Class 10

Students can Download Social Science Part 1 Chapter 6 Struggle and Freedom Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science History Chapter 6 Notes Malayalam Medium സമരവും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യവും

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You can Download Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 5 Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 5 Notes

Classification of Public Revenue Question 1.
Observe the pictures given above. They are related to certain activities performed by the government. What are they ? Find out other activities of the government.
Answer:

• Distribution of drinking water
• Distribution of welfare pension
• Protection of environment
• Protection of the country
• Road construction
• Health centers
• Center for distributing food

Vehicle Tax Kerala Question 2.
Given below is the graph showing the public expenditure of India from 2010-11 to 2016-17.

Answer:
The public expenditure of the year 2010-ll was 1197328 Crore. In the year 2011-12 it increased by 107037 Crore and became 130463 Crore. In 2012-13 it increased by 106007 Crore and became 141037 Crore. In 2013 -14, it increased by 149075 Crore and became 1559447 Crore.

In 2014-15 the public expenditure increased by 121711 Crore and became 1681158 Crore. In 2015-16 the public expenditure increased by 96319 Crores and became 1777477 Crores. In 2016-17 the public expenditure increased by 197717 Crores and became 1975194 Crores.

Types of Public Revenue Question 3.
Find out of the government expenditure in your ward and classify them into developmental and non-developmental expenditure.
Answer:

Standard Social Question 4.
Discuss how these factors lead to an increase in public expenditure and make inferences.
Answer:
Government undertakes welfare activities in the form of education, health, infrastructure, food, urbanization which leads to increase in public expenditure automatically. Natural calamities makes more expenditures and unemployment also rise the expenditure that is to control unemployment and to attain economic, development industrialization must be encouraged. Thus starting new industries and protecting industries increase Public expenditure.

What is Public Revenue Question 5.
Can you identify the receipt given? Where do we remit land tax? (Textbook page no. 75)
Answer:
Land tax remitted receipt.
Land tax will remit at their own village offices.

10th Public Question 6.
Discuss whether direct or indirect tax seriously affect common people.
Hints – Tax burden, rise price, income inequality.
Answer:
In direct tax payer bears the burden himself. So the tax payer known the burden of tax. But indirect tax collected by raising the price of commodities. Tax payer is ignorant of the tax. Evading a tax means giving up the wants. Direct tax is based on the principle of the ability to pay.

But indirect tax will not ensure social justice as it falls upon the rich and to poor alike. The rate of increase in the direct tax j may cause increase in the price of commodities. Thus we can assess that direct tax affects common man more public debt.

Public Finance Syllabus Question 7.
With the help of reading material, find out the main taxes of the state government.
Answer:

• Land tax
• Vehicle tax
• Excise duty
• Entertainment tax

Define Public Revenue Question 8.
Calculate the annual per capital debt of India.
Answer:
We get annual percapita debt of India by dividing total debt of a year with population of the year. According to 2011 population census our population is 1, 21, 01, 93, 422.
Public debt of 2015 = 5, 50, 36, 75
Per capita debt = 1, 21, 01, 93, 422 – 5503675
= 00, 45, 47, 76 crores

Question 9.
Statistics shows that India’s public debt is increasing. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this and report the findings?
Answer:
Under development and increase in population results increase of public debt. If the public debt is increased, major portion of the public income will be allocated to interest and repayment. As a result allotment to welfare schemes will below and it adversely affect the economic 1 development of a country.

Public Revenue Question 10.
Prepare a note by analyzing the major items of the central govt.
Items — Expenditure
Interest and repayments — 456145
Defense — 246727
Subsidies — 243811
Grants to state and union territories — 108552
Pension — 88521
Police — 51791
Social service — 29143
Economic service — 28984
Grants to foreign govt — 4342
Other public services — 30936
Answer:

• The largest amount is spent on interest and repayment.
• The least amount is spent on grants to foreign government.
• The expenditure on welfare schemes and defense is more or less same.
• Rs. 29143 crores, Rs 28984 crores and Rs 30936 crores are allotted social economic service and to public services respectively.

Question 11.
Observe the diagram related to the major income sources of the central budget 2017-18.

Find out the following after observing the diagram.

a. From which item does the central government receive maximum tax revenue?
Answer:
Corporate tax

b. Which is the source of non tax revenue that yields maximum income to the central government?
Answer:
Profit

c. Which source yields more income to the central government – tax revenue or non tax revenue?
Answer:
444631

Question 12.
What are the goals of the fiscal policy ?
Answer:

• Attain economic stability
• Create employment opportunities
• Control unnecessary expenditure
• Increase the aggregate output of the economy
• Keep prices and wages stable
• Used to curtail inflation, increase aggregate demand and other macroeconomic issues

Question 13.
How do public expenditure, public income and public debt benefit a country? Discuss.
Answer:
Public expenditure is the governmental expenditure for social welfare. Public expenditure is very important for the development of a country. Under Govt taken various initiation on welfare activities public expenditure increases.To meet this expenditure govt mobilizes income from various sources.

This income is called public revenue. It includes both tax revenue and non tax revenue. In a developing and under developed nation budget will be deficit budget became they have to undertake various developmental activities.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Let Us Assess

Question 1.
Compare developmental and non -develop-mental expenditure and give examples for each.
Answer:
Public expenditure can be classified into developmental and non developmental expenditure. Any expenditure that creates assets for the future is called developmental expenditure.
Examples :- construction of roads, bridges, and harbors, setting up of educational institutions, starting up new enterprises etc.
Expenditures that does not create any assets are called non-developmental expenditure.
Examples :- expenditure incurred by way of war. interest, pension etc.

Question 2.
Describe the features of direct tax and indirect tax.
Answer:
Taxes are the main source of income of’the government. The amount to be compulsorily paid by the public to the government is called tax. There are two types of taxes. Direct tax and indirect tax.

Question 3.
What are the important functions of GST council.
Answer:

• Taxes, cess and surcharges that are to be merged into GST.
• The goods and services that are to be brought under GST.
• Determining GST rates.
• The time frame for including the excluded items into GST.
• Determining the tax exemption limit on the basis of total turnover.

Question 4.
Explain with examples Public revenue and Public expenditure.
Answer:
Public Revenue:
Income of the government is known as Pub- lie revenue. The government earns income primarily from two sources. They are tax revenue and non-tax revenue. Tax revenue are of two types: Direct tax and indirect tax. Tax is paid by the person on whom it is imposed is called direct tax.

Examples:- Personal income tax, Corporate tax etc. While tax is imposed on one person and paid by another is called Indirect tax. Exam pie:- Value added tax, Excise duty, Sales tax, Customs duty, Service tax etc. Along with tax government receives in from two other sources such as surcharge and cess. Additional tax imposed on tax is called surcharge. Additional tax imposed by the government for certain specific purposes is called Cess

Public Expenditure:
Expenditure incurred by the government for various development and non-developmental activities are called Public expenditure. Examples for developmental expenditure are construction of roads, railways, bridges, harbors, setting up of new enterprises, educational institutions and medical institutions. Examples for non-developmental expenditure are expenditure on war, pension, interest etc. India’s public expenditure is increasing because when population increases, facilities for education, health, shelter etc for more people have to be given. For this, the government has to spend more money. There are various reasons for the increase in expenditure.

• Increase in the defense expenditure
• Welfare activities
• Urbanization
• Increase in population

Question 5.
What are the sources of non tax revenue?
Answer:
Fees, fines and penalties, grants, interest and profit are the various sources of non tax revenue.

Question 6.
Rewrite if required
Deficit budget → Income = Expenditure
Surplus budget → Income < Expenditure
Balanced budget → Income > Expenditure
Answer:
Balanced budget → Income = Expenditure
Deficit budget → Income < Expenditure
Surplus budget → Income > Expenditure

Question 7.
What is fiscal policy? Explain its aims.
Answer:
Governments policy regarding public revenue, public expenditure and public debt is called fiscal policy.
There are various aims of fiscal policy.

• Attain Economic stability
• Create employment opportunities
• Controls unnecessary expenditure
• It helps to maintain price stability
• For efficient resource allocation.

Question 8.
Public finance and fiscal policy determines a country’s progress. Substantiate.
Answer:
Public finance and fiscal policy determines a country’s progress. Public finance is the branch of economics that relates to public income, public expenditure and public debt. It is presented through the budget. Fiscal policy is the government policy regarding public revenue, public expenditure and public debt.

These policies are implemented through the budget. Fiscal policy influences a countries progress. A sound fiscal policy helps in nourishing the developmental activities and to attain growth.

Fispal policy controls inflation and deflation which affect economic security. The tax rate is increased when there is inflation. As a result of this, the purchasing power of the people falls. Similarly tax is reduced at the time of deflation. That will increase purchasing power of the people. As a result the demand for products increases. This results in an increase in the price of the products. The timely application of fiscal policy helps the government to over-come such situations.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the chart.

Answer:
a. By government,
b. Non-developmental,
c. For constructing road,
c. Agriculture,
d. interest, pension.

Question 2.
One of the factors which is responsible for the increase in government expenditure has been given. Find out and write some other factors.
1. Population increase
Answer:

• Increase in defense expenditure
• Welfare activities
• Urbanization
• Inflation.

Question 3.
In the above activity you found out the factors responsible for the increase in public expenditure in India. Prepare a small write up using these points.
Answer:
Government undertakes welfare activities in the form of education, health, infrastructure, food, urbanization which leads to increase in public expenditure automatically. Natural calamities makes more expenditures and unemployment also rise the expenditure that is to control unemployment and to attain economic development industrialization must be encouraged. Thus starting new industries and protecting industries increase Public expenditure.

Question 4.
Complete the flow chart, connected with ‘different types of taxes’.

Answer:
a. Indirect Tax,
b. Personal income tax,
c. Tax imposed on the net income or profit of a company,
d. Land tax,
e. Excise duty,
f. Imposed on import and export of products,
g. Service Tax,
h. Taxes imposed on services.

Question 5.
The names of different types of taxes are given below. Categorize them, and fill the tables.

Answer:
Central government taxes

• Corporate tax
• Personal income tax
• Union excise duty

State government taxes

• Land tax
• Stamp duty
• Value Added Tax
• State Excise Duty

Local Self Government Taxes

• Property tax
• Professional tax
• Entertainment tax

Question 6.
Complete the picture.

Answer:
a. Grants
b. Fees
c. Interest
d. Profit

Question 7.
You have successfully found out the main sources of non-tax revenue, in the above activity. Now clarify each of them. An example is given for you.
Interest: Interest is the amount received for the loans provided by the government
Answer:
Fees: Reward collected for the government’s services.
Eg: License fees, Tuition fees, Registration fees etc.

Fines and penalties:Punishments for violating the laws.

Grants: Financial aid provided by one government to another.
For example, grants are provided by central and state government to local self governments.

Interest: Amount received for loans provided by the government to various enterprises, agencies and countries.

Profit: Income received from the enterprises operated by the government.
Eg. Profit from Indian Railways.

Question 8.
Complete the chart

Answer:
a. Loans taken by the government,
b. External Debts,
c. Loans availed by the government from individuals and institutions within the country.

Question 9.
Complete the world wheel.
increase in population.

Answer:

• Increase in Import
• Developmental activities
• Increased Defense expenditure
• Social Welfare Activities.

Question 10.
Find out correct answers from the box given below the table.

Answer:
a. Budget
b. Expenditure = Revenue
c. Surplus Budget
d. Expenditure Revenue
e. Deficit Budget

Question 11.
Fill the blank parts, suitably.
1. Government policy regarding public revenue, public expenditure and public debt is called ……………….
2. There policies are implemented through ………………..
3. Attainment of economic stability is one of its goals. Two other goals are ………….
Answer:
1. Fiscal Policy
2. Budget
3. Create employment opportunities
4. Control Unnecessary expenditure

Question 12.
Put the symbols ↓ or ↑ appropriately, in the blanks.
1. During inflation the tax rate ………….
2. As a result, the purchasing power of the people …………..
3. During deflation the tax rate …………..
4. As a result the purchasing power of the people ……………..
Answer:
1. During inflation the tax rate ↑
2. As a result, the purchasing power of the people ↓
3. During deflation the tax rate ↓
4. As a result the purchasing power of the people ↑

Question 13.
As a following up activity of the former, prepare a short note on ‘Timely application of the fiscal policy during Inflation and Deflation’, by the government.
Answer:
The tax rate is increased when there is inflation. As a result of this the purchasing power of the people falls.Tax is reduced at the time of deflation. This will increase the purchasing power of the people. As a result the demand for products increases. This results in an increase in the price of products.The timely application of fiscal policy helps the government to overcome such situations.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
What is Public expenditure? Which are its two divisions?
Answer:
Public Expenditure: Expenditure incurred by the government is known as Public expenditure. Developmental Expenditure and Non Developmental Expenditure.

The Expenditure incurred by the government for constructing roads, bridges and harbors starting up new enterprises, setting up educational institutes etc are considered as Developmental expenditure. Expenditure incurred by the way of war, interest, pension etc are considered as Non developmental expenditure

Question 2.
Why does India’s, public expenditure in-crease?
Answer:
Welfare Activities, Urbanization, Increase in Defense expenditure.

Question 3.
What is public revenue? Which are its main sources?
Answer:
The income of the government is known as Public revenue.There are two types of public revenue.

1. Tax Revenue
2. Non Tax Revenue

Question 4.
What is the differences between Direct tax and Indirect tax?
Answer:
Direct Tax:

• Tax is paid by the person on whom it is imposed
• Tax burden is felt by the tax payer
• Comparatively high expenditure is incurred for tax collection.

Indirect Tax:

• Tax is imposed on one person and paid by another
• Tax burden is not felt by the tax payer
• Comparatively low expenditure is incurred for tax collection.

Question 5.
What is Corporate tax?
Answer:
It is the tax imposed on the net income or profit of a company.

Question 6.
Differentiate ‘Surcharge and ‘Cess’
Answer:
Additional tax imposed on tax is called surcharge. Generally surcharge is imposed for a specific period. Additional tax is imposed by the government for certain specific purposes is called Cess. Cess will be discontinued when enough money is received.

Question 7.
Who imposes Entertainment tax?
Answer:
Entertainment tax is imposed by Local self government.

Question 8.
Increase is defence expenditure is one of the reasons for the increase in India’s pub-lic debt. Find out 3 other for the same.
Answer:

• Increase in population
• Social Welfare Activities
• Developmental activities.

Question 9.
What is ‘budget’? Which are its three types?
Answer:
Budget is the financial statement showing the expected income and expenditure of the government during a financial year. Three types of budget are Balanced Budget, Surplus Budget, Deficit budget.

Question 10.
What is fiscal policy? What is the merit of a sound fiscal policy?
Answer:
Government’s policy regarding public revenue, public expenditure and public debt is called a Fiscal policy. A sound fiscal policy helps in nourishing the developmental activities and to attain growth.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue SCERT Questions And Answers

Question 1.
Some of the activities performed by welfare governments are given below.Complete the table by incorporating other two activities.
1. Distribution of welfare pension
2. Empowering General education
3. a ……………………..
4. b ………………….
Answer:
a. Public health care protection
b. Environment protection.

Question 2.
What is meant by public expenditure?
Answer:
Expenditure of the government for public welfare.

Question 3.
Which are the two main sources of public revenue of the government?
Answer:

• Tax revenue
• Non-tax revenue

Question 4.
What is the major difference between direct tax and indirect tax.
Answer:

• Tax is paid by the person on whom it is imposed
• Tax is imposed on one and paid by another.

Question 5.
List down the main features of direct tax and indirect tax.
Answer:
Direct tax:

• Tax paid by the tax payer
• Tax burden is felt by the tax payer
• Comparatively expensive

Indirect tax:

• Tax is imposed on one and paid by another
• Tax burden is not felt by the tax payer
• Comparatively low expenditure.

Question 6.
Two major direct taxes are given below. Explain them.
1. Personal income tax
2. Corporate tax
Answer:
1. Tax imposed on the income of the individuals
2. Tax imposed on the net income or profit of a company.

Question 7.
Prepare a description about the indirect taxes in India.
Answer:
Describe value added tax, excise duty, customs duty and service tax.

Question 8.
Classify the taxes given below as direct tax and indirect tax.
a. Personal income tax,
b. Excise duty,
c. Corporate income tax
d. Value added tax
Answer:
a. Direct tax – Personal income tax,
b. corporate tax
c. Indirect tax – Excise duty,
d. Value added tax

Question 9.
Classify the following taxes properly as mentioned in the table.
1. Entertainment tax
2. Value added tax
3. Property tax
4. Personal income tax
5. Corporate tax
6. tamp duty
7. and tax
8. Professional tax
Answer:

• Central Government: Corporate tax, Personal Income tax.
• State Government: Value added tax, Stamp duty, Land tax.
• Local Self Government: Property tax, Entertainment tax, Professional tax.

Question 10.
Prepare a note on the different sources of income of the state government.
Answer:
Describes the tax income of the state government such as value added tax, stamp duty, state excise duty, land tax.

Question 11.
Write your opinion about the taxes that affect ordinary people.
Answer:
Write about indirect tax and your opinion on price hike, economic inequality.

Question 12.
Some non-tax income are given below. Ex-plain them.
1. Fees
2. Grant
3. Interest
4. Profit
Answer:
Explain fees, grant, interest and profit.

Question 13.
Prepare a short note on the impact of public debt in India.
Answer:
Write and explain the negative result of in-creasing public debt.

Question 14.
Table showing the internal and external debt of India from 2010 -11 to 2015 -16 is given below. Observe the table and answer the following.
a. When compared to 2010 -11 how much was the increase in public debt in 2015-16
b. What conclusions do you arrive at by comparing the internal and external debt?
c. What might be the reasons for increasing public debt in India?
Answer:
a. Debt doubled
b. Internal debt is more than external debt
c. Expenses for Defense, Increase in population, Social welfare activities, Development activities.

Question 15.
What is meant by public finance?
Answer:
A branch of Economics that deals with public income, public expenditure and public debt.

Question 16.
How do you think that the payment and nonpayment of tax with affect the development of a nation?
Answer:

• Explains the advantages of paying tax
• Explains the disadvantages of not paying tax.

Question 17.
What is budget? What is the importance of budget in economic activities of the government?
Answer:

• An economic document that shows the income and expenditure of the government in a financial year.
• Explains the importance of the budget.

Question 18.
How do you differentiate direct tax from in¬direct tax?
Answer:
In direct tax, tax is imposed one and another person pays the tax

Question 19.
What are the features of public income and public expenditure?
Answer:
The features of public expenditure and public revenue. Explain different type of budgets.

Question 20.
Explain different type of budgets.
Answer:

• Balanced budget : Income and expenditure are equal.
• Surplus budget : Income is more than expenditure.
• Deficit budget: Expenditure is more than income

Question 21.
What are the major features of the fiscal policy?
Answer:
The features of fiscal policy

Question 22.
Which are the major sources of income in Central budget?
Answer:
Corporate tax, Personal income tax, Customs duty, Excise duty.

Question 23.
What are the features of internal debt and external debt.
Answer:
The features of internal debtapd external debt.

Question 24.
Compare developmental expenditure and non-developmental expenditure.
Answer:
Write and explains developmental expenditure and non-developmental expenditure.

Question 25.
Public finance and fiscal policy determines the development of nation. Substantiate.
Answer:
Write and substantiates public finance and fiscal policy.

Question 26.
Explain what is fiscal policy and what are its objectives.
Answer:
Write and explains fiscal policy

• Economic stability
• Employment opportunity
• Control unnecessary expenses
• Control inflation and deflation
• Economic discipline

Question 27.
Analyse the pie diagram given below and answer the following.

a. Through which tax did government get more income?
b.How much income is received through service tax?
c. Which is the highest source of non tax revenue to the Central Government?
d Does tax revenue or non-tax revenue bring more income to the government?
Answer:
a. Corporate tax,
b. 209774 crores,
c. Profit,
d. Tax income.

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who collects professional tax ?
Answer:
Local self government institutions.

Question 2.
The government servants in a Panchayat area pay tax to the Panchayat. Which type of tax is this ?
Answer:
This is professional tax

Question 3.
Give some examples for direct taxes in India.
Answer:
Personal income tax, Corporate tax.

Question 4.
What are the source of Non- tax revenue ?
Answer:
Fees, fines and penalties. Grants, interest, Profit.

Question 5.
What are the two types of customs duty?
Answer:
Export duty and import duty.

Question 6.
a. For what purpose, the government spend money ?
b. Identify the areas where local self government under takes expenditure ?
Answer:
a.The government money for undertaking public institution and for attaining social welfare.
b. Education sector, Health sector, Social welfare, Public work, Drinking water.

Question 7.
Complete the following table based on the institutions which collects the different types of taxes given below.
Answer:

Question 8.
What is public revenue ? What are the two source of public revenue ?
Answer:
The income of the Govt is known as public revenue. Tax revenue and non-tax revenue are the two sources of public revenue.

Question 9.
What is public expenditure? What are the two source of public expenditure ?
Answer:
The expenditure incurring by the government is known as public expenditure. Developmental and non-developmental expenditures are the two sources of public expenditure.

Question 10.
Why does India’s Public expenditure in-creases ? Suggest some reasons.
Answer:

• Increase in the defense expenditure
• Welfare activities
• Urbanization
• Increasing Population
• Various developmental activities.

Question 11.
Give a brief account on Taxes ?
Answer:
Taxes are the main source of income for the Government. The amount to be compulsorily paid by the public to the government for expenditure such as welfare activities, developmental activities etc incurred in public interest is called tax. The person who pays tax is called tax payer. Taxes are of two types. Direct tax and indirect taxes.

Question 12.
What is personal income tax and corporate tax.
Answer:
The tax imposed on the income of individuals is called income tax. Tax rate increases with income. Tax is imposed on income beyond a certain limit. It is the tax imposed on the net income or profit of a company.

Question 13.
What are the major indirect taxes in India.
Answer:
Value added tax, Excise duty, Customs duty, Service tax.

Question 14.
What is Value added tax ? Write its advantages and disadvantages ?
Answer:
It was introduced in France in 1954. A product reaches the consumers through different stages. Value is added at each stage. Taxes which are imposed on such value is called Value Added Tax (VAT).

Advantages:

• Can avoid conceding effect
• As tax is paid at different stages, malpractices can be minimized.
• Help to collect correct information on production and trade
• As there are chances for giving tax subsidy it promotes exports.
• Easy to introduce tax is not concentrated in a place alone.

Disadvantages:

• Tax collection is expensive
• Not a simple tax system, especially for developing countries.
• Success depends on the co-operation of tax collectors.
• Chance of small purchase exist.
• Difficult for small traders as they have to keep correct accounts.
• Everybody has to keep correct accounts.

Question 15.
Give a brief accounts on non- tax re venue ?
Answer:
Fees Fees is the reward collected for the governments services. License fee, registration fee, tuition fee, etc. are the examples.

Fine and penalties :- Fines and penalties are punishments for violating the laws.

Grants:- Grants are the financial aid provided by one government to another. For example grants are provided by central and state goveminent to local self Governments.

Interest:- Interest is the amount received for the loans provided by the government to various enterprises, agencies and countries.

Profit:- Profit is the income received from the enterprises operated by the government.
For example profit from the Indian railways.

Question 16.
Explain about various indirect taxes in India?
Answer:
Excise duty :- Tax imposed at the production stage of a commodity.
Customs duty :- Imposed on import and export of products.
Service tax :- The tax imposed on services called service tax.

Question 17.
What is surcharge?
Answer:
Additional tax imposed on tax is called surcharge. Generally surcharge is imposed for a specific period.

Question 18.
What do you mean by Cess?
Answer:
Additional tax imposed by the government for certain specific purpose is called Cess. Cess will be discontinued when enough money is received.

Question 19.
Give a brief account on taxes imposed by the central, the state, and the local self government
Answer:
Central Government:

• Corporate tax
• Personal income tax
• Union excise duty

State Government:

• Value added tax
• Stamp duty
• State excise duty
• Land tax

Local Self Government:

• Property tax
• Professional tax
• Entertainment tax.

Question 20.
Increase in tax rate leads to increase in the price of commodities. Which of the following will you recommend for tax imposition ? Why ? Gold jeweler, Diamond jeweler, Life saving medicines, Petroleum products, Salt, Luxury cars.
Answer:
I will recommend to impose tax on gold jeweler, Diamond jeweler and luxury cars. I will not recommend to impose tax on petroleum product, salt, life saving medicines etc because they are essential commodities. The price of there will increase as a result of tax imposition and it will affect the standard of living of the common people. .

Question 21.
Classify the following taxes into Direct and Indirect taxes.
1. Agricultural tax,
2. Entertainment tax,
3. Profes-sional tax,
4. Income tax,
5. Customs duty,
6. Excise duty – Land tax,
7. Property tax,
8. Vehicle tax.
Answer:
Direct tax :-
Income tax, Agricultural tax, Professional tax, Land tax, Property tax, Vehicle tax.

Indirect tax :-
Customs duty, Excise duty, Entertainment tax, Service tax.

Question 22.
High rate is imposed on liquor and drugs, What is the objective behind this ?
Answer:
By imposing high tax on liquor and drug the government get high income, and spend it for social welfare. Now a days the number of ; people, using drugs are increased. Through , imposing high tax on liquor and drug the government brings a social control, that is the j aim of the government is social welfare with j increased income.

Question 23.
Grant is an example of non- tax revenue to government. Identify the other non-tax sources of Income to a government ?
Answer:
Profit :- Central government gets profits from public sector undertakings like Railways, BSNL etc. The state government receives pro fit from state enterprises like KSFE, KEL- TRONetc.

Income from public property :- It includes rent for government owned land and rent for govt buildings.

Payments for government service :- Tuition fee registration fee and license fee etc.

Debts :- Internal and external borrowings

Fines :- Government imposes a fine upon who violate some rules. This is a source of income of the government.

Question 24.
What are public debt? Write two types of public debt ?
Answer:
The loans taken by the government is called public debt. Internal debt and external debt are the two kinds of public debt.

Question 25.
Distinguish between Internal debt and external debt
Answer:
internal debt :- The loans availed by the government from individuals and institution with in the country.

External debt :- The loans availed from foreign governments and international institutions.

Question 26.
Given below is the table indicating the internal and external debt of India from 2010-11 to 2015-16.

Question 27.
How much did public debt increase in 2015-16 compared to 2010-11 ? What conclusion can be arrived at while comparing internal debt with external debt?
Answer:

• 2678921 crores.
• Internal debt is more than external debt.

Question 28.
What are the reason for the increase in Indian public debt ?
Answer:

• Increased defense expenditure.
• Expense on educator and other service. Social welfare activities
• Developmental activities
• Urbanization
• Increase in import
• Unemployment benefit
• Expenses for periodic elections.
• To meet loss caused by natural calamities.

Question 29.
Apart from internal and external debt what are the various kinds of debts ?
Answer:
Productive debt and unproductive debt :- If the borrowed amount is used for productive purposes it is known as productive debt. Unproductive debt includes expenses like war finance and covering budgetary deficit. Compulsory and voluntary debt Compulsory debt is done in times of war, inflation etc. If the people are free to buy or not to buy the bonds debentures issued by the government. It is voluntary debt.

Redeemable and Irredeemable debt :- Redeem able debts are repaid with in a specific period of time. It there is no time limit for repayment it is redeemable debt.

Funded and Unfunded debt :- Funded debts are taken for a long period and for specific purpose. Short term debts are called unfunded debts.

Question 30.
What is public finance ?
Answer:
Public finance is the branch of economics that relates to public income, public expenditure and public debt. Public finance is presented through the budget.

Question 31.
Define the term budget ?
Answer:
Budget is the financial statement showing the expected income and expenditure of the government during a financial year. In India, financial year is from April 1 to March 31.

Question 32.
What are the three types of Budget
Answer:

• Surplus budget
• Deficit budget
• Balanced budget

Question 33.
Fill in those aspects which are missing in facts related with budget
1. Budget deficit :- Total budget expenditure …………..
2. Revenue deficit :- Revenue expense ………………
3. Surplus Budget :- Expenditure ………………..
4. ………………. = Budget deficit+borrowing
Answer:

• Total budget income
• Revenue income
• Income
• Fiscal deficit

Question 34.
What are the various aims of budget?
Answer:

• To ensure accountability
• To serve as a tool of management for controlling administration.
• To help economic planning.
• To work as a method for collection public fund.
• To work as a basis for public welfare.
• As a tool for policy formulation to government.
• To work as a source of information to the public about government programmes.

Question 35.
Distinguish between inflation and deflation.
Answer:
A general rise in price of commodities is called inflation. A general fall in price of commodities is called deflation.

Question 36.
What is fiscal policy ? Explain is main goals. The policy relating to taxes, public expenditure and borrowings is known as fiscal policy.
Answer:
Goals:

• Attain economic stability
• Create employment opportunities.
• Control Unnecessary expenditure
• Economic development of a nation.
• Control monopoly.
• Increase employment opportunities
• Eradication of poverty
• Maintain equilibrium in international trade
• Reducing economic inequality

Question 37.
The following are the features related to certain taxes. Find out the type of taxes.
a. Taxes burden is not to the tax payer.
b. Tax payer himself bears the burden of tax
Answer:
a. Indirect tax
b. Direct tax

Question 38.
How do fiscal policy controls inflation and deflation of a country.
Answer:
The tax rate is increased when there is inflation as a result of this purchasing power of the people falls. Tax is reduced when there is deflation.This will increase purchasing power of the people. So the demand for the products increases. The timely application of fiscal policy helps the government.

Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 5 Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Notes Malayalam Medium പൊതു ചെലവും പൊതുവരുമാനവും

Public Expenditure and Public Revenue Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 3 Human Resource Development in India Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Notes Malayalam Medium ഇന്ത്യയിലെ മാനവ വിഭവശേഷി വികസനം

Human Resource Development in India Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

You can download India: The Land of Diversities Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 2 Chapter 7 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 7 India: The Land of Diversities Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 7 Notes

India is a large country with liverse topography. The major peographical features are the Northern mountain ranges, the trans-Himalayan, the Himalayas and the Eastern high lands, the northern plains. The Himalayan rivers, the desert which is part of the northern plains. In the peninsular India, the mountains are the Aravalli mountains, Vindhya, satpura, western ghats, and the eastern ghats. The long western and eastern coastal plain and the islands of laccading and Andaman and Nicolas Islands also is part of India.

India The Land Of Diversity Sslc Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 1.
Answer the following questions with the help of Atlas.
i) Countries of Indian subcontinent
ii) Countries sharing land frontier with India
iii) Neighboring countries situated in Indian Ocean
Answer:
i) Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh
ii) Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
iii) Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Maldives

Sslc Geography Chapter 7 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Mountains of Northern Mountain system are depicted in the figure. Name the places.

Answer:
A) 1) Karakoram
2) Ladakh
3) Zaskar
B) 1) Himadri
2) Himachal
3) Siwalik
C) 1) Patkai Bum
2) Naga hills
3) Khasi, Garo,
4) Mizo hills

India The Land Of Diversities Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 3.
Name the in the Eastern hill region.
Answer:

• Assam
• Nagaland
• Meghalaya
• Mizoram
• Arunachal Pradesh
• Manipur
• Sikkim
• Tripura

Sslc Geography Chapter 7 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Mark the mountain ranges belonging to the northern mountains in the outline map of India provided.
Answer:

India The Land Of Diversity Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 5.
Observe the figure and write down the Himalayan rivers, their tributaries, and the states through which they flow.

Answer:

India The Land Of Diversity In Geography Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 6.
Identify the states included in Northern Great Plains.
1. West Bengal
2. Bihar
3. ……….
4. ……….
Answer:
1. West Bengal
2. Bihar
3. Rajastan
4. Punjab
5. Uttarakhand
6. U.P
7. Assam

Scert Class 10 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 7.
Name the region where alluvial soil is found in India.
Answer:

• Northern great plains
• Coastal plains
• Riverbanks

Sslc Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 8.
In between which physiographic divisions is the Northern Great plains located?
Answer:
Between Northern mountains and peninsular plateau.

Hss Live Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 9.
The Northern Great Plains have a good network of roads, rail, and canals. Why?
Answer:
The Northern Great plains are formed by the alluvial deposits of Himalayan rivers. This is one of the largest alluvial plains of the world. Since it has a flat topography, construction of roads, rail and canals is easy.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus  Question 10.
The Marusthali-Bagar region of Rajasthan is least populated. Why?
Answer:
Marusthali-Bagar which constitutes the western part of Northern Great Plains receives very less rainfall. This has become a desert. The hottest place in India, Jaisalmer, is in this desert. Desert soil with rich salt content and less moisture content is found here. This soil is not suitable for agriculture. Shrubs and thorny plants grow here. Due to these, this region is least populated.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Chapter 7 Question 11.
Prepare a seminar paper on the topic: The Influence of Northern Great Plains in India’s Development.
Answer:
Northern Great Plains situated between Northern mountain system and Peninsular plateau play a decisive role in the economic development of India. Northern Great Plains is formed due to the continuous depositional activity of the Himalayan rivers. With several thousand kilometers of thickness, these plains spread to about 7 lakh km². This plain is one of the world’s most extensive alluvial plains. The plains are also known as Indo- Gangetic-Brahmaputra plain.

Alluvial soils are the major type of soil in there plains. There soils are highly fertile. So there plains are called the backbone of Indian agriculture. The Northern Plains are also known as the granary of India. Major crops cultivated here are wheat, maize, paddy, sugarcane, cotton and pulses. Fertile soils, flat land and the availability of waterthroughout the year attract people to these plains. So it is the most densely populates region in India. A variety of food crops and cash crops which add to the economic prosperity of India are produced here.

Along with agriculture, many agro-based industries and mineral-based industries are located here. The growth of industries paved the way for the emergence of many cities. The major Indian cities are located in these plains. The plains have well-connected road and railway network which help to transport goods to different parts of the country. The Great Plains are the birthplace of Indian culture. Many Hindu pilgrim centers are located here. Thus the Great Plains help in the cultural life of India also.

Sslc Social Science Malayalam Medium Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 12.
Mark the major features of the peninsular plateau in the outline map of India. Provides map of India
Answer:
Provides map of India

Social Notes For Class 10 State Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 13.
Observe the map (fig 8.2) and find out the rivers flowing through the peninsular plateau.

Answer:
Mahanadi
Godaveri, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada, Tapti

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 14.
Peninsular rivers and the direction flow:
Answer:

10th Social Science Notes Pdf State Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 15.
The Himalayan ranges are known as a natural barrier. What changes would have happened in India if this mountain range was not there? Explain with example.
Answer:
The Himalayan ranges influence the culture, economy, and climate of India. The Himalayan ranges run at a distance of about 2400 km from Kashmir to Indian border in the east.

• The Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain system, separates Indian subcontinent from the Asian continent and helped India from foreign aggression and the development of its own culture.
• Protects the North Indian states from severe cold by preventing the cold winds blowing from north Asian regions.
• It obstructs the monsoon winds and brings the whole of India under rainfall.
• The glaciers and ice fields in the Himalayan peaks are storehouse of freshwater. These are the sources of origin for the Himalayan rivers which help in the economic prosperity of India.
• Indo-Gangetic plains, formed by the alluvial deposits of these rivers are the backbone of India agriculture and the granary of India.
• The Himalayas is the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.
• This region with cool climate and beautiful natural scenery is a tourist paradise.
• In the absence of the Himalayas, all the above-mentioned factors would not have been available to India.

Social 10th Class Notes State Syllabus Chapter 7 Question 16.
What are the characteristics of Peninsular rivers compared to Himalayan rivers?
Answer:
Peninsular rivers have:

• Less catchment area
• Intensity of erosion is less
• Deep valleys are not formed because they flow through hard rocks.
• Less potential for inland navigation.
• Rainfed only

Question 17.
The Northern Great Plains are the most densely populated region in India. Give reason.
Answer:
Alluvial soil, the most fertile soil is found in the Great Plains. The Great Plain is known as the granary of India. The Himalayan rivers flowing through the plains provide water throughout the year. Flatland enables the construction of good network of roads and railways. India’s agriculture and industries are concentrated here. Road, rail and canal transport help to carry people and goods. Due to these rea¬sons, the Northern Great Plains are the most densely populated region in India.

Question 18.
Most of the peninsular river enters the plain by forming waterfalls. Why is it so?
Answer:
Most of the peninsular mountains and through the plateau regions. So when they enter the plain waterfalls are formed.

Question 19.
Complete the table showing details of Peninsular rivers.

Answer:

What Plants Grow on Mount Everest Question 20.
Name the highest waterfall in India.
Answer:
Jog falls in Saravathi river in Karnataka

10th Standard in India Question 21.
Using the indicators, complete the columns in the table.

Answer:

Average Height of Kerala Question 22.
The names of some major towns and cities situated along the river banks are given below. Prepare a. table in the given format by identify the river banks along which each is located. Also, locate these towns and cities in the outline map of India.
Answer:
New Delhi: Agra, Devaprayag, Varanasi, Allahabad, Patna, Guvaheti, Kolkata, Ludiyana, Srinagar, Ahamedabad, Surat, Vijayawada, Thiruchirapally, Tanjavur, Coorg.

Question 23.
Delta are commonly formed along the east coastal plain, but not along the west coastal plain, why is it so?
Answer:
When compared to the western coastal plain, eastern coastal is wider. So the east-flowing rivers at its lower coast flows through vast plains creating deltas.

Question 24.
Mark the Lakshadweep Islands and Andaman and Nicobar on the pep of India.
Answer:

Question 25.
Point out 2 features of desert soil.
Answer:

1. Rich salt content
2. Very little moisture content

Question 26.
Mark the answers to the following geoinformation in the outline map of India.

a) The southernmost Himalayan range
b) Major type of soil in Marusthali Bagar plain
c) Coromandel Coast
d) The southernmost point of India
Answer:
a) Siwalik
b) Desert soil
c) Coromandel Coast
d) Indira Point

Question 27.
From which state do the following rivers originate?
Narmada, Mahanadi, Tapti, Cauvery,
Krishna, Godavari
Answer:

Question 28.
The names of some rivers are given. List them as originating from the Himalayas and from the Western Ghats.
Jhelum, Cauvery, Yamuna, Krishna, Kosi, Godavari
Answer:

Question 29.
Why is Peninsular plateau called the storehouse of minerals?
Answer:

1. There are large deposits of different minerals occur in this area.
2. Iron ore, coal, manganese, bauxite, limestone, etc. are found.

Question 30.
Which are the river valleys in eastern coastal plain where paddy is cultivated on a large scale?
Answer:
River valleys of Cauvery, Krishna, Godavari, and Mahanadi
Climate:
In India like physiography climate also is diverse. Latitude, physiography nearness to ocean and attitude are the factors influencing the climate of India. In India seasons can be generally classified into winter season December, January, February. Summer: March, April, May, June, Southwest monsoon season June, July, August, September, Northeast monsoon season October, November, Summer, and winter is severe in north India. In peninsular India there is not much difference in the summer and winter temperature. Southwest monsoon brings plenty of rainfall to the western coast of India, whereas the coromandel coast receives rain from the northeast monsoon.

Question 31.
Which are the winter months in India?
Answer:
December, January, February

Question 32.
Coastal regions experience comparatively high temperatures. why?
Answer:
Water has a higher heat capacity than soil and rock. So the ocean takes much longer to heat and to cool than the land.

Question 33.
Which are the months of southwest monsoon season in India?
Answer:
June, July, August, September

Question 34.
Rainfall is comparatively less along the eastern slopes of the western ghats, why?
Answer:
The eastern slope of the western ghats lies to the law and side of the southwest monsoon. So this region has become a rain shadow region.

Question 35.
By what name is the southwest monsoon rain known in Kerala?
Answer:
‘Idavapathi’

Question 36.
What is the role of eastern high lands in the heavy rainfall in the northeastern states?
Answer:
The Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest Mon¬soon advances northward by absorbing more mois¬ture from the Bay of Bengal. Again it bifurcates and one branch
which turns towards northeastern states is blocked by the eastern highlands bringing plenty of rainfall.

Question 37.
‘What causes the rightward deflection of these winds?
Answer:
In the northern home, sphere winds deflect towards right due to the conolis effect and the southward movement of the sun.

Question 38.
By what name is the northeast monsoon rain known in Kerala?
Answer:
Thulavarsham

Question 39.
Observe the map on your textbook page 131 and answer the following questions.
i) Places receiving more than 200cm rainfall
ii) Places receiving less than 60cm rainfall
iii) Reason for the imbalance in the distribution of rainfall.
Answer:
i) Kerala, Northeastern states
ii) Rajasthan, Interior of Decan and the earth of the sahadris.
iii) Physiography, Distance from the sea

Question 40.
What is western disturbance? Write its benefit.
Answer:
During the cold-weather season of India, low pres¬sure systems develop over the Mediterranean sea and travel towards east under the influence of jet streams and enter India. This causes winter rainfall in North plains, especially in Punjab. This is known as western disturbance. This is most suitable for the cultivation of rabi crops like wheat and barley.

Question 41.
Explain ‘October heat’.
Answer:
The northeast monsoon season experienced in the months of October and November is an interval between rainy season and cold weather season. The high temperature and humidity experienced all over India during this time make the day time very un-comfortable or sultry. This phenomenon is called October heat.

Question 42.
Though northeast monsoon winds are dry, they cause heavy rainfall over the Coromandel coast of India. How?
Answer:
During the northeast monsoon period, low pressure areas are formed over the Bay of Bengal and attract air from land. The monsoon winds which blow from land to ocean get moisture from the Bay of Bengal and move in south-east direction. These winds cause heavy rainfall over the Coromandel coast.

Question 43.
Which are the different types of soil found in India?
Answer:

1. Alluvial soil
2. Black soil
3. Red soil
4. Laterite soil
5. Desert soil
6. Mountain soil

Question 44.
Complete the following flow chart.

Answer:

Question 45.
Mention the heights of
i) Mount Everest
ii) Mount K2
Answer:
i) 8848 m
ii) 8661 m

Question 46.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 47.
Regions close to oceans experience high temperatures during winter season. Why?
Answer:
Land gets heated up and cools quickly than ocean. Land experiences high pressure during winter season and ocean low pressure. The dense air from regions lying close to ocean move to less dense air area of ocean. This reduces the cold of those places.

Question 48.
During southwest monsoon period, less rainfall is experienced on the east of Western Ghats. Why?
Answer:
The Western ghats obstruct the rain-bearing Arabian sea branch of southwest monsoon winds and cause heavy rainfall on the western margins in the state of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra. But the east of Western Ghats receives only less rainfall. This is because by the time the monsoon winds cross the Western Ghats and reach the east, the moisture content in them will be lost. This is the reason why Tamil Nadu gets scanty rainfall during southwest monsoon period while Kerala receives heavy rainfall. The eastern part of Western Ghats is a rain shadow region.

Question 49.
What are the reasons for regional distribution of rainfall in India?
Answer:

1. Physiography
2. Location of mountain ranges
3. Nearness to oceans
4. Distance from oceans
5. Direction of wind.
6. Extent of land

Question 50.
How is India divided on the basis of the distribution of rainfall?
Answer:

• Heavy rainfall regions (above 200 ems): West coast plains, northeastern states and sonic parts in the Himalayan regions.
• High rainfall regions (between 100 and 200 ems): Western Ghats regions, most parts of North Indian Plains, Northeastern parts of Peninsular India and northeastern regions.
• Moderate rainfall regions (between 60 and 100 ems): Southwest of Kashmir, Malwa Plateau, Deccan Plateau and central parts of Tamil Nadu.
• Low rainfall regions (below 60 ems): Rajasthan, western parts of Gujarat, central parts of Deccan Plateau and northern parts of Kashmir.

Question 51.
What are the peculiarities of Lakshadweep?
Answer:

• Located in the Arabian Sea about 300 kms away from Kochi.
• Consists of 36 islands.
• Only 11 islands are inhabited
• Kavarathi is the capital of Lakshadweep
• Lagoons, sandy shores, and coral reefs are present.
• Agriculture is only namesake and people mainly depend on sea for livelihood.
• Fishing and tourism are the main sources of incomb.

Question 52.
Write the peculiarities of Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Answer:

1. Situated in the Bay of Bengal.
2. Consist of two groups of islands – Andaman with 200 islands and Nicobar with 19 islands.
3. Majority of the islands are uninhabited.
4. Most of them have thick forests.
5. The only volcano of India is situated in the Barren island here. –
6. Port Blair is the capital.

Question 53.
Complete the following table showing the features of soils in India.

Answer:


Indira Point which is the southern tip of Nicobar islands is treated as the southernmost part of India.

Question 54.
Which are the two branches of southwest monsoon winds? Identify the regions where they cause rainfall.
Answer:
Due to the peculiar shape of the Indian peninsula, the southwest monsoon winds enter India by bifurcating into two branches -Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.

Arabian Sea Branch:
The Arabian sea branch which reaches Kerala coast by the beginning of June gives heavy rainfall in the western parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra.

Bay of Bengal branch:
The Bay of Bengal branch which absorbs moisture from Bay of Bengal advances through Sundarban delta and enters West Bengal and bifurcates into two. One branch enters the Brahmaputra plains and gives heavy rainfall in the northeastern states. Khasi, Garo hills obstruct the winds to cause rainfall.

The other branch enters the Ganga plains and gives rainfall in the states of West Bengal, Bihar, and Utter Pradesh. This branch joins with the Arabian Sea branch in the Punjab plain, moves northward and gives heavy rainfall in the foothills of the Himalayas.

Question 55.
The highest peak in India is ………………
Answer:
Mount K2

Question 56.
After studying the features of Indian coastal regions, Suresh said that eastern coast is entirely different form western coast
a) Do you agree with this?
b) Why?
Answer:
a) Yes, I agree
b) The reasons are given below.

Question 57.
Prepare a short description about the Northern Mountain region.
Answer:
These mountain ranges starting from the northwest of Kashmir and extending up to the eastern boundary of India is known as the Northern Mountains. This mountain range is classified into Trans Himalayas, Himalayas and Eastern Highlands.

Question 58.
Prepare a description about the Himalayas.
Answer:
The Himalayan mountain ranges extend between the Trans Himalayas and the eastern high lands. These mountain ranges have a length of 2400 km. Many of the world’s highest peaks are situated here. The height of these mountains tends to decrease towards the east. The physical division extending over 5 lakh sq.km, comprises of three parallel mountain ranges.

Question 59.
What are the features of Himadri, which is part of Himalayas?
Answer:

1. The highest mountain range.
2. Average altitude is 6000 meters.
3. Origin of the rivers Ganga and Brahmaputra has a number of peaks above 8000 meters.

Question 60.
Differentiate Himachal from Himadri and Siwalik.
Answer:
Situated to the south of the Himadri Average altitude is 3000 mts. The hill stations like Shimla, Darjeeling, etc. are situated in the southern slopes of this range.

Question 61.
What are the features of Siwalik?
Answer:

1. Situated to the south of the Himachal.
2. Average altitude is 1220 meters.
3. As the Himalayan rivers cut across this range, its continuity breaks at many places. Broad flat valleys seen
4. along these ranges are called Duns.

Question 62.
Cherrapunji, the place receiving the highest rainfall in the world is located in which mountain?
Answer:
Eastern highlands/ Poorvachal

Question 63.
On which mountain range are the hill stations like Shimla and Darjeeling?
a. Himadri
b. Himachal
c. Siwalik
d. Poorvachal
Answer:
b. Himachal

Question 64.
What are ‘Duns
Answer:
Broad flat valleys formed as Himalayan rivers cut across this range are called Duns.

Question 65.
Identify the correct statements related to Himalayas rivers.
a. Comparatively smaller catchment area.
b. Extensive catchment area.
c. Intensity of erosion is less.
d. Intensive erosion
(i) ‘a’ and ‘c’ are correct
(ii) ‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct
(iii) ‘b’ and ‘c’ are correct
(iv) ‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct,
Answer:
‘b’ and ‘d’ are correct

Question 66.
On which coasted plain do deltas are formed?
Answer:
Eastern coastal plain

Question 67.
What is ‘October heat’?
Answer:
During October-November, which is the transition period between the rainy season to winter. During this time the days become unbearable due to high temperature
and humidty. This phenomenon is known as October heat.

Question 68.
Which Monsoon season brings rainfall to the coromandel coast?
Answer:
North-East Monsoon/ Retreating Monsoon.

Question 69.
The Himalayan ranges are known as a natural bar¬rier. What changes would have happened in India if this mountain range was not there? Explain with example.
Answer:
The Himalayan ranges influence the culture, economy, and climate of India. The Himalayan ranges run at a distance of about 2400 km from Kashmir to Indian border in the east.

• The Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain system, separates Indian subcontinent from the Asian continent and helped India from foreign aggression and the development of its own culture.
• Protects the North Indian states from severe cold by preventing the cold winds blowing from north Asian regions.
• It obstructs the monsoon winds and brings the whole of India under rainfall.
• The glaciers and ice fields in the Himalayan peaks are storehouse of freshwater. These are the sources of origin for the Himalayan rivers which help in the economic prosperity of India.
• Indo-Gangetic plains, formed by the alluvial deposits of these rivers, are the backbone of India agriculture and the granary of India.
• The Himalayas is the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.
• This region with cool climate and beautiful natural scenery is a tourist paradise.
• In the absence of the Himalayas, all the above-mentioned factors would not have been available to India. ‘

Question 70.
Distinguish between Himalayan rivers and Penisular rivers.
Answer:

Question 71.
What are the characteristics of Peninsular rivers compared to Himalayan rivers?
Answer:
Peninsular rivers have:

• Less catchment area
• Intensity of erosion is less
• Deep valleys are not formed because they flow through hard rocks.
• Less potential for inland navigation.
• Rainfed only

Question 72. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Given is the map showing the direction of monsoon winds. Observe the map and prepare a description based on the hints given.

1. Monsoon season
2. Nature of winds
Answer:
South-west monsoon winds enter the Indian subcontinent after bifurcating due to the peculiar shape of peninsular India. The Arabian sea branch enters the western coast and brings rainfall to the western coasted area. The Bay of Bengal branch enters India through odishe and Sudarban delta and again bifurcates and brings rainfall to northeastern.

Question 73. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Identify the rivers hinted below and write any two features of them.
a) River originating from the Chema-yung-dung glacier in the Kaila’s ranges.
b) One of the major tributaries is Yamuna
Answer:
Brahmaputra flows through Tibet first and enters India and flow 725KM through India and enters Bangladesh Ganga is the longest river flowing through India. It joins Brahmaputra after entering Bangladesh.

Question 74. (Qn. Pool-2017)
While comparing it is understood that the Himalayan Rivers are quite different from the Peninsular rivers in every respect. Substantiate.
Answer:

Question 75. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the factors causing variations in the cli¬mate experienced in India?
Answer:

1. Latitude
2. Physiography
3. Nearness to ocean
4. Attitude

Question 76. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Describe the characteristics of the different seasons in India.
Answer:
Major seasons experienced in India are

• Winter season from December to February. During this time extreme cold and snowfall in the Himalayan region is usual. Due to the origin of cyclone the Mediterranean and its shift towards eart under the influenced of the stream brings rainfall in Punjab and Hariyana known as the western disturbance.
• Summer season: Summer months are March to June in India. During this time extreme heat is experienced in rest India.
• Southwest monsoon season: This is the highest rainfall season in India. Sun is in the northern hemisphere low-pressure area increated and as a result wind defect right and reach Indians sub continued.
• Northeast monsoon season. By the end of September, then sun is in the southern hemisphere low pressure is created over bay of Bengal and the Monsoon winds deflect right and blow from the northeast directions.

Question 77.
Write notes by mentioning the major soil types and the major crops cultivated in the northern plains as well as in the peninsular plateau.
Answer:

Question 78. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Name the branches of southwest monsoon bifurcated by the Indian peninsula. How do these branches influence the climate of India?
Answer:
Arabian sea branch. The Arabian sea branch reaches the coast of Kerala by early June comes heavy rainfall in the western coastal areas. The Bay of Bengal branch of the Southwest

Question 79. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the location of India based on latitudes and longitudes.
Answer:
Between the latitudes 8° 4′ North and 37° 25′ North latitudes.
Between the longitudes 68° 7′ East and 97° 25′ East longitudes.

Question 80. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The names of a few mountain ranges are given below. Categorize and tabulate them suitably, TransHimalayas, Himalayas, Eastern mountains.
a) Karakoram
b) Jaintia
c) Himachal
d) Shiwalik
e) Ladak
f) Naga hills
Answer:

Question 81. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write notes on the Himalayan rivers based on the given hints.
1. Origin
2. Tributaries
3. Length
4. States through which they flow
5. Sea to which they join
Answer:
1. Indus – Manasarovar lake – 2280 km – Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Sutlej – Jammu & Kashmir
2. Ganga – Gangothri Glacier/Gaumukh caves – 2500 km – Yamuna, Son, Ghaghra, Kosi, Gandak – Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal- Bay of Bengal
3. Brahmaputra – Chema-Yung-dung glacier – 2900 km – Tista, Manaas, Luni, Subansiri – Arunachal Pradesh, Assam

Question 82. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the physiographic divisions between which the Northern Great Plains are situated?
Answer:
Between the Northern mountains/ Himalayas and the Peninsular plateau.

Question 83. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which is the most common soil type found in the Northern Great Plains and in the coastal plains?
Answer:
Alluvial soil

Question 84. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The road, rail and canal network in India is largely concentrated in the Northern plains. Why?
Answer:

• Extensive and level topography
• High density of population.
• Necessity of various means of transportation for agriculture, industry, etc.

Question 85. (Qn. Pool -2017)
The role of Northern plains is decisive in the agricultural economy of India. Do you agree with the statement? Why?
Answer:

• Fertile alluvial soil – water availability – favorable climate.
• Wheat, rice, maize, sugar cane, cotton, pulses, etc. are largely cultivated here.
• The Northern plains is also known as the granary of India.

Question 86.(Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the major mountain ranges within the Peninsular plateau?
Answer:
Vindhya, Satpura, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Aravallies, etc.

Question 87. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Identify the physiographic division from where the following rivers originate and flow. Classify these rivers as east-flowing rivers and west-flowing rivers. Narmada, Mahanadi, Godawari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tapti
Answer:

1. Peninsular plateau
2. East-flowing – Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri
3. West-flowing – Narmada, Tapti

Question 88. (Qn. Pool-2017)
A few peninsular rivers flow northwards and join river Yamuna and river Ganga. – Identify the rivers.
Answer:
1. River joining Ganga-Son
2. Rivers joining Yamuna – Chambal, Betwa, and Ken

Question 89. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the major peninsular rivers? Describe them based on the elements – like origin, direction of flow, length, tributaries, states through which they flow and the sea to which joins.
Answer:

• Mahanadi – Maikala ranges – East flowing – 857 km – lb, Tel – Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha – Bay of Bengal
• Godavari – Nasik district in Maharashtra – East-flowing – 1465 km – Indravathi, Sabari – Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh – Bay of Bengal
• Krishna – Mahabaleswar hills – East-flowing – 1400 km – Bhima, Thungabhadra – Maharashtra, Andhrapradesh Bay of Bengal
• Kaveri – Brahmagiri hills – 800 km – East-flowing – Kabani, Amaravathi, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Bay of Bengal
• Narmada – Maikala ranges – 1312 km – West¬flowing – Hiran, Banjan – Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat-Arabian Sea
• Tapti – Muntai plateau – 724 km – West-flowing – Anar, Girna – Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra – Arabian Sea

Question 90. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Waterfalls are usually created along peninsular rivers. Give reason.
Answer;

1. The edges of the plateau remain elevated from the surroundings
2. The rivers enter the coastal plains from the plateau by creating waterfalls along these edges.

Question 91. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Deltas are not formed along the west coastal plain as that of east coastal plain. Why?
Answer:

1. West-flowing rivers are comparatively small.
2. Smaller amounts of sediments are deposited.

Question 92. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Distribution of rainfall is not uniform everywhere in India. List out the geographical factors influencing the distribution of rainfall.
Answer:

• Physiography
• Latitudinal location
• Nearness to sea
• Altitude
• Direction of winds (any 4)

Question 93. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write down the location of physiographic divisions of India with respect to the other physiographic divisions.
Answer:

• Northern mountains – North of the Northern great plain
• Northern Great plain – Between the Peninsular plateau and the Northern mountains.
• Peninsular plateau – Between the Northern plains and the Coastal plains
• Coastal plains – Between the peninsular plateau and the coastal plains.

Question 94. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The Northern mountain region consists of a number of mountain ranges. Which are those mountain ranges?
Answer:

• Trans Himalayas – Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar
• Himalayas – Himadri, Himachal, Siwalik
• Eastern hills – Patkaibum, Naga hills, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia hills, Meso hills.

Question 95. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Each mountain ranges in the Himalayas consists of distinct features. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:
1. Himadri – i. Average height 6000 m
ii. The major rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, etc.
iii. Comprises the peaks like Kanjanjunga, Nandadevi, etc.
2. Himachal – i. Average height 3000 m
ii. Comprises major hill stations like
iii. – Shimla, Darjeeling, etc.
3. Siwaliks – i. Average height 1220 m
ii. The continuity breaks at many places as the rivers cut across them
iii. Broad and flat valleys called Dunes

Question 96. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The types of vegetation in the Himalaya mountain region varies with altitude. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:

• The trees such as oak, chestnut, maple, etc. at an altitude between 1000 and 2000 meters.
• Coniferous trees such as deodar, fir, etc. are grown beyond 2000 meters.

Question 97. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the peculiar features of eastern hills?
Answer:

• At an altitude of about 500 to 3000 meters.
• Cherrapunji, the place receiving the highest rainfall in the world is located here.
• Dense tropical evergreen forests.

Question 98. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which is the most common soil type in the northern mountain region? Mention its characteristics.
Answer:

• Mountain soil
• Black or brown in color, High fertility

Question 99. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a description on the human life in the Northern mountain region.
Answer:

• Animal rearing – sheep are reared on commercial basis in Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, etc.
• Agriculture – Potato, barley, saffron, apple, orange, tea, etc. are cultivated in the Siwaliks ranges.
• Tourism – Shimla, Darjeeling, Kulu, Manali, etc. are the hill stations in the Himachal range.

Question 100. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the influence of Northern mountains in the climate and human life of India.
Answer:

• Protects to a certain extent from the foreign invasion from the north since ancient times.
• Causes rainfall throughout north India by blocking the monsoon winds.
• Prevents the cold winds blowing from the north from entering India.
• Place of diverse flora and fauna.
• The source region of major north Indian rivers.

Question 101. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why is the Northern plains called as ‘the granary of India’?
Answer:

• Availability of fertile soil and water are favorable for agriculture.
• Crops like wheat, rice, maize, sugar cane, cotton, pulses, etc. are largely cultivated here.

Question 102. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a note by explaining the geographical features of western part of the Northern plains.
Answer:

• Dry desert soil
• Thrones and shrubs
• Meager rainfall.

Question 103. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The Peninsular plateau is a physiographic division with some unique characteristics. Which are these characteristics?
Answer:

• Hard crystalline rocks
• Most extensive and old landform
• Area of 15 sq. km
• Storehouse of minerals
• Presence of black soil

Question 104. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the soils found along the peninsular plateau? Explain their peculiarities.
Answer:

• Black soil, Red soil, Laterite soil
• Peculiar features of each soil type

Question 105. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Complete the table by incorporating the information related to the given Himalayan Rivers.

Answer:

Question 106. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the factors influencing the climate of India?
Answer:

• Latitude
• Physiography
• Nearness to sea
• Altitude (any 3)

Question 107. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the season during which the climatic phenomenon called western disturbance occur and explains the formation.
Answer:

• Winter
• The low pressure originating over the Mediterranean Sea moves eastwards due to the jet streams and reaches India. This causes rainfall in the northern plains, especially in the Punjab region.

Question 108. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Give reasons for the regional variation in the distribution of the south-west monsoon rains.
Answer:

1. Rainfall is maximum along the windward slopes of the mountains. Thus the western side of the Western Ghats, the eastern highlands, and rain.
2. As the amount of moisture decreases with the advancement of Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch, the amount of rainfall decreases from the coast towards the interior.
3. The eastern slopes of the Western Ghats is rain shadow region.

Question 109. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the characteristic features of north-east monsoon season?
Answer:

1. Retreating monsoon season
2. High temperature and humidity makes the days unbearable (October heat)
3. Heavy rain along the Tamil Nadu coast
4. Rain also occurs along Kerala and Karnataka

Question 110. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Compare the characteristic features of Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.
Answer:

Question 111. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Ken, Kabani, Sabari, and Tista are some of the tributary rivers. Mention the main rivers to which these tributaries join.
Answer:
Ken — Ganga
Kabani — Kaveri
Sabari — Godavari
Tista — Brahmaputra

Question 112. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Mark and label the below mentioned geoinformation in the outline map of India.
a) River originated from the Maikala ranges and joins the Bay of Bengal
b) Plateau formed by volcanic activity
c) The southernmost major seaport.
d) The mountain range south-east of Thar Desert
Answer:
a) Mahanadi
b) Deccan plateau
c) Tuticorin
d) Aravalli ranges (These features are to be marked and labeled in map)

Question 113. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Compare the Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rives based on the given hints.
1. Intensity of erosion
2. Water availability
3. Catchment area
4. Navigational potential
Answer:

Question 114. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write anyone peculiar feature each for Himadri, Himachal and Shiwalik.
Answer:
1. Himadri — i. Average height 6000 m.
ii. The major rivers such as Ganga, Yamuna, etc.
iii. Comprises the peaks like Kanjanjunga, Nandadevi, etc.
2. Himachal — i. Average height 3000 m
ii. Comprises major hill stations – Shimla, Darjeeling, etc.
3. Siwaliks — i. Average height 1220 m
ii. The continuity breaks at many places as the rivers cut across
iii. Broad flat valleys called Dunes

Question 115. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Observe the map and answer the questions.
a) Identify the physiographic divisions marked as a, b, c and d.
b) Write any one characteristic feature of each of them.

Answer:
a) Northern Mountains
b) Peninsular plateau
c) East coastal plain
d) Northern plains

Question 116. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Observe the map and answer the questions.
a) Identify the physiographic divisions marked as A.
b) Write any 2 features of this physiographic division.

Question 117. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain how the Himalayan mountain ranges influence the culture and life of people of India.
Answer:

• Protects us to a certain extent from the foreign invasion from the north since ancient times.
• Causes rainfall throughout north India by blocking the monsoon winds.
• Prevents the cold winds blowing from the north from entering India and protects north India from severe cold.
• Place of diverse flora and fauna
• The source region of major north Indian rivers.

Question 118. (Qn. Pool- 2017)
Identify the major rivers marked as A, B, C and D in the given map and classify them as Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.

Answer:
A. Ganga, B. Kaveri, C. Brahmaputra, D. Tapti

1. Ganga, Brahmaputra – Himalayan rivers
2. Kaveri, Tapti – Peninsular rivers

Question 119. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Identify the physiographic divisions situated between the Arabian Sea and the ‘Western Ghats as well as between the Bay of Bengal and the Eastern Ghats.
Answer:

• West coastal plain and the East coastal plain respectively.
• East coast stretches from Sundarbans to Kanyakumari.
• West coast stretches from Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari.

Question 120. (Qn. Pool-2017)
In the given flow chart showing the divisions of the northern mountains identify what a, b, c, d, e and f represents.

Answer:
a) Himadri
b) Siwalik
c) Ladak
d) Zaskar
e) Khasi
f) Jaintia/Patkaibum

Question 121. (Qn. Pool-2017)
While the western parts of the Western Ghats receive heavy rainfall during the south-west monsoon, the eastern slopes receive little rainfall. Why?
Answer:

• As the Western Ghats block is the monsoon winds coming from the southwest direction, the western slopes receive heavy rain.
• As the winds reaching the eastern side become dry, gives little rain.

Question 122. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the factors causing variations in the climate experienced in India?
Answer:
Any two factors

Question 123. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a note on the features distinguishing the west coastal plain from the east coastal plain.
Answer:
Features of west coastal plain

• Comparatively narrow
• Lakes and backwaters can be found
• Divided into Gujarat coast, Konkan coast and Malabar coast
• Between the Arabian sea and the Western ghats
• Extends from Rann of Kutch to Kanyakumari (any 4)

Question 124. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write any four factors responsible for diverse climatic conditions experienced in different parts of India with one example each.
Answer:
Latitude, Himalayan mountain range, nearness to sea, winds, distance from the sea, physiography, altitude (any .4 with one example each)

Question 125. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the reasons for uneven distribution of rainfall in India?
Answer:
Nearness to sea, distance from the sea, location of mountains, direction of winds, extent of the land (any 3)

Question 126. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Describe the characteristics of the different seasons in India.
Answer:

• Winter seasons – characteristics
• Summer season – characteristics
• Southwest monsoon season – description
• Northeast monsoon – description

Question 127. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Alluvial soil is dominant in most parts of the Northern Plains. Why?
Answer:
The alluvium brought down by the rivers Ganga, Brahmaputra, Indus and their tributaries from the Himalayas are deposited here.

Question 128. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write notes by mentioning the major soil types and the major crops cultivated in the northern plains as well as in the peninsular plateau.
Answer:

• Northern plains – Major soil types and crops
• Peninsular plateau – Major soil types and crops

Question 129. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the branches of southwest monsoon bifurcated by the Indian peninsula. How do these branches influence the climate of India?
Answer:

• Arabian sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch.
• Mention the advancement of Bay of Bengal branch and its influence.
• Mention the advancement of Arabian Sea branch and its influence.

Question 130. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the names of any two peninsular rivers and anyone tributary for each.
Answer:

• Mahanadi/Godavari/Krishna/Kaveri/Narmada/ Tapti (any 2)
• Anyone tributary for the rivers mentioned.

Question 131. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a seminar paper on the topic ‘the role of geographical factors in the life of Indians.’
Answer:

• Life of people in different physiographic divisions.* Influence of the climatic types in the life of Indians
• The role of rivers in the life of Indians.

Question 132. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Compare the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon experienced in India based on the given hints.
1. Formation
2. Places receiving rainfall
Answer:
The sudden heating of th,e land compared to the sea results in the formation of a low-pressure region. This difference in pressure causes the winds to blow from the Indian Ocean to the land. The southeast winds in the southern hemisphere become southwest winds on reaching the northern hemisphere due to Coriolis effect -Southwest monsoon As a result of the cooling of land areas in the northern hemisphere compared to the surrounding oceans the pressure increases. This difference in pressure causes the winds to blow from the northeast in the northern hemisphere. The northeast monsoon causes rainfall in Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Kerala.

Question 133. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The role of physiography is decisive in the life of people in India.
Answer:

• Based on the topographic characteristics India can be divided into Northern mountain regions, Northern Great Plains, Peninsular Plateau, Coastal plains, and Islands.
• Mention the influence of Northern plains in the life of Indians. (Food crops, sugarcane, cities, and towns, industrial centers, densely populated regions)
• Mention the role of Northern mountains in the life of Indians
• Mention the life of people in the Peninsular plateau, (mineral deposits, industrial centers)
• Mention the influence of coastal plains and islands in life of people (fertile soil, nuclear power production, and fishing).

Question 134. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the flowchart.

Answer:
a) Himalayas,
b) Eastern Highlands
c. Karakoram
D. Ladakh
F. Zaskar
I. Shiwalik
J. Patkaibum
H. Himachal
K. Naga hills
L. Garo, Khasi, Jaintia hills

Question 135. (Orukkam-2017)
Find out the main features of the Himalayan ranges and complete the following chart.

Answer:

Question 136. (Orukkam-2017)
The northern mountains play a very important role in molding the climax and human life of India, justify
1. Have been protecting as from foreign invasions
2. ………………………
Answer:
1. Block the monsoon winds and cause rainfall.
2. Prevent the cold dry wind from entering the north Indian plains.
3. Caused the emergence of diverse flora and fauna.
4. Source region of rivers.

Question 137. (Orukkam – 2017)
Compare the Himalayan rivers with peninsular rivers and complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 138. (Orukkam – 2017)
Find out the major Himalayan rivers, the states through which they flow and their tributaries with the help of an atlas.
Answer:
Refer atlas

Question 139. (Orukkam-2017)
List out the major characteristic features of the Northern great plains.
Answer:

• it is one of the intensive alluvial plains in the world
• One of the most densely populated regions in the world
• Known as the granary of India.

Question 140. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the following table

Answer:

Question 141. (Orukkam-2017)
List out the soil types in India.
Answer:

1. Alluvial Soil
2. Desert Soil
3. Black soil
4. Mountain Soil
5. Red Soil
6. Laterite Soil

Question 142. (Orukkam- 2017)
List out the factors controlling the climate of India.
Answer:

1. Altitude
2. Latitude
3. Physiography
4. Nearness to sea

Question 143. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out the four seasons in India.
Answer:

1. Winter Season
2. southwest monsoon
3. Summer Season
4. North-East monsoon

Question 144. (Orukkam-2017)
Prepare a brief note on western disturbances
Answer:

1. The Cyclones originates from Mediterranean sea during winter season.
2. Gradually they shift towards east and reach India.
3. Causes rainfall in the northern plains especially in the Punjab region.

Question 145. (Orukkam-2017)
Compare the southwest monsoon season with the northeast monsoon season and complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 146. (Orukkam-2017)
The distribution of rainfall is not uniform everywhere. Find out the reason.
Answer:

1. Physiography
2. Location
3. Nearness to the sea

Question 147. (Orukkam- 2017)
Find out the major Himalayan rivers, the states through which the flow and their tributary with the help of an atlas.
Answer:

Question 148. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out the major characteristic features of the peninsular plateau.
1. The most extensive physical division of India
2.
Answer:

1. Made of hard crystalline rock forms
2. The oldest division in India.
3. It has varied topography
4. Known as the storehouse of minerals.
5. Fertile black soil forced from the disintegrations of leave rocks.

Question 149. (Orukkam-2017)
Locate the peninsular river with the help of a map. List out the characteristic features of peninsular rivers to complete the following table.
Answer:

Question 150. (Orukkam – 2017)
Compare the western castal plain with the eastern coastal plain and complete the following table.

Answer:

You can Download India after Independence Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 8 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 8 Kerala towards Modernity Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 8 Notes

The European domination in Kerala began with the arrival of the Portuguese in the 15th century. The Europeans who came for trade eventually became the rulers. The arrival of the Europeans had its impact on various fields. Among the Europeans who came to Kerala, it was the English who established a suzerainty here. Various sections of people conducted resistance struggle against the English domination and their exploitation. Even though the British suppressed this resistance, it enhanced the national spirit of the Indians. The English designed a colonial economy also.

Kerala towards Modernity Question 1. Conduct a discussion on the arrival of Europeans to Kerala and the objectives for their arrival.
Answer:
The Portuguese were the first European team arrived in Kerala. They came to Kozhikode in 1498 and wanted Samoothiri to exclude the Arab traders. As Samoothiri denied this demand, they shifted to Kochi. The Dutch team arrived and expected the Portuguese from Kerala in 1663. The Dutch were defeated by Marthanda Varma in 1741 in Kulachil war. Another European power France was also defeated by the English force in the Karnatic war. All these European powers came to Kerala to enrich their trade relation. However, only the English could withstand. Finally, the trade monopoly came to the hand of the English force.

Kerala Towards Modernity Sslc Notes 10th Question 2.
Explain the circumstances how Malabar Kochi and Travancore were brought under East India Company. Prepare a note.
Answer:
Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan from Mysore arrived in Kerala when the land was administered by local rulers and chieftains. Tipu took over the control of Malabar. The rulers of Kochi and Travancore sought the help of the British to save their states from Tipu’s invasion. Henceforth, it was in the English East India Company that the local chieftains found their hope. The rulers of Kochi and Travancore, too, considered the British as their savior.

The Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley enabled the British to bring the native states under their control easily. The British ruled Malabar directly according to the terms of the Treaty of Srirangapattnam. Travancore and Kochi accepted the paramountcy of the British.

Kerala towards Modernity SSLC Question 3. Prepare a table showing early rebellion against the British and their leaders.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 4.
Observe the table and summarise your findings about Kerala’s foreign trade

Answer:

• Kerala exported products for industries in Britain and markets in Europe.
• Spices occupied important place in Kerala’s ex-port.
• Finished products were the major import items.

Kerala towards Modernity Notes Question 5. Point out the steps taken by the British to enhance trade facilities and their effects.
Answer:
The British amended trade policies prevailed in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore favorable to them. Improved the transportation facilities by constructing more roads, bridges, and railways. Developed ports in Kochi, Kozhikode, and Alappuzha to facilitate water transportation.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Malayalam Medium Question 6.
Analyze the changes taken place in agriculture sector as a result of commercialization.
Answer:
The British government encouraged cultivation aim-ing their markets. The encouraged coconut cultivation since there was demand for coconut products in foreign markets. In hill areas cash crops like coffee, tea, rubber were cultivated in large volumes. Majority of these plantations belonged to the British. In short, Kerala was made a place of commercial crop cultivation.

Kerala Towards Modernity Pdf 10th Question 7.
Prepare a note on plantation and traditional industries developed in different parts of Kerala and the factors that contributed to their growth.
Answer:
Plantation and traditional industries — Region
Tea, coffee, rubber — Wayanad, Idukki
Coconut oil, coir — Alappuzha
Cashewnut — Kollam
Tile Faroke — Kollam, Olloor
Handloom — Kannur, Kozhikode
Beedi — Kannur

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Prepare a flow chart showing industrial progress during the British period.
Answer:

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 9.
Narrate the circumstances for the development of English Medicine in Kerala.
Answer:
The spread of contagious diseases was responsible for gaining importance to this system of medicine in Kerala. “English Medicine” was very effective in preventing contagious diseases like smallpox and cholera which took away the lives of many thousands. There was a time when people dreaded vaccination against smallpox. The royal family of Travancore came forward to create an atmosphere among people conducive to the preventive measures by accepting vaccination against smallpox.

The princes of Travancore and Cochin created facilities for preventive measures and thus took a position different from the areas directly under the British rule. They established hospitals and extended facilities for treatment in attempts useful to people. Travancore registered much progress in this field through adopting a scientific policy of public health, by ensuring healthcare. at low cost, by facilitating education, etc.

The social reformers played a crucial role in the formation of modern Kerala. They could eradicate the social evils, superstitions and the inequality existed in the society. There were many struggles in Kerala which opposed the isolation of civil rights.

Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Evaluate how the activities of renaissance leaders brought social changes in Kerala.
Answer:

• Gave practical form to social change.
• Works of renaissance leaders for the creation of modem Kerala.
• Influence among’ the social workers of the later period.
• The activities against superstitions and caste system led to social transformation

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Question 11.
Evaluate the role of channar Revolt, Vaikkom Satyagraha, and Guruvayursatyagraha to bring about social change in Kerla.
Answer:
social change. The Channar women of southern Travancore fought for the right to cover their upper body. As a result, Uthram Thirunnai Maharaja was forced to permit the channar women to weer jackets in 1859.

The Vaikkom Satyagraha (1924), led by T.K. Madhavan was one of the major struggles that took place in Kerala for claiming the right to travel. Ex-pressing solidarity with the satyagraha, Mannath Padmanabhan organized the Savarna Jatha. Following this struggle, the lower castes secured permission to travel through the reads around the Vaikom temple.

Similarly under the leadership of K. Kelappan, an agitation was launched demanding entry for all castes of kindly into Guruvayoortemple (1931) A.K. Gopalan was the volunteer captain of this struggle. P. Krishna Pillai was callously attacked during this satyagraha. Following these popular protests, the temple entry proclamation was announced on 12 November 1936 in Travancore.

The national struggle which held for India’s independence was strong in Kerala also. The national struggle was so strong in Malabar because Malabar was under the direct control of the British. But the struggle was strong in Kochi and Travancore also. Along with Indian National Congress, the Khilafat movement, Kochi Rajya Prajamadalam, and the community’s party strengthened India’s national struggle for independence.

Std 10 Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Prepare a flow chart comprising the important political protests that took place in Malabar, Travancore, and Kochi.
Answer:
The national movement in Kerala looked a unified form as the state was not administratively united.

Malabar:

Kochi:

The formation of Kerala was the ultimate result of various factors combining together. Modern Kerala is a model even to the world in various fields. Public health, public instruction, public distribution system, public transport, literacy activities, decentralization of power, etc., are certain examples for these achievements

Kerala Syllabus 10th Social Science Question 13.
Analyze the circumstances that led to the formation of the united Kerala.
Answer:
The Congress to set up state Congress Committees on linguistic basis. Taking it is into consideration the first Kerala state political conference was held at Ottappalam in 1921 under the presidentship of T. Prakasam. Later Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee came into existence uniting Travancore, Kochi and Malabar regions. The Payyannur Congress conference chaised by Jawaharlal Nehru conceded a resolution demanding the reorganization of Kerala as a distinctive state after independence.

The United Kerala Resolution was passed both in the united Kerala conventions held at Thrissur and Aluva in 1947. Consequently the state of Thirukochi was formed on I July 1949 by joining Travancore and Kochi. E.M.S. Namboodiripad in his book, ‘Onnekalkodi Malayalikal’, placed the idea that the Kerala state was to be formed combining the Malayalam speaking regions. The state of Kerala came into existence on I November 1956 unifying Malabar, Kochi, and Thiruvitamkur as per the recommendation of the state recognization commission.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Question 14.
Prepare a magazine collecting information from various sources on the achievement of Kerala in the field of land reform, public health, education, etc.,
Answer:
land reform, public health, education, decentralization of power, etc., are the important fields where Kerala achieved tremendous progress. These are the major features of Kerala. Through land reforms, restriction was made land available to the landless. District- table-Primary health centers and government medical colleges are examples for the progress achieved

Let Us Assess

10th Class Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Match the following:

Answer:

10th Geography Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
How did English East India get dominance in Kerala?
Answer:
There was lack of unity among the provinces in Kerala. The company could therefore easily suppress the resistance of people in Kerala. They also started educational institutions and hospitals. All these helped them to establish domination in Kerala.

10th Class Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 17.
Complete the list by finding out the persons related to the events given from the names given in brackets.

(Dr. Palpu, GP. Pillai, Pazhassiraja, K. Kelapan, K.B. Menon, Sreenarayana Guru, Veluthampi Dawala, T.K. Madhavan)
Answer:
Kundra Proclamation : Veluthampi Dawala
Vaikkam Satyagraha : T.K. Madhavan
GuruvayoorSatyagraha : K. Kelapan
Keezhariyoor Bomb case : K.B. Menon
Malayali Memorial : G.P. Pillai

Social Science Notes Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 18.
List out the reformation movements and prorwara swcwiopws in Kerala to eradicate social inequalities and evils.
Answer:

Strikes: Channar Revolt, Vaikkom satyagraha, Guru vayoor satyagraha.

Kerala Towards Modernity In Malayalam 10th Question 19.
National movement in Kerala had no uniformity. Find out the reasons.
Answer:
The national movement in Kerala locked a unified form as the state was not administratively united. The British ruled the Malabar region directly, whereas Kochi and Travancore were indirectly ruled through the president. Because of this reason, political agitations were not active in Kochi and Travancore as in Malabar.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Notes Question 20.
Give a detailed account of the events that led to the united Kerala.
Answer:

• The Nagpur session of the Congress held in 1920.
• The first Kerala State Political Conference held ofOttapalam in 1921.
• Formation of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee.
• The Payyannur Congress Conference.
• The united Kerala conferences and the united Kerala resolution.
• Formation of the state of Thiru-Kochi in 1949.
• Formation of the state of Kerala in 1956.

Kerala towards Modernity Model Questions & Answers

Question 21.
Discuss the freedom movements in Kerala after 1920.
Answer:
The history of Kerala witnessed several freedom movements especially after 1920. The movements include the following.

Non-Cooperation Movement and Salt Satyagraha:
As decided at the Nagpur session (1920), NonCooperation movement was started throughout the country. In Kerala, too, there was widespread boycott of foreign goods, courts, and educational institutions. The Malabar Rebellion of 1921 and the student’s agitation of 1922 in Travancore were events of great political significance during this period.

The Salt-Satyagraha under the leadership of Gandhiji had its own repercussions in Kerala. Payyannur in Malabar was the main venue of the Satyagraha in Kerala. Many batches of Satyagrahis from different parts of Kerala marched to Payyannurto take part in the Satyagraha.

Quit India Movement:
The Quit India Movement launched in August 1942 was widespread in Cochin and Malabar, though not so extensive in Travancore. During the Quit India Movement, there were sensational and violent incidents in Malabar involving disruption of communication and attack on government offices and police stations. The Keezhariyur Bomb case, in which 27 persons including Dr. K.B. Menon, Socialist leader and Secretary of Indian Civil Liberties Union were charge-sheeted, was the important episode of the struggle in Malabar. Even underground papers like ‘Swathantra BharatanT were brought out during the struggle.

Agitation in Travancore and Cochin:
After the Haripura session of the Indian National Congress which decided that separate organizations should be formed in native States for the agitation for responsible government, the Travancore State Congress and the Cochin State Praja Mandal were formed.

Question 22.
Kerala could make notable achievements in the health sector. What are your suggestions to maintain this?
a) Ensure the supply of pure drinking water,
b) Establish intensive cleaning programme.
c) Intensity preventive measures of diseases.
d) Provide medical facilities to all in less expense.
e) Make essential medical facilities in all Primary Health Centres.

Question 23.
Narrate the developments that led to Kurichiya rebellion.
Answer:
The British overthrew the traditional land revenue collection system and made several experiments in this field. They wanted to collect as much revenue as possible in India. British reversed the revenue system of Malabar and framed out the collection of revenues to different Rajas for lump sums. The assessments were very high and the people found it difficult to pay the land revenue.

Pazhassi Raja boldly decided to challenge the British authority and to resist their attempt to collect taxes. After the suppression of the Pazhassi revolt, Wynad was brought under the strict control of the British. The Kurichyas and Kurumbas were subjected to untold abuses and privations. The British revenue settlement was the most unkindest cut on the life of the tribal people. The rate of land revenue was exhortation and its method of collection in cash was harsh. In short, the Kurichia rebellion was a good example popular rebellion against the British supremacy.

Question 24.
What was the taxation policy followed by the British government?
Answer:
The stranglehold of revenue system heightened its grip on other articles of daily use besides taxes on land, salt, tobacco, etc. Houses, shops, cattle, ferry, fishing net, looms, toddy, arrack, knives, etc. were important among them. In effect, nothing was spared from the grip of the Government. About fifty more different faxes were imposed.

The British tried to collect huge amounts through petty taxes. Let us have a look at the sufferings of the people on account of them. Women who earned their livelihood by collecting firewood from the forests were not permitted to take home the same without paying the tax. Those who had to cross rivers had to pay a tax. Many who tried to swim across to evade tax were drowned in the river.

Question 25.
What is Pandarappattam Proclamation?
Answer:
During the time of Marthanda Varma, state-owned * land (Pandaravaka) was leased out to Christian and Muslims on rent. Later, Ezhavas and other backward communities were also given land. The purpose of it all was to increase the revenue of the State treasury by expanding agriculture. Resources to maintain the British army and to pay tributes to the British had to be raised. This was the inspiration behind the proclamation. The rich agriculturists tried to graduate their possession right into right of ownership. Clamors were made to this end. Finally, the Government of Travancore conceded this right. Through the Pandarapattam proclamation, those who possessed state-owned land got rights of ownership and inheritance.

Question 26.
The peasant uprising of Malabar was known as,
a) Kurichia rebellion
b) Mappila uprisings
c) Freedom struggle
Answer:
Mappila uprisings

Question 27.
What were the circumstances which led to the emergence of severe opposition to the English East India Company among the people of Malabar?
Answer:

• The Company’s declaration that both the rulers and their subjects should be under their control.
• Increase in tax
• Exploitation policy of the Company

Question 28.
State the reasons why Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja led revolution against foreign domination?
Answer:
Pazhassi Raja acted as an ally of British in their * Mysore invasions. They gave the right to collect taxes from Kottayam to the king of Kurumbanadu. Provoked by this Pazhassi blocked the whole revenue system. The British proceeded to take action against Pazhassi. They tried to annex Pazhassi’s territories to British India. Hence Pazhassi Raja attempted to eliminate colonial power through guerilla warfare with the assistance of his soldiers including Kurichyas the tribal community of Waynad.

Question 29.
How did the agricultural reforms implemented by the British cause the peasant revolts in Malabar?
Answer:
Muslim peasants in Malabar revolted throughout the 19th century against the land tenurial system introduced by the British. The fact that the landlords who fled from Malabar, during Tipu’s invasion were again made landowners by the British and heavy taxes imposed on peasants were the cause of the revolt. The government neither take any steps to increase the fertility of the land nor tried to use the wasteland for cultivation. The British compelled the peasants to cultivate plantation crops like cashew nut and rubber in the place of traditional crops like pepper.

Question 30.
Why was the peasant uprisings of Malabar called ‘Mappila uprisings’?
Answer:
The revolts against the British in Malabar were the culmination of the protests of the Mappila tenants, agricultural laborers, artisans, petty traders, etc., overa period of time. The involvement of the ordinary people in this struggle was noteworthy. A sizeable number of the peasants of Eranad and Valluvanad taluks of Malabar were Mappila Muslims. It was they who participated in these struggles. Hence these up-risings were called ‘Mappila uprisings’ by the British.

Question 31.
What were changes effected by the Pandarappattam and Janmi-Kudiyan Proclamations? To what extent did they help the peasants?
Answer:
The Janmis got the right to evict the tenants who failed to pay such high rents and passing the lands to new tenants. They began attempts to evict actual cultivators from agricultural lands. The British officials, police, and judiciary stood for assisting the activities of the landlords in Travancore and Cochin. The problems of the tenants continued unaltered. Their resistance grew into protests. Organized peasant movements came forward to take up their issues during the period by the Freedom Movement and after.

Question 32.
What was the result of Channar Revolt?
Answer:
Vaikundaswamikal, who gave leadership to the move- menttoputan end to the disabilities of the Channar community in the Travancore region. It was he who provided the Channar sections with strong minds capable of fighting, by making them recognize their social position through making use of the educational opportunities inaugurated by the missionaries. The Channar women created history by staging a struggle for the right to wear upper clothes. The Channar Revolt for gaining this right, begun in 1822, came to a successful end in 1859. It was following this prolonged struggle that the Maharaja had to issue an order allowing Channar women to wear upper clothes.

Question 33.
Analyze the impact of British rule on Kerala’s trade, industry, and agriculture.
Answer:

• There was tremendous growth in foreign trade and Kerala has become a part of global market.
• Land relationships changed considerably and agriculture was commercialized.
• Large number of industries were established.
• Commercial crops were cultivated at large in plantations.
• Along with plantation corps, traditional and modern industries also grew up.

Question 34.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 35.
Match column B and C with A.

Answer:

Question 36.
Prepare a time line showing events that aimed to form a united Kerala
Answer:

Question 37.
Who were the leaders of ‘Salt Sathyagraham’ that conducted in Kerala in 1930? (Prepare a short not on the struggles that took place in Kerala as part of the Civil Disobedience Movement)
Answer:
In Kerala, strong programs of propaganda were organized as part of Salt Satyagraha, A batch of volunteers under the leadership of K Kelappan took out a procession from Calicut to Payyanuron foot to break the Salt Law. Another group under the leader-ship ofT.R. Krishnaswami lyertoo went there. The processions proceeded accepting greetings of people on route.

The style of the struggle underwent a change following the arrest of the Mahatma on 5th May. The police brutally suppressed the satyagrahis who came to break the salt Law at Calicut beach on 12th may Mohamed Abdul Rahiman Sahib, P. Krishna Pillai, R.V. Sharma, T.R. Krishnaswami Iyer, and K. Madhavan Nair were sentenced to rigorous imprisonment.

Question 38.
Evaluate the role of Renaissance leaders with could create a progressive society in Kerala.
Answer:
a) Vaikunda Swamikal: He realized the ‘hollowness of caste system’ and installed a mirror in the temple to enlighten the people the oneness of the godliness.
b) Chattambi Swamikal: He opposed the caste system and propagated the vision of ‘Adwaida’ means oneness of godliness. Swamikal was known as ‘Sarva Vidyarthi raja’
c) Sree Narayana Guru: Sree Narayana Guru is the symbol of love and humanity. He stood strongly against the priesthood of Brahmins, their nobility and the caste system and propagated equality and humanity of man. He exhorted the people to be strong by unity and to awaken by knowledge.
d) Ayyankali: Ayyankali played a prominent role to instill self-confidence and sense of unity among them. He spoke for the right to enter government schools. He organized and prepared the agricultural laborers to struggle for their rights who were subjected to all kinds of exploitation.
e) Vakkom Abdul Khadar Moulavi: The leader among Muslims who propagated modern education among Muslims. He took initiative to eliminate the evils of religious customs.
f) V.T. Bhattathirippad: He was a nobleman of modem thought. He raised his voice against evil customs in Namboodiri community and worked for the freedom of women.
g) Sahodaran Ayyappan: He tried to prove that polytheism was irrational and fought against alcoholism and exploitation of peasants and for this started interdining. All these leaders were trying to reform the society.

Question 39 (Qn. Pool-2017)
Who were the foreign traders who had trade relations with Kerala before the coming of the Europeans?
Answer:
Arabs, Chinese

Question 40. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Arrange the following in chronological order,
i) Marthanda Varma defeated the Dutch in the Colachel War.
ii) British defeated the French in the Karnatic Wars.
iii) The Dutch defeated the Portuguese.
Answer:
I – iii
II – i
III – ii

Question 41. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate how commercialisation of agriculture influences the agricultural sector of Kerala.
Answer:

• Market-driven cultivation
• Encouraged coconut cultivation
• Reduction in rice production
• Food scarcity
• Spread of cassava cultivation
• Plantation crops in the hilly area

Question 42. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the situation that led to the Attingal Revolt.
Answer:
The natives who were furious over making Anchuthengu fort an important military base killed about 150 English men who were on their way to hand over gifts to the queen of the Attingal in 1721. This is known as Attingal Revolt.

Question 43. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which was the first organized revolt against the British in Kerala?
Answer:
Attingal Revolt.

Question 44. (Qn. Pool-2017)
According to which treaty did Malabar come under British dominance?
Answer:|
Sreeranga Papattanam Treaty of 1792.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate circumstances that made native rulers and chieftains turn against the British.
Answer:
After attaining political dominance, the British started to interfere in the powers of the kings and the landlords. The interference in the freedom and privileges that the native rulers and chieftains enjoyed for centuries invited antagonism.

Question 46. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the circumstances for Kerala coming under British dominance around the eighteenth century.
Answer:

• According to the Sriranga pattanam Treaty of 1792, Malabar came under the British dominance.
• In 1792, Kochi Raja accepted British supremacy and was forced to pay tribute.
• As per the treaty of 1795, Travancore also admitted the British dominance.
• Thus by the 18th century, the British ruled Malabar directly and Kochi and Travancore indirectly.

Question 47. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What made Pazhassi Raja turn against the British?
Answer:
The refusal of the British to honour promise given to Pazhassi Raja for his assistance during the Mysore War, entitling Pazhassi Raja to collect tax from Kottayam region.

Question 48. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Elucidate the circumstances that made Veluthampi and PajiyathAchan enemies of the British.
Answer:
The uncontrolled intervention of the British in the internal affairs of Travancore and Kochi made the Diwan of Travancore Velu Thampi and of Kochi Paliyath Achan the enemies of the British.

Question 49. (Qn. Pool-2017)
In what name is Veluthampi’s call for armed fight against the British known?
Answer:
Kundara Proclamation

Question 50. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which were the measures adopted by the British to increase and control foreign trade?
Answer:

• Trade laws that existed in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore were amended by the British in favor of them.
• Introduced unified coinage and metrology system.
• Built roads, railways and bridges to improve transport facilities.
• Developed the ports of Kochi, Kozhikode, and Alappuzha.

Question 51. (Qn. Pool-2017)
“The changes made by the British in the pattern of land ownership in Malabar made the life in the peasants miserable”. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Local chieftains and landlords were made owners of the land.
• Taxwaspre-determined. .
• The local chieftains collected huge amount as tax from tenants.
• The tenants were evicted.
• Life became miserable for tenants.

Question 52. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The implementation of which act gave a limited right over the land of the tenants in Malabar.
Answer:
The Malabar Tenant’s Act of 1929.

Question 53. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What were the changes made in the land relationship in Travancore during the time of Marthanda Varma?
Answer:

• Land owned by landlords were converted into government (Pandaravaka) property.
• The Pandara Patta Vilambaram of 1865 gave the tenants ownership of the land they cultivated.
• The tenants in Travancore got ownership of the land through the Janmi KudiyanActof 1896.
• By virtue of this act the tenants in Travancore became small landowners in limited scale.

Question 54. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why is it said that the National Movement in Kerala did not have a unified form?
Answer:
Kerala was not politically unified.

Question 55. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Match the following
A — B
i) 1865 — a) Malabar Tenants Act
ii) 1914 — b) Pandarapatta Vilambaram
iii) 1929 — c) KudiyanmaAct
Answer:
i – b,
ii – c,
iii – a

Question 56. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Some traditional industries started in Kerala during British dominance and their major centers are given below. Match them.
A — B
i) Coir Industry — a) Thrissur
ii) Cashew Industry — b) Kannur
iii) Tile Industry — c) Alappuzha
iv) Handloom Industry — d) Kollam
Answer:
i – c,
ii – d,
iii – a,
iv – b

Question 57. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the features of the judicial system introduced in Kerala by the British.
Answer:
Instead of punishing the accused on the basis of his caste, after hearing the accused, unified punishment was given depending on the nature of the guilt. All were considered equal before law.

Question 58. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a small essay basest on the reform movements and social changes.
Answer:
Untouchability and unapproachability prevailed in Kerala where caste system was strong. Evil practices and superstitions prevailed in all communities. Modern education and western thoughts motivated the educated people to fight against this injustice. Channar revolt by Channar women for the right to cover the upper part of the body, consecrations of the Siva idol at Aruvippuram are examples for this.

Vaikom Satyagraha under the leadership of T.K. Madhavan and Saravarna Jatha under the leadership of Mannath Padmanabhan won the right for lower caste people to walk on the road near the temple. The Guruvayoor Satyagraha under the leadership of P. Krishna Pillai and A.K. Gopalan, the Travancore Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936 followed by temple entry proclamation of Kochi and Malabar gave right for the lower caste to enter the temples.

Question 59. Qn. Pool – 2017)
Which book of EMS Namboodiripad put forward the idea of the formation of Kerala including Malayalam speaking regions?
Answer:
Onnekal Kodi Malayalikal

Question 60. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Some social reformers and the organizations led by them are given below. Match them properly.
Social Reformers — Organisations
i) Vaikaunda Swamikal — Prathyaksha Raksha DaivaSabha
ii) Ayyankali — Samathwa Samajam
iii) Vaghbhadanandan — SadhuJana Paripalana Sangham
iv) Kumara Gurudevan — Atmavidhya Sangham
Answer:
i – b,
ii – c,
iii – d,
iv – a

Question 61. (Qn. Pool-2017)
“In the cultural arena of Kerala, British influence is evident’’. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Beginning of printing
• Service of the Jesuit missionaries
• Dictionary and grammar book
• The concept of education for all irrespective of caste.
• Early Malayalam newspapers
• Beginning of schools and colleges.

Question 62. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Complete the table given below based on the indicators given.

Answer:
i) Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam
ii) Pandit K.P. Karuppan
iii) Thiruvithamcore Muslim Mahajana Sabha
iv) Nair Service Society

Question 63. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the civil disobedience movement of 1930 and the subsequent incidents,
Answer:

• Civil disobedience movement became powerful in Kerala. In Malabar under the leadership of K. Kelappan, in Payyannurand under the leadership of Muhammad Abdul Rahman Sahib in Kozhikode salt law was violated.
• Boycott of foreign goods, picketing of liquor shops, propagation of Khadi all become powerful.
• When civil disobedience movement was stopped some leaders joined the socialist party.
• In 1939, under the leadership of P. Krishna Pillai, A.K. Gopalan and EMS Socialist Party was reorganized as Indian Communist Party.
• Communist Party led the peasants and workers to fight against the British Raj.
• Strong agitation related to Quit India Movement started in Malabar.
• Keezhiyoor Bomb Case was a significant episode.

Question 64.
(Qn. Pool-2017)
Arrange the following events chronologically
1. Punnapra-Vayalar Protest
2. Malayan Memorial
3. Ezhava Memorial
4. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
Answer:
a). Malayali Memorial
b) Ezhava Memorial
c) Formation of the Travancore State Congress
d) Punnapra-Vayalar Protest

Question 65. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which Congress session passed the resolution demanding the formation of the Kerala State after independence?
Answer:
Payyannur Congress Session

Question 66. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The national movement in Kerala lacked a unified form’. Substantiate this statement analyzing the activities of the national movements in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore.
Answer:

• For evaluating the national, movements in Malabar, Kochi, and Travancore,
• Non-Co-operation movement, Malabar Rebellion, SaltSathyagraha, Quit India Movement.

Question 67. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which are the factors that led Kerala to come under the English East India Company?
Answer:

• Sriranga pattanam Treaty in which Malabar come under the British.
• To resist the invasion of Tipu, the princely state of Travancore and Kochi joined the Subsidiary Alliance.

Question 68. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Prepare a short note on the contributions of missionaries in spreading modern education in Malabar.
Answer:

• Activities of Herman Gundert
• Schools established in places like Kozhikode and Thalassery.

Question 69. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Evaluate how the involvement of Renaissance leaders resulted in social changes.
Answer:

• Provided practical form to social change
• Involvement of reform leaders for the creation of modern Kerala.
• Influence on the later social reformers
• Initiatives against superstition and caste system resulted in social changes.

Question 70. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the timeline given below.

Answer:

Question 71. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following table.

Answer:

Question 72. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following diagram.

Answer:

Question 73. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the following timeline.

Answer:

Question 74. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the Comparison table.

Answer:

Question 75. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 76. (Orukkam 2017)
Complete the given time line related to the national movement in Kerala.

Answer:

Question 77. (Orukkam 2017)
Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
2. United Kerala Convention
3. The formation of Kochi-Rajya Prajamandalam
4. Ottappalam Conference
Answer:
1. Ottappalam Conference
2. Formation of the Travancore State Congress
3. The formation of Kochi-Rajya Prajamandalam
4. United Kerala Convention

Question 78.
Explain the events that led to a united Kerala.
Answer:

• Nagpure congress committee in 1920.
• First Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee in 1921.
• Payyannur Congress Committee.
• United Kerala Convention
• Merger of Travancore and Cochin.
• Formation of Kerala State in 1956.

You can Download Culture and Nationalism Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 5 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 5 Culture and Nationalism Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 5 Notes

Hss Live Guru 10th History Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Can you find out the objectives of English education in India from his statement?
Answer:

• To prepare a generation that favors English life styles.
• Compulsion to work with low wages.
• Impose interest towards British culture.
• To make people work under the British rule.

Culture And Nationalism Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Did the British rule lead to the growth of Indian nationalism ? Evaluate.
Answer:
The British captured India in the 19th century. Their culture, ideologies which entered in to the Indian society was to be restricted. This was thought by those who gained English education and democracy, liberty, equality, scientific awareness,socialism and fundamental rights.

They tried to modify the social customs and traditions and to prevent the entry of English culture. This resulted in restricting the inequalities and violation of rights which prevailed in the Indian society and to inculcate nationalism among Indians.

Culture And Nationalism Class 10 Notes Pdf Question 3.
How did the ideologies put forward by Indian reform movements create nationalism among Indians? Discuss on the basis of the given hints:
Answer:
Opposition to Caste System:
Social reformers succeeded in creating a feeling of universal brotherhood forgetting the bonds of caste and religion.

Advocating for Equal Rights:
The British had a feeling that they were racially superior and it created a feeling of nationalism among Indians. British kept up the same even in the jurisdiction.

Defending the instruction of foreign ideas and culture:
British captured India in the 19th century. Their culture, ideologies which entered into the Indian society was to be restricted. This was thought by those who gained English education and democracy, liberty, equality, scientific awareness, socialism and fundamental rights.

They tried to modify the social customs and traditions and to prevent the entry of English culture. This resulted in restricting the inequalities and violation of rights which prevailed in the Indian society and to inculcate nationalism among Indians.

Protest against social evils:
Caste system is a social protest against human equality. Raja Ram Mohan Roy protested against polygamy, child marriage. Sree Narayana Guru fought against caste system and social evils.

Educational Development:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy strives for establishing modem education in India. He explained the prominence of Mathematics, Chemistry and Philosophy.

Protest against the Discrimination imposed upon women:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated for the right of woman to own property. Brahmasamaj advocated for a higher status of women in the society. ‘Prabha System’ was withdrawn Widow Remarriage was established. ‘Sati’ was abolished, polygamy was withdrawn, education for women was advocated

Nationalism In India Class 10 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Examine the role of news papers in making people aware of exploitation and violation of rights they faced.
Answer:
News papers played an important role in making people aware of their problems. Freedom of press was limited. Rulers tried to block the news which was against them. Social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ramakrishna Pillai brought the exploitation and violation through newspapers. Ramakrishna Pillai questioned the kingly powers and struggled for civil rights. Raja Ram Mohan Roy protested against Sati, child marriage, illiteracy.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Find out the names of Malayalam news papers published during the time of independence movement and list them.
Answer:

10th State Syllabus Social Science Question 6.
Prepare a speech on the role of the press in fostering national unity and social reformation in India.
Answer:
Dear friends,
With the entry of printing machine the cost of exchange of ideas and knowledge has lowered. It was done by news papers and many other journals. The British tried to control but could not succeed. Newspapers brought out the cruel face of the British. They played an import ant role in organizing public discussions, political movements and developing nationalism.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Question 7.
Identify the role of education from these observations.
Answer:

• To bring about changes in society.
• To maintain unity.
• As technology and the culture changes, the role of education evolves.
• To equip people with the knowledge to make a positive difference in society.
• Helps instill values, attitudes and behaviors that align with those expected in a society

Hsslive Guru 10th Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
How did the advancement in education help nurture Indian Nationalism.
Answer:
Western education was helpful for the growth of Indian nationalism. Indians became aware of brotherhood, equality, liberty and self rule.The British was domineering and had a discrimination over Indians. This wounded their emotions. They decided to unite and fight against the British. English became a common language of the educated.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Question Bank Question 9.
Following are some ideas envisioned in national education. Read carefully. List the institutions that worked for materializing these ideas.
Answer:

Hss Live Class 10 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
How did literature in various languages motivate Indian nationalism? Discuss.
Answer:
Literature motivated Indian nationalism. Protest against British grew as a result of hatred. But literates and middle class showed different ways towards them. They showed their resentments through articles, novels, plays and news papers. Subrahmania Bharathi, Tagore, Premchand, Althaf Hussai Ali were the writers at that age. They wrote about the agonies and atrocities faced by the people.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Questions And Answers Question 11.
Prepare an essay on the factors that contributed to the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
Role of painters:
Painters played a vital role in the emergence of Indian nationalism. Raja Ravi Varma visualised various scenes from Indian epics and literature following the western style. Nandalal Bose protested against ‘Sati’.

Abanindranath Tagore pictured Bharath Matha giving goods, cloth and knowledge to Indian masses. Painters played an important role to be free from western style and to promote Indian culture and nationalism.

Role of Literature:
Literature motivated Indian nationalism. Protest against British grew as a result of hatred. But literates and middle class showed different ways towards them. They showed their resentments through articles, novels, plays and news papers. Subrahmania Bharathi, Tagore, Premchand, Althaf Hussai Ali were the writers at that age. They wrote about the agonies and atrocities faced by the people.

Role of Newspaper:
The newspapers during the freedom struggle functioned with the aim to create awareness on social issues, to help them to participate in the national movement and to treat any problem any where as a national problem. Indian leaders depended on new papers to promote nationalistic ideologies.

Journalism was a social service. They criticized the British policies. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first to launch the news paper with the national perspective. His Sambath Kaumudi in Bengali, Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian focused on social reformation, democracy and nationalism. Following the same, many reformers and national leaders published newspapers in regional languages.

The British imposed strict measures to control the power of press. The Vernacular Press Act by Lord Lytton in 1878 was one among them. As it restrained the freedom of  press in regional languages, the British withdrew the act after a massive protest. The protection, circulation and reading were a part of freedom struggle during those days.

Role of Education:
It was education that helped India to fight against the British colonial supremacy and social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. The establishment of national educational institutions was the important one to inculcate nationalism. Through this, secular education was imparted.

Role of Social reform movements:
Liberal outlook, passion for modernization and rationalism that nurtured in India society in the 19th century paved the way for the emergence of various social reform movements. They had two main objectives.

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• Ensure civil right to education, travel and dress code.
• The socioeconomic situation in India was not favorable to achieve these goals. So, proposals were advanced by the reformers to bring about fundamental changes in the society.
• Eradicate caste system .
• Protect the rights of all .
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.

Culture and Nationalism Let Us Assess

10th Standard History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
‘Indian nationalism was a form of protest against and dissent to the British colonialism’. Substantiate.
Answer:
By the 19^th century, English culture and ideologies began to intrude into Indian society. Some Indian leaders found it necessary to resist this cultural invasion. Most of them were English educated Indians who internalized the concepts like democracy, liberty, rationalism, equality, scientific temper, socialism, civil rights, etc.

They ventured to reform the social customs and rituals prevailed in the country, thereby to defend the invasion of English culture. They tried to reform Indian society, language, art and literature. It motivated to protest against inequalities and violation of rights and created a sense of unity among the people.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Geography Notes Question 2.
The news papers have a major role in unifying the people of a country. Evaluate the significance of this statement in Indian context.
Answer:
The newspapers during the freedom struggle functioned with the aim to create awareness on social issues, to help them to participate in the national movement and to treat any problem any where as a national problem. Indian leaders depended on new papers to promote nationalistic ideologies.

Journalism was a social service. They criticized the British policies. Raja Ram Mohan Roy was the first to launch the news paper with the national perspective. His Sambath Kaumudi in Bengali, Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian focused on social reformation, democracy and nationalism. Following the same, many reformers and national leaders published newspapers in regional languages.

The British imposed strict measures to control the power of press. The Vernacular Press Act by Lord Lytton in 1878 was one among them. As it restrained the freedom of press in regional languages, the British withdrew the act after a massive protest. The protection, circulation and reading were a part of freedom struggle during those days.

Hsslive Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Evaluate how changes in education influenced the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
It was education that helped India to fight against the British colonial supremacy and social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. The establishment of national educational institutional the important one to inculcate nationalism. Through this, secular education was imparted.

The Oeccan Education Society founded in 1884 in Pune by G.G. Agarkar, Bal Gangadhar Thilak and Mahadev Govinda Ranade was one of such educational institutions established with a nationalistic perspective.The Swadeshi Movement in 1905, after the partition of Bengal founded many educational institutions. D.K. Karve started the first Indian women University in Maharashtra in 1916.

It was started for women empowerment. Many educational institutions also developed for promotion of nationalism opposition to social aids and rejection of western education. Visvabharathi, founded by Rabindranath Tagore focused on Universal brotherhood. Tagore aimed at a system that would bridge western and eastern cultures.

When the national movement became strong, under Mahatma Gandhi, a team led by Maulana Mohammed Ali, Shoukath Ali, Dr, Zakir Hussain and M. Ansari founded Tamia Millia Islamia in Aligart. It was to strengthen national movement through secular education. Intrusion of western arts and education ruined Indian traditional arts.

Initiatives were taken to defend the cultural invasion and promote traditional arts. Kerala Kalamandalam in Cheruthuruthy village of Thrissur established by Mahakavi Vallathol Narayana Menon aimed at this.In 1937, Mahatma Gandhi proposed Wardha education plan on vocational education. He dreamt that it would build up a good future, a generation to defend the British.

Class 10 History Chapter 5 Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Identify the correlation between the items in section A and complete section B in the same way.
i. A. Vallathol Narayana Menon: Malayalam
B. Altaf Husain Hali :
ii. A. Bharat Mata: Abanindranath, Tagore
B. Sati :
iii. A. Anandamath : Novel
B. Nil Darpan :
iv. A. Arya Samaj: Swami Dayananda Saraswati
B. Rama Krishna Mission:
Answer:
i.A. Vallathol Narayana Menon: Malayalam.
B.Altaf Husain Hali : Urdu.
ii.A. Bharat Mata : Abanindranath Tagore.
B. Sati : Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
iii.A. Anandamath : Novel.
B. Nil Darpan : Drama.
iv.A. Arya Samaj : Swami Dayananda Saraswati.
B. Rama Krishna Mission: Swami Viveka nandan.

Culture and Nationalism Orukkam Questions and Answers

10th Class History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Complete the table.
Answer:

10th History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
List out the circumstances helps to develop unity in the minds of Indians.
Some Indian leaders found it necessary to resist the ideas and cultural invasion of Britishers into Indian Society.
Answer:

• The Indians who got English education found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British.
• Those who had English education started national educational institutions.
• Encouraged secular education.
• Jointly worked together against the inequalities of Indian society.

Class 10 Nationalism In India Notes Question 3.
List out any two major objectives of social reform movements in India.
Protest against various social evils.
Answer:

• To ensure equal civil rights to education,travel and dress code.
• Eradicate caste system.
• Protect the rights of all Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.

History 10th Class Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Complete the sun diagram given below.

Answer:
a. Eradicate caste system
b. Eliminate discrimination against women.
c. Abolish child marriage and eliminate supremacy of clergy.
d. Protect the rights of all.
e. Provide education to all.

Hsslive Guru Class 10 Social Science Question 5.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a.Raja Ram Mohan Roy.
b.AryaSamaj.
c.Padita Rama Bai.
d.Ramakrishna Mission.
e.Atmaram Pandurang.
f.Self Respect Movement.

Nationalism In India Class 10 Solutions Question 6.
Complete the Time line given below.

Answer:
a. English education introduced in India.
b.1856
c. Vernacular Press Act
d.1884
e. First Indian women University in Maharashtra.
f. 1937
g. Indian National Congress.

Question 7.
List out the role of news papers to foster nationalism during the period of national movement.
Created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British.
Answer:
Disseminated information on massacres oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country.
Popularized reformative movements against social evils and superstitions.
Motivated the people to protest against the British rule and evils in Indian society.
Kept abreast of the global agitations for freedom democracy and equality.
Reported the calamities like plague and famines.

Question 8.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a. Bengali.
b. Vandematharam.
c. G. Subrahmania Iyer.
d. Maulana Abdul KalamAzad .
e. Annie Besant.

Question 9.
Complete table given below.

Answer:

Question 10.
Complete the table.

Answer:
a.  Women empowerment.
b.  Universal Brotherhood.
c.  Secular Education.
d.  Revival of traditional arts.
e.  Vocational education.

Question 11.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 12.
Complete the table.

Answer:
A. Bharat Mata.
B. Abnindranath Tagore.
C. Sathi.
D. Nandalal Bose.
E. Raja Ravi Varma.
F. Painting of Village Life.

Culture and Nationalism Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Nationalism?
Answer:
Nationalism is the sense of unity that exists among the people of a nation irrespective of caste, creed, region and religion.

Question 2.
Which were the two types of protests emerged in India, during the 19th century in the cultural field.
Answer:

• Protest against inequality, violations of rights and social evils which existed in the Indian society.
• Protest against the economic exploitation of the colonial forces.

Question 3.
Which were the factors that prompted the introduction of English Educationalist in India?
Answer:
The British colonialists realized the fact that an in depth understanding of the social cultural life of the Indians was essential to strengthen their rule. They learned about Indian society from the works in Sanskrit and Persian and by translating them.

They established several institutions to study more about India, to interfere in Indian education system, and to train their own officers.Later the British rulers realized that it was not possible to know India well through these efforts alone.

To ensure commercial growth, the British thinkers who favored free trade argued for strong British intervention in Indian society. But, it was not possible to bring about reforms without popular support. Hence they started English education to nurture a fraction of Indian society that would support Britain.

Question 4.
From the column given below, choose the suitable one from ‘B’ that match with ‘A’.

Answer:

Question 5.
Evaluate the role played by social reformer movements in the emergence of nationalism.
Answer:
Liberal outlook, passion for modernization and rationalism nurtured in Indian society in the 19 century paved the way for the emergence of various social reforms. They had two main objectives.

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• To ensure equal civil rights to education, travel and dress code.

The socioeconomic situation in India was not favorable to achieve these goals .So the reformers aimed at bringing about the fundamental changes in the society . For this they advanced the following proposals .

• Eradicate caste system
• Protect the rights of all.
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Provide education to all.
• Promote widow marriage
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.

Raja Rammohan roy was the pioneer among the social reformers who strives hard for the modernization of Indian society. He opposed caste system and sati, social evils prevailed in the Indian society and established the brahma samaj in Bengal.

He propagated the idea of a unified Indian society in the place of a society fragmented over caste lines. This idea prompted patriotism among the people. Thus the concept of a unified nation became one of the objectives of social reform .

To improve the status of women, he advocated for the right of women to own property. Taking cue from his ideologies, many leaders from various parts of India ventured to reform the society. In Bengal,Ishwar chandra vidyasagar argued for remarriage of widows.

As a result the British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856. He established educational institutions for women education. Such centers for women education were founded in various parts of the country. Sarada Sadan in Bombay established by Padita Ramabai was one of the important institutions among them.

Question 6.
List down the social evils in India banned by the British through laws.
Answer:

• Banned female infanticide ‘Abolished sati.
• Permitted Widow remarriage.
• Prevented Child marriage and polygamy.
• Prevented marriage of girls below 12 years of age, Abolished Slavery.

Questioned 7.
Evaluate the role of news papers in the emergence of nationalism in India.
Answer:
The Newspapers during freedom struggle functioned with the aims to create public awareness of various social issues, to motivate everyone to participate in the national movement and to prompt the people to treat the problem anywhere in the country as a national problem.

Role of Newspapers :

• Disseminated information on massacres, oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country.
• Popularized reformative movements against social evils and superstitions.
• Motivated the people to protest against the British rule and evils in Indian society.
• Kept abreast of the global agitations for freedom, democracy and equality.
• Created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British.
• Reported the calamities like plague and famines that killed thousands of Indians in various regions.

Question 8.
Explain how changes in the field of education led to the emergence of nationalism in India.
Answer:
Education was the major field which witnessed the conflict of 2 diverse interests.

• The British interest to gain political, economic and cultural hegemony over India.
• The Indian interest to free the country from political .economic and cultural domination of the British.

Education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India.Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. They imparted secular education to all sections of the society.

Question 9.
Arrange the table given below properly.

Answer:

Question 10.
What was the theme of Bankim Chandra Chatterji’s novel Anandamath?
Answer:
Bankim Chandra Chatterji a famous Bengali writer adopted novel a western form of literature as a medium to portray the plight of Indian society. Of his novels, the most notable is anandamath based on the Sanyasi Revolt of Bengali peasants.

He would well illustrate the agonies of Bengali farmers and disparity between rich and poor in the Bengali society. Thus Indian society came to know about the predicaments of the Bengali’s. The song Bandematharam is taken from this novel.

Culture and Nationalism SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The establishment of the Asiatic Society of Bengal and the introduction of English education are examples for two kinds of policies adopted by Britain to establish their domination in India. What are these policies?
Answer:

• An in depth understanding of the social cultural life of the Indians. It will help strengthen their rule.
• To get the support of a fraction of Indian society through English education.

Question 2.
How did the interference of the British in the field of education create a sense of unity among the Indians?
Answer:

• The Indians who got English education found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British.
• Those who had English education started national educational institutions.
• Encouraged secular education.
• Jointly worked together against the inequalities of Indian society.

Question 3.
Compare the policies of British education and national education during national movement.
Answer:
National education :

• Opposed inequalities of Indian society.
• Jointly protested British colonial rule.
• Created national outlook among the Indians.
• Hindi emerged as national language.

British education:

• Tried to create a generation interested in English life style.
• Tried to get the support of a fraction of Indian society.

Question 4.
The protest of a writer against the existing exploitative system of a nation will create a sense of unity among the people of that country. Substantiate this statement on the basis of the works of writers during the British rule.
Answer:

• Writers described the miseries of the people.
• Created a fellow feeling among the people so that the miseries of the people of other region were considered as their own.
• Writers described the realities of the lives of Indians.

Question 5.
What kind of attitude might have been created in favor of nationalism by the painting ‘Sati’ of Nandalal Bose.
Answer:

• The painting ‘Sati’ by Nandalal Bose developed an attitude against evil customs among the Indians.
• An attitude to eradicate discrimination against women.

Question 6.
Match column ‘A’ with column ‘B’

Answer:

Question 7.
Who worked for the remarriage of the widows in Bengal?
Answer:
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.

Question 8.
To what extend the ideas, put forward by the social reform movements of India during the nineteenth century were suitable for a social change in India? Evaluate.
Answer:

• Eradicate caste system.
• Protect the rights of all.
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Provide education for all Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.
• Opposed Brahman domination.
• Opposed evil practices.
• Encouraged freedom, equality, free thinking, interlining and inter caste marriage.
• Argued for the upliftment of women and backward classes.
• Started educational institutions for backward classes.
• Social reformers tried to develop national consciousness and unity among the Indians irrespective of caste and religion.

Question 9.
Analyse the role of education in the emergence of Indian nationalism.
Answer:

• Education helped to oppose British colonial domination and the inequalities existed in the Indian society.
• National educational institutions fostered national consciousness.
• Provided secular education • Swadeshi movement led to the growth of national education.
• Created a sense that modern education is necessary for the social cultural and political progress of the Indians.
• Many national educational institutions were set up for the growth of national education.
• The educational system of Tagore emphasized the International cooperation.
• The above mentioned factors helped for the development of national consciousness among the Indians.

Question 10.
Find out the relationship between the two parts of item ‘A’ and fill in the blanks of item ‘B’ accordingly.
A. Self Respect Movement : E.V. Ramaswami Naicker
B. Satya Shodack Samaj :
A. Brahma Samaj : Raja Ram Mohan Roy
B. Prarthana Samaj :
Answer:
B. Satyashodak Samaj : Jyotiba Phule.
B. Prarthana Samaj: Atmaram Pandurang.

Question 11.
Explain the role of newspapers in propagating the ideas of Indian national movement.
Answer:

• Criticised the activities of the British government through news papers.
• News pa-pers were published in various languages.
• News papers gave emphasis on nationalism, social reform and democracy.

Question 12.
What were the factors that urged Gandhiji to form a plan for vocational education?
Answer:

• Vocational training during education would help to build up a good future.
• Such a generation could resist the British.

Question 13.
Who founded Indian Society of Oriental Arts?
Answer:
Abanindranath Tagore (Bengali Painter)

Question 14.
Arrange the following in chronological order.
(i)   Hindu widow Remarriage Act.
(ii)  Haripura session of Indian National Congress.
(iii) Vernacular Press Act
(iv) Partition of Bengal
Answer:
(i)   Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856).
(ii)  Vernacular Press Act (1878).
(iii) Partition of Bengal (1905).
(iv) Haripura session of Indian National Congress (1938).

Question 15.
Visva Bharati University was an example for the international outlook of Rabindranath Tagore. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:

• Gave emphasis on universal brother hood.
• An education system bridging western and eastern cultures.

Question 16.
What were the social evils abolished by law in India as a result of the activities of the social reformers and their movements?
Answer:

• Child marriage and polygamy, sati, slavery, female infanticide.
• Permitted widow remarriage.

Culture and Nationalism Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Sarada Sadan was founded for women education in India. Who was its founder ?
Ans.Pandita Ramabai.

Question 2.
Identify the correlation between the items in section A and complete section B in the same way.
Bharath Mata: Abhanindranath Tagore.
Sati
Answer:
Nandalal Bose 1

Questioned 3.
Write a note on anti colonialism in India.
Answer:
Regional organisations were formed in India as a part of anti colonialism. But these organisation gave priority for regional needs. The cultural and ideological intervention of British influenced the social life, newspapers, education, literature and various fields.

Question 4.
Which were the similar societies formed other than Indian Associations?
Answer:
Land Holders Society:
The society formed in 1837 to protect the interests of the land owners in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

British Indian Society:
British Indian Society of 1837 and Land Holders Society of 1851 joined together to form British Indian Association. Radhakanth Deb was the first president and Devendra Nath Tagore was the first secretary.

Madras Native Association:
Formed in 1852.

Bombay Association:
Formed in 1852.

East India Association :
In 1866, this was formed in London by Dada Bhai Navroji. It was formed for the welfare of Indians with the support of British.

Pune Sarvajanik Sabha:
This was formed in Pune by Justice Mahadeva Govinda Ranade and a group of his friends in 1870. Madras.

Mahajana Sabha:
This was formed in 1844.

Bombay Presidency Association:
Formed in 1885.

Question 5.
What were the aims of English Education?
Answer:

• Compulsion to work with low wages.
• Impose interest towards British culture.
• To make people work under the British rule.

Question 6.
What can be the situations which contributed to a mentality against British and the growth of nationalism in India?
Answer:
British established dominance in India for their own benefits. But by the half of 19th century the feeling of nationalism developed among the Indians.

• Burden of taxes
• Decline of small scale industries
• Influence of English education
• Anti-social policies
• Social religious movements.

Question 7.
Explain the role of news papers.
Answer:

• In formations is brought from all parts of the world.
• Protest against inequalities and injustice.
• Raises voice against violation of human rights.
• Creates awareness about various problems faced by Indians.

Question 8.
The outlook of social reformers on the importance and need of education is given. Examine how education would help for these.
Answer:
Education became the reason for the changes in Indian. The educated leaders could reform the society. Communication with the people with the knowledge of English. Indians could first against the inequalities and British domination as a result of education. Modem education was an important factor for the religiousness and cultural development of the Indians.

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Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 11 Sociology: What? Why? Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 11 Notes

Sociology deals with society and various social issues. Many factors contributed to the development of sociology. It analyses different areas. Sociology has many peculiarities different from that of other social sciences.

Question 1.
Based on the description given in the table, identify the branch of social science.

Answer:

Question 2.
Observation can be of two types – which are they?
Answer:
1. Participant observation
2. Non-participant observation

Question 3.
Explain observation method in social science research.
Answer:
Observation can be of two types such as,

• Participant observation
• Non-participant observation.

In participant observation method, the observer collects information directly from the study area. This method is very popular in social science research. For understanding the issues and collecting information, the researcher personalise the language, culture, etc., of a social group. This helps him to understand the entire features of the area of his study. This method is also known as fieldwork.

On the other hand, in case of nonparticipant observation, the researcher does not collect information directly from the area of study. Instead, the researcher collects information through his observation from outside.

Sociology has different methods of study. These methods are used to analyze different areas. Social survey, interview, observation, case study are the methods of study in sociology. Each method has its own peculiarities.

Question 4.
Explain the methodology in social science research.
Answer:
1) Social survey:
Survey method is the most appropriate method to study social subjects/issues. In this method, information is collected from a group of people selected according a some specific criteria. By analyzing the information, researcher can come across some find¬ings on a particular issue.

2) Interview:
Interview is face to face and verbal conversation be-tween researcher and respondent. When interview method is not practical researcher adopts observation method in which he records what he sees, hears and experiences through his observation.
The precautions while choosing interview method are:

• Identify suitable persons for interviews.
• Have clear cut idea about the information to be collected.
• Prepare suitable questions.
• Lead effective method of interview.
• Time management
• logical arrangement of information and report Writing.

3) Observation:
Observation can be of two types such as,

• Participant Observation
• Non-participant observation.

In participant observation method, the observer collects information directly from the study area. This method is very popular in social science research. For understanding the issues and collecting information, the researcher personalise the language, culture, etc., of a social group. This helps him to understand the entire features of the area of his study. This method is also known as fieldwork.

On the other hand, in case of nonparticipant observation, the researcher does not collect information directly from the area of study. Instead, the researcher collects information through his observation from outside.

4) Case Study:
This method is adopted to study extraordinary is-sues in-depth. Such studies will be very comprehensive. It will be a complete study of a particular case. Case study is also used for data collection.

Question 5.
Discuss the difference between creative writing and social science studies.
Answer:
There are differences between creative writing and social science studies. These differences can be listed as follows.
Creative writing:

• Deals with imagination and creativity
• Social events are expressed in its beauty.
• Aims at enjoyment of creative writing.

Social science studies:

• Social phenomena and subjects are scientifically analyzed
• Makes cause-effect studies of events.
• Analyses the society objectively.

Question 6.
Discuss the importance of sociology.
Answer:

• It helps to formulate real idea about the society.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to identify relation between individuals and social institutions.
• It studies social issues
• It helps to find solutions to social issues
• It is helpful in social planning and development.
• Studies on backward classes, exploited classes, etc., are helpful for social welfare activities.

Question 7.
What do you mean by sample survey? How is it different from census?
Answer:
Collecting information from the entire population is the census method. Selecting a particular group of people from the study area to collect information is the sample survey.

Sociology: What? Why? Model Questions & Answers

Question 8.
Origin of social science was due to three revolution’. Which are they?
Answer:

• Scientific Revolution (Renaissance).
• French Revolution
• Industrial Revolution.

Question 9.
Identify the personalities who gave significant contribution to development social science in India.
Answer:
A.R. Desai, S.D. Dubey, M.N Sreenivas, D.P. Mukherji, G.S. Khure, etc., are the famous Indian social scientists.

Question 10.
Complete the following chart.

Answer:

Question 11.
Point out the precautions while choosing interview as a method of study.
Answer:
The precautions while choosing interview method are:

• Identify suitable persons for interview
• Have clear cut idea about the information to be collected.
• Prepare suitable questions.
• Lead effective method of interview
• Time management
• logical arrangement of information and report writing.

Question 12.
Prepare a table showing differences between interview and questionnaires.

Answer:

Question 13.
Complete the list
1. Social survey
2. ………………
3. ………………
4. ………………
Answer:
1. Social survey
2. Interview
3. Case study
4. Observation

Question 14.
Census is conducted one in ……….. years.
Answer:
10 years

Question 15.
Point out the subject matter of economics.
Answer:

• Production
• Consumption
• Capital formation

Question 16.
‘Census method is not always possible’. Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Yes.
Census method is not always possible due the following reasons.

• It is time-consuming
• Area of study is very large
• It is very expensive

Question 17.
Who are respondents?
Answer:
The people subjects to the study are called respon¬dents.

Question 18.
Why does Auguste Compte called father of sociology?
Answer:
The thoughts of Auguste Compte, the French social scientist, laid the foundation of social science studies. He named the discipline he developed as social physics and later he renamed it as sociology. That is why Auguste Compte called the father of sociology.

Question 19.
The first social science department was started in ……….. University in India.
Answer:
Bombay University

Let Us Assess

Question 20.
How is creative writing different from the study of sociology?
Answer:

Question 21.
What is meant by sociology?
Answer:
Sociology is an academic discipline concerned with the study of the social life of human groups and individuals.

Question 22.
What are the important areas in sociology?
Answer:

• Social institutions
• Social relations
• Social change
• Social issues
• Social groups
• Social control
• Socialisation
• Societies.

Question 23.
Name the early social scientists.
Answer:
Auguste Compte, Herbert Spencer, Karl Max, Emil Durkheim, and Max Weber are the early social scientists.

Question 24.
Identify the branches of social science.
1. History
2. ……….
3. ……….
4. ……….
5. ……….
6. ……….
Answer:
1. History
2. Economics
3. Anthropology
4. Geography
5. Political Science
6. Psychology

Question 25.
Summarise the discussion points on the importance of Sociology.
Answer:

• It helps to formulate real idea about the society.
• It helps to know own society and other societies objectively.
• It helps to identify relation between individuals and social institutions.
• It studies social issues
• It helps to find solutions to social issues
• It is helpful in social planning and development.
• Studies on backward classes exploited classes,

etc., are helpful for social welfare activities.

Question 26.
How does social survey a major methodology of sociology helps to understand the society ?.
Answer:
Survey method is the most appropriate method to study social subjects/issues. In this method, information is collected from a group of people selected according a some specific criteria. By analyzing the information, researcher can come across some findings on a particular issue.

Question 27.
Differentiate between observation and interview.
Answer:
Interview is face to face and verbal conversation be-tween researcher and respondent. When interview method is not practical researcher adopts observation method in which he records what he sees, hears and experiences through his observation.

Question 28.
Prepare a questionnaire of a minimum of 10 questions to collect data on about transport problems faced by your friends to reach the school.
Answer:

1. Where is your house located?
2. How far is school from your house?
3. What is your mode of transport?
4. Do you get vehicles in school time?
5. Do you get concession in bus?
6. What is the time gap between the buses.
7. Do all buses stop before school?
8. Does conductor behave well?
9. Do you face transportation difficulty during rainy season?
10. Does the shortage of school bus create transportation?

Question 29. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Analyze the method in which creative writing intervenes a social issue.
Answer:

• Writing based on imagination and creativity.
• Social events are depicted on aesthetic realms.
• Appreciation is the main objective.

Question 30. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Analyze the method in which a sociologist approaches a social issue.
Answer:

• Social issues analyzed scientifically.
• Social conditions are analyzed on the basis of cause-effect relationship.

Question 31. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Match the items in column A with the items in column B appropriately.

Answer:
i – c
ii – a
iii – d
iv – b

Question 32.
(Qn. Pool-2017)
What is the revolution that paved the way for the emergence of sociology?
Answer:

• Renaissance
• French Revolution.
• Industrial Revolution

Question 33. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Who is known as the Father of Sociology?
Answer:
Auguste Comte

Question 34. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write the name of Sociology in the early age.
Answer:
Social Physics

Question 35. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the thinker who used the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin to study Sociology.
Answer:
Herbert Spencer

Question 36. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the important thinkers who contributed to the development of Sociology.
Answer:
Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber

Question 37. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Why Sociology is considered as the comprehensive study of Society?
Answer:
Sociology is the comprehensive study of the relation between man and his social environment.

Question 38. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the methods used for studying Sociology?
Answer:
Social Survey, Interview, Observation, Case study

Question 39. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Survey is considered as the most suitable method to study Sociology. Why is it said so?
Answer:
Survey helps to formulate a comprehensive point of view of the topic.

Question 40. (Qn. Pool-2017)
How interview helps the study of Sociology?
Answer:
Interview helps to know and analyze the attitudes, views, beliefs, and habits.

Question 41. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is Observation?
Answer:
Observation as a method of study records truthfully whatever is seen, heard, and experienced.

Question 42. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What are the two types of observation?
Answer:
a) Participant observation
b) Non-participant observation

Question 43. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is participant observation?
Answer:
Researcher directly collects information.

Question 44. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the method of study of participant observation.
Answer:
The Sociologist stays with the population under the study and understands their life, language culture and analyses it.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is non-participant observation?
Answer:
The researcher observes the society from outside.

Question 46. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is case study?
Answer:
Case study is used to make an in-depth study on rare and different social phenomena and problems.

Question 47.
Match the following.

Answer:

Question 48. (Orukkam – 2017)
One of the main areas under Sociology is given below. Find out some more areas.
1. Social groups
2. ……………….
3. ……………….
4. ……………….
5. ……………….
6. ……………….
7. ……………….
8. ……………….
Answer:
1. Social groups
2. Social institutions
3. Social relations
4. Socialization
5. Social control
6. Communities
7. Social changes
8. Social problems

Question 49. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the picture pertaining with the methods of study in sociology.

Answer:

Question 50.
What are the practical applications of sociology?
Answer:
Commerce, town planning, advertisements, media, and educational activities.

Students can Download Social Science Part 1 Chapter 2 World in the Twentieth Century Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

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Students can Download Social Science Part 2 Chapter 7 India: The Land of Diversities Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2  Chapter 3 Human Resource Development in India Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 3 Notes

Human Resource Development In India Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Prepare a note on the facilities provided in your area for the development of human resource ?
Answer:

• Provides better health facilities.
• Many welfare schemes have been implemented.
• Provides institutions providing higher education
• Provide training programmes
• Balancing multiple objectives of labor market regulations

Explain The Different Levels Of Human Resource Development Class 10 Question 2.
Find out from your elders what information was collected from your home for the 2011 census.
Answer:
In India, population census is conducted once in ten years. The last census was conducted in 2011. Information related to the population was collected as on 1^st March 2011. According to this census India’s population was 121.02 crores. Out of this 58.65 crores are . females and 62.37 crores are males.

Human Resource Development Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Collect more information on the population by visiting the website www.censusindia.gov.in.
Answer:
Total population of India 121.02 crores
Men :- 62.37 crores
Female :- 58.65 crores
The most populated state — Uttar Pradesh.
Least populated state — Sikkim
Most densely populated state — Bihar
Least densely populated state — Arunachal Pradesh
The state having least decadal growth rate — Nagaland
The state having highest decadal growth that rate — Meghalaya
Union territory having least decadal growth rate — Lakshadweep
Union territory having highest decadal growth rate — Dadra- Nagar- Havelli

Human Resource Development In India Sslc Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
How does the population density of an area influence the availability of human resource? Discuss.
Answer:

• In a densely populated region Labour force will be more.
• It will become fruitful only if the human resource development is possible.
• If government provide better education, health care, practice etc. they become skilled and quality labours.
• Otherwise high density of population leads to unemployment and poverty.

Human Resource Development In India Class 10 Notes Question 5.
Which decade has marked the maximum population growth ?
Answer:
1961 – 71

State Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Notes Pdf  Question 6.
From which year on wards is there a decrease in the population growth rate ?
Answer:
1991

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
ow much decrease did the population growth rate record in the decade 2001 – 2011 ?
Answer:
4%

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
What changes are made in the population of a country by birth rate, death rate and migration ? Prepare a note.
Answer:

Hsslive Guru Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Given below is the age structure based on Census of India 2011. Observe the diagram and find out the answers.

A. What percentage of the total population belongs to the age group of 0 -14 years ?
B. What percentage of the total population belongs to the age group of 60 years and above?
C. What percentage of the total population belongs to the age group of 15 – 59 years ?
Answer:
A. 29.4 %
B. 8 %
C. 62.5 %

10th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
Discuss the problems in the economy as a result of a decrease in the labor force participation rate and increase in the dependency ratio.
Answer:
A decrease in the labor force participation rate means decrease in the number of employed person. It means decrease in the age group who has the ability to contribute to the progress of the nation. There by increase in the dependency rate cause decrease in per capita income, and increase in poverty. It also leads to low standard of living of the people. It will be an obstacle to the economic development.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 11.
Conduct a discussion in class on the topic sex ratio and the nation’s economic development.
Answer:
Sex ratio is related to economic development. Sex ratio is high in economically developed countries but it is low in undeveloped countries. The Increase in death rate of females causes low sex ratio. Besides, abortion, unhealthy treatment and discrimination’s against women within families are the reasons behind low sex ratio. In developed countries sex ratio is high due to better health, high literacy, sound finance, high standard of living etc. Under developed countries can attain high sex ratio by providing priority in economic planning.

Scert Class 10 Social Science Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
What are the qualitative factors that improve the labor potential?
Answer:

• Education
• Healthcare
• Training
• Social capital
• Life span
• Literacy rate

Hss Live Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Prepare a note on how human resource development helps in economic development.
Answer:
Human resource development helps to increase production directly and indirectly. A country requires people to produce goods and services efficiently. Labor force in various fields has to be developed for the same. People contribute for the production. As they own the labor power and helps to increase in production of goods and services. As a result this improves the social- economic condition.

The development prospects of a country don’t depend on the natural resources. The coal reserves of Korbar field in M.P remain unutilized, until the zone was opened with railway link connecting Bhilai Steel Plant. Man is a development key, whose abilities, values and attitudes must be changed for a development process. Education and healthcare helps the human resource development.

Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Prepare a report collecting details about the different educational development programmes undertaken by the state and local government institutions in Kerala.
Answer:
Athulyam project :- Project undertaken by Kerala state literacy mission authority. This project explains who haven’t got primary education within the age group of 15 – 50.

National Skill Development Corporation :- Gives skill training in various fields such as construction, tourism, banking and engineering.

Question 15.
Conduct a discussion on the Topic “Educational facilities in India and the existing problems.”
Answer:

• All the students are not getting proper education
• Drop out still continues
• Basic facilities are not available
• Quality of education has to be improved.
• The economically and socially backward are denied the opportunity of education.

Question 16.
Discuss how the different institutions working in the health sector help in making avail-able the medical attention and preventive measures to the people.
Answer:
In India network operates widely at different levels to ensure the people’s health in rural sector. There are different layers of health facilities. Most of the people live in rural areas and they possess sufficient medical institutions which realize the objectives of health. Health indices is developed by attaining basic facilities in health sector. Co-operative and private sectors are the main hospitals.

The multi specialty hospitals operates modem treatment facilities, there are several institutions which provide different streams in medicine like Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Sidha and Homeopathy. The National Rural Health Mission operates in the rural sector. The National Urban Health Mission provides improved health services towards urban slums and township.

Question 17.
Organize a seminar on the Topic ‘The role of education and health care in human resource development’.
Answer:
Education and healthcare help human resource development. There is an element of personal gain in it. When the capacity of an individual is increased, it improves his personal life.

It facilitates the individual to prepare or participate more effectively in social and economic activities which may benefit the whole society- over all development of the people is the ultimate aim of human resource development.

It can be developed by providing education and healthcare to the people. Various resources have to be used to increase human resource development. Humans are as important as natural resources. When the natural resources are combined with human resources there is an increase in production which leads to economic development. Only the quality and development of human resources can be attained.

Question 18.
Do you agree with the statement that the main reason for prosperity and poverty in the world is the difference in human resource development ? Prepare a note.
Answer:
Each country tries to develop its main human resource as to realize their developmental goals. Research and Training centers for education and healthcare are established for this. The knowledge, skill, expertise and health of the people are enhanced. This will facilitate the creation of an efficient labour force in the country. Programmes improve skills of labour force and helps in human resource development.

Human Resource Development in India Let Us Assess

Question 1.
List out the quantitative and qualitative aspects of human resource ?
Answer:
Human Resource refers to people who have the man power which can be utilized in the production sector. Human Resource has qualitative and quantitative aspects.
Quantitative aspects:

• Size of population
• Growth of population
• Population density
• Birth and death rate
• Population structure
• Age structure
• Sex ratio
• Labour force participation
• Dependency ratio

Qualitative aspects:

• Education
• Literacy rate
• Health care
• Life expectancy

Question 2.
Prepare a note by analyzing the importance of population studies.
Answer:
In India, population census is conducted once in ten years. Population studies help the government to quantitatively assess the different needs of the people and to plan activities and programmes accordingly. It also provides various other helps such as

• Informs the availability of human resource in a country.
• Depicts the extent of basic facilities required by the people.
• Quantifies the goods and services required.
• Determines the social economic development policies.

Question 3.
Compare the changes in population due to birth rate, death rate and migration.
Answer:

Question 4.
Labor force participation rate and dependency rate as per the census of India 2011 is given below. Prepare a graph based on this.

Answer:

Question 5.
List the advantages of the increase in labor force participation rate and disadvantages due to increase in dependency rate. Advantages due to increase in labor force participation rate.
Answer:

• It leads to the progress of the nation.
• Per capita income will increase.
• Standard of living of the people will increase.
• Increase in production of goods and services.
• Natural resources can be utilized properly.

Disadvantages due to increase in dependency rate

• Economic progress of the country will decrease.
• It decreases percapita income.
• Standard of living of the people will decrease.
• Production of goods and services also will decrease.

Question 6.
What are the factors that improve human resource? How does this influence a country’s development?
Answer:
There are various factors that improve human resource. They are:

• Provide quality education
• Provision of proper health care
• Job training programmes
• Creation of social capital
• Investment in information

Development in human resource can influence a country’s development by various ways. Such as

• Productivity of workers increases
• Economic inequality will reduce
• Entrepreneurship improvement
• Natural resource is utilized effectively
• Development and use of advanced technology makes possible

Question 7.
How does education help in a country’s development? Prepare a flow chart
Answer:
Education helps in the development of a country. Education has a major role in molding skilled people.

Flowchart:
Education
↓
Improves the skills of individuals
↓
Knows better technology
↓
Helps to secure better job and income
↓
Improves the standard of living

Question 8.
List the existing problems in the health sector.
Answer:
Problems in the health sector.

• Unavailability of nutritious food
• Lack of clean and safe drinking water
• No cleanliness
• Inadequate medical facilities
• Unhealthy Environment.
• Lack of proper time for leisure and relaxation.

Question 9.
Explain how education and health care help in human resource development
Answer:
Education and health care integral to human well-being because only when people have the ability to read and write and the ability to lead a long healthy life, they will be able to make other choices which they valye. In human resource development human beings end in themselves.

Labor skill of an educated person is more than that of an uneducated person hence educated person generates more income. Likewise, a healthy person could provide uninterrupted labor supply for a longer period of time, then the health care is also an important factor. Therefore education and health care help in human resource development.

Human Resource Development in India Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the flow chart

Answer:
a. Human Resource
b. Human resource development
c. Different levels

• Individuals take efforts to develop their own skills.
• Family creates an environment for the development of the potential of individuals.
• Various institutions and agencies provide facilities for education and training.
• Nation provides the necessary facilities for its people to develop their skills

Question 2.
Fill the table which is based on the features of ‘Human Resource.’

Answer:
a. Quantitative,
b. Quantitative,
c. Health care
d. Literacy Rate,
e. Life Expectancy.

Question 3.
Combine the ‘boxes’ suitably.

Answer:

Question 4.
Complete the picture.

Answer:
a. Informs the availability of human resource in a country.
b. Depicts the extent of basic facilities required by the people.
c. Quantifies the goods and services required.
d. Determines the social economic development policies.

Question 5.
Fill in the blank spaces of the boxes.

Answer:
a. Quantitative features of human resources,
b.Growth of population,
c. Birth rate decreases, death rate increases,
d. Birth rate and death rate are equal.

Question 6.
Fill the boxes with relevant details.

Answer;
Birth rate is the number of live births per 100, b. Death rate is number of deaths per 10 00. c. Migration, d. Age structure is the classification of population into different age groups and presenting the ratio of each group in the population, e. 940.

Question 7.
Complete the table.

Answer:

• Health care
• Training
• Social Capital

Question 8.
Using the hints given below, prepare a write up on the topic ‘Advantages of the development of Human resources’.
a. Productivity of the workers
b. Economic equality
c. Utilization of natural resources.
d. Use of advanced technology
e. Entrepreneurship
Answer:
a. Productivity increases: By developing human resources the productivity of workers can be increased. In this way workers contribute more in the productivity process.

b. Economic inequality : In a society with developed human resource economic inequality will be reduced.

c. Utilization of natural resources : Natural resources can be utilized easily by developing natural resources.

d. Use of Advanced technology : Improved human resource make possible the development and use of advanced technology.

e. Entrepreneurship : When human resources are developed entrepreneurship improves

Question 9.
Fill the ‘gaps’ in the flow chart given below.

Answer:
Improves the skills of individuals,
b. Helps to secure better job and income.

Question 10.
One of the projects implemented in India to develop education and skill is given below. Find out similar projects and write down in the box. The project which is implementing in India to ensure integrated development of children up to 6 years, and to provide health care for pregnant and lactating women is Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS).

Answer:
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA): To ensure universal primary education to all. To improve educational facilities.

Rashtriya Uchthal Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA): To increase the access to higher education. To improve the quality of higher education.

National Skill Development and Monetary Reward Scheme: To improve the working skills of the youth To ensure the availability of people with employable skills.

Question 11.
Complete the chart

Answer:
a. Lack of availability of basic facilities
b. Quality of education has to be improved.

Question 13.
Fill the chart by supplying correct details.

Answer:
a. State of physical mental and social well being,
b. Production increases with the increase in efficiency and number of working days.
c. Natural resources can be utilized properly,
d. Medical expense can be reduced, thereby reducing the government’s expenditure
e. Economic development is possible through increase in production.

Question 14.
‘Word Wheel’

Answer:

• Cleanliness
• Preventive measures
• Medical facilities
• Ensuring of leisure and environment
• Availability of clean water
• Healthy environment.

Question 15.
Fill the gaps by writing the names of institutions that work at different levels in the Medical Sector.

Answer:

• District Hospitals
• Community Health centers
• Primary Health Centers
• Health Sub Centers.

Question 16.
Complete the table.

Answer:

Question 17.
Fill the blank spaces.

Answer:
a. Life expectancy is the average number of years that a person lives
b. Female 67.7
c. Male 64.6
d. Total 66.1

Human Resource Development in India Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by‘Human Resources’?
Answer:
Human resources refers to the people who have the manpower which can be utilized in the production sector.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of ‘Human Resource Development’?
Answer:
Human resource development is the development of man’s physical and mental abilities through education, health care and training. There are different levels of human resource development.

Question 3.
Which are two features of population studies.
Answer:
Quantitative Features ( Size of population, Growth of population, Population structure). Qualitative features (Education, Health care)

Question 4.
List out the importance of population studies.
Answer:
Population studies help the government to quantitatively assess the different needs of the people and to plan activities and programmes accordingly.
They help that they offer are

• Informs the availability of human resource in a country.
• Depicts the extent of basic facilities required by the people.
• Quantifies the goods and services required.
• Determines the social economic development policies.

Question 5.
What is the difference between ‘density of population’ and ‘population growth’?
Answer:
Density of population refers to the number of people per square kilometer area. Population growth refers to the increase in the number of people in an area within a specific period of time. lt is indicated in terms of percentage and states the increase in a year as compared to the previous year.

Question 6.
What is the change in total population in the two contexts:
(a) Birth rate increases
(b) Birth rate decreases.
Answer:
a. If the birth rate increases and death rate decreases population increases,
b. If the birth rate decreases and death rate increases population declines.

Question 7.
One advantage of human resource development is ‘effective utilization of natural resources’, write any three other advantages.
Answer:
Productivity of the workers increases, Economic inequality is reduced, Entrepreneur-ship improves.

Question 8.
How do ‘education’ helps the development of a country?
Answer:

• Improves the skills of individuals
• Betters the technological know- how
• Helps to secure better job and income
• Improves the standard of living.

Question 9.
Prepare a write up on any one project undertaken by the Government which develops education and skills.
Answer:
National Skill Development and monetary Reward scheme: To improve the working skills of the youth, To ensure the availability of people with employable skills.

Question 10.
What is the importance of RTE?
Answer:
The constitution ensures the goal of elementary education for all.

Question 11.
‘Healthy persons can participate in the progress of a country?’ Justify the statement
Answer:
Production increases with the increase in efficiency and number of working days. Natural resources can be utilized properly. Medical expense can be reduced, thereby reducing the government’s expenditure. Economic development is possible through increase in population

Question 12.
Name the institutions which are providing quality health services in the Rural and urban areas.
Answer:

• National Rural Health Mission Rural areas.
• National Urban Health Mission Urban areas

Human Resource Development in India SCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is meant by human resource development?
Answer:
Development of physical and mental abilities of human beings through education, health care and training.

Question 2.
Different dimensions of human resource development is given below. Prepare a note on the facilities to improve them.
a. Family creates an environment for the development of the potential of the individuals.
b. Nation provide facilities for the people to develop their skills.
Answer:
a. Individuals take efforts to develop their own skills.
b. Various institutions and agencies provide facilities for education and training.

Question 3.
Which are the various factors included in the quantitative features of human resource?
Answer:

• Size of population
• Density of population
• Growth of population
• Structure of population

Question 4.
Complete the flowchart given below based on the quantitative factors of human resources.

Answer:
a. Population density
b. Age structure
c. Sex ratio
d. Labor force participation rate
e. Dependency ratio
f. Birth rate/death rate.

Question 5.
What is Census?
Answer:
Every country at specific intervals of time Collects information on the number of people, age, sex, social-economic status and analyses them. This is called Census.

Question 6.
Answer the following questions related to census in India.
a. How often is the census conducted in India?
b. When was the last census conducted?
Answer:
a. Once in ten years
b. 2011 March 1^st

Question 7.
Write down your inferences about the scope of population studies.
Answer:
Help the government to quantitatively assess the extent of different needs of the people and help to plan activities and programmes accordingly.

Question 8.
How do you think population study help the government? Justify your opinion.
Answer:

• To quantitatively assess the different needs of the people
• To plan activities and programmes
• To know the availability of human resource
• To improve basic facilities
• To quantify the goods and services required
• To determine social-economic policies (Consider similar answers also).

Question 9.
Countries that become successful in developing human resources has achieved greater high economic development. Evaluate with suitable examples.
Answer:
Countries can attain economic development through human resource development.
Eg: USA, Japan, China.

Question 10.
How does density of population affect the availability of man power?
Answer:

• Human resource availability is more in areas of high density of population.
• Human resource availability is less in areas of less population density.

Question 11.
Which date is observed as World Population Day? Write any one programme you are planning to implement in your school on that day.
Answer:

• July -11
• Seminar on population growth – Awareness classes (any one such programme)

Question 12.
Table showing the population growth rate in India is given below. With the help of the table answer the questions.

a Which year has decrease in population growth rate?
b. Which years have increase in population growth rate?
c. What might be the reasons for this?
Answer:
a. 1951
b. 1971,1981
c. Changes in the birth rate and death rate and migration

Question 13.
What changes do birth rate, death rate and migration make. Explain.
Answer:

• Increase in birth rate – Results in the in-crease in population decrease in death rate
• Decrease in birth rate – Results in the decrease in population increase in death rate
• Birth rate and death rate equal – No change in population
• Migration – Population of a region increases Population decreases at another place

Question 14.
What is labour force participation rate and dependency rate?
Answer:

• Labour force participation rate – Ratio of the population in the age group of 15 – 59, who are either employed or actively looking for jobs
• Dependency ratio – The number of people in the age group 0-14 and 60 above and their proportion to the population.

Question 15.
When the age structure is examined the need for proper utilization of human resource will be understood. Write your response to this statement.
Answer:
Many people in the age group 15-59 years do not have job. This points to the necessity of utilizing the human resources aptly.

Question 16.
In your opinion, what are the advantages in developing human resource?
Answer:

• Productivity increases
• Economic inequality is reduced
• Natural resources, can be utilized effectively.
• Entrepreneurship improves
• Social welfare is ensured (Consider similar answers also).

Question 17.
Complete the word web.

Answer:
a. Economic inequality is reduced
b. Natural resources is utilized effectively
c. Entrepreneurship improves

Question 18.
People with labor potential is the strength of a nation. Which are the qualitative fac¬tors that improve labour potential?
Answer:

• Education
• Improving the skills of the individuals
• Imparting the technological know-how
• Improve labor skills
• Health care (any four)

Question 19.
How does human resource development help economic development? Prepare a short note.
Answer:

• For the economic development of a nation, various resources are to be utilized properly.
• Like natural resources, human resources are also important.
• When the natural resources are combined with human efforts, there is an increase in production leading to economic development.
• Therefore availability and quality of the human resource is to be ensured for the economic development.

Question 20.
Fill in the missing portion of the flowchart showing human resource development through education.


Answer:
a. Improves the skills of individuals
b. Helps to secure better job and income
c. Improves the standard of living

Question 21.
When was the Ministry of Human Resource Development formed? What is its main responsibility?
Answer:

• The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) was formed in 1985.
• To plan and implement the activities necessary for human resource development.

Question 22.
Some of the programmes implemented in, India to develop education and skills are given below. Write down their objectives.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Rashtriya Uchthal Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
Answer:
SSA:

• To ensure primary education to all
• To improve.educational facilities

RUSA:

• To increase access to higher education
• To improve the quality of higher education

Question 23.
Which programme is implemented in our country to ensure access to Secondary edu-cation to all and to improve educational facilities?
Answer:
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)

Question 24.
From Suitable Pairs.
Goals:
a. To ensure integrated development of children up to 6 years
b. To ensure primary education to all.
c. To improve the working skills of the youth.
d. To ensure assess to secondary education
Projects:
i. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
ii. Integrated Child Development,
iii. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
iv. National Skill Development and Monetary Reward Scheme
Answer:
a – ii,
b- iii,
c – iv,
d – i

Question 25.
“Problems still exist in the education sector.” Write your response to this statement.
Answer:

• Certain sections drop out from schools without completing primary education.
• There is lack of availability of basic facilities in the education sector.
• Quality of education has yet to be improved

Question 26.
Prepare a short note on the educational facilities in India.
Answer:

• To improve education and skills, government has implemented the following projects.

ICDS, SSA, RMSA, RUSA
National Skill Development and Monetary Reward Scheme.

• To provide education, there are institutions at various levels in the country.
• Our country has made education fundamental right and has passed the Right to Education Act (RTE) in 2009.

Question 27.
How does healthy individuals become the backbone of development of a nation?
Answer:

• Healthy individuals work for the economic development of the nation.
• Healthy individuals participate in the development process of the country.
• Increase in the number of working days.
• Proper utilization of natural resources.
• Medical expenses can be reduced there by reducing the government expenditure.
• Economic development is possible through increase in production.

Question 28.
Prepare a list of facilities to be ensured for health care.
Answer:

• Availability of nutritious food
• Availability of clean water
• Maintenance of cleanliness
• Medical facilities

Question 29.
Critically evaluate the work of the institutions that are engaged in health sector for preventive measures and treatment
Answer:

• Multi specialty hospitals
• Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Sidha, Homeopathy
• National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
• National Urban Health Mission (NUHM)

Question 30.
Prepare a paper on ‘The role of education and health care in human resource development’
Answer:
Education:

• Improves the skills of the individuals
• Improves the technological know-how
• Helps to secure better job and income
• Projects implemented to develop educa tion and skills, Integrated Child Deve-lopment Scheme (ICDS), Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Siksha Abhiyan (RMSA), Rashtriya Utchal Siksha Abhiyan (RUSA), Right To Education Act.

Health:

• Increase in the number of working days
• Proper utilization of natural resources
• Less medical expenses
• Increase in production
• Hospital functioning at different levels
• National Rural Health Mission (NHRM)
• National Urban Health Mission (NURM)

Question 31.
Evaluate how education is helpful for the development of a nation?
Answer:

• Improves the capacity of the people. to-population.
• Access to the technological know – how
• Helps to secure better job and income

Question 32.
‘Many problems still remains unresolved in the health sector’. Write your response to this statement.
Answer:

• Lack of health care facilities in the rural areas.
• Lack of health care facilities in proportion to population.
• Increasing medical expense in the public sector.

Question 33.
Write any two activities you recommend to improve the standard of education in the schools.
Answer:

• Continuous evaluation to be made effective
• Prevent drop outs (Similar answers also can be considered).

Human Resource Development in India Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which day has been declared as the World Population Day ?
Answer:
July 1 1

Question 2.
What is the population of India according to 2011 census ?
Answer:
121.02 crore

Question 3.
is the settlement of people of one region in another region.
Answer:
Migration

Question 4.
Human resource consists of mainly two aspects. What are they ?
Answer:
Quantitative and Qualitative aspects

Question 5.
W’hat is human Resource ?
Answer:
Human resource refers to people who have the manpower which can be utilized in the production sector.

Question 6.
What are the advantages behind the development of human resource ?
Answer:
Increase in production and progress of a country can be accelerated.

Question 7.
What is human resource development?
Answer:
Development of human beings physical and mental abilities through education, healthcare and training.

Question 8.
Complete the flow chart.

Answer:

Question 9.
What is meant by size of population?
Answer:
Total number of people residing in a country at a particular time.

Question 10.
Define the term “Demography”
Answer:
The branch of social science that analyses the population, the changes in its size, its structural aspects etc is known as demography.

Question 11.
What is population census ? In India who is collecting or organizing the population census ?
Answer:
Every country collects information on the number of people in the country, their age, sex, social economic status etc and analysed for a specific intervals of time. In India census activities are spearheaded by the Office of the Population Registrar General and Census Commissioner. In India census is carried out every ten years.

Question 12.
Why are population studies conducted ?
Answer:

• Population studies help the govt to quantitatively assess the different needs of the people and to plan activities and programmes accordingly.
• Informs the availability of human resources in accounting.
• Depicts the extent of basic facilities required by the people.
• Determines social- economic development policies.
• Qualities the goods and services required
• To evaluate standard of living.
• To understand various problems caused by growth of population.
• To build healthy society and environment

Question 13.
On which date world population day is celebrate why this particular date is selected for world population day?
Answer:
July 11^th, this day was selected because the world population reached 500 crore on July 11^th, 1987.

Question 14.
What does Density of population indicates?
Answer:
The number of people living per square kilometer area.

Question 15.
What is meant by population growth rate?
Answer:
It refers the increase in the number of people in an area within a specified period of time.

Question 16.
Examine the table given below and answer the following questions.
Answer:

Question 17.
What are the factors that affect the population of a country?
Answer:
The birth rate, The death rate and Migration.

Question 18.
Distinguish between Birth rate and Death rate.
Answer:
Birth rate is the number of live births per 1000. Death rate is the number of deaths per 1000.

Question 19.
What is migration ?
Answer:
Migration is the settlement of people of a region to another region.

Question 20.
What is age structure ?
Answer:
This is the classification of population into different age groups and presenting the ratio of each group in the population.

Question 21.
How is the population of a country divided on the basis of age? Explain.
Answer:
Classification is done in age group like 0-14 years, 15-59 years and 60 and above years. Labour force participation rate is the ratio of the population in the age group 15- 59, who are either employed or actively looking for jobs. This age group has a capability to con-tribute to the progress of the nation. The age group 0-14 years and 60 years and above are included in the dependent group.

Question 22.
What is labor force participation rate ?
Answer:
Labor force participation rate is the ratio of the population in the age group 15-59, who are either employed or actively looking for jobs.

Question 23.
a. Define dependency rate. Who are all included in dependency rate ?
b. What are the qualitative factors that improve the labor potential ?
Answer:
a. Labor force participation rate proportion in total population is known as dependency rate. The age group 0-14 years and 60 years and above are included in this.

b. Education, healthcare, training, social capital

Question 24.
Define sex ratio ?
Answer:
Sex ratio is the number of females per 1000, males.

Question 25.
Write some advantages in developing human resource.
Answer:
Human resource developing leads to

• Increase in the productivity of the workers
• Economic inequality reduced
• Natural resource utilized effectively
• Social welfare is ensured
• Makers possible the development and use of advanced technology.

Question 26.
How education helps in the development of a country? Present this through a flow chart?
Education
↓
Improves the skills of individuals
↓
Betters the technological know-how
↓
Helps to secure better job and income
↓
Improves the standard of living

Question 27.
What is meant by literacy rate ?
Answer:
It is the percentage of population that can read and write with comprehension.

Question 28.
Write a short note on RTE Act ?
Answer:
Our country has made education a fundamental right and has passed the Right To Education Act (RTE Act) in 2009. The constitution ensures the goal of elementary education for all through RTE.

Question 29.
What are the problems that exist in educational sector ?
Answer:

• Certain sectors drop out from schools without completing primary education.
• There is a lack of availability of basis facilities in the education sector.
• Quality of education has to be improved.

Question 30.
a. What is health?
b. What is life expectancy ?
c. What are different systems of medicine?
Answer:
a. According to WHO, health is a state of physical, mental and social well being.
b. Average number of years that a person lives.
c. Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Sidha, Allopathy and Homeopathy (AYUSH).

Question 31.
How can a healthy person participate in the progress of a country ?
Answer:
Production increases with the increase in efficiency and the number of working days. Natural resource can be utilised properly. Medical expense can be reduced, thereby reducing the govt expenditure. Economic development is possible through increase in production.

Question 32.
List various types of facilities to be ensured for health care.
Answer:

• Availability of nutritious food
• Availability of clean water
• Preventive measures
• Cleanliness
• Medical facilities
• Ensuring of leisure and entertainment
• Healthy environment.

Question 33.
Write some of the institution,Working at different levels in the medical sector.
Answer:
Medical colleges, District hospitals, Community health center, Primary health centers and Health sub centers.

Question 34.
What is the main aim of National Urban Health Mission ?
Answer:
To provide improved health service to the residents of urban slums and other marginalized people in towns with a population of more than 50,000.

Question 35.
List the existing problems in the health sector.
Answer:

• Limited social intervention
• Poor quality
• Low priority to public sector
• Less opportunity for the poor
• Less access to medical facilities
• Neglect of the rural sector
• Difficulty to control epidemics
• Lack of sufficient nutritious food
• Insufficient preventive healthcare
• Unsolved pollution problems
• Increasing cost of treatment

Question 36.
What are the different levels of human re-source development.
Answer:

• Individuals take efforts to develop their own skills.
• Family creates an environment for the development of the potential of individuals.
• Various institutions and agencies provide facilities for education and training.
• Nation provides the necessary facilities for its people to develop their skills.

You can Download India after Independence Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 7 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 7 India after Independence Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 7 Notes

Independent India took its birth by facing many challenges. India’s partition and the subsequent communal riots and refugee problems were the most disastrous problems. The integration of around 600 princely states and the reorganization of states were other problems faced by independent India. In order to become a federal state, India had to settle these problems in an urgent manner peaceful and tactical settlement of these problems helped India for its later development.

India After Independence Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Discuss the circumstances. that led to the flow of refugees in independent India.
Answer:
Followed by the division of nation there was flow of refugees from India to Pakistan and from Pakistan to India. Along with this, there were religious conflicts in many places. As the conflicts intensified many people left the place and became refugees. There were around 10 million refugees traveled by walk, bullock carts, and train. This issue of refugees was effectively solved by the new administration in the independent India.

India After Independence Notes Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
Discuss the role of the Constitution in protecting India’s democracy.
Answer:
Our Constitution came into effect on 26th January 1950. Thus India becomes a republic on that day. As per the Constitution, the first general election in the country took place in 1951-52. The independent and impartial election was a great success of Indian democracy even though several Asian and African countries, attained independence along with India deviated from the democratic values. India still remains to be a strong democratic country. This is just because our Constitution is
simply the custodian of our democracy.

India After Independence Class 10 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Why language considered as criteria formation of states?
Answer:
After the integration of kingly states, the next major issue faced by India was the formation of states. There were demands and agitations from various parts of the country for language-based state formulation. Potti Sreeramulu undertook a hunger strike demanding the formation of Andhra Pradesh for the Telugu speaking population. He lost his life in the process. Finally, Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1953.

This intensified the demand for language-based state formation. Government then constituted state reorganization commission under the chairmanship of Fassal Ali. On the basis of the report of this commission, State Reorganization Act was passed in 1956. As per this Act, 14 states and 6 union territories came into existence. Independent India achieved progress in many fields. By adopting a mixed economic system and introducing five year plans India strengthened its basic sectors. India achieved tremendous progress in agricultural and industrial fields. In the field of science also India had enviable growth. By reading the importance of national education in the progress of a nation, the rulers of India implemented innovative reforms in education. ‘

Post Independent India 10th Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Conduct a discussion on the economic development of independent India.
Answer:
India followed a mixed economic system comprising the features of socialism and capitalism. As part of economic planning, India started five-year plans. This helped the development of agricultural and industrial sectors as well as eradication of poverty. Education scenario also developed. With the foreign aid, iron and steel industries were set up in different places. Heavy irrigation projects and dams played significant role in India’s economic advancement. Dams contributed water for irrigation and energy production for industry was made easier. With the development of irrigation facilities, agricultural production in the country increased.

Kerala Sslc Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 5.
Point out the peculiarities of independent India’s economic development.
Answer:

• Mixed economy
• Planned economy
• Five-year plans
• Foreign aided iron and steel industries
• Heavy and large dams
• Increased agricultural production.

Post Independent India Class 10 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Prepare a picture album based on Indian achievements in space research.
Answer:

Education In India After Independence Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
How did the achievements in scientific field help India’s development?
Answer:
Independent India achieved remarkable progress on science and technology fields. Science and technology has very significant role in India’s agricultural as well as industrial developments. Several research institutions and five Indian Institution of technologies were set up in India soon after independence. India also gained rapid progress in medical education, biomedical engineering, nuclear science, biotechnology, health, transportation, oceanic research information technology, space research, etc. All these developments lead to overall development of the country.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Evaluate the achievements of independent India in the education sector.
Answer:
Independent India tried to develop an indigenous education policy government-appointed different commission at different times to study our education system and make recommendation. Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission, Dr. Lakshmana Swami Muthaliar Commission, Dr. D. S. Kothari Commission, etc., were important among them. A natural Education Policy was formulated in 1986 with aim of leading the country to 21^st century. In 2009, the Government of India passed an Act making education a fundamental right. Similar schemes for education development include SSA, RMSA, etc.

After attaining freedom from a colonial hegemony. India formed an anti-imperialist movement called the Non-Aligned movement by joining hands with those who had such experience like India. The policy of non-alignment was the watchword of India’s foreign policy designed by Jawaharlal Nehru. Independent India adopted a foreign policy which was anti-imperial, anticolonial and giving emphasis to Panchsheel. Its ultimate aim was world peace.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 9.
How far the values of nationalist movements reflected in India’s foreign policy? Examine, IP Independent India accepted the policy formulated by Indian National Congress during the period of freedom struggle. Jawaharlal Nehru was the chief architect of the policy. Given below are the important principles of India’s foreign policy.

• DB agreement towards colonialism.
• Belief in united nations organization
• Peaceful co-existence
• Panchsheel principles
• Emphasis on the foreign aid
• Non-alignment

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 10.
Examine the present foreign policy of India and discuss whether there in any change in its basic principles.
Answer:
Disintegration of Soviet Union, End of Cold War, New Economic Policy, Unipolar world under USA, etc. made changes in India’s foreign policy.

Sslc Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Pdf 2021 Kerala Syllabus Question 11.
What were the important challenges India had to face at the time of independence?
Answer:
India had to face several challenges at the time of independence. Important among them were:

• Religious riots and problems of refugees
• Unification of kingly states
• Rearrangement of states on the basis of language
• Formation of democratic system
• Economic growth.

Sslc History Notes Malayalam Medium Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
Prepare a note on the integration of princely states.
Answer:
This was the most crucial issue faced by independent India. In union cabinet, Sardar Vallabhbhai Pate! was in charge of the portfolio relating to states. Patel and V.P. Menon prepared an instrument of accession. Due to agitation of people and practical approach of the government, majority of princely states signed this agreement and joined in Indian Union. However Hyderabad, Kashmir and Junagad refused to join in Indian union. Later by some compromise and military reorganization of states.

Hss Live Guru 10th History Kerala Syllabus  Question 13.
Prepare a note on the formation of Indian Constitution.
Answer:
Even before the attainment of independence, the Cabinet Mission had recommended of a constituent assembly. In 1976, a constituent assembly was constituted as Dr. Rajendra Prasad as its chairman. A Drafting Committee was appointed to write down the Constitution under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Finally, after long series of discussions and debates, the Constitution was formed. On 26th January 1950 independent India’s Constitution came into existence and India became a republic.

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus  Question 14.
Explain the progress in space research of India after independence.
Answer:

• Indian National Committee for Space Research was set up — 1962.
• Space Science and Technology Centre — Thumba
• First Indian Satellite — Aryabhata — 1975
• National Remote Sensing Agency
• Physical Research Laboratory
• Missile Technology
• India’s First Moon Mission — Chandrayaan — 2008
• Mars Mission — Mangalyaan

Social Science Sslc Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 15.
Explain the features of National Policy on Education 1986.
Answer:

• The National Education Policy of 1986 was formulated with the objective of leading India to new millennium major recommendations of the policy include:
• Give priority to primary education and higher education
• Implement operation blackboard schemes in order to make primary education universal and enhance physical facilities of schools.
• Establish Navodaya Schools in each district.
• Encourage education of girl.

Question 16.
Prepare a table showing the cultural institutions of independent India.
Answer:

Question 17.
Point out the Principles of India’s Foreign Policy.
Answer:

• Belief in United Nations Organization
• Peaceful co-existence
• Panchsheel principles
• Emphasis on the foreign aid
• Non-alignment

Question 18.
Why was conflicts intensified in Calcutta, Bihar, Navokali, Delhi, Punjab, and Kashmir at the time of partition of India?
Answer:
These places formed the boundary of India in the East and West. Since these places shared boundary with Pakistan, conflicts intensified there.

Question 19.
‘Even after independence, there was foreign aggression in India’. Substantiate.
Answer:
European countries like fame and Portuguese has their colonial sports in India even after India’s independence. These places became independent by forceful military actions. Given below the details.

Question 20.

Answer:

Question 21.
List the iron and steel industries started in India with foreign aid. Name the countries helped in their set up.
Answer:
Bhilai — Soviet Union
Bokaro — Soviet Union
Rourkela — Germany
Durgapur — Britain

Question 22.
What was the visible change in Indian economy since 1990’s?
Answer:
Instead of public sector, private sector gained priority.

Question 23.
List the following chronological order.
1. India became Republic
2. Cabinet Mission
3. Panchsheel Principles
4. Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission.
Answer:
1. Cabinet Mission
2. Dr. Radhakrishnan Commission
3. India became Republic
4. Panchsheel Principles

Question 24.
Prepare a table showing important education com-missions of Independent India, their objectives and recommendations.
Answer:

Question 25.
Explain Panchsheel Principles.
Answer:
Panchsheel agreement was signed between India and China in 1954. The principles are

1. Mutual respect of each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty
2. Mutual non-aggression
3. Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs
4. Equality and mutual
5. Peaceful co-existence

Question 26.
Match the following tables suitably

Answer:

Question 27.
Name the first Indian state formed on the basis of language.
Answer:
Andhra Pradesh.

Let Us Assess

Question 28.  (Qn. Pool-2017)
What were the major problems faced by India? When she got independence?
Answer:
Partition, influx of refugees, communal riots, integration of princely states, reorganization of states.

Question 29. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a short note on the integration of princely states into Indian Union.
Answer:

• There were around six hundred princely states in pre-independent India.
• The princely states were given the option to join any union.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the Union Minister for the Department of States.
• V.P. Menon was the Secretary of the Department of States.
• Patel and V.P. Menon prepared an Instrument of Accession.
• Princely states had to hand over their control over defence, information, and communication, external affairs to the Government of India.
• All princely states except Junagarh, Hyderabad, Kashmir joined in the Indian Union.
• Later on these states were integrated into the Indian union through conciliation talks and military interventions under the initiative of Patel and V.P. Menon led the process.

Question 30.
Examine the circumstances that led to linguistic-based state formation.
Answer:
After the integration of kingly states, the next major issue faced by India was the formation of states. There were demands and agitations from various parts of the country for language-based state formulation. Potti Sreeramulu undertook a hunger strike demanding the formation of Andhra Pradesh for the Telugu speaking population. He lost his life in the process. Finally, Andhra Pradesh was formed in 1953.

This intensified the demand for language-based state formation. Government then constituted state reorganization commission under the chairmanship of Faisal AN. On the basis of the report of this commission, State Reorganization Act was passed in 1956. As per this Act, 14 states and 6 union territories came into existence.

Question 31.
‘Independent India achieved remarkable progress in science and technology’. Examine this statement.
Answer:
The following flow chart depicts the achievements * India attained during the period after independence

Question 32.
Write a note on the formation of Indian Constitution?
Answer:

• ln 1946 the Cabinet Mission proposed to form a Constituent Assembly.
• Dr. Rajendraprasad was appointed as the Chairman of Constituent Assembly.
• Appointed a drafting committee with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as Chairman.
• The Constitution came into effect on 26th January 1950.

Question 33 (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the advancement in space research in independent India.
Answer:

• Thumba rocket launching station.
• Indian National Committee for Space Research.
• Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969.
• The launching of the satellite Aryabhatta in 1975.
• Chandrayaan-2006

Question 34. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain the features of the National Policy on Education 1986.
Answer:

• Focus on primary and continuing education.
• Universalise primary education
• Starting Navodaya Vidyalayas in every district.
• Encouraging girl’s education.

Question 35. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Make a list of the fundamental principles of India’s foreign policy.
Answer:

• Panchsheel Principles
• Non-alignment
• Anti-racist
• Emphasis on the necessity for foreign aid

India after Independence Model Questions

Question 36. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Which was the provision incorporated in the Instrument of Accession concerning the princely states?
Answer:
The princely states had to hand over their control over defence, external affairs, and information and communications to the Government of India.

Question 37. (Qn. Pool-2017)
List out the territories that were acceded to the Indian union through military operations and popular protests?
Answer:
A. Popular Protests-Pondicherry, Karakkal
B. Military operations-Goa, Daman,
Mahe, Yanam – French settlements
Diu – Portughese settlements

Question 38. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Examine the circumstances that led to the formation of the first unilingual state of Andhra Pradesh.
Answer:
After independence there emerged demand for linguistic reorganization of states. In 1953 Potti Sreeramulu started fast for the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speaking people. He died in 1953. It was followed by strong protest demanding formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Thus in 1953 the first unilingual
state of India, Andhra Pradesh was formed.

Question 39. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Who were the members of the commission to reorganize Indian states?
Answer:
Fazl Ali, Hrudaya Nath Kunzru, K.M. Panikkar.

Question 40. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What is meant by mixed economy?
Answer:
Mixed economy is a combination of both socialist and capitalist economic systems.

Question 41. (Qn. Pool-2017)
How did the five-year plans help the economic growth of India?
Answer:

• Agriculture and industrial sectors flourished.
• Eradication of poverty.
• Improvement in education sector.
• Formation of iron and steel industrial firms.
• Major dams.

Question 42. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the foreign countries that assisted the settings up of following iron and steel industrial firms in India. (Bhilai, Bokaro, Rourkela, Durgapur)
Answer:

• Bhilai — Soviet Union
• Rourkela — Germany
• Durgapur — Britain
• Bokaro — Soviet Union

Question 43. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Name the two agencies that develop satellites in India.
Answer:

• National Remote Sensing Agency
• Physical Research Laboratory.

Question 44. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Explain any two cultural institutions in India and their activities that aim for cultural development.
Answer:

• Sangeet Natak Akademi, Aimed at the promotion of Drama and Music,
• Lalit Kala Akademy – Promotion of Indian arts in India and abroad.
• Sahitya Akademy – Promotion of Literature in Indian languages.
• National School of Drama – Promotion of Drama, works under Sangit Natak Akademy.
• National Book Trust of India – To make books available cost-effectively. To promote Indian books in India and abroad.

Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. Chandrayaan Mission
2. Formation of the ISRO
3. Launching of Aryabhatta
4. Formation of National Committee for Space Research.
Answer:

1. Formation of National Committee for Space Research.
2. Formation of the ISRO
3. Launching of Aryabhatta.
4. Chanrdrayaan Mission.

Question 46. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What was the aim of the Operation Blackboard Programme?
Answer:

• Universalise primary education
• Improve primary facilities in schools.

Question 47. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Which education commission recommended to establish 10 + 2 + 3 pattern of education?
Answer:
Kothari Commission

Question 48. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Make a list of the fundamental principles of India’s foreign policy.
Answer:

• Panchsheel Principles
• Non-alignment
• Anti-racist
• Emphasis on the necessity for foreign aid

Question 49. (Qn. Pool- 2017)
The Panchsheel Principles are the agreement signed by India and China in 1954.
What are its provisions?
Answer:

• Mutual respect for each, other territorial integrity and sovereignty
• Mutual non-aggression
• Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs.
• Equality and cooperation for mutual benefit.
• Peaceful co-existence

Question 50. (Qn. Pool-2017)
‘Panchsheel Principles are provisions of mutual agreement.’ Substantiate.
Answer:

• This agreement was signed between India and China.
• This agreement was signed for maintaining mutual relationship.
• Mutual non-aggression.
• Other provisions being the mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
• Each of the provisions of the agreement aimed for mutual relationships.

Question 51. (Qn. Pool-2017)
How did the construction of dams help in the economic modernization of India?
Answer:

• Availability of water for agriculture.
• Availability of electricity for industries
• Increased agricultural production.

Question 52. (Qn. Pool-2017)
How did the five-year plans that started in 1951 help to the developmental process of India?
Answer:

• Flourished agriculture and industrial sectors progress in poverty alleviation, energy production, and education.
• Recent development in these fields may be mentioned.

Question 53. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The process of attainment of India’s freedom completed in 1961. How much is the statement valid?
Answer:
In 1947 Britain gave freedom to India. But regions like Goa, Daman and Diu were under Portuguese control while Pondicherry, Mahe, Yaman, and Karaikal were under French domination. In 1954 the French settlements were liberated while the Portuguese settlements were liberated in 1961. That is why it is said that India got complete independence in 1961.

Question 54. (Qn. Pool-2017)
What was the circumstances that forced the central government to form Andhra Pradesh State on Linguistic base?
Answer:
Satyagraha of freedom fighter Potti Sreeramulu and its effects.
Hunger strike which led later to the death of the freedom fighter Potti Sreeramulu.

Question 55. (Qn. Pool-2017)
The major events in post-independent India are given below. Arrange them in chronological order.
1. India became Republic
2. Formation of the States, Reorganisation Commission.
3. The French settlements were acceded to the Indian Union.
4. The Portuguese quit India
5. First General Election in free India
Answer:

1. India became a Republic
2. First General Election in Free India
3. Formation of the States, Reorganisation Commission.
4. The French settlements were acceded to the Indian Union.
5. The Portuguese quit India.

Question 56. (Orukkam 2017)
List the major challenges of post-independent India.
1. Flow of Refugees
2. …………..
Answer:

1. Flow of Refugees
2. Communal riots
3. States’reorganisation
4. Partition
5. Integration of princely states.

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Kerala State Syllabus Class 10th Standard Social Science History Chapter 7 Notes Malayalam Medium സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തിനു ശേഷം ഇന്ത്യ

India after Independence Textbook Questions and Answers in Malayalam

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 1 Chapter 2 World in the Twentieth Century Questions and Answers

SSLC History Chapter 2 Notes

World In The Twentieth Century Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
How did Industrial Revolution cause colonization? Prepare a flow chart and explain.
Answer:

Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
How does imperialism differ from colonization?
Answer:
Colonization:
Colonial countries considered the colonies as the source of raw materials and the market for their industrial products.

Imperialism:
The distinctive phase of flow of finance capital to colonies is known as imperialism. Imposing a nation’s political, economic and cultural dominance on other nation is a fundamental feature of imperial.

History Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
How did Industrial Revolution cause conflicts among nations?
Answer:
Industrial Revolution resulted in the increase of capital and that was to be invested in for eign trades. These resulted in financial ex-exploitation and competition among the nations and as a result the strong and powerful ones began to divide Africa. This competition for the markets, raw materials and the colonies went on in the last phase of 19th and in the 20th century. All the imperialist nations too joined in this competition that resulted in the outbreak of wars.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 4.
How did the competitions among the imperialist nations lead the world to a war? Discuss.
Answer:
Imperialist rivalry drove the European countries into several crisis among which the Moroccan crisis and Balkan crisis were considered to be important. When Austria laid its claim over the Balkan region with the support of Germany, Serbia claimed this region with the support.of Russia.

During this time, a Serbian youth GaveriloPrinsep, assassinated Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of Austria at the Bosnian capital Sarajevo in July 1914. Austria held Serbia responsible for it and declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914. The allied nations rushed to help their allies. Almost all the nations of the world directly or indirectly were involved in it. Therefore this war is known as the First World War.

Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
The Treaty of Versailles was an example of the vengeance against the defeated nations. Discuss.
Answer:
A peace conference was convened at Paris in 1919 to discuss post war situation under the leadership of the winning allies, Britain and France. They signed different treaties with the defeated nations. The treaty of Versailles, the important one was signed with Germany in 1919.

German colonies were divided among the victorious powers and Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war intensity. Germany had to accept the whole. Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey also signed treaties. Treaty of Versailles stood only for the interests of winning allies.

Hsslive Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Find out how the economic depression in the USA affected the economy of other nations and prepare a short note.
Answer:
After losing in the war, the European nations managed to get loans from the U.S.A. The economic crisis began in USA in 1929. American dollar over took British pound on the basis of foreign exchange holding. The loans given for Germany could not be refunded as the banks collapsed.

Inflation became uncontrollable. Unemployment and poverty increased. Goods were kept unsold in factories. To overcome the crisis, European nations imposed heavy taxes on the colonies. The economic depression in the USA affected other nations.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 7.
“ Fascism was a product of the First World War”. Discuss.
Answer:
The European nations resorted to various strategies to succeed in their imperialistic competitions. Aggressive nationalism was one among them. The European nations used aggressive nationalism to invade other countries. Aggressive nationalists considered their own nations as the supreme and justified whatever be the actions of their nations. Various movements in Europe were an offshoot of aggressive nationalism.

The First World War devastated both the allies. Many European governments lost their power. People were in misery. Unemployment, poverty and inflation gnawed their entire system. Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany rose to power, capitalizing on the political and economic chaos prevailing then. Economic destruction, rivalry against the victors, aimlessness etc. facilitated these forces to grab power.

Hss Live Class 10 Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
The ideologies put forth by both Fascists and Nazis had several similarities. Find some examples from the textbook and complete the table.
Answer:

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Notes Question 9.
How did Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Ger-many defy world peace? Conduct a seminar on this topic.
Answer:
The First World War devastated both the allies. Many European governments lost their power. People were in misery. Unemployment, poverty and inflation gnawed their entire system. Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany rose to power, capitalizing on the political and economic destruction, rivalry against the victors, aimlessness etc. facilitated these forces to grab power.

Fascism and Nazism were geared for war and expansion. Both regimes started from a vision of a world of narrowing opportunities in which nations and races had to struggle, expand, or die. Nazism was the German version of fascism Hitler adopted and aggressive foreign policy and attacked Austria and Czechoslovakia. Alliances with Italy and Japan was formed, our countries opposed this which led to the Second world war.

Social Science Class 10 Kerala Syllabus Question 10.
The reasons behind the outbreak of First World War and Second World War had several similarities’. Analyze the statement.
Answer:

10th Social Science Notes Pdf State Syllabus Question 11.
Given below are some of the outcomes of the First World War. Discuss how they resulted in the Second World War.

a. The Treaty of Versailles
b. Formation of the League of Nations
c. The emergence of Fascism and Nazism

Answer:
The Treaty of Versailles:
According to the Peace of Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, German colonies were divided among the victorious powers.Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. She was disarmed.

Formation of the league of nations:
To bring about peace in the world, the league of nations was formed. But if failed to maintain world peace.

Emergence of Fascism and Nazism:
Based on extreme nationalism Fascism (Italy) and Nazism (Germany) rose to power. By fol-lowing aggressive foreign policy, these two nations began to conquer other nations, they prepared the ground for the second World War.

Hss Live Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
War affects both innocents and culprits. Prepare a note on the lessons that we can imbibe from the First and Second World Wars.
Answer:
Many lost their lives in 1st world war. They suffered from poverty and unemployment. The culture and development was lost in IInd world war. The dangers of nuclear explosion in Hiroshima and Nagazaki are still continuing. Every nation has developed in the field of science and technology. If a world war hap pens again the new weapons would bring an end to the whole mankind. So, let us dream for a world wide peace.

Hsslive Guru Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 13.
Prepare a magazine on the liberated nations and their leaders in Asia and Africa.
Answer:
India:
India contributed for the freedom movements in Asian countries. Indian become aware of the religious, education, social reformation and connection with western nations in 19th century. India was saved from British under the leadership of Gandhiji. On 15 August 1947 India and Pakistan became independent.

Burma:
Burma was under British rule till Japan surrendered in the second world war. When Japan lost in the war, British tried to capture Burma, but they protested under the leadership of OngSan. Burma became free in 1948.

10th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
It was the conflicting ideologies that led to ‘Cold war’? Evaluate.
Answer:
The USA and the USSR that formed antifascist alliance during the Second World War parted from each other after the war. The USA floated a new alliance of capitalist countries while the USSR led socialist nations. These two blocs capitalist bloc and socialist bloc that represented contradictory ideas continued their political and diplomatic wars. This enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic confrontations was called the cold war.

Social 10th Class Notes State Syllabus Question 15.
How did decolonization and cold war lead to the formation of Non-Aligned Movement?
Answer:
America and Soviet Union which were united leaving Fascism during the second world war were again separated after the war. America became the new economic nation and led capitalists. Soviet Union formed socioeconomic growth of the nations.

A result of cold war was the differences in the ideologies and diplomatic confrontation of two regions which were enemies. They planned to help their own regions. When the whole world decided to be a part of any powerful region the countries in Asia arid Africa stayed free. They were called third world nations. They feared that the powerful regions may lead for threats and use of dangerous weapons may lead for a 3rd world war. Gradually non-alignment was formed.

Question 16.
Examine how imperialist interests caused the unrest in West Asia.
Answer:
Until the First World War, the territory including Palestine was part of the Turkish Empire. As Turkey was defeated in the war, Britain took over the region. Since the Jews helped Britain in the war, then British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour declared the establishment of a Jewish nation in West Asia as a reward. It is known as Balfour Declaration.

Zionism is an international movement with an objective of the establishment of a homeland for the Jews. We have already discussed the assault and cruelty of Hitler towards the Jews. This intensified the demand for a separate Jewish state. In 1948, the nation Israel was formed. Consequently, many wars broke out between Israel and the Arab nations. Israel seized Palestine, expelling the Palestinians from their homeland.

The Palestinian refugees migrated to various Arab countries. In this context, with an objective of establishing a nation for the Palestinians, a movement called Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was founded with Yasser Arafat as the President. After a series of bloodshed’s and massacres, Israel agreed in principle to recognize Palestine as a free nation. This agreement mediated by the US is called the Oslo Pact (1993). But, the provisions in the pact are yet be implemented.

Question 17.
How does neo imperialism affect the economy of Third World countries?
Answer:
A new imperialistic view came out for serving the interests of capitalist countries. The MNCs competed with one another to control the resources and assets of 3rd world countries. They promoted consumerism. As a result, the farmers suffered and could not export their goods. They could not get even what they had spent. Unemployment and no wages brought the nation to disaster.

World in the Twentieth Century Let Us Assess

Question 1.
What is meant by imperialism?
Answer:
Using the political power and military forces European countries captured the colonies and considered it as the source of raw materials and market for their industrial products. Later on, the colonial masters started to invest capital in the colonies.

The distinctive phase of flow of finance capital to colonies is Imperialism. The fundamental feature of imperialism is to impose a nation’s political economic and cultural dominance over another ration. Colonialists imposed their dominance using legal system, administrative measures, military forces etc.

Question 2.
How does colonization differ from imperialism?
Answer:
In the 18th century, as a result of Industrial Revolution, the investment began to increase and many nations produced more than what they needed. It could not be accommodated in domestic markets. The trade relation was established with Asian, African and Latin American nations. The European countries economically exploited other from tries using political power and military forces.

The nations produced more than their need and it could not be accommodated in domestic markets. This resulted in competition among the European countries. The economical exploitation of European countries using political power and military forces among the nations later resulted in colonization.

They had considered the colonies as the source of raw materials and market for industrial products. The colonial masters began to invest capital in the colonies.

The phase of flow of finance capital to colonies is termed as imperialism. A nation imposing its political, economic and cultural dominance on another is a fundamental feature of Imperialism. This was done using legal system, administrative measures, military force etc.

Question 3.
“Paris Peace Conference led to the outbreak of the second world war”. Do you agree? Why?
Answer:
Indeed the statement is true. The winning allies of the first world war signed the Treaty of Versailles with Germany. According to the treaty, German colonies were divided among the Victorian powers and Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. Germany was disarmed.

The Germans were depressed and agitated. On account of the Treaty, Nazism under Hitler came into power succeeding in creating revenge and nationalism in Germany.

When Germany, Italy and Japan attacked nations, Britain and France did not protest. Socialist country Soviet Union, was their chief enemy. This encouraged fascists attack and was called the policy of Appeasement. Poland was attacked by Germany on 1 “ September 1939. Allied nations declared war on September 3 which resulted in the second world war.

Question 4.
What are the factor that led America into economic crisis?
Answer:
The world was thrown into economic crisis in 1929. Poverty increased among the majority. The production rate increased but goods were kept unsold. The fall in share market resulted in economic crisis. Banks collapsed in the years between 1929 and 1932. Farmers could not sell the products and lost the property.

Question 5.
List the features of fascism.
Answer:

• Antagonism to democracy
• Opposition to socialism
• Glorifying the nation
• Adoring the purity of peace
• Justification of war
• Diffusion of aggressive nationalism
• Deifying the past
• Indoctrination of ideologies through art, literature and education
• Military dictatorship
• Destruction of political rivals

Question 6.
Match column A with column B.

Answer:

a. ii,
b. i,
c. iv,
d. iii

Question 7.
Elucidate the political circumstances that led to Isreal-Palestine conflict.
Answer:
Palestine was a part of Turkey till the first world war. But when Turkey was captured, Palestine came under Britain. As the Jews helped Britain in the war, then the foreign secretary Arthur Balfour declared the establishment of Jewish nation in West Asia as a reward. This is Balfour declaration.

Zionism is an international movement with an objective of the establishment of a homeland for the Jews. The cruelty upd assault of Hitler towards Jews intensified the demand for a separate Jewish state. In 1948, Israel was formed. Many wars broke out between Israel and Arab nations. Israel seized Palestine and they were expelled from their homeland. The Palestinian refugees migrated to Arab countries.

PLO (Palestine Liberation Organisation) was formed to establish a nation for Palestinians. Yasar Arafat was the President. After a series of blood shed and massacres, Israel agreed to recognize Palestine as a free nation. This agreement was mediated by the U.S in Oslo Pact. But the provisions are yet to be implemented.

Question 8.
Examine the relevance of Non-Alignment.
Answer:
After the Second World War, Asian, African and Latin American countries became independent. They realized that cold war was another face of imperialism and a threat to world peace. The liberated nations decided not to join any of the blocs and formed Non-Aligned Movement.

They realized that weapons and strong military force would be a threat. Only a world without war or conflict would develop economically and socially. The idea of Non-Aligned Movement was formed in Bandung in Indonesia in 1955. The First Conference was held in Belgrade in 1961.

Question 9.
What are the changes that the disintegration of the Soviet Union brought to the world?
Answer:
The world faced a drastic change after the second world war. America to protect vested interests of imperialism and Soviet Union to protect socialistic ideas. Soviet Union could protect the world from American imperialism. Soviet Union was able to protect the interest of Egypt in the Suez Canal Crisis. Also, Soviet Union stood for justice in the Cuban Crisis and in the conflict on Kashmir between India and Pakistan.

But Soviet Union lost its power in the year 1991. Deviation from the basic principle of socialism and the external intervention as a part of globalization was the reason for the disintegration. The policies of Michael Gorbachev, the President, took Soviet Union to Imperialism.

World in the Twentieth Century Extended Activities

Question 1.
Prepare an essay on ‘the impact of multinational companies on our daily life.
Answer:
Have you ever thought on the influence of multinational companies in our daily life?
There are mainly 10 multinational companies in India. Microsoft tops the list. American company Microsoft was established in 1991. The second one is IBM which brought drastic changes in the field of Information Technology.

Nestle is another one, which has a prominent place in our day to day life. Maggi, Nestle Milk, Kitkat Bon Bons, Nestea, etc. are the products. It has the third place in MNCs. P&G, the fourth one is for vicks, Ariel, olay, Parrtene, Tide, etc. These products have more than 600 million world wide consumers.

Next is Coco cola:
Lays, Kurkure, Cheetos, 7up, Pepsi all these are unavoidable for us. It is made by Pepsi Co. It came in 1960 and is in the sixth place. Next is ctti group, a venture in the banking sector. It has many branches in India.

T.V, mobile phones, cameras, head phones, memory cards etc. are the products of Sony corporation.Online provides software services part of multinational products. Laptop, desktop, tablet, monitor, printers all belong to the same company.

Apple INC stays for online services and electronic gadgets, i-phones, i-pad, i-pod are its contributions. Majoriy of food products and other items are the contributions of MNCs. Thus the importance of these companies are relevant in our day to day life.

World in the Twentieth Century Orukkam Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the flow chart explaining the emergence of Imperialism. Industrial Revolution.

Answer:

a.Capitalism
b. Over Production
c. Expensive production
d. Export of Capital
e. Colonization.

Question 2.
Identify and write how Imperialism affected the Colonies.
Traditional economic system of the colonies was destroyed.
Answer:

• Traditional economic system of the colonies was destroyed.
• Administrative and judicial systems were replaced.
• Poverty and unemployment increased.
• Natural resources were widely exploited.
• People in colonies were forced to cultivate cash crops in lieu of traditional food crops.
• Indigenous arts, literature,language,culture and education system were destroyed.

Question 3.
List down the reasons for the first world war.
Imperialist competition for colonies
Answer:

• Aggressive Nationalism
• Assassination of Francis Ferdinand
• Signing of military alliances.

Question 4.
Complete the table.

Answer:

a. Austria Hungary
b. Italy
c. England
d. Russia

Question 5
Complete the following table.

Answer:

a. Russia
b. Germany
c. France

Question 6.
Identify and write down the impacts for the First World War.

• Economic dominance of Europe diminished.

Answer:

• In Over 10 million people lost their lives or were injured in the war.
• Poverty, Unemployment and inflation increased.
• Liberation movements in Asia and Africa strengthened.
• Agriculture , industry and communication system were destroyed.
• In a bid to bring about peace in the world, the league of nations was formed.
• Economic depression.
• Fascism and Nazism.

Question 7.
Complete the time line given below.

Answer:

Question 8.
Complete the Comparison Table given below.

Answer:

a. Germany
b. Mussolini
c. Brown Shirts
d. To glorify the nation.

Question 9.
Find out and write down the reasqps for the Second World War.

• Treaty of Versailles.
• Polish invasion of Germany.

Answer:

• Emergence of Fascism and Nazism.
• Formation of league of Nations.
• Nationalism.
• Poland invasion of Germany.

Question 10.
Complete the following table.

Answer:

a. Italy
b. Japan
c. England
d. France

Question 11.
List down the results of the Second world War.

a. Over 10 million people died.
b. Independence of the Asio-African colonies.

Answer:

• Economic system of European countries were destroyed.
• European dominance in the world diminished.
• America and Soviet Union emerged as global powers.
• Freedom movements in Asia and Africa intensified.
• In a bid to preserve and maintain world peace the United Nations Organization (UNO) was formed.

Question 12.
Complete time line below.

Answer:

a. 1939 September 1,
b. 1939 September 3,
c. United States of America dropped 2 atom bombs in Japan Little boy in Hiroshima on 6th August and Fat man in Nagasakiqn the 9th August,
d. 1945 August 15,
e. 1945, October 24,
f. Formation of Israel,
g. Non- aligned movement was formed,
h.l 96 l,
i. 199 l,
j. Oslo Pact

Question 13.
Complete the table

Answer:

a. South Africa,
b. Ghana,
c. Kenya

Question 14.
List down the reasons for the disintegration of Soviet Union.

• Deviation from the basic principles of socialism.

Answer:

• Failure in bringing about changes in economic sector.
• Regulation on freedom of expression and opinion.
• Corruption and inefficiency of the bureaucracy.
• Administrative measures of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 15.
Explain the following related to the West Asian problems.

Answer:

a. The idea of establishing a jewish homeland,
b. Establishing a nation for Palestines,
c. The agreement mediated by the U.S to recognize Palestine as a free nation.

Question 16.
Which were the strategies adopted by America to establish its dominance over the World.
• Extended Military Alliances
Answer:

• Media were used to promote America’s vested interests.
• Utilizing international agencies, America provided financial and military aids to the countries of the world.

Question 17.
Complete the following table.

Answer:

a. Adoption of liberal regulations and taxation systems to facilitate import of multinational products to domestic products,

b. Privatization,

c. Economic system of country linked to global economy, Competition driven market came into existence, Trans- border flow of products , services,raw materials, capital, latest technology and human resources facilitated.

Question 18.
Write how did globalization adversely affect developing nations.

• Destruction of the indigenous culture.

Answer:

• Destruction of indigenous culture.
• Intervention of multinational companies challenged the concept of nation state.
• Price of agricultural products plunged.
• Public sector undertakings were destroyed.
• Natural Resources were looted.

World in the Twentieth Century Evaluation Questions

Question 1.
Which are the factors that prompted the capitalist nations to invest in the colonies?
Answer:

• Cheap Labour
• Availability of raw materials
• Low cost involved in manufacturing and selling goods in colonies.

Question 2.
Analyse the back ground of the First World War.
Answer:
Traditional economic system of the colonies:
The European nations vied with each other in establishing colonies. This competition led to conflicts among them and caused mutual distrust and enmity. This further drove the nations to the signing of military alliances. The Triple Alliance and Triple Entente were examples of such military alliances.

Germany, Austria Hungary and Italy were members of triple alliance.Triple entente consisted of England, France and Russia. The formation of such alliances created a war atmosphere in Europe. They started manufacturing and buying lethal weapons.

Aggressive Nationalism:
The European nations used aggressive nationalism to invade other countries. Aggressive nationalists considered their own nations as the supreme and justified whatever be the actions of their nations. Various movements in europe were an offshoot of Aggressive nationalism.

Assassination of Francis Ferdinand:
When Austria laid its claim over the Balkan region with the support of Germany, Serbia claimed this region with the support of Russia. During this time a Serbian youth Gaverilo Prinsep assassinated Francis Ferdinand the heir to the throne of Austria at the Bosnian capital Sarajevo in June 1914.

Austria held Serbia responsible for it and declared war on serbiaon 28 July 1914. Almost all nations of the world directly or indirectly were involved in it. Therefore this war is known as the First world war.

Question 3.
Evaluate the results of the First World War.
Answer:

• The first world war ended in 1918. It produced far reaching impacts around the world.
• Over 10 million people lost their lives or were injured in the war.
• Economic dominance of Europe diminished.
• Poverty, unemployment and inflation increased.
• Liberation movements in Asia and Africa strengthened agriculture, industry and com munication systems were destroyed.
• In a bid to bring about peace in the world, the league of nations was formed.

In 1919 a peace conference was convened at paris to discuss post war situation under the leadership of winning allies, Britain and fiance. They signed different treaties with defeated nations. The Versailles Treaty signed with Germany in 1919 was the most important one. According to this treaty, German colonies were divided among victorious powers and Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. The allies occupied the rich mines of Germany.

Europe was the focal point of first world war and it had to bear the major brunt. Hence economically and politically, the European nations suffered serious setbacks. Ruling dynasties like Romanov in Russia , Hohenzollern in Germany and Hapsburg in Austria Hungary lost power.

The United states of America was not affected by war. Hence European countries was not affected by war. Hence european nations managed to get loans from the USA. Consequently American dollar overtook british pound on the basis of foreign exchange holding.

Question 4.
Arrange the following table.

Answer:

Question 5.
What is meant by New-imperialism?
Answer:
In the post war period a new kind of imperialism emerged. Multinational companies which are registered in a country and functioning in many countries, began to interfere in the economic, social and cultural sectors of the latter for serving the interests of the capitalist countries. It is known as New Imperialism.

Question 6.
What were the factors that led to the Second World War.
Answer:
Emergence of Fascism and Nazism:
Based on extreme nationalism Fascism (Italy?) and Nazism (Germany) rose to power. By following aggressive foreign policy, these two nations began to conquer other nations, they prepared the ground for the second World War.

The Treaty of Versailles:
According to the Peace of Treaty of Versailles, signed in 1919, German colonies were divided among the victorious powers. Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. She was disarmed.

Formation of the league of nations:
To bring about peace in the world, the league of nations was formed. But if failed to maintain world peace.

Question 7.
How did Fascism and Nazism become a threat to world peace?
Answer:
In 1919 Hitler formed the Nazi party. Hitler projected the purity of Aryans race and argued that Aryans should rule the world. He defied the aryans ancestry of the Germans. All other political parties except the Jazi party were banned. Military Service was made compulsory Hitler incited a spirit of revenge among the Germans against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

Taking advantage of the Feeling of revenge among German, he adopted an aggressive foreign policy. He attacked Austria and Czechoslovakia. Germany formed alliance with Italy and Japan. It was opposed by other countries. Ultimately this led to the outbreak of another world war.

Mussolini resorted to despotic measures in the political and economic fields of Italy. Violence and Ferocity were the strategies of Fascist. Socialists and leaders of peasants and workers were proclaimed as enemies of the nations. Those who opposed the fascist party were executed. Using his military force the black shirts, Mussolini suppressed the opponents through Fascist policies.Italy’s run for dictatorship paved the way for outbreak of another war.

Question 8.
In which country did World economic depression start?
Answer:
America

Question 9.
Explain, what paved the way for the formation of cold war and Non-Aligned Movement
Answer:
The USA and USSR that formed anti – fascist alliance during the second world war parted from each other after the war.The USA floated a new alliance. The USA floated a new alliance of capitalist countries while the USSR led socialist nations.These two blocs- capitalist bloc capitalist bloc and socialist bloc that represented contradictory ideas continued their political and diplomatic wars.

This enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic confrontations was called the cold war. Cold war became intense when the two blocs started new military alliances and regional coalitions. Following the second war many Asian, African and Latin american countries became independent.

They realized that the cold war was yet another face of imperialism. and that it would threaten world peace. The liberated nations decided not to join any of the blocs and formed the Non aligned movement. They understood that the race of super powers for weapons and a stronger military force would pose harm to them.

Question 10.
Arrange the following incidents in chronological order.

• Disintegration of Soviet Union
• Formation of Israel
• Oslo pact
• Belgrade Sommit

Answer:

• Formation of Israel -1948
• Belgrade Summit-1961
• Disintegration of Soviet Union -1991
• Oslo Pact -1993

Question 11.
Arrange the following table.

Answer:

Question 12.
Evaluate, how America established its dominance over the world.
Answer:

• America emerged as a global power and center of world politics following the disintegration of Soviet Union.This is called Uni polar world order.Several strategies were adopted by america to establish its dominance over the world . They are-
• Utilizing international agencies, America provided financial and military aids to the countries of the world.
• Extended military alliances
• Media were used to promote America’s vested interests. It was America’s imperialist policy that paved the way for the gulf war. America utilized their military facilities and technological progress in these wars.

World in the Twentieth Century SCERT Questions and Answer

Question 1.
What are the consequences of industrial revolution which began in England in the eighteenth century.
Answer:

• Capitalists invested in factories.
• Capitalists increased production.
• This made increase in profit.
• Production and distribution were controlled by private individuals with the aim to increase profit.
• The advent of large scale industries enhanced capital investments.
• Over production forced them to search for foreign markets.
• Asian and African nations were exploited by using political power and military forces.

Question 2.
What were the circumstances that led to the supremacy of Europeans in Asian and African nations?
Answer:

• Capital investment in factories.
• Capitalists increased production.
• This made increase in production.
• Production and distribution were controlled by private individuals with the aim to increase profit.
• The advent of large scale industries enhanced capital investment.
• Over production forced them to search for world markets.
• Using political power and military forces Asian and African nations were exploited.

Question 3.
What are the factors that forced the capitalist countries to begin production in their colonies in Asia and Africa.
Answer:

• Cheap labour.
• Availability of raw materials.
• Low cost as a result of manufacturing and selling goods in colonies.

Question 4.
How did imperialism affect the colonial countries.
Answer:

• Traditional economic system of the colonies were destroyed.
• Administrative and judicial system were replaced.
• Forced to cultivate cash crops instead of food crops.
• Indigenous art, literature, language, culture and education system were destroyed.
• Poverty and unemployment increased.
• Natural resources were exploited.

Question 5.
How did imperialist forces implement exploitative policies in the colonies?
Answer:
By using legal system, military force, administrative measures etc.

Question 6.
Which were the movements formed in connection with aggressive nationalism?
Answer:

• Plan Slav movement, Pan – German movement, Revenge movement.
• To unite the Slav people of Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece etc. in Eastern Europe was the objectives of Pan Slav movement.
• To unite the Teutonic people in central Europe and Balkan provinces was the objective of Pan German movement.
• The objective of Revenge movement in France was to conquer AlsaceLorrane which was under the control of Germany.

Question 7.
How did the imperialist crises cause the First World War. Explain.
Answer:
Moroccan Crisis:

• A secret treaty was signed between Britain and France in 1904 in which Britain accepted the French supremacy in Morroco.
• Germany did not approve it.
• Germany sent battleships to Morroco.
• The problem was solved by giving some parts of French congo to Germany.

Balkan Crisis :

• Balkan was a part of the Ottoman empire.
• In 1912, Balkan League defeated Turkey.
• Difference of opinion among Balkan countries started in sharing the benefits of the war.

Question 8.
Analyse the results of the First World War.
Answer:

• Millions of people lost their lives.
• Economic dominance of Europe diminished.
• Poverty, unemployment and inflation increased.
• Agriculture, industry and communication systems were destroyed.
• In a bid to bring about peace in the world, the League of Nations was formed.

Question 9.
What were the consequences of the First World War in Europe?
Answer:

• As Europe was the focal point of war, it had to bear the major brunt.
• Economically and politically, the European nations suffered set backs.
• Ruling dynasties in Europe, lost power. (Hohenzollern in Germany, Habsburg in Austria – Romanov in Russia)

Question 10.
America was not affected by the hazards of the First World War. Substantiate the statement
Answer:

• War did not take place in the USA.
• European nations which were destroyed in war took large scale loans from the USA.
• American dollar overtook British pound on the basis of foreign exchange holding.

Question 11.
Name of the leaders who gave leadership to the Non-Aligned Movement are given below. Name the countries they represent. Jawaharlal Nehru, Marshal Tito, Ahmed Sukarno, Gamal Abdul Nasser
Answer:

• Jawaharlal Nehru – India
• Gamal Abdul Nasser – Egypt
• Marshal Tito – Yugoslavia
• Ahmed Sukarno – Indonesia

Question 12.
Write a note on Non-Aligned movement.
Answer:

• Movement formed after the Second World War. It was a unity of nations which did not become part of capitalist or socialist bloc
• NAM was formed in the conference held at Bandung in Indonesia in 1955.
• First conference was held at Belgrade in 1961.

Question 13.
What do you mean by Balfour declaration. Explain.
Answer:
Jews helped Britain in the First World War. As a reward for this the British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour declared the establishment of a Jewish nation including Palestine in West Asia. This is known as Balfour declaration.

Question 14.
Which was the agreement recognized by Israel with the mediation of America in 1993 to liberate Palestine.
Answer:
Oslo pact

Question 15.
What were the aims of Zionist movement and the PLO?
Answer:

• Objective of the Zionist movement was to form a nation for the Jews.
•  The objective of the PLO was to establish a nation for the people of Palestine.

Question 16.
Evaluate the causes for the disintegration of Soviet Union.
Answer:

• Deviation from the basic principles of socialism.
• Over importance to defense.
• Regulation on freedom of expression and opinion.
• Corruption and inefficiency of the bureaucracy.
• The administrative reforms of Mikhail Gorbachev.

Question 17.
What were the changes brought about by the disintegration of Soviet Union in the international level?
Answer:

• Marked the end of cold war.
• Bipolar world destroyed.
• Uni polar world emerged.
• America became a supreme power.

Question 18.
What are the strategies adopted by America to retain its dominance over the world?
Answer:

• By utilizing international agencies America provided financial and military aids to countries of the world.
• Extended military alliances.
• Overthrew the governments disliked by America.
• Media were used to promote America’s vested interests.

Question 19.
How did the competition of multinational companies affect the developing countries?
Answer:

• They tried to occupy the wealth of third world countries.
• A new consumer culture developed.
• Developing nations became the markets of the multinational companies.
• Indigenous economy collapsed.

Question 20.
Liberalization, privatization and globalization are the concepts of neo imperialism. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:

• Globalization:
  Protects the interests of multinational companies. Connected nation’s econorific system with global economic system. Trans border flow of products, raw materials, capital, latest technology and human resources facilitated.
• Liberalization:
  Adoption of liberal regulation to facilitate the import of multinational products and capital.
• Privatization:
  Privatization of public sector institutions to promote private sector.

Question 21.
Name the international organisations formulating the policies of globalization.
Answer:
World Bank, International Monetary Found, World Trade Organisation

Question 22.
Explain how globalization adversely affected the developing countries.
Answer:

• Led to the destruction of indigenous culture.
• The intervention of multinational companies over the concept of nation state.
• Price of agriculture products plunged.
• Natural resources were looted.
• Government withdrew from social service sector.

Question 23.
The Treaty of Versailles was a one sided treaty. Substantiate the statement by analyzing the provisions of the treaty.
Answer:

• German colonies were divided among allied powers.
• Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity.
• The allies occupied the rich mines.
• The war guilt was imposed on Germany and she was disarmed.

Question 24.
Analyse the results of the economic depression which affected the world in 1929?
Answer:

• People who became pauper as a result of the war, could not purchase commodities.
• Goods were kept unsold in factories.
• European nations failed to repay their debts to the USA.
• Banks collapsed.
• Inflation became uncontrollable.
• Acute unemployment and poverty.

Question 25.
Economic destruction, rivalry against the victors, aimlessness etc. were the factors that helped the growth of Fascism. Analyse the features of Fascism based on this statement ’
Answer:
Antagonism to democracy, glorifying the nation, justifying war, deifying the past, military dictatorship, opposition to socialism, adoring the purity of race, diffusion of aggressive nationalism, indoctrination of ideologies through arts, literature and education, annihilation of political rivals.

Question 26.
Analyse the circumstances that led the Fascist party into power in Italy.
Answer:

• Italy got nothing though she was one among the victors of the First World War.
• Destruction of industries, unemployment, increase in tax, inflation etc.
• Fear of nation moving to socialist revolution.

Question 27.
Italy’s imperialist ambition led the nations of the world war. Substantiate the statement by evaluating the administration of Mussolini.
Answer:

• Adopted violence.
• Socialists and leaders of peasants and workers were proclaimed as enemies of the nation.
• Those who opposed the fasist party were executed.
• Aimed to restore Roman empire.
• By using his military force, the ‘Black shirts’, he executed enemies.
• Conquered nations like Ethiopia and Albania.

Question 28.
What are the factors that helped Hitler to become the ruler of Germany?
Answer:

• Treaty of Versailles imposed by the victorious allies on Germany after the First World War.
• Economic crisis and inflation.
• Failure of German governments and the political uncertainty.

Question 29.
Nazism was the German version of Fascism. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Major enemies of Nazism like socialists, communists, jews and democrats were executed.
• Jews were declared as enemies of Germany.
• Jews were massacred in concentration camps.
• For executing enemies they formed military force ‘Brownshirt secret police troop – ‘Gestapo’.
• They argued for the Aryan racial supremacy.
• All the political parties except Nazi party were banned.
• Military service was made compulsory.
• Spread of ideas.

Question 30.
Differentiate and list out the following countries into Axis powers and Allied powers. England, China, Germany, France, Italy, Japan.
Answer:

Question 31.
The Second World War had left far reaching consequences for the human beings. Evaluate the validity of the statement
Answer:

• Millions of people died.
• Economic system of European countries was destroyed.
• European dominance in the world diminished.
• Freedom movements in Asia and Africa intensified.
• America and Soviet Union emerged as global powers.
• To maintain world peace, the United Nations Organisation was formed.

Question 32.
What are the important aims of the United Nations Organisation?
Answer:

• To save the succeeding generations from the scourge of war.
• To protect international treaties and laws.
• To consolidate activities for the development of the nations of the world.

Question 33.
Analyse the causes of decolonization.
Answer:

• Supremacy of imperialist countries was questioned.
• Freedom movements strengthened in colonies.
• Super powers like USA and USSR supported freedom movements in colonies.

Question 34.
What do you mean by cold war? What was its base?
Answer:

• Enmity based on ideological conflict and diplomatic confrontation between two power blocs was called the cold war.
• Ideological conflict and political mistrust.

Question 35.
Why is the First World War called as an imperialist war? Explain.
Answer:
Crises as part of exploiting wealth by conquering colonies.

Question 36.
There were certain similarities between the ideologies put forward by Fascism and Nazism. Substantiate the statement.
Answer:
Hero worship, racism, glorification of the past, war mania, opposition to democracy and socialism

Question 37.
What was the reason for the Moroccan crisis? How was it solved?
Answer:

• Germany opposed the claim of France over Morocco.
• Morocco was given to France.
• France allowed Britain to interfere in Egypt.
• A part of French Congo was given to Germany.

Question 38.
Names of certain countries who participated in the First World War are given below. List out them into Allied powers and Central powers.
Russia, Turkey, France, Bulgaria, Germany, Serbia, Britain, Austria.
Answer:

Question 39.
Elucidate the circumstances that led to the formation of military alliances among imperialist nations.
Answer:
Balkan crisis, Moroccan crisis and construction of the Baghdad rail by Germany created conflict among imperialist nations and eventually led to the formation of military alliances. This created suspicion and fear among two groups.

Question 40.
The reforms of Gorbachev intensified the disintegration of Soviet Union. Evaluate the statement.
Answer:

a. Deviation from the basic principles of socialism,
b. The reforms of Gorbachev led to capitalism,
c. Internal problems,
d. Corruption in administration.

Question 41.
The Non-Aligned Movement has relevance today even though there are no power blocs.

1. What were the circumstances that led to formation of the Non-Aligned Movement?
2. Who were its leaders?
3. What does the non-alignment aim?

Answer:

1. When the world was divided into two blocs, the newly independent nations wanted to stay independent without aligning to any bloc.
2. Nehru, Tito, Nasser, Sukarno.
3. Active interference in international issues.

Question 42.
Evaluate the circumstances after the Second World War which led to the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement
Answer:
World was divided into two power blocs under the USA and the USSR. Newly independent nations wanted to stay remain free. In this circumstances the NAM was formed in the Bandung conference held in 1955 in Indonesia.

World in the Twentieth Century Exam Oriented Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which organisation was formed to maintain world peace after the First World War ?
Answer:
The League of Nations

Question 2.
What was the name of the secret police troop of Hitler?
Answer:
Gestapo

Question 3.
What was the name of the atom bomb which America dropped in Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 ?
Answer:
Little Boy

Question 4.
Where is the headquarters of the United Nations Organization situated ?
Answer:
New York, United States of America

Question 5.
Analyse how the UNO succeeded in gaining peace in the world?
Answer:
The UNO is strictly under powerful nations. It failed in protecting the small countries when subjected to powerful dangers. The UNO could not bring any control over the use of nuclear weapons.

• It could not withdraw the Soviet forces from Hungary.
• It was forced to surrender before, America in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Question 6. Fascism was a creation of 1“ world war. Discuss.
Answer:
First world war that began so as to protect democracy brought it towards destruction. The victorious nations suffered from unemployment, poverty and inflation. But the failed ones suffered severely. As a result, the treaties which stopped the war created enmity. Fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany and Communism in Russia were the result.

Question 7.
Decolonization cold war led to Non-Alignment Movement Explain.
Answer:
America and Soviet Union which were united leaving Fascism during the second world war were again separated after the war. America became the new economic nation and led capitalists. Soviet Union formed social-economic growth of the nations.

A result of cold war was the differences in the ideologies and diplomatic confrontation of two regions which were enemies

They planned to help their own regions. When the whole world decided to be a part of any powerful region the countries in Asia and Africa stayed free. They were called third world nations. They feared that the powerful regions may lead for threats and use of dangerous weapons may lead for a 3rd world war. Gradually non-alignment was formed.

Question 8.
Was cold war a threat for world peace? Explain the specialties of cold war.
Answer:
Cold war was the powerful competition between the socialists under Soviet Union and capitalists under the US, after II nd world war. The war was with words and ideologies. The US propagated that Soviet Union was trying to propagate communism. Soviet Union propagated that US was trying to gain mastery over the world. This resulted in cold war. Many nations joined with American and Russian sides. They came to be militant forces and this enhanced cold war.

Question 9.
Examine if the imperialist interests became a reason for the conflicts in west Asia.
Answer:
When Turkey surrendered in the first world war the countries including Palestine became under Britain. Israel was formed in 1948 when the need for a nation for Jews became strong. Arab countries were anxious when foreign countries tried to block the formation of Israel.

Question 10.
Results of 1st world war are known. Discuss how it became a reason for the IInd world war.
Answer:
Treaty of Versailles:
German colonies were divided among the victorious powers and Germany was forced to pay a huge amount as war indemnity. Hitler was against this and protested strongly which led to an outbreak of war.

Growth of Fascism & Nazism:
The fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany were the root cause of IInd World War. The competition between imperialist nations be¬came severe. Britain France and Holland captured majority of the colonies and markets in Asia & Africa. Germany, Italy & Japan had no colonies. This made them in misery. They planned to capture colonies and conquer the weakest nations.

Question 11.
Prepare a note on the lessons taught by war to mankind.
Answer:
Many lost their lives in 1st world war. They suffered from poverty and unemployment. The culture and development Ws lost in IInd world war. The dangers of nuclear explosion in Hiroshima and Nagazaki are still continuing. Every nation has developed in the field of science and technology. If a world war hap pens again the new weapons would bring an end to the whole mankind. So, let us dream for a world wide peace.

Question 12.
Explain the formation of the United Nations Organization.
Answer:

• Although the League of Nations was established following the first world war, it failed to maintain world peace.
• After the Second World War, efforts were taken to set up an organisation for preserving global peace.
• This resulted in the establishment of the United Nations Organisation on 24 October, 1945.
• The headquarters of the UN is in New York, United States of America.
• Some of its objectives are to save the succeeding generations from the scourge of war, to protect international treaties and laws and to foster social and economic development of countries.

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Part 2 Chapter 10 Consumer: Satisfaction and Protection Questions and Answers

SSLC Geography Chapter 10 Notes

Question 1.
What do you mean by consumption?
Answer:
Consumption means the buying and use of goods and services by people in order to satisfy their needs.

Question 2.
Who is a consumer?
Answer:
Consumer is a buying or spending unit. In other words, consumer is one who buys and uses goods and services after paying the price.

Question 3.
While using goods and services, what all things does a consumer expect? Complete the list.
Answer:
1. Quality
2. ………..
3………….
4. ………..
Answer:
Quality
Reliability
Fair price
After-sale service

Question 4.
What do you mean by consumer satisfaction?
Answer:
The fulfillment of consumer’s needs through the consumption of goods and services is called consumer satisfaction.

Question 5.
There are a three-tier system of consumer courts in India. Which are they?
Answer:

• District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum
• State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
• National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

Question 6.
Identify the problems faced by the consumers day today.
Answer:

• Defective weights and measures
• Adulteration and poor quality of goods
• Extracting excess price
• Selling expired goods
• Lack of standardized goods
• Delay in providing services.

Question 7.
Describe the structure and powers of the consumer courts in India.
Answer:
The Consumer Protection Act of 1986, seeks to protect and promote the interests of consumers. The Act provides for the setting up of a three-tier machinery consisting of District Forums. State Commissions and the National Commission. It also provides for the formation of consumer protection councils in every district and state and at the apex level.

District Forum:
Structure: The District Consumer Dispute Redressal Forum functions at the district level. It consists of a President and two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the state government.

Power:
A complaint can be made to the District Forum when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, does not exceed 20 lakhs. On receiving the complaint, the District Forum shall refer the complaint to the party against whom the complaint is filled. If required, the goods shall be sent for testing in a laboratory. The District Forum shall pass an order after considering the test report. If the aggrieved party is not satisfied with the verdict of the District Forum. He can appeal before the State Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

State Commission:
Structure: The State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at the state level. It consists of a President and not less than two other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the state government

Power: A complaint can be made to the State Commission when the value of the goods or services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds Rs. 20 lakhs, but does not exceed Rs.1 crore. The Commission shall pass an order after considering the test report from the laboratory. In case the grieved party is not satisfied, he can appear before the National Commission within 30 days of the passing of the order.

National Forum:
Structure: The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission functions at the national, level. It consists of a President and atleast 4 other members, one of whom should be a woman. They are all appointed by the Central Government.

Power:
A complaint can be made to the National Commission when the value of the goods and services in question, along with the compensation claimed, exceeds Rs. 1 crore. The Commission passes the order after following the necessary procedures.

Question 8.
Point out important features of consumer courts.
Answer:

• Consumer courts assure justice quickly.
• The procedures are very simple.
• The cost of case or trial is less.

Question 9.
Identify the methods to be adopted for consumer education.
Answer:

• Observation of consumer day.
• Organize awareness programs
• Include consumer rights a part of curriculum.
• Conduct seminars and workshops on consumer
• Rights and problems
• Provide legal assistance.