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Kerala State Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Solutions Part 1 Chapter 4 Medieval India: Concept of Kingship and Nature of Administration
Medieval India: Concept of Kingship and Nature of Administration Textual Questions and Answers
Medieval India Concept Of Kingship And Nature Of Administration 9th Question 1.
Discuss the characteristics of the sultanate administration based on the indicators given below.
1. Central administration
2. Local administration
3.Law of succession
4. Military administration
Answer:
Central administration:
The Sultanas implemented centralized rule in the administrative system. Let’s examine its important features.
- The influence of Turkish tradition
- The Sultan was the head of administration, military, and judiciary.
- There were different ministers and officers to assist the king in administration.
- An exact law of succession was absent.
- The leadership of the Caliphate of Baghdad was accepted.
- A strong army was maintained to defend the country from the threat of invasions and for the expansion of the empire.
- The vast country was divided into different regions for the convenience of administration.
- Regional laws prevailed at the village level.
Local Administration:
- For the convenience of administration, the empire was divided into provisions, shiqs, Parganas, and villages.
- Separate officers were appointed for each division. Their authority was not hereditary. The maintenance law and order, judicial administration, collection of taxes and organization of the army were the chief duties of these officers.
- They were under the direct control of the Sultan. But the Sultan did not directly intervene in the administration of the villages.
Low of succession:
- Sultan’s authority was not hereditary.
- The position of local officers was also not hereditary.
Military administration:
- Sultan was the head of the military force. The country was divided into different parts and these were entrusted with the nobles who were also the military commanders. These divisions were known as ‘Iqtas’ and their holders were known in different names as Iqtadar, Muqti, and Wali.
- The revenue collection and judicial administration of these divisions were the main duties of these Iqtadars.
- They were also duty-bound to maintain an army of their own.
Medieval India Concept Of Kingship And Nature Of Administration Notes 9th Question 2.
Examine the role of the market reforms in strengthening the military power during the Sultanate period.
Answer:
The Sultanate rule of Delhi was based on the strength of the army. The Sultans always paid attention to maintain a well-equipped army. Market regulation of Alauddin Khalji was a reform implemented with the intention of maintaining a large army with less expenditure. It was necessary to control the prices of essential commodities to reduce the military expenditure. As part of this, the government fixed the prices of essential commodities.
Hence the merchants were forced to sell their products at the fixed price. Black marketers and hoarders were strictly punished. The weights and measures were unified. The government established granaries to store the grains bought from the peasants. The corns were distributed during the time of famines at a moderate price. As a result, the soldiers were able to purchase commodities at a moderate price. Hence there was no need to pay them high salaries. Through these acts, the Sultan curtailed the military expenditure and the amount thus saved was utilized to enhance the strength of the army.
Medieval India Concept Of Kingship And Nature Of Administration Pdf 9th Question 3.
Prepare a note by discussing the common features of the Sultanate and the Mughal administrations.
Answer:
The features of the Mughal administration are pointed out below:
- Divine Right of Kingship
- The influence of Turkish and Mongal traditions.
- Powers centralized in the king. Based on military power
- Assistance of ministers and officials in the administration
- Existence of local administration.
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard History Notes Question 4.
Akbar became successful as a ruler, acceptable to all through his administrative measures. Substantiate.
Answer:
The Mughal administration attained strength during the time of Akbar. As a ruler, his aim was to win the support of all sections of people. The policies adopted by Akbar for the same are given below:
- Adopted the title of Badsha-i-Hind (the Emperor of India)
- To maintain religious harmony he formulated a new faith Earned Din-i-llahi by inculcating the ideas of all religions.
- The Rajputs such as Raja Todarma, Birbal, Mansingh, etc. were appointed as high officials.
- Akbar and his relatives married Rajput ladies.
- The army was strengthened by including different sections.
9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf Question 5.
To what extent Din-i-llahi formulated by Akbar was helpful in maintaining administrative stability and religious harmony? Analyze Up
Answer:
Akbarwanted to maintain peace, friendship and unity among different sections of people in his country. In order to have intellectual discourses, Akbar constructed the Ibadat Khana at his capital, Fatehpur Sikri. By inculcating the essence of all these discussions, he formulated the ideology of Din-i-llhai. It was a combination of ideas
and principles of different religions. He never compelled anyone to accept it. It did not have any rites, religious texts, places of worship or priests, except the joining function. Sulh-Kul or ‘Peace to alkl’ was its basic tenet.
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Guide Question 6.
Mansabdari System was introduced to strengthen the authority of the emperor. Substantiate.
Answer:
The base of Mughal administration was a strong military system. Instead of the military strength, the emperors needed the support of the nobles and officials for the maintenance and expansion of the empire. For this, Akbar adopted the Manasbdari system. The term ‘Mansab’ denotes the rank or position of Mughal military officer. Those who held this position were called Mansabdars.
The position of the officers, their salary and military responsibilities were categorically determined through the Mansabdari system. The rank of a Mansabdar was determined by the number of horses and cavalrymen he maintained. There were more than 30 ranks in the army of Akbar, ranging from mansabdars of 10 horses to 10,000 horses. Each Mansab had 2 sub-divisions called the ‘Zat’ and the ‘Sawar’ ‘Zat’ fixes the rank and salary of a person in the army while ‘Sawar’ refers to the number of horses a Mansabdar had to maintain
Hss Live Guru 9th Social Science Question 7.
What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the Iqta system of the Sultanate period and the Jagiradari system of the Mughar period?
Answer:
Jagirdari system was introduced by Mughal emperors to make the administration more effective. It was a higher form of the Iqta system of the Sultanate period. The following table explains the similarities and dissimilarities between the two systems.
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 8.
Prepare a note comparing the village autonomy of the Cholas with that of the local self-government of present Kerala.
Answer:
For the sake of administration, the Chola kings divided the country into Mandalams, Valanadus, Nadus, and Kottams. A group of autonomous villages formed a Kottam. All the responsibilities and authorities relating to the administration of the villages were vested with the people of the villages. Two councils known as the Ur and the Sabha functioned for the purpose of village administration.
The people of the whole village was included in the Ur, whereas the Sabha was only a Council of the Brahmins. This system of administration has some similarities with the local self-government system of present Kerala. The center of authority in our system is Grama Sabha.
9th Standard Social Science Notes Question 9.
Prepare a note after comparing the portfolio of the Ashtapradhan council with that of the present-day ministers.
Answer:
The Maratha Administration:
You might be familiar the Maratha kingdom which ruled India in the 17th century. Like all other medieval Indian rulers, the Maraths king was also the supreme authority with powers over the legislature, executive, judiciary and military. Observe the diagram which shows the functions of the minister in the council called Ashtapradhan.
If we observe the portfolio of the Ashtaparadhan Coun¬cil, we can understand that the present-day ministry also has all such portfolios.
9th Class Social Science Notes Question 10.
How did Maratha administration differ from the medieval administrative system? Discuss.
Answer:
The Maratha kingdom was divided into many parts for the convenience of administration. These divisions were provinces, districts (paranthas), Parganas and villages. The officers were directly appointed by the king. The country was further divided into two: ‘Swarajya’ and ‘Mogalai’. The Swarajya was the territories of the Marathas whereas the Mogalai was the regions annexed to the kingdom.
In addition to the land tax collected from the Maratha country (Swarajya) two kinds of taxes, Chauth and Sardeshmukhi, were collected form the annexed regions. During the medieval period, many fundamental changes occurred in the administrative system of The administrative system implemented by the medieval rulers influenced the later administrative systems considerably.
Social Notes For Class 9 State Syllabus Question 11.
Conduct a seminar on the various administrative systems that prevailed in medieval India.
Answer:
The features of various administrative systems that prevailed in medieval India are summarized as follows.
Let Us Assess
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Social Science Notes English Medium Question 12.
What were the circumstances that prompted the Sultans of Delhi to establish a centralized system of administration in India?
Answer:
The influence of Turkish tradition, the desire for expanding kingdom, need for maintaining military force were the circumstances that prompted the sultans of Delhi to establish a centralized system of administration in India.
9th Standard Social Science Notes Pdf In English Question 13.
Evaluate the characteristics of the Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar.
Answer:
The base of Mughal administration was a strong military system. Instead of the military strength, the emperors needed the support of the nobles and officials for the maintenance and expansion of the empire. For this, Akbar adopted the Manasbdari system. The term ‘Mansab’ denotes the rank or position of Mughal military officer. Those who held this position wre called Mansabdars.
The position of the officers, their salary and military responsibilities were categorically determined through the Mansabdari system. The rank of a Mansabdar was determined by the number of horses and cavalrymen he maintained. There were more than 30 ranks in the army of Akbar, ranging from mansabdars of 10 horses to 10,000 horses. Each Mansab had 2 sub-divisions called the ‘Zat’ and the ‘Sawar’ ‘Zat’ fixes the rank and salary of a person in the army while ‘Sawar’ refers to the number of horses a Mansabdar had to maintain.
9th Class History Notes Kerala Syllabus Question 14.
Match column ‘B’ with ‘A’ and arrange the table properly.
| A | B |
| Mansabdari system | Chola administration |
| Iqta System | Shivaji |
| Village autonomy | Krishna Deva Raya |
| Ashtapradhan | Sultanate rule |
| Amuktamalyada | Akar |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Mansabdari system | Akar |
| Iqta System | Sultanate rule |
| Village autonomy | Chola administration |
| Ashtapradhan | Shivaji |
| Amuktamalyada | Krishna Deva Raya |
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard Geography Question 15.
Prepare a note on the Naynkara and the Ayyagar systems introduced during the Vijayanagara period.
Answer:
The central administration of the Vijayanagara empire was called Nayankara system and the local administration was called the Ayyagar system. The features of both these systems are discussed below.
i) The Navankara system:
The king was the head of the central administration of the Vijayanagara Empire. There were ministers and royal officers to assist the king in administration. There was only a small army under the direct control of the king. The provincial governors maintained fixed number of soldiers of their own. They provided the service of the army to the king whenever necessary. As they were also military heads, the king awarded them with the title of ‘Nayak’ along with a specific area of land. This system that prevailed at the center was known as the Nayankara system.
ii) The Avvaaar System:
For the convenience of administration, the empire was divided into provinces, nadus, and villages. Village was the basic unit. The village assemblies functioned in the same way as it did during the period of the Cholas. The day-to-day administration of the village was done by the officers known as ‘Ayyagars’ who inherited the post. This administrative system was known as Ayyangar System. The position of Ayyagars in the village administration was equal to that of the Nayaks in the central administration.
History Notes Class 9 Kerala Syllabus Question 16.
Prepare a short not on the Ashtapradhan Council of the Maratha period.
Answer:
Maratha kingdom ruled in India in the 17th century. Maratha king was the supreme authority with powers over the legislature, executive, judiciary and military. Maratha’s ruler, Shivaji was assisted by the Ashtapradhan in his administration. Ashtapradhan was the council of ministers. Let us see the functions of ministers in the Ashtapradhan.
- Peshwa – Prime Minister
- Nyayadhyaksh – Chief Judicial officer
- Amatya – Finance officer
- Sachiv – Royal correspondence
- Mantrin – Private secretary of the king
- Pandila Rao – Religious and charitable activities
- Sumant – Foreign affairs
- Senapathy – Military
Medieval India: Concept of Kingship and Nature of Administration Model Questions and Answers
Kerala Syllabus 9th Std Social Science Notes Question 17.
Arrange the following in chronological order
1. Sayyid dynasty
2. Thuglaq dynasty
3. Lodi dynasty
4. Mamluk dynasty
5. Khalji dynasty
Answer:
1. Mamluk dynasty
2. Khalji dynasty
3. Thuglaq dynasty
4. Sayyid dynasty
5. Lodi dynasty
Kerala Syllabus 9th Standard History Question 18.
…………. was the capital of Sultanate.
Answer:
Delhi
9th Class Social Studies Notes State Syllabus Question 19.
Point out the important features of centralized rule implemented by the Sultans.
Answer:
The Sultanas implemented centralized rule in the administrative system. Let’s examine its important features.
- The influence of Turkish tradition
- The Sultan was the head of administration, military, and judiciary.
- There were different ministers and officers to assist the king in administration.
- An exact law of succession was absent.
- The leadership of the Caliphate of Baghdad was accepted.
- A strong army was maintained to defend the country from the threat of invasions and for the expansion of the empire.
- The vast country was divided into different regions for the convenience of administration.
- Regional laws prevailed at the village level.
Question 20.
What does the word ‘Sultanate’ refer to?
Answer:
The word Sultanate refers to the authority and suzerainty of one person over the others.
Question 21.
Complete the following:
1. Wazir – Revenue
2. Mamlik –
3. Chief sadr –
4. Divan-i-lasha –
Answer:
1. Wazir – Revenue
2. Mamlik – Military
3. Chief sadr – Judiciary
4. Divan-i-lasha – Royal correspondence
Question 22.
Construct a table showing local administrative divisions and their corresponding officers of the sultanate period.
Answer:
| Divisions | Officers |
| Provice | MuqtA/Vali |
| Shiq | Shiqdar |
| Pargana | Amil |
| Village | Muqaddam |
Question 23.
What were the duties of officers under Sultanate local administration?
Answer:
- Maintenance of law and order
- Judicial administration
- Collection of taxes
- Organisation of the army
Question 24.
Identify the main duties of Iqtadars
Answer:
- Revenue collection
- Judicial administration
Question 25.
Name the dynasties ruled the Vijayanagara empire.
Answer:
- Sangama
- Saluva
- Tuluva
- Aravidu
Question 26.
Mughal emperors of India were the successors ………. rulers
Answer:
Mongolian
Question 27.
Name the greatest ruler of the Mughal dynasty.
Answer:
Akbar
Question 28.
Prepare a note on the Mongal tradition.
Answer:
The foundation of Mongol tradition is in the concept that the king was selected for implementation the interests of the God. The Mongolian ruler Genghis Khan declared that he got the destiny of God through a revelation and hence he is following that path. The view that the king is the representative of God helped maintain the unquestioned authority of the king.
Question 29.
‘Akbarnama’was written by
Answer;
Abul Fazil
Question 30.
Who established the Mughal empire?
Answer;
Baburin 1526CE.
Question 31.
Observe the India map in page 58 of the textbook and identify the Subas of Akbar.
Answer:
- Kabul
- Lahore
- Multan
- Delhi
- Agra
- Ayodhya
- Allahabad
- Ajmir
- Gujarat
- Malwa
- Bihar
- Bengal
- Khanudesh
- Berar
- Ahammadnagar
- Orissa
- Kashmir
- Sindh
Question 32.
How was the rank of a Mansabdari determined?
Answer:
The rank of a Mansabdari was determined by the number of horses and cavalrymen he maintained.
Question 33.
Narrate the Naval supremacy of Chola kings
Answer:
The Chola kings organized a very strong army. They had the greatest naval power of that period. The Cholas extended their empire up to Malaysia, Indonesia, Ceylon, etc. The Bay of Bengal was known as the lake of the Cholas. All these achievements rural the naval supremacy of the Chola kings.
Question 34.
What has regulated the Chola administration?
Answer:
The Chola administration was regulated through Royal decrees.
Question 35.
Match the following.
| A | B |
| Chola administration | Jagirdary stystem |
| Mughal administration | Olainayakam |
| Sultanate administration | Swarjaya |
| Maratha administration | Market reforms |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Chola administration | Olainayakam |
| Mughal administration | Jagirdary stystem |
| Sultanate administration | Market reforms |
| Maratha administration | Swarjaya |
Question 36.
What as the most important feature of the Chola administration?
Answer:
Village autonomy
Question 37.
Identify the powers vested with the Sabha.
1. Receive land for the temples.
2. ……………
3. ……………
Answer:
- Receive land for the temples
- Collect tax by surveying land
- Undertake public works for the welfare of the people
- Keep accounts and records
- Conduct judicial administration of the village.
Question 38.
Complete the following
Answer:
- Nayankara system
- Ayyagas system
Question 39.
Match the following
| A | B |
| Peshwa | Finance officer |
| Amatya | Foreign Affairs |
| Sumant | Royal correspondence |
| Sachiev | Prime Minister |
Answer:
| A | B |
| Peshwa | Prime Minister |
| Amatya | Finance officer |
| Sumant | Foreign Affairs |
| Sachiev | Royal correspondence |