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Students can Download Chapter 7 Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Questions and Answers, Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion

Plus One Physics Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion One Mark Questions and Answers

Plus One Physics Chapter 7 Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Question 1.
The dimension of angular momentum is
(a) M°L¹T^-1
(b) M¹L²T²
(c) M¹L²T^-1
(d) M²L¹T^-2
Answer:
(c) M¹L²T^-1
Angular momentum = Moment of inertia x angular velocity
(Angular momentum) = [M¹L²][T^-1] = [M¹L²T^-1].

Plus One Physics System Of Particles And Rotational Motion Question 2.
If the density of material of a square plate and a circular plate shown in figure is same, the centre of mass of the composite system will be

(a) inside the square plate
(b) inside the circular plate
(c) at the point of contact
(d) outside the system
Answer:
(a) inside the square plate

Plus One Physics Important Questions And Answers Pdf Question 3.
Why spokes are provided in by cycle wheel?
Answer:
This increases moment of inertia even when the mass is small. This ensures uniform speed.

Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 4.
A ballet dancer, an acrobat and an ice skater make use of an important principle in physics. Which is that principle?
Answer:
Conservation of angular momentum.

Physics Class 11 Chapter 7 Important Questions Question 5.
A cat is able to land on her feet after a fall. Which principle of physics is being used by her?
Answer:
Principle of conservation of angular momentum.

Hsslive Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 6.
A body is rotating in steady rate. What is torque acting on the body?
Answer:
Zero. Torque is required only for producing angular acceleration.

Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Pdf Hsslive Question 7.
A flywheel is revolving with constant angular velocity. A chip of its rim breaks and flies away. What will be the effect on the angular velocity?
Answer:
The reduction in mass will decrease moments of inertia. Hence angular velocity will be increased in order to conserve angular momentum.

Rotational Motion Class 11 Important Questions Question 8.
Is radius of gyration of a body constant quantity?
Answer:
No. It changes with change in position of the axis of rotation.

System Of Particles And Rotational Motion Class 11 Solutions Question 9.
What is another name for angular momentum?
Answer:
Moment of momentum.

Plus One Physics Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Two Mark Questions and Answers

Hss Live Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 1.
Moments of inertia of some bodies with axis are given in the table below. Fill in the blanks

Answer:

System Of Particles And Rotational Motion Questions And Answers Question 2.
Match the following:

Answer:
(a) Torque
(b) τ ∆ θ
(c) Rotational motion
(d) \(\frac{1}{2} \frac{L^{2}}{1}\).

System Of Particles And Rotational Motion Important Questions Question 3.
A cat is able to function its feet after a fall, taking the advantage of principle of conservation of angular momentum.

1. Give the law of conservation of a angular momentum.
2. Explain how cat is able to do so

Answer:
1. When there is no external torque, the total angular momentum of a body or a system of bodies are a constant.
τ = \(\frac{d L}{d t}\) (when τ = 0 , we get \(\frac{d L}{d t}\) = 0).
ie L = constant.
But L = Iω
∴ Iω = a constant.

2. When a cat falls, it stretches its body. So that the moment of inertia becomes large. As Iω = constant, the value of angular speed will be decreased due to the increased value of moment of inertia. So cat lands on its feet gently.

System Of Particles And Rotational Motion Class 11 Important Questions Question 4.
If the polar ice cap melts what will happen to the length of the day?
Answer:
For earth, angular momentum is a constant (Lω = constant, ie no torque acts on the earth). When the polar ice cap melts, the water thus formed will flow down to the equatorial region.

The accumulation of water in equatorial line will increase the moment of inertia I of earth. In order to keep the angular momentum as a constant, ω will decrease. The decrease in ‘ω’will increase the length of day.

System Of Particles And Rotational Motion Class 11 Question 5.
A girl has to lean towards right when carrying a bag in her left hand. Why?
Answer:
When a girl carries her bag in her left hand, the centre of gravity of system will shift towards left. In order to bring it in the middle, the girl has to lean towards right.

Question 6.
If the earth loses the atmosphere what will happen to the length of the day?
Answer:
For earth, the angular momentum (L = Iω) is a constant, because there is no torque acting on it. When earth loses the atmosphere, I decreases and ω increases to keep L as constant. Hence length of the day decreases.

Question 7.
A girl standing on a turn table. What happens to the rotation speed, if she stretches her hand?
Answer:
lf a girl rotating with a uniform speed on turn table, it’s angular momentum (L = Iω) will be a constant. When she suddenly stretches her hand, I Increases and ω decreases to keep L as constant.

Question 8.
How does a circus acrobat and a diver take advantage of conservation of angular momentum? Answer:
The diver while leaving the spring board, is throwing himself in a rotating motion. When he brings his hands and legs close, I decrease and ω increases. But before reaching water he will stretch his hands and legs. Hence I increases and ω decreases. So, that he gets a smooth entry into the water.

Plus One Physics Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A rigid body consists of ‘n’ particles of mass m1, m2, m3,……The body rotates about an axis with
an angular velocity ω1, ω2, ω3……..

1. Starting from the kinetic energy of a single particle, arrive at an equation for kinetic energy of rotation.
2. Moment of inertia is also called rotational inertia. Why?

Answer:
1. Consider a body rotating about an axis passing through some point O with uniform angular velocity ‘ω’. The body can be considered to be made up of a number of particles of masses m1, m2, m3……etc at distances r1, r2, r3……etc. All the particles will have same angular velocity ω But their linear velocities will be different say v1, v2, v3…….etc.

K.E of 1^st particle = \(\frac{1}{2}\)m₁v₁²
\(\frac{1}{2}\)m₁(r₁ω)²
(∵ v = rω)
K.E of II^nd particle = \(\frac{1}{2}\)m₂(r₂ω)²
∴ K.E of whole body =

But we know moment of inertia,

∴ KE = \(\frac{1}{2}\)Iω²
2. Rotation inertia is measured in terms of moment of inertia. Hence moment of inertia is also called rotational inertia.

Question 2.
The handle of a door is always found at one edge of the door which is located at a maximum possible distance away from hinges.

1. Give reason for it.
2. In which direction will the torque act while the door opens inside the room?
3. If the door handle is fixed at the middle of the door, what difference do you feel in the applied force to open the door.

Answer:
1. Torque τ = r F sin θ
From the above equation it is clear that, we get maximum torque when the handle of a door is located at a maximum possible distance (r) away from hinge.

2. The direction of torque is always along the axis of rotation of door.

3. If the door handle is fixed at middle, more force must be applied to get maximum torque that is required to open the door.

Question 3.
Moment of inertia depends on the mass, axis of rotation and distribution of mass of the body.

1. What are moment of inertia and radius of gyration?
2. How will you distinguish a hard boiled egg from a raw egg by spinning each on the table.

Answer:
1. Moment of inertia I = mr²
Radius of gyration K = \(\sqrt{\frac{I}{m}}\).

2. A raw egg has more monemt of inertia than boiled egg. Hence raw egg spins more time than boiled egg.

Question 4.
Table below given analogy between translational and rotational motions. Match the following.

Answer:

Plus One Physics Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
1. Show that the total angular momentum of a rotating system remains constant if no torque acts on the system

2. A disc of moment of inertia I₁ is rotating freely with angular speed ω1 and a second non rotating disc with moment of inertia I₂ is dropped on it as shown in the figure. The two then rotate as one unit. Find the angular speed of rotation of the system.
Answer:
1. we know torque τ = \( \frac{d L}{d t}\)
if τ = 0, we get \( \frac{d L}{d t}\) = 0
ie. L = constant.

2. we know if torque acting on the body is zero, its angular momentum will be conserved
ie. I₁ω₁ = I₂ω₂
angular momentum of system, ω₂ = \(\frac{I_{1} \omega_{1}}{\left(I_{1}+\mathrm{I}_{2}\right)}\).

Question 2.
A rigid body can rotate an axis with a constant angular velocity and angular momentum L.

1. What is its moment of inertia about the axis?
2. Obtain a mathematical expression for rotational kinetic energy.
3. If the orientation of the axis of rotation changes, what happens to its moment of inertia

Answer:
1. L = Iω
ie. I = L/ω

2. Consider a rigid body rotating about an axis passing through the point O. Let co be the uniform angular velocity of the body.

The body is imagined to be made up of large number of particles. Consider one such particle of mass ‘m’ at a distance ‘r’ from the axis of rotation.
Linear Velocity of the particle v = rω
K.E of the particle = 1/2mv² = 1/2 mr²ω²
K.E of whole body = Σ1/2mr²ω² = 1/2ω²Σmr²
K.E = 1/2Iω²
Where Σmr² = I, moment of inertia of the body.

3. Moment of inertia will be changed.

Question 3.
A platform diver holds his hands and legs straight and makes loops in air before entering into water.

1. State the principle behind this.
2. What happens when he tries to land in the pool by stretching his arms and legs?
3. In the above situation, rotational kinetic energy is not conserved. Explain.

Answer:
1. Conservation of angular momentum
Statement
Conservation of angular momentum states that, if the total torque acting on a system is zero, its angular momentum will be conserved.

2. Angular velocity decreases.

3. Initial kinetic energy K.E₁ = \(\frac{L^{2}}{2 I_{1}}\) ____(1)
where I₁ is the moment of inertia of diver when he makes loops in air
final kinetic energy K.E₂ = \(\frac{L^{2}}{2 I_{2}}\) _____(2)
where I₂ is the moment of inertia of diver when he stretches his hands
But I₁ < I₂
Hence from eq(1) and eq(2), we get
KE₁ > KE₂
which means that rotational kinetic is not conserved.

Question 4.
Moment of inertia of a thin ring of radius R about an axis passing through any diameter is 1/2MR²

1. What is the radius of gyration of the ring about an axis passing through any diameter.
2. A thin metal ring of radius 0.25m and mass 2kg starts from rest and roll down an inclined plane. If the linear velocity on reaching the foot of the plane is 2m/s, calculate its rotational kinetic energy at that instant.

Answer:
1.

2.

Question 5.

Figures show the two different spinning poses of a ballet dancer.

1. In which spinning pose, the ballet dancer has more angular speed?
2. State the principle used by the ballet dancer to increase his angular speed.
3. “In the above situation, rotational kinetic energy is not conserved” – Justify this statement.

Answer:
1. The pose shown in figure (B).

2. Statement of conservation of angular momentum.

3. I₁ω₁ = I₂ω₂
1/2 I₁²ω₁² = 1/2 I₂²ω₂²
I₁(1/2 I₁ω₁²) = (1/2 I₂ω₂²)I₂, I₁ > I₂
(1/2 I₂ω₂²) > 1/2I₁ω₁²

Plus One Physics Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The moment of inertia of a thin ring of radius R about an axis passing through any diameter is \(\frac{1}{2}\)MR²

1. To find the moment of inertia of the same ring about an axis passing through its centre of mass and perpendicular to its plane, which of the following theorem is used and state the theorem.
   • Perpendicular axis theorem.
   • Parallel axis theorem
2. What is the radius of gyration of the ring about an axis passing through its centre of mass and perpendicular to its plane?
3. A thin metal ring has a diameter 0.20 cm and mass 1 kg. Calculate its moment of inertia about an axis passing through any tangent.

Answer:
1. perpendicular axis theorem.

2. Moment of inertia of ring,
I = mr² ____(1)
Moment of inertia of ring in terms of radius of gyration,
I = mk² ____(2)
From eq(1) and eq(2), we get
mk² = mr²
radius of gyration, k = r.

3. I = I₀ + ma²

Question 2.
The earth is moving around the sun in an elliptical orbit and this brings out the seasons.

1. Name the physical quantity conserved in this.
2. As the earth approaches near the sun in its path, it moves faster. State whether this statement is correct or wrong. Why?
3. Determine the duration of the day on earth if it suddenly shrinks to 1/4^th of its present size while the mass of the earth remains unchanged. (Assume earth is a perfect sphere)

Answer:
1. Conservation of angular momentum.

2. This statement is correct.
When earth approaches near the sun, its moment of inertia decreases. To maintain angular momentum as constant, the angular velocity increases.

3. New volume of earth = 1/4 original volume of earth

Total angular momentum before shrinking = Total momentum after shrinking.
ie. I₁ω₁ = I₁ω₂
mr₁²ω₁ = m₂²ω₂ ______(2)
Sub eq(1) in eq(2)

we know period

T₂ = 3 hr
Duration of day T₂ = 3 hr.

Question 3.
1. Find the moment of inertia of a sphere about a tangent to the sphere, given the moment of inertia of the sphere about any of its diameters to be 2MR²/5, where M is the mass of the sphere and R is the radius of the sphere.
2. Given the moment of inertia of a disc of mass M and radius R about any of its diameters to be MR²/4, find its moment of inertia about an axis normal to the disc and passing through a point on its edge.
Answer:
1. Applying theorem of parallel axes, moment of inertia of sphere about a tangent

2. Using theorem of perpendicular axis, the moment of inertia of the disc about an axis passing through the centre of the disc

Using theorem of parallel axes, moment of inertia of the disc passing through a point on its edge and the normal to the disc

Question 4.
A solid cylinder of mass 20kg rotates about its axis with angular speed 100rad s^-1. The radius of the cylinder is 0.25m. What is the kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the cylinder? What is the magnitude of the angular mementum of the cylinder about its axis?
Answer:
M = 20kg
angularspeed, co – 100 rad s^-1; R = 0.25m
Moment of inertia of the cylinder about its axis
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)MR² = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 20 × (0.25)²kgm² = 0.625kgm²
Rotational kinetic energy,
Er = \(\frac{1}{2}\)Iω² = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 0.625 × (100)²J = 3125 J
Angular momentum,
L = Iω = 0.625 × 100 Js = 62.5 Js.

Question 5.
A rope of negligible mass is wound round a hollow cylinder of mass 3kg and radius 40cm. What is the angular acceleration of the cylinder if the rope is pulled with a force of 30N? What is the linear acceleration of the rope? Assume that there is no slipping.
Answer:
M = 3kg, R = 40cm = 0.4m
F = 30N, α = ?, a = ?
The torque acting on the cylinder,
τ = force × radius of the cylinder = 30N × 0.4m = 12Nm
The moment of inertia of the hollow cylinder about its axis,
I = MR² = 3kg × (0.4)²m² = 0.48kgm²
Now, τ = Iα, where α is angular acceleration
∴ The angular acceleration of the cylinder, r 12
α = \(\frac{\tau}{I}=\frac{12}{0.48}\)rad s^-2 = 25 rad s^-2
The linear acceleration of the rope,
a = Rα = 0.4 × 25m s^-2 = 10 m s^-2.

Question 6.
Explain why friction is necessary to make the disc in roll in the direction indicated.

1. Give the direction of the frictional force at B, and the sense of frictional torque, before perfect rolling begins.
2. What is the force of friction after perfect rolling begins?

Answer:
Friction is necessary for rolling.

1. Frictional force at B opposes velocity of B. So, the frictional force is in the same direction as the arrow. The sense of frictional torque is such as to oppose angular motion, \(\overrightarrow{ω_{0}}\) and \(\overrightarrow{τ_{0}}\) are both normal to the paper, the first into the paper and the second coming out of the paper.
2. Frictional force decreases the velocity of the point of contact B. Perfect rolling ensures when this velocity is zero. Once this is so, the force of friction is zero.

Students can Download Chapter 8 Financial Statements – I & Financial Statements – II Questions and Answers, Plus One Accountancy Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Accountancy Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 8 Financial Statements – I & Financial Statements – II

Plus One Accountancy Financial Statements – I & Financial Statements – II One Mark Questions and Answers

Plus One Accountancy Financial Statement Questions And Answers Question 1.
Closing stock is valued at
(a) Market Price
(b) Cost Price
(c) Market Price or Cost Price whichever is less.
Answer:
(c) Market Price or Cost Price whichever is less.

Financial Statements Without Adjustments Class 11 Solutions Question 2.
Carriage inward is debited to …………… account.
(a) Trading account
(b) Profit and Loss Account
(c) Cash Account
Answer:
(a) Trading Account

Plus One Accountancy Textbook Questions And Answers Question 3.
Balance Sheet is prepared to find out ……………
(a) Capital
(b) Net Profit
(c) Financial position
Answer:
(c) Financial Position

Plus One Accountancy Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Pdf Question 4.
Gross profit is the difference between ……………..
(a) Sales and Purchases
(b) Sales and total cost
(c) Sales and cost of goods sold
Answer:
(c) Sales and cost of goods sold

Trading And Profit And Loss Account Questions Question 5.
Interest on capital is ……………… to the business.
(a) Income
(b) Expenses
(c) Asset
Answer:
(b) Expenses

Plus One Accountancy Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 6.
Wages paid before it has become due is shown in the balance sheet as ……………..
(a) Asset
(b) Liability
(c) Expenses
Answer:
(a) Asset

Financial Statement With Adjustment Class 11 Question 7.
Ameer’s trial balance contains the following information.

• Bad debt Rs.400
• Provision for bad debts Rs. 1600

It is desired to maintain a provision for bad debts at Rs. 1500. The amount to be debited to profit and loss a/c is ………….
(a) Rs. 3500
(b) Rs. 100
(c) Rs. 300
Answer:
(c) Rs. 300

Trade Expenses In Final Accounts Question 8.
Profit from Profit and Loss account is transferred to …………… account.
(a) Asset account
(b) Capital account
(c) Liability account
Answer:
(b) Capital Account

Trade Expenses In Profit And Loss Account Question 9.
The Financial statements consist of:
(a) Trial Balance
(b) Profit and Loss account
(c) Balance sheet
(d) Both b and c
Answer:
(d) Both b and c

Find The Odd One Out Rent Salary Insurance Plant And Machinery Question 10.
Choose the correct order of ascertainment of the fol¬lowing profits from the profit and loss account:
(a) Operating profit. Net Profit, Gross profit
(b) Operating profit, Gross Profit, Net Profit
(c) Gross Profit, Operating Profit, Net Profit
(d) Gross Profit, Net Profit, Operating Profit
Answer:
(c) Gross profit, Operating profit, Net Profit

Trading Account Questions And Answers Question 11.
Which of the following are not taken into account at the time of calculation of operating profit?
(a) Normal transactions
(b) Abnormal items
(c) Expenses of a purely financial nature
(d) Both a and c
Answer:
(c) Expenses of a purely financial nature

Trading Profit And Loss Account Questions And Answers Question 12.
If the insurance premium paid Rs. 1,000 and prepaid insurance of Rs. 400. The amount of insurance premium shown in profit and loss a/c will be:
(a) Rs. 1400
(b) Rs. 1000
(c) Rs. 400
(d) Rs. 600
Answer:
(d) Rs. 600

Financial Statement With Adjustment Class 11 Questions Question 13.
When the Manager is entitled to a commission of 10% on profits after charging such commission, it is calculated on profits before charging commission by the formula ………….
(a) 10/90
(b) 10/100
(c) 10/110
(d) 90/100
Answer:
(c) 10/110

Question 14.
Profit and Loss Account is an account prepared to find out ………………
Answer:
Net Profit or Net Loss.

Question 15
Income tax paid for the trader from the business is treated as …………..
Answer:
Drawings.

Question 16.
Adjustments are made in the final accounts to satisfy ………. principle of accounting
Answer:
Matching Principle.

Question 17.
Free samples distributed among customer’s will be credited to ……….. account.
Answer:
Advertisement Account.

Question 18.
…………….. is an expenditure of the revenue nature in the current year, the benefit of which accrues gradually or lasts for more than one accounting year.
Answer:
Deferred Revenue Expenditure

Question 19.
EBIT stands for …………………
Answer:
Earnings Before Interest and Tax

Plus One Accountancy Financial Statements – I & Financial Statements – II Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Find the odd one and state the reason.

1. Wages, carriage, Trade expenses, Freight
2. Income tax paid, Salary paid, Rent paid, Wages paid

Answer:

1. Trade expense – It is an indirect expense, all others are direct expenses.
2. Income tax paid – It is a personal expense of the Proprietor, all others are business expenses.

Question 2.
The sales and cost of goods sold by John Brothers are Rs. 40,000 and Rs. 28,000 respectively. What is the amount of his gross profit?
Answer:
Gross profit = Sales – Cost of goods sold
= 40,000 – 28,000 = Rs. 12,000

Question 3.
What are the financial statements?
Answer:
The term Financial Statements generally refers to two statements prepared at the end of an accounting period for an enterprise. These are Trading and Profit and Loss Account, showing profitability of the business operations and Balance sheet, showing the financial position of the enterprises.

Question 4.
A new manufacturer incurred huge expenditure in advertisement. Explain the nature of expenditure.
Answer:
Deferred Revenue Expenditure:
“Expenses incurred today, and the benefit of which accrue gradually in subsequent year is called Deferred Revenue Expenditure. For example Expenses like advertisement, which may be incurred in one lump sum but the benefit of which will be received only within a series of years. The proportionate amount due the current year must be arrived at and debited to the P/L account. The balance must be shown on the assets side of the Balance sheet.

Question 5.
Calculate the value of cost of goods sold.

• Opening stock – 10,000
• Net purchases – 5,000
• Direct expenses – 2,000
• Closing stock – 10,500

Answer:
Cost of goods sold = Opening stock + Net Purchases + Direct Expenses – Closing stock
= (10,000 + 5000 + 2000) – 10500 = Rs. 6,500

Question 6.
What is Operating profit?
Answer:
Operating profit is the profit earned through the normal operations and activities of the business. Operating profit can be calculated as follows:
Operating profit = (Gross profit – Operating expense) + Operating income.

Or

= Net Profit + Non-operating expenses – Non-operating income.
Examples of non-operating expenses are loss on sale of assets, interest paid etc. Non-operating incomes are dividend received, Profit on sale of assets.

Question 7.
Operating profit earned by M/s. Asoka & Sons in 2010-11 was Rs. 17,00,000. Its non-operating incomes were Rs. 1,50,000 and non-operating expenses were Rs.3,75,000. Calculate the amount of net profit earned by the firm.
Answer:
Net profit = Operating profit – Non-operating expenses + Non operating income = 1700000 – 375000 + 150000 Net Profit =Rs. 1475000

Question 8 .
Explain the treatment of goods distributed as sample to customers.
Answer:
In order to increase sales, goods may be distributed among customers free of cost. Such free goods are in the form of samples for test use. It is in the form of advertisement expense. The amount is to be deducted from the purchases in the trading account. The cost of the sample is to be shown as an expenses in the profit and loss account.

Question 9.
To tally a balance sheet, one has to strictly adhere to the basic accounting equation ‘Asset = Liabilities + Captial’. Do you agree with this statement? Substantiate.
Answer:
Every transaction has two aspects which are equal in value but opposite in nature. One of the aspects will form part of liability and the other one asset. Be¬cause of this feature of accounting equation, a balance sheet is always tallied.

Question 10.

• Closing stock – Rs. 30,000
• Sales – Rs. 1,00,000

Gross Profit 20% on sale

• Purchases – Rs. 60,000
• Direct Wages – Rs. 7000

Find out opening stock.
Answer:
Opening stock = Sales + Closing stock – (Purchases + Direct Expense + Gross Profit)
= 1,00,000 + 30,000 – (60,000 + 7,000 + 20,000)
= 1,30,000 – 87,000 = 43,000

Question 11.
Provide provision for bad debt @ 10% on debtors from the particulars given below.

• Good Debts Rs. 10,000
• Doubtful debts Rs. 50,000
• Bad debts Rs. 1000

Answer:
Provision for doubtful debts = Doubtful debts × % of provision for bad debt
= 50000 × 10/100 = Rs. 5000

Question 12.
Payment received from debtors does not result a change in the total assets. Comment.
Answer:
When the payment is received from debtors the asset, cash is increased and also a corresponding decrease happens on the asset, Debtors. Therefore, there won’t be any change in the value of total assets in effect.

Question 13.
What is meant by provision for discount on debtors?
Answer:
This is a discount which is being allowed by an enterprise to its debtors to encourage prompt payments. Discount likely to be allowed to customers in an accounting year can be estimated and provided for by creating a provision for discount on debtors. Here, it is to be remembered that provision for discount made on good debtors which are arrived at by deducting further bad debts and the provision for doubtful debts.

Plus One Accountancy Financial Statements – I & Financial Statements – II Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Distinguish between capital and revenue expenditure.
Answer:
1. Capital expenditure increases earning capacity of business whereas revenue expenditure is incurred to maintain the earning capacity.

2. Capital expenditure is incurred to acquire fixed assets for operation of business whereas revenue expenditure is incurred on the day-to-day conduct of business.

3. Revenue Expenditure is recurring expenditure but capital expenditure is non-recurring by nature.

Question 2.
Differentiate between Direct and Indirect Expenses.
Answer:
1. Direct Expenses:
Means all expenses directly connected with the manufacture, purchase of goods and bringing them to the point of sale. Direct expenses include carriage inward, freight inwards, octroi, clearing charges, wages, factory lighting, coal, water, gas, fuel, import duty, cotton waste, royalty on production, heating, dock dues, customs duty etc.

2. Indirect expenses:
Are those expenses which are incurred after the manufacturing of goods. In other words, Indirect expenses are those expenses that are incurred to operate a business as a whole. Indirect expense include – carriage outward, rent, rates and tax, office expenses, selling and distribution expenses.

Question 3.
Mention the difference between a Balance Sheet and a Trial Balance. (Any two points).
Answer:

Question 4.
Calculate closing stock from the following

• Sales – 20,000
• Purchases – 12,300
• Return inwards – 500
• Carriage inwards – 400
• Return outwards – 1,000
• Gross Profit – 8000

Answer:
Trading Account

Question 5.
On 1^st January 2008, a firm had a stock of goods valued at Rs. 10,000. During the year the following transactions took place.

• Sales – 2,00,000
• Purchases – 1,20,000
• Carriage inwards – 500
• Sales returns – 2,000
• Purchase returns – 1,000
• Find out the amount of Gross Profit.

Answer:

1. Gross Profit = Net Sales – Cost of goods sold
2. Net sales = 2,00,000 – 2,000 = 1,98,000
3. Net Purchase = 1,20,000 -1000 = 1,19,000.
4. Cost of goods sold = 10,000 + 1,19,000 + 500 = 1,29,500
5. Gross Profit = 1,98,000 – 1,29,500 = Rs. 68,500

Question 6.
What do you mean by Profit and Loss Account.
Answer:
Profit and Loss a/c is an account prepared to find out the net profit earned or net loss incurred by a business during an accounting period. It is debited with all operating expenses and losses and credited with incomes and profit. This account begins with the Gross Profit or Gross Loss brought down from Trading A/c.

If the total of the credit side of this account is more than the total of the debit side, the difference is net profit. If the total of the debit side exceeds the total of the credit side, the difference is net loss. The amount of net profit or net loss transferred to capital account.

Question 7.
From the following information calculate operating profit.

• Cost of goods sold – Rs. 5,00,000
• Administrative expenses – 25,000
• Selling & Distribution expenses – 35,000
• Net sales – 7,50,000

Answer:

• Operating Profit = Gross Profit – (Operating expenses + Operating income)
• Gross Profit = Net sales – Cos of goods sold = 7,50,000-5,00,000 = 2,50,000
• Operating Expenses = Administration expense + Selling and Distribution exp.
• Operating Profit = 2,50,000 – (25,000+ 35,000) = Rs. 1,90,000

Question 8.
What do you mean by Deferred Revenue Expenditure? Can you present it with a suitable example?
Answer:
“Deferred Revenue Expenditure is an expenditure of the revenue nature in the current year, the benefit of which accrues gradually or lasts for more than one accounting year.”

Examples are advertisements of usually high amounts, cost of shifting business to a more convenient location, etc. The amounts spend on such expenses would be spread over the period for which the benefit arises. Suppose if a concern spends Rs. 5 lakh for advertisement and it is expected that the benefit of its lasts for 5 years, the amount to be treated as current year’s expenditure is only one fifth (1/5) of Rs. 5 lakhs ie. Rs. 1 lakh. The balance Rs. 4 lakhs would be treated as an asset.

Question 9.
State the reasons why the following items appear or not in the Profit and Loss A/c.

1. Bad debts
2. Drawings
3. Provision for bad debts.

Answer:

1. Bad debts is an indirect expenditure and hence it appears in the Profit and Loss A/c.
2. Drawings will reduce the capital a/c. Therefore, it cannot be shown in the P/L a/c.
3. Provision for bad debt is a charge against profit. Hence it will appear in the P/LA/c.

Question 10.
Mr. Narayanan, an accountant of Samay Ltd wrote off Rs. 2000 as bad debts in the year 2004. The total
Sundry debtors for the year 2005 is Rs. 26,000. During this year half of the bad debts written off in the last year were recovered. Give Journal Entry for the recovery of bad debts and also show how it will be dealt in the financial statement for the year 2005.
Answer:

Question 11.
What are adjusting entries? Why are they necessary for preparing final accounts?
Answer:
Entries which are given outside the trial balance are called adjustment entries, to record those entries a proper treatment is required according to the double-entry system. Here it is to be remembered that all the adjustments given outside the Trial Balance are posted at two places.

Adjustment is generally done for those items which are omitted or entered with the wrong amount and/or recorded under wrong heads. The following are reasons for recording or. incorporating these adjustment entries in preparation of final account.

1. Through these adjustment entries, we come to know the actual figure of profit or loss.
2. Because of these adjusting entries, we can assess the true financial position of an organisation based on accrual basis of accounting.
3. These adjustment entries enable us to records the omitted entries and help in rectifying all those errors.
4. These adjusting entries help in providing depreciation and making different provisions, such as Bad Debts and Depreciation.

Question 12.
What is meant by provision for doubtful debts? How are ‘the relevant accounts prepared and what journal entries are recorded in final accounts? How is the amount for provision for doubtful debts calculated?
Answer:
Provision for doubtful debts is a kind of arrangement about the expect bad debts from the debtors. Generally it is provided after deducting the amount of bad debts from the debtors. As provision for doubtful debts is made after preparing the trial balance, to record it we need a kind of adjustment entry in this regard we prepare debtors account and provision for doubtful debts account. For recording bad debts, the following journal entry is passed.

• Profit and Loss A/c Dr
  To Provision for Doubtful Debts A/c (Being provision for doubtful debts is created out of current year profits)

Computation of the Amount of Provision for Doubtful Debts As it is given at the end of a trial balance as an adjustment, little another related adjustment may be there for instance bad debts and discount on debtors. In this case provision for doubtful debt will be created after deducting the figure for bad debts out of the debtor figure.

Plus One Accountancy Financial Statements – I & Financial Statements – II Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is Trading Account? Explain its purpose.
Answer:
The trading account is an account which shows the results of buying and selling of goods or services. It contains summarized form of all the transactions occurring during a trading period. This account is credited with direct incomes and debited with direct expenses.

Trading account is prepared to ascertain the gross result of the business. The gross result of the business is either gross profit or gross loss. If the net sales exceeds cost of goods sold then there is gross profit and if the opposite takes place, there is a gross loss.

Gross profit = Net sales – Cost of goods sold Gross Loss = Cost of goods sold – Net Sales Purposes of a trading account are:

1. To ascertain the gross profit or gross loss.
2. To enable the management to make a comparison of gross profit or gross loss with that of the previous year.
3. To ascertain different ratios such as gross profit ratio, ratio of cost of goods sold to sales etc.

Question2.
From the following details, prepare Trading Account.

• Opening stock – Rs. 12500
• Purchases – Rs. 22,000
• Purchase returns – Rs.2000
• Wages – Rs. 2000
• Carriage inwards – Rs. 500
• Sales – Rs. 57,000
• Sales returns – Rs. 3,000
• Closing stock – Rs. 15,000

Answer:
Trading Account for the year ended ………..

Question 3.
What is a Balance Sheet? Explain the needs for preparing Balance Sheet.
Answer:
A Balance Sheet is a statement prepared to ascertain the true position of assets and liabilities as on a particular date. It is prepared at the end of the accounting period, after the preparation of Trading and Profit and Loss account. It is called Balance sheet, as it is a statement prepared with the balance of accounts left after the preparation of Trading and Profit and Loss account.

It gives clear picture of the financial position of the concern. Accounts of Assets, liabilities and Owner’s equity are shown in the Balance Sheet. Items of liabilities and capital are shown on the left side, known as “liabilities” side and the item of assets are shown on the right-hand side, known as “Assets” side of the balance sheet. Balance sheet is prepared with the following objectives.

1. To ascertain the financial position of the concern.
2. To ascertain the nature of assets and liabilities of the firm.
3. To know about the source and application of funds.
4. To ascertain working capital as on the date of Balance sheet.
5. To ascertain the excess of assets over external liabilities.

Question 4.
What do you mean by Grouping and Marshalling of assets and liabilities?
Answer:
1. Grouping:
The term grouping means putting together items of similar nature under a common heading in the Balance sheet.

2. Marshaling:
Marshaling denotes the order in which the assets and liabilities are shown in the Balance sheet. They are arranged in the following two different ways.

a. In the order of liquidity:
Liquidity means the capacity to raise cash, Under these approach assets are presented in the order of their liquidity. ‘Cash’ being the most liquid item, it is shown as the first item whereas the least liquid item such as ‘Goodwill’ is shown as the last one. The most urgent liability is shown first and the least urgent to pay is shown last.

b. In the order of permanence:
Linder this approach, permanent assets, and liabilities are shown first followed by current assets and liabilities. Joint Stock Companies have to prepare their Balance sheet in the order of permanence. This is just the reverse of the order of liquidity.

Question 5.
Show the treatment in financial statements in respect of the following:

1. Outstanding expenses
2. Managers commission
3. Interest on capital

Answer:
1. Outstanding expenses:
Expenses that have been incurred during the current year, but the payment has not been made is called outstanding expenses. It must be added to respective expense account in the Trading and Profit and Loss account. It will be shown on the ‘liability’ side of the Balance sheet.

2. Managers Commission:
Commission on net profit, at a specific percentage, may be allowed to the manager of a business concern. The commission as a percentage of the net profit may be ‘before’ or ‘after’ charging such commission. In the absence of any special instructions, it is assumed that commission is allowed as a percentage of the net profit before charging such commission.

• If the commission is on the net profit before charging such commission, the formula is
  Profit before commission × \(\frac{\text { rate of commission }}{100}\)
• If the commission is on the net profit after charging such commission the formula is
  Profit × rate/(100 + rate)
• The amount of commission must be debited to Profit and Loss account and it must be shown as a liability in the Balance sheet.

3. Interest on capital:
Sometimes interest is paid on the Proprietor’s capital. Interest is allowed at a certain rate on the capital at the beginning of the year. Such interest is an expense to the business and is debited to Profit and Loss Account. It is shown in the liability side by adding the same to capital.

Plus One Accountancy Financial Statements – I & Financial Statements – II Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
From the following figures, prepare profit and loss account of M/s. Thomas and Sons for the year ended 31.03.2008.

• Gross Profit – 15000
• Printing charges – 750
• Salaries – 5000
• Carriage outwards – 500
• Interest received – 2000
• Bad debts – 500
• Insurance charges – 400
• Discount allowed 650
• Discount received – 750
• Advertisement – 440

Answer:
Profit and Loss Account of M/s. Thomas & Sons for the year ended 31.03.08

Question 2.
Arrange the following assets and liabilities in the order of liquidity and in the order of permanence.

Answer:

Question 3.
Write the adjustment entries for the following:-
a) Salary outstanding Rs. 5000.
b) Insurance prepaid Rs. 5100.
c) Depreciation of Machinery Rs. 4000
d) The commission received in advance Rs. 1000
e) Interest on drawing Rs. 400
Answer:

Question 4.
What are the closing entries? Give examples.
Answer:
The preparation of trading and profit and loss account requires that the balances of accounts of all concerned items are transferred to it for its compilation. For transferring the balance of all the ledger account to concerned head is done through closing entries.
For examples:
1. Opening stock account, purchase account, wages account, carriage inward account, and direct expense account are closed by transferring to the debit side of the trading and profit and loss account.
The journal entry is:

• Trading A/c Dr
• To opening stock A/c
• To Purchase A/c
• To Wages A/c
• To Carriage inward A/c
• To Direct Expense A/c

2. The purchase return account is closed by transferring its balance to the purchase account. The journal entry is:

• Purchase Return A/c Dr
• To Purchase A/c

3. The sales return account is closed by transferring its balance to the sales account as:

• Sales A/c Dr
• To Sales Return A/c

4. The Sales account is closed by transferring its balance to the credit side of the trading and profit and loss account.
The Journal entry is:

• Sales A/c Dr
• To Trading A/c

Plus One Accountancy Financial Statements – I & Financial Statements – II Six Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The following are the extracts from Trial Balance of a business.

• Sundry Debtors = 40,000
• Bad debts = 4,000
• Provision for bad debts = 5,000

Additional Information:

1. Provide further bad debts Rs. 2000
2. Create 10% provision for bad debts.

Pass Journal entries and show how these items will appear in the final accounts.
Answer:
Journal

Question 2.
Show the treatment of prepaid expenses,
depreciation, closing stock at the time of preparation of final accounts.

1. When given inside the trial balance.
2. When given outside the trial balance.

Answer:
Treatment of prepaid expenses, depreciation and closing stock at the time of preparing the final account.
1. When Given Inside the Trial Balance Prepaid Expenses:
When prepaid expenses are given in the trial balance itself it will be treated as current assets only and will be posted in the Assets Side of the balance sheet. No further adjustment will be required in this case.

Depreciation:
When depreciation is given in the trial balance it will be treated as an expenditure and will be shown in the debit side of the Profit and Loss Account. No further adjustment will be required in this case.

Closing Stock:
When closing stock is given in the trial balance it will purely be treated as assets and will be shown only in the Assets Side of the Balance sheet. No further adjustment will be required in this case.

2. When Given Outside the Trial Balance Prepaid Expenses:
When prepaid expenses are given outside the trial balance it will be treated as an Adjustment and will be posted at two places, first of all, it will be deducted from the concerned expenses in the debit side of Profit and Loss Account and after that, it will be treated as current assets and will be posted in the Assets side of the Balance Sheet.

Depreciation:
When depreciation is given outside the trial balance be treated as an adjustment and will be posted at two places to comply with the rules of the double-entry bookkeeping system. First of all the amount of depreciation will be shown in the debit side of Profit and Loss account as an expenditure and the amount of depreciation will be deducted from the concerned assets in the assets side of Balance Sheet.

Closing Stock:
When closing stock is given outside the trial balance it will purely be treated as an adjustment and will be posted at two places first of all the amount of closing stock will be shown at the credit side of Trading Account and after that it will be shown as an assets in the Assets side of the Balance Sheet.

Plus One Accountancy Financial Statements – I & Financial Statements – II Eight Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The following is the extract takes from the Trial Balance of Vimal.
Trial Balance as on 31.03.2008

Adjustments:

1. Salary outstanding has not been recorded – Rs.8000
2. Prepaid insurance was meant for Proprietor’s son.
3. Write off further Rs. 200 as bad debts and make a provision for doubtful debts @ 5%.
4. Depreciate furniture @ 10%.

You are required to prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31.03.2008 and Balance Sheet as on the date.
Answer:
Trading and Profit and Loss a/c for the year ended 31.03.2008

Balance sheet as on 31.03.2008

Question 2.
Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss a/c for the year ended 31.03.05 and Balance sheet as on that date from the following balance.


Answer:
Trading and Profit and Loss A/c of Mr. Babu for the year ended 31.03.05

Balance Sheet of Mr. Babu as on 31.03.05

Question 3.
The following is the Trial Balance of Vineeth as on 30.06.2008.

Additional Information:

1. Closing stock is valued at Rs. 8750.
2. Provide 5% of debtors for bad debts and 2% of debtors and creditors for discount.
3. Provide interest on capital at 10% and charge interest on drawings at 5%.
4. Depreciate delivery van by 20%.
5. Only one-fifth of advertisement is to be treated as expenses of current year.

Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss A/c for the year ended 30.06.2008 and also a Balance Sheet as on that date.
Answer:
Trading and Profit and Loss A/c for the year ended 30.06.08

Balance Sheet as on 30.06.2008

Note: Discount on Debtors
= (20000-1000) × 2/100 = 380
Discount on Creditors = 10500 × 2/100 = 210

Question 4.
Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31.03.2005 and a Balance Sheet as on that date from the following balances.

Adjustments:

1. Stock on 31.03.05 Rs. 72,600.
2. Depreciate Plant and Machinery by 33 1/3%, Furniture by 10% and Freehold property by 5%.
3. Loose tools valued at Rs. 1,760 on 31.3.05.
4. Of the Sundry debtors Rs. 660 are bad and should be written off.
5. Maintain a provision of 5% debtors for doubtful debts.
6. The Manager is entitled to a commission of 10% of the net profits after charging such commission.

Answer:
1. Trading and Profit and Loss A/c for the year ended 31.03.2005


Balance Sheet as on 31.03.2005

Note: Manager’s Commission:
Net Profit before commission = 49280 (111870-62590)
Therefore, Managers commission @ 10% of Net Profit after charging commission = 49280 × 1°/110 = 4480

Question 5.
The following is the Trial Balance of Balu as on 31/12/2011.

Adjustments:

1. Closing stock Rs. 9,500
2. Depreciate plant and machinery at 10% p.a
3. Interest on loan at 12% is due for the whole year.
4. Write off further Rs.400 as bad debts and provision for bad debts is to be made equal to 5% on debtors.
5. Provide 2% for discount on debtors.

Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss A/c for the year ended and Balance sheet as on 31/12/2011.
Answer:
Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31/12/2011


Balance sheet as on 31/12/2011

Question 6.
The following is the Trial Balance of Mahesh as on 31/3/11.

Adjustments:

1. Closing stock Rs. 65,000
2. Insurance prepaid Rs. 400
3. Commission earned but not received amounts to Rs. 300
4. Write off 1/5 of leasehold premises and provide a depreciation of 10% on plant and machinery.
5. Debtors include goods of the cost of Rs. 4,000 sent on sale or return basis at an invoice price of Rs. 5,000. The goods are likely to be returned.
6. Transfer 10% of net profit to reserve. Prepare Trading and Profit and Loss A/c and Balance Sheet.

Answer:
Trading and Profit and Loss A/c for the year ended 31/3/2011.


Balance Sheet as on 31/03/2011

Note:
Reserve = 10% of net profit
79,500 -16,800 = 62,700 x 10% = 6,270

Question 7.
From the following balance extracted from the books of M/s. Hariharan Brother, you are required to prepare the trading and profit and loss account and a balance sheet as on December 31, 2005.

Adjustments:

1. Closing stock Rs. 14000
2. Wages outstanding Rs.600, Salaries outstandings Rs. 1,000, Rent outstanding Rs. 200.
3. Fire Insurance premium includes Rs.1200 paid in July 01, 2005, to run for one year from July 01, 2005, to June 30, 2006.
4. Apprenticeship Premium is for three years paid in advance on January 01, 2005.
5. Stationery bill for Rs. 60 remain unpaid.
6. Depreciation on Premises @ 5%, furniture @ 10%, Machinery @ 10%.
7. Interest on loan given accrued for one year @ 7%.
8. Interest on investment @ 5% for half year to December 31, 2005, has accrued.
9. Interest on capital to be allowed at 5% for one year.
10. Interest on drawings to be charged to him ascertained for the year Rs. 160.

Answer:
Books of Hariharan Bros.
Trading and Profit and Loss account for the year ended December 31, 2005


Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2005

Question 8.
Prepare the trading and profit and loss account of M/s.Roni Plastic Ltd. from the following trial balance and a balance sheet as at March 31,2006.


Adjustments:

1. Depreciation on land and building at 5% and Motor vehicle at @ 15%.
2. Interest on loan is @ 5% taken on April 01, 2005
3. Goods costing Rs. 1200 were sent to a customer on sale on return basis for Rs.1400 on March 30, 2006, and has been recorded in the books as actual sales.
4. Salaries amounting to Rs. 1400 and Rates amounting to Rs. 800 are due.
5. The bad debts provision is to be brought up to @ 5% on Sundry debtors.
6. The closing stock was Rs. 13,700.
7. Goods costing Rs. 1,000 were taken away by the proprietor for his personal use but not entry has been made in the books of account.
8. Insurance prepaid Rs. 350.
9. Provide the Manager’s commission at @ 5% on Net profit after charging such commission.

Answer:
Books of Roni’s Plastic Ltd.
Trading and Profit and Loss account for the year ended December 31, 2006


Note: New provision for bad debt = (38200 -1400) 5/100 = 1840
Balance Sheet as on 31.3.2006

Question 9.
From the following balances extracted from the books of Raga Ltd. prepare a trading and profit and loss account for the year ended December 31, 2011, and a balance sheet as on that date.

The additional information is as under

1. The closing stock was valued at the end of the year 20,000.
2. Depreciation on plant and machinery charged @ 5% and land and building @ 10%.
3. Discount on debtors @ 3%.
4. Make a provision @ 5% on debtors for bad debts.
5. Salary outstanding was? 100 and wages prepaid was? 40.
6. The manager is entitled a commission of 5% on net profit after charging such commission.

Answer:
Trading and Profit and Loss Account as on 31^st December 2011

Balance Sheet as on 31^st December 2011

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Kerala Plus One Malayalam Textbook Questions and Answers, Notes, Chapters Summary HSSLive

Unit 1 Kinav

• Chapter 1 Sandarsanam
• Chapter 2 Ormayude Njaramb
• Chapter 3 Verukal Nashtapedunnavar
• Chapter 4 Matsyam

Unit 2 Kalca

• Chapter 1 Kayalarikathu
• Chapter 2 Cinemayum Samoohavum Kalavupoya Cyclum
• Chapter 3 Kazhinjupoya Kalaghattavum
• Chapter 4 Kaippad Kelkkunnundo?

Unit 3 Ullariv

• Chapter 1 Kavyakalaye Kurichu Chila Nireekshanangal
• Chapter 2 Oonjalil
• Chapter 3 Anargha Nimisham
• Chapter 4 Lathiyum Vediyundayum

Unit 4 Uravu

• Chapter 1 Peeli Kannukal
• Chapter 2 Anukampa
• Chapter 3 Muhyadheen Mala
• Chapter 4 Vasanavikrithi
• Chapter 5 Samkramanam
• Chapter 6 Shasthrakriya

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Kerala State Board New Syllabus Plus One Hindi Textbook Answers Unit 3 Chapter 9 आनंद की फूलझडियाँ Text Book Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Kerala Plus One Hindi Textbook Answers Unit 3 Chapter 9 आनंद की फूलझडियाँ

Anand Ki Fuljhadiya Plus One Hindi Chapter 9  प्रश्न 1.
पात्र और घटनाओं का सही मिलान करें।

उत्तर:

आनंद की फुलझड़ियाँ Plus One Hindi Chapter 9 प्रश्न 2.
संक्षेपण करें: “एक बूढ़ा आदमी, जिसके बाल सफ़ेद हो गए थे इसके फल मेरे नाती-पोते खाएँगे।”
उत्तर:

सत्कृत्य:
बूढ़े आदमी से नवजवान ने समझा कि पेड़ पौधे लगाने से प्रकृति सुन्दर हो जाती है और भविष्य में उपयोग में आता है।

Hindi Plus आनंद की फुलझड़ियाँ Chapter 9 प्रश्न 3.
संभ्रांत महिला रेलगाड़ी से कुछ चीजें बाहर फेंकती जा रही है तब सहयात्री और संभ्रांत महिला के बीच का संभावित वार्तालाप तैयार करें।
उत्तर:
संहयात्री : यह आप क्या फेंक रही हैं?
महिला : मैं…….?
सहयात्री : हाँ…. हाँ…….
महिला : तुम देखते नहीं?
सहयात्री : इसलिए तो पूछता हूँ।
महिला : ये तो बीज हैं।
सहयात्री : बीज?
महिला : हाँ… हाँ… फल-फूलों के बीज हैं।
सहयात्री : इनको खिड़की से क्यों फैंकती हैं?
महिला : इनमें कुछ जड़ पकड़ लेंगे।
सहयात्री : तो फिर?
महिला : तब फायदा होगा।
सहयात्री : फायदा? किस प्रकार?
महिला : फूलेंगे, फलेंगे।
सहयात्री : तब?
महिला : मनुष्य के लिए उपयोगी होंगे।
सहयात्री : अरे बापरे! आप तो महान कार्य कर रही हैं।
महिला : यह लो….आप भी फेंकिए।
सहयात्री : हाँ…… हाँ….. दीजिए।

Apoorv Anubhav Class 11 Summary In Hindi Chapter 9 प्रश्न 4.
मान लें, रेलगाड़ी में सफर करनेवाली वृद्ध संभ्रांत महिला की नज़र डिब्बे में चिपके हुए विज्ञापन पर पड़ती है जो रक्तदान के महत्व को रेखांकित करता है। संकेतों के सहारे वह विज्ञापन तैयार करें।

• समभाव
• सहिष्णुता
• मानव-प्रेम
• जीवनदान

उत्तर:

स्वास्थ्य मंत्रालय का विज्ञापन
‘रक्तदान महादान है।’

भाईयो,…… बहनो,…..
रोगावस्था में पीड़ित भाई-बहनों से समभाव रखिए । सहिष्णुता और अनुकंपा रखकर जान बचाने के लिए रक्तदान करके सहायता दीजिए। रक्तदान जीवनदान ही है!! सरकारी रक्तदान केन्द्रों में जाकर खुशी से रक्तदान कीजिए!! आपका रक्त कटेगा नहीं बढ़ेगा!! दूसरों की जान बचेगी।

Plus One 9 Hindi आनंद की फुलझड़ियाँ प्रश्न 5.
‘आज भी वह रक़म अमेरिका में ज़रूरतमंदों के हाथों में घूम रही है’ – मान लें, वह रक़म अपने वर्तमान अनुभवों का आत्मकथा के रूप में ज़िक्र करती है। वह आत्मकथांश लिखें।
उत्तर:

मैं हूँ जरूरतमंदों के सामने

मैं रकम हूँ। मैं साधारण रकम नहीं। मैं एक अपूर्व रकम हूँ। मैं जन्म से अमेरिकी हूँ। अमेरिका के प्रसिडेंट बेंजमिन फ्रैंकलीन के हाथों से मेरा जन्म हुआ। मुझे प्रसिडेंटजी ने एक गरीब विद्यार्थी की सहायता में दिया था। मैंने उसे भाग्यवान् बनाया। विद्यार्थी ने मुझे वापस करने के लिए प्रसिडेंट के पास गया। लेकिन, बेंजमिनजी ने उससे बतायाः “आप इसे अपने ही पास रखिए और जब आपके पास कोई ऐसा ही ज़रूरतमंद आये तो उसे यह दे दीजिए” । उस व्यक्ति ने ऐसा ही किया। आज भी मैं अमेरिका के ज़रूरतमंदों के हाथों में घूम रही हूँ। मैं कितना सौभाग्यवान हूँ! ज़रूरत पड़े, मुझे बुलाईए। मैं ज़रूर आऊँगा।

मेरे इतने जीवनकाल से मैंने समझा कि समाज की पूँजी धनवानों के हाथों में है। पूँजी का समुचित विवरण से समाज का संतुलन होता है। जरूरतमंदों के हाथों में पूँजी का सौगुना मूल्य होगा। मैं रकम, पूँजी समान है। मैं जरूरतमंदों को जीवनदान करता हूँ।

Plus One Hindi आनंद की फूलझडियाँ Important Questions and Answers

प्रश्न 1.
ज़मीन कौन खोद रहा था?
उत्तर:
एक बूढ़ा आदमी।

प्रश्न 2.
बूढ़े आदमी क्या बो रहे हैं?
उत्तर:
आम की गुठलियाँ।

प्रश्न 3.
नौजवान के प्रश्न पर बूढ़े का उत्तर क्या था?
उत्तर:
भविष्य में दूसरों की भलाई के लिए आम की गुठलियाँ बो रहा हूँ।

प्रश्न 4.
पूर्वजों के मनोवृत्ति का फल क्या है?
उत्तर:
वर्तमान के लोगों के लिए भलाई होती है।

प्रश्न 5.
लेखक ने सुंदर स्वभाव की परिभाषा कैसे दी है?
उत्तर:
अशा दूसरों को सुख और आनंद पधुंचानेवाले सात्विक आनंद का स्वभाव।

प्रश्न 6.
हमारे पूर्वजों की इसी मनोवृत्ती का फल है, जो हम जगह-जगह अमराई देखते हैं। कौन-सी मनोवृत्ति?
उत्तर:
अपने स्वार्थी जीवन को त्यागकर दूसरों को सुख और आनंद पहुँचाने के सुंदर स्वभाव की मनोवृत्ति ।

प्रश्न 7.
बूढ़ा आदमी का ‘आम की गुठलियाँ बोना’ घटना का मुख्य आशय क्या है?
उत्तर:
हमें दूसरों को सुख और आनंद पहूँचानेवाले सात्विक आनंद के स्वभाव अपनाना चाहिए।

प्रश्न 8.
मान लें, रेलगाड़ी में सफर करनेवाली वृद्ध संभ्रांत महिला की नज़र डिब्बे में चिपके हुए विज्ञापन पर पड़ती है जो रक्तदान के महत्व को रेखांकित करता है। संकेतों के सहारे वह विज्ञापन तैयार करें।

• समभाव
• सहिष्णुता
• मानव-प्रेम
• जीवनदान

उत्तर:

स्वास्थ्य मंत्रालय का विज्ञापन
‘रक्तदान महादान है।’

भाईयो,…… बहनो,…..
रोगावस्था में पीड़ित भाई-बहनों से समभाव रखिए। सहिष्णुता और अनुकंपा रखकर जान बचाने के लिए | रक्तदान करके सहायता दीजिए। रक्तदान जीवनदान ही है!! सरकारी रक्तदान केन्द्रों में जाकर खुशी से रक्तदान कीजिए!! आपका रक्त कटेगा नहीं बढ़ेगा!! दूसरों की जान बचेगी।

प्रश्न 9.
संभ्रान्त महिला किस उम्मीद से फल और फूलों के बज़ फेंक रही है?
उत्तर:
उनमें से कुछ भी अगर जड़ पकड़ लेगें तो लोगों का इससे कुछ फायदा होगा।

प्रश्न 10.
निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़ें और प्रश्नों का उत्तर लिखें।

एक वृद्ध संभ्रांत महिला रेलगाड़ी से सफ़र कर रही थी। वे खिड़की के पास बैठकर, बीच-बीच में अपनी मुट्ठी से कुछ चीज़ बाहर फेंकती जा रही थीं। एक सहयात्री ने, जो यह देख रहा था, पूछा, “यह आप क्या कर रही हैं?” उस महिला ने जवाब दिया, “ये सुंदर फलों और फूलों के बीज़ हैं। मैं इन्हें इस उम्मीद से फेंक रही हूँ कि इनमें से कुछ भी अगर जड़ पकड़ लेंगे तो लोगों का इससे कुछ फायदा होगा । पता नहीं इस रास्ते से फिर गुजरूँ या न गुजरूँ, इसलिए क्यों न मैं इस संधि का उपयोग क लूँ?”

i. रेलगाड़ी से कौन यात्रा कर रहीं थी?
उत्तर:
एक वृद्ध संभ्रात महिला।

ii. वे क्या कर रही थीं?
उत्तर:
अपनी मुट्ठी से सुंदर फलों और फूलों के बीज़ बाहर फेंकती जा रही थीं।

iii. सहयात्री ने क्या पूछा?
उत्तर:
सहयात्री ने पूछा : यह आप क्या कर रही हैं?

iv. गद्यांश का संक्षेपण करें।
उत्तर:
एक वृद्ध संभ्रात महिला रेलगाड़ी से सफर करते समय सुंदर फलों और फूलों के बीज़ बाहर फेंकती जा रही थीं। उनका उद्धेश्य था कि उनमें से कुछ भी अगर जड़ पकड़ लेंगे तो, लोगों का उससे कुछ फायदा होगा।

v. संक्षेपण केलिए उचित शीर्षक दें।
उत्तर:
जन-सेवा।

प्रश्न 11.
हमें किसके परे रहना चाहिए?
उत्तर:
घर भौतिकवाद और भोग-विलास की हाय-हाय से परे ।

प्रश्न 12.
किस प्रकार के लोगों को देखकर मानव जाति के भविष्य पर श्रद्धा और विश्वास कर सकते हैं?
उत्तर:
जमाने के अंधकार में भी आनंद की फुलझड़ियों से प्रकाश फैलाते रहनेवालों को देखकर ।

प्रश्न 13.
बेंचमिन फ्रांक्लिन ने विद्यार्थी की मदद कैसे की?
उत्तर:
उन्होंने विद्यार्थी को बीस डॉलर देकर मदद की।

प्रश्न 14.
कुछ दिनों के बाद विद्यार्थी डॉलर लौटाने आए तो फ्रांक्लिन ने क्या कहा?
उत्तर:
उन्होंने कहा : “मुझे याद तो नहीं है कि मैंने यह रक़म आपको कब दी। लेकिन खैर, आप इसे अपने ही पास रखिए और जब आपके पास कोई ऐसा ही जरूरतमंद आए तो उसे यह दे दीजिए।”

प्रश्न 15.
बीस डॉलर किनके हाथों में घूम रही है?
उत्तर:
जरूरतमंदों के हाथों में।

प्रश्न 16.
ज़रूरतमंद कौन-कौन हो सकता है?
उत्तर:
सहायता मिलने के लिए व्याकुल रहनेवाले सभी लोग ज़रूरतमंद होते हैं।

प्रश्न 17.
हमारा जीवन मुसीबतों से भरा पड़ा है । कैसे?
उत्तर:
अब लड़ाई, गरीबी, महंगाई और गुलामी से।

प्रश्न 18.
दुनिया रहने लायक कैसे बनी?
उत्तर:
निस्वार्थ और आदर्श-प्रिय लोगों की उपस्थिति से।

प्रश्न 19.
पैसा वापस देने आया छात्र औह बेंजमिन फ्रैंकलीन के बीच का वार्तालाप तैयार करें?
उत्तर:
छात्र : नमस्कार जी!
फ्रैंकलीन : नमस्कार।
छात्र : आप मुझे जानते हैं?
फ्रैंकलीन : याद नहीं, लगता है कि देखा है।
छात्र : मैंने आप से कुछ डॉलर माँग लिया था।
फ्रैंकलीन : कब?
छात्र : कुछ साल पहले मेरी पढ़ाई केलिए। अब मेरी पढ़ाई खतम हुई। वह डॉलर वापस देने आया हूँ।
फ्रैंकलीन : यह डॉलर मुझे नहीं, किसी ज़रूरतमंद को दो।
छात्र : आप का मन कितना अच्छा है!
फ्रैंकलीन : तुम से कोई ज़रूरतमंद व्यक्ति माँगे है तो उसे यह डॉलर दो। जाओ।
छात्र : ठीक है, धन्यवाद ।

प्रश्न 20.
किसके लिए छीना-झपटी होती थी?
उत्तर:
टिकट लेने के लिए।

प्रश्न 21.
टिकट बाबू किन बातों को सुना-अनसुना करके अपना काम करते रहे?
उत्तर:
टिकट लेने के लिए छीना-झपटी करनेवालों के परिहासों और धमकियों को।

प्रश्न 22.
टिकट बाबू की परेशानी का कारण क्या था?
उत्तर:
टिकट लेने के लिए बड़ी भीड़ थी। वहाँ पर छीना-झपटी होती थी। छोटी-सी खिड़की से टिकट के लिए घुसानेवाले अनेक हाथों को टिकट देने केलिए टिकटबाबू अकेला था।

प्रश्न 23.
टिकट बाबू पर इन शब्दों का अजीब असर पड़ा । क्यों?
उत्तर:
लेखक ने टिकट बाबू की परेशानी समझकर बड़ी सहानुभूति से व्यवहार करके मुसाफिरों को शांत किया।

प्रश्न 24.
टिकट बाबू को नई ताकत कैसे मिली?
उत्तर:
लेखक की सहानुभूति के शब्दों से टिकट बाबू को नयी … ताकत मिली।

प्रश्न 25.
टिकट बाबू का हृदय कब मोम-सा हो गया?
उत्तर:
टिकट बाबू के प्रति लेखक सहानुभूति दर्शाने पर।

प्रश्न 26.
टिकट बाबू से संबंधित घटना का ज़िक्र करते हुए लेखक अपने मित्र को पत्र लिखता है। वह पत्र तैयार करें।
उत्तर:

स्थान,
तारीख,

प्रिय मित्र रामू,

तुम कैसे हो? ठीक हो न? यहाँ पर मैं ठीक ही हूँ।
रामू, कुछ दिन पहले अपने काम से मुंबई जाने के लिए मैं टिकट लेने गया। वहाँ पर बड़ी छीना-झपटी होती थी। टिकट बाबू बड़ी परेशानी में था। लोग हल्ला करते थे, टिकट बाबू का परिहास करते थे। कुछ लोग उनको धमकी भी करता था। लेकिन टिकट बाबू इन बातों को सुना- अनसुना करके आपना काम करते रहे। मैं पास ही खड़ा था। मैंने बड़ी सहानुभूति से टिकट बाबू के बारे में यात्रियों से बात की। मेरी सहानुभूति देखकर टिकटबाबू को बड़ा आश्वास मिल गया। उन्होंने जल्दी मेरा टिकट दे दिया और एक नए उत्साह से अन्य यात्रियों को वे टिकट देने लगे।

प्रिय मित्र, दुसरों की कठिनाइयों को समझकर हमें व्यवहार करना चाहिए। हमारे कर्म और वचन से दूसरों को आश्वास मिला चाहिए।
यहाँ पर तुम कब आवोगो? तुम्हारी प्रतीक्षा में मित्र,

(हस्ताक्षर)
शेवड़े।

पताः
नाम

प्रश्न 27.
क्लर्क का तमाम दिन कैसे बीतता है?
उत्तर:
बैंक के रूखे आँकड़ों से माथापच्ची करते -करते क्लर्क का तमाम दिन बीतता है।

प्रश्न 28.
क्लर्क के किस गुण का सम्मान किया गया?
उत्तर:
अच्छी हस्तलिपि का।

प्रश्न 29.
क्लर्क का चेहरा प्रसन्नता से क्यों खिल उठा?
उत्तर:
लेखक के थोड़े-से शब्दों द्वारा क्लर्क के जीवन में किंचितमात्र सुख पहुँचने पर।

प्रश्न 30.
लेखक को क्यों प्रसन्नता महसूस हुई?
उत्तर:
प्रय लेखक को थोड़े-से शब्दों द्वारा बैंक के क्लर्क के जीवन में थोड़ा सुख पहूँचते देखकर लेखक को प्रसन्नता महसूस हुई।

प्रश्न 31.
बैंक का क्लर्क अपनी हस्तलिपि की तारीफ सुनने पर बहुत खुश हुआ। घर आने पर पत्नी उसकी खुशी का कारण जानना चाहती है-दोनो के बीच का संभावित वार्तालप लिखें।
उत्तर:
पत्नी : आज आप बहुत खुश है ….
क्लर्क : हाँ-हाँ….
पत्नी : कारण क्या है?
क्लर्क : एक कारण है।
पत्नी : मुझे भी बताओ….
क्लर्क : तुम जानना चाहती हो?
पत्नी : क्यों नहीं?
क्लर्क : तुम अनंत गोपाल शेवड़े को…
पत्नी : ओहो… सुप्रसिद्ध लेखक?
क्लर्क : जानती हो उन्हें?
पत्नी : सुनी तो है।
क्लर्क : आज उन्होंने मेरे बैंक में…
पत्नी : बैंक में?
क्लर्क : आये थे।
पत्नी : तो ?
क्लर्क : उन्होंने मेरी हस्तलिपि की …..
पत्नी : प्रशंसा की?
क्लर्क : हाँ…हाँ…
पत्नी : बड़ी बात है।
क्लर्क : हाँ…हाँ…

प्रश्न 32.
बैंक क्लर्क ने अपनी डायरी में क्या लिखा होगा? वह डायरी तैयार करें।
उत्तर:
तारीख
आनंद नगर :
आज का दिन बहुत अच्छा है। आज मुझे मिली प्रशंसा एक पंखुडी के समान मुझे अब भी सहलाती है। वह आदमी कितना अच्छा है! आज पहली बार बैंक के बोरिंग समय में कुछ राहत मिली। उस आदमी ने खाता खोलने के लिए आया था। मैं उनका नाम और पता लिखते समय उन्होंने मेरी हस्तलिपि पर ध्यान दिया और कहा ‘ब्यूटिफुल’! मेरा मन खुशी से भरा। सब लोगों ने मेरी हस्तलिपि देखी थी, पर किसीने भी मुझ से कुछ नहीं कहा था । अब मैं गर्व का अनुभव करने लगा। बड़ी खुशी से मैंने उनसे बातें कीं। पत्नी से भी यह बात कही। यह दिन में कभी नहीं भूलूंगा।

प्रश्न 33.
आनंद की फुलझड़ियाँ निबन्ध में लेखकने रेल विभाग के एक टिकट बाबू से करुणा प्रकट की थी। उस दिन के टिकट बाबू की डायरी तैयार करें।
उत्तर:

तारीख

आनंद शहर :
आज का दिन अच्छा दिन था। एक आदमी ने मुझे आज ठीक समझा है। यह बात मेरे मन में खुशी भरती है। यात्रियों की भीड़, उनकी परेशानियाँ, धमकियाँ आदि – आदि ने मुझे बहुत परेशानियाँ देती थीं। टिकट कौंटर में हर दिन अकेला रह गया हूँ। मेरी कठिनाइयों पर किसी ने ध्यान नहीं किया था। पर आज एक सज्जन ने मुझपर ध्यान देकर मेरी मदद की। टिकट लेने केलिए खड़े लोगों से मेरी परेशानियों के बारे में बताने की कृपा उन्होंने की। यह एक अजीब बात थी। उनकी सहानुभूति देखते वक्त मेरा हृदय मोम जैसा बन गया। वे शब्द मेरे मन में सांत्वना देने लायक थे। उस घटना के बाद मैं शांत भाव से टिकट देने में समर्थ हुआ।

वे कौन होंगे? जाते वक्त उन्होंने कहा कि फिर मिलें। ज़रूर उनसे मिलना चाहिए। ऐसे सज्जनों से परिचय पा लेना कितनी अच्छी बात है! आज का दिन मैं कभी नहीं भूलूंगा।

प्रश्न 34.
निम्नलिखित अर्थों के समानार्थी मुहावरों को लेख से छाँटकर लिखें।
(नष्ट होना, विपत्ति के दिनों के बाद सुख का दिन आना, सहन करना, हिम्मत करना, किसी के अच्छे काम की न्यायदृष्टि से प्रशंसा करना)
उत्तर:
रसातल में जाना = नष्ट होना
दिन फिरना = विपत्ति के दिनों के बाद सुख का दिन आना
ताना कसना = सहन करना
दिल कडा करना = हिम्मत करना
दाद देना = किसी के अच्छे काम की न्यायदृष्टि से प्रशंसा करना

प्रश्न 35.
सूचनाः यह गद्यांश पढ़िए और नीचे दिए प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए:

नाविक भोलाराम रेलगाड़ी के वातानुकूलित डिब्बे में बैठ रहे थे। उनके पास काफ़ी रुपये थे। एक लड़की भी उस डिब्बे में आ बैठी। उसने नाविक से बातें शुरू की। उसने अपनी गरीबी का जिक्र किया तो नाविक ने पूछा कि इतनी गरीबी में भी वातानुकूलित डिब्बे में तुम क्यों यात्रा कर रही हो? तब लड़की ने कहा कि उसकी शादी तय हो चुकी है। और अपने ससुरालवालों को प्रभावित. करने केलिए वह इस डिब्बे में यात्रा कर रही है। फिर उस लड़की ने नाविक से कुछ रुपया माँग लिया तो उसने देने से इनकार कर दिया। तब लड़की ने उसको धमकी देकर कहा कि मुझे बीस हज़ार रुपये दें दो, नहीं तो मैं तुम्हारे ऊपर झूठे इल्ज़ाम लगाउँगी। गाड़ी रुकी तो लड़की ने पुलिस से कहा कि नाविक ने अपने हाथ से मेरा मुँह बंद कर लिया और दूसरे हाथ से मुझे खींचकर मेरी इज्जत लूटने की कोशिश की है। लेकिन जाँच करने पर पुलिस को मालूम हुआ कि नाविक के दोनों हाथ कटे हुए हैं। झूठे इल्ज़ाम लगाने के अपराध में लड़की पकड़ी गयी।
(इल्ज़ाम – आरोप, इज्जत लूटना – अपमानित करना)

i) इस गद्यांश से कौन सा सन्देश मिलता है?
उत्तर:
हमें कभी भी कपट न होना चाहिए।

ii) इस गद्यांश का संक्षेपण करें और उचित शीर्षण लिखे।
उत्तर:
कपटता :
एक लड़की ने भोलाराम नामक एक बिना हाथवाला नाविक के साथ रेलगाड़ी में यात्रा करते समय धोखा देने की कोशिश की। पुलिस आकर लड़की को पकड़ा।

प्रश्न 36.
हिंदी भारत की राजभाषा एवं राष्ट्रभाषा है- ‘सीखें हिंदी, सिखाएँ हिंदी’ – इस विषय पर निबंध लिखिए।
उत्तर:

सीखें हिंदी, सिखाएँ हिंदी

भारत में अनेक भाषाएँ हैं। भाषाओं को उपभाषाएँ और प्रादेशिक भाषाएँ भी हैं। लेकिन भारत के अधिकांश लोगों से बोलनेवाली भाषा हिंदी है। इसलिए हिंदी को भारत की संपर्क भाषा के रूप में माना जाता है। हिंदी भारत की राजभाषा एवं राष्ट्रभाषा है। हिंदी एक सरल भाषा है। हमें यह जानने से खुशी होगी कि संसार में सबसे ज्यादा बोलनेवाली तीसरी भाषा हिंदी है। आज हिंदी अन्तर्देशीय भाषा के रूप में प्रचलित होती जाती है।

भारत विविधता का देश है। लेकिन हिंदी एकता की कड़ी है। भारत की संस्कृति हिंदी से जुड़ी रहती है। हिंदी समृद्ध साहित्य से भी संपन्न है।

हिंदी का प्रचार करना प्रत्येक भारतीय का दायित्व है। हिंदी के प्रचार से भारत में एकता बढ़ेगी। इससे यह .मतलब नहीं है कि अन्य प्रादेशिक भाषाएँ महत्वपूर्ण नहीं है और वे तिरस्कृत हो जायें। प्रादेशिक भाषाओं का भी संरक्षण होना चाहिए। हिंदी के प्रचार से भारत की अखंडता सदा सुरक्षित रखें।

आनंद की फूलझडियाँ Previous Years Questions & Answers

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित सहायक बिंदु के आधार पर वार्तालाप तैयार कीजिए।
संभ्रान्त महिला रेलगाड़ी से कुछ चीजें बाहर फेंकती जा रही थी। तब सहयात्री और संभ्रान्त महिला के बीच का संभावित वार्तालाप तैयार कीजिए। सहायक बिंदुः

• रेलगाड़ी से चीजें बाहर फेंकना
• सहयात्री द्वारा पूछा जाना
• निःस्वार्थ सेवा
• दुनिया में रहने लायक

उत्तर:
सहयात्री : यह आप क्या फेंक रही हैं?
महिला : मैं……?
सहयात्री : हाँ…. हाँ…….
महिला : तुम देखते नहीं?
सहयात्री : इसलिए तो पूछता हूँ।
महिला : ये तो बीज हैं।
सहयात्री : बीज?
महिला : हाँ… हाँ… फल-फूलों के बीज हैं।
सहयात्री : इनको खिड़की से क्यों फैंकती हैं?
महिला : इनमें कुछ जड़ पकड़ लेंगे।
सहयात्री : तो फिर?
महिला : तब फायदा होगा।
सहयात्री : फायदा? किस प्रकार?
महिला : फूलेंगे, फलेंगे।
सहयात्री : तब?
महिला : मनुष्य के लिए उपयोगी होंगे।
सहयात्री : अरे बापरे! आप तो महान कार्य कर रही हैं।
महिला : यह लो….आप भी फेंकिए।
सहयात्री : हाँ…… हाँ….. दीजिए।

प्रश्न 2.
मान लीजिए, आनंद की फूलझड़ियाँ इस निबंध का लेखक आत्मकथा लिखता है। आत्मकथा में टिकट बाबू के प्रसंग का उल्लेख है। निम्नलिखित सहायक बिंदु के आधार पर वह आत्मकथांश तैयार कीजिए।
सहायक बिंदुः

• लेखक का मुंबई जाना।
• टिकट काऊंटर के पास भीड़ लगना ।
• टिकट बाबू का परेशान होना ।
• लेखक द्वारा टिकट बाबू के प्रति सहानुभूति प्रकट करना।

उत्तर:
आत्मकथा  :
कुछ साल पहले की बात है। मुझे जल्द ही मुंबई पहूँचना था। मैं टिकट लेने केलिए टिकट काउंटर पहूँचा । लड़ाई के कारण गाड़ियों की संख्या कम थी। इसलिए काउंटर के पास बहुत भीड़ लगी हुई थी। टिकट बाबू परेशानी से टिकट बनाते थे। लेकिन भीड़ ज्यादा होने के कारण उसे ठीक तरह से सभी लोगों को टिकट बन नहीं पा रहे थे। लोगों की ओर से कई प्रकार के बुरे टिप्पणियाँ उन पर हो रहे थे। इसका असर उपनर और बुरी तरह से हो रहे थे। बाबू कितने ही ईमानदारी से काम करें लोग उनपर शक से बात करते थे। यह सब देखकर मुझे बहुत दुख हुआ। वह पूरी ताकत से काम कर रहे थे, फिर भी लोग उनपर गालियाँ दे रहे थे। मैं वहाँ के लोगों को समझाया कि बाबू बहुत कोशिश कर रहे हैं और उसे कुछ समय दीजिए। मैं बाबु से ऐसे बातें किया कि उसे कुछ आश्वास मिला। मेरा सहानुभूति का असर उनपर हुआ। वह फिर पूरी कोशिश की और मुझे धन्यवाद भी अदा की। मुझे पूरा यकीन था कि अच्छे वाक्यों का अच्छा असर हो जायेगा।

आनंद की फूलझडियाँ Summary in Malayalam

आनंद की फूलझडियाँ शब्दार्थ

Students can Download Chapter 3 Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation – An Appraisal Notes, Plus One Economics Notes helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Economics Notes Chapter 3 Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation – An Appraisal

Background of the economic reforms
India introduced economic reforms in 1991. It was due to several reasons. Important among them are:

• Policies such as MRTP and FEMA prevented large scale domestic and foreign investments.
• Reserving certain sectors exclusively for the public sector prevented private investment less attractive for such sectors.
• Gulf war and subsequent events created a severe foreign exchange crisis in our country.
• Import bill of petroleum products increased alarmingly leading to BoP deficit.
• Political instability.

Plus One Economics Chapter 3 Notes Liberalisation
Liberalization implies liberating trade from unwanted government controls and restrictions. Indian economy prior to the nineties was following a restrictive policy and excessive government interferences in all economic activities. This interference created the license-permit-raj as indicated earlier. This has led to extensive corruption, red-tapism, undue delay, and inefficiency. Most of the policies such as the licensing system, FERA, MRTP hindered economic growth, and industrialisation. The aim of the liberalization policy was very comprehensive, promoting economic growth by reducing factors hindering it and makes the economy very competitive at international standards.

Liberalisation policies included reforms in the following sectors.

• Industrial sector reforms
• Financial sector reforms
• Tax reforms
• Foreign exchange reforms

Plus One Economics Chapter 3 Notes Pdf Privatisation
Privatisation refers to any process that reduces the participation of the state/public sector in the economic activities of a country. In other words, the conversion of ownership or management of a government-owned enterprise into a private enterprise is known as privatization or denationalization. India started privatization as part of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP). The process of privatisation can take place either by the withdrawal of government ownership and management of public sector companies or by the outright sale of public sector companies (disinvestment).

Economics Notes Class 11 Kerala Syllabus Aims of disinvestment:

1. Better performance of public sector units (PSUs) through better management techniques
2. Enforcing financial discipline and improving financial performance
3. Enhancing the ability of companies to raise financial resources from the market
4. Raising revenue of the government from sale of equity
5. A strong impetus to the flow of FOI (Foreign Direct Investment)

Plus One Economics Notes Chapter 3 Globalisation
Globalisation is a complex phenomenon. The term globalisation indicates the opening up of domestic economy for the world market, or integration of an economy with global economy. It involves creation of network and activities transcending economic, social and geographical boundaries. It attempts to establish links in such a way that the happening in India can be influenced by events happening miles away. Integration of economies is possible through interlinking domestic market with world market through foreign trade. Therefore, it is treated as a very complex phenomenon.

Plus One Economics Notes Pdf Outsourcing
Outsourcing is an important feature of globalisation. It is practice where a company hires regular service from external sources mostly from other countries which previously provided internally or within the country.

Plus One Economics Malayalam Notes World Trade Organisation (WTO)
WTO was founded in 1995 replacing GATT. GATT was established in 1948. Following are the aims of WTO.

• Provides equal opportunities to all participating nations in international trade.
• To ensure optimum utilization of world resources and protect the environment.
• Remove of tariffs (tax) and non-tariffs (quota). This leads to the removal of restrictions on trade thereby facilitating free-entry and free exit of goods
• To encourage multi-lateral trade (more than two nations) rather than bilateral trade (two countries).
• Extension of a trade by including trade in services like banking, insurance communication.
• To include Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs), commonly known as Patent Rights and Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) within the span of international trade.

Students can Download Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Line Notes, Plus One Physics Notes helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Physics Notes Chapter 3 Motion in a Straight Line

Plus One Physics Chapter 3 Notes Pdf Summary
Motion In A Straight Line
In this chapter, we shall learn how to describe motion. For this, we develop the concepts of velocity, acceleration and relative velocity. We also develop a set of simple equations called Kinematic equations.

• Motion: Motion is change in position of an object with time.
• Rectilinear motion: The motion along a straight line is called rectilinear motion.
• Point object: If the distance travelled by the body is very large compared with its size, the size of the body may be neglected. The body under such a condition may be taken as a point object. The point object can be represented by a point.

Example:

• The length of bus may be neglected compared with the length of the road it is running.
• The size of planet is ignored compared with the size of the orbit in which it is moving.

Position, Path Length And Displacement
1. Reference point, Frame of reference:
In order to specify position of object, we take reference point and a set of axes. Consider a rectangular coordinate system consisting of three mutually perpendicular axes, labelled x, y, and z axes. The point of intersection of these three axes is called origin (O) and serves as the reference point.

The coordinates (x, y, z) of an object describe the position of the object. To measure time, we place a clock in this coordinate system. This coordinate system along with a clock is called a frame of reference.

Straight-line motion in coordinate system

To describe the motion along a straight line we can choose x-axis. The position of a carat different time are given in the figure 3.1. The position to the right of 0 is taken as positive and to the left of 0 as negative. The position coordinates of point P and Q are +360m +240m. The position coordinate of R is-120m.

2. Path Length (Distance):
The total length of the path travelled by an object is called path length.
Explanation:
Consider a car moving along straight line. The positions of car at different time are given in the x-axis. (See figure 3.1)
Case-1:
The car moves from 0 to P. In this case the distance moved by car is OP = +360.
Case-2:
The car moves from 0 to P and then moves back from P to Q.
In this case, the distance travelled is OP + PQ = +360 + (+120) = +480m.

3. Displacement:
The distance between initial point and final point is called displacement.

OR

The change of position of the particle in a particular direction is called displacement.
Explanation:
Consider a car moving along a straight line. The positions of car at different time is given in the x-axis.
See figure (3.1)
Let us take two cases
Case-1:
The car moves from 0 to P, in this case displacement = (360 – 0) = 360
Case-2:
The car moves from 0 to P and moves back from P to Q.
In this case,
Displacement = 240m
Let x₁ and x₂ be the positions of an object at time t₁ and t₂. Then displacement in time Dt = (t₂ – t₁) can be written as Dx = x₂ – x₁
If x₁ < x₂, Dx is positive and if x₂ < x₁, Dx is negative.
Note: The magnitude of displacement may or may not be equal to the path length traversed by an object.

4. Position Time Graph:
Motion of an object can be represented by a position-time graph.
Position time graph for a stationary object:
For a stationary object, the position does not change with time. Hence the position time graph will be a straight line parallel to time axis.

Position time graph in a uniform motion:
Uniform motion:
A body is said to be uniform motion, if it undergoes equal displacements in equal intervals of time. In uniform motion velocity is constant The figure below shows the positiontime graph of such a motion.

Plus One Physics Chapter 3 Notes Question 1.
The position-time of a car is given below. Analyze the graph and explain the motion of car.

Answer:
The car starts from rest a time t=0s from the origin 0 and picks up speed till t=10s. After 10 sec, the car moves with uniform speed till t=18 sec. Then the brakes are applied and the car stops at t = 20s and x = 296m.

Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Notes Question 2.
Draw the position-time for an object

1. moving with positive velocity
2. moving with negative velocity.

Answer:
1.

2.

Average Velocity And Average Speed
1. Average Velocity:
The average velocity of a particle is the ratio of the total displacement to the time interval.

Explanation:
To explain average velocity, consider a position time graph of a body given below.

Let x₁ be the position of body at a time t₁ and x₂ be the position at t₂.
The average velocity during the time interval Dt = (t₂ – t₁)

where Dx = x₂ – x₁, and Dt = t₂ – t₁,
\(\overline{\mathbf{v}}\) is the average velocity.

Motion In A Straight Line Class 11 Notes Pdf Question 3.
Find the slope of position time graph given below of uniform motion and explain the result.

Answer:

Slope of displacement time graph gives average velocity.

Class 11th Physics Chapter 3 Notes Question 4.
Displacement time graph of a car is given below.

1. Find the average velocity during the time interval 5 to 7 sec.
2. Find the average velocity by taking slope in the interval 5 to 7 sec.

Answer:
1.

2. Slope, tan q

In this case, slope and average velocity are equal in the same interval.

2. Average Speed:
Average speed of a particle is the ratio of the total distance to total time taken.

Physics Chapter 3 Class 11 Notes Question 5.
A car is moving along a straight line. Say OP in figure. It moves from 0 to P in 18s and returns from P to Q in 6s. What are the average velocity and average speed of the car in going?

1. From 0 to P? and
2. from 0 to P and back to Q. (See Figure 3.1)

Answer:
1. Average velocity

Average speed

In this case the average speed is equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.

2. In this case
Average velocity

Average speed

In this case the average speed is not equal to the magnitude of the average velocity. This happens because the motion here involves change in direction. So that the distance is greater than displacement.
Note: In general, the velocity is always less than or equal to speed.

Instantaneous Velocity And Speed
Nonuniform Motion:
A body is said to be nonuniform motion, if it undergoes unequal displacements in equal intervals of time.

OR

A body moving with varying velocity is called nonuniform motion.

1. Instantaneous Velocity:
Chapter 3 Physics Class 11 Notes Question 6.
Why the concept of instantaneous velocity is introduced?
Answer:
In nonuniform motion the average velocity tells us how fast the object has been moving over a given interval. But it does not tell us how it moves at different instants during that interval. For this we define instantaneous velocity. The velocity at an instant is called instantaneous velocity.
Explanation:
Position-time of a body moving along a straight line is given below.

Let us find average velocity in the interval 2 sec (3s to 5s), centered at t = 4 sec. In this case, the slope of line P₁P₂ give the value of average velocity, ie. Slope of P₁P₂,

Decrease the value of Dt from 2.to 1 sec. (ie. 3.5 to 4.5 sec). Then line P₁P₂ becomes Q₁Q₂. Then the slope of gives average velocity overthe interval 3.5 sec to 4.5sec.
ie. slope of Q₁Q₂

In the limit Dt ® 0, gives the instantaneous velocity at t = 4sec and its value is nearly 3.84m/s.

Motion In A Straight Line Class 11 Notes Question 7.
When average velocity of a body becomes instantaneous velocity?
Answer:
In the limit, Dt goes to zero, the average velocity becomes instantaneous velocity.

But lim \(\lim _{\Delta t \rightarrow 0} \frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}=\frac{d x}{d t}\)
\Instantaneous velocity,

Here \(\frac{d x}{d t}\) is the differential coefficient of x with respect to time. It is the rate of change of position with respect to time at an instant.

Class 11 Physics Notes Chapter 3 Question 8.
The table given below gives the value of \(\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}\) for Dt equal to 2s, 1s, 0.55, 0.1s and 0.01s centered at t = 4 sec. (See figure given above). What conclusions can be made from this table?
Answer:
The value of average velocity \(\left(\frac{\Delta x}{\Delta t}\right)\) becomes instantaneous velocity (3.8 m/s), in the limit of Dt goes to zero, (ie Dt is infinitesimally small).

Class 11 Physics Chapter 3 Notes Pdf Download Question 9.
The position of an object moving along x-axis is given by x = a + bt² where a = 8.5m, b = 2.5 m/s² and t is measured in seconds

1. What is the velocity at t = 0s and t = 2s.
2. What is the average velocity between t = 2s and t = 4s?

Answer:
1.

when t = 0
we get v = 2 × 2.5 × 0
v = 0
when t = 2sec
v = 2 × 2.5 × 2 v = 10m/s.

2. The average velocity

Note: If a body is moving with constant velocity, the average velocity is the same as instantaneous velocity at all instants.

2. Instantaneous Speed:
The speed at an instant is called instantaneous speed.
Note:

• The average speed over a finite interval of time is greater or equal to the magnitude of the average velocity.
• Instantaneous speed at an instant is equal to the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity at that instant.

Motion In Straight Line Notes Pdf Acceleration
1. Average Acceleration:
Average acceleration of a particle is ratio of the change in velocity to the time interval.

Explanation
Consider a body moving along a straight line. Let v₁ and v₂ be the instantaneous velocities at time t₁ and t₂ respectively.


where Dv = change in velocity, Dt = Time interval

2. Instantaneous Acceleration:
Acceleration at any instant is called instantaneous acceleration.
Explanation
In the limit Dt ® 0, (Dt goes to zero) the average acceleration becomes instantaneous acceleration.
ie. Instantaneous acceleration

Instantaneous acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

3. Uniform Acceleration:
A body is said to be in uniform acceleration, if velocity changes equally in equal intervals of time.

Motion In A Straight Line Class 11 Pdf Question 10.
The velocities of two bodies A and B are given in the tables. From this table, find which body is moving with uniform acceleration. Explain.
Body A

Body B

Answer:
The body A is moving with uniform acceleration be-cause the velocity of body increases at the rate of 2 m/s².
The body B is moving with constant velocity. Hence this motion is called uniform motion.

4. Velocity-Time Graph For Uniformly Accelerated Motion:

An example for velocity-time of a uniformly accelerated motion is given in the above figure.
Let v_t1 and v_t2 be the velocities at instants t₁ and t₂respectively.
The slope of graph in the interval (t₂ – t₁) can be written as,

∴ tan q = acceleration
Thus the slope of the velocity-time gives the acceleration of the particle.

Motion In A Straight Line Notes Pdf Question 11.
Velocity-time of a body is given below. From this graph draw corresponding acceleration time graph.

Answer:
The slope of velocity-time graph increases in the interval (0 – 10) sec which means that acceleration of the body increases in this interval.

Velocity is constant in the interval (10 – 18) sec. Hence ’ the slope is zero which means that acceleration is zero in this range.

The slope in the interval (18 – 20) sec is constant and negative. Hence acceleration in this is a negative value. The acceleration – time graph for the above motion is given below.

Motion In Straight Line Class 11 Notes Question 12.
The position-time graph of a car is given below.

1. Draw corresponding velocity-time graph. Explain the reason for your answer.
2. From velocity-time graph draw acceleration-time graph and identify the regions of

• positive acceleration
• Negative acceleration
• zero acceleration.

Answer:
1. In the time interval (0 – t₁) sec, the slope of x – t graph increases which means that velocity is increasing in this time interval.

In the time interval (t₁ – t₂) sec, slope is constant. Hence velocity remains constant in this time interval.

In the time interval (t₂ – t₃) sec, the slope is decreasing and finally becomes zero. Which means that velocity decreases to zero.

2. Slope is constant throughout the interval (0 – t₁) sec which means that acceleration constant.

In the interval (t₁ – t₂) sec, slope is zero. Which means that acceleration is zero in this region.

Slope is constant (but negative) in the interval (t₂ – t₃)sec. Hence acceleration is constant and negative in this time interval.

Motion In A Straight Line Class 11 Notes Pdf Download Question 13.
Find the region of

1. positive acceleration
2. zero acceleration
3. negative acceleration from the above x-t graph

Answer:

1. Region OA – Positive acceleration
2. Region AB – zero acceleration
3. Region BC – Negative acceleration

Straight Line Class 11 Notes Question 14.
Match the following.

Answer:
1) – d, 2) – c, 3) – b, 4) – a.

5. Area Under Velocity-Time Graph:
Area under velocity-time graph represents the displacement over a given time interval.
Explanation
Consider a body moving with constant velocity v. Its velocity-time graph is given below.

The area of the rectangle has height v and bast t. Therefore,

Note: The acceleration and velocity of a body cannot change values abruptly at an instant. Changes are always continuous.

Kinematic Equations For Uniformly Accelerated Motion
For uniformly accelerated motion, we can derive some simple equations.

1. Velocity-time relation
2. Position-time relation
3. Position-velocity relation

These equations are called kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion.
1. Velocity-Time Relation:

Consider a body moving along a straight line with uniform acceleration ‘a’. Let ‘u’ be initial velocity and ‘v ‘ be the final velocity at time t.
We know acceleration a = \(\frac{\text { Change in velocity }}{\text { Time interval }}\)
a = \(\frac{v-u}{t}\)
at = v – u

2. Position-Time Relation:

Consider a body moving along a straight line with uniform acceleration a. Let ‘u’ be initial velocity and ‘v’ be the final velocity. ‘S’ is the displacement travelled by the body during the time interval ‘t‘.
Displacement of the body during the time interval t,
S = average velocity × time
\(S=\left(\frac{v+u}{2}\right) t\) _____(1)
But v = u + at ____(2)
Substitute eq.(2) in eq.(1), we get

3. Position-Velocity Relation:
\(S=\left(\frac{v+u}{2}\right) t\) _____(1)
But v = u + at
\(\frac{v-u}{a}\) = t _____(2)
Substitute eq.(2) in eq.(1)

2as = v² – u²
v² – u² = 2as

Free-fall:
An object released (near the surface of earth) is accelerated towards the earth. If air resistance is neglected, the object is said to be in free fall. The acceleration due to gravity near the surface of earth is 9.8 m/s².
Note: Free-fall is a case of motion with uniform acceleration.

Question 15.
A body is allowed to fall freely. Draw the following graph.

1. Acceleration-time
2. Velocity-time
3. Position-time

Answer:
1.

2.

3.

Stopping distance of vehicles:
When brakes are applied to a moving vehicle, the distance it travels before stopping is called stopping distance.

Question 16.
Derive an expression for stopping distance of a vehicle in terms of initial velocity (u) and retardation (a).
Answer:
Let the distance travelled by the vehicle before it stops be ‘s’.
Then we can find ‘s’ using the formula
v² = u² + 2as
0 = u² + -2as

3.7 Relative Velocity
Suppose the distance between two bodies changes with time in magnitude, or in direction or in both. Then each body is said to have a velocity relative to the other.

For example, consider two cars A and B moving in the same direction with equal velocities. To a person in A, the car B would appear to be rest.

Hence the velocity of B relative to A is zero.
ie. V_BA = 0
Similarly, the velocity of A with respect to B is zero.
or V_AB = 0
Let A be moving with a velocity V_A and B be moving with a greater velocity V_B in the same direction. Then the person in A feels that the car B is moving away from him with a velocity V_BA. The velocity of B relative to A

For an observer in B, the car A is going back with a velocity. The velocity of A relative to B
V_AB = -(V_B – V_B).

Question 17.
The position-time graph of two bodies A and B (at different situations) are given in the following graphs. Find the relative velocities of the following graph.

Answer:
a) The slope of Aand B are equal. Hence velocity of A and B are equal. So velocity of A with respect to B, V_AB = 0

b) The body A and B meet at t = 3sec

Velocity of A w.r. to B, V_AB = V_A – V_B
= 20-10 = 10 m/s Velocity of B w.r. to A, V_BA = V_B – V_A
= 10 – 20 = -10 m/s

c) The body A and B meet at t = 1 sec.
The velocity of body in the interval t = 1 sec,

Velocity of A w. r. to B,
V_AB = V_A – V_B
= 20 – 10 = 30 m/s
Similarly velocity of B w.r. to A,
V_BA = V_B – V_A
= 10 – +20 = -30 m/s
The magnitude of V_BA or V_AB (=30 m/s) is greater than the magnitude of velocity A or that of B.

Students can Download Chapter 1 Sets Questions and Answers, Plus One Maths Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Maths Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 1 Sets

Plus One Maths Sets Three Mark Questions and Answers

Plus One Maths Chapter Wise Previous Questions And Answers Question 1.
There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 had been exposed to the chemical A, 50 to chemical B and 30 to both chemical A and B, Find the number of individuals exposed to

1. Chemical A but not chemical B. (1)
2. Chemical B but not.chemical C. (1)
3. Chemical A or chemical B. (1)

Answer:
1. Given; n(U) = 200; n(A) = 120;
n(B) = 50; n(A∩B) = 30
n (Chemical A but not chemical B)
= n(A ∩ B’) = n(A) – n(A ∩ B) = 120 – 30 = 90

2. n (Chemical B but not chemical A)
= n(A’ ∩ B) = n(B) – n(A ∩ B) = 50 – 30 = 20

3. n (Chemical A or chemical B)
= n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B)
= 120 + 50 – 30 = 140.

Plus One Maths Sets Previous Questions And Answers Question 2.
In a survey of 400 students in a school, 100 were listed as taking apple juice, 150 as taking orange juice and 75 were listed as taking both apple as well as orange juice. Find how many students were taking neither apple juice nor orange juice.
Answer:
Let A – Apple juice; O – Orange juice be the sets.
Given; n(U) = 400; n(A) = 100;
n(O) = 150; n(A ∩ O) = 75
n (neither apple juice nor orange juice)
= n(A’ ∩ O’) = n((A ∪ O)’)
= n(U) – n(A ∪ O)
= 400 – [n(A) + n(O) – n(A ∩ O)]
= 400 – [100 + 150 – 75] = 400 – 175 = 225.

Plus One Maths Sets Questions And Answers Pdf Download Question 3.
In a committee, 50 people speak French, 20 speak Spanish and 10 speak both Spanish and French. How many speaks at least one of these two languages?
Answer:
Let F – French; S – Spanish be the sets.
Given; n(F) = 50; n(S) = 20;w(F ∩ S) = 10
n (speaks at least one of these two languages)
= n(F ∪ S) = n(F) + n(S) – n(F ∩ S)
= 50 + 20 – 10 = 60.

Plus One Maths Textbook Questions And Answers Question 4.
In a group of 65 people, 40 like cricket, 10 like both cricket and tennis, how many like tennis only and not cricket? How many like tennis?
Answer:
Let C – Cricket; T – Tennis be the sets.
Given;
n(C’ ∪ T) = 65; n(C) = 40; n(C ∩ T) = 10
n(C ∪ T) = n(C) + n(T) – n(C ∩ T)
⇒ 65 = 40 + n(T) – 10 ⇒ n(T) = 35
n (tennis only and not cricket)
= n(T ∪ C’) = n(T) – n(T ∩ C) = 35 – 10 = 25.

Plus One Maths Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Pdf Question 5.
Let A and B be two sets such that n( A) = 20, n(A ∪ B) = 42, n(A ∩ B) = 4. Find

1. n(B) (1)
2. n(B – A) (1)
3. n(A – B) (1)

Answer:

1. n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A ∩ B)
   ⇒ 42 = 20 + n(B) – 4 ⇒ n(B) = 26
2. n(B – A) = n(B) – n(A ∩ B) = 26 – 4 = 22
3. n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A ∩ B) = 20 – 4 = 16.

Plus One Maths Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 6.
A = {x: x is a natural number less than 8}

1. Write in roster form. (1)
2. Write a subset of A containing all even numbers in A. (1)
3. Which of the following could not be the number of elements of power set of a set [2, 8, 10, 16]? (1)

Answer:

1. A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
2. {2, 4, 6} or {2, 4, 6, 7}
3. 10. (since other are powers of 2.)

Plus One Maths Sets Four Mark Questions and Answers

Plus One Maths First Chapter Questions And Answers Question 1.
Observe the Venn diagram.

1. Write in roster form. (1)
2. Verify that (A – B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = A (2)
3. Find (A ∩ B)’ (1)

Answer:

1. A = {1, 3, 4, 8} ; B = {2, 3, 5}
2. A – B = {1, 4, 8}; A ∩ B = {3}
   ⇒ (A – B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = {1, 3, 4, 8}
   Hence; (A – B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = A
3. (A ∩ B)’ = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}

Plus One Maths Sets Practice Problems Questions and Answers

Plus One Maths Chapter Wise Questions Question 1.
Write the following sets in roster form.

1. A = {x: x xis an integer and -3 < x < 7}
2. B = {x: x ∈ N; x ≤ 6}
3. C = {x : x is a vowel in English alphabet}
4. D = {x : x is a two-digit natural number such that the sum of its digits is 8}
5. E = {x: x ∈ Z; \(-\frac{1}{2}<x<\frac{9}{2}\)}

Answer:

1. A = {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
2. B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
3. C = {a, e, i, o, u}
4. D = {17, 71, 26, 62, 35, 53}
5. E = {1, 2, 3, 4}

Plus One Maths Text Book Questions And Answers Question 2.
Write the following sets in Set builder form.

1. A = {3, 6, 9, 12}
2. B = {2, 4, 8, 16, 32}
3. C = \(\left\{\frac{1}{2}, \frac{2}{3}, \frac{3}{4}, \frac{4}{5}, \frac{5}{6}, \frac{6}{7}\right\}\)
4. D = {5, 25, 125, 625}
5. E = {2, 4, 6……..} (1 score each)

Answer:

1. A = {x: x = 3n, n ∈ N, n< 4 }
2. B = {x: x = 2ⁿ; n ∈ N; n < 5 }
3. C = {x: x = \(\frac{n}{n+1}\); n ∈ N, n ≤ 6}
4. D = {x: x = 5ⁿ; n ∈ N, n ≤ 4 }
5. E = {x: x is an even number}

Plus One Maths Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Pdf Hsslive Question 3.
Write the following in interval form.

1. {x: x∈ R, -4 < x ≤ 6}
2. {x: x∈ R, 0 ≤ x < 7 }
3. {x: x∈ R, 3 ≤ x ≤ 4 } (1 score each)

Answer:

1. (-4, 6]
2. [0, 7)
3. [3, 4]

Plus One Maths Sets Questions And Answers Pdf Question 4.
Write the following in set builder form.

1. [0, 10]
2. [-2, 7)
3. (3, 4)

Answer:

1. {x: x∈ R, 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 }
2. { x: x ∈ R, -2 ≤ x < 7 }
3. {x: x ∈ R, 3 < x < 4 }

Plus One Maths Questions And Answers Question 5.
Find Set A, B and Universal set U (1 score each)

Answer:
A = {e, f, d}; B = {a, b, c, d} and U = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}

Hsslive Maths Textbook Answers Plus One Question 6.
Write all subset of the following

1. {1, 2}
2. {a, b, c}
3. Φ (1 score each)

Answer:

1. Φ, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}
2. Φ, {a}, {b}, {c} ,{a, b}, {a, c}, {b, c}, {a, b, c}
3. Φ

Plus One Mathematics Questions And Answers Question 7.
Let A = {1, 2, {3, 4}, s, d, θ} , Which of the following statements are true/false and why?

1. 3 ∈ A
2. {1, {3, 4}} ∈ A
3. {1, 2, 3} ⊂ A
4. Φ ∈ A
5. 1 ⊂ A (1 score each)

Answer:

1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False

Important Questions For Class 11 Maths Sets Question 8.
If A = {1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8}; B = {2, 5, 7, 9, 10} and C = {4 , 5, 9, 10}. Find

1. A ∪ B
2. B ∪ C
3. A ∪ C
4. A ∩ B
5. B ∩ C
6. A∪ B ∪ C
7. A ∩ B ∩ C
8. (A ∩ B) ∪ (C ∩ A) (1 score each)

Answer:

1. A ∪ B = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
2. B ∪ C = {2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10}
3. A ∪ C = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
4. A ∩ B = {2, 7}
5. B ∩ C = {5, 9, 10}
6. A ∪ B ∪ C = {1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
7. A ∩ B ∩ C = Φ
8. (A ∩ B) ∪ (C ∩ A) = {2, 7} u {4} = {2, 4, 7}

Plus One Maths Important Questions And Answers Question 9.
If A = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12}; B = {2, 7, 9, 10} and C = {5, 9, 10, 12}. Find

1. A – B
2. B – C
3. A – C
4. B – A
5. C – A
6. (A ∪ B) – C
7. A – {B ∩ C)
8. (A ∩ B) – (C ∩ A) (1 score each)

Answer:

1. A – B = {4, 6, 8, 12}
2. B – C = {2, 7}
3. A – C = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8}
4. B – A = {9, 10}
5. C – A = {5, 9, 10}
6. (A ∪ B) – C = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12} – {5, 9, 10, 12} = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8}.
7. A – (B ∩ C) = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12} – {9, 10} = {2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 12}
8. (A ∩ B) – (C ∩ A) = {2, 7} – {12} = {2, 7}

Plus One Maths Previous Questions And Answers Question 10.
If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}; A = {2, 7, 9, 10} B = {5, 9, 10, 12} and C = {1, 4, 5, 7, 11}. Find

1. A’
2. B’
3. A’ – C
4. (B – A)’
5. B’ ∩ C’
6. (A ∪ B)’
7. A’ ∩ B’ (1 score each)

Answer:

1. A’ = { 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12}
2. B’ = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11}
3. A’ – C = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12} – {2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12} = {1, 4, 5, 11}
4. (B – A)’ = {5, 12}’ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}
5. B’ ∩ C’ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11} – {2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12} = {2, 3, 6, 8}
6. (A ∪ B)’ = {2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12}’ = {1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11}
7. A’ ∩ B’ = {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12} ∩ {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11} = {1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 11}

Plus One Maths Text Book Answers Question 11.
If X and Y are two sets such that X ∪ Y has 50 elements, X has 28 elements and Y has 32 elements, how many elements does X ∩ Y have?
Answer:
Given; n(X ∪ Y) = 50; n(X) = 28; n(Y) = 32
n(X ∪ Y) = n(X) + n(Y) – n(X ∩ Y)
⇒ 50 = 28 + 32 – n(X ∩ Y)
⇒ n(X ∩ Y) = 60 – 50 = 10