from Kottayam region.

Question 48. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Elucidate the circumstances that made Veluthampi and PajiyathAchan enemies of the British.
Answer:
The uncontrolled intervention of the British in the internal affairs of Travancore and Kochi made the Diwan of Travancore Velu Thampi and of Kochi Paliyath Achan the enemies of the British.

Question 49. (Qn. Pool-2017)
In what name is Veluthampi’s call for armed fight against the British known?
Answer:
Kundara Proclamation

Question 50. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which were the measures adopted by the British to increase and control foreign trade?
Answer:

• Trade laws that existed in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore were amended by the British in favor of them.
• Introduced unified coinage and metrology system.
• Built roads, railways and bridges to improve transport facilities.
• Developed the ports of Kochi, Kozhikode, and Alappuzha.

Question 51. (Qn. Pool-2017)
“The changes made by the British in the pattern of land ownership in Malabar made the life in the peasants miserable”. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Local chieftains and landlords were made owners of the land.
• Taxwaspre-determined. .
• The local chieftains collected huge amount as tax from tenants.
• The tenants were evicted.
• Life became miserable for tenants.

Question 52. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The implementation of which act gave a limited right over the land of the tenants in Malabar.
Answer:
The Malabar Tenant’s Act of 1929.

Question 53. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What were the changes made in the land relationship in Travancore during the time of Marthanda Varma?
Answer:

• Land owned by landlords were converted into government (Pandaravaka) property.
• The Pandara Patta Vilambaram of 1865 gave the tenants ownership of the land they cultivated.
• The tenants in Travancore got ownership of the land through the Janmi KudiyanActof 1896.
• By virtue of this act the tenants in Travancore became small landowners in limited scale.

Question 54. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why is it said that the National Movement in Kerala did not have a unified form?
Answer:
Kerala was not politically unified.

Question 55. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Match the following
A — B
i) 1865 — a) Malabar Tenants Act
ii) 1914 — b) Pandarapatta Vilambaram
iii) 1929 — c) KudiyanmaAct
Answer:
i – b,
ii – c,
iii – a

Question 56. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Some traditional industries started in Kerala during British dominance and their major centers are given below. Match them.
A — B
i) Coir Industry — a) Thrissur
ii) Cashew Industry — b) Kannur
iii) Tile Industry — c) Alappuzha
iv) Handloom Industry — d) Kollam
Answer:
i – c,
ii – d,
iii – a,
iv – b

Question 57. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the features of the judicial system introduced in Kerala by the British.
Answer:
Instead of punishing the accused on the basis of his caste, after hearing the accused, unified punishment was given depending on the nature of the guilt. All were considered equal before law.

Question 58. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a small essay basest on the reform movements and social changes.
Answer:
Untouchability and unapproachability prevailed in Kerala where caste system was strong. Evil practices and superstitions prevailed in all communities. Modern education and western thoughts motivated the educated people to fight against this injustice. Channar revolt by Channar women for the right to cover the upper part of the body, consecrations of the Siva idol at Aruvippuram are examples for this.

Vaikom Satyagraha under the leadership of T.K. Madhavan and Saravarna Jatha under the leadership of Mannath Padmanabhan won the right for lower caste people to walk on the road near the temple. The Guruvayoor Satyagraha under the leadership of P. Krishna Pillai and A.K. Gopalan, the Travancore Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936 followed by temple entry proclamation of Kochi and Malabar gave right for the lower caste to enter the temples.

Question 59. Qn. Pool – 2017)
Which book of EMS Namboodiripad put forward the idea of the formation of Kerala including Malayalam speaking regions?
Answer:
Onnekal Kodi Malayalikal

Question 60. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Some social reformers and the organizations led by them are given below. Match them properly.
Social Reformers — Organisations
i) Vaikaunda Swamikal — Prathyaksha Raksha DaivaSabha
ii) Ayyankali — Samathwa Samajam
iii) Vaghbhadanandan — SadhuJana Paripalana Sangham
iv) Kumara Gurudevan — Atmavidhya Sangham
Answer:
i – b,
ii – c,
iii – d,
iv – a

Question 61. (Qn. Pool-2017)
“In the cultural arena of Kerala, British influence is evident’’. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Beginning of printing
• Service of the Jesuit missionaries
• Dictionary and grammar book
• The concept of education for all irrespective of caste.
• Early Malayalam newspapers
• Beginning of schools and colleges.

Question 62. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Complete the table given below based on the indicators given.

Answer:
i) Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
ii) Pandit K.P. Karuppan
iii) Thiruvithamcore Muslim Mahajana Sabha
iv) Nair Service Society

Question 63. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the civil disobedience movement of 1930 and the subsequent incidents,
Answer:

• Civil disobedience movement became powerful in Kerala. In Malabar under the leadership of K. Kelappan, in Payyannurand under the leadership of Muhammad Abdul Rahman Sahib in Kozhikode salt law was violated.
• Boycott of foreign goods, picketing of liquor shops, propagation of Khadi all become powerful.
• When civil disobedience movement was stopped some leaders joined the socialist party.
• In 1939, under the leadership of P. Krishna Pillai, A.K. Gopalan and EMS Socialist Party was reorganized as Indian Communist Party.
• Communist Party led the peasants and workers to fight against the British Raj.
• Strong agitation related to Quit India Movement started in Malabar.
• Keezhiyoor Bomb Case was a significant episode.

Question 64.
(Qn. Pool-2017)
Arrange the following events chronologically
1. Punnapra-Vayalar Protest
2. Malayan Memorial
3. Ezhava Memorial
4. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
Answer:
a). Malayali Memorial
b) Ezhava Memorial
c) Formation of the Travancore State Congress
d) Punnapra-Vayalar Protest

Question 65. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which Congress session passed the resolution demanding the formation of the Kerala State after independence?
Answer:
Payyannur Congress Session

Question 66. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The national movement in Kerala lacked a unified form’. Substantiate this statement analyzing the activities of the national movements in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore.
Answer:

• For evaluating the national, movements in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore,
• Non-Co-operation movement, Malabar Rebellion, SaltSathyagraha, Quit India Movement.

Question 67. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the factors that led Kerala to come under the English East India Company?
Answer:

• Sriranga pattanam Treaty in which Malabar come under the British.
• To resist the invasion of Tipu, the princely state of Travancore and Kochi joined the Subsidiary Alliance.

Question 68. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a short note on the contributions of missionaries in spreading modern education in Malabar.
Answer:

• Activities of Herman Gundert
• Schools established in places like Kozhikode and Thalassery.

Question 69. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate how the involvement of Renaissance leaders resulted in social changes.
Answer:

• Provided practical form to social change
• Involvement of reform leaders for the creation of modern Kerala.
• Influence on the later social reformers
• Initiatives against superstition and caste system resulted in social changes.

Question 70. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the timeline given below.

Answer:

Question 71. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following table.

Answer:

Question 72. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following diagram.

Answer:

Question 73. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following timeline.

Answer:

Question 74. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the Comparison table.

Answer:

Question 75. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 76. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the given time line related to the national movement in Kerala.

Answer:

Question 77. (Orukkam 2017)
Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
2. United Kerala Convention
3. The formation of Kochi-Rajya Prajamandalam
4. Ottappalam Conference
Answer:
1. Ottappalam Conference
2. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
3. The formation of Kochi-Rajya Prajamandalam
4. United Kerala Convention

Question 78.
Explain the events that led to a united Kerala.
Answer:

• Nagpure congress committee in 1920.
• First Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee in 1921.
• Payyannur Congress Committee.
• United Kerala Convention
• Merger of Travancore and Cochin.
• Formation of Kerala State in 1956.

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 5 Culture and Nationalism Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 5 Notes

Hss Live Guru 10th History Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Can you find out the objectives of English education in India from his statement?
Answer:

• To prepare a generation that favors English life styles.
• Compulsion to work with low wages.
• Impose interest towards British culture.
• To make people work under the British rule.

Culture And Nationalism Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Did the British rule lead to the growth of Indian nationalism ? Evaluate.
Answer:
The British captured India in the 19th century. Their culture, ideologies which entered in to the Indian society was to be restricted. This was thought by those who gained English education and democracy, liberty, equality, scientific awareness,socialism and fundamental rights.

They tried to modify the social customs and traditions and to prevent the entry of English culture. This resulted in restricting the inequalities and violation of rights which prevailed in the Indian society and to inculcate nationalism among Indians.

Culture And Nationalism Class 10 Notes Pdf Question 3.
How did the ideologies put forward by Indian reform movements create nationalism among Indians? Discuss on the basis of the given hints:
Answer:
Opposition to Caste System:
Social reformers succeeded in creating a feeling of universal brotherhood forgetting the bonds of caste and religion.

Advocating for Equal Rights:
The British had a feeling that they were racially superior and it created a feeling of nationalism among Indians. British kept up the same even in the jurisdiction.

Defending the instruction of foreign ideas and culture:
British captured India in the 19th century. Their culture, ideologies which entered into the Indian society was to be restricted. This was thought by those who gained English education and democracy, liberty, equality, scientific awareness, socialism and fundamental rights.

They tried to modify the social customs and traditions and to prevent the entry of English culture. This resulted in restricting the inequalities and violation of rights which prevailed in the Indian society and to inculcate nationalism among Indians.

Protest against social evils:
Caste system is a social protest against human equality. Raja Ram Mohan Roy protested against polygamy, child marriage. Sree Narayana Guru fought against caste system and social evils.

Educational Development:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy strives for establishing modem education in India. He explained the prominence of Mathematics, Chemistry and Philosophy.

Protest against the Discrimination imposed upon women:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated for the right of woman to own property. Brahmasamaj advocated for a higher status of women in the society. ‘Prabha System’ was withdrawn Widow Remarriage was established. ‘Sati’ was abolished, polygamy was withdrawn, education for women was advocated

Nationalism In India Class 10 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Examine the role of news papers in making people aware of exploitation and violation of rights they faced.
Answer:
News papers played an important role in making people aware of their problems. Freedom of press was limited. Rulers tried to block the news which was against them. Social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ramakrishna Pillai brought the exploitation and violation through newspapers. Ramakrishna Pillai questioned the kingly powers and struggled for civil rights. Raja Ram Mohan Roy protested against Sati, child marriage, illiteracy.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Find out the names of Malayalam news papers published during the time of independence movement and list them.
Answer:

10th State Syllabus Social Science Question 6.
Prepare a speech on the role of the press in fostering national unity and social reformation in India.
Answer:
Dear friends,
With the entry of printing machine the cost of exchange of ideas and knowledge has lowered. It was done by news papers and many other journals. The British tried to control but could not succeed. Newspapers brought out the cruel face of the British. They played an import ant role in organizing public discussions, political movements and developing nationalism.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Question 7.
Identify the role of education from these observations.
Answer:

• To bring about changes in society.
• To maintain unity.
• As technology and the culture changes, the role of education evolves.
• To equip people with the knowledge to make a positive difference in society.
• Helps instill values, attitudes and behaviors that align with those expected in a society

Hsslive Guru 10th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
How did the advancement in education help nurture Indian Nationalism.
Answer:
Western education was helpful for the growth of Indian nationalism. Indians became aware of brotherhood, equality, liberty and self rule.The British was domineering and had a discrimination over Indians. This wounded their emotions. They decided to unite and fight against the British. English became a common language of the educated.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Question Bank Question 9.
Following are some ideas envisioned in national education. Read carefully. List the institutions that worked for materializing these ideas.
Answer:

Hss Live Class 10 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
How did literature in various languages motivate Indian nationalism? Discuss.
Answer:
Literature motivated Indian nationalism. Protest against British grew as a result of hatred. But literates and middle class showed different ways towards them. They showed their resentments through articles, novels, plays and news papers. Subrahmania Bharathi, Tagore, Premchand, Althaf Hussai Ali were the writers at that age. They wrote about the agonies and atrocities faced by the people.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Questions And Answers Question 11.
Prepare an essay on the factors that contributed to the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
Role of painters:
Painters played a vital role in the emergence of Indian nationalism. Raja Ravi Varma visualised various scenes from Indian epics and literature following the western style. Nandalal Bose protested against ‘Sati’.

Abanindranath Tagore pictured Bharath Matha giving goods, cloth and knowledge to Indian masses. Painters played an important role to be free from western style and to promote Indian culture and nationalism.

Role of Literature:
Literature motivated Indian nationalism. Protest against British grew as a result of hatred. But literates and middle class showed different ways towards them. They showed their resentments through articles, novels, plays and news papers. Subrahmania Bharathi, Tagore, Premchand, Althaf Hussai Ali were the writers at that age. They wrote about the agonies and atrocities faced by the people.

Role of Newspaper:
The newspapers during the freedom struggle functioned with the aim to create awareness on social issues, to help them to participate in the national movement and to treat any problem any where as a national problem. Indian leaders depended on new papers to promote nationalistic ideologies.

Journalism was a social service. They criticized the British policies. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first to launch the news paper with the national perspective. His Sambath Kaumudi in Bengali, Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian focused on social reformation, democracy and nationalism. Following the same, many reformers and national leaders published newspapers in regional languages.

The British imposed strict measures to control the power of press. The Vernacular Press Act by Lord Lytton in 1878 was one among them. As it restrained the freedom of  press in regional languages, the British withdrew the act after a massive protest. The protection, circulation and reading were a part of freedom struggle during those days.

Role of Education:
It was education that helped India to fight against the British colonial supremacy and social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. The establishment of national educational institutions was the important one to inculcate nationalism. Through this, secular education was imparted.

Role of Social reform movements:
Liberal outlook, passion for modernization and rationalism that nurtured in India society in the 19th century paved the way for the emergence of various social reform movements. They had two main objectives.

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• Ensure civil right to education, travel and dress code.
• The socioeconomic situation in India was not favorable to achieve these goals. So, proposals were advanced by the reformers to bring about fundamental changes in the society.
• Eradicate caste system .
• Protect the rights of all .
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.

Culture and Nationalism Let Us Assess

10th Standard History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
‘Indian nationalism was a form of protest against and dissent to the British colonialism’. Substantiate.
Answer:
By the 19^th century, English culture and ideologies began to intrude into Indian society. Some Indian leaders found it necessary to resist this cultural invasion. Most of them were English educated Indians who internalized the concepts like democracy, liberty, rationalism, equality, scientific temper, socialism, civil rights, etc.

They ventured to reform the social customs and rituals prevailed in the country, thereby to defend the invasion of English culture. They tried to reform Indian society, language, art and literature. It motivated to protest against inequalities and violation of rights and created a sense of unity among the people.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Notes Question 2.
The news papers have a major role in unifying the people of a country. Evaluate the significance of this statement in Indian context.
Answer:
The newspapers during the freedom struggle functioned with the aim to create awareness on social issues, to help them to participate in the national movement and to treat any problem any where as a national problem. Indian leaders depended on new papers to promote nationalistic ideologies.

Journalism was a social service. They criticized the British policies. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first to launch the news paper with the national perspective. His Sambath Kaumudi in Bengali, Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian focused on social reformation, democracy and nationalism. Following the same, many reformers and national leaders published newspapers in regional languages.

The British imposed strict measures to control the power of press. The Vernacular Press Act by Lord Lytton in 1878 was one among them. As it restrained the freedom of press in regional languages, the British withdrew the act after a massive protest. The protection, circulation and reading were a part of freedom struggle during those days.

Hsslive Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Evaluate how changes in education influenced the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
It was education that helped India to fight against the British colonial supremacy and social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. The establishment of national educational institutional the important one to inculcate nationalism. Through this, secular education was imparted.

The Oeccan Education Society founded in 1884 in Pune by G.G. Agarkar, Bal Gangadhar Thilak and Mahadev Govinda Ranade was one of such educational institutions established with a nationalistic perspective.The Swadeshi Movement in 1905, after the partition of Bengal founded many educational institutions. D.K. Karve started the first Indian women University in Maharashtra in 1916.

It was started for women empowerment. Many educational institutions also developed for promotion of nationalism opposition to social aids and rejection of western education. Visvabharathi, founded by Rabindranath Tagore focused on Universal brotherhood. Tagore aimed at a system that would bridge western and eastern cultures.

When the national movement became strong, under Mahatma Gandhi, a team led by Maulana Mohammed Ali, Shoukath Ali, Dr, Zakir Hussain and M. Ansari founded Tamia Millia Islamia in Aligart. It was to strengthen national movement through secular education. Intrusion of western arts and education ruined Indian traditional arts.

Initiatives were taken to defend the cultural invasion and promote traditional arts. Kerala Kalamandalam in Cheruthuruthy village of Thrissur established by Mahakavi Vallathol Narayana Menon aimed at this.In 1937, Mahatma Gandhi proposed Wardha education plan on vocational education. He dreamt that it would build up a good future, a generation to defend the British.

Class 10 History Chapter 5 Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Identify the correlation between the items in section A and complete section B in the same way.
i. A. Vallathol Narayana Menon: Malayalam
B. Altaf Husain Hali :
ii. A. Bharat Mata: Abanindranath, Tagore
B. Sati :
iii. A. Anandamath : Novel
B. Nil Darpan :
iv. A. Arya Samaj: Swami Dayananda Saraswati
B. Rama Krishna Mission:
Answer:
i.A. Vallathol Narayana Menon: Malayalam.
B.Altaf Husain Hali : Urdu.
ii.A. Bharat Mata : Abanindranath Tagore.
B. Sati : Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
iii.A. Anandamath : Novel.
B. Nil Darpan : Drama.
iv.A. Arya Samaj : Swami Dayananda Saraswati.
B. Rama Krishna Mission: Swami Viveka nandan.

Culture and Nationalism Orukkam Questions and Answers

10th Class History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Complete the table.
Answer:

10th History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
List out the circumstances helps to develop unity in the minds of Indians.
Some Indian leaders found it necessary to resist the ideas and cultural invasion of Britishers into Indian Society.
Answer:

• The Indians who got English education found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British.
• Those who had English education started national educational institutions.
• Encouraged secular education.
• Jointly worked together against the inequalities of Indian society.

Class 10 Nationalism In India Notes Question 3.
List out any two major objectives of social reform movements in India.
Protest against various social evils.
Answer:

• To ensure equal civil rights to education,travel and dress code.
• Eradicate caste system.
• Protect the rights of all Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.

History 10th Class Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Complete the sun diagram given below.

Answer:
a. Eradicate caste system
b. Eliminate discrimination against women.
c. Abolish child marriage and eliminate supremacy of clergy.
d. Protect the rights of all.
e. Provide education to all.

Hsslive Guru Class 10 Social Science Question 5.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a.Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
b.AryaSamaj.
c.Padita Rama Bai.
d.Ramakrishna Mission.
e.Atmaram Pandurang.
f.Self Respect Movement.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions Question 6.
Complete the Time line given below.

Answer:
a. English education introduced in India.
b.1856
c. Vernacular Press Act
d.1884
e. First Indian women University in Maharashtra.
f. 1937
g. Indian National Congress.

Question 7.
List out the role of news papers to foster nationalism during the period of national movement.
Created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British.
Answer:
Disseminated information on massacres oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country.
Popularized reformative movements against social evils and superstitions.
Motivated the people to protest against the British rule and evils in Indian society.
Kept abreast of the global agitations for freedom democracy and equality.
Reported the calamities like plague and famines.

Question 8.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a. Bengali.
b. Vandematharam.
c. G. Subrahmania Iyer.
d. Maulana Abdul KalamAzad .
e. Annie Besant.

Question 9.
Complete table given below.

Answer:

Question 10.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a.  Women empowerment.
b.  Universal Brotherhood.
c.  Secular Education.
d.  Revival of traditional arts.
e.  Vocational education.

Question 11.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 12.
Complete the table.

Answer:
A. Bharat Mata.
B. Abnindranath Tagore.
C. Sathi.
D. Nandalal Bose.
E. Raja Ravi Varma.
F. Painting of Village Life.

Culture and Nationalism Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Nationalism?
Answer:
Nationalism is the sense of unity that exists among the people of a nation irrespective of caste, creed, region and religion.

Question 2.
Which were the two types of protests emerged in India, during the 19th century in the cultural field.
Answer:

• Protest against inequality, violations of rights and social evils which existed in the Indian society.
• Protest against the economic exploitation of the colonial forces.

Question 3.
Which were the factors that prompted the introduction of English Educationalist in India?
Answer:
The British colonialists realized the fact that an in depth understanding of the social cultural life of the Indians was essential to strengthen their rule. They learned about Indian society from the works in Sanskrit and Persian and by translating them.

They established several institutions to study more about India, to interfere in Indian education system, and to train their own officers.Later the British rulers realized that it was not possible to know India well through these efforts alone.

To ensure commercial growth, the British thinkers who favored free trade argued for strong British intervention in Indian society. But, it was not possible to bring about reforms without popular support. Hence they started English education to nurture a fraction of Indian society that would support Britain.

Question 4.
From the column given below, choose the suitable one from ‘B’ that match with ‘A’.

Answer:

Question 5.
Evaluate the role played by social reformer movements in the emergence of nationalism.
Answer:
Liberal outlook, passion for modernization and rationalism nurtured in Indian society in the 19 century paved the way for the emergence of various social reforms. They had two main objectives.

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• To ensure equal civil rights to education, travel and dress code.

The socioeconomic situation in India was not favorable to achieve these goals .So the reformers aimed at bringing about the fundamental changes in the society . For this they advanced the following proposals .

• Eradicate caste system
• Protect the rights of all.
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow marriage
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.

Raja Rammohan roy was the pioneer among the social reformers who strives hard for the modernization of Indian society. He opposed caste system and sati, social evils prevailed in the Indian society and established the brahma samaj in Bengal.

He propagated the idea of a unified Indian society in the place of a society fragmented over caste lines. This idea prompted patriotism among the people. Thus the concept of a unified nation became one of the objectives of social reform .

To improve the status of women, he advocated for the right of women to own property. Taking cue from his ideologies, many leaders from various parts of India ventured to reform the society. In Bengal,Ishwar chandra vidyasagar argued for remarriage of widows.

As a result the British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856. He established educational institutions for women education. Such centers for women education were founded in various parts of the country. Sarada Sadan in Bombay established by Padita Ramabai was one of the important institutions among them.

Question 6.
List down the social evils in India banned by the British through laws.
Answer:

• Banned female infanticide ‘Abolished sati.
• Permitted Widow remarriage.
• Prevented Child marriage and polygamy.
• Prevented marriage of girls below 12 years of age, Abolished Slavery.

Questioned 7.
Evaluate the role of news papers in the emergence of nationalism in India.
Answer:
The Newspapers during freedom struggle functioned with the aims to create public awareness of various social issues, to motivate everyone to participate in the national movement and to prompt the people to treat the problem anywhere in the country as a national problem.

Role of Newspapers :

• Disseminated information on massacres, oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country.
• Popularized reformative movements against social evils and superstitions.
• Motivated the people to protest against the British rule and evils in Indian society.
• Kept abreast of the global agitations for freedom, democracy and equality.
• Created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British.
• Reported the calamities like plague and famines that killed thousands of Indians in various regions.

Question 8.
Explain how changes in the field of education led to the emergence of nationalism in India.
Answer:
Education was the major field which witnessed the conflict of 2 diverse interests.

• The British interest to gain political, economic and cultural hegemony over India.
• The Indian interest to free the country from political .economic and cultural domination of the British.

Education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India.Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. They imparted secular education to all sections of the society.

Question 9.
Arrange the table given below properly.

Answer:

Question 10.
What was the theme of Bankim Chandra Chatterji’s novel Anandamath?
Answer:
Bankim Chandra Chatterji a famous Bengali writer adopted novel a western form of literature as a medium to portray the plight of Indian society. Of his novels, the most notable is anandamath based on the Sanyasi Revolt of Bengali peasants.

He would well illustrate the agonies of Bengali farmers and disparity between rich and poor in the Bengali society. Thus Indian society came to know about the predicaments of the Bengali’s. The song Bandematharam is taken from this novel.

Culture and Nationalism SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The establishment of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and the introduction of English education are examples for two kinds of policies adopted by Britain to establish their domination in India. What are these policies?
Answer:

• An in depth understanding of the social cultural life of the Indians. It will help strengthen their rule.
• To get the support of a fraction of Indian society through English education.

Question 2.
How did the interference of the British in the field of education create a sense of unity among the Indians?
Answer:

• The Indians who got English education found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British.
• Those who had English education started national educational institutions.
• Encouraged secular education.
• Jointly worked together against the inequalities of Indian society.

Question 3.
Compare the policies of British education and national education during national movement.
Answer:
National education :

• Opposed inequalities of Indian society.
• Jointly protested British colonial rule.
• Created national outlook among the Indians.
• Hindi emerged as national language.

British education:

• Tried to create a generation interested in English life style.
• Tried to get the support of a fraction of Indian society.

Question 4.
The protest of a writer against the existing exploitative system of a nation will create a sense of unity among the people of that country. Substantiate this statement on the basis of the works of writers during the British rule.
Answer:

• Writers described the miseries of the people.
• Created a fellow feeling among the people so that the miseries of the people of other region were considered as their own.
• Writers described the realities of the lives of Indians.

Question 5.
What kind of attitude might have been created in favor of nationalism by the painting ‘Sati’ of Nandalal Bose.
Answer:

• The painting ‘Sati’ by Nandalal Bose developed an attitude against evil customs among the Indians.
• An attitude to eradicate discrimination against women.

Question 6.
Match column ‘A’ with column ‘B’

Answer:

Question 7.
Who worked for the remarriage of the widows in Bengal?
Answer:
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Question 8.
To what extend the ideas, put forward by the social reform movements of India during the nineteenth century were suitable for a social change in India? Evaluate.
Answer:

• Eradicate caste system.
• Protect the rights of all.
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Provide education for all Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.
• Opposed Brahman domination.
• Opposed evil practices.
• Encouraged freedom, equality, free thinking, interlining and inter caste marriage.
• Argued for the upliftment of women and backward classes.
• Started educational institutions for backward classes.
• Social reformers tried to develop national consciousness and unity among the Indians irrespective of caste and religion.

Question 9.
Analyse the role of education in the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:

• Education helped to oppose British colonial domination and the inequalities existed in the Indian society.
• National educational institutions fostered national consciousness.
• Provided secular education • Swadeshi movement led to the growth of national education.
• Created a sense that modern education is necessary for the social cultural and political progress of the Indians.
• Many national educational institutions were set up for the growth of national education.
• The educational system of Tagore emphasized the International cooperation.
• The above mentioned factors helped for the development of national consciousness among the Indians.

Question 10.
Find out the relationship between the two parts of item ‘A’ and fill in the blanks of item ‘B’ accordingly.
A. Self Respect Movement : E.V. Ramaswami Naicker
B. Satya Shodack Samaj :
A. Brahma Samaj : Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B. Prarthana Samaj :
Answer:
B. Satyashodak Samaj : Jyotiba Phule.
B. Prarthana Samaj: Atmaram Pandurang.

Question 11.
Explain the role of newspapers in propagating the ideas of Indian national movement.
Answer:

• Criticised the activities of the British government through news papers.
• News pa-pers were published in various languages.
• News papers gave emphasis on nationalism, social reform and democracy.

Question 12.
What were the factors that urged Gandhiji to form a plan for vocational education?
Answer:

• Vocational training during education would help to build up a good future.
• Such a generation could resist the British.

Question 13.
Who founded Indian Society of Oriental Arts?
Answer:
Abanindranath Tagore (Bengali Painter)

Question 14.
Arrange the following in chronological order.
(i)   Hindu widow Remarriage Act.
(ii)  Haripura session of Indian National Congress.
(iii) Vernacular Press Act
(iv) Partition of Bengal
Answer:
(i)   Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856).
(ii)  Vernacular Press Act (1878).
(iii) Partition of Bengal (1905).
(iv) Haripura session of Indian National Congress (1938).

Question 15.
Visva Bharati University was an example for the international outlook of Rabindranath Tagore. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:

• Gave emphasis on universal brother hood.
• An education system bridging western and eastern cultures.

Question 16.
What were the social evils abolished by law in India as a result of the activities of the social reformers and their movements?
Answer:

• Child marriage and polygamy, sati, slavery, female infanticide.
• Permitted widow remarriage.

Culture and Nationalism Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Sarada Sadan was founded for women education in India. Who was its founder ?
Ans.Pandita Ramabai.

Question 2.
Identify the correlation between the items in section A and complete section B in the same way.
Bharath Mata: Abhanindranath Tagore.
Sati
Answer:
Nandalal Bose 1

Questioned 3.
Write a note on anti colonialism in India.
Answer:
Regional organisations were formed in India as a part of anti colonialism. But these organisation gave priority for regional needs. The cultural and ideological intervention of British influenced the social life, newspapers, education, literature and various fields.

Question 4.
Which were the similar societies formed other than Indian Associations?
Answer:
Land Holders Society:
The society formed in 1837 to protect the interests of the land owners in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

British Indian Society:
British Indian Society of 1837 and Land Holders Society of 1851 joined together to form British Indian Association. Radhakanth Deb was the first president and Devendra Nath Tagore was the first secretary.

Madras Native Association:
Formed in 1852.

Bombay Association:
Formed in 1852.

East India Association :
In 1866, this was formed in London by Dada Bhai Navroji. It was formed for the welfare of Indians with the support of British.

Pune Sarvajanik Sabha:
This was formed in Pune by Justice Mahadeva Govinda Ranade and a group of his friends in 1870. Madras.

Mahajana Sabha:
This was formed in 1844.

Bombay Presidency Association:
Formed in 1885.

Question 5.
What were the aims of English Education?
Answer:

• Compulsion to work with low wages.
• Impose interest towards British culture.
• To make people work under the British rule.

Question 6.
What can be the situations which contributed to a mentality against British and the growth of nationalism in India?
Answer:
British established dominance in India for their own benefits. But by the half of 19th century the feeling of nationalism developed among the Indians.

• Burden of taxes
• Decline of small scale industries
• Influence of English education
• Anti-social policies
• Social religious movements.

Question 7.
Explain the role of news papers.
Answer:

• In formations is brought from all parts of the world.
• Protest against inequalities and injustice.
• Raises voice against violation of human rights.
• Creates awareness about various problems faced by Indians.

Question 8.
The outlook of social reformers on the importance and need of education is given. Examine how education would help for these.
Answer:
Education became the reason for the changes in Indian. The educated leaders could reform the society. Communication with the people with the knowledge of English. Indians could first against the inequalities and British domination as a result of education. Modem education was an important factor for the religiousness and cultural development of the Indians.

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Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 11 Sociology: What? Why? Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 11 Notes

Sociology deals with society and various social issues. Many factors contributed to the development of sociology. It analyses different areas. Sociology has many peculiarities different from that of other social sciences.

Question 1.
Based on the description given in the table, identify the branch of social science.

Answer:

Question 2.
Observation can be of two types – which are they?
Answer:
1. Participant observation
2. Non-participant observation

Question 3.
Explain observation method in social science research.
Answer:
Observation can be of two types such as,

• Participant observation
• Non-participant observation.

In participant observation method, the observer collects information directly from the study area. This method is very popular in social science research. For understanding the issues and collecting information, the researcher personalise the language, culture, etc., of a social group. This helps him to understand the entire features of the area of his study. This method is also known as fieldwork.

On the other hand, in case of nonparticipant observation, the researcher does not collect information directly from the area of study. Instead, the researcher collects information through his observation from outside.

Sociology has different methods of study. These methods are used to analyze different areas. Social survey, interview, observation, case study are the methods of study in sociology. Each method has its own peculiarities.

Question 4.
Explain the methodology in social science research.
Answer:
1) Social survey:
Survey method is the most appropriate method to study social subjects/issues. In this method, information is collected from a group of people selected according a some specific criteria. By analyzing the information, researcher can come across some find¬ings on a particular issue.

2) Interview:
Interview is face to face and verbal conversation be-tween researcher and respondent. When interview method is not practical researcher adopts observation method in which he records what he sees, hears and experiences through his observation.
The precautions while choosing interview method are:

• Identify suitable persons for interviews.
• Have clear cut idea about the information to be collected.
• Prepare suitable questions.
• Lead effective method of interview.
• Time management
• logical arrangement of information and report Writing.

3) Observation:
Observation can be of two types such as,

• Participant Observation
• Non-participant observation.

In participant observation method, the observer collects information directly from the study area. This method is very popular in social science research. For understanding the issues and collecting information, the researcher personalise the language, culture, etc., of a social group. This helps him to understand the entire features of the area of his study. This method is also known as fieldwork.

On the other hand, in case of nonparticipant observation, the researcher does not collect information directly from the area of study. Instead, the researcher collects information through his observation from outside.

4) Case Study:
This method is adopted to study extraordinary is-sues in-depth. Such studies will be very comprehensive. It will be a complete study of a particular case. Case study is also used for data collection.

Question 5.
Discuss the difference between creative writing and social science studies.
Answer:
There are differences between creative writing and social science studies. These differences can be listed as follows.
Creative writing:

• Deals with imagination and creativity
• Social events are expressed in its beauty.
• Aims at enjoyment of creative writing.

Social science studies:

• Social phenomena and subjects are scientifically analyzed
• Makes cause-effect studies of events.
• Analyses the society objectively.

Question 6.
Discuss the importance of sociology.
Answer:

• It helps to formulate real idea about the society.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to identify relation between individuals and social institutions.
• It studies social issues
• It helps to find solutions to social issues
• It is helpful in social planning and development.
• Studies on backward classes, exploited classes, etc., are helpful for social welfare activities.

Question 7.
What do you mean by sample survey? How is it different from census?
Answer:
Collecting information from the entire population is the census method. Selecting a particular group of people from the study area to collect information is the sample survey.

Sociology: What? Why? Model Questions & Answers

Question 8.
Origin of social science was due to three revolution’. Which are they?
Answer:

• Scientific Revolution (Renaissance).
• French Revolution
• Industrial Revolution.

Question 9.
Identify the personalities who gave significant contribution to development social science in India.
Answer:
A.R. Desai, S.D. Dubey, M.N Sreenivas, D.P. Mukherji, G.S. Khure, etc., are the famous Indian social scientists.

Question 10.
Complete the following chart.

Answer:

Question 11.
Point out the precautions while choosing interview as a method of study.
Answer:
The precautions while choosing interview method are:

• Identify suitable persons for interview
• Have clear cut idea about the information to be collected.
• Prepare suitable questions.
• Lead effective method of interview
• Time management
• logical arrangement of information and report writing.

Question 12.
Prepare a table showing differences between interview and questionnaires.

Answer:

Question 13.
Complete the list
1. Social survey
2. ………………
3. ………………
4. ………………
Answer:
1. Social survey
2. Interview
3. Case study
4. Observation

Question 14.
Census is conducted one in ……….. years.
Answer:
10 years

Question 15.
Point out the subject matter of economics.
Answer:

• Production
• Consumption
• Capital formation

Question 16.
‘Census method is not always possible’. Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Yes.
Census method is not always possible due the following reasons.

• It is time-consuming
• Area of study is very large
• It is very expensive

Question 17.
Who are respondents?
Answer:
The people subjects to the study are called respon¬dents.

Question 18.
Why does Auguste Compte called father of sociology?
Answer:
The thoughts of Auguste Compte, the French social scientist, laid the foundation of social science studies. He named the discipline he developed as social physics and later he renamed it as sociology. That is why Auguste Compte called the father of sociology.

Question 19.
The first social science department was started in ……….. University in India.
Answer:
Bombay University

Let Us Assess

Question 20.
How is creative writing different from the study of sociology?
Answer:

Question 21.
What is meant by sociology?
Answer:
Sociology is an academic discipline concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals.

Question 22.
What are the important areas in sociology?
Answer:

• Social institutions
• Social relations
• Social change
• Social issues
• Social groups
• Social control
• Socialisation
• Societies.

Question 23.
Name the early social scientists.
Answer:
Auguste Compte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Max, Emil Durkheim, and Max Weber are the early social scientists.

Question 24.
Identify the branches of social science.
1. History
2. ……….
3. ……….
4. ……….
5. ……….
6. ……….
Answer:
1. History
2. Economics
3. Anthropology
4. Geography
5. Political Science
6. Psychology

Question 25.
Summarise the discussion points on the importance of Sociology.
Answer:

• It helps to formulate real idea about the society.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to identify relation between individuals and social institutions.
• It studies social issues
• It helps to find solutions to social issues
• It is helpful in social planning and development.
• Studies on backward classes exploited classes,

etc., are helpful for social welfare activities.

Question 26.
How does social survey a major methodology of sociology helps to understand the society ?.
Answer:
Survey method is the most appropriate method to study social subjects/issues. In this method, information is collected from a group of people selected according a some specific criteria. By analyzing the information, researcher can come across some findings on a particular issue.

Question 27.
Differentiate between observation and interview.
Answer:
Interview is face to face and verbal conversation be-tween researcher and respondent. When interview method is not practical researcher adopts observation method in which he records what he sees, hears and experiences through his observation.

Question 28.
Prepare a questionnaire of a minimum of 10 questions to collect data on about transport problems faced by your friends to reach the school.
Answer:

1. Where is your house located?
2. How far is school from your house?
3. What is your mode of transport?
4. Do you get vehicles in school time?
5. Do you get concession in bus?
6. What is the time gap between the buses.
7. Do all buses stop before school?
8. Does conductor behave well?
9. Do you face transportation difficulty during rainy season?
10. Does the shortage of school bus create transportation?

Question 29. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Analyze the method in which creative writing intervenes a social issue.
Answer:

• Writing based on imagination and creativity.
• Social events are depicted on aesthetic realms.
• Appreciation is the main objective.

Question 30. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the method in which a sociologist approaches a social issue.
Answer:

• Social issues analyzed scientifically.
• Social conditions are analyzed on the basis of cause-effect relationship.

Question 31. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Match the items in column A with the items in column B appropriately.

Answer:
i – c
ii – a
iii – d
iv – b

Question 32.
(Qn. Pool-2017)
What is the revolution that paved the way for the emergence of sociology?
Answer:

• Renaissance
• French Revolution.
• Industrial Revolution

Question 33. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Who is known as the Father of Sociology?
Answer:
Auguste Comte

Question 34. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the name of Sociology in the early age.
Answer:
Social Physics

Question 35. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the thinker who used the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin to study Sociology.
Answer:
Herbert Spencer

Question 36. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the important thinkers who contributed to the development of Sociology.
Answer:
Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber

Question 37. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why Sociology is considered as the comprehensive study of Society?
Answer:
Sociology is the comprehensive study of the relation between man and his social environment.

Question 38. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the methods used for studying Sociology?
Answer:
Social Survey, Interview, Observation, Case study

Question 39. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Survey is considered as the most suitable method to study Sociology. Why is it said so?
Answer:
Survey helps to formulate a comprehensive point of view of the topic.

Question 40. (Qn. Pool-2017)
How interview helps the study of Sociology?
Answer:
Interview helps to know and analyze the attitudes, views, beliefs, and habits.

Question 41. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is Observation?
Answer:
Observation as a method of study records truthfully whatever is seen, heard, and experienced.

Question 42. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the two types of observation?
Answer:
a) Participant observation
b) Non-participant observation

Question 43. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is participant observation?
Answer:
Researcher directly collects information.

Question 44. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the method of study of participant observation.
Answer:
The Sociologist stays with the population under the study and understands their life, language culture and analyses it.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is non-participant observation?
Answer:
The researcher observes the society from outside.

Question 46. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is case study?
Answer:
Case study is used to make an in-depth study on rare and different social phenomena and problems.

Question 47.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 48. (Orukkam – 2017)
One of the main areas under Sociology is given below. Find out some more areas.
1. Social groups
2. ……………….
3. ……………….
4. ……………….
5. ……………….
6. ……………….
7. ……………….
8. ……………….
Answer:
1. Social groups
2. Social institutions
3. Social relations
4. Socialization
5. Social control
6. Communities
7. Social changes
8. Social problems

Question 49. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the picture pertaining with the methods of study in sociology.

Answer:

Question 50.
What are the practical applications of sociology?
Answer:
Commerce, town planning, advertisements, media, and educational activities.