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Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 4 Chapter 3 The Wreck of the Titanic Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook The Wreck of the Titanic Questions and Answers Unit 4 Chapter 3 (Poem)

Activity -1 (Read and respond)

Question 1.
Why was the Titanic called ‘a poem of iron and steel’?
Answer:
The Titanic called ‘a poem of iron and steel’ because it was grand and beautiful like a poem.

Question 2.
What was the feeling of the people on board when they started the journey?
Answer:
The people on board felt that they were very safe and they would not meet any danger.

Question 3.
What was the ‘ominous form ’ that loomed out of the darkness?
Answer:
The ‘ominous form’ that loomed out of the darkness was the huge iceberg that would collide with the Titanic and break it up.

Question 4.
Why was Captain Smith, the commander of the ship called, ‘brave’?
Answer:
Captain Smith, the commander of the ship was called, ‘brave’ because for not even for one moment he thought of saving his life when he knew the ship was sinking. He stood on the bridge and told his crew that they were British and they should remember their country and should do their duty. They should save the passengers first.

Question 5.
Who got the top priority to be rescued from the sinking Titanic?
Answer:
Women and children got the top priority to be rescued from the sinking Titanic.

Question 6.
What was the only hope for the people of the sinking Titanic when the all boats sailed away?
Answer: When the all boats sailed away the only hope for the people of the sinking Titanic was ‘eternity’-the hope that they will go to heaven.

Question 7.
What were the bandsmen doing when the Titanic was sinking?
Answer:
When the Titanic was sinking, he bandsmen were playing the hymn ‘Nearer my God to Thee’. It shows how courageous they were even in the face of danger.

Question 8.
What was the ‘awfully grand’ scene, according to the poet?
Answer:
According to the poet the ‘awfully grand’ scene was the courage displayed by those who were left out in the sinking ship. One of them could have saved his life but he offered his place to his friend and willingly accepted death. Definitely that was ‘awfully grand’.

Question 9.
Why would the story of the Titanic be remembered always?
Answer:
The story of the Titanic would be remembered always because of two reasons. First, it was the greatest maritime tragedy ever occurred in world history. Second, the sacrifice one sailor made by sending another person in his place, accepting death voluntarily, will be remembered always. There is no sacrifice greater than giving up one’s life one’s friend.

Activity – II:

Question 10.
Have you heard/read about any such persons? Share your answers with your friends. The crew of the Titanic were real heroes because even in the face of death, they were duty-bound, upholding certain values and principles. Do you know any such person who has upheld moral values and principles, even in the moment of death?
Answer:
I have read about one such person. He is Sydney Carton in the novel ‘A Tale of Two Cities’ by Charles Dickens. In the end we see Sydney Carton willingly dying in place of Charles Darnay, who was the husband of Lucie Manette. Sydney Carton had loved Lucie before she married Charles. Charles was to be guillotined. Sydney, who had some resemblance to Charles, saves him from the prison and dies on his behalf.

Activity – III (Appreciation)

Question 11.
Read the poem more critically again, and think of it in terms of it theme, emotion, language and relevance. Add more points to each of the boxes given related to the theme, emotion, language and relevance of the poem.

Answer:
Theme: 1. Shipwreck, 2. Duty, 3. Sacrifice
Emotion: 1. Patriotism. 2. Love for one’s fellow-beings, 3. Pity
Language: 1. Simple, 2. Lucid (clear), 3. Conversational
Relevance: 1. Insights about crisis management,
2. The need for compassion,
3. Fortitude and heroism in times of crises.

Share your ideas with your friends in your group. Collect more views from them and enrich your understanding of the poem.

Based on your analysis, write a critical appreciation of the poem, ‘The Wreck of the Titanic’.

The poem The Wreck of Titanic’ by Benjamin Peck Keith is an excellent one. The poem tells how noble people could be even in times of danger. It talks about the sinking of the Titanic and brings out the best in men even in the most adverse circumstances threatening their lives.

From Southampton the Titanic starts her voyage. It was a beautiful and grand ship. She was a sea dream. Thousands of people standing on the shore watched her steaming away. She was the largest and the grandest of all the ships made until then. There were thousands of passengers in the ship. They felt very secure. Nobody thought of any danger, as the captain stood at the wheel. He was directing the course of the ship. The ship was speeding on her first voyage when suddenly, out of the darkness, in the night, a ghostly white, iceberg appeared. Soon it collided with the ship wrecking it. It soon began to sink and people knew it was sinking.

Captain Smith was the commander of the ship. He was brave. Not even for one moment he thought of saving his life. He stood on the bridge and told his crew that they were British and they should remember their country and shocfld do their duty. They decided to send the women and children in the lifeboats. The crew had no hope of saving themselves. The Titanic sank from sight, as the band played ‘Nearer my God to Thee’. There never was a scene grander or more tragic than this. The ship was sinking but the band was playing. All credit goes to Smith, the crew and the men of Titanic. Their bravery and courage will be remembered forever. They had showed such courage and nobility during the great tragedy.

The poem has different themes which include shipwreck, duty and sacrifice. It appeals to our emotions like patriotism, love for one’s fellow-beings and pity. The poet has used simple, lucid and conversational language. The poem is in rhyme and the rhyming scheme is aabb. It has a fine rhythm and it sounds melodious. It has fine imagery and the poet has used a number of figures of speeches, especially metaphor and personification. The poem has great relevance as it gives insights about crisis management, the need for compassion, fortitude and heroism in times of crises.

Activity – IV: (Newspaper report)

Question 12.
We know that newspaper reports are non- fictional. They give us factual information about an incident.

Study the features of a good newspaper report as given on below.

• Headline : Short and attention-grabbing.
• Byline : Usually written below the headline. It may carry the writer’s name.
• Paragraphs : Follow the inverted pyramid principle. The most important details come in the initial paragraphs.
• Quotes : It will be interesting and useful to quote the words of people involved in the incident.
• Facts and opinions : Try to add all the facts possible using the five W’s (who, what, why, where, when).
• Third Person : The report is written in the third person, as the reporter is retelling the incident without being involved in it.

Work in groups and Till up the table given below:

Answer:
Features – Details
Headline – The Titanic Sinks – 1500 passenger feared dead
Byline Paragraphs Broad outline of Each paragraph – Report by Rahul Binoy five
a. Start of the voyage, number of passengers, a description of the ship.
b. How happy and confident the people were
c. The iceberg hitting the ship and wrecking it; it begins to sink.
d. The heroic captain and the crew deciding to evacuate passengers, the band playing and the crew and male passengers going down.
e. The lesson to be learnt. Nobility and heroism of people.
Survivor’s opinion – “I have never seen anything more tragic and nobler in all my life.”

Question 13.
Use the clues in the table and prepare a newspaper report about the wreck of the Titanic.
Answer:
The Titanic Sinks, More Than 1500 People Dead
Southampton: 15 April 1912: The Titanic which began its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York collided with a huge iceberg and sank in the icy waters off Newfoundland. It was the biggest passenger ship ever made and it was supposed to be unsinkable. There were 2220 passengers and nearly 60 crew members. The captain was Mr. Smith. Since the ship was thought to be safe, it earned only a few lifeboats.

Captain Smith and the crew behaved gallantly. Instead rushing to safety, they allowed the passengers to go into the. lifeboats. They asked the women and children to enter the life boats first. More than 1500 people could not get to safety and they sank with the Titanic. What Captain Smith, the crew and the male passengers did was a heroic act. It will be remembered by the posterity. England has declared a day of mourning for the dead. The government has announced some financial relief to the relatives of the victims.

One survivor- Marianne Monroe – remarked: “”l have never seen anything more tragic and nobler in all my life.”

Activity – V (Pronunciation)

Find out how the following words are pronounced:
Sank = /saet]k/
Band = /baend/
Grand = /graend/

Question 14.
Which is the vowel sound used in these words?
Answer:
/ae/

Question 15.
How do you pronounce this sound?
Answer:
As the ‘a’ in man /maen/.

Question 16.
Do you have this vowel sound in your mother-tongue?
Answer:
No, we don’t.

Question 17.
Find out more words from the poem with this vowel sound:
Answer:
The words are: and, gigantic, as, captain, that, act, than.

The Wreck Of The Titanic About the Author:

– Benjamin Peck Keith

Benjamin Peck Keith (18561927): He was an American poet. The Wreck of the Titanic’ is one of his most famous poems.

The Wreck Of The Titanic Summary

Stanza 1:
From Southampton, the Titanic started her voyage. She was a poem of iron and steel. She was a sea dream. Thousands of people standing on the shore watched her steaming away. She was the largest and the grandest of all the ships made until then.

Stanza 2:
There were thousands on board. They felt very secure. Nobody thought of any danger, as the captain stood at the wheel. He was directing the course of the ship. This would be her (the ship’s) first and the last trip as she will never reach a port again.

Stanza 3:
She was the best shipman had made. She was speeding on her first voyage when suddenly, out of the darkness, in the night, a ghostly white form appeared.

Stanza 4:
It was a huge mountain of ice. Such a huge iceberg was never seen ^n the North Atlantic. It hit the ship, sending a shiver throughout the entire length of the ship. It soon began to sink and people knew it was sinking.

Stanza 5:
Captain Smith was the commander of the ship. He was brave. Not even for one moment, he thought of saving his life. He stood on the bridge and told his crew that they were British and they should remember their country and should do their duty.

Stanza 6:
England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales proved to the world that their courage never fails. They said that the women and children should go in the lifeboats. All the crew stood by and watched.

Stanza 7:
The lifeboats were lowered and the women and children were sent away to safety. The crew had no hope of saving themselves. The Titanic sank from sight, as the band played ‘Nearer my God to Thee’.

Stanza 8: Was there ever a scene gander than this? The ship was sinking but the band was playing. Al credit goes to Smith and the men of Titanic. Once again they bring to memory the heroes of Trafalgar. (There the Royal Navy of England fought against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies.)

Stanza 9:
It also brings to memory the thrilling story of the Alamo (The Texians defeated the Mexican Army, ending the revolution). It also brings to memory the battle of Waterloo (where Napoleon was defeated). It also reminds us of the charge of. The Light Brigade’ (the English forces fighting against the Russians in 1854) and also Jim Bludso’s courageous act (He was an engineer who died while saving the lives of the passengers on a boat named Prairie Bell sinking in the Mississippi river).

Stanza 10:
Along with all these stories of bravery and courage, the story of the crew of Titanic will be remembered forever. They had showed such courage and nobility during that great tragedy.

The Wreck Of The Titanic Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 4 Chapter 2 The Serang of Ranaganji Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook The Serang of Ranaganji Questions and Answers Unit 4 Chapter 2 (Short Story)

The Serang of Ranaganji Textual Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What was notable about the appearance of the Indian sprang?
Answer:
He was squat and looked very ugly. He was with short legs and a large disproportionate head.

Question 2.
Who were the passengers were on the Ranaganji?
Answer:
The passengers were on the Ranaganji were tourists and pleasure seekers.

Question 3.
Who was Miss Jope-Smith? Write a short character sketch.
Answer:
Miss Jope-Smith was a passenger on the Ranaganji. She was a thrusting person. She was over thirty but she dressed herself smartly and in a dashing style to look younger. She was a first class passenger on the Ranaganji. She was always seen with her male companion Ronnie. She was a snob and a big bore. Her comment aboutjhe serang was ‘an absurdly comic creature’. When, aTthe end of the story, she asks the narrator whether he had kept the serang in a cage, the narrator gave her a befitting reply. He said that he had kept the serang in a cage but all the animals were outside. He meant that she was an animal with her rude remark about people and her showing off nature.

Question 4.
What was the condition of the seamen who were brought by the serang to Dr Cronin?
Answer:
The seamen did not look well. They complained of general illness, strong headache and severe bone pains. They looked frightened, as the doctor began to examine them. Both had fever. Theirtongueswere covered with thick sputum. They had dry skin, which is nature’s gravest warning. The doctor then discovered hard little nodules under the wrist skin of each man. It was the sure symptom of smallpox.

Question 5.
How did AJ Cronin conclude that the seamen were inflected with smallpox?
Answer:
AJ Cronin concluded that the seamen were inflected wi.th smallpox because he discovered hard little nodules under their wrist skin. It was the sure symptom of smallpox.

Question 6.
Describe Captain Hamble. What was his reaction when he heard about the breakout of smallpox on the ship?
Answer:
Captain Hamble was a thickset man of fifty five. He was known as a strict disciplinarian. When the doctor told him that two of the deckhands had small pox, Captain Hamble’s lips drew tightly together showing his tension. He was also a just and fair-minded officer. When he heard about the breakout of smallpox on the ship, he asked the doctor to do his best to keep the disease frorn spreading. He also wanted others not to know of the disease as passengers would then get panicky.

Question 7.
Where and how was the shelter for the infected patients made?
Answer:
The shelter for the infected patients was made in the back part of the ship where it wouldn’t be so visible to others. Hasan was the main person who made the shelter. In an hour he erected a large canvas shelter. Mattresses and sheets were then brought up and the two patients were placed there.

Question 8.
How did the serang take care of the diseased patients?
Answer:
The serang was very sincere and compassionate in caring for the diseased patients. It was a situation to test the strongest nerves. But the serang was calm and undisturbed. In attending the patients, he seemed untiring. The doctor had to beg him to be careful and asked him not to go too close to the patients. But the serang was not afraid and he continued taking care of the patients in all possible ways.

Question 9.
What information did Dr Cronin collect about the serang?
Answer:
Dr Cronin I gathered some information about the serang’s past history. His name was Hasan. He was from the Punjab. But his parents had moved into south India. There like many others in the coastal region he had taken to the sea-faring life. For nearly 40 years, he had been travelling in the various oceans of the world. In the Ranaganji he had spent 15 years. He had no place on shore; he had no friends or family. He had never married. He was a Muslim. All his life he had acquired nothing, neither money nor property. What he had was worth a few rupees and it was in the ship.

Question 10.
What was Hasan’s attitude to life, as explained to Cronin?
Answer:
Hasan thought money was of no use for someone who had all that he needed. He was quite happy with the way he was. He needed no extra money for his service. He had no respect for money and he despised it. He was never worried about tomorrow.

The Serang of Ranaganji Textual Activities Questions and Answers

Activity -1 (Think and Respond)

Question 1.
Do you agree with A.J. Cronin’s remark that ‘the animals were all outside.’ Why?
Answer:
I partly agree with A.J. Cronin’s remark that ‘the . animals were all outside.’ People like Miss Jope- Smith and her companion Ronnie were definitely animals. They could not see a man as a man but as an animal. I don’t think all the 1500 passengers and the crew outside were as bad as these two people. That is why I said I partly, and not wholly, agree.

Question 2.
Do you think that A.J. Cronin should have reported the selfless efforts of Hasan to the authorities and recommended him for rewards and promotion?
Answer:
In normal circumstances, I would say ‘yes’. But in the case of Hasan he is already happy with his life and his position. I don’t think any rewards and promotion would make him happier. His is a contented man and contentment can’t be got through rewards and promotion.

Question 3.
How is the world view of the passengers in general different from that of Hasan?
Answer:
The .passengers are mostly tourists and pleasure seekers. They find joy in partying and such things. They strive all their life for success and earning more wealth, as the doctor himself testifies. But for Hasan, happiness is service and he is contented. He is neither interested in parties nor in wealth or success.

Question 4.
“Why, naturally it is me.” These words show that Hasan is very ready to shoulder any responsibility happily. Comment on Hasan’s ability to volunteer at the time of an emergency.
Answer:
Smallpox is a deadly disease and it is very contagious. Nobody would like to go near a person afflicted with smallpox. Hasan is a serang and he is no way obliged to nurse the sick people. He could have easily said he would not take care of the sick, as it does not form part of his job obligations. But the moment the doctor asked who would help him the ready reply comes from Hasan. By volunteering to nurse the sick men, he was risking his life. It is not easy to find such good people in the world which strives for success and wealth. People like Hasan are very rare and such people will always come forward in case of any emergency.

Activity – II (Letter)

Question 5.
You know that A.J. Cronin, the physician of the ship is extremely impressed by the service of Hasan. Imagine that after the voyage, Cronin writes a letter to the director of the company which owns the ship Ranaganji, detailing the selfless service Hasan rendered during the voyage. He also requests the director to reward Hasan with a promotion in return for his service. Draft the letter which Cronin would write.
Answer:
Government Hospital
Lord Curson Lane
Calcutta
17 July 1940

The Director
Eastern Import Export Company
Strand
London

Dear Sir,
Sub: Hasan, the Serang on Ranaganji

Our last trip to Calcutta was quite eventful. Ranaganji had nearly 1500 passengers – mostly tourists and pleasure seekers. The voyage to Calcutta began favourably in calm, clear weather and we passed Aden without any incident. Now we were in the Arabian Sea.

To our dismay and horror we discovered that two of our lascar deck hands had small pox. When I reported the matterto the Captain, Mr. Hamble, he told me to keep the matter a secret as the news would spread panic among the passengers. I was quite worried and did not know what to do and how to cope with the problem. It was then I realized what a good man Hasan, our serang, was. He told me not to worry. He made a shelter in the stern of the ship into which the infected patients were moved. He volunteered to nurse them without worrying about his own safety. Later more workers were diagnosed with smallpox. In all we had 14 cases and Hassan took care of all of them without murmur and complaint. I was astonished at his selfless service and devotion.

Later two sick men died. Hasan sewed their shrouds and read loud a short passage from the Ramayana. We should know that he himself was a devout Muslim but he read the Ramayana because the persons who died were Hindus. It showed his religious tolerance. After that he cast the bodies overboard at midnight. When we reached Colombo the sick men were taken to the hospital. Hasan was in the forefront to help them, although some of them were with running sores of smallpox. Normally no one would dare to do such things. But Hasan did it. He really loved men.

It is difficult to find such unselfish and self-sacrificing people like Hasan. I strongly recommend that Hassan be given a promotion in recognition of his great services to the company. He should be made the Chief Petty Officer of Ranaganji.

I will talk to you more about the trip to Calcutta when I return to London.

With regards,

(A.J. Cronin)
Chief Physician of Ranaganji

Activity – III (Speech)

Question 6.
The Director of the Company receives a letter from A.J. Cronin. He is pleased with the service rendered by Hasan throughout the voyage. They arrange a special get-together of all the officials and crew of the ship. In that get-together, the Managing Director of the company announces that the company appreciates the service of Hasan and promotes him as the Chief Petty Officer of the ship. The Director invites Hasan to speak a few words on this occasion.
Answer:
Imagine that you are Hasan. What would be your reaction and feelings at this moment? Draft a speech that you would deliver on the occasion. My reaction would be that of gratitude to God and the company. Of course I will be happy on getting the promotion. When I am in a better position I will be able to give better service to people.

Dear Director, Dr. Cronin, respected officers and crew members, I am so happy to be given this kind of recognition by the Company and the officers. I don’t think I did anything great in serving the sick people in the ship.

Wasn’t it my duty to serve the suffering? Allah has given us this life to love and serve others. When we get a chance we should be able to of service to others.

I am a Muslim. But I believe we all are children of God. That is why I even read from the Ramayana some relevant part when I sewed the shroud for the dead people and wanted to cast them overboard. I was not worried about getting the disease because I felt that life is a gift from God. He will take it way whenever he likes. Whatever precautions you might take, you can’t prevent death from coming to you.

I don’t value money or position much. But I am happy that I am given promotion because it will help me to do more service to my brethren. I would like to end my humble words with a quotation from the Bible. It asks: What is the use of earning so much wealth in this world,’ if you lose your soul? So my advice to my friends is ‘Help others as much as possible.’

Before I close I want to thank Dr. Cronin and the Chairman forgiving me the promotion. I assure them that I will continue doing my best for the Company. May the Almighty Allah bless you all and thank you!

Activity – IV (Role-play)

Question 6.
Miss Jope-Smith soon hears about the promotion given to Hasan and the reason for the promotion. She feels sorry for her prejudiced remarks about him. She decides to meet Hasan in person, and congratulate him for his efforts and the promotion he has received.

Form pairs. Imagine that one of you is Ms Jose- Smith and the other is Hasan. Role-play the whole conversation between Jope-Smith and Hasan.
Answer:
Jope-Smith: Good evening, Hasan! I’m Jope-Smith, one of the travellers in the Ranaganji, going to Calcutta. Hasan: Good evening! Glad to you were on the ship.

JS: Congratulations on your promotion! You really deserve it.

Hasan: Thank you, Ms Jope-Smith. I thank Allah for all this wonderful things happening to me.

JS: I want to say one more thing to you. I want to say ‘sorry’.

Hasan: Say‘sorry’for what?

JS: For thinking ill of you and laughing at you. When I saw you first I talked ill of you for no reason. I guess I was very proud. I could never imagine that you were such a nice and brave person.

Hasan: I don’t think I am such a nice and brave person. I did what I ought to have done in the circumstances. When I knew some workers were having smallpox, had to take care of them. Does not Allah want us to help one another?

JS: You’re right, Hasan! We ought to help one another. I am ashamed of my prejudice. I’m sorry!

Hasan: It’s okay Madam! We all make mistakes. Forget it and be happy.

JS: Thank you, Hasan, I feel quite relieved now. Thank you very much.

Activity – V (Word power)

Question 7.
The parts of a ship Here is a picture of a ship. Mark as many parts as you know.

Answer:
1. funnel
2. stern
3. anchor
4. hull
5. tank
6. bow’
7. mast
8. deck
9. cabins.

Question 8.
The crew of the ship Who are the professionals working in a ship? What do they do?

Answer:

Activity – VI

Question 9.
The past participle as Adjective Study the following expressions carefully:
a. smartly-dressed woman
b. Well-bred voice
c. amused gaze
d. titled friends

The expressions smartly-dressed, well-bred, amused and titled are used as adjectives. They are participle forms of the verbs dress, breed, amuse and title.

A.J. Cronin has used many such expressions in the story. Find out more expressions from the story where the past participle forms of the verbs have been used as adjectives. Explain the meaning of these expressions to your friends.
Answer:
Added source – a source which is added to something,
Looked frightened – looked afraid
Thickly furred tongues – like fur
Young and inexperienced – not having enough experience
Lined and battered face – face full of creases and looked sad
I am overloaded and understaffed -1 have too much work, and very few workers
Baffled, I looked – worried and confused
Serang, who, undismayed – calm and cool
Protected from view-safe, hidden
Calm and unperturbed – undisturbed

Note: Prefixes like under-, over-, etc. can also be added to the past participle form of a verb to function as an adjective, e.g. over-crowded ship, understaffed crew.

Activity – VII (Think and discuss)

Question 10.
Adverbs of frequency
Read the notes and explanations given on below.
a. He had never married.
b. Money had no interest for him, he had always despised it.

• What is the meaning of the words underlined?
• What is the function of these words?

Language tips

• ‘Never’ and ‘always’ are adverbs of frequency – which tell you how often an action is done.
• Here is a continuum which will help you to understand some of the adverbs of frequency and their meanings.

Practise: (Inversion of word order with adverbs)
The sentences 1-5 given on below contain errors. Identify the errors and correct them.
1. Seldom they have reached the office on time.
2. Only when the last visitor left the museum he closed the gate.
3. Little he knew about the nature of the job he was undertaking.
4. Not until next year, there will be a new vacancy.
5. Hardly I had reached the station when the train arrived.
Answer:
1. Seldom have they reached the office on time.
2. Nosoonerdidthe last visitor leave the museum than he closed the gate.
3. Little did he know about the nature of the job he was undertaking.
4. Not until next year will there is a new vacancy.
5. Hardly had I reached the station when the train arrived.

Activity-VIII (Passivisation)

Question 11.
Study the following sentences carefully:
a. Soon the sick men had been taken off to the hospital.
b. Mattresses and sheets were then brought up and the two patients were comfortably installed.

In both the above sentences, we are not told who did the action. The doer of the action is unknown.

Rewrite these sentences without changing the meaning. (Begin tije sentences with ‘they’)
Answer:
Soon they had taken off the sick men to the hospital. They brought mattresses and sheets and installed the two patients comfortably.

there is a chart that offers clues about the steps taken by Cronin and Hassan to prevent the spreading of smallpox in the ship. Go through it carefully and prepare a report of how they controlled the spreading of smallpox in the ship.

Hasan found two deck lascars with fever and he brought them to Dr. Cronin. Dr. Cronin examined both the patients. He found that they had smallpox. Hasan prepared an evacuation room and moved the patients there. On examining all the crew members Dr. Cronin discovered fresh cases of small pox. Dr. Cronin isolated all the patients and gave them treatment. He kept the outbreak of smallpox a secret from other passengers because it might scare them. There were altogether 14 patients. Two of the patients died. But the others survived. Dr. Cronin and Hasan were successful in preventing the killer disease from spreading.

The Serang of Ranaganji Textual Extended Activities Questions and Answers

Activity -1

Question 12.
Given below is a list of some of the cases in which first-aid would be required. You may add more to the list.
Answer:

• Injured leg – bleeding
• Fractured hand
• Burnt fingers
• Fits
• Snake bite
• Fainting
• Asthmatic attack

What first aid would you give in these situations? Get the information from the internet or from a medical practitioner.

Here is an example: In the case of a snake bite, the first thing to be done is to prevent the spreading of the infected blood. Using a long piece of cloth tie the limb above the site of the bite. This will prevent the blood from spreading. Then with a sterilized blade or a knife widen the wound so that the infected blood can flow out. Then try to get medical help as fast as you can.

Activity – II (Read and compare)

Read the story “On Courage” by A.G Gardiner given on below of the Text.

On Courage

… But if I were asked to name the instance of individual action which had most impressed me, I should find the task more difficult. Should I select something that shows how war depraves, or something that shows how it ennobles? If the latter, I think I would choose that beautiful incident of the sailor on the Formidable.

He had won by ballot a place in one of the boats. The ship was going down, but he was to be saved. One pictures the scene: The boat is waiting to take him to the shore and safety. He looks at the old comrades who have lost in the ballot and who stand there doomed to death. He feels the passion for life surging within him.

He sees the cold, dark sea waiting to engulf its victims. And in that great moment – the greatest moment that can come to any man – he makes the triumphant choice. He turns to one of his comrades. ‘You’ve got parents,’ he says. ‘I haven’t.’ And with that word – so heroic in its simplicity – he makes the other take his place in the boat and signs his own death warrant.

I see him on the deck among his doomed fellows, watching the disappearing boat until the final plunge comes and all is over. The sea never took a braver man to its bosom. ‘Greater love hath no man than this …’

Can you read that story without some tumult within you – without feeling that humanity itself is ennobled by this great act and that you are, in some mysterious way, better for the deed? That is the splendid fruit of all such sublime sacrifice. It enriches the whole human family. It makes us lift our heads with pride that we are men – that there is in us at our best this noble gift of valiant unselfishness, this glorious prodigality that spends life itself for something greater than life. If we had met this nameless sailor, we should have found him, perhaps, a very ordinary man, with plenty of failings, doubtless, like the rest of us, and without any idea that he had in him the priceless jewel beside which crowns and coronets are empty baubles. He was something greater than he knew.

Question 13.
“The sea never took a braver man to its bosom. ” What does Gardiner mean by this expression? Do you agree with Gardiner? Write your views in a paragraph.
Answer:
I quite agree with Gardiner. The ship named ‘Formidable’ was sinking. Only a few could be saved by using the life boats. So lots were taken to see who will be taken in the boats to safety. A sailor gets the lot and he can board the boat to safety. The boat is waiting for him. He looks at his comrades who are doomed to death. The he turns to one of his comrades and tells him, ‘You’ve got parents, I haven’t.’ He then makes the comrade take his seat on the boat and thus signs his own death warrant. The doomed ship sinks taking with it the courageous sailor who offered his place to his comrade.

The sea never took a braver man to its bosom. Jesus said, “There is no greater sacrifice than giving up one’s life for his friend.” Here we see that happening. What a sacrifice! The story brought tears to my eyes and I was proud to know that there are still people like the sailor who chose to die for his comrade.

Now, examine the pictures on below carefully.

Question 14.
Can you recognise the ship and the incident?
Answer:
The ship is The Titanic’ and the incident is its sinking on 14th April 1912, as it collided with an iceberg.

Question 15.
Do you know how the passengers and the crew of the ship responded to this situation?
Answer:
Yes, I know. They responded quite bravely and gallantly. Some passengers showed the greatest acts of courage, heroism and sacrifice.

Read and Enjoy

Question 1.
This poem is about one of the greatest tragedies at sea. On 14 April 1912, the Titanic, which carried 2100 passengers and crew, collided with an iceberg and sank into the depths of the Atlantic Ocean. However, this tragedy brought out some of the greatest acts of courage and heroism.

The Serang of Ranaganji About the Author:

– A.J. Cronin

A.J. Cronin (1896-1981) was a Scottish novelist. He was a physician by profession. He has published a number of world-famous novels. His strengths are his keen observation, his graphic description and his narrative skill. The excerpt is taken from ‘Adventures in two Worlds’, his autobiographical novel. It is an anecdote from his experience as a surgeon in the Royal Navy.

The Serang of Ranaganji Summary

Page 112:
A smartly dressed woman, who was a first class passenger on the Ranaganji asked her companion, pointing to a man, if he had seen such an absurdly comic creature. They were standing before me. The Ranaganji is a ship and it was about to sail from Liverpool to Calcutta. I and the lady and her companion were on the ship’s upper deck. Following their gaze, I saw a squat, very ugly native seaman, with short legs and a large disproportionate head. He was the Indian serang, orquarter-master(a small naval officer, in charge of navigational matters) of the ship. He was quietly supervising the crew of lascars (petty naval workers) who were completing the loading of the luggage. The companion of the woman said that the serang looked hardly human. He further added that by seeing the serang, one would think that Darwin was right.

The voyage began in calm, clear weather. We crossed the Bay of Biscay without suffering much from the turbulent waters. Soon we passed through the Strait of Gibraltar, passing through the calm Mediterranean under blue skies. The Ranaganji was a big ship, manned by white officers. The crew was entirely Indian. I was the physician on tie ship.

Page 113:
The ship was crowded with pleasure seekers and tourists. There was a large number of Anglo- Indian army officers. Many of them were with their wives and families. From the start, there was gaiety on board. The chief among the social promoters was Miss Jope- Smith. She was over 30, but she had a dashing style to look younger. She was snob and a bore. We reached Port Said. Everyone went ashore excitedly. They bought silks, shawls, cigarettes, scent and jewellery. We passed the Red Sea, and the barren rock of Aden. Now we were in the Arabian Sea.

The following morning, the serang, Hasan, came bringing with him two of his lascars (deck hands). He greeted me and then told me that those two men were sick. The seamen did not look well. They complained of general illness, strong headache and severe bone pains. They looked frightened, as I began to examine them. Both had fever. Their tongues were covered with thick sputum. They had dry skin, which is nature’s gravest warning. I then discovered hard little nodules under the wrist skin of each man. It was the sure symptom of smallpox.

I was young and inexperienced in my profession. I had not learned to control my feelings. My expression must have altered visibly. Although the serang said nothing, his face assumed a look of seriousness. I quickly went to the ship’s control room.

Captain Hamble was not there. He was in the chartroom below. He looked up as I burst in. I told him that two of the deckhands had small pox. I saw his lips drawing tightly together. He was a thickset man of 55 and a strict disciplinarian. But he was also a just and fair-minded officer.

Page 114:
He came close to me and told me that I was in charge of the health of the ship. It was entirely up to me. He could not give me any of his officers as he was overloaded and understaffed. But he would give me the serang, who was the finest man he had. He wanted me to keep the disease from spreading. He also wanted others not to know of the disease as passengers would then get panicky.

I left the chartroom realizing my grave responsibility. We were in the middle of the Arabian Sea with 1500 passengers aboard. There was no way of vaccinating them. Smallpox was the most deadly contagion.

Back in my surgery I found that one lascar was in the grip of violent rigour (rigidity of body) and his body was shaking. I told the serang that we had to isolate these men. There was no sick bay on board and not even an inch was available in the cabin space. Worried.

I looked at the serang. He looked undisturbed and told me that a shelter could be made on the rear-deck. It was very cool there with plenty of fresh air.

In the back part of the ship, he began to work. In an hour he erected a large canvas shelter. Mattresses and sheets were then brought up and the two patients were comfortably installed there.

Our next step was to get the crew for a thorough medical inspection. One of the stokers (people who tend the furnace) who complained of fever and headache showed signs of the rash. He was placed with the other cases. I then asked Hasan who would help me in attending these men. Hasan told me that he would help me. I then told him that he should be careful as the disease was most contagious. Hassan told me he was not afraid.

Hasan and I sponged the patients and gave them medicines. We hung sheets soaked in disinfectant round the shelter. We set up a cooking stove where liquids could be heated and simple meals prepared.

The next day there was fresh cause for worry. Three new cases were found among the deckhands. The segregated men were much worse. The same afternoon 4 more of the crew were sick. We now had ten cases in our small isolated shelter. It was a situation to test the strongest nerves. But the serang was calm and undisturbed. In attending the patients, he seemed untiring. I had to beg him to be careful. I asked him not to go too close to the patients. Smilingly he asked me whether I was careful rrjyself. I told him I was and it was my work.

I was so weighed down by responsibility that I was a bit worried for myself. The ship was going with maximum speed. Colombo was the nearest port and it was still 8 days away. In the course of another 2 days, 4 more stokers became sick. Now there were 14. One of the earlier victims had gone into a coma. He seemed likely to die any time. Under this added worry I could not sleep.

The serang was always there helping me. When he stood in meditation, his long arms folded on his bare chest, motionless as a statue, even I felt comforted. When a sick man made any sound of pain, he would move towards him with help. He would return and then again fold him arms in prayer. The ship was moving forward with speed.

Hasan had no liking for speech. Still I gathered some information about his past history. He was from the Punjab. But his parents had moved into south India. There like many others in the coastal region he had taken to the sea-faring life. For nearly 40 years, he had been travelling in the various oceans of the world. In the Ranaganji he had spent 15 years. He had no place on shore; he had no friends or family. He had never married.

He was a Muslim. All his life he had acquired nothing, neither money nor property. What he had was worth a few rupees and it was in the ship. This thought pained me. In a moment of sympathy, I told him that in that emergency, the company ought to give him extra pay. He was silent for a moment and then asked me what use money had for someone who has all that he needs. He was quite happy with the way he was.

He was sincere and he needed no extra money for his service. He had no respect for money and he despised it. He had courage, self-control and faith. The men among whom he worked lived poor and died poor. It had become his habit not to worry about tomorrow.

Standing with him in the moonlight I felt a strange pain. Beside his simplicity the world’s values seemed worthless. A great party had started in the saloon. I had a passionate desire for success and wealth and I felt ashamed when I compared myself with this serang.

On the next day two patients died. Hassan sewed their shrouds. In his hoarse dnd low voice he read a short passage from the Ramayana before their bodies. They were wrapped in sailcloth, with a weight at their feet and were thrown overboard at midnight. No fresh cases developed. A week later we reached Colombo. Soon the sick men were taken to hospital. Most patients had passed the crisis. But three were in bad shape with running sores. They were carried in the arms of Hassan. I could see tears flowing through his dark cheeks.

Our passage through the Bay of Bengal was brief and uneventful. We soon reached Calcutta. Suddenly I heard the voice of Miss Jope-Smith. She was pointing to Hasan and telling her companion Ronnie that the ‘absurd creature’ was there again. Hasan was busy in the procedure of unloading the baggage. Then she turned to me and asked me where I had kept the absurd creature during the entire voyage. Did I keep him in a special cage? I told her that in a way he was in a cage. But all the animals were outside.

The Serang of Ranaganji Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 4 Chapter 1 Disasters and Disaster Management in India Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook Disasters and Disaster Management in India Questions and Answers Unit 4 Chapter 1 (Essay)

Disaster and Disaster Management in India Textual Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What does the recent World Disaster Report say about disasters?
Answer:
The recent World Disaster Report says that disasters have increased in number and intensity.

Question 2.
What are some of the common disasters?
Answer:
Some of the common disasters are earthquakes, floods, cyclones, landslides, droughts, accidents, plane crashes and forest fires.

Question 3.
What is true about both developed and developing countries?
Answer:
The fact that disasters like earthquakes, floods, cyclones, landslides, droughts, accidents, plane crashes and forest fires have increased in their number and intensity is true about both developed and developing countries.

Question 4.
What is the relationship between human development and disaster preparedness?
Answer:
There is a direct correlation between human development and better preparedness to manage disasters. The less developed countries are more prone to suffer damages caused by disasters.

Question 5.
Which is the deadliest disaster?
Answer:
The deadliest disaster is drought. It accounts for 48% of deaths due to natural disasters.

Question 6.
What makes India more vulnerable do disasters?
Answer:
Its geographical location and geological formation make India more vulnerable to disasters. Its long coastline, snow-covered peaks and high mountain ranges and the perennial rivers of the north combine to make the problems worse. India has only 2% of the total geographical area, but it supports 18% of the total population. So, there is a great pressure on the natural resources. This directly or indirectly leads to disasters like floods, droughts, landslides and earthquakes.

*Question 7.
What causes tremendous pressure on the natural resources in India?
Answer:
India has only 2% of the total geographical area, but it supports 18% of the total population. This causes a tremendous pressure on the natural resources.

Question 8.
Which is a relatively new natural disaster in India?
Answer:
Tsunami is a relatively new natural disaster in India. Due to the lack of an adequate warning system, the tsunami of 2004 destroyed a large portion of the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and also the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It killed many people and destroyed properties worth many crores.

Question 9.
Which is the man-made disaster that India witnessed in the last century?
Answer:
The man-made disaster that India witnessed in the last century is the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984.

Question 10.
Name some of the major natural disasters faced by India during this century.
Answer:
Some of the major natural disasters faced by India during this century are: The Gujarat earthquake (2001), the Mumbai-Gujarat floods (2005), the tsunami (2004), the Uttarakhand flash-floods and the hurricane Phailin in coastal Orissa and Andhra Pradesh (2013).

Question 11.
Which are the lifeline support systems that get damaged in disasters?
Answer:
The lifeline support systems that get damaged in disasters are communication, power supply and water supply systems. Drainages get are damaged. Healthcare and hospitals come under severe stress. Commercial and economic activities are badly affected. Life, then, almost comes to a standstill.

Question 12.
Which is the man-made disaster mentioned here? Which section of the society is most affected by disasters? Why?
Answer:
The man-made disaster mentioned here is riots. The most affected are the poor sections of society. It is so because they have to work daily to earn their livelihood.

Question 13.
What are the major limitations in constructing safe and secure buildings?
Answer:
The major limitations in constructing safe and secure buildings are people don’t follow the regulations laid down for ensuring safety and security. In developing countries, only 30% of the buildings are constructed in accordance with the regulations. The lack of a master-plan and the inferior quality of materials used for construction are also major limitations.

Question 14.
What measures need to be taken to ensure the safety and security of the buildings?
Answer:
To ensure the safety and security of the buildings, both private and public buildings should be constructed according to the guidelines prescribed by law. Construction should be according to the master plan approved by the authorities. Good quality materials should be used for construction.

Question 15.
What is the requirement in the areas vulnerable to earthquakes in order to reduce damage and death?
Answer:
In areas vulnerable to earthquakes, the existing buildings should be technically assessed and owners should be informed about the weaknesses in their construction. It is estimated that nearly a million buildings are constructed in India each year and an equal number of them gets damaged as a result of disasters. To reduce the damage to buildings, a monitoring mechanism should be set up. It should work in proper coordination with the concerned authorities to ensure the fulfilment of building codes.

Question 16.
What is the structure of the state and central level committees of disaster management?
Answer:
At the state level^Jiere is a State Level Disaster Management Committee consisting of the senior secretaries of various departments and the representatives of NGOs. At the national level, there is a Crisis Management Committee, headed by the Cabinet Secretary and the secretaries from the major departments of the government.

Question 17.
How does the central government coordinate disaster management activities in India?
Answer:
The central government, with proper coordination with various ministries, give the necessary support to the states. This includes defence services like air dropping, rescuing, searching, transport of relief goods, etc. and availability of railway and ferry services, health personnel and medical support.

Question 18.
What are the special requirements of the rescue team, according to the author?
Answer:
The rescue teams should have special skills and attitudes in dealing with disasters. They need to be well equipped and should have the latest technologies.

Question 19.
What is the purpose of disaster management?
Answer:
The purpose of disaster management is to reduce the destructive impact of disasters. It is not possible to prevent or avert many of these disasters but with proper disaster management, we can definitely reduce the deaths and damages caused by them.

Disaster and Disaster Management in India Textual Activities Questions and Answers

Activity -1 (Note-making)

Question 1.
You have read the essay ‘Disasters and Disaster Management in India.’ Given below is an outline of the notes on this essay. Read the essay carefully again and complete the notes.
Answer:
Disasters and Disaster Management in India
1. Disasters – the global scenario
1.1 a challenge for all humanity
1.2 increase in frequency and intensity
1.3 the world becoming more prone to disasters
1.4 developed and developing countries are affected
1.5 floods-more common, India, China, Bangladesh – most affected
1.6 drought – deadliest (40% of all deaths and disasters)

2. Disasters-Indian Context
2.1 highly prone to disasters
2.2 reasons for vulnerability
2.2.1 geographical location and geological formation
2.2.2 long coastline, snow-clad peaks, high mountain ranges, perennial Rivers
2.2.3 overpopulation and inadequacy of natural resources
2.3 different kinds of disasters in India – Regional
2.3.1 Northern region
2.3.2 Eastern region
2.3.3 The North-eastern region
2.3.4 The western region
2.3.5 The southern region
2.3.6 The Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep & coastal areas
2.4 major disasters in this century
2.4.1 Gujarat earthquake (2001)
2.4.2 the Mumbai-Gujarat floods (2005)
2.4.3 the tsunami (2004)
2.4.4 the Uttarakhand flash-floods
2.4.5 Hurricane Phailin in coastal Orissa & AP (2013)

3. The direct and indirect impact of disasters
3.1 damage, destruction, death
3.2 lifeline support systems are damaged
3.3 Healthcare and hospitals come under stress
3.4 Commercial and economic activities badly affected
3.5 poorer sections – most affected

4. Risk due to disaster – need for safer buildings
4.1 cyclones, tsunami, earthquakes, defects in construction of buildings can cause greater destruction.
4.2 scenario in the developing countries
4.2.1 only 30% of the buildings are constructed as per regulations
4.2.2 lack of master plan
4.2.3 using inferior quality materials
4.3 suggestions for safer infrastructure
4.3.1 both private and public buildings to be constructed as per guidelines
4.3.2 constructions to be adhere to the master plan
4.3.3 only good quality materials be used for construction

5. Management in India
5.1 purpose – not prevention, but reduction of impact
5.2 state government
5.2.1 – role- state level disaster management committee
5.2.2 – structure – senior secretaries and representative of NGOs
5.3 centre government
5.3.1 – role – Crisis management committee
5.3.2 – structure – cabinet secretary and secretaries of major departments
5.3.3 – support offered – air dropping, rescuing, searching, transport of relief goods, rail and ferry services, health personnel, and medical support.
5.4 rehabilitation of victims
5.4.1 – integral part of disaster management
5.4.2 – proper coordination among various departments
5.4.3 – rescue teams – additional skills, equipped with latest technology

Activity – II (Writing precis)

Question 2.
You have read the essay and prepared notes on ‘Disasters and Disaster Management in India.’ Based on the notes you prepared, write a precis on the essay. A precis, usually, is one-third the size of the original text.
Answer:
Disasters have become a big challenge for all humanity. There has been an increase in the frequency and intensity of disasters. It seems that the world becoming more prone to disasters. Disasters affect both developed and developing countries. Some of the disasters are floods, windstorms, droughts, and earthquakes. Floods are more common in India, China and Bangladesh. Drought is the deadliest. Nearly 40% of all deaths and disasters are caused by droughts.

India is highly prone to disasters. There are many reasons for this. The geological formation, Geographical location, the long coastline, snow-clad peaks, high mountain ranges, perennial rivers, etc. are some of them. Overpopulation and the inadequacy of natural resources add to them problem. India faces many different kinds of disasters. In all regions there are problems. Some of the major disasters India had in this century are the Gujarat earthquake (2001), the Mumbai-Gujarat floods (2005), the tsunami (2004), the Uttarakhand flash-floods and the Hurricane Phailin in coastal Orissa & AP (2013).

There are direct and indirect impacts of disasters. Some of the impacts are the damage, destruction, death caused by them. Following the disaster, the lifeline support systems are damaged. Healthcare and hospitals come under stress. Commercial and economic activities get badly affected. The poorer sections are the most affected.

To reduce the damages caused by disaster, there is a need for safer buildings.,Disasters like cyclones, tsunami, earthquakes, etc. can cause greater destruction if there are defects in the construction of buildings. The scenario in the developing countries is pathetic. Only 30% of the buildings are constructed as per regulations. There is a lack of any master plar and people construct buildings using inferior quality, materials.

There is a need for safer infrastructure. Both private and public buildings should be constructed as per the guidelines given by the government. Constructions should adhere to the master plan and only good quality materials should be used for construction purposes.

It is true that we can’t prevent disasters and we can reduce their impact. For this, the state government and the central government have to work together. At the state level, there has to be a disaster management committee with all the senior secretaries of various departments and representatives of NGOs. At the centre, there must be a Crisis management committee with the cabinet secretary as the chairman and secretaries of major departments as members. The centre can offer support like air dropping, rescuing, searching, transport of relief goods, rail and ferry services, health personnel and medical support. The rehabilitation of victims is an integral part of disaster management. There should be proper coordination among various departments. The rescue teams should have additional skills, and they should be equipped with the latest technology. If these things are carried out, the impact of the disasters can be reduced and many lives saved.

Activity – III (Think and respond)

Question 3.
What are some of the disasters (natural/man-made and industrial) your locality has witnessed in the last ten years? What were the impact of these disasters on man and nature?
Answer:
My locality has witnessed two major disasters. Bothe of them are man-made. One is water pollution. The local farmers, in their eagernare to get bumper harvests, used a lot of chemical rertilizers and later insecticides on a large scale. Ttoe result is that the water in the area is polluted. The fish in the stream and ponds nearby have died.

Another disaster is the mindless cutting down of trees and building concrete jungles everywhere. With high- rise buildings around you, you feel choked. There is no place for the children to run about and play. Every available piece of land is used for various types of construction. In the summer season the place becomes very hot. All the birds that nestled on the trees around have left the place, which looks barren.

Question 4.
Is your locality prepared to manage any potential disaster? If not, what precautions can be taken to prevent and manage possible disasters?
Answer:
My locality is not at all prepared to manage any potential danger. The streets are so narrow in the township that not even a fire-truck can enter the place in case of a fire disaster. At least the Municipality should take steps to widen the roads so that the victims can be reached in case of a disaster.

Question 5.
The author says that disaster management in India is the responsibility of the state and central governments. Do you agree with this view? Do you think that the people of our country have a role in preventing and managing disasters?
Answer:
I don’t agree with The view of the author that that disaster management in India is the responsibility of the state and central governments. I fully agree with the view that the people of our country should have a role in preventing and managing disasters. Preventing natural disasters may not be possible but we can do many things to reduce the impact of such disasters. Without the people’s active cooperation, no scheme of any kind will succeed.

Question 6.
What do you think about the measures of rehabilitation that are adopted after each disaster? Do you think the measures are sufficient?
Answer:
The measures of rehabilitation that are adopted after each disaster are not good enough. When a disaster happens, the chief ministers and some other ministers run to the spot of disaster. Some half-hearted measures are carried out just to please the people. Often these measures are just temporary solutions. After the tsunami, some houses were constructed to rehabilitate the victims. After two seasons of heavy rain most of the houses became so bad people could not live there. The measures taken are insufficient. Corruption is the main cause for our troubles. The contractors who make the buildings use defective material and the buildings they make do not last. We have seen what happens to our roads. There is no determined effort on the part of anybody to make things work properly. Authorities become immune to criticism.

Activity – IV (Explore the roots)

Question 7.
Disaster = Dys + aster
‘Disaster’and ‘disastrous’ originate from the Greek word ‘astron’ which means star. In ancient times, it was believed that stars shaped human destiny; any misfortune or calamity, therefore, happened to someone because the stars were not favorable. The prefix ‘dys’ here means against. Here is a list of words which are derived from the Greek root ‘astron’: All these words are related to stars. Find out the meaning of these words:
Answer:
1. astronomy = scientific study of the universe
2. astrophysics = the physics of astronomical objects
3. astronaut = space traveller
4. aster – Star-shaped structure in cells
5. asterisk = star shaped symbol
6. astrologer = one who studies stars in relation to human behaviour
7. asteroid = rocky object orbiting the sun

Activity – V (Crossword puzzle)

Question 8.
Here is a crossword puzzle about natural calamities. Use the clues below to solve the puzzle.

Answers :
1. Twister
2. Tsunami
3. Earthquake
4. Avalanche
5. Lava
6. Famine
7. Ice
8. Landslide
9. Storm
10. Tornado
11. Hurricane

Activity – VI (Project)

Question 9.
The author says that ‘Of all the disasters, floods are the most common. … India, China and Bangladesh are the most affected by floods. ’ In Kerala also we experience floods during the monsoon. The water levels of rivers rise, flooding cities and towns. What are the reasons for this flooding?
Answer:
There are many reasons for the flooding. We can divide them into two categories. In the first group we have natural causes like high rainfall, snowmelt, relief (in low-lying areas rivers flow very slowly and so the water volume increases suddenly) and coastal flooding because of high tides. In the second group we have human causes which include deforestation, poor farming (over-grazing, over-cultivation, etc. which makes the top soil washed away), poor water management and population pressure. All these factors can be found in India, China and Bangladesh.

Question 10.
Investigate the reasons for flooding in your locality. Write a report of your finds. Make an ICT assisted presentation.
Answer:
The reasons for flooding in my locality are high rainfall, poor farming, poor water management and population pressure.

Activity – VII (Collection)

We are highly vulnerable to many natural disasters. While some fail to act in the moments of crisis or become victims of these disasters, some others rise up to the occasion and help the victims. Here is a newspaper report about 4 children who won bravery awards for their timely and heroic action in a moment of crisis.

Read the report on below of the Text.

Bravery award for children

Thiruvananthapuram: Four children from Kerala will be among the recipients of this year’s National Bravery Awards at the next Republic Day function, in New Delhi.

They include Jismi P. M., who was selected for the Geetha Chopra Award, Vishnudas K., the winner of the Bapu Gayadhani Award; and Anoop M. and Raj Narayanan, both selected for the general award.

Jismi, 12, a native of Perinchery in Thrissur district, was chosen for the award for saving a woman and her two children from drowning in a pond. A Class IX student of the Government Vocational Higher Secondary School at Cherpu, Jismi is the daughter of a manual labourer.

Vishnudas won the award for saving two children from a watery grave. A native of Palakkad, he is a Plus One student of the Sri Sankara Oriental Higher Secondary School, Lakkidi.

Anoop, a Class VIII student of the Bishop Kuriyalanchery Public School at Chambakulam, bagged the award for saving a 5-yearold from drowning in a lake. Raj Narayanan, the fourth nominee, was selected for saving a boy from drowning in a river in Alappuzha. Raj is a Class IX student of the NSS High School, Kuttanad. The General Secretary of the Kerala State Child Welfare Council P. Krishnan, said Jismi is the first winner of the Geetha Chopra Award, from Kerala.

Collect such newspaper reports and discuss with your friends how children can act timely in moments of crisis.

Read and Reflect

Question 1.
This story is about a voyage from Liverpool to Calcutta during the British rule in India. It tells how the author and the* hero of the story manage a potential calamity, silently and bravely.

Disaster and Disaster Management in India Summary

Disaster is something that often happens to people. People have experienced disasters in different forms from the beginning of time. The latest World Disaster Report shows that disasters have increased in number and intensity.

People are becoming more and more exposed to disasters of all kinds. They include earthquakes, floods, cyclones, landslides, droughts, accidents, plane crashes, forest fires, etc. This is quite true in the case of both developed and developing countries. The floods in the UK and France, and the heat waves in Europe, especially the one in France in 2003, claimed many lives. In the last few years, America has also faced devastating disasters in the form of tornadoes, hurricanes and cyclones. They caused many deaths and much destruction. Although progress in technology is helping man to reduce the impact of disasters, it is still not enough.

There is a direct correlation between higher human development and better preparedness to manage disasters. The less developed countries are more prone to suffer damages caused by disasters.

Of all the disasters, floods are the most common. They are followed by windstorms, droughts, and earthquakes. Drought is the deadliest, accounting for 48% of deaths due to natural disasters. Asia has the highest number of death toll from disasters. India, China and Bangladesh are in the Asian continent.

India, due to its geographical location and geological formation, is highly prone to disasters. Its long coastline, snow-covered peaks and high mountain ranges and the perennial rivers of the north combine to make the problems worse. India has only 2% of the total geographical area, but it supports 18% of the total population. So, there is a great pressure on the natural resources. This directly or indirectly leads to disasters like floods, droughts, landslides and earthquakes.

The northern region of India faces problems due to landslides, floods, droughts and earthquakes because it falls under the seismic zones III to V. The eastern region has the problem of floods in the perennial rivers which include the Brahmaputra, the Ganga, etc. Drought, heat waves, hailstorms, cyclones, heavy winds and earthquakes are also common here. The north-eastern region has floods, landslides and earthquakes. This region comes under seismic zones IV & V.

The western region is known for severe droughts, wind erosion of land and soil, floods and cyclones. It is also prone to earthquakes. The southern region, particularly the coastal area, is vulnerable to cyclones, sea erosion, tsunami and landslides. The islands of Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep are open to the problems of Sea erosion and tsunami. The Indian coastal areas have faced some of the worst cyclones.

Among all the disasters in India, the tsunami is a relatively new thing. Due to the lack of an adequate warning system, the tsunami of 2004 destroyed a large portion of the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and also the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It killed many people and destroyed properties worth many crores.

India has faced a number of natural disasters. There was also the man-made disaster of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy of 1984. During this century, India faced the Gujarat earthquake (2001), the Mumbai-Gujarat floods (2005), the tsunami (2004), the Uttarakhand flash-floods and the hurricane Phailin in coastal Orissa and Andhra Pradesh (2013).

The direct and indirect impacts of disasters, either natural or industrial, are damage, destruction and death. When disaster strikes, the lifeline support systems like communication, power supply, watersupply and drainage are damaged. Healthcare and hospitals come under severe stress. Commercial and economic activities are badly affected. Life almost comes to a standstill. The psychological traumas caused by disasters are so severe that they last the entire life of the victim. So along with other rehabilitation works, psychological rehabilitation should be given.

The impact is the same even in the case of man made disasters like riots. The most affected are the poor sections of society, who have to work daily to earn their livelihood.

In some natural disasters like cyclones, tsunami and earthquake, it is the building structure that causes the destruction and death. In developing countries only 30% of the buildings are constructed in accordance with the regulations laid down for ensuring safety and security. The lack of a master-plan and the inferior quality of materials used for construction also increase the casualties arising out of disasters. Both private and public buildings should be constructed according to the guidelines prescribed by law. Construction should also be according to the master plan approved by the authorities. Good quality materials only should be used for construction.

The UNDAC (United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination), along with the Indian Government, has jointly prepared an action plan for cities and towns prone to earthquakes. In vulnerable areas, the existing buildings should be technically assessed and owners should be informed about the weaknesses in their construction. It is estimated that nearly a million buildings are constructed in India each year and an equal number of them gets damaged as a result of disasters. To reduce the damage to buildings, a monitoring mechanism should be set up. It should work in proper coordination with the concerned authorities to ensure the fulfillment of building codes.

In the case of disaster management, the state governments play a major role. The central government plays only a facilitating role. At the state level, there is a State Level Disaster Management Committee consisting of the senior secretaries of various departments and the representatives of NGOs. At the national level, there is a Crisis Management Committee, headed by the Cabinet Secretary and the secretaries from the major departments of the government. Thfffcentral government, with proper coordination with various ministries, gives the necessary support to the states. This includes defence services like airdropping, rescuing, searching, transport of relief goods, etc. and availability of railway and ferry services, health personnel and medical support.

Rehabilitation is an integral part of disaster management. Disasters are non-routine events and so they need non-routine services. It means the Government can’t rely on normal procedures to take urgent action. There should be proper coordination among the various departments of the government to bring speedy relief to the victim. The rescue teams have to learn special skills and attitudes in dealing with disasters. They need to be well equipped and should have the latest technologies.

Disaster management has acquired greater importance of late. The purpose is not to prevent natural or man-made disasters. We may not be able to prevent many of these disasters but we can definitely reduce their destructive impact.

Disaster and Disaster Management in India Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 3 Chapter 3 The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu Questions and Answers Unit 3 Chapter 3 (Based on Fijam Legend)

The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu (Based on Fijian Legend) Textual Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How, according to the legend, did the warriors of Kadavu save themselves a long journey by sea?
Answer:
According to the legend, the warriors of Kadavu saved themselves a long journey by sea by sliding their canoes on rollers up over the narrow neck of land. This way they could avoid the long journey around the east and the west of the Kadavu island.

Question 2.
The turtles will not rise to the surface of the bay if any member of the nearby village ofNabukulevu is present there. What could be the reason?
Answer:
It was the fishermen of Nabukelevu who tried to take away Tinaicoboga, the wife of the chief of Namuana, and herdaughterRaudalice. These two women saved themselves by turning into turtles. The turtles that now live in the bay are descendants of these two women. The people of Namuana and Nabukelevu are great rivals. That is why the turtles will not rise to the surface if any member of the village ofNabukulevu is present during the turtle calling by the Namuana maidens.

Question 3.
Are all rituals strange? Why?
Answer:
Yes, all the rituals strange. They are strange because in all of them some impossible things are described. As they are passed from generation to generation, people go on adding things to the original story according to their imagination.

Question 4.
Comment on the opening sentence of the legend.
Answer:
The opening sentence is the typical way of starting a story. Here the syntax (the order or the arrangement of words) is also changed. It says ‘Many, many years go,…. lived a very lovely princess called Tinaicoboga”. The verb here comes before the subject.

Question 5.
What happens to the two women when they go fishing?
Answer:
When the two women go fishing, they are seized by the fishermen from the neighbouring village. Their hands and feet are tied and they are thrown into the hold of the canoe of the fishermen. As the women are taken away a storm rises in the sea and the canoe is in danger of drowning. The women turn into turtles and they are thrown into the sea by the fishermen. The belief is that the turtles that live in the Kadavu bay are the descendants of these two women.

Question 6.
What does the change in weather signify?
Answer:
The change in weather signifies that the gods of the sea-answered the prayers of the two women – Tinaicoboga and her daughter Raudalice. The changed weather would help them to escape from the captivity of the fishermen from Nabukelevu.

Question 7.
Why are the women dressed in mourning?
Answer:
They are dressed in mourning because they had lost the wife of their chief and her daughter – Tinaicoboga and Raudalice. Since they changed into turtles and never returned to their village, they were as good as dead.

Question 8.
What do the lines of the song indicate?
Answer:
The lines of the song indicate that the women of Namuana love the wife of their chief and her daughter – Tinaicoboga and Raudalice and they also want to have a look at them.

The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu (Based on Fijian Legend) Textual Activities Questions and Answers

Activity -1 (Debate)

Question 1.
Who do you think are really punished; The Nabukelevu fishermen or the two women from Namuana?
Answer:
I think the two women from Namuana are really punished. From two beautiful human beings they were changed into turtles!

Question 2.
Discuss the situation in the present context of atrocities against women. Conduct a debate on the topic: Are women empowered in our society?
Answer:
For:
a. Women are empowered in our society.
b. We have powerful woman like Sonia Gandhi, Mamata Banerjee and Mayawati.
c. Mrs. Indira Gandhi was the strongest Prime Minister India had.
d. Women have the same political rights as men.
e. In government services and public undertakings, women get the same salary for the same job.
f. Women are given preferential treatment when it comes to education and health care.
g. There are many programmes today meant for the empowerment of women.

Against:
a. The equal rights for women are limited to the paper.
b. Women don’t get equal pay with men especially in the private sector.
c. Women are treated as second class citizens.
d. In the home, man commands and the woman obeys.
e. There are so many limitations to the mode of dressing and such things for women.
f. No religion lets women to be priests. Some religions even deny access to women to their places of worship.
g. Because Manu had said in the past ‘Na Sthree Swatantryamarhati’, many people don’t let their women have any kind of freedom.
h. Even now the dowry system is very much active in different names like share & pocket money.

I Rapes and such heinous crimes against women are rampant.

Activity – II (Write-up)

Question 3.
You have read the story of an unusual Fijian ritual. Can you think of similar rituals practised in your locality?
Answer:
Onam is festival that is celebrated by all the Malayalees. It is commemorated every year because of a legend. King Mahabali ruled Kerala and he was a just ruler. All the people were treated equally. There was liberty, equality and fraternity in the land. There was happiness everywhere. People here were happier than the inhabitants of heaven. So they became jealous. So one god, disguised as an ascetic, Vamana, came to Mahabali and requested him to give him three feet of land to sit and do his ‘tapassu’. The generous Mahabali gladly granted his wish. Then suddenly Vamana began to grow in size and he was as tall as the sky. With one foot he measured the entire land of Mahabali, with the second foot he measured the skies above the land.

Then he asked Mahabali where he duld have his third foot of land. Mahabali bent his head and told him he can have it there. Vamana put his foot on Mahabali’s head and Mahabali was pushed deep down into the underworld. As he was going down, he asked Vamana to give him a boon: He should be allowed to come back and visit his beloved people once a year. His request was granted. The Kerala people believe that Mahabali comes to earth to see them every year on Thiruvonam day.

To receive their beloved king, the people make pookkalams in their yards. They make sumptuous meals. They wear new clothes and adorn themselves as best as they can. They also have some folk dances and other entertaining things to welcome their great king. It is a festive season in Kerala and everybody looks happy on that day. The occasion is commercially exploited by businessmen to sell all kinds of things. It is the holiday season for Keralites and people organise tours and various other activities.

Activity – III (Travel Brochure)

Question 4.
Let’s prepare a travel brochure of a place of your choice.

Tips
A travel brochure should

• open with a catchy sentence which is followed by short, concise sentences.
• satisfy the interest of the target audience.
• highlight the main features:
  • description of scenic beauty
  • scope for adventures (sky diving, mountaineering, etc.)
  • reference to local culture, customs and traditions.
• appeal to the five senses.
• present one or two positive testimonials from past visitors.
• include attractive photographs of the destination.

Answer:
Niagara in Kerala? Yes, Athirappally Falls in Kerala is nicknamed The Niagara of India’. It is a 24-metre (80 ft).waterfall near the Vazhachal Forest Division and the Sholayar ranges. It is a thrilling sight especially in the monsoon season. At the Athirappally Falls, the water of the Chalakudy River surges around big rocks and cascades down in three separate paths. Below the falls the river remains turbulent for about 1 km. Then it calms down and flows smoothly until reaching the dam at Thumboormuzhi.

Wildlife in the area includes the Asiatic elephant, tiger, leopard, bison, sambar and the lion-tailed monkey. Different types of hornbill live in this area. Plantations in the area contain teak, bamboo and eucalyptus. This area is renowned for its biodiversity. You will see God’s plenty here. Visitors can reach the top of the waterfall via a paved path that leads through thick bamboo clusters. A steep narrow path also leads to the bottom of the falls. The best time to visit this wonderful place is between June and September. Many films are shot here because of its glory, splendour and scenic extravaganza. If you love Nature, beauty and adventure, come to Athirappally and enjoy its breathtaking view. It is truly the Niagara of India. Niagara is much bigger but it does not have the wildlife and the biodiversity seen in this miraculous place.

Athirappally is 30 km to the west of Chalakudy. The journey from Chalakudy to the Falls passes through a landscape of winding roads, small villages and lush green trees. If you enjoy local food, you will find a lot of small restaurants on your way where you can enjoy local dishes. But be careful! Some of them could be very spicy and hot!

The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu (Based on Fijian Legend) Textual Extended Activities Questions and Answers

Read the English translation of the Malayalam excerpt taken from S.K. Pottekkattwho has written several books of travel.

Tips

• Transfer the meaning; avoid word for word translation.
• Be aware of the cultural differences in languages.
• Ensure that the translation is in tune with the linguistic features of the target language.

Read the passage in Malayalam given on below. Here is the translation.

Athiranippadam is a village that gradually developed from a large muddy area. In the ancient times, a small river flowed through it and emptied its waters into the sea one mile west of the place. In the course of time, centuries perhaps, the river was filled with mud and reduced itself into a canal. That part is still known as the bank of the river. Even that canal stopped flowing and the entire area became a vast muddy field. As the muddy field began to dry up, men entered and started living here.

Question 5.
You decide to conduct a tour programme. What are the different stages involved in it? Discuss.
Answer:
a. How many are ready to come?
b. How long is the tour programme?
c. What is the destination?
d. What are the things to be done there?
e. The cost per person.
f. The type of transport.
g. Food and Stay
h. Safety precautions to be taken

Activity – II (Travel Info)

Read the Travel Info given below:
Getting There

• Heathrow Airport is one of the largest and busiest airports in Britain which connects the major cities in the world.
• The London Metro connects you to the major tourist destinations of the city.

Don’t miss out

• The National Gallery
• The British Museum
• The Tower of London
• Windsor Castle

The cuisine

• Fish and Chips-a true English treat of freshly caught fish and crisp potato fries.

Question 6.
Let’s prepare a Travel Info of a place of your choice.
Answer:

Travel Info – Malampuzha Dam

Getting there : You can get to Malampuzha by road, train or plane, The nearest railway station is Palakkad Junction. The distance will be then 7km by road. The nearest airport is Coimbatore, From there the distance to Malampuzha is 55 km by road.

Information about Malampuzha Dam : It is the largest reservoir in Kerala, with the scenic hills of the Western Ghats in the background. It is a combination of a masonry dam with a length of 1,849 metres and an earthen dam with a length of 220 metres. The dam is 6,066 feet high and crosses the Malampuzha River, a tributary of Bharathappuzha.

Don’t miss out: The Dam, amusement park, boating facilities, rock garden and ropeway.

Around the reservoir of the dam are gardens and amusement parks. Boating facilities are available on the lake.

Cuisine : Fried Karimeen – A true treat for you – fish are freshly caught and fried – supplied with potato chips and special hot chutney.

Activity – III (Conversation)

Question 7.
Decide on a place to visit and approach a travel agency to make arrangements. Write a conversation between you and the travel agent.
Read the tips given below of the Text.

Answer:
You : Is that Intersight, the Tour Company?

Agent: Insight here, I am Tom. How can I help you?

You : I saw your advert in Malayala Manorama about the 8-days tour of Europe, starting on 19th April. I would like to join you.

Agent: You are welcome. To book you have to pay an initial amount of Rs. 30,000/-. Then you send us your passport. We have to get you a European visa.

You : When should I pay the rest of the amount?

Agent: It should be paid when you get the visa. We will let you know of the date.

You : How many are there in the group?

Agent: You are the 33rd member of the group.

You : What are the things I must bring with me?

Agent: You will need warm clothes as Europe is still cold in April. You should also bring your essential medicines. You can’t buy medicines in Europe as you buy them in India. You will need a doctor’s prescription and seeing a doctor could be quite expensive and time-consuming. Carry your camera with you as you will like to take photographs. Keep some Euros with you, in case you want to buy something special.

You : How much luggage can I carry?

Aent: You can carry 30 kgs. Bu I suggest you take the minimum luggage. Less luggage, more comfort.

You : Okay, thanks. I will send you the passport and the money soon.

Agent: That’s fine. I assure you that it will be a memorable trip. Bye!

You : Bye!

Activity – IV : (Introductory speech)

Question 8.
Imagine yourself to be a travel guide. A group of tourists visits one or the most popular tourist spots of your locality. How would you welcome them?

Prepare the script of a speech you will make o the occasion, introducing the tourist spot to the visitors.
Answer:
Welcoming Tourists : Ladies and gentlemen, you are welcome to God’s Own Country, Kerala! I am your guide Joe. I will be with you during the entire tour of this place. I assure you that you will enjoy here. Here you are going to see some amazing sights. Be ready with your camera. These are some sights and sounds that will thrill you and you will come back again and again to see them and hear them!

Describing the location : This is Athirappally Falls. It is called The Niagara of India’. It is a 24-metre (80 ft) waterfall near the Vazhachal Forest Division and the Sholayar ranges. It is a thrilling sight especially in the rainy season. At the Athirappally Falls, the water of the Chalakudy River surges around big rocks and cascades down in three separate paths. Below the falls the river remains turbulent for about 1 km. Then it calms down and flows smoothly until reaching the dam at Thumboormuzhi.

Introducing special events/highlights: Here soon you are going to see the Asiatic elephant, tiger, leopard, bison, sambar and the lion-tailed monkey. Different types of hornbill are also here. You will see teak, bamboo and eucalyptus. This area is renowned for its biodiversity. You will see God’s plenty here. We will go to the top of the waterfall via a paved path that leads through thick bamboo clusters. A steep narrow path also leads to the bottom of the falls. Many films are shot here because of its glory, splendour and scenic extravaganza. If you love Nature, beauty and adventure, you will love this place. Niagara may be much bigger but it does not have the wildlife and the biodiversity seen in this miraculous place. Don’t forget to shoot these sights!

Offering advice: If you are weak or tired, don’t climb up to the top or go down to the bottom. The place could be slippery. Make sure your shoes have good grips: Taking a stick with you will be helpful.

Closing remarks: I hope you have enjoyed the sights and sounds. Thanks for coming. Come again!

Activity – V (Discussion)

Question 9.
In the poem given on below:

Friends,
Our dear sister
is departing for foreign
in two-three days, and
we are meeting today
to wish her bon voyage.

You are all knowing, friends,
what sweetness is in Miss Pushpa.
I don’t mean only external sweetness
but internal sweetness.
Miss Pushpa is smiling and smiling
even for no reason
but simply because she is feeling.

Miss Pushpa is coming
from very high family.
Her father was renowned advocate
in Bulsar or Surat,
I am not remembering now which place.

Surat? Ah, yes,
Once only I stayed in Surat
with family members
of my uncle’s very old friend,
his wife was cooking nicely…
that was long time ago.

Coming back to Miss Pushpa
she is most popular lady
with men also and ladies also.

Whenever I asked her to do anything,
she was saying, ‘just now only
I will do it.’ That is showing
good spirit. I am always
appreciating the good spirit.
Pushpa Miss is never saying no.
Whatever I or anybody is asking
She is always saying yes,
And today she is going
to improve her prospect
and we are wishing her bon voyage.

Now I ask other speakers to speak
and afterwards Miss Pushpa
will do summing up.

there are grammatical mistakes, strange arrangement of words, phrases and idioms which are direct translations of expressions from Indian languages. They sound very odd ¡n English. Identify them and discuss.
Answer:
a. departing for foreign (going abroad)
b. We are all knowing (We all know)
c. What sweetness is in Miss Pushpa (How sweet Miss Pushpa is)
d. I don’t mean only external sweetness but internal sweetness (She is sweet both externally and internally)
e. Miss Pushpa is smiling and smiling even for no reason but simply because she is feeling (Miss Pushpa always smiles because of her good feelings).
f. Miss Push is coming from very high family (Miss Pushpa comes from a noble family)
g. was renowned advocate (was a renowned advocate)
h. I am not remembering (I don’t remember)
i. Once only I stayed in Surat (Only once I stayed in Surat)
j. With family members of my uncle’s very old friend (with the family members of a very old friend of my uncle)
k. His wife was cooking nicely (his wife was a good cook)
l. She is most popular lady with men also and ladies also (Miss Pushpa is very popular with men and also ladies)
m. Whenever I asked her to do anything, she was saying, ‘just now only I will do it.’ (Whenever I asked her to do something she would say she would immediately do it)
o. That is showing good spirit (that shows good spirit)
p. I am always appreciating (I always appreciate)
q. Pushpa Miss is never saying no. (Pushpa Miss never says no)
r. Whatever I or anybody is asking she is always yes. (Whatever I or anybody asks her she agrees)
s. improve her prospect (improve her prospects) we are wishing her (we wish her)

Now I ask other speakers to speak and afterwards, Miss Pushpa will do summing up. (Now I ask other speakers to speak and later Miss Pushpa will respond)

The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu (Based on Fijian Legend) About the Author:

It is a multicultural island nation. It has the cultural traditions of the people of Oceanic, European, South Asian, and East Asian origins. It consists of nearly 320 islands in the southwest Pacific Ocean, 3152 kms from Sydney, Australia. Nearly 100 of these islands are inhabited.

The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu Summary

Kadavu is one of the larger of islands of the Fiji Group. Some 50 miles by water from the capital city of Suva is the Fijian village of Namuana. Namuana is at the foot of a beautiful bay close to the Government Station in Vunisea Harbour. Here, the island of Kadavu narrows down to an isthmus (a narrow strip of land connecting two large land masses). Legend says that in the days gone by, the warriors of Kadavu slid their canoes on rollers up over the narrow neck of land to save the long journey around the east and the west of Kadavu Island.

The women of Namuana village still preserve a very strange ritual – that of calling turtles from the sea. If you visit Namuana village to see turtle calling, your boat anchors in a beautiful bay under the cliffs of a rocky headland. You land on the beach and sit on the rocks. Or climb to a rocky tract to a point some 150 or 200 feet up the rock face. From here you can have a splendid view. You will find all the maidens of the village of Namuana assembled and singing a strange chant. As they chant, you will see giant turtles rise one by one on the surface, listening to the music.

This is not fairy tale. It actually takes place. The fishing of turtles is prohibited in this area.

There is another interesting sideline to this performance. If any member of the nearby village of Nabukelevu is present, then the turtles will not rise to the surface of the bay and the turtle calling has to be abandoned.

As is usually the case with such strange ceremonies and customs, in Fiji, the turtle calling is based on an ancient legend. This legend is passed on from father to son among the Fijian people of Kadavu.

Many, many years ago, in the beautiful village of Namuana, on the island Kadavu, lived a very lovely princess called Tinaicoboga. She was the wife of the chief of Namuana village. She had a charming daughter called Raudalice. The two women often went fishing on the reefs around their home.

Once they went farther than usual. They waded out on the submerged reefs. They became so involved with their fishing that they did not see the approach of a big war canoe. I was full of fishermen from the nearby village of Nabukelevu. This village is situated in the shadow of Mount Washington, which is the highest mountain on Kadavu Island. Today this mountain is well known to the mariners because there is a fine light-house there. It warns them of the dangers of the rocky coastline.

Suddenly the fishermen jumped out of their boats and caught the two women. They tied their hands and feet with the vine (the plant on which grapes grow) and threw them into their canoe and they went home in a great hurry. The women begged for their lives. But the cruel fishermen from Nabukelevu did not listen to their requests.

But the gods of the sea were kind. A great storm arose and the canoe was tossed about by huge waves, which almost drowned it. As the canoe was in serious difficulty, the fishermen were surprised to see that the two women lying in the water in the hold of the canoe had turned into turtles. To save their own lives, the fishermen threw the turtles into the sea. Immediately the weather changed and there were no more waves.

The Nabukelevu fishermen continued their journey home. The two women from Namuana who had changed to turtle lived on in the water of the bay. It is their descendants today who rise from the water when the maidens of their own village sing songs to them from the cliffs.

This is the translation of the song chanted by them:
“The women of Namuana are all dressed in mourning
Each carries a sacred club each tattooed in a strange pattern
Do rise to the surface Raudalice so we may look at you
Do rise to the surface Tinaicoboga so we may also look at you.”

You may doubt the truth of the legend. But the chanting of this strange song does bring the giant turtles to the surface of the blue waters of the bay, near Namuana village.
(From a Fijian legend)

The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu Glossary

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 3 Beyond The Horizon Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook Beyond The Horizon Questions and Answers Unit 3

Let’s Begin

Question 1.
Look at the illustration given below.

Give a suitable caption to it.
Answer:
Travel

Question 2.
What more would you like to include in this illustration?
Answer:
An aeroplane, a train, a mountain, a beach, a big hotel, a city, skiing, dancing

Question 3.
Travel is an integral part of modern life. It opens up new horizons and experience. Imagine that you are planning a tour to a place of importance.
What are your criteria for selecting your tourist destination?
Answer:
a) Scenic beauty
b) Good accommodation and good food
c) Entertainment
d) Travel facilities and Safety

Read and discuss :

The lush beauty of a place is a real feast for the eyes. It never fails to attract us. Here is an account of the magical beauty of nature-the panoramic view from the top of Thamarasseri Ghats orThamarasseri Churam (a hilly highway with 9 hairpin curves from Adivaram to Lakkidi, in Wayanad) towards the Arabian Sea.

Read the material given below.
‘High mountains rise to the left with water glistening on bare black rocks like tears of gladness in the eyes of sorrow; forests stretch away here with gentle slope and easy undulation; far below lie swamps choked with thorny thickets and rank coarse grasses in whose bosoms are stored the streams which water those large stretches of rice fields, here sere and yellow after the sickle of the reaper, there whitening unto harvest or again a vivid green where the second crop matures.

Hills everywhere, some arid, red and unfruitful, more covered in the feathery foliage of the Eastern orchards… As the distance grows farther, hill and field all merge into one green plain, and beyond gleams the sea, hard to be discerned from heaven that bends down and meets it. The thought rises from the heart that in such fair and well-ordered beauty, the affairs of this world may perchance appear… so strange, so little comprehendible by us, the dwellers, amid its hills and valleys.

– (Wayanad: It’s Peoples and Traditions by C. Gopalan Nair, 1911)

Question 4.
Discuss the colours mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
Black rocks, yellow rice fields, whitening into harvest, green crops, red hills, green plain.

Question 5.
What gives Thamarasseri its well-ordered beauty?
Answer:
The high mountains with water glistening on bare black rocks, the forests that stretch with gentle slope and easy undulation, the swamps choked with thorny thickets, the harvested rice fields, the vivid green second crops, the hills, the green plain, and he gleaming sea and the sky that bends down to meet the sea gives Thamarasseri its well-ordered beauty.

Question 6.
Pick out the word pictures found in the passage.
Answer:
Thorny thickets coarse grasses sere and yellow

Question 7.
Think of a place in your locality which is noted
for its scenic beauty. Is it attractive and beautiful as the place described in the above passage? Discuss with your friends. (3 Mark)

Read and Enjoy

Question 1.
Travel is an eye-opener. It opens up new, refreshing snapshots before us and often helps us to change our philosophy of life.

… all experience is an arch wherethrough’
Gleams that untravelled world whose margin fades Forever and forever when I move.

Beyond The Horizon About the Author:

– Alfred Lord Tennyson

Ulysses is the speaker of Tennyson’s poem. For him travel is the means to satisfy his unquenchable thirst for knowledge. With his strong determination, ‘to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield’, he plans to go beyond horizons of knowledge and experience. Nowadays the amenities of travel have improved. The opportunities of travel have also increased.

This Unit focuses on travel and the different experience it gives. It takes the students through different areas of travel – adoration of natural beauty, a desire for adventure and an exploration of new cultures, customs and traditions.

It has three lessons:
a) Sunrise on the Hills (a poem)
b) The Trip of Le Horla (a short story)
c) The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu (a Fijian Legend)

Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One English Textbook Answers Unit 2 Chapter 1 And then Gandhi Came Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One English Textbook And then Gandhi Came Questions and Answers Unit 2 Chapter 1 (Essay)

And then Gandhi Came Textual Questions and Answers

Plus One English Unit 2 Chapter 1 Question 1.
What is referred to as the ‘ail powerful monster’?
Answer:
The anger, humiliation and hopelessness felt by the Indian people after World War I was the ‘all powerful monster’ and they could not escape from its grip.

Plus One English Unit 2 Questions And Answers Chapter 1 Question 2.
What was the impact of the First World War?
Answer:
The First World War had a terrible impact on the Indian people as they were cut off from the land and could not do any kind of manual or technical work. This resulted in growing unemployment and poverty and the people felt helpless and hopeless.

Unit 2 Words And Deeds Chapter 1 Question 3.
What does Nehru mean by ‘And then Gandhi came…’?
Answer:
The Indians were in a state of darkness because of their hopelessness and they had no one to guide them. It was at this point that Gandhi came into their lives and gave them hope and showed them a way out of the darkness.

Hss Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 4.
What was the essence of Gandhi’s teaching?
Answer:
The essence of his teaching was fearlessness and truth. He wanted all actions to be controlled by these values so as to help the common people. He also said that people should not be exploited, especially the peasants and the workers, as this resulted in poverty and misery.

Plus One English Textbook Activity Answers Unit 2 Chapter 1 Question 5.
What does the word ‘abhaya’ mean?
Answer:
‘Abhaya’ means fearlessness. It does not mean just physical courage but the absence of fear from the mind.

Hsslive Guru English Plus One Chapter 1 Question 6.
What did Gandhiji exhort the people to do?
Answer:
Gandhiji exhorted the people not to be afraid. The British ruled India through putting fear into people – fear of the army, the police, the secret service, the official class, laws, prison, landlord’s agent, moneylender, unemployment and starvation. Gandhi wanted to remove this fear.

Plus One English Words And Deeds Chapter 1 Question 7.
What did Gandhiji do to remove fear from the minds of the people?
Answer:
He told the people not to be afraid. Fear builds its ghosts which are more fearsome than reality itself. When reality is calmly analysed and its consequences willing accepted, fear goes away. Suddenly the black film of fear was removed from the people’s minds. The need for falsehood and secretive behaviour was lessened.

Hsslive Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 8.
Why was Gandhiji compared to a psychologist?
Answer:
Gandhiji was compared to a psychologist because he brought a psychological change in people. A psychologist probes deep into the patient’s past to find out the origins of his complexes. Gandhiji did the same. He probed deep into the minds of Indians and exposed the needlessness of fear. They were made to feel ashamed for accepting an alien rule that had degraded and humiliated them. They were now filled with a desire not to submit to the repressive rule any longer.

Plus One English And Then Gandhi Came Question Answer Chapter 1 Question 10.
What, according to Gandhiji, is the truth?
Answer:
Truths are relative and absolute truth is beyond us. Different persons take different views of truth and each person is powerfully influenced by his own background, training, and impulses. Gandhi believed that truth is what an individual himself feels and knows to be true.

Plus One English And Then Gandhi Came Notes Chapter 1 Question 11.
How did Gandhiji influence the people of India?
Answer:
Gandhi influenced the people of India in different degrees. Some people changed completely. Some changed only partly. Different people reacted differently. But everyone was influenced one way or the other.

And Then Gandhi Came Questions And Answers Chapter 1 Question 12.
What was the two-fold action involved in Gandhiji’s exhortation?
Answer:
One action involved challenging and resisting foreign rule. The other action involved fighting against our own social evils like untouchability and differentiation of social classes.

Plus One English And Then Gandhi Came Chapter 1 Question 13.
What was the visible change in the value system of the country?
Answer:
Gandhi wanted people to give up their titles given by the British. Although not many people gave up their titles, the prestige associated with the titles lessened. The pomp and splendour associated with the viceroy’s court was seen as foolish. Rich men were now not anxious to show off their riches any more. They adopted simpler ways of dressing and became almost indistinguishable from the common people.

And Then Gandhi Came Chapter Question Answers Chapter 1 Question 14.
What was the influence of Gandhiji in the villages?
Answer:
Gandhiji sent leaders to the villages to awaken the peasants. The peasants were shaken up and began to come out of their shell.

Hss Live Guru Plus One English Notes Chapter 1 Question 15.
What was the India of Gandhi’s dream?
Answer:
He wanted an India where the poorest should feel that it was their country. They should have an effective voice in the ruling. He wanted India not to have class distinctions. He wanted India to be a place whew people lived in perfect harmony. There was no room for untouchability, intoxicating drinks and drugs. Women were to have equal rights with men.

Plus One English Chapter And Then Gandhi Came Chapter 1 Question 16.
What, according to Gandhiji, was the essential culture of India?
Answer:
Indian culture, according to Gandhiji, is neither Hindu nor Islamic but a fusion of all. Although proud of his Hindu inheritance, Gandhiji tried to give Hinduism a kind of universal attire that included all religions within the fold of truth. He refused to narrow his cultural inheritance.

And Then Gandhi Came Answers Chapter 1 Question 17.
What was the psychological revolution that Gandhiji brought about?
Answer:
Gandhiji was an astonishingly vital man full of self-confidence and unusual kind of power. He fascinated the masses of India as he stood for equality and freedom of each individual. He attracted them like a magnet. To them he seemed to link up the past with the future and make the bad present appear as a stepping stone for a future of life and hope.

Activity -1 (Note making)

Plus One English Notes And Then Gandhi Came Chapter 1 Question 1.
Make a note of the above passage. Read the passage again and complete the following:

Answer:

Activity – II (Think and Write)

Question 2.
How did Gandhi enlighten the freedom fighters? What kind of a leadership did Gandhiji take? What was the effect of his leadership? (Answer in a paragraph of 100 words.)
Answer:
When Gandhi came India was in a bad shape. Humiliation, unemployment, poverty and desperation were everywhere. When Gandhiji came things changed. Through his confidence, unusual power, astonishing vitality and exemplary leadership, Gandhi influenced millions of people in India in varying degrees. Some changed completely; others were affected only partly. His call for action was two-fold. One involved in challenging and resisting foreign rule. The other was fighting against our own social evils. His principal aims were freedom through peaceful means, national unity, solution of minority problems, improvement of the depressed classes and the ending of untouchability. The effect of his leadership was electrifying. People were no more willing to suffer under foreign domination. They wanted freedom and they were willing to make any sacrifice for it.

Activity – III: (Speech)

Question 3.
In connection with Gandhi Jayanthi, your school is organizing a programme to propagate the relevance of Gandhian values in the present day. Prepare and deliver a speech before the class. (Hints: peace, fearlessness, truthfulness, influence.)
Answer:
My dear friends,

As you all know, today we are celebrating Gandhi Jayanthi. We are proud that a man like Gandhiji was born in India and he is our Father of the Nation. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbandar in Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He was educated in law at University College, London. In 1891, after having been admitted to the British bar, Gandhi returned to India and attempted to establish a law practice in Bombay. Two years later he went to Durban, South Africa, as a legal advisor. Arriving in Durban, Gandhi found himself treated as a member of an inferior race. He was appalled at the widespread denial of civil liberties and political rights to Indian immigrants to South Africa. He threw himself into the struggle for elementary rights for Indians. Later he returned to India and fought for India’s freedom which finally came on 15 August 1947.

Gandhi is man of peace. He always advocated non-violence. He was known for his fearlessness. That is why he could fight with a mighty power like the British. He was always guided by truthfulness. He influenced millions of people in India in varying degrees. Some changed completely; others were affected only partly. Different people reacted differently and each one had his own answer about the change. His call for action was two-fold. One involved in challenging and resisting foreign rule. The other was fighting against our own social evils. His principal aims were freedom through peaceful means, national unity, solution of minority problems, improvement of the depressed classes and the ending of untouchability.

Gandhi was not just a national figure but an international one. In 1948 he was killed by a fanatic named Nathuram Godse. When he died, Nehru said that The light has gone away from India’. On the 70th birthday of Gandhiji, in 1939, this is what Albert Einstein said about him: “Generations to come, it may be, will scarce believe that such a one as this, ever in flesh and blood, walked upon this earth.

As we celebrate Gandhi Jayanthi, we us pledge that we will follow the path of peace, fearlessness, truthfulness and tolerance which guided Ganhiji all his life. That is the greatest tribute we can pay him. Jai Hind!

Activity – IV (Group Discussion)

Question 4.
‘Women will enjoy the same rights as men … This is the India of my dreams’, Gandhi said. Conduct a group discussion on the topic.
Answer:
Today we are going to have a discussion on equal rights for men am&vomen. Neha, you can start.

Neha : Gandhiji has rightly said that women should enjoy the same rights as men. This is still a dream in India after 68 years of independence. Women form 50 % of the population and by denying them their rights we are obstructing the development of the country. Women should have equal rights as men.

Riya : I agree with Neha that women need equal rights and opportunities for growth .Only when women are treated at par with men the country develop. You can see that all the developed nations in the world treat their citizens equally whether they are male or female. It shows that the a country’s progress depends on all its citizens.

John : I would like to disagree with the view. Men and women have not been created the same. So they do not have to be treated equally. Men are physically stronger than yvomen. They can do strenuous work which women cannot do. So as they are more powerful physically they should not be treated the same as women.

Abraham : Though I agree with John that men are physically stronger than women, I do not think that women are inferior to men. God has given different faculties to each person. Women are adept in certain areas like nursing, education, childcare as they are more sensitive. So men and women may be different but they have skills and mental faculties unique to each gender so all people in a country should have equal rights.

Neha : I would fully agree with Abraham. Women should enjoy the same rights as men. This was Ganhiji’s dream and we ought to do whatever we can to realise his dream.

Activity – V (Letter to the Editor)

Question 5.
Read the sample letter on below:

Refer to three national dailies of a week and analyse how the issues related to women are presented.

Question 6.
Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, about the way in which women’s issues are presented.
Answer:
From
Riya Binoy
Thekkudan House
Irinjalakuda, Thrissur Dt.
Pin 680125
31st July 2014

To
The Editor
The Dawn
Kochi

Sir,
I would like to use your esteemed paperto shed some light on the way women’s issues are presented in our national dailies. Each Newspaper has its own style of presenting news. Some newspapers like to sensationalise things. They blow up every minute detail of the sordid stories related to women trying to increase readership and sales by playing to the fantasies of their readers. There are other papers who project the women as the cause for the trouble and treat the issue in a heartless manner causing undue pain and humiliation to the victims of abuse. Instead of sensitizing the public to the issues faced by women and ways to combat them, newspapers seem to thrive like parasites on the unhappiness and misery of women. It is high time that issues related to women are treated in a sensitive way. Newspapers should ensure that a woman’s dignity and reputation is not hurt in any manner and they should be agents of change, educating the public in treating women with the respect they deserve.

Yours truly,
(Sd /-)
Riya Binoy

Activity – VI (Concord)

Concord means agreement between the subject and the verb in a sentence. A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Study the language tips.

• When a singular subject and a plural subject are joined by either…or, neither…nor, etc., the verb agrees with the subject nearer to it.
  e.g. Ram or his brothers go home every month.
• When two subjects are joined by ‘as well as,’ ‘more than,’ and ‘as much as,’ the verb agrees with the first subject.
  e.g. The girls, as well as their teacher, have left.
• When two subjects are joined by ‘with,’ ‘along with,’ ‘together with,’ ‘in the company of,’ ‘in addition to,’ ‘besides,’ ‘accompanied by,’ etc., the verb agrees with the first subject.
  e.g. My friend, with all his students, has arrived.
• One of/each of/every one of/either/neither of + plural noun (pronoun) carries a singular verb.
  e.g. One of the players was selected for the national team.
• When every or each is used with two singular subjects connected by and, we use a singular verb.
  e.g. Every school and college has a playground.
• A (good/great) deal (of) + singular noun + singular verb.
  e.g. A good deal of time was wasted on this case.
• When ‘one’ means ‘anyone’, ‘everyone’, it is called the ‘indefinite one.’ The indefinite one is not usually replaced by any
  other pronoun.
  e.g. One should do one’s duty for one’s country.
• Expressions like ‘five pounds’, ‘ten rupees’, ‘two weeks’, ‘three miles’, etc. are singular when they are thought of as indicating a single amount, period or distance.
  e.g. Five rupees is not a big sum.
  Three weeks is not a long time.
• ‘A lot (of)’ takes a singular verb when it denotes amount, and a plural verb when it denotes number.
  e.g. A lot of money is spent on construction.
  A lot of petitions have been received.
• Nouns like ‘furniture, machinery, equipment, traffic, luggage, crockery, cutlery, clothing’, etc. are called class collectives. Though plural in meaning, they are singular in form, and are followed by singular verbs.
  e.g. The furniture was bought from Italy.
• Plural words and phrases used as the titles of books take singular verbs.
  e.g. Great Expectations is one of Dickens’ great novels.
• The determiners ‘this’ and ‘that’ go with singular nouns, and ‘these’ and ‘those’ with plural nouns.
  e.g. This girl speaks English better than these boys.

Question 7.
Choose the correct alternative.
Answer:
1. Either Rajesh or his friends have come, (has, have)
2. Neither of us likes coffee, (likes, like)
3. The boy, along with the tourists, has gone, (has, have)
4. Five miles is not a short distance, (are, is)
5. Everyone of you has to attend the meeting, (have, has)

Question 8.
Correct the following sentences.
Answer:
1. Each of the employees is working hard.
2. One of the students is absent today.
3. Neither Lai nor his relatives have arrived.
4. One of us has bought a globe.
5. Neither the man nor his wife is very careful.
6. The books placed on the table need binding.
7. There are a lot of people waiting outside.
8. The police is closely watching all his movements.
9. The price of vegetables is going up.
10. Keep all the luggage in the cloak room, (note: Luggage is a class collective and so does not take ‘s’.)

Activity – VII ( Word finder)

Question 9.
Let’s see how the meaning of the word ‘ pierce’ is given in the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.
What are the items given in this entry?

• Spelling
• Pronunciation /………./
• ……………………..
• ……………………..
• ……………………..

Answer:

• Spelling
• Pronunciation /pjbs/
• Meaning and word class or part of speech
• An example to show the usage
• Other meanings, examples and parts of speech.

Question 10.
The words given below are taken from the passage.
Refer to a dictionary and find out the meaning and the parts of speech of the following words and make your own sentences.

Answer:

Read and Reflect
The ties of human relationships are very strong. They are so complex that we can’t explain them. Words and deeds have a comforting effect and they strengthen relationships. The following story shows the power of words.

And Then Gandhi Came About the Author:

– Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India. He promoted democracy, socialism, secularism and unity. He adapted modern values to the Indian situation. He was a great writer and he wrote world-famous books like The Discovery of India’, ‘Glimpses of World History’ and ‘An Autobiography’. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour.

And Then Gandhi Came Summary

World War I finally ended. But the peace, instead of bringing us relief and progress, brought us repressive legislation and martial law in Punjab. People felt humiliated and were angry. Yet what could we do to change this vicious process? We seemed to be in the grip of some powerful monster. Our minds and our limbs were paralysed. There were many people without any employment and there was extreme poverty. They did not know where to look for help. Neither the old leaders nor the new ones gave them any hope.

The big question was how to pull India out of this bad situation. For many years our people have been offering their ‘blood and toil, tears and sweat’. Now the body and soul of India were in bad shape. Every aspect of our life was poisoned.

And then Gandhi came. He was like a powerful current of fresh air. He was like a beam of light that pierced the darkness de was like a whirlwind that upset many things, especially the minds of the working-class people. He did not come from top. He emerged from the millions of India. He spoke their language.

He asked the exploiters to get off the backs of the peasants and workers. He asked them to remove the system that produces poverty and misery. Political freedom took a new meaning. Many of the things Gandhiji said were not accepted by all people. The essence of his teaching was fearlessness and truth. He always kept the welfare of the masses in view. Our great ancient books tell us that fearlessness is the greatest gift for an individual or a nation. Fearlessness does not mean just bodily courage but absence of fear from the mind. The British ruled India through putting fear into us – fear of the army, the police, the secret service, the official class, laws, prison, landlord’s agent, moneylender, unemployment and starvation. Gandhi wanted to remove this fear. He told the people not to be afraid. It was not easy to free the people from fear.

However, Gandhiji was able remove the fear from the mind of the people to a great extent. Fear is a close companion to falsehood. But truth follows fearlessness. It is not that all the Indians became truthful overnight, but there was visible change in their behaviour. It was a psychological change and people did not need the support of falsehood any more.

There was also a psychological reaction among the people. They were ashamed they were ruled by foreigners who degraded and humiliated them. They had a desire to free themselves from this shameful situation, whatever might be the consequences. Gandhi was always there as a symbol of uncompromising truth.

What is Truth? Truth seems to differ from person to person. My truth may not be your truth. Absolute truth is beyond any one of us. Different people take different views about truth and each person is influenced by his background, training and feelings. We can however say that for an individual truth is what he himself feels and knows to be true. I do not know of any person who holds to the truth as Gandhi does.

Gandhi influenced millions of people in India in varying degrees. Some changed completely; others were affected only partly. Different people reacted differently and each one had his own answer about the change.

His call for action was two-fold. One involved in challenging and resisting foreign rule. The other was fighting against our own social evils. The principal aims of the Congress were freedom through peaceful means, national unity, solution of minority problems, improvement of the depressed classes and the ending of untouchability.

The main supports of the British rule were fear, prestige, the co-operation of the people and certain classes that benefited from the British rule. Gandhi attacked these. He asked the title-holders to give up theirtitles. Only a few responded. But the popular respect for the British-given titles disappeared. New standards and values were set up. Suddenly the luxury and the glory of the viceroy’s court looked very ridiculous. Rich men became reluctant to show off their riches. Many adopted simplerways and in their dress they were almost undistinguishable from the ordinary people.

He sent us to the villages and countryside with many new messages of action. The peasants began to come out of their shells. The effect on us was also great. For the first time we saw the villager in his mud-hut, with poverty always following him. We learnt Indian economics more from these visits than from books. The emotional experience was great and there was no going back to our old life and our old standards.

What kind of India did Gandhiji want? He said he would work for an India where the poorest shall feel that it is their country. In its making they will have an effective voice. There will be no high classes and no low classes here. All communities should live in harmony. There will be no untouchability. There will be no intoxicating drinks and drugs. Women will enjoy the same rights as men. Although he was proud of his Hindu inheritance, he tried to make it universal which would include all religions within its fold. He said Indian culture is neither Hindu, Islamic nor any other, completely. It is a mixture of all. He wanted the culture of all lands to be blown about his house as freely as possible. But he refused to be blown off his feet by any. He said he refused to live in other people’s houses as an intruder, a beggar or a slave. Although he was influenced by modern thoughts, he never let go his roots.

Gandhiji was full of vitality and self-confidence. He had an unusual kind of power. He stood for equality and freedom for each individual. He fascinated the masses of India and attracted them like a magnet. Forthe people, he seemed to be a link between the past and the future making the bad present a stepping stone for a future life of hope. He brought about a psychological revolution not only in his friends but also in his enemies and even the neutrals who would not decide what to think and what to do.

And Then Gandhi Came Glossary

Kerala Plus One English Model Question Papers Paper 3

Time Allowed: 2 1/2 hours
Cool off time: 15 Minutes
Maximum Marks: 80

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘Cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time.
• Use the ‘Cool off time’ to get familiar with questions and to plan ypur answers.
• Read the instructions carefully .
• Read the questions carefully before answering.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except nonprogrammable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

Read the following lines and answer the questions given below:

If thou art worn and hard beset
With sorrows that thou wouldst forget
If thou wouldst read a lesson, that will keep
Thy heart from fainting and thy soul from sleep,
Go to the woods and hills! No tears
Dim the sweet look that Nature wears

Question 1.
Why does the poet suggest to go to the hills and woods?

Question 2.
What does the line,”… No tears Dim the sweet look that Nature wears”, mean?

Question 3.
What message do you get from the above lines?

Question 4.
Choose appropriate words from the box to complete the passage.
however, probably, that, instead, as Yesterday was a bright sunny weekend. I had the chance to participate in a get-together party planned by my friends, (a) …………….. I could not go and meet them; …………….. (b) had to finish the backlog of work (c) …………….. was pending with me. (d) …………….. I would have missed a lot of fun with my friends!

Questions 5 and 6: Read the following excerpt from the story, ‘His First Flight’ and answer the questions.

“The sight of the food maddened him. How he loved to tear food that way, scraping his beak now and again to what it. He uttered a low cackle. His mother cackled too and looked
at him”.

Question 5.
Why did the sight of the food madden him?

Question 6.
Do you think the attitude of the mother bird is apt for the situation? Give reasons. 2

Question 7.
Read the following notice. There are mistakes in it. Edit the mistakes.
Dear students,

The Nature Club of our school are planning to conduct a two day ‘Nature’ camp. Those who wishs to participate are requested to contact the Nature Club convenor.

sd/-
Convenor

Question 8.
Maggie visited Mr. Gupta on the day of his departure. They got into a conversation.
Maggie: Are you leaving today?
Mr. Gupta: Yes, Maggie, today is the day of my departure.
Maggie: How long will it take you to reach your country?
Mr. Gupta: A little more than two weeks.

Later Mr. Gupta reported the conversation to his hostess. He began as follows :

Maggie asked me whether I was leaving that day…

How can you help Mr. Gupta report the entire conversation?

Questions (9 14): Answer any five of the following questions in not more than 80 words. Each question carries 4 scores.

Question 9.
In the poem ‘To Sleep’s the poet mentions about the three sleepless nights he had. He intensely yearns for a night’s sleep. Have you ever had such sleep nights? If so, write about the experience. You can begin like this: If I had slept well…

Question 10.
Write a short note on the role played by Jane Hawking in the life of Stephen Flanking.

Question 11.
While visiting the Island of Kadavu, you were curious to know more about the place. Frame 4 questions pertaining to the legend, geographical features, life style and culture of the place, which you could possibly ask your tour guide.

Question 12.
Mahatma Gandhi entered the Indian political scenario when there was a dire need for good leadership. He exhorted Indians to strive for a two fold action. Explain.

Question 13.
Captain Jovis invited the attention of all the passengers when the balloon was ready for the journey. He made a short introductory speech just before the journey. What could be the words spoken by him?

Question 14.
Mr. Gupta felt tike returning the coin which Maggie had given him to buy flowers. What do you think were his reasons for this?

Questions(15 – 19): Answer any four of the following questions in not less than 100 words. Each question carries 5 scores.

Question 15.
Write an article explaining the need and importance of investing quality time with family and nature rather than with the social media.

Question 16.
Lack of fitness leads to lifestyle diseases among youngsters. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper on this topic.

Question 17.
The Indian Space Research Organization plans to conduct a workshop on the current developments in the field of lnformation Technology. You get an opportunity to represent your school in the workshop. Draft an email to your friend sharing your thoughts regarding this.

Question 18.
‘Action speaks louder than words. Good deeds will be remembered forever’. Write a paragraph about this, supporting your argument

Question 19.
Sketch the character of Hasan in ‘The Serang of Ramaganji’.

Questions (20 – 23): Answer any three of the following each in not more than 250 words. Each question carries 8 scores.

Question 20.
As a news reporter, you are present at the venue to report the trip of the hot air balloon, LeHorla. Prepare a report about the maneuver and the rise of the balloon.

Question 21.
“Pursuing happiness in this world is like chasing our own shadow”. Write an essay on how Chekhov substantiates this view in the story’ Gooseberries’.

Question 22.
The poem ‘If describes the traits of a perfect man. Keeping in mind the views and perspectives of the poet, draft a speech on the topic “Importance of Values in Human Life”.

Question 23.
Read the poem, ‘Where the Sidewalk Ends’ by Shel Silverstein and prepare an appreciation of the poem.

Where the Sidewalk Ends

-Shel Silverstein

There is a place where the sidewalk ends
And before the street begins
And there the grass grows soft and white
And there the sun burns crimson bright
And there the moon-bird rests from his flight
To cool in the peppermint wind.
Let us leave this place where the smoke blows black
And the thek streetwinds and bends
Past the pits where the asphalt flowers grow
We shall walk with a walk that is measured and slow
And watch where the chalkwhite arrows go
To the place where the sidewalk ends.
And we’ll gOw where the chalkwhite arrows go,
Forthechildren, they mark, and the children, they know
Theplace where the sidewalk ends.

[Crimson = red; pepper = a spice used for flavouring food; mint = a green spicy leaf; asphalt = a dark mixture of sand or gravel used for surfacing roads.]

Answers

Answer 1.
If you are tired and troubled with problems go to the forest and hills. You will forget your problems and your mind will be filled with optimism.

Answer 2.
When you are sad and your life is filled with problems, go to the hills and woods to get filled with positively. No tears can get rid of the beauty of nature.

Answer 3.
People who want to forget their sorrows should go to the nature. All your problems will disappear and you will be optimistic.

Answer 4.
a. however
b. instead
c. that
d. probably

Answer 5.
The seagull was mad with hunger. The sight of food maddened him but he was afraid to fly.

Answer 6.
The mother bird wanted him to fly. She came with a piece of fish to tempt him into flight. Hence the attitude of the mother bird is apt for the situation.

Answer 7.
The Nature club of our school is planning to conduct a two day’ Nature Camp’. Those who wish to participate are requested to contact the nature club Convenor.
Sd/-
Convenor

Answer 8.
Maggie asked me whether I was leaving that day. I replied that it was the day of my departure. Maggie asked me how long it took me to reach my country. I replied that it took a little more than two weeks.

Answer 9.
If I had spent well I wouldn’t have been so tired. I could have attended my classes well. I could have scored good marks in my exams and I wouldn’t have failed. I regret the nights I wasted my sleep by unnecessarily playing games in my mobile. Lack of sleep disturbs our mind so have a sound sleep.

Answer 10.
Jane was a shy teenager. She was optimistic and had a strong faith in God. She was in no. way upset by the physical or mental condition of Hawking. Hawking liked her optimism and this made their friendship grow. They thought that together they could achieve something good. He was able to get a research fellowship at Cai;us. They got married in 1965 and had three children. It was, in fact, Janne who gave Hawking the moral courage to overcome his adversity and achieve great thing for mankind. Jane’s words gave Hawking confidence and that is how he applied for a research fellowship at carus.

Answer 11.

• Who do you think are really punished, the Nabukelevu fishermen or two women from Namuana ?
• What do the lines of the song indicate ?
• How according to the legend did the warriors of kadavu save themselves a long joun ey by sea ?
• What does the change in weather signify ?

Answer 12.
The social life of India was disturbed by the first world war. Poverty and unemployment was rampant. The political condition also became worse. It was at this time Gandhi arrived this coming was like a beam of light that pierced the darkness. India’s freedom struggle took a new path. Gandhi stressed the importance of truthfulness and fearlessness. He awarded millions of Indians. He exerted the people to fight against political slavery, economic backwardness, social inequalities and abuses like untouchability and caste system. Gandhi teachings and leadership gave a new energy to India’s freedom movement, morally and politically Gandhiji was a leader of excellence. He is a vital man with self confidence and unusual power. Gandhiji attracted the Indian masses and is enshrined in the minds of millions of people in the world.

Answer 13.
Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to the gas works at La Villete. I know all of you are excited to watch the take off the Le Hork, the hot air balloon. The balloon looks like a cake made of yellow cloth. There are 5 passengers including me and all the final preparations are over. Thank you all of you for gathering here to see fly. Hope you will remember us in you prayers. With this I end my words. Thank you.

Answer 14.
Mr. Guptha wanted to give back the shilling saying that flowers were plenty in India and there was me need of buying them. But then he thought that it would deprive Maggie of the day of the sacrifice for her expired brother. So he accepted it. The price of flowers was a symbiotic of the band of human relation. The one shilling which Maggie gave Mr. Gupta was the fruit of her hard labour.

Answer 15.
Need and Importance of investing quality time with family and nature rather than with social media.
Healthy families Loop good balance between ‘too much’ and not enough time together. They spend enough time to spending all family members. Children learn to bring balance to their lives when they see their parents setting aside time for what they value. The main reason why family time is important is because you need to develop his and bond with your family. Spending family time together ensures that a deep, strong, family bond develops.

In the same way spending more time with nature improves your vitality. If you live naer ” green space you are live likely to be depressed. Exposure to plants and parks boost immunity.

Nowadays it is seen that teenagers as well as adults are spending more time with social media. Social media has advantages as well as disadvantages. Disadvantages include:

Addiction: The addictive part of social media is very bad and can disturb personal live a well. The teenagers are the most affected by the addiction of the social media. They get involved very extensively out off from the society.

Health causes : The excess usage of social media can also have a negative impact in health.

Glamorizes Drugs and Alcohol one of the disadvantages of social media is that people start to follow others who are wealthy and drug addicted and share their videos on the web. Which eventually inspires others to follow the same and get addicted to drug and alcohol.

Answer 16.
From,
Manoj,
S. Nagar,
Trivandrum.

To,
The Editor,
New Indian Express,
Kottayam.

Sub: Life style diseases among youngsters,
Dear sir,

A major problem that we are facing today is life style diseases among youngsters. A major reason of life style disease is lack of fitness.

Life style diseases are defined as diseases linked with the way people live their life. This is commonly caused by alcohol, drug and smoking abuse as well as lack of physical activity. Researchers are stating that strong evidence shows physical inactivity increases the risk of many major adverse health conditions including death. Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic disease, less active and less fit people have a greater risk of developing high blood pressure.

Youngsters are aware about this fact but most of them fail to keep themselves fit. So it would be kind of you if you highlight this topic through the column of your esteemed daily.

Yours truly
sd/-
Name

Answer 17.
To: [email protected]
cc:
Bcc:

Dear Abi,

Hope you are fine. Long since heard from you. I am very happy as I am representing my school in the workshop conducted by ISRO on the topic current developments in the field of I.T. Iam very much excited. This is a great platform for me to learn a lot of new advancements in the field of I.T. I will be leaving tomorrow. Will mail you soon as I return from the workshop. I will take this as a golden opportunity. With this I am ending my mail.

Hoping to hear from you soon.
Your friend
Ajith

Answer 18.
‘Death and Leveller ‘ is a poem about death. The main idea of the poem is vanity and impermanence of earthly glory and power. Death makes no discrimination between high and low, rich and poor, strong and weak and ignorant and learned. It reduces everything to dust. Only the good beside done during the life time will remain forever. Good deeds are seldom remembered, bad deeds are seldom forgotten. The good deed you do today for a brother or sister will come back to you some day, for humanity is a circle in deed. Good deeds from good intentions flow, but good intention only build for us a place below.

Answer 19.
The serang of Ranaganji was short and looked ugly. His name was Hasan and was the Quarter Master of the ship. He was the person who sacrificed his life to save other men. There is no sacrifice greater than giving one’s life for another person. There was a bright future waiting for him. These was an eventful and colourful life ahead of him. But he sacrificed everything, including his life for one of his comrades. What he did is true heroism. It was real sacrifice. He is an example of selfless souls whom the world need.

Answer 20.
“Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the Gas works at La Villete. There are some five hundred people gathered here to watch the take off of Le Horla, the hot air balloon. The balloon has been filled up and it is swelling and wriggling like a huge worm. Now the passengers are getting in. The Captain Jovis, Lieutenant Mallet, Etienne Beer, Paul Blessand and Maupassant are entering into the basket one by one. They seem to be very enthusiastic. The ladies are asked to keep off as there is a possibility of sand being thrown on their heads. Theropeis cut and Le Horla is rising up like a bird. All people are looking up. Their eyes move up as the balloon soars up. They applaud with joy. Le Horla climbs above the city of Paris. It is slowly disappearing. Let us wish the passengers good luck and safe landing. Together with photographer Ajith I am Aish Prabhakar, Asia Net News.”

Answer 21.
Gooseberries by Anton Chekov is a story about two brothers Ivan and Nicholai. Both have different attitudes. Nicholai preferred to live in a farm house, He loved nature, flowers and fruits. Ivan’s attitude was just the opposite through he also loved the country side he was not very passionate. The story Gooseberries is essential a satire on maris search for happiness. Pursuing happiness in this world is like chasing our own shadow. Human life is very much like gooseberries.

Here the brother Nicholai looked after his soul and dis good works in a proud manner. He wished to have a gooseberry bush in his farm and he lived a stingy life to achieve his goal. Nicholai was happy with his life as his dearest dream had come true. He got what he wanted. He laugh with joy on seeing his first gooseberries.

Happiness can be achieved through fulfilment of your dreams. Gooseberries may be hard and sour for Ivan and they are delicious to Nicholai.

Happiness differs from individual to individual.

Answer 22.
A very warm welcome to all. I am here to speak a few words on the topic “Importance of values in Human Life”.

Our value inform our thoughts, words and actions. Our values are important because they help in to grow and develop. The decisions we make are a reflection of our values and beliefs and they are always directed towards a specific purpose. Values are our personal set of beliefs about what is important, unimportant, right, wrong, good and bad. When we are controlled by choices, options or moral dilemmas the decision we make will indicate what values we hold. Human values give worthnen and respect to life.

Moral values are the good values taught to help people lead a disciplined life. Moral values include good habits such as honesty, helpfulness, love, hard work and compassion.

It would the society well if the following seven moral values for students were taught in schools.

• Unconditional love and kindness
• Honesty
• Hard work
• Respect for others
• Compassion
• Forgiveness

We all protect our life because we care for it more than anything else. If life is so important, the values of life are even more important.

Answer 23.
Silverstein begin the poem by describing the place where the side walk ends. He says” and watch where the halkwhite arrow go. To the place where the side walk end” Meaning that if you are alert and aware, the hopeless minded adult can find a way to get to the place where the side walk ends. Silver stain is famous for being a children’s poet yet many of the ideas trucked in the corner of ‘Where the sidewalk ends’ are made for adults.

The place where the side walk end is only encountered by imagination. As he mention the gram growing soft and white and also the ‘ooling of the pepperment wind’s, we know that their is a mental state, how someone view, the world. As silverstein writes in the second stanza, saying ‘Let us leave this place where the smoke blowes black and Dark street winds and bends’. He is refferering the world that adults live in, the one that is for from what he described as the place where the sidewalk ends. There is a transition in the middle of the stanza though, a transition from despair to hope, hope of activating the child like imagination.

The final stanza is simple, yes we’ll walk with a walk that is measured and slow, And we’ll go where the chalk white arrows go, for the children, they man and the children, they know the place where the side wall ends. Sil verstain is saying we’ll follow the arrows and we’ll go. Yes we will open our minds and look for the signs to find the place where the sidewalk ends.

Plus One English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One English Model Question Papers Paper 1

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘Cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time.
• Use the ‘Cool off time’ to get familiar with questions and to plan your answers.
• Read the instructions carefully.
• Read the questions carefully before answering.
• Calculations, figures and graphs should be shown in the answer sheet itself.
• Give equations wherever necessary.
• Electronic devices except nonprogrammable calculators are, not allowed in the Examination Hall.

(Questions 1 — 6): All questions are compulsory. Each carries two scores.

Question 1.
Your class has to conduct a debate on the topic ‘Internet a menace to the society’. Prepare four arguments in favor of the topic.

(Questions 2 & 3): The following lines are taken from the poem, ‘Death, The Leveller’. Read the lines and answer the questions that follow.

Your heads must come To the cold tomb;
Only the actions of the just
Smell sweet and blossom in their dust.

Question 2.
What does the expression, ‘cold tomb’ mean here?

Question 3.
Elaborate on the idea of the above lines.

(Questions 4 — 6): Read the excerpt given below and answer the questions that follow.

Benefits of Yoga
Yoga, developed in India thousands of years ago. Yoga has become an increasingly popular form of exercise all over the world. While there are hundreds of different types of schools of yoga which typically comprise of breathing exercises, meditation and assuming postures that stretch and flex various muscle groups, the main purpose of yoga is to create strength, awareness and harmony in both the mind and body.

Some of the physical benefits of yoga include increased flexibility, muscle strength, improved respiration, energy and vitality, weight reduction, cardiocirculatory health and maintenance of a balanced metabolism. Yoga has a remarkable effect on over mental wellbeing too. Regular yoga practice creates mental clarity and calmness, increases body awareness, relieves chronic stress patterns, relaxes the mind, centers attention and makes deeprooted concentration. It is a great way to get in tune with one’s body and inner self. Choose the right option from the following:

Question 4.
The term, ‘harmony’ means in the passage.
(a) happiness
(b) musical note
(c) agreement
(d) complete

Question 5.
The word, ‘vitality’ means,
(a) important
(b) vigor
(c) life
(d) specialty

Question 6.
What is the main purpose of yoga?

(Questions 7 — 10): Answer any three questions. Each carries four scores.

Question 7.
Read the previous essay on ‘Benefits of Yoga’ and write a precis reducing the passage to its 1/3rd length.

Question 8.
Complete the following report using the correct form of the verbs given in brackets. (You need not rewrite the given sentences)
A seminar on ‘Increasing Road Accidents’ (a) ………………… (hold) at JBN Hall yesterday, at 2 pm. About 200 students (b) ………………… (turn out) to attend the seminar. Kumari Suja, the school Leader, (c) ………………… (be) the moderator. Three papers (d) ………………… (present) in the seminar.

Question 9.
In the story ‘ The Serang of Ranaganji’ Hasan says: ‘ What use is money Doctor Sahib, to, one who has all he needs? I am well enough the way I am.’ Do you agree with Hasan in his
attitude towards money? Justify your answer in a paragraph.

Question 10.
Reid the advertisement given below.
Career Master
Free career guidance classes for students

• For students of all age groups above 10th standard
• Personal.interaction with experts
• Free aptitude test for Higher Secondary students
• For more details contact us
  email: [email protected],

Imagine that you are interested in having a personal interaction with the experts and to attempt the aptitude test. Send an email to this institution to fix an appointment for the first Saturday of April.

(Questions 11 — 20): Answer any eight questions. Each carries five scores.

Question 11.
Imagine that you had a parachute ride over a valley.
Write a travel essay describing this experience. The essay should include a description of the physical features of the area, the practical issues related to the travel, and your experiences and personal impressions.

Question 12.
In the essay ‘Disasters and Disaster Management in India’, you have learned that constructing buildings according to proper guidelines and using good quality materials can reduce the risk arising from disasters. However, you find people violating the norms laid down by the government for constructing such houses. You decide to write a letter to the editor of a local daily to bring this matter before the authorities and the public. Draft a letter which you would send to the editor.

Question 13.
In the story ‘ The Serang of Ranaganji’, Hasan, says: ‘ What use is money Doctor Sahib, to one who has all he needs? I am well enough the way I am.’ Do you agree with Hasan in his attitude towards money? Justify your answer in a paragraph.

Question 14.
Silence a vision of the Serang’s nobility rising before me.
“Yes ………….. in a way ………….. it was a cage ………….. But isn’t it queer, Miss Joe Smith, the animals were all outside”.

What trait of Serang’s character is evident here?

Sketch the character of Hassan in a short paragraph.

Question 15.
I approached the mother’s bedside. The ring was in my hand. Wishing her a good morning I said, ‘Mrs. Clifford, your son is alive. He is Well’.

Do you think, it was proper on the part of Mr. Gupta to tell a lie about Frank to Mrs. Clifford? Justify your answer in a paragraph.

Question 16.
Read the following text about a journey to Nepal. Use the correct tense form of the verbs given in brackets.
Nepal is a fascinating country, I have a great deal to learn about it. Everything (a) ………….. (be) so different, and I (b) ………….. (try) to adapt to the new way of life here. I tried to learn a little bit of the language to make communication easier. Unfortunately, I (c) ………….. (not learn) foreign languages quickly. Although I do not understand much I believe that I will improve gradually.

Question 17.
Your class is conducting a group discussion on ‘ The Relevance of Gandhian ideas in the 21st century. ‘Imagine that you are also participating in it. What would you speak? Prepare a script for your presentation. (Word Limit: 50 to 60 words)

Question 18.
Fill in the following passage choosing the right word given in the box, unfortunately, therefore, but, so
Frank and Isobel Hawking, Stephen’s parent’s, were not wealthy, (a) ………….. they believed in the value of education, (b) ………….. they planned for Stephen to go to Westminster, a famous public school in the heart of London. (c) ………….. Stephen was ill at the time of the scholarship examination for Westminster, (d) ………….. he attended the local Saint Alban’s School.

Question 19.
The following information is about the famous person, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. Prepare a profile of him.

• Birth: 15th October 1931, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.
• Education: Specialized in Aeroengineering from Madras Institute of Technology.
• Career: Joined DRDO in 1958 and ISRO in 1963. Was Principal Scientific Advisor to Govt, of India. Scientific Advisor to Defence Ministry. 11thPresident of India (20022007).
• Awards: Padmabhushan in 1981 Padmavibhushan in 1990 Bharat Ratna in 1997

Question 20.
Nicholai, in the story ‘Gooseberries’, has plans to buy an estate. He comes across the following advertisement in a newspaper.

Nicholai calls the agent. Write the script of the telephonic conversation between Nicholai and the agent.

(Questions 21 23): Answer any two questions. Each carries eight scores.

Question 21.
Imagine that you had a parachute ride over a valley.
Write a travel essay describing this experience. The essay should include a description of the physical features of the area, the practical issues related to the travel, and your experiences and personal impressions.

Question 22.
William Wordsworth in his poem, “To Sleep” invites sleep to come and bless him. He finds it is too difficult to sleep peacefully. So he calls a psychiatrist over the phone. Prepare a telephonic conversation between Wordsworth and the doctor.

Question 23.
Read the sonnet given below and write a note of appreciation.

Upon Westminster Bridge

William Wordsworth

Earth has not anything to show more fair:
Dull would he be of soul who could pass by
A sight so touching in its majesty:
This City now doth like a garment wear

The beauty of the morning: silent, bare,
Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie
Open unto the fields and to the sky,
All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.

Never did sun more beautifully steep
In his first splendor valley, rock, or hill;
Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm do deep!

The river glideth at his own sweet will:
Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;
And all that mighty heart is lying still!

(Westminster Bridge: the bridge across the river Thames in London, hath: has, doth: does, dome: round roof, glideth: glides)

Answers

Answer 1.

• Even food habits of the people are changed because of internet.
• Many people use the internet for perpetrating crimes.
• Internet takes away peoples valuable time which could be used for better purposes.
• The internet tempts boys to get the latest gadgets, cars and bikes. When they fail to get them in the normal way, they try criminal methods.

Answer 2.
Death

Answer 3.
This is a poem on death. Everyone will have to face death at the end. All the earthly joys and achievements will end with death. What will remain are the good actions of the virtuous people. Their fragrance will spread across and will bear fruit forever.

Answer 4.
(c) agreement

Answer 5.
(b) vigor

Answer 6.
The main purpose of yoga is to create strength, awareness and harmony in both the mind and body.

Answer 7.
Yoga has become a popular form of exercise. The main purpose of yoga is to create strength, awareness and harmony in both the mind and body. Yoga has many physical benefits. It increases vitality and reduces illnesses. Yoga refreshes the mind and gives it deeprooted concentration.

Answer 8.
a. was held
b. turned out
c. was
d. were presented

Answer 9.
I quite agree with Hasan in his attitude towards money. Money is the means by which people try to acquire what they need. Some people have greater needs than others. Needs are unlimited and one can go on earning money without any limit. The basic needs of man are food, clothes and shelter. Hasan has them and he is happy. He was unmistakably sincere, completely detached from the usual hope of reward. Money had no interest for him, he had always despised it.

Answer 10.
To: [email protected]
From: [email protected].
Subject: Application for taking an aptitude test.
Sir,

I would like to have a personal interaction with the experts in your institution and to take the free aptitude test so that I can choose a right career in my life. Kindly arrange an interactive session on the first Saturday of May this year.
Looking forward to your reply mail. Thanking you.

Yours Sincerely,
Name.

Answer 11.
Parachute ride over a valley
My parents promised to take me for a parachute ride if I passed my board exams with high scores. I worked hard and scored well. So my parents kept their word. We decided to go to Mysore. Mysore is the second biggest city in Karnataka and hosts several skydiving camps. Most of the skydiving camps in Mysore are located at the base of the Chamundi Hills. Mysore is one of the best places to skydive in India. The climate was favorable for the journey. We started our journey in the morning by flight and reached Mysore by afternoon. In the evening we reached the spot. The spot was crowded with people. I was very excited as this was my first experience. My parents and I along with the guide entered the basket of the multi-colored parachute. The weather was calm and quiet. We were rising and we have risen almost two hundred feet. We floated along through space in delicious inertia. We felt like birds who did not even have to flap their wings. We widely enjoyed the fantastic journey; nothing in the sky but the moon and ourselves. The landing was beyond beautiful.

Answer 12.
Senders Address
Date
Addressee
Sir,

This is to bring to your notice that certain construction companies are not following the proper guidelines needed for construction and also cheap quality materials are being used for construction purposes. The fact is that many of the buildings under constructions are in danger of falling down sooner or later. The greedy contractors use substandard materials for construction. They reduce the quantity of cement because cement is quite expensive. Low quality and is used as sand is also expensive. The contractors break all the norms of constructions laid by the corporation. Some corrupt corporation officials close their eyes to the reality and give fitness certificates to such poorly constructed buildings. These buildings endanger the lives of the people who live in them. People should. respect human lives which are priceless. The Corporation and other authorities in the State should ensure that buildings are constructed according to the safety norms prescribed by the government. It would be kind of you if you could publish an article regarding this matter in your esteemed daily. ,

Yours truly
(Sd/-)

Answer 13.
I quite agree with Hasan in his attitude towards money. Money is the means by which people try to acquire what they need. Some people have greater needs than others. Needs are unlimited and one can go on earning money without any limit. The basic needs of man are food, clothes and shelter. Hasan has them and he is happy. He was unmistakably sincere, completely detached from the usual hope of reward. Money had no interest for him, he had always despised it.

Answer 14.
The serangs courage is evident here.
Hassan was the serang on Ranaganji. He was not good looking and he did not have a proportionate body. In fact, some people even laughed at him. But he was courageous and serviceable. When two sailors contracted smallpox, he volunteered to make a special enclosure in the ship and looked after them. More people became victims of this deadly disease. He looked after all of them and helped Dr. Cronin in their treatment. When two of them died, he gave them a fitting burial in the sea. He being a Muslim Chanted words from the Ramayana as part of the Hindu ritual. Hassan possessed great qualities like courage service mindedness and religious tolerance. He promised himself to be a self-sacrificing and unselfish young man. Such people are very rare in this world.

Answer 15.
Mrs. Clifford was seriously ill. Her illness aggravated due to her worries about her son. When Maggie requested Mr. Gupta to look into the crystal ring and tell her mother that her son Frank was alive and well even if he. saw nothing in the crystal wing, he obliged her. Gupta had no faith in it. He knew it was a superstition. Even then he did it in order to console a sick mother. The words of Mr. Gupta made her recover from her illness. Though it was a lie, it was an innocent lie, and it cured the womans illness. So it was proper on the part of Mr. Gupta. The recovery of Mrs. Clifford justified Mr. Guptas action and words

Answer 16.
(a) is
(b) am trying
(c) cannot learn

Answer 17.
I would say that some of the Gandhian ideas are quite relevant even in the twentieth century. The biggest idea of Gandhi was nonviolence. Every day we hear of wars and killings. People are killing one another in the name of religion. Even India is not free from religious intolerance. Gandhi taught us that though the names of God is different some people call him Ishwar and some call him Allah. Both are the names of the same Almighty. So there is no need to fight, as we all Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Buddhists and Christians are the children of the same father. Gandhi taught people to practise truth. He also taught us the dignity of labor. His ideas of truth, non-violence, hard work, respect of human rights etc are still very much relevant in the 21st century.

Answer 18.
a. but
b. so
c. unfortunately
d. Therefore

Answer 19.
Dr. API Abdul Kalam
Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October 1931, at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu. After his school education he joined Madras Institute of Technology and specialized in Aero engineering. He started his professional career in DRDO in 1958 and in ISRO in 1963. Later he became Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India. Then he was appointed as scientific advisor to the Defence Ministry. He was elected the eleventh President of India and remained in that post from 2002 to 2007. He was awarded the Padmabhushan in 1981 the Padmavibhushan in 1990 and the Bharat Ratna in 1997.

Answer 20.
Nicholai : Hello Is this the estate agent?
Agent : Yes speaking. May I know who this is?
Nicholai : I’m Nicholai. I saw the advertisement about the 300 acres with a farmhouse, park and river nearby.
Agent : The expected price is around 3 million rubles.
Nicholai : Yeah I have seen that. But the price quoted is too high.
Agent : The price is negotiable.
Nicholai : Ok fine. What would be your final price?
Agent : We can come down to 2.5 million. For that price, it would be a good buy.
Nicholai : Alright. We shall meet tomorrow and work out the deal.
Agent : Give me your details.
Nicholai : Nicholai Ivanich, Boris avenue, 17th street, Moscow. Email [email protected]
Agent : Ok, I got it. I will meet you tomorrow at 10.30. Bye
Nicholai : Okay! Bye!

Answer 21.
Parachute ride over a valley
My parents promised to take me for a parachute ride if I passed my board exams with high scores. I worked hard and scored well. So my parents kept their word. We decided to go to Mysore. Mysore is the second biggest city in Karnataka and hosts several skydiving camps. Most of the skydiving camps in Mysore are located at the base of the Chamundi Hills. Mysore is one of the best places to skydive in India. The climate was favorable for the journey. We started our journey in the morning by flight and reached Mysore by afternoon. In the evening we reached the spot. The spot was crowded with people. I was very exicted as this was my first experience. My parents and me along with the guide entered the basket of the multi-colored parachute. The weather was calm and quiet. We were rising and we have risen almost two hundred feet. We floated along through space in delicious inertia. We felt like birds who did not even have to flap their wings. We widely enjoyed the fantastic journey; nothing in the sky but the moon and ourselves. The landing was beyond beautiful.

Answer 22.
Wordsworth: Good morning Dr. Smith. I am William Wordsworth. I want your help, doctor.
Dr. Smith: Goodmorning, Mr.Wordsworth what help can I do for you?
Wordsworth: It is something related to your profession.
Dr. Smith: Come on, tell me your problem.
Wordsworth: For the last three nights I did not get any sleep at all. When I lie in bed various thoughts come to my mind. I see flocks of sheep leisurely passing one after the other, I hear humming of bees and the sounds of the rain. I also hear the fall of rivers, winds and seas.
Dr. Smith: There is nothing to be afraid Mr. Wordsworth you see such things in imagination because you are too much preoccupied with nature and its objects and phenomena.
Wordsworth: It may be so. But what am I to do without sleep? I cannot enjoy the beauty of the morning unless I sleep. I expected to get some sleep last night, which was my third sleepless night.
D r. Smith: You send someone to me. I shall give some tablets. You take one tablet each before you go to sleep for three days. Then, give me a call. If you get sleep, you can discontinue the medicine.
Wordsworth: I shall send someone now itself Thank you, doctor.
Dr. Smith: It’s my duty.

Answer 23.
The poem “Upon Westminster Bridge” by William Wordsworth is a sonnet. The first eight lines praise the beauty of the City in the early morning light, as the poet stands on Westminster Bridge admiring the surrounding buildings. The poet says that the earth does not have anything to show fairer than this sight. One who passes this sight without noticing it must be a dull person. The morning is beautiful, silent and bare. Ships, towers, domes, theatres and temples lie open to the fields and to the sky. They are all shining as the air is without any mist and smoke at the moment. In the last six lines the poet says that the sun never steeped the valley, rock or hill in greater glory than he is doing now. The river is flowing at its own sweet will. Even the houses seem to lie still. The mighty heart of London seems to lie still.

Plus One English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One English Previous Year Question Paper 2015

General Instructions to Candidates

• There is a ‘Cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 2 V2 hrs.
• You are neither allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’.
• Read the questions carefully before answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Electronic devices except nonprogrammable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

(Question.1 to 3): Read the following excerpt from the story, ‘His First Flight’ and answer the questions that follow.

He waited a moment in surprise, wondering why she did not come nearer and then maddened by hunger, he dived at the fish with a loud scream; he fell outwards and downwards into space. His mother had swooped upwards. As he passed beneath her, he heard the swish of her wings.

Question 1.
Who is‘she’ referred to here? (1)

Question  2.
What prompted the young seagull to fly finally? (2)

Question 3.
Write a paragraph about the role of parents in helping children to attain their goal. (3)

Question 4.
A group of foreigners from France visit your locality. They intend to visit a few tourist destinations in our state. Prepare a short write-up about one or two famous tourist centers in your district.
[Hints : Name -location – major attractions – how to reach there] (4)

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks in the following passage choosing the right words given in the box.
Similarly, in accordance, Moreover, Therefore
In developing countries, only 30% of the buildings are constructed …..(a) with the regulations laid down for ensuring safety and security….(b) the lack of a master plan and the inferior quality of materials used for construction also aggravate the
casualties arising out of disasters ……….(c)….., both private and public buildings should
be constructed according to the guidelines prescribed by law ….(d)…., constructions should strictly adhere to the master plan approved by the authorities. (4)

Question 6.
Your school is conducting a debate on the topic, “Do the social networking sites intrude into ones privacy?” Prepare four arguments in favour of this topic. (4)

(Question 7 to 11): Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

Benefits of Yoga

Yoga, developed in India thousands of years ago. Yoga has become an increasingly popular form of exercise all over the world. While there are hundreds of different types of schools of yoga which typically comprise of breathing exercises, meditation and assuming postures that stretch and flex various muscle groups, the main purpose of yoga is to create strength, awareness and harmony in both the mind and body.

Some of the physical benefits of yoga include increased flexibility, muscle strength, improved respiration, energy and vitality, weight reduction, cardio-circulatory health and maintenance of a balanced metabolism. Yoga has a remarkable effect on over mental well-being too. Regular yoga practice creates mental clarity and calmness, increases body awareness, relieves chronic stress patterns, relaxes the mind, centers attention and makes deep-rooted concentration. It is a great way to get in tune with one’s body and inner self.

Choose the right option from the following:

Question 7.
The term,‘ harmony’means in the passage. (1)
a) happiness
b) musical note
c) agreement
d) complete

Question 8.
The word,‘vitality’means (1)
a) important
b) vigour
c) life
d) speciality

Question 9.
What is the main purpose of yoga? (2)

Question 10.
Mention two important benefits of yoga. (2)

Question 11.
Read the previous essay on ‘Benefits of Yoga and write a precise reducing the
passage to its 1/3rd length. (4)

Question 12.
Imagine that you are a tourist guide working with the tourism department of Fiji. Make an introductory speech to a group of tourists from Europe to welcome them to
Namuana (3)

(Question. 13 to 14): The following lines are taken from the poem, ‘Death, The Leveller’. Read the lines and answer the questions that follow.

Your heads must come
To the cold tomb;
Only the actions of the just
Smell sweet and blossom in their dust.

Question 13.
What does the expression, cold tomb’ mean here?

Question 14.
Elaborate on the idea of the above lines.

Question 15.
Captain Jovis was interviewed by a news reporter before the take off of Le-Horla.
There are the few questions that the reporter puts forth. Read the questions and prepare the likely responses. Reporter Captain Jovis Reporter Captain Jovis Reporter Captain Jovis Reporter Captain Jovis
Reporter : Sir, this is your first experience in a hot air balloon.
How do you feel?.
Captain Jovis : Yes, I am really excited as well as nervous.
Reporter : Will you please introduce your supporting crew?
Captain Jovis : 1) …………..
Reporter : What all are the arrangements made for the flight?
Captain Jovis : 2) ………….
Reporter : ¡s guiding a balloon an easy task?
Captain Jovis : 3)…………….

Question 16.
Complete the following report using the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.
ABCD Higher Secondary School ……….(a) ………(celebrate) Gandhi Jayanthi on 2nd October, 2014. The school principal
……….(b) …………. (welcome) the gathering. The meeting …..(c)……….(preside) over by the RT.A. president and the local freedom
fighter, Appu Asan …(d)………..(inaugurate) the function. (4)
Answer:
(a) celebrated
(b) welcomed
(c) was presided
(d) inaugurated

Question 17.
Silence – a vision of the Serang’s nobility rising before me.
“Yes in a way it was a cage But isn’t it queer, Miss Jope Smith,
the animals were all outside”.
What trait of Serang’s character is evident here?
Sketch the character of Hassan in a short paragraph. (4)

Question 18.
I approached the mothers bedside. The ring was in my hand. Wishing her a good morning I said, ‘Mrs. Clifford, your son is alive. He is Well’. (4)
Do you think, it was proper on the part of Mr. Gupta to tell a lie about Frank to Mrs. Clifford? Justify your answer in a paragraph. (5)
OR
‘What kind of a country is India, Sir?’ asked Mrs. Clifford, as she resumed her cooking.
What impression of India is created by Mr. Gupta in the mind of Mrs. Clifford?

Question 19.
The following information is about the famous person, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam. Prepare a profile of him.
Birth : 15lh October, 1931, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu.
Education : Specialized in Aeroengineering from Madras Institute of
Technology.
Career : Joined DRDO in 1958 and ISRO in 1963.
Was Principal Scientific Advisor to Govt, of India.
Scientific Advisor to Defence Ministry. 11th President of india (2002-2007).
Awards : Padmabhushan in 1981, Padmavibhushan in 1990, Bharat Ratna in 1997 (5)

Question 20.
William Wordsworth in his poem, “To Sleep” invites sleep to come and bless
him. He finds it is too difficult to sleep peacefully. So he calls a psychiatrist over the phone. Prepare a telephonic conversation between Wordsworth and the doctor. (4)

Question 21.
Imagine that you got an opportunity to visit Wayanad. Write a travel essay describing your experience. The essay should include a description of the physical features of the area, the practical issues related to the travel and your experiences and personal impressions. (6)
OR
In the extract, ‘The Sacred Turtles of Kadavu’, you read about a Fijian ritual.
Write a short article on a ritual popular in your locality.

Question 22.
Narrate the beauty of Nicholai s estate from the point of view of lvanich. You may begin thus : The fresh air from the gooseberry orchards can be felt here in this time of early morning (6)

Question 23.
Read the poem given, below and write a note of appreciation.

Good Deeds by Sasikanth Nishanth Sarma
The World is a double-edged knife
And we have only one life Enjoy it, live it well.
In good company do dwell.
Always do good -deeds Sow in yourself character s seeds
Cultivate mind with manure of thought For ages, the experiences brought.
Feed your life with good deeds So that there is no place for weeds.
To harm, that oft leads
The decay of characters seeds
The one who wants to succeed
He must always heed
And must seek
The good qualities
And not the quantities
A wise man can only pleads
But you have to pay heed What are you needs?
Then decide what to do
And what not to do

Answers

Answer 1.
The young seagulls mother

Answer 2.
Hunger prompted the young seagull to fly.

Answer 3.
It is the responsibility of parents to help their children attain their goal. As children you may not always take things seriously. Some times the parents will scold their children; sometime they may deny their demands, etc. though it may be thought as cruelty from their part, they do such things out of love for their children. They are always concerned about their childrens future.

Answer 4.
Thusharagiri is a beautiful spot which tourists must visit. Its location is in the western Ghats, below the Wayanadan hills. It is 55 kilometres away from Kozhikode city .There are roads leading to Thusharagiri from Kozhikode, Kappad beach and Wayand. The attractions of Thusharagiri are the three waterfalls, the Thanni Muthassi and the panoramic beauty of the Waynadan forests. Tourists can bath in the cool and pure water. For those who want to enjoy trekking, there is the facility, accompanied by guides. Good food also is available there.

Answer 5.
(a) in accordance with
(b) similarly
(c) therefore
(d) moreover

Answer 6.
Social networking sites intrude into one’s privacy in several ways :

• Social networking sites give vulgar and explicit sex material.Young people are naturally curious about such things.
• Students often copy materials as they are from social networking sites for their assignments and projects.
• Continuous use of such sites will make people addict to them, and this will prevent them from doing their duties.
• Accepting requests from unknown people on the site can have serious consequences.

Answer 7.
c) agreement

Answer 8.
b) vigour

Answer 9.
The main purpose of yoga is to create strength, awareness and harmony in both the mind and body.

Answer 10.
Yoga makes people physically strong.
Yoga gives deep-rooted concentration of the mind.

Answer 11.
Yoga has become a popular form of exercise. The main purpose of yoga is to create strength, awareness and harmony in both the mind and body. Yoga has many physical benefits. It increases vitality and reduces illnesses. Yoga refreshes the mind and gives it deep-rooted concentration.

Answer 12.
Ladies and gentlemen, you are welcome to this beautiful island. I am guide Fernandex. I wish you all a nice time here. Fiji is a multi-cultured island nation, having the cultural tradition of the people of Oceanic, European, South – Asian, and East Asian origins. It consists of nearly 320 islands in the South West Pacific Ocean. It is 3152 kms away from Sydney, Australia. Nearly a hundred of these islands are inhabited. You can enjoy the little ports and beautiful sea-coasts. You can enjoy boat journeys and also tasty dishes of various kinds of fish. So ladies and gentlemen, let us enjoy ourselves.

Answer 13.
Death

Answer 14.
This is a poem on death. Every one will have to face death at the end. All the earthly joys and achievements will end with death. What will remain are the good actions of the virtuous people. Their fragrance will spread across and will bear fruit for ever.

Answer 15.

1. Well, this is Lieutenant Mallet, this is M.Etierine Beer, and this is M.Paul Bessant and this is Guy de Maupassant.
2. The basket for the traveller to sit in was attached to the balloon and barometers were brought. The two trumpets, the eatables, the overcoats and raincoats and all the small articles that could go with the men in the flying basket were arranged.
3. Guiding the balloon is not an easy task. Winds and storms may change its course.

Answer 16.
(a) celebrated
(b) welcomed
(c) was presided
(d) inaugurated

Answer 17.
Serang’s courage is evident here. Hassan was the serang on Ranaganji. He was not good looking and he did not have a laughed at him. But he was courageous and serviceable. When two sailors contracted smallpox, he volunteered to make a special enclosure in the ship and looked after them.
More people became victims of this deadly disease. He looked after all of them and helped Dr. Cronin in their treatment. When two of them died, he gave them fitting burial in the sea. He being a Muslim Chanted words from the Ramayana as part of the Hindu ritual. Hassan possessed great qualities like courage service-mindedness and religious tolerance. He promised himself to be a self -sacrificing and unselfish young man. Such people are very rare in this world.

Answer 18.
Mrs. Clifford was seriously ill. Her illness aggravated due to her worries about her son. When Maggie requested Mr. Gupta to look into the crystal ring and tell her mother that her son Frank was alive and well even if he saw nothing in the crystal wing, he obliged her. Gupta had no faith in it. He knew it was a superstition. Even then he did it in order to console a sick mother. The words of Mr. Gupta made her recover from her illness. Though it was a lie, it was an innocent he, and it cured the woman’s illness. So it was proper on the part of Mr. Gupta. The recovery of Mrs. Clifford justified Mr. Gupta’s action and words.
OR
Mr. Gupta described to Mrs. Clifford that India was a beautiful country. It is not cold like England, but some what hot. Of course, there are tigers and snakes in India, but they live in the jungles. If they came to places where people live, they would be killed. There are fevers in some places in india. But they differ with places and seasons. This impression of India given by Mr. Gupta removed from her the fear she had about her son’s living conditions in India.

Answer 19.
Dr. API Abdul Kalam
Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam was born on 15 October,1931, at Rameswaran in Tamil Nadu. After his school education he joined Madras Institute of Technology and specialized in Aero engineering. He started his professional career in DRDO in 1958 and in ISRO in 1963. Later he became Principal Scientific Advisor to the Government of India. Then he was appointed as scientific advisor to the Defence Ministry. He was elected the eleventh President of India and remained in that post from 2002 to 2007. He was awarded the Padmabhushan in 1981 the Padmavibhushan in 1990 and the Bharat Ratna in 1997.

Answer 20.
Wordsworth : good morning Dr. Smith. I am William Wordsworth. I want your help, doctor.
Dr. Smith : good morning, Mr.Wordsworth what help can I do for you?
Wordsworth : It is something related to your profession.
Dr. Smith : come on, tell me your problem.
Wordsworth : for the last three nights I did not get any sleep at all. When I lie in bed various thoughts come to my mind. I see flocks
of sheep leisurely passing one after the other, I hear humming of bees and the sounds of the rain. I also hear the fall of rivers, winds and seas.
Dr. Smith: There is nothing to be afraid Mr. Wordsworth you see such things in imagination because you are too much preoccupied with nature and its objects and phenomena.
Wordsworth : It may be so. But what am to do without sleep? I cannot enjoy the beauty of the morning unless I sleep. I expected to get some sleep Last night, which was my third sleepless night.
Dr. Smith : You send someone to me. I shall give some tablets. You take one tablet each before you go to sleep for three days. Then,
give mean call. If you get sleep, you can discontinue the medicine.
Wordsworth : 1 shall send someone now itself you. doctor.
Dr. Smith : It’s my duty.

Answer 21.
My Visit to Wavanad
Wayanad is a green, beautiful piece of land that lies on the north-east borders of Kerala. It is about sixty kiolmeters from Kozhikode. The Kerala- Karnataka highway takes us to Wayanad. The panoramic beauty of the Thamar- assery Ghats provides a feast to the eyes. Thamar- assery Ghats is a hilly highway with nine hairpin curves from Adivaram to Lakkidi. It is known as the Tharachuram. At Lakkidi there is beautiful lake where you can enjoy boat journey. On the way to Lakkidi on either side of the road we can see monkeys sitting in rows as if they are there to welcome the tourists.

They sit there hoping to get eatables like nuts, fruits, etc. The forests around are rich in wild life-elephants, tigers and such other animals are found in plenty. Cash crops such as tea, coffee and pepper are grown here. Paddy also is cultivated. There is a jain temple which is constructed fully in glass. There is also the Thirunelli temple and river which are considered as holy. On the whole, we enjoyed our visit to Wayanad.
OR
The celebration of Onam is based on a legend. Malayalees believe that once upon a time there lived a king in Kerala, named Mahabali. He was a just king and during his rule all people were equal. There was no cheating, no exploitation, and no corruption. All the people were prosperous and happy. But some of the gods became jealous of him. They wanted to overthrow Mahabali. Va mana, one of the gods, came in the form of a poor asectic. He begged three feet of land from Mahabali. He being very kind obliged him and gave him permission to measure the land he had asked for. Vamana began to grow in size and became as tall as the sky.

The god measured two feet and the whole land was over. He asked Mahabali where he would have his third foot of land. The good king bent his head and told him to measure it on his head. The cruel Vamana put his foot on Mahabalis head and he was pushed into the underworld. While going into the underworld Mahabali asked one favour from Vamana, namely, he should be permitted to visit his subjects in Kerala once a year. It was granted and Malayalees celebrate Onam as the day on which Mahabali visits his people. Onam is celebrated as the national festival of Kerala. Flower carpets are arranged infront of every house. Sumptuous meals are prepared in every house. Boat races, tiger dances and such other entertainments are organized during the Onam season.

Answer 22.
The fresh air from the gooseberry orchards can be felt here in this time of early morning. Nicholai called his estate Tchimbarshove Corner, or Himalayskoe. It was full of ditches, fence, hedges, row of young fir-trees, trees everywhere, and it was difficult to cross the yard or where to put your horse. Ivanich went to the house and was met by a red-haired dog, as fat as a pig. He tried to bark but felt too lazy. Out of the kitchen came out the cook who was also as fat as a pig. It was an estate with there hundred areas of land with a farm house, a cottage, and a park, but there was no orchard. Nicholai ordered twenty gooseberry bushes and setded down to a country life. Ivanich was happy to find his brother contented in life.

Answer 23.
Good Deeds – Sasikanth Nishatith Sarma.
As the title of the poem suggests, the poem is about the good deeds that we do and the good results they produce. The world is a mixture of happiness and sorrow. The poet reminds the readers that there is only one life and it should be enjoyed. At the same time we should take care to keep company with good people. We should saw the seeds of virtues and cultivate the mind with healthy thoughts obtained from the experiences for ages. Keep on doing good deeds so that you do not have time to do bad things.

If you do any harm to anyone, it will be a blemish on your character. One, who wants to succeed in life, must always pay attention to acquire good qualities. It is not the quantity but the quality that matters. A wise man can only give advice. But it is you who should know what yours needs are. Then you decide what to do and what not to do.It is a moral poem written in twenty two lines. The poem is written in rhyming couplets. Every two lines rhyme. Knife/ life, well/dwell are examples. The poem is written in simple language.

Plus One English Previous Year Question Papers and Answers

Kerala Plus One English Previous Year Question Paper 2016

Maximum: 80 Scores
Cool off time : 15 Minutes

General Instructions to Candidates:

• There is a ‘Cool off time’ of 15 minutes in addition to the writing time of 272 hrs.
• You are neither allowed to write your answers nor to discuss anything with others during the ‘cool off time’ .
• Read the questions carefully before answering.
• All questions are compulsory and only internal choice is allowed.
• When you select a question, all the sub-questions must be answered from the same question itself.
• Electronic devices except nonprogrammable calculators are not allowed in the Examination Hall.

(Question. 1 & 2): Read the lines from the poem ‘Death The Leveller’ and answer the questions that follow.

The garlands wither on your brow;
Then boast no more your mighty deeds!
Upon Deaths purple altar now
See where the Victor-victim bleeds; .

Question 1.
What is meant by “Deaths purple altar”? (1)

Question 2.
Explain the message conveyed by the above lines. (3)

Question 3.
In ‘1 will Fly’ you have met a nervous boy from a remote village who asked Dr.. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam a question. Imagine that the boy sends a letter to his friend describing the incident. Here is an excerpt from the letter. Complete it Meeting Dr. Abdul Kalam was really a wonderful experience. Now, 1 feel very confident.

Question 4.
Esther Dyson, in ‘The Cyberspace, says that there is something in the modern psyche that loves new frontiers, a liking to make rules instead of following them. Do you agree with this statement? Express your views in 2 or 3 sentences. (2)

(Question. 5 to 7): Read the following excerpt from the story, ‘The Trip of Le Horla’ and answer the following questions.

Suddenly, the people begin to stand beck, for the gas is beginning to enter into the balloon through a long tube of yellow cloth, which lies on the sell, swelling and undulating like an enormous Worm. But another thought, another picture occurs to every mind. It is thus nature itself nourishes beings until their birth. The creature that will rise, soon begins to move, and the attendants of Captain Jovis, as Le Horla grows larger, spread and put in place the net which covers it, so that the will be regular and equally distributed at every point,

Question 5.
What is the balloon compared to?
a) tube
b) worm
c) soil
d) picture (1)

Question 6.
The meaning of ‘nourish’ is
a) clear
b) rage
c) feed
d) yell (1)

Question 7.
How is the balloon equipped for the ride? (3)

Question 8.
‘Gooseberries’ by Anton Chekov presents the life of Ivan lvanich and Niohola Ivanich. Of
these two brothers, whom do you like? Write four Sentences justifying your Choice. You may begin with I‘d prefer/1 like/1 would/1 feel etc. (4)

Question 9.
Read the following information about Albert Einstein and prepare a short Profile.
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
Born in Germany ………… from childhood revealed an extraordinary curiosity for understanding the mysteries of science ………. took music lessons, playing both the violin and piano …….. in 1905, published his most influential research papers, including the
Special Theory of Relativity ……. in 1921, awarded the Nobel prize in Physics practical applications of Einsteins theories now include the development of the television, remote control device, etc. (5)

Question 10.
Fill in the blanks in the following passage choosing the appropriate Words Given in the box.
But, then, and, moreover
Then a monstrous terror seized him
(a) his heart stood still. He could hear nothing
(b) it only lasted a moment. (2)

Question 11.
Read the following excerpt and Write a Precise reducing it to 1/3rd of its length.
Mark twain was once talking to a friend on the subject of courage in men, and spoke of a man Whose name is associated with a book that has become a classic. “I knew him Well,” he said, “and I knew him as a brave man. Yet he once did the most cowardly thing I have ever heard of any man. He was in a shipwreck and, as the ship was going down, he snatched a life belt from a women passenger and put it on himself. He was saved and she was drowned, And in spite of that frightful act, I think he was not a coward, I know there was not a day of his life afterwards when he would not Willingly and in cold blood have given his life to recall that shameful act.”

In this case, the failure was not in moral courage but in physical courage. He was demoralized by the peril, and the physical coward came uppermost. If he had time to recover his moral balance, he would have died an honourable death. It is not a uncommon thing for a man to have in him the elements both of the here and the coward. The true here is he who unites the moral with physical courage. The physical element is the more plentiful. For one man who will count the cost of.sacrifice and having counted it? Pay the price with unfaltering heart, there are many who will answer the sudden call to meet peril with swift defiance. It is inspired by an impulse that takes men out of themselves, and by a certain spirit of challenge to fate that every one with a sporting instinct loves to take. (4)

Question 12.
Imagine that you visited the village of Namuana to witness the strange ritual of turtle calling. Draft a live TV report of the event.
[ Hints: description of the location. Spectators, details of the event etc ] (5)

Question 13.
Rewrite the following conversation between Gupta and the waitress (The Price of flowers) in reported speech.
Gupta : Do you know the girl who was sitting over there?
Waitress : No, sir, I do not know her, to speak of. I’ve noticed she has lunch here on Saturdays.
Gupta : Doesn’t she come on any other day?
Waitress : I never see her on other days? (4)

Question 14.
Stephen Hawking has overcome his crippling disease to become the ‘supernova’ of world  physics. On the occasion of the release of a book on Stephen Hawking, you are asked to deliver a speech describing him to the audience. Prepare the script of the speech. (5)

Question 15.
Read the following excerpt from ‘Is society Dead?’, there are four errors in the passage. Identify the errors and correct them. What we do get from this? The chance to slip away for a while from everydayness, to give your lives its own sound tracks, to still the monotony of the compute, to listen more closely and carefully on music that can lift you up and can keep you go. (4)

(Question. 16 to 18): Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
I had spent the spring of 1912 in Paris studying tropical medicine and making a start at purchasing the supplies that would be needed for Africa. Although I acquired a theoretical : knowledge of my subject at the beginning of my medical studies, it was now time to work at it from a practical point of view. This too, was a new experience. Until then, I had engaged only in intellectual labour.

How much time and trouble it cost me to get together the instruments, the drugs, the bandages, and all the other articles needed to equip a hospital, not to mention all the work we did together to prepare for housekeeping in the primeval forest.
(‘Out of My Life and Thought’ by Albert Schweitzer)

Question 16.
Look at the Word underlined and identify the part of speech. (1)

Question 17.
What is referred to as a new experience? Why is it termed so? (2)

Question 18.
Describe the arrangements made by Albert Schweitzer to equip a hospital. What trait of his character is evident from the passage? (3)

Question 19.
Imagine that you conducted a journey by mountain railway from Mettupalayam to the Nilgiri Hills. Prepare a travel essay based on your train journey. Include descriptions of physical features, practical issues related to the journey, personal impressions, etc..
The View of the Valley was breathtaking and photogenic (6)

Question 20.
Nowadays? our rivers are rapidly getting polluted. Many reasons are cited but seldom are measures adopted to prevent the pollution of rivers. Write a letter to the editor of a local newspaper highlighting the gravity of the issue. ‘ (6)
Imagine that you have read an article published in a local newspaper titled, ‘Reading Empowers the Learning of English. In response to this article, draft a letter to the editor of this newspaper expressing your views on the topic.

Question 21.
India has faced a number of natural disasters like floods, landslides etc. We may not be
able to avert many of these disasters, but We can definitely mitigate their impact. Prepare an essay on the various stages involved in the effective management of disasters. (8)
OR
The latest World Disaster Report suggests that disasters have increased both in frequency and intensity. Prepare an essay on the increasing rate of natural disasters in India.

Question 22.
Read the poem given below and write a note of appreciation.

Night
by William Blake
The sun descending in the west,
The evening star does shine;
The birds are silent in their nest,
And 1 must seek for mine.
The moon, like a flower,
In heaven’s high bower,
With silent delight
Sits and smiles on the night.
Farewell, green fields and happy groves,
Where flocks have took delight.
Where lambs have nibbled, silent moves
The feet of angels bright;
Unseen they pour blessing,
And joy without ceasing,
On each bud and blossom,
And each sleeping bosom,
They look in every thoughtless nest;
Where birds are covered warm;
They visit caves of every beast,
To keep them all from harm.
If they see any weeping
That should have been sleeping,
They pour sleep on their head,
And sit down by their bed.

Answers

Answer 1.
Purple is used in funeral; the all embraing power of death before whom everyone bow.

Answer 2.
The mighty deeds or the glory of human beings are equated with the “Withering of Garlands”. Our head may be decorated with garlands. But these will soon dry and wither away. Therefore let us not boast about our so called mighty deeds. The victorious king will soon become the victim of death. He will be like an animal sacrificed on the altar of death. Bluish red blood will drip from his head.

Answer 3.
Meeting Dr. Abdul Kalam was really a wonderful experience. Now, I feel very confident. He said, “If you become unique, you will succeed.’1 His words ignited my mind. If I had not attended the meeting, I could not have made this change.

Answer 4.
I agree with the statement because human mind always tries to explore new fields of knowledge and cyber space is one among them. It seems easier and more comfortable for the modern psyche to make rules than to obey the set rules because set
rules control them to a great extend. But the rules they make will offer them the freedom to choose what they prefer.

Answer 5.
b. worm

Answer 6.
c. feed

Answer 7.
Gas was pumped into the balloon through the long tube of yellow cloth. Later when the ballon began to move, Captain Jovis and his attendants spread and put the net which covers it in its place so that the pressure] would be regular and equally distributed at every point.

Answer 8.

• I would prefer Nicholai Ivanich because he is happy in his own way.
• I like Nicholai Ivanich because he could fulfill his life’s dreams.
• I would like Nicholai Ivanich’ because he believes in doing good while young I feel
• Nicholai Ivanich is a better personality because he pursues his goal without any compromise.

Answer 9:
Albert Einstein, one of the most remarkable physicists of our age, was born in 1879 in Germany. At an early age, Hawking showed a passion for science and revealed an extraordinary curiosity for understanding the mysteries of Science. But he was enthusiastic in various other activities too. He took music lessons and used to play violin and piano. He published his most influential research papers, including the Special Theory of Relativity at the age of twenty six i.e in 1905. He was awarded the nobel prize in Physics in 1921. His inventions in Physics led to many innovative parctical applications which include the development of television, remote control devices etc. His findings ‘ made him the supernova in Physics and the world famous Physicist till date.

Answer 10.
a. and b. but

Answer 11.
True Hero
Citing the example of a man whose name is associated with a classic, Mark Twain once commented to his friend about true courage. In a ship wreck,the man snatched a lifebelt from a lady and escaped, but the lady drowned. In cold blood, he would, forever, regret that shameful act since then. He did it, not because he was a coward. Everyone has both a coward and a hero in him. Here, the failure was not in moral courage, but physical. If he thought in cold blood, he would have died like an honourable man. A true hero unites the physical courage with moral. Many people show heroism in a sudden impulse or with a sporting instinct. But doing sacrifices, knowing its price, is true heroism.

Answer 12.
I am Juano from Star T V, standing at Kadavu in Namuana with cameraman, Ajith Sam. Let me familiarize you with the area. Namuana, as you can see, is a beautiful, quiet village with rocky cliffs on the beach. You can climb a rocky tract, enjoy watching the turtles, have great meals and feel very safe. Many tourists have now gathered here. They are all getting ready for the turtle calling, which is a famous ritual here. Here the women chant a special tune to call turtles.

There is a story connected to this legend. Once, the beautiful Princess Tinaicoboga and her daughter were seized by a group of fishermen, as they were wading in the water. The women cried, but the warriors only laughed at the women’s tears and pleas. The people here say that the gods sent a mighty storm and tossed the canoe. The fishermen saw the women turning into two giant sea turtles.

The turtles slipped into the water and the sea grew calm. The Fijians still believe that forever afterward, Tinaicoboga and Raudalice lived in the waters of that bay.
You can see the women of the Namuana village, dressed in mourning clothes and carrying sacred clubs as they walk to the shore. See, they are chanting to their beloved turtles. Let’s see what happens.  Oh, wonderful. As the women chant, the giant turtles rise to the surface of the bright blue waters of this beautiful bay beneath the cliffs of Kadavu. Don’t you feel excied to go near and see the turtles come up? It’s true, you will see.

Answer 13.
Gupta asked the waitress whether she knew the girl who had been sitting over there.
The witress replied that to speak of, she did not know her and that she had noticed she had lunch there on Saturdays. Gupta again asked whether she didn’t come on any other day.The waitress then answered that she never saw her on other days.

Answer 14.
Honourable dignitaries on and off the dais, and my dear friends, Almost everyone wishes to be successful and all of us feel proud of the successful people. But no one ever tries to see how the so called successful people have become successful. Success is not a matter of luck, nor is it easily attained. It needs a lot of effort and determination. It needs the power to dare challenges. The life of Stephen Hawking, the world renowned astrophysicist teaches us this. Let me take this opportunity to introduce him to you. Stephen Hawking has earned an international

reputation as the most brilliant theoretical physicist since Einstein. He is an insightful, absorbing, and inspiring person of extraordinary courage who dared his challenges and the threatening disease with his strong will power. His life
and works bear witness to his brilliant mind. He was not a born prodigy. Many a times he met with border line results. At age of 21, he was diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. It was devastating news for Hawking and his family. A few events, however, prevented him from becoming completely pessimistic.
In a sense, Hawking’s disease helped him become the noted scientist he is today. With the sudden realization that he might not even live long enough to earn his Ph.D, Hawking poured himself into his work and research and despite his devastating illness, he has done ground-breaking work in physics and cosmology, and his several books have helped to make science accessible to everyone.

Today, we are releasing his book A Brief History of Time.’ The book articulates the physicist’s personal search for science’s Holy Grail: a single unifying theory that can combine cosmology with quantum mechanics to explain how the universe began. Dear sir, my hearty congratulations and I wish that you may continue giving such valuable contributions in future too.

I really wonder, how he could do all these and become the supernova of physics even against your handicaps. Of course his life will be a source of inspiration to us all. I wish everyone has the courage to face life boldly like this, and then the world will be a different one.
Thank you.

Answer 15.
What do we get from this? The chance to slip away from the everydayness, to give your lives its own sound tracks, to still the monotony of the commute, to listen more closely and carefully to music that can lift you up and can keep you going.

Answer 16.
verb

Answer 17.
To work from a practical point of view. It is termed as a new experience because till then he had engaged only in intellectual labour.

Answer 18.
Albert Sweitzer took great pains to get together the instruments, the drugs, the bandages and all the other articles needed in the primeval forest. This shows his sincere dedication for his service.

Answer 19.
Ooty, the mysty haven is nestled among the mountains valleys of the Nilgiri Hills, ranging part of Tamil Nadu. The view of the valley was breathtaking and phogenic. The journey by mountain railway from Mettupalayam to the Nilgiri Hills was really enchanting.

Clean and pristine, enchanting and hypnotizing, this valley is filled with scenic beauty and culture. As you pass by, you feel the cool fog touching you with its tender arms. The tall Eucaliptus tress growing rich on either side give us a soothing experience. The valley seems to be passing very close by. The train itself is designed in such a way that the whole panoramic beauty is visible as if on a canvas.

Mountains and forests intersperse and the drive is radically different as it has long winding tracks, monkeys lumbering down trees for crumbs and astonishing valley views that jump up every few minutes to surprise you. The cliffs and the narrow tracks are sometimes dangerous. One must be very cautious not to get out of the speeding train.

The climate also may be found extreme, especially to people from Kerala.
Ooty can be aptly called the abode of Tamil Nadu’s centre of attraction. The evergreen forests and tea plantations wrapped in rising mists, shimmering in every shade of green, blue and brown engulfs your senses only to calm them a moment but later welcome to Ooty, where nature still has her roots deeply set in.

Answer 20.
a. Rupali Tharun, Pranavam,
5/15 High Street, Alappuzha.
30th May 2016
The Editor,
The City Cronide,
Thiruvananthapuram.

Dear Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed daily, I would like to draw the attention of the public and the authorities to a very important concern of Kerala. The water in most of our rivers is highly polluted. The pollution of river water is caused by the dumping of untreated sewage and industrial wastes. In addition to sewage and industrial wastes, pollution is also caused by other human activities like bathing, washing of clothes, animals etc. The industries also discharge chemical effluents into the river water. The toxicity of these chemical effluents kills the fish in many parts of the river. Pollutions also leads to scarcity of pure drinking water.

1 shall be happy if you could project this problem through the valuable pages of your newspaper. Hope, the Government would take note of the matter and take some drastic steps to adopt measures to prevent water pollution.

Yours truly,
Sd /-
Rupali Tharun.

b. Rupali Tharun, Pranavam,
5/15 High Street, Alappuzha.
30th May 2016
The Editor,
The City Cronicle,
Thiruvananthapuram.

Dear Sir,
Through the columns of your esteemed daily, 1 would like to draw the attention of the public to a matter of great importance in the present day. In today’s global world, the importance of English can not be denied since English is the most common language spoken everywhere. With the help of developing technology, English has been playing a major role in many sectors including medicine, engineering, and education, which, in my opinion, is the most important arena where English is needed. Particularly, as a developing country, India needs to make use of this world-wide spoken language in order to prove its international power. How can one improve one’s fluency in English? Of all techniques, Reading comes first. But now-a-days the habit of reading is getting diminished, especially with the introduction of smart phones, tabs and the growing accessibility of internet. But people have to realise that it is only reading that empowers the learning of english.

I shall be happy if you could project this thought through the valuable pages of your newspaper. Hope, that everyone would take note of the matter and adopt some drastic measures to improve reading habit.

Yours truly,
Sd/-
Rupali Tharun.

Answer 21.
a. Effective management of Disasters Disasters, both natural and man made, have become a challenge for all humanity and people become vulnerable as the intensity and frequency increase, ft affects both developing . and developed countries equally.
There are both direct and indirect impacts for disasters like destruction and death, failure of lifeline support systems, severe stress experienced by health care and hospitals, disturbance in commercial and economic activities etc. which make the situation drastic. The poor sections are the most affected usually.

There are many causes for disasters. Defects in the construction of building are the major reasons for high risk due to disasters. The scenaro in the developing countries is worse as only 30% buildings are constructed in accordance with rules. Lack of master- plan and inferior quality of building materials also aggravate the situation.

We cannot avert or avoid disasters. But we can adopt measures to mitigate the gravity. Destruction can be minimized if private and public buildings adhere to master plan and constructed in accordance with rules and good quality materials are used. Existing buildings also should be technically assessed and people concerned are to be informed. Purpose of management in India is not prevention, but reduction of impact.

State government plays major role and should ensure effective functioning of state level committee. Central government has got only a facilitating role i.e to coordinate crisis management committee and provide support like defense services, air dropping, rescuing, searching, transport of relief goods, conveyance etc. Rehabilitation of victims is an integral part of disaster management.

Disasters are non- routine events and therefore need non- routine responses for effective management. Proper coordination among different departments is needed to bring speedy relief. Rescue teams should have additional skills, and should be equipped with latest technology.

b. Increasing rate of natural disasters in India. Disasters, both natural and man made, have become a challenge for all humanity and people become vulnerable as the intensity and

frequency increase. It affects both developing and developed countries equally.
Floods are becoming more common and droughts the deadliest; especially in India, China and Bangladesh. India is highly prone to disasters because of its geographical location and geological formation, long coastline, snow-clad peaks, high mountain ranges, and perennial rivers and as it has only 2% of worlds geographical area but has to support 18% population, and naturally pressure on natural resources lead to disasters. Landslides, floods, droughts, earthquakes, heat waves, hailstorms, cyclones, heavy winds, soil erosion, sea erosion, tsunami are the different kinds of disasters in India. Tsunami of 2004, Bhopal gas tragedy, Gujarat earthquake in 2001, Mumbai- Gujarat floods in 2005, Utterakhand flash floods and hurricane Phailin in 2013 are some of the major disasters that hit our country.

There are both direct and indirect impacts for disasters like destruction and death, failure of lifeline support systems, severe stress experienced by health care and hospitals, disturbance in commercial and economic activities etc. which make the situation drastic. The poor sections are the most affected usually. Destruction can be minimized if everyone adheres to the rules and take initiatives for reduction of disasters. Purpose of management in India is not prevention, but reduction of impact.

State government plays major role and should ensure effective functioning of state level committee. Central government has got only a facilitating role i.e to coordinate crisis management committee and provide support like defense services, air dropping, rescuing, searching, transport of relief goods, conveyance’etc. Rehabilitation of victims is an integral part of disaster management.

Disasters are non- routine events and therefore need non- routine responses for effective management. Proper coordination among different departments is needed to bring speedy relief. Rescue teams should have additional skills, and should be equipped with latest technology

Answer 22.
William Blake’s poem ‘Night’ begins by looking at the setting sun and sees the evening star. Like the birds now quiet in their nest, , too, must go to bed. She sees the moon as shining indulgently on the earth at sleep.

The poet says farewell to the daytime and the green fields and groves where sheep have grazed. Now, where the lambs grazed angels .tread, blessing everything that is growing and sleeping. The angels’ activities are presented beautifully. They check nests; they check on all the animals, keeping them from harm and give sleep to any in distress, keeping watch by their bed. They weep when they find wolves and tigers howling for prey and try to drive away their hunger. If these beasts nevertheless catch their prey, the angels take the dead animals to a new life which is admittedly heaven.

At last, the poet express the nature of this new life or in a sense’ new worlds’. It is a place of universal peace in which ‘the lion will lie down with the lamb’. The lion asserts the gentle humility and wholesome purity of Christ as we see in the line the ‘him who bore thy name’ i.e. the Lamb of God, has driven out anger and sickness from this new place of endless day. The lion is now no longer the predator but the guard/shepherd. He can lie down beside the lamb and sleep, or think about Jesus’ sufferings, full of tenderness towards the bleating, gentle lamb.

The poem draws on pastoral imagery, looking at harmony between nature and human beings. The contrasts of day, followed by night, followed by eternal day, stress only the positive aspects of each which could be seen as demonstrating the inadequacy of innocence. Blake also employs a wealth of biblical allusion.

In the poem ‘Night’, William Blake uses mainly figurative language, rhyme Contents and literary elements such as simile and metaphor. Tone and speaker both change as the poem develops. The main aspect of this poem goes along with the poetry style of William Blake, which usually involves biblical terms and references to angels.

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