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Question 1.
Name the central bank of India
Answer:
Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Question 2.
………….. is the headquarters of RBI
Answer:
Mumbai
Question 3.
Complete the following.
Answer:
Question 4.
What do you mean by financial institutions?
Answer:
The institution that undertakes economic transactions like accepting deposits and giving loans are called financial institutions.
Question 5.
RBI was nationalized in:
a) 1935
b) 1945
c) 1947
d) 1949
Answer:
d) 1949
Question 6.
Complete the following chart
Answer:
Question 7.
The deposit that allows to deposit and withdraw money many times in a day
1. Current deposit
2. Recurring deposit
3. Saving deposit
Answer:
1. Current deposit
Question 8.
Industrial Finance Corporation is an example for
1. Commercial Banks
2. Development Banks
3. Non-Banking Financial Institution
Answer:
2. Development Banks
Question 9.
Point out the functions of RBI.
Answer:
1. Issue of Currency Notes
2. Controller of Credit
3. Banker’s Bank
4. Government’s Bank
Question 10.
Explain the different phases in the growth of banks in India.
Answer:
First phase (1771 to 1969):
Second phase (1969 to 1990):
Third phase (From 1991 onwards):
Question 11.
Prepare a list of nationalized banks in India.
Answer:
Question 12. Name the first. modern bank in India.
Answer:
Bank of Hindustan (1770)
Question 13.
In India, coins and one rupee notes are issued by
Answer:
The Ministry of Finance
Question 14.
Explain the features of new generation banks.
Answer:
The private banks which are given license after 1991, in the third phase of the growth of banking sector are called New Generation Banks. These banks adopted new trends in banking sector like ATM, credit card, phone banking, net banking, and core banking. They have also adopted steps to make the proceeding easy and simple.
Question 15.
Name the different types of commercial banks.
Answer:
Question 16.
Write on the different types of deposits accepted by commercial banks?
Answer:
Commercial banks accept the following deposits.
Saving Deposit:
It is a scheme for depositing surplus income by individuals and institutions. Banks offer low rate of interest for this deposit. Depositor can withdraw money from this deposit subject to certain restrictions.
Current Deposit:
A scheme for depositing and withdrawing money many times in a day. Normally traders and industrialists use this deposit scheme. It does not offer any rate of interest’
Fixed Deposit:
Fixed deposits are suitable for depositing money for a fixed period. Interest is fixed on the period (tenure) of the deposit. It can be normally withdrawn only after the expiry of the period. Rate of interest will decrease if withdrawn before the expiry period. Recurring Deposit Depositing a fixed sun monthly for a fixed period is the recurring deposit. It offers a rate of interest higher than that of saving deposit, but less fixed deposit.
Giving Loans:
This is the next major function of commercial banks. Banks provide loans by using the amount deposited by the public. Banks give loans to individual as well as institutions. Interest rates charged for loans will be higher that of deposits. Rate of interest vary depending upon the duration of loans.
Other Functions:
Apart from the basic functions like accepting deposits and lending money, commercial banks render certain other services to their customers. The services rendered by the banks include.
Locker Facility:
its offer locker facility to keep costly articles (gold, title deed of property) of their customers. Banks charge a fixed amount as service charge for this.
Demand Draft:
Demand draft is a facility provided by banks to send money from one place to another. Bank account is not necessary for this.
Mail Transfer:
Mail transfer is a facility provided by banksto transfer money from any place in the world to one’s own account or to the account of another person. Telegraphic transfer is faster than mail transfer. Telegraphic transfer is a system of transfer of money through message.
ATM:
Automated Teller Machine helps the customers to withdraw money without stepping into the banks. Most banks have ATM facility today. Today money can be deposited and withdrawn through the ATM of some banks. Th.e bank gives ATM debit card for this.
Credit card:
Customers can purchase goods with the help of credit card. This system enables the customers to purchase goods even if there is no balance in the account. Money should be deposited in the bank within fixed days.
Banks help the customers to ‘remit their insurance premium, telephone bills, and electricity bills and to purchase travel tickets. Pension amount to the retired officials is disbursed through banks.
Question 17.
Define Commercial Banks
Answer:
Commercial banks are those banks which accept deposits and lend money for commercial purposes, industrial and agricultural purposes.
Question 18.
Distinguish between private Indian bank and private foreign banks.
Answer:
Private Indian commercial banks are owned by private individuals. These banks operate subject to the regulations of RBI. Banks owned by private individuals and registered in India, with their headquarters abroad are called private foreign commercial banks. These also function subject to regulations of RBI.
Question 19.
Who all are getting the benefits of RRBs
Answer:
Small scale farmers
Agricultural laborers
Small entrepreneurs
Question 20.
Describe the functions of commercial banks.
Answer:
Commercial banks perform various functions. They are discussed below:-
Accepting deposits is the main function of commercial banks. These banks accept four types of deposits. These deposits are
Question 21.
interest is not given for current deposits. Why?
Answer:
Current deposits are not given interest. This is because in current deposit scheme money can be deposited and withdrawn many times in a day without any restrictions.
Question 22.
Point out the factors influencing difference in the rate of interest on loans?
Answer:
Question 23.
What do you mean by overdraft?
Answer:
Overdraft is a type of loan given by commercial banks to customers. This facility enables a customer to withdraw money over and above the credit balance.
Banks give this facility to permanent and reliable customers. This facility is provided to those who have current account deposit.
Question 24.
Give examples of plastic money
Answer:
Credit Card Debit Card
Question 25.
What are the two trends in banking?
Answer:
Electronic banking Core banking
Question 26.
Prepare a note on the facilities offered by electronic banking?
Answer:
Today banking, services are easily available through any banks with the computerization of banks and the ATM facility. Doing all banking transactions through net banking and telebanking is called electronic banking. Banking at any time and banking at any place, net banking, and mobile banking are part of electronic banking. It does not need the support of employees and banking instruments. Only bank account and net banking facility are needed for this.
Customers can send money anywhere in the world and remit the bills from home itself without stepping into a bank. Banking activities can be completed within a short time. Not expensive as the service charge for this is very less.
Question 27.
Banking operations become easy with core banking. Explain.
Answer:
Core banking is a banking facility under which all the branches of the banks are brought under a central server to enable transactions from one bank to another. It operates with the help of internet. Making use of this facility, an individual can send money from his account to his friend’s account in another place. Facilities like ATM, debit card, credit card, net banking, telebanking, mobile banking, etc. are brought under one umbrella through core banking. This made bank transactions easy.
Question 28.
What are the things to be taken care of while using ATM cards?
Answer:
Question 29.
Match the following.
| A | B |
| RBI | 1982 |
| SBI | 1935 |
| RRB | 1955 |
| NABARD | 1975 |
Answer:
| A | B |
| RBI | 1935 |
| SBI | 1955 |
| RRB | 1975 |
| NABARD | 1982 |
Question 30.
Point out the functions of NABARD?
Answer:
The institutions that give financial assistance for the development of certain areas only are called specialized banks. NABARD is a specialized bank. Its features are:
Question 31.
Define Mudra Bank
Answer:
Mudra bank stands for micro-units development and refinances agency banks. It is a public sector financial institution in India that provides loans to low rates of interest to microfinance institutions and small scale entrepreneurs.
Question 32.
What are the objectives of Mudra bank?
Answer:
Question 33.3
NABARD stands for?
Answer:
National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development
Question 34.
What are co-operative banks? Mention their objectives?
Answer:
Co-operative banks operate on the basis of principles like co-operation, self-help and mutual help. They have been set up for rural development. Co-operative banks were set up with the aim of extending financial help to farmers, handicrafts men, small scale industrialists, etc.
The objectives of Co-operative banks are
Question 35.
Complete the following chart
Answer:
a – State Co-operative Bank
b – District Co-operative Bank
c – Primary co-operative Bank
Question 36.
Write the difference between life insurance company and non – life insurance company. Write example for each.
Life Insurance Company :
Life insurance companies are institutions that provide security to life and property of individuals. Eg. Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Non – Life insurance companies:
These are institutions that provide security to individuals from the loss incurred due to accident and natural calamity. Eg. General insurance companies
Question 37.
Which among the following is a private sector bank?
i) Vijaya Bank
ii) Canara Bank
iii) Syndicate Bank
iv) Federal Bank.
Answer:
iv) Federal Bank
Question 38.
Which is the major non-banking financial company operating in Kerala? What are the services they provide?
Answer:
Kerala State Financial Enterprises (KSFE)
Services
Question 39.
Mutual fund helps common man to overcome the constraints in investing money in share market. Explain.
Answer:
Mutual fund is a deposit scheme. Common man cannot directly involve in share market. Mutual fund helps investors to overcome this constraint. Money is mobilized from common man and small scale farmers for investing in shares and other assets like debentures and infrastructure. The profit or loss resulting from this is distributed among them.
Question 40.
Name any two mutual fund operations in public sector.
Answer:
i) SBI mutual fund
ii) Unit Trust df India
Let Us Assess
Question 41.
Reserve Bank acts as the last resort in monetary matters of all banks. Substantiate the statement based on the functions of RBI
Answer:
Reserve Bank is the Central Bank of India. It was established in 1935 and its headquarters is in Mumbai. It is the apex bank that controls all the other banks. RBI not only regulates and supervises the banks but also other financial institutions in the country by giving them necessary instructions and advice. It acts as the last resort in the monetary matters of all banks.
The functions of RBI are:
Issue of currency notes:
RBI has the legal right to issue all currency notes except one rupee note and subsidiary coins. The finance ministry is authorized to issue one rupee note and subsidiary coins. A proportional value of gold and foreign exchange are kept as reserve for issuing notes.
Controller of credit:
The availability money supply in the economy increases when the RBI issues and distributes currency notes and also by loans. Controlling credit is an important function of RBI. This is done by changing the rate of interest. When the rate of interest increases, the amount of loan decreases. Rate of interest decreases and the amount of loan increases.
government’s Bank:
The RBI acts the bank of both the Central Government and the State Governments. As per this, the RBI accepts deposits from central and state governments, gives them loans and other banking services, The Reserve Bank does not accept any remuneration for these services for the governments.
Bankers’s Bank:
Reserve Bank controls all the banks. It is the functions of the RBI to help in the operations of other banks and to advise them when needed. It regulates commercial banks and help them in emergency.
Thus the RBI acts as the last resort of all the other banks in monetary matters.
Question 42.
Explain the basic functions performed by banks.
Answer:
Banks are those institutions which accept deposits from the public and lend out money to the borrower on certain conditions. They operate on the basis of common bye-law and criteria prepared by the Reserve Bank of India.
Banks accept deposits from people, institutions, and government and disburse this amount as loans to people, institutions and government. The banks take back the loan amount with interest after a particular period and repay the depositors with interest. Thus the banks acts as the intermediary between borrowers and lenders.
Question 43.
Mahila banks, Payment banks, and Mudra banks have recently entered the banking sector. Write their aims.
Answer:
Mahila banks, Payment banks, and Mudra banks are the new entrants in the banking sector formed for specific purposes.
Mahila Bank:
The slogan of Mahila bank is ‘Empowering Women, Empowering India’. The bank accepts deposits from everyone, but lending is predominantly for women.
Payment Bank:
Payment banks are set up to help low-income groups, small scale industrialists and migrant laborers. They do not undertake all the services rendered by banks.
Mudra bank:
Mudra banks are set up to provide small credit (up to ? 10 lakh), especially in agriculture and self-employment sector. It provides financial assistance to small entrepreneurs and microfinance.
Question 44.
Evaluate how microfinance is beneficial to common people?
Answer:
The objective of microfinance is ‘to provide financial services to common people including small lendings. It helps to promote saving habits and self-employment. activities among the poor. This helps members to avail themselves of loans without providing any collaterals. Kudumbasree and Self Help Group for men are examples for this.
Aims of microfinance:
Question 45. (Qn. Pool-2017)
List the various types of banks that function in your area.
Answer:
Commercial bank SBI, Federal bank, Co-operative banks.
Question 46.
Who is responsible for issuing one rupee note and its subsidiary coins?
Answer:
Central Finance Department
Question 47.
A measure adopted by the Reserve Bank to Control Credit is ……………
a. To abolish tax
b. To bring stringent measures
c. To incerease tax rate
d. To reduce tax rate
Answer:
c. To increase tax rate
Question 48.
Which is the largest commercial bank in India?
Answer:
State Bank of India
Question 49.
Differentiate public sector commercial banks and private sector commercial banks.
Answer:
Public Sector Banks are totally under the ownership of the government. The ownership of the private sector bank is with private individuals.
Question 50.
What type of Banks are called private foreign commercial banks?
Answer:
Banks which have registered in India but have headquarters in a foreign country.
Question 51.
The statement given below belongs to which type of deposit?
“The interest rate is calculated on the basis of the time period for which the money is deposited.”
a. Savings Deposit
b. Current Deposit
c. Fixed Deposit
d. Recurring Deposit
Answer:
c. Fixed Deposit
Question 52.
Elucidate Cash Credit.
Answer:
Cash credit are loans provided by banks to institutions accepting collateral and salary certificate.
Question 53.
What is the name of the facility provided by the bank to withdraw more money than in the account?
Answer:
Overdraft
Question 54.
What is mail transfer?
Answer:
Facility provided by the bank to send money to one’s own account or its others account from anywhere in the world is mail transfer.
Question 55.
Differentiate Banks and non-banking financial institutions.
Answer:
Non-banking financial institutions do not provide facilities like withdrawal of cash by cheque, mail transfer, lockers, etc.
Question 56.
List down the name of two mutual fund institutions functioning in India.
Answer:
Unit Trust of India
Life Insurance Corporation Mutual Fund
Question 57.
Explain the functioning of Kudumbasree and Men self-help group.
Answer:
At least 20 women/men of a locality join to form small groups. Each member deposits a fixed amount. Banks provide loans at a lower rate to these groups. The funds thus collected will be distributed among the members who need it or start small scale enterprises.
Question 58. (Qn. Pool-2017)
Write a note on the functioning of banks.
Answer:
Accepting deposits, providing loans. Providing locker facilities for safekeeping issuing checks and demand drafts. ATM, CDM, Netbanking and care banking facilities.
Question 59.
Bank nationalization strengthened the banking sector in India. Give your opinion on this statement.
Answer:
The major banks in India were nationalized with the view that banks should operate with the view that banks should operate with the aim of social progress with nationalization banking sector strengthened with more government control and banking spread to rural areas.
Question 60.
What are newb generation banks? How are they different from other banks?
Answer:
Banks that started after 1991. Mainly city-centered. New management and functions with modern technologies.
Question 61.
Explain the important functions of commercial banks.
Answer:
Two important functions of the banks are accepting deposits and granting loans. Deposits are classified into savings deposit. Which is aimed to encourage saving habits. Current deposits which is used by industrial and traders fixed deposit with more interest and recurring deposits. Banks give loans of different types for various purposes. Some are short terms and some are long-terms loans are granted on the basis of asset security or personal security.
Question 62.
Prepare a short note on public sector commercial banks.
Answer:
Commercial banks functions in the public sector and private sector. The banks which are under government control are called public sector banks. They accept
deposit, provide loans, locker facilities, net banking, care banking facilities are provided.
Question 63.
Write about the different of deposits in commercial banks and their features.
Answer:
Deposits are of mainly four types savings deposits. Ant one can open on account any amount can be deposited and withdraw comparatively low interest.
Current deposit: This deposits facility depositing and withdrawing many times in a day. Used mainly by traders and industrialists. No interest.
Fixed deposit: Ideal for depositing money for a fixed period. Comparatively high interest.
Recurring deposit: A specific amount is deposited every month for a fixed period of time. Receives high rate of interest.
Question 64.
Explain the grounds under which overdrafts are issued.
Answer:
Overdraft is a credit facility provided to individuals by banks. This allows an account holder who have frequent transactions to withdraw an amount over and above the balance in the account.
Question 65.
The upcoming trends in banking sector makes banking more people-friendly.
Answer:
Electronic banking is a method by which all transactions can be carried out through not banking and telebanking. Its features are money can be sent and bills can be paid anywhere in the world. Saves time and low service charges.
Core banking: Core banking is the facility which is arranged in such a way that the branches of all banks are brought under a control server. This facility helps and individual to send money to his account from anywhere.
Question 66.
Cooperation, self-help, and mutual help are the working principles of Co-operative banks.’To what extent did the objectives of Co-operative Banks justify this? Write your inferences.
Answer:
Provide loans to the public, protect the villages from private money lenders, provide loans at low-interest rates, encourage saving habits amoung people. Co¬operative banks have strengthened banking activities in remote areas.
Question 67.
Which are the different levels of the co-operative banks? Write their different type of functions.
Answer:
State Co-operative Banks. Apex body in the state Co-operative sector. Provides financial assistance to district Co-operative banks and primary Cooperative banks.
District Co-operative banks operate at district centres. Provides assistance and guidance toprimary Co-operaitve banks.
Primary Co-operative banks Function in villages area of functions is limited. Encourage saving habit in villagers. Provides loansto villages at low interest rates.
Question 68.
Write a short note on the development banks.
Answer:
Development banks provide long term loans for various needs such as modernisation of industries. There banks work as an agent that helps in the development of different sectors. Provide loans for construction of house small scale industry and infrastructure development. .
Question 69.
What are specified banks? Write examples for them.
Answer:
Specified banks provide financial help for the development of certian sectors.
e.g: Exim bank, Small Industries Devlopment Banks, NABARD
Question 70.
Write down the features of the specialized banks given below.
1. Exim bank of India
2. Indian Small Scale Industries Development Bank
3. NABARD
Answer:
Exim Bank (Export-Import Bank) : Provides loans for exporting and importing products Provides instructions to individuals who come into this sector
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) : Provides help to establish new small scale industries and modernizing existing industries Aimc is to vitalizes.
National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) : Apex bank in India which functions for the development of villages and agriculture Unites all the banks which operate for the development of villages Provides financial assistance to agriculture handicraft small scale industries etc.
Question 71.
What is the slogan of Bharathiya Mahila Bank? What is its contemporary significance?
Answer:
In the contemporary world Bharathiya Mahila Bank plays a significant role in helping women to become self-reliant.
Question 72.
What are payment banks? Write down their features.
Answer:
Payment Banks have been established to help the low-income groups small scale industrialists and migrated employees.
The main features are
1. Accept deposit up to only one lakh rupees from individuals.
2. Provide interest on deposits as specified by the Reserve Bank of India.
3. Do not provide loans.
4. Charge a specific fee as commission for bank transactions.
5. Debit card will be provided but no credit card.
Question 73.
What are non-banking institutions? Why are the following institutions non-banking institutions?
1. Mutual fund institutions
2. Insurance companies
Answer:
Non-Banking financial institutions that operate under the supervision of the Reserve Bank of India. They are registered under the Company Act 1936 and carry out the basic functions of the Banks. Mutual fund institutions and insurance companies are non-banking financial companies because they do not carry out all the functions of Banking institutions
Question 74.
Which are the Mutual fund institutions that function in the Public and Private sectors?
Answer:
SBI Mutual Fund LIC Mutual Fund ICICI Mutual Fund HDFC Mutual Fund
Question 75.
Which is the major institution in India, that functions for the protection of the health and life of the individuals?
Answer:
Self-help groups are formed to encourage saving habits among low-income groups in the society and to seek self employment. Men/women in a locality join together and form small groups, normally 20 members. Each member invest a fixed amount in the group and with the help of Bank loans are provided to member at low rate to find self-employment.
You can Download The State and Political Science Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 9 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.
The human being, animals, plants, etc., in this world, exist within the boundary of a state. The rise of nation-states was an important feature of the modern world. A state would have certain components.
Question 1.
Identify the important elements of state.
Population : ………………
…………….. : ………………
Answer:
Population: government
Territory: sovereignty
Question 2.
Examine how a state is adversely affected by increased population and decreased population.
Answer:
Population is an essential element information of the state. Existence of the state is depending upon the coexistence and cooperation of people without population no state can be formed. However, there is no criteria about the minimum and maximum number of population a sate should have. But very huge population and very less population are not suitable for a state. These extreme situations will adversely affected the development of a state. Very high population may lead to poverty and unemployment conditions.
Similarly, lack of sufficient population may result in deficiency of human capital/human resources. Government is one of the important features of the state. The administration of the state. The administration of the state is maintained by the government. The government has many functions. Providing peace and security to the people is the most important function of the state.
Question 3.
Point out the functions performed by governments in a state.
Answer:
Question 4.
Critically evaluate the optional functions different from compulsory functions.
Answer:
The compulsory functions include maintenance of law and order within the state. But optional functions are totally different. As the word indicates these functions may or may not be performed by the state. However, most of the modern states try to perform these functions.
Provision of health facilities, education facilities, transportation facilities, social welfare activities, etc., are optional functions. These functions are performed by the modem states as per their ability and convenience. These are many theories and opinions regarding the origin of the state. Whether the state is created by the society, or individual, or God.
Question 5.
Name the persons who gained acquired citizenship in India.
Answer:
Question 6.
Summarise the viewpoints of various theories on origin of state.
Answer:
The case issue in the study of political science are the state and the government. The institution of state is studied in relation to its origin, nature, aims, and functions of the state. There are 4 important theories about the origin of the state. The are :
The Divine Origin Theory of the state is the oldest theory concerning the primary origin of state. According to this theory, the state is established by had who rules the state directly or indirectly through someone regarded as an agent.
The evolutionary theory is also known as sociological or correct theory of the origin of the state. This theory helps in understanding the forces and actors which created the state and historical stage through which it passed.
The Force Theory of the sate origin is none of the oldest theories on origin of the sate. The idea contained in force theory is that the state originated due to force exerted by the strong over the weak.
The social contract theory states that the origin of the sate is through the contract of people. People formed sate in order to satisfy their requirements.
Question 7.
Define the meaning of citizen.
Answer:
Citizen is a person who is entitled to enjoy all the legal rights and privileges granted by a state to the people comprising its constituency and is obliged to obey its laws and to fulfill his duties as called upon.
Question 8.
Define citizenship.
Answer:
Citizenship is the position or status of being a citizen of a particular country.
Question 9.
Prepare a flow chart showing relationship between a citizen and the state.
Answer:
Question 10.
What are the civil/political rights?
Answer:
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individual’s freedom from infringement by governments, social organization and private individuals. The civil rights include right to vote, right to contest in elections, right to form organization right to criticize the government, right to decorates official position, etc.,
Question 11.
Point out the important topics covered under political science.
Answer:
Let Us Assess
Question 12.
What is meant by state? What are the essential elements of state.
Answer:
A state is a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government. The basic elements of the state are population, territory, government, and sovereignty.
Question 13.
Explain the internal sovereignty and external levels sovereignty.
Answer:
A state can exist only through sovereignty. It is the absolute and comprehensive power of a state. It has two broad levels – internal and external.
Question 14.
What are the obligatory and discretionary functions of a state?
Answer:
Modern states have wide range of functions to perform with the popularity of welfare state, the functions and duties increased considerably. We can classify the functions of a state into obligatory and discretionary.
Question 15.
Name the theorem related to state formation.
Answer:
Question 16.
What is citizenship?. Note down the difference be-tween a citizen and foreigner.
Answer:
Citizen is a person who is entitled to enjoy all the legal rights and privileges granted by a state to the people comprising its constituency, and is obliged to obey its lows and to fulfil his duties as called upon. All those who are residing in state many not be the citizen of that state. Foreigners also reside in a state. But only citizens can enjoy the political rights.
Question 17.
Explain natural and acquired citizenship.
Answer:
National citizenship is given by birth on the otherhand acquired citizenship.refersto the citizenship by virtue of being borne abroad. Acquired citizenship can be acquired only if a person has got the requirements/ qualifications mentioned in the ruler/laws in a country.
Question 18.
What is political science.
Answer:
Political science is a social science discipline that deals with systems of government and the analysis of political activity and political behavior.
Question 19.
What is known as the factor of political science?
a) Aristotle
b) Socates
c) Plato
d) Kautilya
Answer:
a) Aristotle
Question 20.
Define state?
Answer:
A state is a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.
Question 21.
The term state was first used by ……….
Answer:
Niccolo Muchiavelli
Question 22.
Prepare a note on ‘Saptang Theory of State’.
Answer:
The ‘Saptanga Theory was given by Kautilya a state has seven elements or constituents namely:
Question 23.
What do you mean by demography?
Answer:
Demography is the study of statistics such as births, deaths, income or the incidence of discussion, which illustrates the changing structure of human population.
Question 24.
India has ______ position in the world on the basis of population.
Answer:
7th
Question 25.
Observe the above news headlines and prepare a note.
Answer:
The headlines are related to national as well as international level decisions taken by the government. It shows that a government has the power to take decisions on national importance without any external pressure or compulsion. This power of a nation may be considered an sovereignty.
Question 26.
Categories the following functions of state
1. Internal peace
2. Dispensing justice
3. Maintaining law and order
4. Physical welfare
5. Social security measures
6. Provision of education
7. Protection from external invasion
8. Provision of transportation facilities
Answer:
Compulsory functions:
Optional functions:
Question 27.
Complete the following table.
| State is God’s creation | |
| State was an evolution of family | |
| Origin of state was in a social contract | |
| Authority of a group |
Answer:
| State is God’s creation | Divine Right Theory |
| State was an evolution of family | Evolutionary Theory |
| Origin of state was in a social contract | Social Contract Theory |
| Authority of a group | Force Theory |
Question 28.
What is the importance of the study of political science?
Answer:
The study of political science is very useful and valuable. Its knowledge is essential and useful to both the ruler and the ruled. The significance of the study of political science is pointed out below:
Question 29.
Point out the important topics covered under political science.
Answer:
Question 30.
What is the importance of the study of political science?
Answer:
The study.of political science is very useful and valuable. Its knowledge is essential and useful to both the ruler and the ruled. The significance of the study of. political science is pointed out below:
Question 31.
Larry Baker was born in ………………..
Answer:
Hip Britain
Question 32.
The book “Ethics” was written by.
Answer:
Aristotle
Question 33.
The word politics was originated from Greek word ‘polis’ meaning …………..
Answer:
Nation-state.
Question 34.
Citizenship are of two types. Complete the chart
Answer:
1) Natural citizenship
2) Acquired citizenship
Question 35.
What are the necessary basic elements of state? Explain one among them.
Territory:
Government:
Sovereignty:
Question 36. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Implementation of developmental projects is one of the functions of a government. What are the other functions?
Answer:
Question 37. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Complete the given flow chart
Answer:
Question 38. (Qn. Pool -2017)
Providing health care, providing educational facilities, etc. are discretionary functions of a government. How do you respond to this? What is meant by discretionary functions?
Answer:
Development of human resources is the major objective of medem state. Protection of health providing education facilities, etc. are main objectives of state.
Question 39. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Complete the chart
Answer:
Divine Right theory, Evolutionary theory, Social contract theory, Power theory
Question 40. (Qn.Pool-2017)
What is meant by political science? What is the importance of it in the present-day society?
Answer:
Question 41. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Mother Teresa and poet Kamala Surayya are per¬sons having Indian citizenship.
Do they have same type of citizenship? If not, what is the difference between their citizenship?
Answer:
Question 42. (Qn.Pool-2017)
What is meant by sovereignty?
Answer:
State has the right to take decisions on national and international issues independently. This supreme authority of state is called sovereignty.
Question 43. (Qn.Pool-2017)
What are the equal rights one get through citizen-ship?
Answer:
Question 44. (Qn. Pool -2017)
What are the different branches of study of political science?
Answer:
Political theories
Public administration
Comparative politics
International-politics
Question 45. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Too much or too less population is not good for a state. Why?
Answer:
Too much and too less population will adversely af¬fect the development of a state.
Question 46. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Why states like Canada having less population encourages migration?
Answer:
Scarcity of human resources is the reason for this.
Question 47. (Qn.Pool-2017)
What is meant by citizenship?
Answer:
Citizenship is full and equal membership of a nation
Question 48. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out the obligatory and discretionary powers of the state in the given table.
| Obligatory powers | Discretionary powers |
| 1. Protection of boundary | 1. Protection of health |
| 2. | 2. |
| 3. | 3. |
| 4. | 4. |
Answer:
| Obligatory powers | Discretionary powers |
| 1. Protection of boundary | 1. Protection of health |
| 2. Maintain internal peace | 4. Provide educational facilities |
| 3. Protection of rights | 5. Implement welfare programmes |
| 4. Implementation of justice | 6. Provide transportation facilities put forward |
Question 49. (Orukkam – 2017)
The following are the different theories of the origin of state. Point out the ideas put forward by each of the theories in the formation of state.
Answer:
Question 50. (Orukkam – 2017)
Complete the sun diagram showing the branches of political science.
Answer:
Question 51. (Orukkam – 2017)
Match the column A with B.
| A | B |
| i. Nicholo Machiavelli | i. Concept of welfare state |
| ii. Aristotle | ii. Coined the term ‘state’ |
| iii. Jeremy Bentham | iii. Importance of Involving in politics |
| iv. Plato | iv. Father of Political Science |
Answer:
| A | B |
| i. Niccolo Machiavelli | i. Coined the term ‘state’ |
| ii. Aristotle | ii. Father of Political Science |
| iii. Jeremy Bentham | iii. Concept of welfare state |
| iv. Plato | iv. Importance of Involving in politics |
You can Download British Exploitation and Resistance Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 4 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.
British Exploitation And Resistance Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
Prepare the diagram that depicts the features of the Permanent settlement, the Ryotwari, and the Mahalwari land revenue systems.
Answer:
British Exploitation And Resistance Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
How did the British land revenue Policy make the peasantry fall easy prey to the exploitation of moneylenders? Explain.
Answer:
In the permanent land revenue settlement the tax was collected by zamindars. When the zamindars became the owners of the land, the actual farmers became tenants. The tax to be paid to the Government was exactly estimated. In the Ryotwari system the ownership of the land was vested with the farmers. The condition of the farmers did not improve. The tax to be paid was of high interest.
Sslc History Chapter 1 Notes Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Conduct a discussion on ‘British policies and commercialization of agriculture.
Answer:
The commercialization of agriculture began as a result of landlordism and revenue policy. The products made by them were used to meet their needs. The products were based on both their daily needs and luxury. They began to cultivate cotton. Indigo after Industrial Revolt.
Farmers did not get much income. Indian goods were thrown away. Indian goods lost their value with the arrival of foreign goods. Tax was more during the British rule. Indian lands became the cultivating field of Europe. Indigo, cotton, sugarcane, tea, jute and wheat were cultivated during that period.
10th Standard Social Science Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Imagine yourself as a journalist. Prepare a news report on the plight of the indigo farmers of the nineteenth century.
Answer:
Indigo Plantation Makes the Farmers in Misery:
Bengal: flic farmers from Bengal are irudiiionally cultivators of wheat and sugarcane. They began Indigo plantation due to the compulsion of the British But (he profit did not go to the farmers, though the pi ice was high m the market They got only cheap wages.
The use of two artificial cnlomlessened (lie demand of indigo. So the farmers began to Lullivate wheal, sug.in.anc. and other crops Bui the Brilisli stood against it and deslroycd the crops. With this, the misery and plight nfthclanncrs increased.
Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Question 5.
Analyse the circumstances that led to the Indigo Revolt.
Answer:
Indigo was a product in the market. It was used for dyeing. Indigo was found from Indian farms for Europe. The British compelled Indian farmers. Low rate was permitted for the fanners. No other products were allowed to be made. Farmers came with protest, first in Bengal. They attacked indigo factories with arrows, swords and spears. As the protest be came severe, factories were closed. By the end of 1860 Indigo cultivation in Bengal came to an end.
Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Notes Question 6.
How did the British rule make the Tribal life miserable. Examine ?
Answer:
The tribes became the victims of the British rule. Gathering forest produce, cattle rearing, shifting cultivation, and hunting were their major means of livelihood. The Forest Acts imposed by the British made their life miserable.
They were prohibited to enter forest when the British declared forests as protected.The forests that were abundant with trees required by the British were declared as protected forests.
The British widely felled trees from forests to lay railway lines and build ships, and for plantation. The British levied tax at higher rates on the forest produce collected by the tribes.
Hsslive Guru Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
Analyse the reasons for the decline of the Indian textile industry and complete the diagram below.
Answer:
Sslc Geography Chapter 1 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Prepare an article on the problems faced by different sections of people due to the British policies in India.
Answer:
The rules of the British have helped the people in many ways. Land Revenue System is one among them. According to the rule, many fanners lost their land. They were compelled to pay heavy rate as taxes. The inflation in Bengal and the life of the workers, poverty, heavy tax, decline in the field of agriculture, the exploitation of Zamindars, money lenders and merchants all affected the people badly.
Social Science 10th Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Discuss the causes of the Revolt of 1857 based on the hints below.
Answer:
The Rebellion was started by the sepoys of Meerut. Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for their resentment. The rumour that the cartridge in the newly supplied enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs provoked Indians.
It wounded the religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers.The soldiers who were unwilling to use the new cartridge were punished by the officers.Along with the kings and the sepoys, common people also took part in the revolt. The British rule had adversely affected the kings too. In addition to the Doctrine of Lapse, the princely states were convicted of in efficient rule and were annexed by the British.
This made the kings lead the Rebellion.The salient features of this Rebellion was the active participation of the common people like farmers and craftsmen.The rioters could not overcome the superior military power of the British and the rebellion was extremely suppressed.
Though the revolt could not succeed completely, it was marked as the foremost massive resistance of the Indians against the British.1857 sepoy revolt brought several changes in the policies and administration of the British. The British parliament took over Indians from the British East India company. Economic exploitation of the British reached its extreme level in the post 1857 phase.
Social 10th Class Notes State Syllabus Question 10.
Prepare a note on Drain Theory.
Answer:
The financial exploitation of British created hatred among the Indians. Dadabhai Naoroji published the facts on the deterioration of Indian economy under British rule. He established the fact that a huge amount of money was flowing to the British every year. He proved that the drain of wealth was the root cause of poverty and starvation in India. His findings were known as ‘Drain Theory.’
The sources of drain of wealth from India to British were of different types.
The drain of wealth to foreign countries was just a part of exploitation in India. The British used the methods of heavy taxes, unfavorable marketing etc. They gained more through these means.
10th Standard Social Science Kerala Syllabus Question 1.
The revenue policy of the British was the major cause for the decline of agricultural sector in India. Examine this statement by analyzing the features of the permanent settlement.
Answer:
Permanent land revenue settlement system was mainly implemented among the farmers by the British. This land revenue settlement was implemented in Bengal, Bihar and Odisha region. The permanent settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis, the Governor General of British India. This system is also known as Zamindari system. In this system the Zamindars collected tax from the farmers. They received 1/11th of the total tax collected as commission.
Various features of permanent land revenue settlement:
Zamindars were the owners of the entire land where they had the right to collect tax. While zamindars became the owners of the land, the actual farmers became tenants. Farmers were to pay up to 60% of the yield as tax. Tax was to be paid even at the time of poor yield. The tax was to be paid in cash strictly before the cut-off date
Sslc Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Pdf 2020 Question 2.
Match column A with column B.
| A | B |
| Santhal rebellion | Malabar |
| Mappila rebellion | Dadabhai Naoroji |
| Kurichya rebellion | Rajmahal Hills |
| Drain Theory | Wayanad |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Santhal rebellion | Rajmahal Hills |
| Mappila rebellion | Malabar |
| Kurichya rebellion | Wayanad |
| Drain Theory | Dadabhai Naoroji |
Sslc History Chapter 1 Malayalam Medium Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
What were the circumstances that led to the commercialization of agriculture during the British period?
Answer:
During the British rule Indian farmers were mainly engaged in agriculture. The farmers produced things only to meet the needs of their family and the village. During the British rule farmers were compelled to cultivate crops according to the market needs. As a result commercial crops were largely cultivated instead of food crops.
This transformation is called commercialization of agriculture.Farmers had to pay high rate of tax in the form of cash before the deadline. To meet this, farmers cultivated the crops that had the higher market price. The products that had demand in the European markets were given higher price.
Thus,the Indian lands became the cultivating field of Europe.Various crops that were widely cultivated during this period were indigo, cotton, sugarcane, tea, jute, wheat etc.
Sslc Social Science Notes Malayalam Medium Pdf Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Analyze the causes of the Indigo Revolt.
Answer:
With the industrial revolution in the 18th century in England textile industry gathered much momentum and the demand for indigo further increased.Import of indigo from Britain nearly doubled by 1810 against 1780. It was necessary for the British industrialists to get indigo plantation spread to more regions in India.
They gave the farmers a good amount as advance for the cultivation of indigo.The farmers succumbed to the temptation of the British and widely planted indigo as they were in trouble with no other means to pay the heavy land tax.
Due to the interference of the British agents in the harvesting seasons, the farmers received only a lower price for indigo. Later when artificial colors were invented, the indigo became obsolete. This made the plight of the farmers more miserable.
The Indigo farmers Revolt:
According to D. G. Tendulkar “not a chest of indigo reached England without being stained with human blood.” This quote reveals the sufferings of the indigo farmers. The indigo farmers resorted to revolt owing to the severe exploitation and endless miseries. In 1859 the farmers of Bengal organised themselves and declared that they were giving up indigo cultivation.
They attacked indigo factories with bows, arrows, swords and spears. Several women also participated in the revolt. The rioters excommunicated the British supporters and those who worked for the British. The Government appointed a commission to study the problem of the indigo farmers. The commission found that the indigo farming was uneconomic and proposed to stop it.
Question 5.
‘Kurichya rebellion was a resistance by the tribes against the British exploitation.’ What were the circumstances that led to the Kurichya rebellion?
Answer:
Kurichya revolt was another tribal in surgency against the British in Wayanad. It was organised by the Kurichya and the Kurumba tribes of Wayanad in 1812. There are various reasons for this revolt. Imposition of excessive tax by the British, compulsion for paying tax in cash and seizing of agricultural land for non-payment of tax, etc. are some of them.
The Revolt was led by the Kurichya leader Rama Nambi. Several people other than the tribes also joined in this struggle. The British government suppressed the struggle and killed Rama Nambi. Besides the Santhal and Kurichya revolt. Several other tribal insurgencies broke out in different parts of India. The important ones among them are.
Question 6.
What were the causes of the decline of the Indian textile industry?
Answer:
The observation made by William Ben tick, the Governor General of India, on the decline of textile industry that was world famous once. The bones of the cotton weavers were bleaching the plains of India.
The British policies completely ruined not only the agricultural sector, but also the handicrafts in India.Large scale import of machine made British textiles was the major reason for the ruin of Indian textile industry.The machine made textiles imported from Britain could be sold easily, for they were cheaper.
The expansion of railway was also responsible for the decline of the Indian textile industry.It helped the British to carry the imported fabrics from port towns to interior villages and the cotton collected from villages to the ports for exporting to Britain.
Due to the higher tax levied, the price of Indian textiles exported to Britain increased so it lost the British market too.Weavers gave up their work massively due to the exploitation and torture of the British officers. So they searched for other jobs. The textile centers like Murshidabad and Dhaka that were thickly populated once, became least inhabited.
The people, who had been working in the textile industry migrated to villages and engaged in agriculture related works. This led to the stagnation in agriculture. The ruins of agriculture sector and handicrafts industry led India to famine and deaths due to starvation. Lakhs of people died of famine.
Question 7.
Do you think that the famines in India were the creation of the British? Why?
Answer:
India became a mere supplier of raw materials to Britain and a market for finished goods. Life had become a burden when the production and distribution of consumer items like salt came under the control of the British government. A huge amount of money was flowing to Britain every year.
The drain of wealth was the root cause of poverty and starvation in India. Export of Indian raw materials, salary and pension to the British officers in India, profit gained through the sale of the British products in India, Tax from India also led to poverty and starvation among Indians.
Question 8.
Evaluate the role of Drain theory by Dadabhai Naoroji in stimulating national feeling among the Indian masses.
Answer:
Economic exploitation among Indians by the Britishers reinforced their anti British attitude. Dadabhai Naoraj i’s drain theory played an important role in making the common people aware of the economic policy of the British and nationalism among Indians.
Question 9.
Analyzes the causes of the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:
There are various reasons for the Revolt of . 1857. The Rebellion was started by the sepoys of Meerut. Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for their resentment. The rumour that the car ridge in the newly supplied infield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs provoked Indians. It wounded the religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
The soldiers who were unwilling to use the new cartridge were punished by the officers. Along with the kings and the sepoys, common people also took part in the revolt. The British rule had adversely affected the kings too. In addition to the Doctrine of Lapse, the princely states were convicted of inefficient rule and were annexed by the British.
This made the kings lead the Rebellion.The salient features of this Rebellion was the active participation of the common people like farmers and craftsmen. Out of one and a half lakhs of people who were killed in the riots at Awadh, a princely state, one lakhs were the common people.
The real strength of the rebellion was the Hindu Muslim unit. A spirit of cooperation existed among the soldiers, common people and the leaders. The rioters captured Delhi and declared Bahadur Shah II as the emperor of India.
The rioters could not overcome the superior military power of the British and the rebellion was extremely suppressed. Though the revolt could not succeed completely, it was marked as the foremost massive resistance of the Indians against the British.
1857 sepoy revolt brought several changes in the policies and administration of the British.The British parliament took over Indians from the British East India company. Economic exploitation of the British reached its extreme level in the post 1857 phase.
Question 10.
What were the sources of economic drain from India to Britain? .
Answer:
Export of Indian raw materials . Salary and pension to the British officers in India . Tax from India.These are the various sources of economic drain from India to Britain.
Question 11.
Do you think that the Swadeshi Movement was a mass movement? Why?
Answer:
To check economic drain, the early national leaders pleaded with the people to boycott foreign goods and strengthen Indian industry by consuming Indian products. As a part of the agitation, foreign goods were collected and burnt publicly. The extensive use of indigenous products by discarding foreign items rejuvenated Indian industry.
As a result, a number of textile mills, soap factories, match box companies, national banks and insurance companies were established. It was during the Swadeshi movement that the Bengal chemical store in Bengal, The Tata steel plant in Maharashtra and the Swadeshi steam Navigation company in Tamil Nadu were established.
Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period.Massive participation of women, laborers, and students were another remarkable feature of this movement. Washer men look a vow that they would not wash foreign clothes.
The priests swore that they would not perform rituals and prayer using foreign items. Women boycotted foreign bangles and utensils. Students quit schools to take part in the movement. Indian nationalism attained further strength from Swadeshi movement.
Question 1.
Collect news and pictures on peasant and tribal rebellions that took place in different parts of India during the British rule and prepare an album
Answer:
Mappila Riots:
Mappila Riots or Mappila Outbreaks refers to a series of riots by the Mappila (Moplah) Muslims of Malabar, South India in the 19th century and the early 20th century (1836-1921) against native Hindus and the state. The Malabar Rebellion of 1921 is often considered as the culmination of Mappila riots. Mappilas committed several atrocities against the Hindus during the outbreak.
Santhal Rebellion:
The Santhal rebellion (sometimes referred to as the Santhal rebellion), commonly known as Santhal Hool, was a native rebellion in present Jharkhand, in eastern India against both the British colonial authority and upper caste Zamindari system by the Santhal people.
It started on June 30,1855 and on November 10, 1855 martial law was proclaimed which lasted until January 3,1856 when martial law was suspended and the movement was brutally ended by troops loyal to the British.
Kurichya Rebellion:
Unjust and violent acts against the people of Wayanad were done with the knowledge and concurrence of the Collector, Mr. Warden. His stubbomess and his officers’ stupidity and cruelty combined to produce a strong spirit of resistance and aggressive attitude on the part of the people of Wayanad in 1812. It was in this background that the Kurichya Rebellion of 1812 erupted.
Question 2.
Prepare a magazine featuring the centres and leaders of the First war of Indian Independence in 1857.
Answer:
Delhi : Bahadur Shah Zafar and Bakht Khan.
Jhansi : RaniLaxmiBai.
Bihar : Kunwar Singh.
Mathura : Devi Singh.
Meerut : Kadam Singh.
Faizabad : Muhammad Ullah. ,
Kanpur : Nana sahib, Tantya Tope and Azimullah Khan.
Allahabad : LiaqatAli.
Question 1.
Complete the table give below.
| Land Revenue Systems | Areas of Implementation | Collections of tax |
| Permanent land revenue settlements | Bengal, Bihar, Orissa regions | ? |
| ? | South Indian Regions | ? |
| ? | ? | Village headmen collected the tax |
Answer:
| Land Revenue Systems | Areas of Implementation | Collections of tax |
| Permanent land revenue settlements | Bengal, Bihar, Orissa regions | Zamindars |
| Ryotwari system | South Indian Regions | Collected directly from farmers |
| Mahalwari system | North west regions | Village headmen collected the tax |
Question 2.
Write the impact of the land revenue policies of its British.
High taxation
Answer:
Question 3.
Complete the given chart in connection with the condition of Indian peasants and cultivation in India.
Answer:
Question 4.
Complete the time line given below.
Answer:
Question 5.
List out the causes for the peasant revolts in Malabar.
Answer:
Question 6.
Complete the given table.
| Revolts | Nature |
| Indigo Revolts | Peasant Revolt |
| Mappila Revolts | a. |
| Kurichya Revolts | b. |
| Santhal Revolt | c. |
Answer:
Question 7.
Write the causes for the revolt of the tribal’s against the British.
Answer:
Question 8.
Complete the diagram.
Answer:
Question 9.
Complete the diagram.
Answer:
Question 10.
Identify the cause for the decline of the textile industry.
Answer:
Question 11.
List out the results of the decline of the textile industry in India.
Answer:
Question 12.
Complete the table.
| Village Industries | Causes of decline |
| Pottery | ………. a………. |
| Tanning | ……… b………. |
| …….. c………… | Use of machines made of metals |
Answer:
Village Industries | Causes of decline |
| Pottery | Import of aluminium vessels |
| Tanning | Export of raw leather to Europe |
| Carpentry | Use of machines made of metals |
Question 13.
List out its problem faced by the labors in the modern industrial factories started by the British.
Prolonged working hours
Answer:
Question 14.
Complete its table.
Answer:
Question 15.
Complete the following table.
Answer:
Question 16.
Identify how the wealth of India drained to Britain.
Export of raw materials from India
Answer:
Question 17.
Complete the given time line.
Answer:
Question 18.
Complete the table.
Answer:
Consumption of Indigenous products.
Question 1.
Analyse the features of the permanent land revenue settlement.
Answer:
Question 2.
Distinguish between its Ryot Wari and the Mahal Wari systems.
Answer:
The Ryotwari system introduced in South India the land revenue was collected directly from the farmers (Ryots). Though ownership of land was vested with the farmers, excessive tax impoverished them. Further more the tax rates were frequently increased.
In the Mahalwari system, the village headman was assigned the responsibility to collect tax. The tax rate was excessive in this system too. The entire village (Mahal) was considered as a single unit for tax collection.
Question 3.
What do you mean by the commercialization of agriculture? How did if affect Indian peasants?
Answer:
Traditionally the peasants in India were engaged in agriculture mainly to produce things only to meet the needs of their family and the village.During the British rule they were compelled to cultivate crops according to the market needs. As a result, commercial crops were largely cultivated instead of food crops. This transformation is termed as commercialization of agriculture.
Question 4.
Analyse how the land revenue and economic policies of its British affected different sections of India society.
Answer:
Farmers were one of the immediate victims of the British rule. It was the land revenue system implemented by the British that destroyed the backbone of the farmers.
The aim of their tax policy was to maximize the income. The land revenue system implemented in the various regions under the British rule was different. The Land Revenue systems introduced by the British were. Permanent land revenue settlement, Ryotwari system, Mahalwari system.
Permanent Land Settlement:
The permanent settlement was introduced by lord Cornwallis, the governor general of British India. This system is also known as the zamindari system. In this system, the zamindars collected tax from farmers. They received 1/11th of the total tax collected as commission.
Features of permanent land revenue settlement:
Ryotwari System:
In the ryotwari system introduced in South India the land revenue was collected directly from the farmers (Ryots). Though ownership of land was vested with farmers, excessive tax impoverished them. Furthermore, the tax rates were frequently increased.
Mahalwari System:
The village headman was assigned the responsibility to collect tax. The tax rate was excessive in this system too. The entire village (Mahal) was considered as a single unit for tax collection.
Question 5.
Explain the causes of the Revolt of 1857?
Answer:
There are various reasons for the Revolt of . 1857. The Rebellion was started by the sepoys of Meerut. Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for their resentment. The rumour that the car ridge in the newly supplied infield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs provoked Indians.
It wounded the religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers.The soldiers who were unwilling to use the new cartridge were punished by the officers. Along with the kings and the sepoys, common people also took part in the revolt.
The British rule had adversely affected the kings too. In addition to the Doctrine of Lapse, the princely states were convicted of inefficient rule and were annexed by the British.This made the kings lead the Rebellion.The salient features of this Rebellion was the active participation of the common people like farmers and craftsmen.
Out of one and a half lakhs of people who were killed in the riots at Awadh, a princely state, one lakhs were the common people. The real strength of the rebellion was the Hindu Muslim unit. A spirit of cooperation existed among the soldiers, common people and the leaders.
The rioters captured Delhi and declared Bahadur Shah II as the emperor of India.The rioters could not overcome the superior military power of the British and the rebellion was extremely suppressed.Though the revolt could not succeed completely, it was marked as the foremost massive resistance of the Indians against the British.
1857 sepoy revolt brought several changes in the policies and administration of the British.The British parliament took over Indians from the British East India company. Economic exploitation of the British reached its extreme level in the post 1857 phase.
Question 6.
What do you mean by its drain theory?
Answer:
The earlier leaders of congress were much conscious of the economic exploitation of the British and the resultant poverty faced by the Indians. They unveiled the British attempts to convert India as the market for selling British products, and a mere center for collecting raw material for the British industries.
They pointed out that life has become a burden when the production and distribution of consumer items like salt came under the control of the British government. Dadabai Naoroji was at the lead in pointing out such discrimination.
Through his studies, he publicized the facts On the deterioration of Indian economy under the British rule. His studies were based on empirical data. He proved that the drain of wealth was the root cause of poverty and starvation in India. His finding is known as ‘Drain Theory’.
Question 7.
How did the swadeshi movement resist British colonial domination?
Answer:
To check Economic drain, the early national leaders pleaded with the people to boycott foreign goods and strengthen Indian industry by consuming Indian products. The major strategy adopted for the anti partition movement in Bengal in 1905 was the boycott of for reign goods and consumption of indigenous products by discarding foreign items rejuvenated Indian industry.
As a result a number of textile mills, soap factories, match box companies, national banks and insurance companies were established.It was during the Swadeshi Movement, that the Bengal chemical store in Bengal. The Tata steel plant in Maharashtra and the Swadeshi steam navigation company in Tamil Nadu was established.
Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period massive participation of women, laborers and students were another remarkable feature of this movement. Washer men took a vow that they would not wash foreign clothes. The priests swore that they would not perform rituals and prayers using foreign items. Women boycotted foreign bangles and utensils. Students quit school to take part in the movements.
Question 8.
Arrange its following table appropriately.
| A | B |
| Dadabhai Naoroji | Barrackpore |
| Thantia Thopi | Kurichya Revolt |
| Mangal Pande | Kanpur |
| Rama Nambi | Drain Theory |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Dadabhai Naoroji | Drain Theory |
| Thantia Thopi | Kanpur |
| Mangal Pande | Barrackpore |
| Rama Nambi | Kurichya Revolt |
Question 1.
What were the revenue systems implemented by the British in various parts of India?
Answer:
Question 2.
Revenue systems implemented by the British broke the back bone of the Indian farmers. Evaluate the statement based on Permanent land revenue settlement implemented by the British.
Answer:
Question 3.
What was the major difference of the Ryotwari system from the Permanent land revenue settlement?
Answer:
In Ryotwari system, the land revenue was collected directly from the farmers. Ownership of land was vested with the farmers.
Question 4.
How did the Mahalwari system differ from Ryotwari system.
Answer:
Question 5.
Although there are certain differences in the ownership of land and the collection of land revenue, certain similarities can also be found in the land revenue system implemented by the British. Substantiate.
Answer:
Question 6.
Evaluate how the revenue system implemented by the British adversely affected the agricultural sector.
Answer:
Tax was to be paid in cash. So often peasants had to take loans from money lenders at a high rate of interest. Farmers got money from money lenders by mortgaging land. Moneylenders seized the mortgaged agricultural land of farmers, who couldn’t repay the loan.
Question 7.
Evaluate the circumstances that forced Indian farmers to cultivate cash crops.
Answer:
Question 8.
What was the name of the revenue system implemented by the British in the regions of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa?
Answer:
Permanent land revenue settlement.
Question 9.
What was the name of the revenue system implemented by the British in South India?
Answer:
Ryotwari system.
Question 10.
What was the name of the revenue system implemented by the British in the North western region.
Answer:
Mahalwari system.
Question 11.
Revenue systems implemented by the British in India and its features are given below in table. Arrange them in proper order.
| Revenue Systems | Features |
| 1. Permanent settlement | a. Village headman collected the tax |
| 2. Ryotwari System | b. Zamindars collected the tax |
| 3. Mahalwari System | c. Tax was collected directly. |
Answer:
1 – b,
2 – c,
3 – a.
Question 12.
Certain commercial crops cultivated in India and its important centers of cultivation are given in table below. Arrange them in correct order.
| Crops Region | Crops Region |
| 1. Indigo | 1. Indigo |
| 2. Cotton | 2. Cotton |
| 3. Tea | 3. Tea |
| 4. Wheat | 4. Wheat |
| 5. Jute | 5. Jute |
| 6. Sugar cane | 6. Sugar cane |
Answer:
1- c,
2 – e,
3 – a,
4 – f,
5 – d,
6 – b.
Question 13.
What was the strategy used by the British to force Indian farmers to cultivate indigo?
Answer:
Indigo farmers were given money in advance.
Question 14.
Analyse the factors that led to the miseries of Indigo farmers in India.
Answer:
With the Industrial revolution textile industry gathered momentum in England. The demand for indigo increased. British merchants were ready to give money in advance to farmers in order to encourage the cultivation of Indigo.
Farmers succumbed to the temptation of the British and were liable to plant indigo in a fixed portion of the land. So the land used for the cultivation of food crops had to be set a part for indigo plantations. But in the harvest season, the farmers received only a lower price for indigo.
With the invention of artificial indigo, demand for natural indigo reduced. This made the plight of the farmers more miserable for they had used much of their land for indigo cultivation.
Question 15.
Why is the peasant revolts in the British Malabar region considered as Mappila revolt?
Answer:
Most of the tenants in Malabar were Mappilas (Muslims in Malabar). So peasant revolts in Malabar were known as Mappila revolt.
Question 16.
Which was the commission appointed by the British government to study recurring peasant revolts in Malabar.
Answer:
William Logan Commission.
17. What was the reason found out by the William Logan Commission for the peasant revolt in Malabar?
Answer:
Unfair land revenue system of the British.
Question 18.
“The tribal people also became the victims of the British rule”. Do you agree with the statement. Explain the reasons.
Answer:
The Forest laws implemented by the British made their life miserable. The British imposed restriction on tribals to collect forest products and enter into the protected forest. Imposed high taxes on forest products collected by the tribals.
Question 19.
Evaluate the circumstances that led to the kurichyas and Kurumbas of Wayanad to turn against the British.
Answer:
Question 20.
Analyse the circumstances that led to the deterioration of textile industry which was one of the important traditional industries in India.
Answer:
Question 21.
Evaluate the circumstances that led to the deterioration of village industries like pottery, tannery, carpentry etc.
Answer:
Question 22.
The British Industrialists exploited Indian laborers. Examine the validity of this statement.
Answer:
Question 23.
What were the early labour strikes in India against the exploitation of British Industrialists.
Answer:
Question 24.
Analyse the circumstances that led the British Indian soldiers to the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:
Question 25.
What was the important strategy used by the company to annex the princely states into the British empire.
Answer:
The Doctrine of Lapse.
Question 26.
The first war of Indian independence in 1857 was entirely different from the early resistance movements held in India so far. Evaluate the validity of the statement.
Answer:
Question 27.
Name of the leaders and centers of the first war of Indian independence in 1857 are given in table below. Arrange them in appropriate order.
| Centres of the Revolt | Leaders |
| 1. Delhi | a. Begum Hazret Mahal |
| 2. Lucknow | b. Maulavi Ahammedulah |
| 3. Kanpur | c. Bahadur Shah II |
| 4. Faizabad | d. Nana Saheb |
Answer:
1 – c,
2 – a,
3 – d,
4 – b.
Question 28.
What are the methods by which the wealth of India drained to Britain according to the drain theory of Dadabai Naoroji.
Answer:
Question 29.
What was the idea put forward by leaders to prevent the drain of India’s wealth?
Answer:
Swadeshi.
Question 30.
What was the major strategy adopted in the agitation against the partition of Bengal in 1905.
Answer:
Boycott of foreign goods.
Question 31.
The use of swadeshi goods and boycott of foreign goods rejuvenated Indian Industry. Substantiate.
Answer:
A number of textile mills, soap factories, match box companies, national banks and insurance companies were established. The Bengali Chemical store, the Tata Steel Plant in Maharashtra and Swadeshi Steam navigation company in Tamil Nadu etc. started during swadeshi movements. Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period.
Question 1.
Find out the region where the permanent land revenue system was not implemented from given below?
a. Bengal.
b. Bihar.
c. Orissa.
d. Kerala.
Answer:
Kerala.
Question 2.
Swaraj is better than the best form of foreign rule.”. Whose opinion is this ?
Answer:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Question 3.
In which year was Indian National Congress formed ?
Answer:
1885
Question 4.
Write the name of the book of Dadabhai Naoroji in which the ‘Drain Theory’ is included.
Answer:
Poverty and Un British rule in India
Question 5.
What was the reason behind the division of Eastern Bengal and Western Bengal?
Answer:
Bengal was the center of nationalist movements at that time. The Hindu Muslim Unity in Bengal strengthened such movements. To destroy such unity, separate people on the basis of religion was focused by the British to divide Bengal.
Question 6.
Was the 1st war of Independence a failure? Did it motivate for the succeeding revolt?
Answer:
The 1st war of Independence was a failure but it helped in generating nationalism. The suppression of rulers brought hatred among the Indians. It was able to motivate and create a sense of cooperation for the succeeding revolts.
Question 7.
Besides the Santhal and Kurichya Revolts several other insurgencies broke out in different parts of India. Write the important revolts among them.
Answer:
Question 8.
What were the measures taken by the British Government against poverty?
Answer:
The British government did not take any measures for the upliftment of the people. Starve and die was the fate of the people.
Question 9.
Why did the British compel the farmers to produce crops instead of food products?
Answer:
Raw materials were needed for the British industrial growth. So the farmers were compelled to cultivate crops according to the market needs. Commercialization resulted in many problems and the most important was the scarcity of food.
Question 10.
Find out the difference in the Indigo Revolts and other revolts?
Answer:
The Indigo cultivation led the Indian farmers to misery. The British forced them to make the products at a low rate. When the cost of land in Europe was decreased, the condition of Indian farmers became miserable. They showed their protest by standing against cultivation. The farmers in Bengal protested against the land lords. But other protests were against the British Government.
Question 11.
What was the common aspect in Peasant Revolts?
Answer:
The reasons of peasant revolts were the heavy tax imposed by them and the suppression in the British rule. Most of the peasant revolts were for the people.
Question 12.
What were the reason for poverty?
Answer:
India was economically high in the field of agriculture. But with the entry of British, exploitation and suppression became strong and India turned to misery. The commercialization of agriculture resulted in scarcity of food. Jute, cotton and Indigo increased and traditional products lost its market. Indigo cultivation in the wheat field brought the farmers of Orissa and Bengal into misery.
Question 13.
How did the misery affect the peasants? What were the other happenings in Bengal?
Answer:
The British rule made the life of peasants in trouble. Farmers who borrowed money for high interests were compelled to leave the fields. Merchants of Bengal closed their shops. Weavers lost their job. Cattle were sold. Tools for agriculture were sold. They ate whatever they got. Many were dead. Fever, Plague and other epidemics spread all over. Many lost their lives in Bengal and Bihar.
Question 14.
Prepare a news paper report on Bengal Famine.
Answer:
Indians on Hunger
Calcutta:
People in Orissa, Bengal, Bihar, and Madras are dying in starvation. They struggle with out food to feed once a day. The British is responsible for it. People die due to the hunger and starvation. Schools and markets remain closed. Epidemics like plague spreads everywhere. Even infants are lost every day. But no measures are taken from the part of government to fight the trouble.
Question 15.
What were the reflections of the decline of the textile industry in India.
Answer:
The immediate reflection of the decline of the textile industry was found in urban areas. The textile centers like Murshidabad and Dhaka that were thickly populated once, became least inhabited. The people who had been working in textile industry migrated to villages and engaged in agriculture related works.
As a result, the number of people who engaged in agriculture to earn a living, increased. It fragmented the agricultural fields and the production became stagnant.
Question 16.
What were the common reasons for the revolt of 1857 and regional revolts which happened before 1857?
Answer:
Common reasons were there for the revolt of 1857 and other regional revolts. The revenue policies and heavy taxes of the British were one which made the Indians stay against the British. The military officials who served under English East India company their small land owners.
British took over the rule of Kings. They decided to bring them under their control. They also thought to bring the militants under the expense of kings. After signing the militant force, they lost their rights. The life of the people were in misery.
The temporary policies of Travancore made Veluthampi Dalava and British to revolt. Changes were brought in the British rule in India after 1857. British parliament took the control of India from English East India Company. The miseries were after 1857. Starvation and death were the ultimate results.
Question 17.
a. How did the Indian textiles lose the British market ?
b. Why did the weavers in India search for other jobs?
Answer:
a. Due to the higher tax levied the price of Indian textiles exported to Britain increased. So the Indian textiles lost the British market.
b. The British officers forced the weavers to work at meagre wages and to exchange the products to them at cheaper rate. Weavers gave, up their work due too the exploitation and fortune of the British officers. So they searched for other jobs.
Question 18.
What were the reflections of the decline of the textile industry in India ?
Answer:
The immediate reflection of the decline of the textile industry was found in urban areas. The textile centers like Murshidabad and Dhaka that were thickly populated once, became least inhabited. The people, who had been working in textile industry, migrated to villages and engaged in agriculture relayed works. As a result, the number of people, who engaged in agriculture to earn a living, increased. It fragmented the agricultural fields and the productions became stagnant.
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Question 1.
Identify the type of remote sensing which each of the above photograph fig 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 in your T.B. might have been captured.
Answer:
A. Terrestrial photography
B. Aerial photography
C. Satellite Remote Sensing
Question 2.
What change does the satellite image exhibit as its spatial resolution decreases?
Answer:
As the spatial resolution decreases the clenty of the image reduces.
Geographic Information System(GIS):
The software used for preparing maps with the help of data collected through remote sensing and other methods of survey for various purposes is called GIS. The latitudinal and longitudinal position of an object is called spatial data and the features of the object is called attributes.
Question 3.
Find out the latitude and longitude of your house using the software Wiki mafia.
Answer:
Wiki mafia is a software that will help us to locate a place. For example, of you house is in Thrissuryour house will be 10.5276°N, 76.2144°E, of it is in Trivandrum city 8.5241 °N, 76.9366°E of it is in Kannur 11,8745°N, 75.3704°E.
Satellite-based Navigation System:
Nowadays, satellite-based tracking system are used for monitoring the location and movement of objects on the earth’s surface Global positioning system helps sensing the latitudinal and longitudinal locations and elevation of objects. In this system, 24 satellites are placed at six different orbits at differ¬ent attitudes.
Question 4.
List the other potentials of GPS.
Answer:
GPS has significant role in the present-day world from tracking not work analysis etc.
Question 5.
Explain the history of remote sensing.
Answer:
Our ancestors made map after collecting information about the surface of the earth and survey of earth’s surface which lasted for a long time. Aerial photography which developed later made map-making quite easy. Satellite remote sensing and geographical information systems which developed in the 1960s as a result of the progress in science and technology paved the way for map-making efficient and fast.
Question 6.
What do you mean by remote sensing?
Answer:
Remote sensing is the method of collecting information about an object with the help of distantly placed sensors without touching
Question 7.
What are sensors? Write examples.
Answer:
Sensors are instruments used for collecting infor¬mation through remote sensing.
Eg. Camera, Scanners
Question 8.
What is the difference between scanner and . camera?
Answer:
Question 9.
Distinguish between active remote sensing and passive remote sensing.
Answer:
Question 10.
What are the advantages of aerial remote sensing?
Answer:
Question 11.
Identify from the pictures, the platforms used to collect information. Also, write the name of sensors placed in these.
Answer:
Question 12.
How is remote sensing divided based on the plat¬form used? Explain.
Answer:
Based on the type of platform used, remote sensing is divided into three:
(i) Terrestrial photography
(ii) Aerial remote sensing
(iii) Satellite remote sensing
Question 13.
Point out the uses of remote sensing.
Answer:
1. Understanding land use
2. Exploring the oceans
3. Oil exploration
4. Collecting details about places
5. Finding out drought and flood-affected areas
Question 14.
Name the 2 types of satellites in satellite remote sensing.
Answer:
1. Geostationary satellites
2. Sun-synchronous satellites
Question 15.
Examine the features of Geostationary satellites.
Answer:
Question 16.
Point out the features of sun-synchronous satellites.
Answer:
Question 17.
Point out the uses of overlay analysis.
Answer:
Know changes in the extent of crops.
Know change in land use pattern.
Know changes in the agricultural crops.
Question 18.
Distinguish between stereo pair and stereoscope.
Answer:
Stereo pair is two aerial photographs of adjoining areas. Whereas the instruments used for obtaining a three-dimensional view from the stereo pairs is called stereoscope.
Question 19.
Though Aerial remote sensing has many advantages it has got several limitations. What are those limitation?
Answer:
Question 20.
What are the difference between India’s satellites INSATandIRS?
Answer:
INSAT satellites are geostationary satellites. On the other hand, IRS are sun-synchronous satellites.
Question 21.
Why are geostationary satellites known by that name? What are its uses?
Answer:
Geostationary satellites are those that orbit the earth with the same orbital velocity and direction as that of the earth. Since they move according to the or¬bital movement of the earth, they always face the same region of the earth. So they are known by this name.
Uses:
Question 22.
What is spectral signature? Write the reason for difference in the amount of spectral signature.
Answer:
Question 23.
What is spatial resolution? How does it influence the study of the surface of the earth?
Answer:
Question 24.
What do you mean by Geographic information systems?
Answer:
Geographic information system is a software that stores, updates, retrieves and analyses spatial data and their peculiarities.
Question 25.
Complete the list of possibilities of GIS.
1. Display the maps
2. …………………
3. …………………
4. …………………
Answer:
1. Display the maps
2. Renew/update the maps
3. Make new maps
4. Analyze the collected data and to make tables and graphs.
Question 26.
What is the importance of preparing layers in GIS? Write an example.
Answer:
With the help of GIS software, spatial data can be stored as different layers. When the features of the surface of the earth are made as layers, we can separate the data that we need to make tables and maps easily.
Example: Using QGIS, a GIS software, different data about India are made into separate layers. Different layers to show the states in India, natural resources, mountains, cotton cultivated regions and jute cultivated regions are made. Maps obtained as different layers in this manner can be used for different analyses.
Question 27.
Explain the three possibilities of GIS.
Answer:
The three possibilities of GIS are explained below.
Overlay analysis:
Overlay analysis is used for understanding the mutual relationship between and the changes undergone by the various features on the earth’s surface. For example, using maps showing the states of India and the cotton cultivated regions, we can find out the states where cotton is cultivated, using overlay analysis. This analysis also helps to find out the changes in the extent of crops and land use patterns.
Buffer analysis:
In buffer analysts, a circular region is created around a point or corridor like region around a linear feature. For example, if the width of an existing road is increased by 10 m, we can find out the number of houses to be acquired, using buffer analysis.
Network analysis:
Linear features such as roads, rivers, and railway lines are subjected to network analysis. Using this, we can find the nearest road to reach a place, less congested roads, roads without toll and hospitals, hotels and petrol pumps along the road.
Question 28.
The instrument used to obtain the three-dimensional view of aerial photographs is …………..
Answer:
Stereoscope
Question 29.
Which is more suitable for repeated earth observations?
Answer:
Question 30.
The geostationary satellites of India are included in the series of
1. INSAT
2. IRS
3. Challenger
Answer:
1. INSAT
Question 31.
Compete the Chart.
Answer:
Question 32.
Point out the advantages of Aerial remote sensing.
Answer:
Question 33.
Identify the advantages of overlap in aerial photo-graphs
Answer:
Question 34.
Match the following.
| A | B |
| GPS | Russia |
| IRNSS | USA |
| GLONASS | India |
Answer:
| A | B |
| GPS | USA |
| IRNSS | India |
| GLONASS | Russia |
Question 35.
List the institutions that use remote sensing in Kerala.
Answer:
Let Us Assess
Question 36.
Compare active remote sensing and passive remote sensing.
Answer:
On the basis of sources of energy or light, remote sensing can be divided into two such as
(i) Active remote sensing –
(ii) Passive remote sensing
Question 37.
What is advantage of overlap in aerial photography?
Answer:
Each aerial photograph covers about 60 percent area of the adjacent photographs also. This is called overlap of aerial photographs.
Its advantages are:
Question 38.
Write the uses of remote sensing technology
Answer:
Question 39.
What is the benefit of using layers in GIS?
Answer:
With the help of GIS software, spatial data can be stored as different layers. From these, we can make maps, graphs, and tables for our specific needs.
Question 40.
Describe the features of geostationary satellite and sun-synchronous satellites.
Answer:
Geostationary satellites:
Sun-synchronous satellites:
Question 41.
Analyze the analytical capabilities of overlay analysis.
Answer:
Used for understanding the mutual relationships between and the changes undergone by the various features on the earth’s surface.
Question 42. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Identify the types of remote sensing to which the following statements are related.
1. Remote sensing with the help of solar energy
2. Remote sensing with the help of an artificial source of energy
Answer:
1. Passive Remote sensing
2. Active Remote sensing
Question 43. (Qn.Pool-2017)
How are balloons, aircraft, and satellites related to remote sensing? What is the common name by which these are known?
Answer:
Question 44. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Classify remote sensing based on platforms
Answer:
Question 45. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Each aerial photograph captures nearly 60% of the area included in the adjacent photographs. What is the significance in doing so? Mention the name by which this is known?
Answer:
Question 46. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Which is the instrument used to get three-dimensional view from aerial photographs?
Answer:
Stereoscope
Question 47. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Explain in setting three-dimensional view from aerial photos.
Answer:
Question 48. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Write the name of a pair of aerial photos with over-lap.
Answer:
Stereo pair
Question 49. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Aerial remote sensing has some demerits along with its merits. List out the demerits.
Answer:
Question 50. (Qn.Pool-2017)
A. Can obtain continuous data of a place.
B. Satellite travels with the same speed of rotation of earth.
Choose the appropriate option after reading the above statements regarding remote sensing.
1. A & B are different statements..
2. B is the reason for A
3. A is the reason for B
4. Both the statements are related to sun synchronous satellites.
Answer:
B is the reason for A
Question 51. (Qn.Pool-2017)
INSAT and IRS are two series of satellites launched by India. Which among these are geostationary satellites? Distinguish between sun-synchronous and geostationary satellites.
Answer:
| Geo Stationary Satellites | Sun-Synchronous Satellites |
| 1. Orbits at an altitude of about 36000 km from the earth. | 1. The attitude of the orbit less than 1000 km from the earth |
| 2. Travels in the same speed of rotation of earth | 2. Polar-orbiting |
| 3. Field of view is extensive | 3. Comparatively less field of view |
| 4. Used for telecommunication and weather studies | 4. Used in remote sensing |
Question 52.
(Qn.Pool -2017)
Two types of satellites are utilized for communication purposes and land use studies. Identify them and compare their characteristics.
Answer:
Geostationary satellites:
Sun-Synchronous Satellites:
Question 53 (Qn.Pool-2017)
Lists the sectors where the remote sensing technology is used. Classify the sector you have listed on the basis of the types of satellites made use of.
Answer:
Geostationary satellites:
Sun-Synchronous Satellites:
Question 54. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Two types of data are essential for analysis in GIS. Name them.
Answer:
Question 55. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Both spatial data and attributes are essential for analysis in GIS. Write any four attributes regarding your school.
Answer:
Question 56. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Identify the wrong statement and make correction.
a) Spatial information regarding the earth’s surface are converted into layers for analysis of Gis.
b) Analysis of surface features of the earth is possible in Gis.
c) Along with spatial data, attributes are also essential for analysis in GIS
d) The linear features such as road, railway, rivers, etc. are used in buffer analysis.
Answer:
etc. are used in network analysis.
Question 57. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Which type of analysis in GIS can be used for identifying the roads with least traffic as part of town planning?
Answer:
Network analysis
Question 58. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Identify the type of analysis in GIS used for study¬ing the relationship between different spatial information of an area.
Answer:
Overlay analysis
Question 59. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Name the technology which helps in generating visual models of future phenomena and processes. Write any four uses of this technology.
Answer:
Question 60. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Name the system which helps in sensing the latitudinal and longitudinal location and elevation of ob-jects on the earth’s surface with corresponding time.
Answer:
Global Positioning System (GPS).
Question 61. (Qn.Pool – 2017)
Stereoscope is much useful in the study of satellite imagery. Is the statement correct? Substantiate your answer.
Answer:
Question 62. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Due to a severe sea erosion, an extensive coastal stretch destructed and a lot of people lost their habitats. Government decided to estimate the extent of land area destructed and to identify the real land-owners using GIS. Which are the analytical capabilities in GIS made use of for each purpose? Explain them.
Answer:
Question 63. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Which among the following is the most suitable method for understanding the seasonal growth rate of crops in an extensive agricultural land?
a) Field survey
b) Geographic Information System
c) Satellite remote
d) Aerial remote sensing sensing
Answer:
c) Satellite remote sensing
Question 64. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Fill in the column A, B, and C based on the given hints.
| A | B | C |
| INSAT | ||
| Sun-synchronous satellite | ||
| Overlap | ||
| Computer |
1. Weather studies.
2. Geostationary satellite
3. Resource mapping
4. Buffer analysis
5. Aerial remote sensing
6. Stereoscope
7. Geographic Information System
8. IRS
Answer:
| A | B | C |
| INSAT | Weather studies | Geostationary. satellite |
| IRS | Resource mapping | Sun-synchronous satellite |
| Stereoscope | Overlap | Aerial remote sensing |
| Computer | Geographic Information System | Buffer analysis |
Question 65. (Qn.Pool-2017)
The continuous numbers of a series of aerial photographs are given.
62 63 64 65 66
a) Can we call the photographs 62 and 66 together as a stereo pair? Why?
b) Which are the pairs of photographs 64?
Answer:
a) Not stereo pair
Two adjacent photographs with overlap is the stereo pair
b) 63, 65
Question 66. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Identify the criterion used for the classification of remote sensing
1. Sensors
2. Platform
3. Use
4. Size of the picture obtained
Answer:
2. Platform
Question 67. (Qn.Pool-2017)
What is the significance of overlap in aerial remote sensing?
Answer:
1. Overlap – definition
2. It’s importance
Question 68. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Explains the importance of overlap in aerial photo-graphs
Identify the pictures and write notes on each of them.
Answer:
1. i) Overlap
ii) Stereo pair
iii) Stereoscope
2. i) Each aerial photograph includes about 60% of the adjacent photograph
ii) Two adjacent aerial photos with overlap – stereo pair
iii) Stereoscope is the instruments to get three-dimensional view from stereo pair
Question 69. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
a) List any three limitations of aerial remote sensing
b) Name the new technology developed to overcome the limitations
Answer:
a) Requires open space The shaking of aircraft may affect the quality of the photograph
Extensive areas cannot be photographed (Any other valid points can be considered)
b) Satellite remote sensing
Question 70. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Compare the geostationary and sun-synchronous satellites based on the given hints.
1. Altitude (Height)
2. Revolution
3. Use
Answer:
1. Altitude
Geostationary – 36000 km
Sun-synchronous – 800-950 km
2. Revolution
Geostationary: with the speed of rotation of earth Sun-synchronous: Polar-orbiting
3. Use
Geostationary: Climate studies, telecommunication
Sun-synchronous: Remote sensing
Question 71. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Which technology can be used to understand the extent of agricultural crops and pest attack?
Answer:
1. Satellite remote sending
2. i) Spread of forest fire
ii) To detect natural calamities
iii) Landuse studies
iv) Resources mapping (Any 3)
Question 72. (Qn. Pool – 2017)
Complete the table with correct information
| Technology | Platform | Sensor | Peculiarity |
| Terrestrial photography | |||
| Aerial remote sensing | |||
| Satellite remote sensing |
Answer:
a) Surface of the earth-camera-covers small areas
b) Aircraft/Balloon-Camera-covers extensive area
c) Satellite – Scanner-Cover very large aerial extent.
Question 73. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Rearrange the columns B and C suitable to those in column A.
| A | B | C |
| Spectral signature | Polar-orbiting | Sensor |
| Spatial resolution | Reflection of electromagnetic radiation | INSAT |
| Sun-synchronous satellite | Moves along with the rotation of earth | Physical property of objects |
| Geostationary | Detects the | IRS |
Answer:
Question 74. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Complete the diagram related to the uses of satellite.
Answer:
Question 75. (Qn.Pool-2017)
Classify the following as spatial and attributes
1. Silent valley
2. Kerala
3. Population
4. Vegetation
5. Lakshadweep
6. Area of land
Answer:
i) Spatial Data : Silent Valley, Kerala, Lakshadweep
ii) Attributs: Population, Vegetation, Area of land
Question 76.
(Qn.Pool-2017)
One of the uses of DIS is given. List any 3 more uses
1. Theme based studies
2. ………………………….
3. ………………………….
4. ………………………….
Answer:
2. Analaysis the spatial relationship of surface features.
3.Represent geographical features spatially
4. Update and incorporate data easily and with less expense
(include other valid points also)
Question 77. (Qn.Pool-2017)
It is decided to construct a water reservoir Lakshmipuram panchayat. A suitable place is to be identified for the same. Is it possible by making use of the below-mentioned layers? Which analytical capability in GIS can be used here? How?
Layer 1 — Physiography
Layer 2 — Waterbodies
Layer 3 — Settlements
Layer 4 — Land use
Answer:
1. Yes
2. Overlay analysis
3. Explain overlay analysis
Question 78. (Qn.Pool-2017)
The water level in the reservoirs rose beyond the limits. The authorities decided to raise the shutters to discharge the water to the river.
a) Which analytical capability in GIS can be used to assess the possible area which may get flooded by the river?
b) Suggest another case where this analytical capability can be utilized?
Answer:
a) Buffer analysis
b) Site an example where buffer analysis can be used
(Road construction, railway development)
Question 79. (Qn.Pool – 2017)
Can the network analysis in GIS be made for conducting a study tour from the school? What all requirements in study tour can be satisfied through the capabilities of GIS analysis? List any three.
Answer:
State that network analysis is possible by giving any three examples (Eg: To find suitable place to visit, to find the suitable routes to reach there )
Question 80. (Qn.Pool-2017)
The school social science club decided to prepare a plan of the school to be submitted to the panchayat. Which too can be used for detecting the latitudinal position?
Answer:
GPS
Question 81. (Orukkam – 2017)
Classify the remote sensing based on the source of energy and prepare a flow chart to represent them
Answer:
Question 82. (Orukkam – 2017)
Observe the pictures 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 in the Chap¬ter and find out the platforms on which the cameras are supposed to be fixed while taking the pictures.
Pictures 6.2 from the surface of the earth or from a higher elevation
Picture 6.3 …………………….
Picture 6.4 …………………….
Answer:
6.3 From cameras mounted on balloons or aircraft
6.4 From the Sensors mounted satellites
Question 83. (Orukkam – 2017)
Classify the remote sensing and complete the flow chart appropriately.
Answer:
i) From ground or higher elevation
ii) From balloons or aircraft
iii) From sensors lifted on satellites
Question 84. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out the major characteristic features of aerial remote sensing
1. Camera is fixed on balloons or aircraft
Answer:
1. Used to gather clear information about comparatively smaller areas.
2. Continues pictures of the areas along the path of the aircraft are made available.
Question 85. (Orukkam – 2017)
Observe the picture 6.5 and 6.6 in the chapter and explain the following terms
1. Overlap
2. Stereo pair
3. Stereoscope
Answer:
1. Overlap: For ensuring continuity and to obtain dimensional vision nearly 60% of the places
2. Stereo pair: Two adjacent frames in air photography is called a stereo pair
3. Stereoscope: The instrument that provides three-dimensional views from stereo pair is called Ste-reoscope.
Question 86. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out the limitation of aerial remote sensing
1. The shaking of aircraft affects the quality of photos
2. …………………………
Answer:
Question 87. (Orukkam – 2017)
Suppose the given below are some aerial photographs. Then find out the stereo pairs from them.
1 2 3 4
Answer:
1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4
Question 88.
(Orukkam-2017)
Write the appropriate terms in columns in accordance with the indications given below.
1) The amount of energy reflected by the objects is
2) The data collected by the scanners are transformed into images, such images are called.
3) The size of the smallest object on the earth that can be recognized by the sensor is
Answer:
1) Spectral signature
2) Satellite imaginary
3) Spatial resolution
Question 89. (Orukkam-2017)
List out the uses of remote sensing
Answer:
Question 90. (Orukkam – 2017)
The spatial resolution of three sensors are given below, arrange them based on spatial resolution (from higher to lower)
A. 70 meters
B. 25 meters
C. 5 meters
Answer:
C, B, A
Question 91. (Orukkam – 2017)
List out two kinds of data which are necessary for data analysis in GIS
Answer:
Spatial data, Attributes
Question 92. (Orukkam – 2017)
The surface features of the earth can be analyzed by GIS in various ways according to the requirements. Find out the major analytical capabilities of GIS and list them accordingly.
Answer:
Question 93. (Orukkam-2017)
List out the uses of GPS
Answer:
1. Helps in sensing the latitudinal and longitudinal location, elevation of objects on the earth surface
2. For navigation purpose
3. For tracking
Question 94. (Orukkam – 2017)
Prepare a brief note on Global Positioning System
Answer:
Global positioning system helps sensing the latitudinal and longitudinal location and elevation of objects – on the earth. Surface along with the corresponding time. This is made possible with the help of 24 satellites placed at 6 different which between the attitudes 2000 km to 20200 km above the earth’s surface are located with the help of the signals.
Question 95. (Orukkam-2017)
Discuss GIS and prepare a note on it based on the indications given below Indications
1. The characteristic features of GIS
2. The two types of data required for GIS
3. Analystical capabilities of GIS
4. Uses of GIS
Answer:
The software used for incorporating more details in the maps and analyzing them for various purposes is known as information systems. (GIS) Two kinds of data required for it are the latitudinal and longitudinal position of the object which is known spatial data and the features of the object known as attributes. The GIS is used for network buffers and overlay analysis. GIS is used for compiling data from different sources to update and incorporate data to conduct them studies and to represent geographic features spatially.
Question 1.
Elucidate stereo pair and stereoscope.
Answer:
Two adjoining aerial photographs with overlap is called a stereo pair. The instrument which is used to obtain three dimensional view from the stereo pairs is called a stereoscope.
Question 2.
Give an example for a geostationary satellite launched by India.
Answer:
Satellite belonging to INSAT series.
Question 3.
Give an example for a sun-synchronous satellite .aunched by India.
Answer:
Satellites belonging to IRS and Land Sat Series.
Question 4.
Elucidate what satellite imageries are?
Answer:
The sensors on artificial satellites distinguish objects on the earth’s surface based on their spectral signature and transmit the information in digital for¬mat to the terrestrial stations. This is interpreted by the computers and converted into picture formats. These are called satellite imageries.
Question 5.
Identify the analytical capabilities that can be used to identify the following geographical features.
Answer:
a. Used for understanding the changes in the area of crops, the changes in land use, etc.
b. To identify the geographical features surrounding a point or along a linear feature.
c. To find out the easiest and less congested roads from one place to another.
1. Overlay Analysis
2. Buffer Analysis
3. network analysis
Question 6.
Information from how many satellites are required to display the information like latitude, longitude, elevation, time, etc.
Answer:
Information from at least 4 satellites.
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