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You can Download टीवी Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 2 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.
टीवी विधात्मक प्रश्न
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 2 प्रश्ना 1.
डायरी लिखें।
गोपू घर पहुंचा। वह यादों में खो गया। फिर डायरी लिखने लगा। लिखें, गोपू की डायरी।
उत्तर:
11 जुलाई 2016
पहाड़पुर
सबेरे जो किया ठीक नहीं हुआ। घर से निकलते समय लल्लू और चुन्नी को टीवी दिखाने की आशा थी। पर मनोहर चाचा का घर इतना दूर था, यह जानता नहीं था। बेचारे मेरी बातों पर विश्वास कर गए। मेरा तो एक ही निशान था- एन्टीना। लेकिन वहाँ तो हर कहीं एन्टीना थे। मैं क्या करूँ। आगे से ऐसा नहीं करूँगा। घरवालों से कहकर ही कहीं जाऊँगा। यह सब झमेला चुपके से निकलने का था।
Hss Live Guru 9th Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 2.
पटकथा के आधार पर तालिका की पूर्ति करें।
उत्तर:
9th Hindi Notes Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 3.
पटकथा की मूल कथा पन्ना 23 में है। पढ़ें। कहानी की घटनाओं को क्रम से लिखें।
उत्तर:
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Hindi Notes प्रश्ना 4.
पटकथा और कहानी की तुलना करें और टिप्पणी लिखें।
उत्तर:
पटकथा कहानी से भिन्न होती है। लेकिन पटकथा के लिए एक कहानी की ज़रूरत है। कहानी के आधार पर ही अकसर पटकथा लिखी जाती है। इसमें संवाद और संवादों के बीच होनेवाली घटनाओं व दृश्यों का विस्तृत ब्योरा होता है। कहानी को जो क्रम होता है, कभी-कभी पटकथा में उसे अलग ढंग से दर्शाया जाता है। कभी फ्लैशबैक के रूप में घटनाओं को दिखाया जाता है। कहानी के संवाद से पटकथा के संवाद भिन्न होते हैं। दृश्य का विवरण अकसर वर्तमान काल में लिखा जाता है। इसमें चाल-चलन एवं दृश्य का विवरण भी अलग ढंग से रहता है।
टीवी आशयग्रहण के प्रश्न
9th Class Hindi Notes Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
कसम खाना से क्या मतलब है?
उत्तर:
‘कसम खाना’ का मतलब है- सत्य का प्रण करना।
Hsslive Guru Hindi Class 9 Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 2.
गोपू के इलाके में टीवी नहीं आता था। इसके क्या कारण हो सकते हैं?
उत्तर:
वह इलाका भौगोलिक रूप से पिछड़ा हुआ था। ऐसे प्रदेशों में विकास देर से आता है। शायद शासक वर्ग इस इलाके को अनदेखा कर रहा होगा।
Class 9 Hindi Notes Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 3.
गोपू को टीवी का कार्यक्रम जादू-सा लगा। क्यों?
उत्तर:
गोपू पहले-पहल टीवी देख रहा है। उसकी तकनीकी बातों से वह अनजान है। इसलिए उसे टीवी का कार्यक्रम जादू-सा लगा।
Hindi 9th Standard Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 4.
चुन्नी के रुआंसी होने का क्या कारण है?
उत्तर:
टीवी देखने के लिए घर से चुपके से निकले थे। अब देर होने लगी थी। मनोहर चाचा का .घर कहीं दिखता नहीं था। वह डर गई थी।
9th Standard In Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 5.
मनोहर चाचा का घर पहचानने में गोपू को दिक्कत हुई। क्यों?
उत्तर:
मनोहर चाचा का घर पहचानने के लिए गोपू के पास एक ही निशान था- टीवी का एन्टीना। लेकिन यहाँ सभी के घरों के छतं पर एन्टीना लगा हुआ था। इसलिए उसे मनोहर चाचा का घर पहचानने में दिक्कत हुई।
टीवी शब्दार्थ
You can Download दीप जलाओ Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.
दीप जलाओ विश्लेषणात्मक प्रश्न
दीप जलाओ कविता का आशय Kerala Syllabus 9th प्रश्ना 1.
‘गृह गृह की लक्ष्मी मुसकाओ’- इससे क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर:
घर-घर में ऐश्वर्य का आगमन होना है। सुख एवं संपत्ति आने से घर के लोग मुस्कुराएँगे .. गृह-लक्ष्मी की मुस्कुराहट के लिए प्यार से काम चलाना है।
Deep Jalao Poem Summary In Hindi 9th प्रश्ना 2.
इस भुवन को हम कैसे धन्य बनाएँगे?
उत्तर:
कवि कहते हैं कि स्नेह एक अमूल्य धन है। इससे यह संसार धन्य बनाएँगे। हम स्वयं स्नेह गीत बनकर संसार में लहराना चाहिए।
Deep Jalao Poem Summary Kerala Syllabus 9th प्रश्ना 3.
यहाँ जीवन को “सुमन” क्यों बताया गया है?
उत्तर:
जीवन फूल के समान है। फूल रंगीला है और दूसरों को खुशबू प्रदान करने वाला है। जीवन भी इसीप्रकार रंगीला बनाकर, खुशबू प्रदान करते रहना चाहिए। अर्थात् जीवन रूपी फूलों की सुरभि पर प्रसन्न होते जाना है।
दीप जलाओ कविता Summary Kerala Syllabus 9th प्रश्ना 4.
“प्रतिमन वही लगन सरसाओ” – इससे क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर:
अंधकार से कभी हारना नहीं चाहिए। पराजय से कभी डरना नहीं चाहिए। बाधाओं का सामना करके ही ज़िंदगी में सफलता पा सकते हैं। स्नेह रूपी ज्वाला से हर एक का मन समपूर्ण बनाना है।
Deep Jalao Summary In Hindi Kerala Syllabus 9th प्रश्ना 1.
कविता के आशय के आधार पर सही मिलान करें
| हमें मुक्त करना है | ज्योति का |
| हमें वंदन करना है | मन के बंधनों को |
| हमें लहराना है | जीवन की नव छवि |
| हमें बरसानी है | स्नेह गीत बनकर |
उत्तर:
| हमें मुक्त करना है | मन के बंधनों को |
| हमें वंदन करना है | ज्योति का |
| हमें लहराना है | स्नेह गीत बनकर |
| हमें बरसानी है | जीवन की नव छवि |
Deep Jalao Poem Meaning In Malayalam Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 2.
ये आशयवाली पंक्तियाँ चुनकर लिखें।
मुक्त मन से आज जीत के प्रकाश का नमन करना है।
उत्तर:
आज मुक्त कर मन के बंधन
करो ज्योति का जय का वंदन
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 3 प्रश्ना 3.
हम क्या-क्या छोड़ेंगे और क्या-क्या अपनाएँगे?
उत्तर:
Hsslive Guru Hindi Class 9 Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 4.
इनमें से विश्षण शब्द अलग करके लिखें।
उत्तर:
Hsslive Guru 9th Hindi Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 5.
नमूने के अनुसार लिखें और अर्थभेद समझें।
| तुम दीप जलाओगे। | हम दीप जलाएँगे। | मैं दीप जलाऊँगा। |
| तुम सुख से झूलोगे। | ||
| तुम जय का वंदन करोगे। |
उत्तर:
| तुम दीप जलाओगे। | हम दीप जलाएँगे। | मैं दीप जलाऊँगा। |
| तुम सुख से झूलोगे। | हम सुख से झूलेंगे | मैं सुख से झूलूंगा |
| तुम जय का वंदन करोगे। | हम जय का वंदन करेंगे | मैं जय का वंदन करूँगा। |
संवाद चलाएँ:
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 2 Chapter 1 प्रश्ना 6.
‘जीवन के संघर्षों से हार मानना कायरता है’ इस विषय पर संवाद चलाएँ। कार्यक्रम की रपट तैयार करें।
उत्तर:
9th Standard Hindi Poem Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 7.
कई महान व्यक्तियों ने संघर्षों का हौसले के साथ सामना करके ज़िंदगी में सफलता पाई है। ऐसे कुछ व्यक्तियों की सूचि तैयार करें और उनके कार्यक्षेत्र भी लिखें।
उत्तर:
Hindi Poem For 9th Class Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 1.
‘मन के बंधन से मुक्त होना’ का मतलब क्या है?
उत्तर:
मानव का मन आजकल द्वेष, दंभ, अन्याय, घृणा, छल आदि से बंधित है। इन बुरे भावों के कारण वे ठीक तरह से सोच नहीं पाते हैं और अच्छा काम नहीं कर पाते हैं। इन बुरे भावों से मुक्त होकार मन में प्रकाश फैलाने को कवि बताते हैं।
जलाओ दिए कविता के प्रश्न उत्तर Kerala Syllabus 9th प्रश्ना 2.
‘जीवन की नव छवि बरसाओ’ का मतलब क्या है?
उत्तर:
कवि के कहना का मतलब है कि जीवन की सुंदरता को पहचानो और उसमें नवीनता लाने की कोशिश करो।
Hss Live Guru Hindi 9th Kerala Syllabus प्रश्ना 3.
‘दुर्बल अपनी ज्योति पसारे’ इससे आपने क्या समझा?
उत्तर:
आसमान में छोटे-छोटे तारे अपने दुर्बल प्रकाश फैलाते रहते हैं। वे अंधकार से कभी हारते नहीं।
दीप जलाओ शब्दार्थ
You can Download पुल बनी थी माँ Questions and Answers, Summary, Activity, Notes, Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 1 help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.
पुल बनी थी माँ आशयग्रहण के प्रश्न
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Hindi Solutions Unit 1 Chapter 1 प्रश्ना 1.
‘पुल बनी थी माँ’ से क्या तात्पर्य है?
उत्तर:
पुल दो किनारों को आपस में जोड़ता है। माँ परिवार के हर सदस्य को आपस में जोड़नेवाली कड़ी थी। इसलिए माँ को पुल कहा गया है।
पुल बनी थी माँ का आशय In Hindi 9th प्रश्ना 2.
‘बुढ़ा रही है माँ’ इसका आशय क्या है?
उत्तर:
प्रस्तुत पंक्ति का आशय यह है कि माँ के शरीर पर बुढ़ापे का असर दिखने लगा। वह शारीरिक और मानसिक रूप से कमज़ोर होने लगी।
Pul Bani Thi Maa Tippani 9th प्रश्ना 3.
‘माँ आख़िर माँ ही तो है’ इससे आपने क्या समझा?
उत्तर:
इसका मतलब है कि माँ का मातृत्व बच्चों की कठिनाइयों को अच्छी तरह जानता है। अर्थात् माँ अपने बच्चों के बारे में सबकुछ जानती है।
पुल बनी थी माँ अभ्यास के प्रश्न
पुल बनी थी माँ Summary 9th प्रश्ना 1.
बेटों का जीवन बेरोकटोक चलती गाड़ी के समान रहा।
उत्तर:
दौड़ती रहती थी बेधड़क
बिना किसी हरी लाल बत्ती के
हम लोगों की छुक छुक छक छक
Pul Bani Thi Maa Question Answer 9th प्रश्ना 2.
माँ की देख-भाल की ज़िम्मेदारी बेटों पर आ गई।
उत्तर:
हाथों हाथ रहती माँ
एक दिन हमारे कंधों में आ गई
Pul Bani Thi Maa Meaning In Malayalam 9th प्रश्ना 3.
बेटे अपने दायित्व बदलते रहे।
उत्तर:
जब तक जीवित रही माँ।
हम बदलते रहे अपने कंधे
Thee Meaning In Hindi 9th प्रश्ना 4.
माँ के चले जाने से बेटे बेसहारे बने।
उत्तर:
और माँ के कंधों से उतरते ही
उतर गए हमारे कंधे
पुल बनी थी माँ विधात्मक प्रश्न
Mam Meaning In Malayalam 9th प्रश्ना 1.
कविता का परिचय देते हुए टिप्पणी लिखें।
उत्तर:
पुल बनी थी माँ : बदलते पारिवारिक संबंधों की आलोचना
कविता ‘पुल बनी थी माँ’ बूढ़े-बुजुर्गों के प्रति उत्तरदायित्वों से विमुख होती जा रही नई पीढ़ी के व्यवहार को दर्शाता है। कविता में माँ के पुल होने और पुल से बोझ बनने की हालत पर चर्चा की गई है।
माँ भाइयों के बीच पुल बनी थी। पुल दो किनारों को आपस में जोड़ता है। माँ परिवार के हर सदस्य को आपस में जोड़नेवाली कड़ी रही। इस माँ रूपी पुल से बच्चों की जिंदगी रूपी रेल गाड़ी बेरोकटोक चलती रही। पिता के चल बसने के बाद भी भाइयों के बीच माँ पुल बनी रही। माँ धीरे-धीरे टूटने लगी। यानी मानसिक रूप से वह धीरे-धीरे कमज़ोर होती गई। उसके शरीर पर बुढ़ापे का असर दिखने लगा। वह शारीरिक रूप से भी
कमज़ोर होने लगी थी। एक ही बात को माँ बार-बार कहने लगी। बच्चे इस आदत को उनके बढ़ते हुए बुढापे की निशानी मानकर जीने लगे। उसकी आवाज़ कमज़ोर होती रही। वह धीरे-धीरे दुर्बल होती रही।
बच्चों के प्रति प्यार और दुलार से रहनेवाली माँ एक दिन बच्चों के आश्रय में आ गईं। धीरे-धीरे बच्चों के सशक्त कंधों में माँ बोझ बन गईं। जब तक बूढ़ी माँ जीवित रही, बच्चे माँ की देखरेख की ज़िम्मेदारी एक दूसरे के कंधों पर डालते रहे। सारी जिंदगी बच्चों के लिए जीनेवाली माँ बुढ़ापे में बच्चों के लिए भार बन गई। पर माँ का मातृत्व बच्चों की इस कठिनाई को सह नहीं पाया। वह स्वयं उनके कंधों से उतर गई मतलब उसका अंतिम प्रयाण हो गया। माँ के अभाव में बच्चे बेसहारे बन गए। कविता में प्रयुक्त शब्द, कथन और मुहावरे- वृषभ कंधा, कंधा बदलना, उतर गए कंधे आदि कविता को और सशक्त बनाया है।
पुल बनी थी माँ शब्दार्थ
Students can Download Basic Science Chapter 3 Let’s Regain Our Fields Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf, Activity in Malayalam Medium, Kerala Syllabus 8th Standard Basic Science Solutions helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.
Answer the following. Score 1 each.
A. Choose the correct option.
Sslc Social Science Chapter Wise Questions And Answers Question 1.
The British Governor General who introduced the Permanent Settlement for tax collection.
Lord Cornwallis
Lord William Bentick
Lord Dalhousie
Answer:
Lord Cornwallis
Question 2.
The land revenue system introduced by the British in North West regions.
Ryotwari System
Permanent Settlement
Mahalwari System
Answer:
Mahalwari System
Question 3.
The land revenue system introduced by the British in South Indian regions.
Permanent Settlement
Ryotwari System
Mahalwari System
Answer:
Ryotwari System
Question 4.
The land revenue system introduced by the British in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa regions.
Permanent Settlement
Mahalwari System
Ryotwari System
Answer:
Permanent Settlement
Question 5.
The tribe that inhabited the valleys of Rajmahal Hills.
Kurichiya
Santhal
Kurumbar
Answer:
Santhal
Question 6.
The year in which the Kurichiya Revolt took place
1812
1805
1821
Answer:
1812
Question 7.
The leaders of Santhal revolt.
Rama Nambi and Thalackal Chanthu
Sidu and Kanhu
Mangal Pandey and Thantia Thope
Answer:
Sidu and Kanhu
Question 8.
The Revolt of 1857 broke out first at.
Delhi
Meerut
Kanpur
Answer:
Meerut
Question 9.
The first martyr of the Revolt of 1857.
Rani Lakshmi Bai
Bahadur Shah II
Mangal Pandey
Answer:
Mangal Pandey
Question 10.
Who put forward the ‘Drain Theory’?
Bala Gangadhar Tilak
Ramesh Chandra Dutt
Dadabhai Naoroji
Answer:
Dadabhai Naoroji
Question 11.
The year in which Bengal was partitioned.
1905
1912
1910
Answer:
1905
Question 12.
The national leader who declared ‘Freedom is my birthright. I shall have it ’.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Gopal Krishna Gokhale
Bipin Chandra Pal
Answer:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
B. Answer in a sentence each.
Question 1.
What was the Ryotwari System?
Answer:
The land revenue system that the British introduced in South Indian regions was known as Ryotwari System. In this system, the land revenue was collected directly from farmers.
Question 2.
In which part of India were the Permanent Settlement introduced?
Answer:
Bengal, Bihar, Orissa
Question 3.
What is meant by commercialization of agriculture?
Answer:
During the British rule, the farmers were forced to cultivate crops according to market needs. Commercial crops were cultivated largely instead of food crops. This transformation is termed as commercialization of agriculture.
Question 4.
Who are the Santhals?
Answer:
A tribe inhabiting the valleys of Rajmahal Hills, stretching across Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar.
Question 5.
What were the means of livelihood of the tribes?
Answer:
Question 6.
Besides Santhal and Kurichiya revolts, several other tribal insurgencies broke out in different parts of India. Which were they?
Answer:
Question 7.
Whom did the rioters of the Revolt of 1857 declare as the Emperor of India after capturing Delhi?
Answer:
Bahadur Shah II
Question 8.
What is meant by Nationalism?
Answer:
Nationalism is the sense of unity among the people of a country irrespective of caste, creed, religion and region.
Question 9.
When was the Indian National Congress formed? Where was its first meeting held?
Answer:
Question 10.
Who put forward ‘Drain Theory’? In which book is it included?
Answer:
Question 11.
When was Bengal partitioned? Name the Viceroy who partitioned Bengal.
Answer:
Question 12.
Name the leaders together known as Lal-Pal- Bal.
Answer:
Sslc Social Science Chapter Wise Questions Question 13.
Why is Bengal called the ‘Nursery of Indian, National Movement’?
Answer:
Majority of earlier leaders of Indian National Movement were Bengalis.
Question 14.
When did the Kurichiya Revolt occur? Who was its leader?
Answer:
Answer the following. Score 2 each.
Question 1.
What was Mahalwari System? Write its features.
Answer:
Question 2.
Write the problems faced by farmers as a result of commercialization of agriculture.
Answer:
Question 3.
The expansion of railway was one reason for the decline of Indian textile industry. Why?
Answer:
Question 4.
Which were the modern industries that the British industrialists started in India?
Answer:
Question 5.
Why did the Indian sepoys refuse to use the enfield rifles and cartridges?
Answer:
The rumour that the cartridge in the newly supplied Enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs provoked the sepoys. It wounded the religious sentiments of the Hindu and Muslim soldiers. So the sepoys refused to use the enfield rifles and cartridges.
Question 6.
Who were the early leaders that played a main role in making the common people aware of the economic policy of the British that impoverished India?
Answer:
Question 7.
What were the peculiarities of the agitation during the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
Question 8.
Why is VO.Chidambaram Pillai called the ‘Helmsman of Tamil Nadu ’?
Answer:
Question 9.
Which were the main institutions that started in India during the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
Question 10.
Complete the sun diagram related to the centres of the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:
Question 11.
What was the main difference of Ryotwari System from Permanent Land Revenue Settlement?
Answer:
Answer the following. Score 3 each.
Question 1.
What was the land revenue system introduced by Lord Cornwallis in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa? How was it beneficial to the British and the Zamindars?
Or
Revenue systems implemented by the British broke the backbone of Indian farmers. Evaluate this statement based on Permanent land revenue settlement.
Answer:
Question 2.
Arrange the given table suitably.
Land Revenue System | Regions where implemented |
| Ryotwari system | North west regions |
| Mahalwari system | Bengal, Bihar, Orissa |
| Permanent settlement | South Indian regions |
Answer:
Land Revenue System | Regions where implemented |
| Ryotwari system | South Indian regions |
| Mahalwari system | North west regions |
| Permanent settlement | Bengal, Bihar, Orissa |
Question 3.
What is meant by commercialization of agriculture?
Or
The British rule commercialized Indian agriculture. What were the factors that helped for this?
Answer:
Question 4.
There were some common reasons for the tribal revolts of India against the British. What where they?
Or
The tribal people also became the victims of British rule. Substantiate.
Answer:
Question 5.
Arrange the following events chronologically.
i) Partition of Bengal
ii) Kurichiya Revolt
iii) First War of Indian Independence
Answer:
i) Kurichiya Revolt (1812)
ii) First War of Indian Independence (1857)
iii) Partition of Bengal (1905)
Question 6.
Which were the centres of Revolt of 1857? Name the leaders who led the revolt in these centres.
Answer:
Centres of Revolt of 1857 | Leaders |
| Jhansi | Rani Lakshmi Bai |
| Kanpur | Nana Saheb, Thantia Thope |
| Delhi | Bahadur Shah II |
| Faizabad | Maulvi Ahmadullah |
| Lucknow | Begum Hazrat Mahal |
| Bihar | Kan war Singh |
Sslc History Chapter 4 Notes Pdf Question 7.
Write a note on the formation of the Indian National Congress.
Answer:
Indian National Congress was formed in December 1885 in Bombay. Seventy two delegates from different parts of India attended its first session. W.C.Banerjee was the first President of INC. The INC led the anti-British struggle from 1885 till India attained independence in 1947.
Question 8.
Different groups of people turned against the British due to their; policies. Examine how the British policies affected Indian farmers and workers.
Answer:
Farmers were the immediate victims of the British rule. It was the land revenue system implemented by the British that destroyed the backbone of the farmers. The aim of the British tax policy was to maximize the income.
Different types of land revenue systems were introduced in various regions under the British rule. When the farmers were unable to pay the high tax in cash before the deadline, they had to take loan from moneylenders at a high rate of interest. The loans were obtained by mortgaging agricultural lands. The agricultural land of the farmers, who could not pay back the loan and interest, was seized by moneylenders.
Weavers gave up their work massively due to the exploitation and torture of the British officials. They forced the weavers to work at meagre wages and to exchange the products to them at cheaper rate. The decline of village industries like pottery, tanning and carpentry led to famine and death due to starvation.
Question 9.
What were the main reasons for the Kurichiya Revolt?
Answer:
Question 10.
Write the reasons for Mappila Rebellions.
Answer:
Question 11.
What were the major problems faced by the workers in the modern industries during the British rule?
Answer:
Question 12.
Write the features of Permanent land revenue settlement.
Answer:
Question 13.
Different land revenue systems were implemented in various regions under the British rule. Arrange them in proper order.
Land Revenue System | Regions |
| i. Permanent land revenue settlement | a. Village headman collected the tax. |
| ii. Ryotwari system | b. Zamindar collected the tax. |
| iii. Mahalwari System | c. Tax was collected directly. |
Answer:
i. – b,
ii. – c,
iii. – a
Question 14.
Examine the background of indigo revolt.
Answer:
It was necessary for the British industrialists to get indigo plantation spread to more regions in India. They gave farmers a good amount as advance for the cultivation of indigo. The farmers succumbed to this and widely planted indigo as they were in trouble with no other means to pay the heavy land tax. Each farmer who accepted the advance amount from the British was liable to plant indigo in a fixed portion of the land, especially in the most fertile part.
The land used for the cultivation of food grains was reserved for indigo plantation. Due to the interference of the British agents in the harvesting season, the farmers received only a lower price for indigo. Later when artificial colours were invented, indigo became obsolete. This made the plight of indigo farmers more miserable.
Question 15.
How did the Drain Theory of Dadabhai Naoroji reinforce the anti – British attitude in India?
Answer:
Through his studies, Dadabhai Naoroji publicized the facts on the deterioration of Indian economy under the British rule. His studies were based on empirical data. He established the fact that a huge amount of money was flowing to Britain every year. He proved that the drain of wealth was the root cause of poverty and starvation in India. This was known as ‘Drain Theory’.
Indian wealth flew to Britain by the export of Indian raw materials, salary and pension to the British officers in India, profit gained through the sale of the British products in India and tax from India. Dadabhai Naoroji could make the people aware that the economic policy of the British impoverished India. The common people realized that the poverty and exploitation they faced had been the creation of the British. It reinforced their anti- British attitude which finally led to the growth of nationalistic feeling among the people.
Question 16.
How did the decline of Indian industries cause the ruin of the agricultural sector in India during the period of the British?
Answer:
With the decline of industries? people who had been working with them migrated to villages and engaged in agriculture related works. As a result, the number of people who engaged in agriculture to earn a living, increased. It fragmented the agricultural fields and the production fell to be stagnant.
British Exploitation And Resistance Important Questions Question 17.
What were the revenue systems implemented by the British in various parts of India?
Answer:
Question 18.
Why is the peasant revolts in the British Malabar region considered as Mappila revolt? What was the reason found out by the William Logan Commission for the revolt?
Answer:
Question 19.
Evaluate how the revenue system implemented by the British adversely affected the agricultural sector.
Answer:
Question 20.
Evaluate the circumstances that forced Indian farmers to cultivate cash crops.
Answer:
Question 21.
Evaluate the circumstances that led to the deterioration of village industries like pottery, tannery and carpentry.
Answer:
Question 22.
The use of Swadeshi goods and boycott of foreign goods rejuvenated Indian industry. Substantiate.
Answer:
Question 23.
State the features of Swadeshi movement started against the partition of Bengal.
Answer:
Swadeshi Movement:
Swadeshi movement began in 1906. The boycott of foreign goods and consumption of indigenous products were the main features of Swadeshi movement. As’part of the agitation, foreign goods were collected and burnt publicly.
The extensive use of indigenous products by discarding foreign items rejuvenated Indian industry. As a result, a number of textile mills, soap factories, matchbox companies, national banks and insurance companies were established. Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period. Massive participation of women, labourers and students was another remarkable feature of this agitation.
Indian nationalism attained further strength from Swadeshi Movement. The freedom movement that was limited to only the high class in the society became a mass movement with the launching of Swadeshi movement. It contributed new strategies of agitation to national movement.
Question 24.
Explain how Indian lands became the cultivating field of Europe during the British rule.
Answer:
How Indian lands became cultivating fields for Europe:
Answer the following. Score 4 each.
Question 1.
Why did the Santhal tribe of Rajmahal Hills turn against the British? Who gave leadership to the Santhal Rebellion? How did the British face, the rebellion?
Answer:
The Santhal tribe inhabited the valleys of Rajmahal Hills. The Forest Acts imposed by the British made their life miserable. They were prohibited to enter forest when the British declared forests as protected. The British levied tax at higher rates on the forest produce collected by the tribes. The British officers made them work as slaves in laying railway lines. When their life became unbearable, they decided to take up arms against the British.
The Santhal rebellion was led by Sido and Kanhu. Thousands of Santhals were killed in the struggle. The British suppressed the rebellion.
Question 2.
Match the items related to Column A from Columns B and C.
A | B | C |
| Kurichiya Revolt | Rajmahal Hills | Lord Cornwallis |
| Permanent Settlement | Poverty and Unbritish Rule in India | Rama Nambi |
| Santhal Rebellion | Wayanad | Dadabhai Naoroii |
| Drain Theory | Bengal, Bihar, Orissa | Sido and Kanhu |
Answer:
A | B | C |
| Kurichiya Revolt | Wayanad | Rama Nambi |
| Permanent Settlement | Bengal, Bihar, Orissa | Lord Cornwallis |
| Santhal Rebellion | Rajmahal Hills | Sido and Kanhu |
| Drain Theory | Poverty and Unbritish Rule in India | Dadabhai Naoroji |
Question 3.
Discuss the role of Swadeshi Movement in the freedom struggle.
Or
Analyse the features of Swadeshi Movement.
Answer:
The boycott of foreign goods and consumption of indigenous products were the main features of Swadeshi movement. As part of the agitation, foreign goods were collected and burnt publicly. The extensive use of indigenous products by discarding foreign items rejuvenated Indian industry.
As a result, a number of textile mills, soap factories, matchbox companies, national banks and insurance companies were established. Import of British goods to India steadily went down during this period. Massive participation of women, labourers and students was another remarkable feature of this agitation.
Indian nationalism attained further strength from Swadeshi Movement. The freedom movement that was limited to only the high class in the society became a mass movement with the launching of Swadeshi movement. It contributed new strategies of agitation to national movement.
Question 4.
‘The Revolt of 1857 was not merely a Sepoy revolt, but a War of Independence Do you agree with this opinion of Suresh? Explain.
Answer:
Yes, the Revolt of 1857 was the First War of Indian Independence.
People belonging to different groups of society including Sepoys, kings, farmers, workers and handicrafts men participated in this revolt. The Sepoys were the most discontented under the British rule.
Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for their discontent. The British rule had adversely affected the kings also. Many of them lost their power due to the policies of the company. The massive participation of farmers, workers and handicraft workers was another feature of the revolt. The real strength of the rebellion was the Hindu-Muslim unity.
Historians termed the Revolt of 1857 as India’s First War of Independence. This incident was evaluated first as a national revolt by the British historian Benjamin Disraeli. The Revolt of 1857 was the first great attempt by
the Indians to liberate themselves from the British rule.
Question 5.
Complete the flow chart below.
Answer:
Question 6.
Analyse the circumstances that led the British Indian soldiers to the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:
Answer the following. Score 5/6 each.
Question 1.
The Indigo Revolt of the farmers of Bengal and the peasant revolts in Kerala were due to the exploitation of the farmers by the British and zamindars. Explain.
Answer:
Farmers were the immediate victims of the British rule. The land revenue system implemented by the British destroyed the backbone of the farmers. The aim of the British tax policy was to maximize income. The peasants were led to a revolt due to the land revenue policy of the British and the torture by the landlords.
The Indigo Revolt:
With the Industrial Revolution in the 18thcentury in England, textile industry gathered much momentum and the demand for indigo increased. It was necessary for the British industrialists to get indigo plantation spread to more regions in India. They gave farmers a good amount as advance for the cultivation of indigo.
Each farmer who accepted the advance from the British had to plant indigo in a fixed portion of his land. The farmers were also compelled to cultivate it in the most fertile part of their land. Due to the interference of the British agents during the harvesting season, the farmers received only a low price for indigo.
The indigo farmers resorted to revolt owing to severe exploitation and endless miseries. In 1859, the farmers of Bengal organized themselves and declared that they were giving up indigo cultivation. They attacked indigo factories with bows, arrows, swords and spears.
The farmers refused to take advance and cultivate indigo. They also opposed the threats of eviction and increase in lease amount. The government appointed a commission to study the problems of indigo farmers. The commission proposed to stop indigo cultivation as it was uneconomic.
Peasant Revolts in Kerala:
British Malabar witnessed many peasant struggles. The exploitation and suppression of the landlords and the British led to the revolts in Malabar. The British treated the Janmis as owners of land.
The revolt was against the eviction of tenants carried out by the Janmis with the support of the British. Farmers of South Malabar were tenants who cultivated the land obtained on lease from landlords. Most of these tenants were Mappilas. So these struggles were known as Mappita Rebellions.
Around 22 peasant revolts took place in Malabar. To suppress the revolts, the British raised a special armed police battalion named Malabar Special Police. The British government appointed the William Logan Commission to enquire about the revolts. The Commission pointed out that the cause of the struggle was the unfair land revenue system of the British.
Question 2.
Examine the role of tribal revolts in anti- British struggle based on Santhal Rebellion and Kurichiya Revolt.
Answer:
Like the peasants, the tribals were also in misery with the coming of the British. The tribals who led a free life were subjected to exploitation and torture. They were prohibited to enter forest which was their source of livelihood.
Santhal Rebellion:
Santhal Rebellion was the biggest tribal revolt that the British had to encounter in India. The Santhal tribe inhabited the valleys of Rajmahal Hills. Gathering forest produce, cattle rearing, shifting cultivation and hunting were their major means of livelihood. The Forest Acts imposed by the British made their life miserable. They were prohibited to enter forest because the British declared the forests as protected.
The British widely felled trees from forests to lay railway lines and build ships and for plantation. The British levied high tax on the forest produce collected by the tribes. Zamindars and moneylenders captured their land. The British made them work as slaves. These situations made the Santhals to fight against the British. The agitation was led by Sido and Kanhu.
Kurichiya Revolt:
Kurichiya Revolt was also a tribal insurgency against the British. It was ‘organised by the Kurichiya and the Kurumba tribes of Wayanad in 1812. The main reasons of the revolt were:
The revolt was led by the Kurichiya leader RamaNambi. The British suppressed the struggle and killed RamaNambi.
Question 3.
Evaluate the causes and results of the Revolt of 1857.
Answer:
The Revolt of 1857 was the first organized mass movement against the misrule of the British in India. The revolt was generated out of the discontent that prevailed among all sections of Indians due to the policies of the British. The rebellion was started by the Sepoys of Meerut. The following were the main causes for the revolt.
Miseries of the Sepoys :
Poor salary and abuse by the British officers were the major reasons for the Sepoy’s resentment. The rumour that the cartridge in the newly supplied Enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs provoked them. It wounded the religious sentiments of Hindus and Muslim soldiers. The soldiers who were unwilling to use the new cartridges were punished by the officers.
Dissatisfaction of Kings :
The British rule had adversely affected the kings also. In addition to the Doctrine of Lapse, the princely states were convicted of inefficient rule and were annexed by the British. Lord Dalhousie, the British Governor General annexed the princely states of Satara, Jhansi, Nagpur and Sambalpur using the policy of Doctrine of Lapse. This made them to lead the revolt.
Miseries of farmers :
The land revenue policies of the British in India namely the Permanent settlement, Ryotwari system and Mahalwari system impoverished the peasants. When the farmers were unable to pay tax in cash before the deadline, they had to take loan from moneylenders at a high rate of interest by mortgaging their land.
The moneylenders seized the agricultural land of farmers who could not pay back loan and interest. The farmers who cultivated commercial crops as a result of the commercialization of agriculture also had to suffer losses.
Poverty of the craftsmen :
The British policies completely ruined not only the agricultural sector, but also the handicrafts in India. Large scale import of machine-made British textiles was the major reason for the ruin of Indian textile industry. Weavers gave up their work massively due to the exploitation and torture of the British officers. They searched for other jobs. The village industries like pottery, tanning and carpentry also declined.
The ruins of agricultural sector and handicrafts industry led India to famine and deaths due to starvation.
Immediate cause :
In Barrackpore in Bengal, Mangal Pandey, an Indian soldier shot a British officer who forced him to use the cartridge. He was arrested an hanged to death. The revolt began at Meerut. The rioters moved to Delhi, captured it and declared Bahadur Shah II as the emperor of India. The rioters could not compete with the superior military power of the British and the rebellion was completely suppressed.
Results of the revolt :
Question 4.
Write the features of the land revenue systems that the British introduced in India. How did they differ? What were their similiarities?
Answer:
The important land revenue systems that the British implemented in India were Permanent settlement, Ryotwari system and Mahalwari system.
Permanent Settlement :
The Permanent settlement was introduced by Lord Cornwallis, the Governor General of British India to collect taxes in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. This system is also known as the Zamindari system.
The following were its features:
Ryotwari system :
This was the land revenue system that the British introduced in South Indian regions. Its features were:
Mahalwari system :
This was introduced by the British to collect tax from North West regions. Its features were:
Common similiarities
Question 5.
Arranged the columns suitably.
A | B | C |
| Mangal Pandey | Tuticorin | Mughal ruler |
| Kurichiya Revolt | Delhi | Sidu, Kanhu |
| Santhal Rebellion | Barrackpore | Tamil Helmsman |
| Bahadur Shah 11 | Wayanad | Revolt of 1857 |
| V.O.Chidambaram Pillai | Rajmahal Hills | Rama Nambi |
Answer:
A | B | C |
| Mangal Pandey | Barrackpore | Revolt of 1857 |
| Kurichiya Revolt | Wayanad | Rama Nambi |
| Santhal Rebellion | Rajmahal Hills | Sidu, Kanhu |
| Bahadur Shah II | Delhi | Mughal ruler |
| V.O.Chidambaram Pillai | Tuticorin | Tamil Helmsman |
Question 6.
Match the suitably.
A | B |
| Bal Gangadhar Tilak | Lucknow |
| Dadabhai Naoroji | Permanent Settlement |
| Begum Hazrath Mahal | Lok Manya |
| Lord Cornwallis | Faizabad |
| Maulvi Ahmadullah | Poverty and Un British Rule in India |
Answer:
A | B |
| Bal Gangadhar Tilak | Lok Manya |
| Dadabhai Naoroji | Poverty and Un British Rule in India |
| Begum Hazrath Mahal | Lucknow |
| Lord Cornwallis | Permanent Settlement |
| Maulvi Ahmadullah | Faizabad |
Question 7.
Prepare a Timeline using the years and events given.
1905 – Kurichiya Revolt
1857 – Battle of Plassey
1757 – Formation of Indian National Congress
1812 – Partition of Bengal
1885 – First War of Independence
Answer:
Question 8.
Arrange the following events chronologically.
i) Swadeshi Movement
ii) Partition of Bengal
iii) Kurichiya Revolt
iv) First War of Independence
v) Santhal Rebellion
Answer:
i) Kurichiya Revolt (1812)
ii) Santhal Rebellion (1855-56)
iii) First War of Independence (1857)
iv) Partition of Bengal (1905)
v) Swadeshi Movement (1906)
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Atmospheric phenomena like temperature, pressure, rain and wind are essential for the existence of life on the earth. Since the axis of the earth is tilted at an angle of 231/2°, solar energy received on the surface of the earth is not always uniform. Difference in temperature causes difference in pressure. This leads to change in the direction and velocity of winds. Winds that blow in different directions with different velocity considerably influence human life. The position of continents and oceans determine the nature of winds. Thus this unit discusses different atmospheric phenomena, the winds that cause due to these phenomena and the influence of these winds in human life.
→ Atmospheric pressure : The weight of atmospheric air.
→ Mercury barometer : The instrument used for the measurement of atmospheric pressure.
→ Hecto Pascal (hPa)/ millibar : The unit used for the measurement of atmospheric pressure.
→ The factors influencing atmospheric pressure : Temperature, altitude of a place, humidity.
→ Humidity: The quantity of water vapour present in the atmosphere.
→ Isobars: Imaginary lines drawn on maps joining places having the same atmospheric pressure.
→ Global pressure belts : Generally the earth experiences the same atmospheric pressure between certain latitudes. Those latitudinal zones are called global pressure belts.
→ Horse latitudes: The subtropical high pressure belt in the Atlantic ocean devoid of winds are known as horse latitudes.
→ Doldrum : The low pressure region about 5°N and 5°S of the equator characterised by feable wind is called doldrum.
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→ Wind : The horizontal movement of air from a high pressure zone to a low pressure zone is called wind.
→ The factors that influence the speed and direction of winds : Pressure gradient, Coriolis force and friction.
→ Coriolis force : Due to the force generated as a result of the rotation of the earth, any freely moving body on the earth’s surface gets deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.
→ Ferrel’s Law : The law formulated by Admiral Ferrel on the deflection of winds under the influence of Coriolis force.
→ Planetary winds: The winds developed between global pressure belts and blow in the same direction throughout the year are called planetary winds.
→ Trade winds : The steady winds that blow continuously from subtropical high pressure belts to equatorial low pressure belt.
→ Westerlies: Winds that blow continuously from subtropical high pressure belts to subpolar low pressure belts.
→ Polar winds: Winds that blow from polar high pressure belts to subpolar low pressure belts.
→ Periodic winds : Winds that repeat at regular intervals of time and can be seasonal or diurnal.
→ Monsoon winds : Winds that change the direction with change in seasons.
→ Land breeze/ sea breeze : Winds that cause as a result of the unequal heating and cooling of land and sea and the resultant pressure change. Valley breeze : Winds that blow from valleys to the mountain tops during the day.
→ Mountain breeze: Winds that blow from the mountain tops to valleys during the night.
→ Local winds : Winds formed as a result of the local differences in atmospheric pressure.
→ Variable winds: Winds with entirely different characteristics formed during certain atmospheric situations.
→ Cyclones : A low atmospheric pressure at centre surrounded by high pressure regions with strong whirlwinds blowing.
→ Anticyclones : Phenomenon where strong whirl winds blow from high pressure centre to, the surrounding low pressure areas.
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