Prasanna

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Construction of Quadrilaterals Text Book Questions and Answers

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 4 फूलों का शो (लेख)

फूलों का शो Textual Questions and Answers

9th Hindi Notes Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
किसी एक त्योहार की ऐतिहासिक या सांस्कृतिक पृष्ठभूमि पर लेख लिखें।

उत्तर:
ओणम : फूलों का त्योहार
ओणम केरल का त्योहार है। केरल के लोग बड़े उत्साह से ओणम’ मनाते हैं। ‘ओणम’ के साथ राजा महाबली और वामन-अवतार की पौराणिक कथा जुड़ी हुई है। राजा महाबली बहुत ही न्यायप्रिय और परम दानवीर था। उसके शासन में प्रजा बहुत सुखी थी। ऐसा विश्वास है कि ‘ओणम’ के दिन महाबली अपनी प्रजा को देखने आते हैं। प्रजा उनका स्वागत-सत्कार करती है। वैसे भी ‘ओणम’ को ‘फूलों का पर्व’ कहा जाता है। क्योंकि ओणम के दस दिन पहले से ही घरों के आँगन में फूलों से रंगोली बनाते हैं।

फूलों का शो Summary in Malayalam and Translation

फूलों का शो शब्दार्थ

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Ammayude Ezhuthukal Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes

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Kerala SSLC Chemistry Model Question Paper 4 Malayalam Medium Medium

General Instructions:

1. The first 15 minutes is the cool off time. You may use the time to read and plan your answers.
2. Answer the questions only after reading the instructions and questions thoroughly.
3. Questions with marks series 1, 2, 3 and 4 are categorized as sections A, B, C and D respectively.
4. Five questions are given in each section. Answer any four from each section.
5. Answer each question by keeping the time.

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Maths Solutions Chapter 11 Prisms in Malayalam Medium

Prisms Questions and Answers in Malayalam

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Physics Solutions Chapter 4 Gravitation

Gravitation Textual Questions and Answers

Activity – 1

Lifting a small stone to a certain height and then dropping it downwards.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Physics Notes Chapter 4 Question 1.
What do you observe?
Answer:
The stone falls down

Hss Live Guru 9th Physics Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 2.
What could be the reason for the falling of the stone?
Answer:
Earth’s attraction is the reason

Gravitation Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 3.
What change takes place in the speed of the stone as it is thrown up?
Answer:
Speed decreases

Gravitation Class 9 State Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 4.
What about the speed when it falls down?
Answer:
Speed increases

9th Class Physics 4th Lesson Questions And Answers Question 5.
Did you apply any force on the stone to bring it down?
Answer:
No

9th Class Physics Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
From where did the stone get the force for the acceleration?
Answer:
The force required for acceleration got from earth’s attraction

Activity – 2

The stone tied to a thread is suspending from a spring balance.

Hsslive Guru Std 9 Physics Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 7.
What do you observe?
Answer:
Spring is stretched downwards

9th Class Physics Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 8.
The spring stretched down when the stone was suspended from it. Why?
Answer:
Earth’s attraction is the reason

The earth attracts all objects towards its centre. This force of attraction is the force of gravity.

Conclusion:

• Attraction between two bodies is gravitational force.
• Attraction between bodies and earth is force of gravity.

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Physics Notes Pdf Chapter 4 Question 9.
Write down instances where the force of gravity is felt.
Answer:

• Mango falling naturally form a mango tree.
• Stone which is thrown upwards reaches the ground.
• Raindrops falling downwards.
• When we open the bottle filled with water and keeps it upside down water flows out.
• An object in our hands falls down when it is released.

Activity – 3

Weighing a stone of lower mass and another of higher mass by using a spring balance.
Mass of a body is the amount of matter contained in it

Hsslive Guru 9th Physics Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 10.
In which case was the reading higher?
Answer:
Reading of the spring balance is higher when the stone having greater mass is weighed.

Hss Live Guru Class 9 Physics Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 11.
Which of the stones experienced greater force of attraction of the earth?
Answer:
Greater force of attraction of the earth is experienced in stone having greater mass.

Physics Chapter 4 Class 9 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 12.
On the basis of these observations, find out the factor that influences the force of attraction from the earth.
Answer:
The factor is mass

• As the distance between the bodies increases gravitational force decreases.
• Another factor which influences the gravitational force is distance between the objects.

Universal Law of Gravitation:
All bodies in the universe attract each other. The force of attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. If two bodies of masses m1 and m2 are separated by a distance d, then

F ∝ m₁, m₂ → (1)
F ∝ 1/d² → (2)
Combining the two, we get

G is the gravitational constant.
The value of G is 6.67 x 10-11 Nm²/kg². The scientist Henry Cavendish determined the value of G for the first time through experiments.

Hss Guru 9 Physics Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 13.
Complete the table given below, based on Newton’s law of gravitation?

Answer:

Observe the table and find out the answers to the following questions.

Physics Class 9 Chapter 4 Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Two bodies are at a specific distance so as to attract each other. How many times will the mutual force of attraction be if the mass of one of them is doubled?
Answer:
Mutual force of attraction doubled

Hss Live 9th Physics Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 15.
What if the mass of both the bodies are doubled?
Answer:
Force of attraction becomes 4 times.

Hsslive Guru Class 9 Physics Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 16.
What if the distance between the bodies is doubled?
Answer:
When distance is doubled, attractive force reduced as to one fourth (1/4^th).

Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Physics Notes Chapter 4 Question 17.
What happens when the distance between the bodies is halved?
Answer:
When the distance is halved, force of attraction becomes four times.

9th Physics Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 18.
Why two children sitting close to each other do not come closer due to mutual force of attraction?
Answer:
The attractive force between two children sitting close to each other are mutual. The force felt by each of them are equal and very short in magnitude. So they do not come closer to each other.

9th Std Physics Notes Kerala Syllabus Chapter 4 Question 19.
A body of mass 50 kg and another body of mass 60 kg are separated by a distance of 2 m. What is the force of attraction between them?
Answer:
m₁ = 50 kg, m₂ = 60 kg
d = 2m, G = 6.67 × 10-11 Nm²/kg²

Force Of Gravity

Force of attraction by a body on earth GMm
F = \(\frac { GMm }{ R² }\)
G – Gravitational constant
M – Mass of earth
m – Mass of body
R – Radius of earth

Class 9 Physics Chapter 4 Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 20.
Is the earth really spherical in shape?
Answer:
No

Question 21.
Is the radius of the earth the same everywhere?
Answer:
No

Question 22.
Where on the surface of the earth is the radius maximum?
Answer:
At the equator

Question 23.
Where is it minimum?
Answer:
At the poles

Question 24.
At which part of the earth must a body be placed so that it will experience the maximum force of attraction? Where the radius is large/where the radius is small?
Answer:
Where the radius is small. Force of attraction is maximum at the poles.

Question 25.
What change occurs in the force of attraction, if a body is being continuously raised from the surface of the earth?
Answer:
If a body is being continuously raised from the surface of the earth, force of attraction decreases.

Question 26.
Suppose if the body is moved from the surface of the earth to the centre. What happens?
Answer:
When it reaches the centre attractive force becomes zero.

Acceleration Due To Gravity

According to II Law of motion.
F = ma
Acceleration due to gravity a = g
i. e, a = g
According to Newton’s law of graviation F = \(\frac { GMm }{ R² }\)
By Newton’s second law of motion, F = ma = mg

Question 27.
Find the factors affecting the value of g?
Answer:

• Mass of the earth
• Radius of the earth

Question 28.
The earth is not a perfect sphere, its radius is not the same everywhere If so, will the value of g be the same everywhere on earth?
Answer:
Value of g be different everywhere on earth

Question 29.
Where will the value of g be the maximum on the earth’s surface?
Answer:
At the poles

Question 30.
Where will it be the minimum?
Answer:
At the equator

Question 31.
What will be the value of g at the centre of the earth?
Answer:
Zero

Consolidation :

• The value of g on the surface of the earth is 9.8 m/s²,
  value of g at pole = 9.78 m/s²
  value of g at equator = 9.83 m/s²
• Value of g at moon is 1/6 of the value of g on the earth.

Question 32.
When a stone of mass 50 kg and another of mass 5 kg fall down simultaneously form the top of a five-storey building, which one will reach the ground first?
Answer:
They reaches the ground at the same time.
Reason: Acceleration due to gravity does not depend on the mass of the body. It will be the same for all
bodies falling to the earth, g = GM/R²

Question 33.
A stone and a sheet of paper are dropped together. Which of the following statements regarding their fall is true?
1. Both of them reach simultaneously
2. The paper reaches first
3. The stone reaches first
Answer:
The paper reaches slowly
Reason: Resistance of air
Feather and Coin Experiment:
The scientist who discovered that freely falling bodies offers air resistance. This was proved by Issac Newton.
Objects like paper fall slowly Galileo was the first person to; argue that this is due to air resistance. Fie wasn’t able to prove it then because at that time: there were no facilities to create a vacuum. Sir Isaac, Newton could prove this later through the ‘feather and coin’ experiment.

Newton placed a feather and a coin in a long transparent tube with closed ends. The tube was: kept vertical at first and then; suddenly turned upside down.

The coin reached the bottom first followed feather a short while later. The experiment was repeated after removing the air inside the tube and it was found that the feather and the coin reached the bottom simultaneously. The conclusion was that the feather took more time to reach the bottom due to air resistance. Thus Galileo’s argument was proved right.

Question 34.
When a stone falls, it attract the earth just as the earth attracts the stone. But it is only the stone that falls, the earth does not rise up. Give reason?
Answer:
Mass of the earth (M) is far greater than that of stone (m). So the acceleration acquired by earth is lesser and that by the stone is greater.

Question 35.
A stone falls down from the top of a wall in 1 s to the ground (g=10 m/s²)
a) What is the speed of the stone just before it touches the ground?
b) Calculate the average speed when the stone is falling down
c) How much is the height of the wall?
Answer:

Question 36.
A ball thrown vertically upward reached a maximum height of 20m
i) What was the velocity of the stone at the instant of throwing up?
ii) How much time did the ball take to reach the height 20 m?
Answer:

Mass and Weight

Mass is measured using common balance. Spring balance is used to measure weight.

• Mass is measured using common balance.
• The quantity of matter present in an object is called mass.
• Spring balance is used to measure weight.
• Weight is the force of attraction exerted by the earth on an object.
  F = mg

Question 37.
Where does a body experience maximum weight on the earth? What is the reason?
Answer:
Maximum weight experiences at the poles. Because value of g is greater at the poles.

Question 38.
Where on the earth does a body experience minimum weight? What is the reason?
Answer:
Minium weight experiences at the equator. Value of g is lesser at the equator.

Question 39.
What is the weight of the body when it is at the center of the earth? Give reasons.
Answer:
At the center, weight is zero. Because value of g is zero

Question 40.
Find out the weight of a body of mass 20 kg. Express the value in newton.
Answer:
F = mg
= 20 × 9.8
= 196 N

Free Fall

When a body is allowed to fall from a height, it falls to the earth due to the force of gravity. This is free fall.

Question 41.
Suppose a spring balance with a body suspended from it is allowed to fall. What will be the reading shown by the balance?
Answer:
Reading will be zero.

Question 46.
During the rotation of a giant wheel, a person experiences loss of weight on the descent. Explain why.
Answer:
Because the giant wheel is in free fall

Question 43.
Why does a freely falling body experience weightlessness? Note it down in your science diary.
Answer:
Due to free fall, the balance cannot exert a reaction force. Also, the force of gravity is utilized to give acceleration for the body.

Question 44.
What is the weight of a body of mass 10 kg?
Answer:
Weight F = mg = 10 × 9.8 = 98 N

Question 45.
If this body is allowed to fall freely, will there be any change in the force experienced by the body?
Answer:
Weight lessens occurs

Question 46.
Drill a hole at the bottom of an open bottle and fill it with water. Water goes out through the hole. Then allow the bottle to fall freely. What do you observe?
Answer:
During free fall, water and the bottle possess some acceleration. So there is no reaction force experiences in water. As a result water does not go out.

Let Us Assess

Question 1.
If the distance between two bodies that attract each other is trebled, how many times will their mutual force of attraction be? (9 time, 3 times, 1/3, 1/9)
Answer:
1/9

Question 2.
A body, the mass and the weight of which were already determined at the Equator, is now placed at the Pole. In this context, choose the correct statement from the following:
a) Mass does not change, weight is maximum
b) Mass does not change, weight is minimum
c) Both mass and weight are maximum
d) Both mass and weight are minimum
Answer:
a) Mass does not change, weight is maximum

Question 3.
Mass of the zeroth is 6 × 10²⁴ kg and that of the Moon is 7.4 × 10²² kg. The distance between Earth and Moon is 3.84 × 10⁵ km. Calculate the force of attraction of Earth of Moon. (G=6.7 × 10^-11 Nm² kg^-2)
Answer:
F = \(\frac { GMm }{ d² }\)

Question 4.
a) What is meant by the terms mass and weight?
b) Are they vector of scalar quantities? Why?
c) The mass of a body is 30 kg. What is its weight on earth? (g = 9.8 m/s²)
d) What is its weight on the moon? (g = 1.62 m/s²) )
Answer:
a) 1. The quantity of matter present in a body is called mass.
2. The force of attraction exerted by earth on a body is referred as weight.
b) Mass is a scalar quantity (No direction)
Weight is a vector quantity (Possess both magnitude and direction)
c) Weight = mg = 30 × 9 = 294 N
d) Weight on the moon = 30 × 1.62 = 48N

Question 5.
If a body of mass 40 kg is kept at a distance of 0.5 m from a body of mass 60 kg, what is the mutual force of attraction between them?
Answer:

Question 6.
Observe the figure and complete the table


Answer:

Gravitation More Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Complete the table

Answer:

Question 2.
How the mass and distance between objects affect gravitational force?
Answer:
Among the two bodies if the mass of one body is doubled gravitational force becomes two times. When the mass of both the bodies are doubled. Gravitational force becomes four times. When the distance increases gravitational force decreases. Gravitational force varies in reciprocal of the square of the distance between the bodies.

Question 3.
Mass and weight of a body is determined at the pole and at the equator
a) Is there any difference in the mass?
b) Is there any change in the weight?
c) Justify the answer
Answer:
a) No change in mass
b) Change will occur
c) Mass is the quantity of matter present in a matter. Value of g is greater at the poles and lesser at the equator. So weight varies. Value of g does not affect the mass

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks.
a) Acceleration due to gravity does not affect the ……………. of the object
b) 1 kg wt = ………….. N
Answer:
a) Mass
b) 9.8

Question 5.
a) What is mean by free fall?
b) Weight of an object in free fall is zero? Why.
c) If a bottle having a hole at the bottom filled with water falling down freely water will not flow out. Why?
Answer:
a) Falling of a body towards earth due to force of gravity is said to be free fall.
b) In free fall the object cannot be able to give reaction force. Also, the gravitational force is utilized to give acceleration to the object.
c) During free fall, the acceleration of water and bottle remains the same. So no reaction force feel in water.

Question 6.
Correct the following.
a) Force of attraction increases when an object is raised from earth’s surface
b) Value of g remains the same on all regions of earth.
Answer:
a) Force of attraction decreases when an object is raised from earth’s surface.
b) Value of g is different on all regions of earth.

Question 7.
a) Calculate the weight of a body in the moon if it weights 150 kg in earth?
b) What will be the weight of a body at the center of earth.
Answer:
a) Weight in the moon = 150 × 1/6 = 25 kg
b) Weight at the center of earth is zero.

Question 8.
a) State Universal Law of gravitation?
b) Represent it mathematically.
c) Mention each letter indicates to what?
d) How mass and distance affect gravitational force?
Answer:
a) Every bodies in the universe attract each other. This attractive force is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

c) m₁ m₂ – Mass of the bodies
d – Distance between the objects
F – Gravitational force
G – Gravitational constant
d) Mass increases gravitational force increases Distance increases gravitational force decreases.

Question 9.
List the situations in which gravitational force experiences.
Answer:
A mango falls naturally from the mango tree

• Stone reaches the ground when it throws upwards.
• Raindrops falling downwards
• While releasing the hands the object holding in the hand falls to the ground
• Airplane fall to earth when the engine fails.

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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Chemistry Solutions Chapter 2 Chemical Bonding in Malayalam Medium

Chemical Bonding Textual Questions and Answers in Malayalam

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Kerala SSLC Physics Model Question Paper 4 Malayalam Medium

General Instructions:

1. The first 15 minutes is the cool off time. You may – use the time to read and plan your answers.
2. Answer the questions only after reading the instructions and questions thoroughly.
3. Questions with marks series 1, 2, 3 and 4 are categorized as sections A, B, C and D respectively.
4. Five questions are given in each section. Answer any four from each section.
5. Answer each question by keeping the time.

Time: 1½ Hours
Total Score: 40 Marks

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Structure of Atom Textual Questions and Answers in Malayalam

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Kerala State Syllabus 8th Standard Basic Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water

Water is a precious natural resource. Water is essential not only for sustaining life but also for agriculture, industry, energy production and transportation. Water is formed by the combination of hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen and oxygen are produced by decomposition of water. Decomposition of water is done by electrolysis of water.

Basic Science Class 8 Chapter 16  Characteristics of water

Water is a substance found in nature in all the three states of matter namely solid, liquid and gas. The temperature at which a liquid boils at normal atmospheric pressure is its boiling point. The boiling point of water is 100°C. Once water starts boiling, the temperature will not change because all the heat supplied is utilised for the change of state. Water has the ability to hold more heat than other liquids. The ability to hold heat by a liquid is its heat capacity. Because of its high heat capacity water is utilised in radiators to regulate heat, to cool hot objects, to control the temperature of earth etc.

Water becomes ice in 0°C. The temperature of a liquid at which it freezes to solid at normal atmospheric pressure is called its freezing point. When water is converted to ice its volume increases and the density decreases. The unbalanced attractive force on the surface of a liquid causes the liquid, surface behaves like a stretched membrane. This is surface tension. The surface tension decreases the surface area of a liquid. The liquid drops remain like a ball to decrease the surface area. Adding soap to water is a way to decrease surface tension of water.

Class 8 Chemistry Notes Kerala Syllabus The components of water

When electricity is passed through water it decomposes to hydrogen and oxygen. For this, we can make water voltmeter shown in fig.

Iron nail and plastic bottle can be used for this. Adding a few drops of acid into water and battery are also used. When electricity is passed through it oxygen and hydrogen are filled in the test tubes. This process is called electrolysis. The apparatus used for the electrolysis of water is called Hoffmann Water Voltameter.

Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard Physics Notes Reaction of water with metals

Coldwater reacts with sodium, potassium etc. to liberate hydrogen. Magnesium reacts with hot water and iron reacts with steam to liberate hydrogen gas.

Hss Live Guru 8 Chemistry Kerala Syllabus Water the Universal solvent

Several substances dissolve in water. Since water can dissolve various substances and widely used for preparing solutions it is a universal solvent.

8th Standard Chemistry Textbook Soft water and hard water

The water in which soap does not lather easily is called hard water. Water in which soap gives lather readily is called soft water. The hardness of water containing calcium or magnesium bicarbonate is removed during boiling. This type of hardness is called temporary hardness. But the hardness of water containing the chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium is not removed by boiling. Such hardness is called permanent hardness. Pure water has neither the properties of acid nor those of alkali, hence it is a neutral solvent.

Std 8 Chemistry Notes Kerala Syllabus Water pollution

The following activities cause the water pollution

• Dumping of waste in water resources.
• Rampant use of fertilisers
• Excessive use of detergents
• Insecticides getting mixed with water

Water Textbook Questions and Answers

Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard Basic Science Notes Questions 1.
When water is heated at its boiling point or melting point, its temperature does not change.
a. What is meant by boiling point and melting point?
b. What are the boiling and freezing points of water?
c. Why is there no change in temperature?
Answer:
a. The temperature at which a liquid boils at normal atmospheric pressure is its boiling point. The temperature of a liquid at which it freezes to solid at normal atmospheric pressure is called its freezing point.
b. 100°C, 0°C.
c. Once water starts boiling, the temperature will not change because all the heat supplied is utilized for the change of state. So the temperature does not vary.

8th Class Chemistry Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 2.
A definite quantity of water and coconut oil are heated in separate test tubes using the same amount of heat.
a. In which case does the temperature increase slowly?
b. What is the reason for this?
c. Write any one practical application of this property.
Answer:
a. water
b. The high heat capacity of water
c. 1. To regulates the heat of radiator in vehicles
2. To regulate the heat of earth

8th Standard Water Lesson Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
100 ml. each of coconut oil and water are taken in two beakers and kept in the freezer.
a. What difference can be observed in their volumes during freezing?
b. What do you infer from the observation?
c. When water is frozen in glass bottles, it is advised not to fill the bottles completely. Explain the reason.
Answer:
a. The volume of the beaker containing water is greater.
b. Due to the anomalous expansion of water.
c. The volume of water in the bottle filled with water is increased and the bottle is broken.

Hss Live Guru 8 Physics Kerala Syllabus Question 4.
Soap decrease the surface tension of water.
a. What is surface tension?
b. How does the decrease in surface tension benefit washing of clothes?
Answer:
a. The unbalanced attractive force on the surface of a liquid causes the liquid surface behaves like a stretched membrane. This is surface tension
b. When we add soap to water it reduces the surface tension of water and water can enter into the fine threads of the fabric.

Basic Science For Class 8 Chapter 16 Question 5.
Surface tension tends to minimise the surface area of a liquid. Suggest an experiment to prove this. (Follow the pattern: Required materials, procedure, expected observation).
Answer:
’Materials required: metallic loop, thread, soap water, pin Method of experiment: Tie a thread to a metallic loop, immerse it in soap water and create a soap film as shown in fig. a, b, c.

Prick a portion of film using a pin. The shape of remaining portion of soap film will be as such the surface area is reduced.

Basic Science Class 8 Ch 16 Kerala Syllabus Question 6.
Providing excess food for fish in an aquarium is a threat to its survival. Justify.
Answer:
When we add more food materials into water, the dissolved oxygen is utilized to decompose the food materials. So the amount of oxygen is reduced and the water is polluted.

Hsslive Guru 8th Class Chemistry Question 7.
Some substances when dissolved in water cause hardness of water.
a. Which of the following substances cause hardness of water? Sodium chloride, Calcium bicarbonate, Calcium carbonate, Calcium sulfate, Magnesium sulfate, Calcium chloride, Magnesium carbonate
a. The hardness due to which of the above salts cannot be removed by boiling?
Answer:
a.calcium bicarbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride.
b. The hardness of water containing the chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium is not removed by boiling.

Water Additional Questions and Answers

Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard Chemistry Notes Question 1.
a. What are the gases liberated in the water voltameter arranged for decomposition of water?
b. Which gas is liberated at the negative pole of the battery?
Answer:
a. Hydrogen and oxygen
b. Hydrogen
c. Ratio of hydrogen and oxygen – 2: 1

8th Class Biology Notes Pdf Question 2.
Heat equal quantity of water and coconut oil in two vessels.
a. The temperature of which liquid will be raised rapidly?
b. Which has more heat capacity?
Answer:
a.Coconut oil
b.water

Hss Live Guru 8th Chemistry Kerala Syllabus Question 3.
Take water in a vessel and put a needle on the surface of water carefully.
a. Will the needle be immersed in water. Justify your answer.
b. Why do the water drops assume spherical shape?
Answer:
a. No. Because of the surface tension of water.
b. The surface tension reduces the surface area.

Hsslive Guru 8th Basic Science Question 4.
Name two metals which react with cold water.
Answer:
Potassium, sodium

Hsslive Guru Chemistry 8 Kerala Syllabus Question 5.
Which is the metal reacts with hot water? Which is the gas produced? Write the chemical equation.
Answer:
Magnesium; Hydrogen.
Mg + H₂O → MgO + H₂

Hss Live Guru 8th Basic Science Question 6.
Why does water is known as universal solvent?
Answer:
Since water can dissolve various substances and widely used for preparing solutions it is a universal solvent.

8th Physics Guide Kerala Syllabus Question 7.
What are hard water and soft water?
Answer:
The water in which soap does not lather easily is called hard water. Water in which soap gives lather readily is called soft water.

Class 8 Physics Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 8.
Give the reason for temporary hardness of water.
Answer:
The hardness of water is due to the presence of calcium or magnesium bicarbonate. This type of hardness is called temporary hardness.

8th Standard Chemistry Textbook Kerala Syllabus Question 9.
Hardness of water is not removed even after it is boiled. What may be the reason for this?
Answer:
This is due to chloride and sulphate of magnesium and calcium are dissolved in water.

Class 8 Basic Science Chapter 16 Question 10.
Why is air continuously introduced into the water in an aquarium?
Answer:
Aquatic plants and animals make use of oxygen dissolved in water. Water gets polluted as the amount of oxygen in it decreases. Air is introduced into water to make up the quantity of oxygen.

Question 11.
Write two remedies to prevent water pollution.
Answer:

• Stop dumping of waste in water resources.
• Reduce the use of fertilisers and pesticides.

Question 12.
Write two methods to reduce the surface tension of water
Answer:

• Add soap to water
• Boil the water.

Students can Download Maths Chapter 2 Decimal Forms Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Maths Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Decimal Forms in Malayalam Medium

Decimal Forms Questions and Answers in Malayalam

Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions Chapter 5 Culture and Nationalism

Answer the following. Score 1 each.

A. Choose the correct option.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Textbook Pdf Question 1.
The founder of Brahma Samaj.
Ram Mohan Roy
Swami Vivekananda
Swami Dayananda Saraswati
Answer:
Ram Mohan Roy

Question 2.
Sarada Sadan in Bombay for women’s education was established by.
Annie Besant
Mira Bai
Rema Bai
Answer:
Rema Bai

Question 3.
Who founded Arya Samaj?
Swami Vivekananda
Swami Dayananda Saraswati
Ram Mohan Roy
Answer:
Swami Dayananda Saraswathy

Question 4.
The newspaper ‘Kesari’ was published by
Lala Lajpat Rai
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Dadabai Naoroji
Answer:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Question 5.
Who published the newspapers ‘Young India’ and ‘Harijan ’?
Annie Besant
Surendranath Banerji
Mahatma Gandhi
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi

Question 6.
The British Viceroy who enacted the Vernacular Press Act in 1878
Lord Lytton
Lord Rippon
Lord Macaulay
Answer:
Lord Lytton

Question 7.
The first Indian Women University in Maharashtra was started by
Aurabindo Ghosh
D.K.Karve
G. GAgarkar
Answer:
D.K.Karve

Question 8.
Who founded Kerala Kalamandalam?
Vallathol Narayana Menon
Amshi Narayana Pillai
Raja Ravi Varma
Answer:
Vallathol Narayana Menon

Question 9.
The author of the Bengali play ‘Nil Darpan ’
Dinabandhu Mitra
Satyendranath Tagore
Sisirkumar Ghosh
Answer:
Dinabandhu Mitra

Question 10.
Who authored the novel ‘Anandamath’?
Rabindranath Tagore
Bankim Chandra Chatterji
Dinabandhu Mitra
Answer:
Bankim Chandra Chatterji

Question 11.
Who penned the famous patriotic song ‘Sore Jahan Se Accha, Hindustan Hamara’?
Prem Chand
Altaf Hussain Hali
Muhammad Iqbal
Answer:
Muhammad Iqbal

Question 12.
Who wrote the famous Malayalam song ‘Varika Varika Sahachare ’?
Vallathol Narayana Menon
Kumaran Asan
Amshi Narayana Pillai
Answer:
Amshi Narayana Pillai

Question 13.
Who painted the pictures ‘Sati’and ‘Village Drummer ’?
Nandalal Bose
Amrita Sher-Gil
Raja Ravi Varma
Answer:
Nandalal Bose

Question 14.
The first person to hoist Indian tricolour flag in an international forum.
Aruna Asaf Ali
Sarada Ben
Madam Bhikaji Cama
Answer:
Madam Bhikaji Cama

Question 15.
Who founded Ramakrishna Mission?
Swami Vivekananda
Swami Dayananda Saraswati
Atmaram Pandurang
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda

Question 16.
The leader of ‘Self Respect Movement ’
E. V.Ramaswamy Naicker
Sree Narayana Guru
Jyotiba Phule
Answer:
E.V.Ramaswamy Naicker

Question 17.
The founder of ‘Asiatic Society of Bengal’
William Jones
Jonathan Duncan
Warren Hastings
Answer:
William Jones

Question 18.
The founder of Aligarh Movement
Muhammad Iqbal
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
M.A.Ansari
Answer:
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan

Question 19.
Who is known as the ‘Liberation of the Indian Press ’?
William Bentick
Lord Lytton
Charles Metcalf
Answer:
Charles Metcalf

Question 20.
The author of ‘Ente Gurunathan ’ and ‘Bappuji ’
Vallathol Narayana Menon
Amshi Narayana Pillai
Kumaran Asan
Answer:
Vallathol Narayana Menon

B. Fill in the blanks based on the relationship of the pair.

1. a. Ram Mohan Roy : Brahma Samaj
b. Swami Vivekananda:……………….
Answer:
Ramakrishna Mission

2. a. Prarthana Samaj : Campaigned for inter
caste marriage
b. Ary a Samaj : Opposed ………………….
Answer:
Child marriage

3. a. Atmaram Pandurang : Social reformer
b. GSubramania Iyer:……………….
Answer:
Journalist

4. a. Bal Gangadhar Tilak : Kesari
b. Lala Lajpat Rai :……………………….
Answer:
Vandematharam

5. a. Bengali : Surendranath Banerji
b. Nation:…………………….
Answer:
Gopal Krishna Gokhale

6. a. Mahadev Govinda Ranade : Deccan
Education Society
b. Rabindranath Tagore:…………………
Answer:
Visva Bharati University

7. a. Prem Chand : Hindi
b. Vishnu Krishna Chiplunkar : …………………….
Answer:
Marathi

8. a. Ghora : Rabindranath Tagore
b. Rangabhumi :……………..
Answer:
Prem Chand

C. Answer in a sentence each.

Question 1.
What is meant by nationalism?
Answer:
Nationalism is the sense of unity that exists among the people of a nation irrespective of caste, creed, region and religion.

Question 2.
Write the reasons for the emergence of various social reform movements in the 19^th century.
Answer:
Liberal outlook, passion for modernization and rationalism nurtured in Indian society.

Question 3.
What was the primary aim of leaders of social reforms?
Answer:
To bring about fundamental changes in Indian society.

Question 4.
Name the social reform movement founded by Ram Mohan Roy.
Answer:
Brahma Samaj

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science First Term Question Paper Question 5.
When did the British government pass the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act? Which social reformer argued for remarriage of widows?
Answer:

• The British government passed the Hindu
  Widow Remarriage Act in 1856. –
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar argued for remarriage of widows.

Question 6.
Who founded Ramakrishna Mission? What were its main ideologies?
Answer:
Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission
Ideologies:

• Opposed caste system and social evils.
• Propagated the concepts of liberty, equality and freedom of thought.

Question 7.
What were the main ideologies of the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam?
Answer:

• Opposed caste system and evil practices.
• Advocated for social and economic progress of the backward classes.

Question 8.
Name the newspaper published under the leadership of Annie Besant.
Answer:

• New India
• Common Wheel

Question 9.
Which were the newspapers started by Ram Mohan Roy focusing on democracy and nationalism?
Answer:

• Sambath Kaumudi in Bengali
• Mirat-ul-Akbar in Persian

Question 10.
Who founded Visva Bharati University? Where is it located?
Answer:

• Rabindranath Tagore founded Visva Bharati University, focussing on universal brotherhood.
• It is in Calcutta

Question 11.
Who composed the song ‘Bandemataram’? From which book is this song taken?
Answer:

• Bankim Chandra Chatterji composed the song Bandemataram.
• The song is taken from his novel ‘ Anandamath’.

Question 12.
Name the Bengali play depicting the severe exploitation suffered by indigo farmers in Bengal. Who wrote it?
Answer:

• The Bengali play Nil Darpan
• It is written by Dinabandhu Mitra
• The play triggered farmer’s unrest in various parts of the country.

Question 13.
Name the Urdu poet who praised the beauty of India’s nature and unity of its people. Which is his famous song?
Answer:

• Urdu poet Muhammad Iqbal
• His famous patriotic song ¡s ‘Sare Jahan Se Acchab Hindustan Hamara’.

Question 14.
Which were the books written by Vallathol Narayana Menon focussing on nationalism?
Answer:

• Ente Gurunathan
• Bappuji
• Indiayude Karachil

Question 15.
What were the peculiarities of the water colour painting ‘Bharat Mata’ by Abanindranath Tagore?
Answer:

• The painting ‘Bharat Mata’ depicts Bharat Mata giving food, cloth and knowledge to Indian masses.
• This painting helped to inculcate patriotism in Indian minds.

Question 16.
Why did Abanindranath Tagore start Indian society of Oriental Arts?
Answer:

• To free Indian painting from western style.
• To promote oriental painting based on Indian culture and tradition.

Question 17.
Name the famous paintings of Nandalal Bose.
Answer:

• Sati
• Village Drummer

Question 18.
What kind of attitude was created in favour of nationalism by the painting ‘Sati ’ of Nandalal Bose?
Answer:

• The painting ‘Sati’ visualized the dilemma of a woman who was forced to commit Sati.
• This painting touched Indian hearts and stimulated protest against the social evils.
• An attitude to eradicate discrimination against women.

Answer the following. Score 2 each.

Question 1.
The 19^th century India witnessed two types of protests in ideological and cultural spheres. Which were they?
Answer:

• Protest against inequality, violations of rights and social evils which existed in Indian society.
• Protest against the economic exploitation of the colonial forces.

Question 2.
The social reform movements in India had two main objectives. Which were they?
Answer:

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• To ensure equal civil rights to education, travel and dress code.

Question 3.
What were the main ideologies of Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati?
Answer:

• Campaigned against idol worship and child marriage.
• Promoted women education and widow re-marriage.

Question 4.
Write the main ideologies put forward by Satyashodhak Samaj.
Answer:

• Satyashodhak Samaj started by Jyotiba Phule opposed social evils and domination of priests.
• Started educational institutions for backward classes.

Question 5.
Who enacted the Vernacular Press Act? Why?
Answer:

• The Vernacular Press Act was enacted by Lord Lytton in 1876.
• The British realized the power of the Indian Press. So they decided to impose stringent measures to control them. The aim of the Vernacular Press Act was to curb the freedom of press in regional languages.

Question 6.
Identify the benefits of education.
Answer:

• To bring about changes in society.
• To maintain unity.

Question 7.
Who proposed Wardha Education Plan? What are its features?
Answer:
In 1937, Gandhiji proposed a special education plan called Wardha Education Plan.

• Its major objective was vocational education. Gandhiji thought that vocational training during education would help build up a good future.
• Gandhiji believed that such a generation could defend the British.

Question 8.
What were the major objectives of national educational institutions?
Answer:

• Promotion of nationalism
• Opposition to social evils
• Rejection of western education

Question 9.
Visva Bharati University was an example for the international outlook of Rabindranath Tagore. Substantiate.
Answer:

• Visva Bharati University founded by Tagore focused on universal brotherhood.
• Tagore aimed at a system of education that would bridge western and eastern cultures.

Question 10.
What did Bankim Chandra Chatterji illustrate through his novel ‘Anandamath’?
Answer:

• Through his novel ‘Anandamath’ the Bengali writer Bankim Chandra Chatterji portrayed the plight of Indian society. Anandamath was based on the Sanyasi Revolt of Bengali peasants.
• Chatterji illustrated the agonies of Bengali farmers and disparity between rich and poor in Bengali society.

Question 11.
What were the specialities of the paintings of Amrita Sher-Gil?
Answer:
Amrita Sher-Gil, a famous woman artist of India painted the sufferings of Indian villages in dark shades ably reflecting their predicaments. Her paintings also motivated people to think about a unified India.

Question 12.
Write the features of the first tricolour flag designed during the time of Swadeshi Movement.
Answer:

• The tricolour flag was first designed during the time of the Swadeshi Movement.
• The flag contained 8 lotuses representing 8 provinces in British India and a crescent representing Hindu-Muslim fraternity.

Question 13.
What were the factors that urged Gandhiji to form a plan for vocational education?
Answer:

• Vocational training during education would help to build up a good future.
• Such a generation ‘could resist the British.

Answer the following. Score 3 each.

Question 1.
Match the table suitably.

Answer:

Question 2.
What were the aims of the British in implementing English education in India?
Answer:

• To nurture a fraction of Indian society that would support Britain.
• To prepare a generation that favours English lifestyles.
• To create a class of persons Indians in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals and in intellect.

Question 3.
What were the proposals of social reformers to bring about fundamental changes in Indian society during British rule?
Answer:

• Eradicate caste system.
• Provide education to all.
• Abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.
• Eliminate discrimination against women.
• Promote widow remarriage.
• Protect the rights of all.

Question 4.
Evaluate the role of literary works in regional languages in promoting the growth of nationalism.
Answer:
Writers in various parts of India illustrated the agonies and atrocities faced by the people. The readers in other parts experienced these sorrows as theirs and ventured to fight them collectively. Writers shared their resentments with the people through poetry, novel, drama, etc.

The ‘Anandamath’ of Bankim Chandra Chatterji and ‘NilDarpan’ of DinabanduMitra depicted the sad plight of Bengali farmers, the exploitation that they suffered and the disparity between the rich and the poor. Literary works like ‘Ghora’ and ‘Gitanjali’ of Rabindranath Tagore, ‘Sevasadan’ and ‘Godan’ of Prem Chand and ‘Ente Gurunathan’ and ‘Bappuji’ ofVallathol Narayana Menon could inculcate a sense of a unified India among the public. These works developed a sense of patriotism and nationalistic feeling among the people.

Question 5.
Which are the national symbols that helped to nurture nationalism in Indian minds?
Answer:

• National flag – The tricolour flag
• National Emblem – Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath
• National Anthem – Janaganamana
• National Song – Vande Mataram

Question 6.
Complete the sun diagram.

Answer:

Question 7.

Some examples of news during the national struggle are given. Explain how the newspapers influenced nationalism through such news.

The newspapers of this period upheld nationalism, democracy and opposition to the oppressive rule.

• Disseminated information on massacres, oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country. Eg. Firing and massacre in Punjab.
• Reported the calamities like plague and famine that killed thousands of Indians in various regions. Eg. Bengal famine.
• Kept abreast of the global agitation for freedom, democracy and equality. Eg. Freedom struggle in China.

Through the publication of each news, the news papers could intensitS’ the opposition to foreign rule and helped the growth of nationalism and national
consciousness.

Question 8.
How did the interference of the British, in the field of education, create a sense of unity among the people?
Answer:

• The Indians who got English education found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British.
• Those who had English education started national education institutions.
• They encouraged secular education.
• Jointly worked together against the inequalities of Indian society.

Question 9.
The protest of a writer against the existing exploitative system of a nation will create a sense of unity among the people of that country. Substantiate the statement on the basis of the works of writers during the British rule.
Answer:

• Writers through their works opposed the economic exploitation of India by the British and the social evils that existed in the country.
• Writers described the miseries of people.
• Created a fellow feeling among the people so that the miseries of the people of other region were considered as their own.
• Writers described the realities of the lives of Indians.
• All these developed among the people a sense of patriotism and resentment to foreign rule.

Question 10.
Explain the role of newspapers in propagating the ideas of Indian national movement.
Answer:

• Criticised the activities of the British government through newspapers.
• Made the people aware of the social reform movements formed against the social evils and practices of
  Indian society.
• Newspapers were published in various languages.
• Newspapers gave emphasis on nationalism, social reform and democracy.

Question 11.
How did Indian leaders utilize education to promote unity among Indians against the British?
Answer:
Education and nationalism :
India witnessed the conflict of two diversive interests in the 19^thcentury. They were the British interest to gain political, economic and cultural hegemony over India and the Indian interest to free the country from political, economic and cultural domination of the British. Education was the major field which witnessed this conflict of interests.

The English educated Indians found it necessary to resist the intrusion of the British. They started national educational institutions. Encouraged secular education. Education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India. Thus, education created a nationalistic perspective among Indians.

• Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. They imparted secular education to all sections of the society. The Deccan Education Society founded in 1884 in Pune by GG Agarkar, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahadev Govind Ranade was such an institution.
• The Swadeshi Movement started in 1906 founded many educational institutions for the propagation of national education.
• Visva Bharati, the University founded by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengal aimed at a system of education that would bridge western and eastern cultures.
• A team led by Maulana Mohammad Ali, Shoukath Ali, Dr.Zakir Hussain and M.A.Ansari founded the Jamia Millia Islamia in Aligarh to strengthen national movement through secular education.
  All these have helped for the evolution of Indian nationalism.

Question 12.
Assess the role of national education in the emergence of Indian nationalism-
Answer:
Role of national education in the emergence of Indian nationalism:
Education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians. The Indian leaders utilized education as a tool to nurture the concept of unity and for liberation from the British domination.

• Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. They imparted secular education to all sections of the society. The Deccan Education Society founded in 1884 in Pune by G.G.Agarkar, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mahadev Govind Ranade was such an institution.
• The Swadeshi Movement started in 1906 founded many educational institutions for the propagation of national education.
• Visva Bharati, the university founded by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengal aimed at a system of education that would bridge western and eastern cultures.
• A team led by Maulana Mohammad Ali, Shoukath Ali, Dr.Zakir Hussain and M.A.Ansari founded the Jamia Millia Islamia in Aligarh to strengthen national movement through secular education.

Question 13.
What were the contributions of Dinabandhu Mitra in the emergence of Indian nationalism?
Answer:
Contributions of Dinabandhu Mitra:
Social reforms, press, education, literature and art paved the way for the emergence of Indian nationalism. The Bengali writer Dinabandhu Mitra wrote the play ‘Nil Darpan’. It depicted the severe exploitation suffered by the indigo farmers in Bengal.

It was staged in many places and greatly influenced the people. The Indian Association started by Surendranath Banerjee campaigned for the welfare of the Bengali farmers taking cue from the issues depicted in Nil Darpan. This play triggered farmer’s unrest in various parts of the country.

Answer the following. Score 4 each.

Question 1.
Why did Indian leaders find it necessary to resist the intrusion of English culture and ideologies into Indian society?
Answer:

• When the Indian leaders realized that English culture and ideologies would destroy Indian culture, they began to resist its invasion.
• English educated Indians who internationalized the concept of democracy, liberty, rationalism, equality and civil rights opposed this cultural invasion.
• They ventured to reform the social customs and rituals prevailed in the country, thereby to defend the invasion of English culture.
• They tried to reform Indian society, language, art and literature.
• It motivated to protest against inequalities and violation of rights and created a sense of unity among the people.

Question 2.
Discuss the role of Ram Mohan Roy in the social reform movement in India.
Answer:

• Ram Mohan Roy was the pioneer among social reformers who strived for the modernization of Indian society.
• He opposed caste system and ‘Sati’, the social evils in India and established Brahma Samaj.
• He propagated the idea of a unified Indian society in the place of a society fragmented over caste lines.
• His ideas prompted patriotism among the Indians.

Question 3.
Which were the social evils that the British abolished through law in India as a result of the activities of social reformers?
Answer:

• Abolished Sati
• Permitted widow remarriage
• Banned female infanticide
• Prevented child marriage and polygamy
• Prevented marriage of girls below 12 years of age
• Abolished slavery

Question 4.
Evaluate role of newspapers in promoting the growth of nationalism among the Indians.
Or
How far did the newspapers influence the Indians during the period of National Smuggle?
Answer:

• The newspapers functioned with the aims to create public awareness of various social issues, to motivate everyone to participate in the national movement and to prompt the people to treat the problem anywhere in the country as a national problem.
• Created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British.
• Disseminated information on massacres, oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country.
• Kept abreast of the global agitations for freedom, democracy and equality.
• Motivated the people to protest against the British rule and evils in Indian society.
  All these helped the growth of nationalism.

Question 5.
Analyse the role of education in the growth of Indian nationalism.
Answer:

• The progress in education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India.
• Thus education created a nationalist perspective among the Indians.
• The establishment of national educational institutions inculcated the growth of nationalism. The Deccan Education Society and die Jamia Millia Islamia imparted secular education to all sections and it strengthened national movement and nationalism. They provided secular education.
• Indian leaders utilized education as a tool to nurture the concept of unity and for liberation from British domination.

Question 6.
The progress in the field of art strengthened Indian nationalism. Substantiate.
Answer:

The water colour painting ‘Bharat Mata’ by Abanindranath Tagore helped to inculcate patriotism in Indian minds. It depicts Bharat Mata giving food, cloth and knowledge to Indian masses.

Nandalal Bose portrayed scenes from Indian literature and events in history. His famous painting ‘Sati’ visualized the dilemma of a woman who was forced to commit Sati, a social evil. This painting touched Indian hearts and stimulated protest against this social evil. His another painting ‘Village Drummer’ also helped to strengthen nationalism.

Amrita Sher-Gil painted the sufferings of Indian villagers in dark shades ably reflecting their predicaments. Her paintings also motivated people to think about a unified India.

Raja Ravi Varma visualized various scenes from Indian epics and literature.

Question 7.
The following are some literary works that helped the growth of Indian nationalism. Identify their authors and the language in which they are written.

Nil Darpan
Ente Gurunathan
Rangabhumi
Panchalisapadam
Answer:

Question 8.
Match the items in column A with the appropriate item in column B.

Answer:

Question 9.
How did the activities of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and Pandita Ramabai lead the social progress of women?
Answer:

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy :
  Opposed caste system and Sati. To improve the status of women, he advocated for the right of women to own property.
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:
  Argued for the remarriage of widows. As a result, the British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act in 1856. Established educational institutions for women.
• Pandita Ramabai:
  Established Sarada Sadan in Bombay for women education.

Question 10.
What is the basis for the nationalism of Indians? List the factors contributed to the growth of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
As a nation, unity in diversity is the solid foundation of India.
Factors contributed to the growth of Indian nationalism:

• British rule
• Economic exploitation of the British
• Social reform movements
• Educational progress
• Newspapers
• Literature and art

Question11.
Analyse the factors that prompted the British to introduce English education in India.
Answer:

• An in-depth understanding of the socio – cultural life of the Indians was essential to strengthen the British rule.
• The realisation that people’s support is essential to implement administrative reforms and to continue the administration
• To prepare a generation that would be loyal to the British.
• The realisation that these could be accomplished through the introduction of English education.

Question 12.
Why is it said that social reforms decisively influenced the growth of Indian nationalism?
Answer:

• Social reform movements helped to eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• Succeeded in defending the invasion of English culture.
• The educational activities of social reformers, helped to awaken nationalism among the people.
• Social reforms helped to instill a sense of unity among the people which took them to the main stream of national movement.

Question 13.
Discuss the role of newspapers in a democratic system.
Answer:

• Disseminate news from all parts of the world.
• Formulate opinion to strengthen democracy.
• All the actions and policies of the government are subjected to criticism.
• Play the role of a constructive opposition.
• Disseminate scientific knowledge.
• Make the people aware of the social problems

Question 14.
List the ideas envisioned in national education.
Answer:

• Secularism
• Nationalism
• Women empowerment
• Protest against foreign rule and caste system
• Internationalism
• Revival of traditional arts

Question 15.
Who wrote the drama ‘Nil Darpan’? How did it influence the National Movement?
Answer:
Nil Darpan :
Bengali writer Dindabandhu Mitra wrote the play ‘Nil Darpan’. The play depicted the severe exploitation suffered by the indigo farmers in Bengal. It was staged in many places and greatly influenced the people. Indian Association, started by Surendranath Banergee campaigned for the welfare of the Bengali farmers taking cue from the issues depicted in ‘Nil Darpan’. This play triggered farmers’ unrests in various parts of the country.

Question 16.
Compare the policies of British education and national education during national movement.
Answer:

Answer the following. Score 5/6 each.

Question 1.
Describe the various social reform movements in India in the 19’h century.
Answer:
Liberal outlook, passion of modernization and rationalism nurtured in Indian society paved for the emergence of various social reform movements. The social reform movements in India had two main objectives.

• To eradicate evils and superstitions that existed in the Indian society.
• To ensure equal civil rights to education, travel and dress code.
  The following were the social reform movements and their ideologies,

Brahma Samaj:
Ram Mohan Roy established Brahma Samaj. He was the pioneer among the social reformers who strived for the modernization of Indian society. He opposed the social evils like
Caste system and Sati. To improve the status of women, he advocated for the right of women to own property.

Arya Samaj:
Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded Arya Samaj. It campaigned against idol worship and child marriage. Swami Dayananda opposed Caste system, supremacy of the clergy, untouchability and polygamy. He also stood for women education.

Ramakrishna Mission:
Swami Vivekananda founded Ramakrishna Mission to propagate the message of his Guru Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. It opposed caste system and social evils. It propagated the concepts of liberty, equality and freedom of thought.

Aligarh Movement:
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan started the Aligarh Movement. It advocated for social and educational uplift of Indian Muslims.

Prarthana Samaj:
Atmaram Pandurang founded Prarthana Samaj. It campaigned for interdining, inter caste marriage, widow remarriage and the uplift of women and backward classes. The Samaj started orphanages, night classes and women education centres for social service and the spread of education.

Theosophical Society:
Annie Besant was the founder of Indian Theosophical Society. It stood for the resurgence of Hindu religion. It fought against child marriage. Annie Beasant started a Central Hindu School in Banaras.

HitakariniSamaj:
Veeresalingam founded Hitakarini Samaj. It campaigned for widow remarriage and women education. Opposed caste system and child marriage.

Satyashodhak Samaj:
Jyotiba Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj. It opposed social evils and domination of priests. It also started educational institutions for backward classes.

Self Respect Movement:
E.V.Ramaswami Naicker founded Self Respect Movement. It opposed Brahmanical supremacy and Caste system.

Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam:
Sree Narayana Guru founded SNDP yogam. It opposed caste system and evil practices. It also advocated for social and economic progress of the backward classes.

Question 2.
Discuss the socio-cultural factors that led to the growth of Indian nationalism.
Answer:
The various socio-cultural factors that paved the way for the growth of Indian nationalism were:

• Newspapers
• Education
• Literature
• Art
• Social reforms

Newspapers:
Indian leaders mostly depended on newspapers to propagate their nationalistic ideologies. The newspapers criticized the British policies and motivated national movement. The newspapers during freedom struggle functioned with the aims to create public awareness of various social issues, to motivate everyone to participate in the national movement and to prompt the people to treat the problem anywhere in the country as a national problem.

The newspapers created public awareness on economic exploitation by the British and on the massacres, oppression and repressive rule in various parts of the country. Newspapers like Sambath Kaumudi, Harijan, The Hindu and Bengali contributed greatly to the growth of nationalism.

Education:
Establishing national educational institutions was the main means adopted for inculcating nationalism. The Deccan Educational Society founded in 1884 in Pune was an educational institution established with a nationalistic perspective.

The Visva Bharati University founded by Rabindranath Tagore aimed at a system of education that would bridge western and eastern cultures. Education helped Indians fight against the British colonial hegemony over India as well as the social inequality that existed in India. Thus education created a nationalistic perspective among the Indians.

Literature:
The protest against the British rule as well as social evils existed in the Indian society reflected in Indian literature. Writers in various parts of India illustrated the agonies and atrocities faced by the people. The readers in other parts experienced these sorrows as theirs and ventured to fight them collectively. Writers shared their resentments with people through poetry, novel, drama, etc.

This developed among the people a sense of patriotism and dissent towards foreign dominance. The works like Gitanjali and Ghora of Rabindranath Tagore, Nil Darpan of Dinabandhu Mitra and the famous patriotic song ‘Sare Jahan Se Accha Hindustan Hamara’ by Muhammad Iqbal helped the growth of nationalism among the people. Creative expressions of Indian writers helped to inculcate the concept of a unified India among the public.

Art:
Artists and painters also contributed to the growth of nationalism among Indians. The water colour painting ‘Bharat Mata’ by Abanindranath Tagore helped to inculcate patriotism in Indian minds. He tried to free Indian painting from western style and promoted oriental painting.

The paintings ‘Sati’and ‘Village Drummer’by Nandalal Bose instilled nationalism among the people. The paintings of Amrita Sher-Gil who painted the sufferings of Indian villages in dark shades motivated people to think about a unified India.

Social reforms:
The social reforms that emerged in India in the 19^th century paved the way for the growth of Indian nationalism. Ram Mohan Roy, the pioneer among social reformers is considered as The Father of Indian nationalism. The social reform movements of this period like Brahma Samaj, Arya Samaj, Theosophical Society, Ramakrishna Mission, etc. roused the awareness of nationalism among the Indians.

These movements tried to put an end to the caste system and social evils prevailing in the Indian society. Ram Mohan Roy propagated the idea of a unified Indian society in the place of a society fragmented over caste lines. This idea prompted patriotism among the people.

Question 3.
Match the items related to Column A-from Columns B and C.

Answer:

Question 4.
Match the items related to Column A from Columns B and C.

Answer:

Question 5.
Arrange the following events in chronological order.

• Established the first Women University in India
• Vernacular Press Act
• Wardha Education Plan
• British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act
• Haripura Session of Indian National Congress
• Introduced English education in India

Answer:

• Introduced English Education in India (1835)
• British government passed the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act (1856)
• Vernacular Press Act (1878)
• Established the first Women University in India (1916)
• Wardha Education Plan (1937)
• Haripura Session of Indian National Congress (1938)

Question 6.
To what extent the ideas put forward by the social reform movements of India during the 19th century were suitable for social change in India? Evaluate.
Answer:

• To eradicate caste system.
• To protect the rights of all people.
• To promote the ideas of liberty, equality and freedom of thought.
• To eliminate discrimination against women.
• To promote widow remarriage.
• To abolish child marriage and eliminate the supremacy of the clergy.
• To provide education for all.
• To oppose Brahmin domination.
• To oppose evil practices.
• To encourage interdining and intercaste marriage.
• To work for the upliftment of women and backward classes.

Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard Social Science Important Questions

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Kerala State Syllabus 10th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 3 टूटा पहिया (टिप्पणी)

टूटा पहिया Text Book Questions and Answers

टूटा पहिया विश्लेषणात्मक प्रश्न

टूटा पहिया कविता का अर्थ प्रश्ना 1.
अपने पक्ष को असत्य जानते हुए भी
बड़े-बड़े महारथी
अकेली निहत्थी आवाज़ को
अपने ब्रह्मास्त्रों से कुचल देना चाहें।
-इन पंक्तियों के आशय पर चर्चा करें।

उत्तर:
ये पंक्तियाँ महाभारत के एक प्रसंग पर आधारित है। अभिमन्यु ने चक्रव्यूह में अकेले ही प्रवेश किया। कौरव सेना के महारथियों ने उसे घेर कर उसके सब शस्त्रास्त्र नष्ट कर डाले। अभिमन्यु के शत्रु पक्ष के लोग जानते थे कि न्याय अभिमन्यु के पक्ष में है। फिर भी वे उसे कुचल देने के लिए, मार डालने के लिए तैयार हो गए।

Toota Pahiya Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 2.
तब मैं
रथ का टूटा हुआ पहिया
उसके हाथों में
ब्रह्मास्त्रों से लोहा ले सकता हूँ।
-इन पंक्तियों में चर्चित पौराणिक संदर्भ वर्तमान परिवेश में कहाँ तक प्रासंगिक है?

उत्तर:
जब सारा संसार किसी साहसी मनुष्य की आवाज़ को दबाने का प्रयास करेगा, तब मैं रथ का टूटा पहिया उसके हाथों में रहकर शत्रुओं के ब्रह्मास्त्रों का सामना कर सकता हूँ। टूटा पहिया उपेक्षित मानव का प्रतीक है। आजकल समाज में असत्य और अन्याय का बोलबाला है। इन असत्यों और अन्यायों के खिलाफ अगर कोई लड़ेगा तो कोई लघु मानव ही उसका सहारा बनेगा। यही इन पंक्तियों की प्रासंगिकता है।

टूटा पहिया कविता का सारांश प्रश्ना 3.
इतिहासों की सामूहिक गति
सहसा झूठी पड़ जाने पर
क्या जाने
सच्चाई टूटे हुए पहियों का आश्रय ले!
-इन पंक्तियों से कवि क्या बताना चाहते हैं?

उत्तर:
कवि कहते हैं कि पहिया यदि टूटा है तो भी उसे मत फेंको। यह संसार एक दुरूह चक्रव्यूह है। बड़े-बड़े महारथी असत्यों और अन्यायों की अक्षौहिणी सेनाओं को खड़ा करेंगे। उन महारथियों के कारण इतिहास की गति सहसा झूठी पड़ जाती है तो सच्चाई को टूटे पहिए का सहारा लेना पड़ेगा। इसलिए टूटे पहिए की उपेक्षा नहीं करनी चाहिए। .

टूटा पहिया Text Book Activities & Answers

टूटा पहिया अभ्यास के प्रश्न

Toota Pahiya Notes Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard टूटा पहिया प्रश्ना 1.
कविता के प्रतीकों को चुनकर खंभे में लिखें। वर्तमान परिवेश में प्रतीक किसका प्रतिनिधित्व करता होगा?
उत्तर:

उत्तर:

टूटा पहिया विधात्मक प्रश्न

Toota Pahiya Summary in Hindi प्रश्ना 1.
‘टूटा पहिया’ कविता पर टिप्पणी लिखें।

उत्तर:
लघु न दीजिए डाल…
डॉ. धर्मवीर भारती हिंदी की प्रयोगवादी काव्य धारा के नए कवियों में अग्रणी थे। ‘टूटा पहिया’ भारती जी की एक छोटी कविता है। यह रचना भारती जी के ‘सात गीत वर्ष’ से चुनी गई है। टूटा पहिया लघु और उपेक्षित मानव का प्रतीक है, जिसे बेकार समझकर फेंक दिया गया है। नया कवि उसकी संभावनाओं को पहचानता है और उसकी क्षमताओं का मूल्यांकन करता है।

इसमें ‘मैं’ सर्वनाम का प्रयोग है। टूटा पहिया कहता है कि मैं टूटा हुआ हूँ। लेकिन मुझे मत फेंको। कौन जाने कि इस दुरूह चक्रव्यूह में अभिमन्यु जैसे कोई साहसी वी घिर जाए और बड़ेबड़े महारथी उस साहसी वीर की निहत्थी आवाज़ को कुचल देना चाहे।

जब सारा संसार उस साहसी मनुष्य की अकेली आवाज़ को दबाना चाहेगा, तब मैं रथ का टूटा हुआ पहिया उसके हाथों में लगकर शत्रुओं के ब्रह्मास्त्रों से लोहा ले सकता हूँ। मुझे टूटा हुआ मानकर फेंको मत। क्योंकि इतिहास की सामूहिक गति जब झूठी पड़ जाएगी तो शायद टूटा पहिया ही अकेले का आश्रय बनेगा।

‘टूटा पहिया’ एक प्रतीकात्मक रचना है। इस प्रतीक को कवि ने महाभारत के कथानक से लिया है। अभिमन्यु ने चक्रव्यूह में अकेले ही प्रवेश किया। कौरवसेना के महारथियों ने उसे घेर कर उसके सब शस्त्रास्त्र नष्ट कर डाले। उसने रथ के टूटे पहिए को अस्त्र बनाकर शत्रुओं का सामना किया। कवि ने इसी घटना के आधार पर यह प्रतीकर ग्रहण किया है।

समाज जब न्याय और सत्य के रास्ते से हटकर असत्य के मार्ग पर बढ़ना चाहेगा, तब उसका विरोध करनेवाला व्यक्ति अभिमन्यु के समान अपने को चक्रव्यूह में घिरा पाएगा। उस समय उसके लिए लघु और निस्सार समझे जानेवाला कोई आदमी सहायक बनेगा। टूटा पहिया जैसा लघु मानव की उपेक्षा नहीं करनी चाहिए, यही इस कविता का संदेश है।

टूटा पहिया Orakkum Questions and Answers

गतिविधि – 1

Tuta Pahiya In Hindi Tippani Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 1.
सूचनाः संबंध पहचानें और मिलान करें।

उत्तर:

टूटा पहिया कविता का सारांश Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 2.
यहाँ मैं का प्रयोग किस केलिए किया गया है?
उत्तर:
उपेक्षित मानव या लघुमानव

Toota Pahiya Tippani Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 3.
अभिमन्यु किसका प्रतीक है?
उत्तर:
अधर्म का विरोधी।

टूटा पहिया कविता का आशय Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 4.
अभिमन्यु को क्यों दुस्साहसी कहा गया है?
उत्तर:
अभिमन्यु समस्या को अच्छी तरह न समझकर साहसी बन जाता है।

Toota Pahiya Summary In Hindi Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 5.
लघुमानव का दुस्साहस क्या हो सकता है?
उत्तर:
लघुमानव भविष्य के बारे में न समझकर अधर्म का विरोध करते हैं।

Tuta Pahiya Tippani Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 6.
वर्तमान प्रसंग में महारथी किसका प्रतीक हो सकता है?
उत्तर:
असत्य या अधर्म का प्रतीक है।

Toota Pahiya Tippani In Hindi Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 7.
अकेली निहत्थी आवाज़ किसकी हैं?
उत्तर:
लघुमानव के

Sslc Hindi Toota Pahiya Tippani Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 8.
कुयल देने का मतलब क्या है?
उत्तर:
असहाय को सर्वनाश करना।

Toota Pahiya Aashay Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 9.
‘लोहा लेना’ से आपने क्या समझा?
उत्तर:
लड़ाई करना।

टूटा पहिया कविता का टिप्पणी Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 10.
“अपने पक्ष को असत्य जानते हुए भी
बडे-बडे महारथी
अकेली निहत्थी आवाज़ को
अपने ब्रह्मास्त्रों से कुयल देना चाहें।”
उत्तर:
कविता का टिप्पणी
धर्मवीर भारती आधुनिक हिंदी साहित्य के प्रमुख लेखक, कवि, नाटककार और सामाजिक विचारक थे। उन का जन्म 25 दिसंबर 1926 को इलाहाबाद में हुआ। मुर्दै का गाँव, स्वर्ग और पृथ्वी, याँद और टूटे हुए लोग (कहानी संग्रह) ठंडा लोहा, कनुप्रिय (काव्य) गुनाहों का देवता, सूरज का सातवाँ घोडा (उपन्यास) अंधायुग आदि उनके प्रमुख कृतियाँ है। उनको पद्मश्री, संगीत नाटक अकादमी, भारत भारती, व्यास सम्मान आदि पुरस्कार मिले हैं। 4 सितंबर 1997 को उनका निधन हुआ।

अपने पक्ष को असत्य जानते हुए भी बड़े-बड़े महारधी कर्ण, द्रोण, भीष्म, आदि निशस्त्र अभिमन्यु को अपने महाशक्ति से सर्वनाश करना चाहते हैं। आज के समाज में भी इन जैसे लोगों का काम चलते हैं। हमारे समाज अधर्म की और जाए तो सत्य का पक्ष टूटे हुए पहिए का सहारा लेते हैं। टूटा पहिया उपेक्षित मानव का प्रतीक हैं। यह तो सार्थक हैं। तुच्छ सी लगनेवाली वस्तु भी सांत्वना देने में समर्थ हो सकती हैं। यहाँ कवि ने महाभारत के अभिमन्यु की कहानी को प्रतीकात्मक बनाकर वर्तमान युग की जटिलता का चित्रण किया है।

टूटा पहिया SCERT Questions and Answers

गतिविधि – 1

सूचनाः ‘टूटा पहिया’ कविता का यह अंश पढ़े और अनुबद्ध प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखें।
अपने पक्ष को असत्य जानते हुए भी
बडे-बडे महारथी
अकेली निहत्थी आवाज़ को
अपने ब्रह्मास्त्रों से कुचल देना चाहें
तब मैं
रथ का टूटा हुआ पहिया
उसके हाथों में
ब्रह्मास्त्रों से लोहा ले सकता हूँ।

Toota Pahiya Summary Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 1.
‘सकता हूँ’ क्रिया का संबंध किससे है? (रथ, ब्रह्मास्त्र, मैं)
उत्तर:
मैं

टूटा पहिया टिप्पणी Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 2.
‘सामना करना’ के अर्थ में कवितांश में प्रयुक्त मुहावरा कौन – सा है?
उत्तर:
लोहा लेना।

टूटा पहिया कविता का सारांश In Malayalam Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 3.
कवि ने पौराणिक प्रसंग द्वारा वर्तमान समय की चर्चा की है। इस पर अपना मत लिखें।
उत्तर:
बडे-बडे व्यक्ति, महान योद्धा जानते हैं कि वह जिस ओर से लड़ रहे हैं, वह अन्यायी हैं। वे अन्यायी शासक वर्ग अपनी शक्ति और अधिकार रूपी ब्रह्मास्त्र से निरायुध व्यक्ति को कुयल देना चाहते हैं। ऐसी अवसर पर मैं रथ का टूटा हुआ पहिया मानव-मूल्य बनकर निरायुध के हाथ में आ जाता हूँ और ब्रह्मास्त्रों से लोहा ले सकता हूँ। यहाँ महारथी शोषक वर्ग का और ब्रह्मास्त्र शासक वर्ग के द्वारा शक्ति और अधिकार का दुरुपयोग का प्रतीक हैं। इस कविता में महाभारत के अभिमन्यु की कहानी को प्रतीकात्मक बनाकर वर्तमानयुग की जटिलता का चित्रण किया है।

Toota Pahiya Poem Summary In Malayalam Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 4.
अकेली निहत्थी आवाज़ किसकी है?
उत्तर:
निरायुध व्यक्ति की है। जिस केलिए संसार में कोई बड़ा स्थान या धन नहीं।

टूटा पहिया Additional Questions and Answers

Toota Pahiya Appreciation Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 1.
टूटे पहिए को क्यों फेंकना नहीं चाहिए?

उत्तर:
जिस चीज़ को हम फालतू समझकर फेंक देते हैं, उसका कभी उपयोग करने का मौका आ सकता है। इस लिए कहा है कि टूटे पहिए को फेंकना नहीं चाहिए।

Hindi Toota Pahiya Tippani Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 2.
‘टूटा पहिया’ कविता में कवि ने किस शक्ति की ओर संकेत किया है?

उत्तर:
टूटे पहिए के माध्यम से कविने उपेक्षित और लघु मानव की शक्ति का संकेत किया है।

Tuta Pahiya Question Answer Kerala Syllabus 10th Standard प्रश्ना 3.
टूटे पहिए से कवि क्या आशा करते हैं?

उत्तर:
आजकल समाज में असत्य और अन्याय का बोलबाला है। इन असत्यों और अन्यायों के खिलाफ अगर कोई लड़ेगा तो कोई टूटा पहिया यानी लघु मानव ही उसका सहारा बने। यही कवि की आशा है।

टूटा पहिया Summary in Malayalam and Translation

टूटा पहिया शब्दार्थ