Plus One Zoology Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 4 Biomolecules

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Kerala Plus One Zoology Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 4 Biomolecules

Plus One Biomolecules One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Many elements are found in living organisms either free or in the form of compounds. One of the following is not, found in living organisms.
(a) Silicon
(b) Magnesium
(c) Iron
(d) Sodium
Answer:
(a) Silicon

Question 2.
Aminoacids, as the name suggests, have both an amino group and a carboxyl group in their structure. In addition, all naturally occurring amino acids (those which are found in proteins) are called L-aminoacids. From this, can you guess from which compound can the simplest amino acid be made?
(a) Formic acid
(b) Methane
(c) Phenol
(d) Glycine
Answer:
(b) Methane

Question 3.
When we homogenise any tissue in an acid the acid soluble pool represents
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Cell membrane
(c) Nucleus
(d) Mitochondria
Answer:
(a) Cytoplasm

Question 4.
Many organic substances are negatively charged e.g., acetic acid, while others are positively charged e.g., ammonium ion. An amino acid under certain conditions would have both positive and negative charges simultaneously in the same molecule. Such a form of amino acid is called
(a) Positively charged form
(b) Negatively charged form
(c) Neutral form
(d) Zwitter ionic form
Answer:
(d) Zwitter ionic form

Question 5.
Sugars are technically balled carbohydrates, referring to the fact that their formulae are only multiple of C(H₂O). Hexoses, therefore, have six carbons, twelve hydrogens and six oxygen atoms. Glucose is a hexose.
Choose from among the following another hexose.
(a) Fructose
(b) Erythrose
(c) Ribulose
(d) Ribose
Answer:
(a) Fructose

Question 6.
Fill the gap:
Inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by Malonate is an example for _____________
Answer:
Competitive Inhibition

Question 7.
Name the phospholipid found in cell membrane.
Answer:
Lecithin

Question 8.
The metabolic pathway from glucose to lactic acid which occurs in 10 metabolic steps is called ________________
Answer:
Glycolysis

Question 9.
Energy currency in living systems is _______________
Answer:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 10.
Find the off one out.
Rubber, Amino Acids, Drugs, Pigments
Answer:
Amino acids: Amino acids are primary metabolites. All others are secondary metabolites.

Question 11.
Arrange the following Carbo-hydrates in the order of increasing complexity of chemical structure.
Glucose, Oligosaccharides, Lactose, Starch.
Answer:
Glucose → Lactose → Oligosaccharides → Starch

Question 12.
One full turn of the DNA double helix would involve.
(a) 8 steps
(b) 10 steps
(c) 20 steps
(d) 12 steps
Answer:
(b) 10 steps

Question 13.
Match the column A with B and C.

Answer:

• Glucose – Glycoside – Carbohydrate
• Aminoacids – Peptide – Protein
• Nucleotide – Phosphor diester – Nucleic acid

Question 14.
A short length of DNA double helix contains 60 Adenine nucleotides and 40 cytosine nucleotides. What will be the total number of nucleotides in it? (60, 120, 80, 200)
Answer:
200

Question 15.
Add suitable word in the gap.

1. A protein molecule is a polymers of _____________
2. Nucleic acids are polymers of _____________
3. DNA has _________ instead of uracil.
4. Single stranded structure is found in ___________

Answer:

1. Aminoacids
2. Nucleotides
3. Thymine
4. RNA

Question 16.

The structure of amino acids in solutions of different PH are given above. Identify the structure ‘B’.
Answer:
Zwitterionic form

Question 17.

Name the enzyme catalyse this reaction.
Answer:
Carbonic anhydrase

Plus One Biomolecules Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Observe the table and fill the blanks from the brackets.
(Collagen, Cholesterol, chitin, Lecithin)

Answer:

Question 2.
Building blocks of proteins are amino acids and that of polysaccharides are monosaccharides. Many polysaccharides are called homopolymers but all proteins are known as heteropolymers.

1. Do you agree with the above statement? Give reason.
2. Give one example for a homopolymer.

Answer:

1. Yes. Many polysaccharides are made up of only one type of monosaccharide. They are known as homopolymers. But all protein contain different type of amino acids. So they all are heteropolymers.
2. Cellulose. Cellulose is made up of only one type of monosaccharide ie. glucose.

Question 3.
Classify the following as polypeptide and polysaccharide.
(Insulin, Glycogen, Chitin, Paper)
Answer:

Polypeptide	Polysaccharide
Insulin	Glycogen
	Chitin
	Paper

Question 4.

1. Observe the graph and comment.
2. List out the factors which influence enzyme activity.

Answer:

1. Each enzyme shows its highest activity at a particular temperature called the optimum temperature. Activity declines both below and above the optimum value.
2. Temperature, pH, change in substrate concentration, binding of specific chemicals that regulate enzyme activity.

Question 5.
Write the general names of the following.

1. Enzymes catalyzing the linking together of two compounds.
2. Enzymes that catalyze removed of groups from substrates by mechanism other than hydrolysis leaving double bonds.

Answer:

1. Ligases
2. Lyases

Question 6.
Find out the differences between DNA and RNA and fill the table given below.

DNA	RNA
?	Ribonucleotides
Deoxyribosugar	?
?	Single stranded
ACTS Present	?

Answer:

DNA	RNA
Deoxyribonucleotides	Ribonucleotides
Deoxyribosugar	Ribose sugar
Double stranded	Single stranded
ACTG Present	ACUG Present

Question 7.

Two polymers are given. In this chain how are monomers linked ?
Answer:
a. Glycosidicbond
b. Peptide bond

Question 8.
The following graph shows the relationship between subtrate concentration and rate of enzymatic reaction.

1. What is the effect of subtrate concentration on rate of reaction ?
2. Identify ‘A’.

Answer:
1. With the increase in substrate concentration, the velocity of the enzymatic reaction rise at first. The reaction ultimately reaches a maximum velocity V(max) which is not exceeded by any further rise in concentration of the substrate.

This is because the enzyme molecules are fewer than the substrate molecule and after saturation of these molecules, there are no free enzyme molecules to bind with the additional substrate molecule.

2. V_(max)

Question 9.
Identify the class of enzyme which catalyse the following reaction.

1. S reduced + S’ oxidised ? S oxidised + S’ reduced
2. S – G + S’→ S + S’ – G
   X Y
   I I
3. C – C → X-Y+C
4. C-O, C-S, C-N bonds

Answer:

1. Oxidoreductase
2. Transferase
3. Lyases
4. Ligases

Question 10.
A portion of DNA double helix is given below. Copy the diagram and make correction if any.

Answer:

Question 11.
Adenine, Guanine, thymine, Cytosine, Uracil, are the nitrogen bases present in the living organisms. Write their nucleosides and nucleotides.
Answer:

Question 12.

1. Prepare a graph showing the action of temperature on enzyme activity.
2. What is optimum temperature.

Answer:
1.

2. Each enzyme shows its highest activity at a particular temperature called optimum temperature.

Question 13.

1. Identify the given graph
2. If we add more substrate after reaching Vmax, What will be the effect in the reaction rate?

Answer:

1. Effect of change in concentration of substrate on enzyme activity.
2. There is no further increase in the velocity of reaction because there are no free enzyme molecules to bind with the additional substrate molecule.

Question 14.

The table shows the percentage composition of different elements of a living matter and a non-living matter represented as X and Y. Identify X and Y.
Answer:

1. X – Non living matter (Earth’s crust)
2. Y – Living matter (human body)

Question 15.
Fatty acids could be saturated or unsaturated. Give an account on it.
Answer:
1. Fatty acids are saturated if they do not have any double bond between the carbons of the molecular chain.
eg: Palmitic acid.

2. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bond between carbon of the molecular chain,
eg: linoleic acid.

Question 16.

Identify the structure.
Answer:
Cholesterol

Question 17.
General Formula of amino acid is given below.

(a) Prepare the amino acids – Glycine and Serine using this formula.
(b) State the influence of pH in the nature of amino acid.
Answer:

(b) Amino acids are of basic amino acids, acidic amino acids, Neutral amino acids and aromatic amino acids. Hence in solutions of different pH, the structure of amino acids changes.

Question 18.
Chemical structure of an Amino acid is given.

(a) Prepare its Zwitter ionic form.
(b) What happens to the Zwitter ion if it is placed in acidic medium?
Answer:

(b) In acidic medium it gains H and become positive charged

Question 19.
Write the missing word.

1. Amino acid: Protein, Nucleotide: __________
2. Glucose: Monosaccharide, Starch: __________
3. Adenine: Thymine, Guanine: ________
4. Animals: Glycogen, Plants: _________

Answer:

1. Nucleic acid
2. Polysaccharide
3. Cytosine
4. Starch

Question 20.
(a) Identify the structure of protein A and B.

(b) Write an example for a protein with a quaternary structure.
Answer:
(a) A) Secondary structure
B) Tertiary structure

(b) Hemoglobin

Question 21.
Proteins carry out many functions in living organisms. List them.
Answer:

1. Some protein functions as enzymes.
2. Some protein functions as Hormones.
3. Some protein fight infectious organisms.
4. Some protein transport nutrients across the cell membrane.

Question 22.
Give an example forthe following.

1. Phospholipids
2. Saturated fatty acid
3. Nucleoside
4. Nucleotide

Answer:

1. Lecithin
2. Palmitic acid
3. Adenosine
4. Adenylic acid

Question 23.
B-DNA is the most common DNA. Write the salient features of this DNA.
Answer:
The length of one full turn of a B-DNA molecule is 34A⁰. The distance between two adjacent nucleotides in a chain is 3.4A⁰. Thus there are 10 pairs of nucleotides in one full turn of DNA molecule.

Question 24.
Identify the structure.

Answer:
(a) Adenine
(b) Adenosine

Question 25.
The given structure showing the molecule give ready energy for biological activities. Identify the structure.

Answer:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 26.
Schematic diagram of DNA is given. Copy the structure and correct it, if there is any mistake.

Answer:

Question 27.
Classify the given terms into two columns and give appropriate heading.
rubber, Glucose, amino acids, drugs, gums, spices, cholesterol, Fatty acids.
Answer:

Primary Metabolism	Secondary Metabolism
Glucose	Rubber
Amino acids	Drugs
Cholesterol	Gums
Fatty acids	Spices

Question 28.
Progress of a chemical reaction and potential energy changes associated with it is plotted as curve.

1. What happens to the activation energy of the substrate, when enzyme is added to the reaction system?
2. Redraw the above graph and also plot another curve showing the progress of the reaction and associated potential energy change, when enzyme is added to the system.

Answer:
1. Activation energy decreases

2.

Question 29.
Observe the given graph a and

1. State how temperature and pH influences enzyme activity.
2. Does the substrate concentration influence enzyme activity. If so, how?

Answer:
1. Each enzyme shows its highest activity at a particular temperature. This is called optimum temperature. Low temperature or high temperature reduces the enzyme activity. Same as, there is an optimum pH for enzyme activity. Deviation from this pH reduces the enzyme activity.

2. With the increase in substrate concentration, the velocity of the enzymatic reaction increase at first, as the substrate concentration continues to increase, the increase in the rate of reaction begins to slow down and finally no further rise in velocity occurs. This is because there is no free enzyme molecule to bind additional substrate molecule.

Question 30.

The graph shows the relation between potential energy and progress of reaction. Observe the graph and answer the questions.

1. Is this reaction”exothermic or endothermic? Give reason.
2. What happen to the amount of enzyme at completion of reaction?

Answer:

1. Exothermic. The energy level of substrate is higher than that of product.
2. No change to enzyme

Question 31.
Observe the diagram.

1. Name the process showing here.
2. How is this process would be useful?

Answer:

1. Competitive inhibition
2. Competitive inhibitor are often used in the control of bacterial pathogen.

Question 32.
Fill in the blank columns with the correct terms/ sentences.

A	B
………. (1)…………..	Catalyse oxido – reduction between two substrates.
Transferase	……. (1)………..
………. (2)………..	Catalyse hydrolysis of ester, glycosidic bond
Lyases	………. (2)……………
………. (3)…………..	Catalyse inter conversion of optical isomers
Ligase	………. (3)…………………..

Answer:

A	B
Oxidoreductase	Catalyse oxido – reduction between two substrates.
Transferase	Catalyse group transfer between substrates.
Hydrolase	Catalyse hydrolysis of ester, glycosidic bond
Lyases	Removal of group from a substrate by clearing double bonds.
Isomerase	Catalyse inter conversion of optical isomers
Ligase	Catalyse linking together of two compounds.

Plus One Biomolecules Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Structure of a nucleotide pair in DNA is showing below.

Identify the bonds A, B and C.
Answer:

• A – Hydrogen bond
• B – Glycosidic bond
• C – Ester bond

Question 2.
Give examples.

1. Prosthetic group
2. Co-enzyme
3. Metal ion required for enzyme activity.

Answer:

1. Haem is the prosthetic group of enzyme peroxidase.
2. NADP and NAD contain the Vitamin Niacin.
3. Zinc present in carboxy peptidase.

Question 3.
Give one word.

1. The nucleic acids that behave like enzymes
2. The organic compound tightly bound to the apo enzyme.
3. The non protein organic compound that are not tightly bound to the apoenzyme.
4. The protein portion of the enzyme.

Answer:

1. Ribosome
2. Prosthetic group
3. Co-enzyme
4. Apoenzyme

Question 4.

Identify the molecules A and B and name the bond marked C.
Answer:

• A – Glucose
• B – Maltose
• C- Glycosidicbond

Question 5.
Observe the structure.

1. Identify the bond formed between amino acids.
2. How many types of amino acids are present in animal body?
3. In nutrition some amino acids are required. Write a note on it.

Answer:

1. Peptide bond
2. 20 types of amino acids
3. Note on amino acids:
   • Essential amino acids: The amino acids can not be synthesisecHn the animal body and must be obtained through diet are called essential amino acids.
   • Non-essential amino acids: The amino acids which can be synthesised in the body are called non essential amino acids.

Question 6.
Give name.

1. The most abundant protein in animal.
2. The most abundant protein in the whole of the biosphere.
3. A polymer of fructose.
4. Paper made from plant pulp is
5. Complex polysaccharide present in the exoskeleton of Arthropods
6. Polysaccharide with helical structure

Answer:

1. Collagen
2. RuBisCo
3. Insulin
4. Cellulose
5. Chitin
6. Starch

Question 7.

1. Identify the structures A, B, C and D.
2. Name the molecule formed by the esterification of one ‘D’ molecule and three ‘C’ molecule.

Answer:

1. Structures:
   • A) Glucose
   • B) Amino acid (Glycine)
   • C) Fatty acid
   • D) Glycerol
2. 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acid Triglyceride

Question 8.
Match the column A and B.

A	B
a. Bioluminescence	Fructose
b. Inulin	Basic amino acid
c. Lysine	Nicotinamide adenine
	dinucleotide
d. Skelton	Ctenophora
e. Nucleoside	Spicules
f. Co-enzyme	Thymidine

Answer:

A	B
a. Bioluminescence	Ctenophora
b. Inulin	Fructose
c. Lysine	Basic amino acid
d. Skelton	Spicules
e. Nucleoside	Thymidine
f. Co-enzyme	Nicotinamide adenine
	dinucleotide

Question 9.
The activity of the enzyme is inhibited by certain chemicals having close resemblance to the substrate in its molecular structure.

1. Name the type of inhibition
2. Point out a suitable example
3. Mention the Significance of this type of inhibition.

Answer:

1. Competitive inhibition
2. Inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate. Which closely resembles the substrate succinate in structure.
3. Competitive inhibition are often used in the control of bacterial pathogen.

Question 10.

The figure shows the bonding of a biomolecule

1. Identify the monomer
2. Name the bond between the molecules
3. Name the macromolecule formed

Answer:

1. Glucose
2. Glycosidic bond
3. Starch

Plus One Biomolecules NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Proteins have primary structure. If you are given a method to know which amino acid is at either of the two termini (ends) of a protein, can you connect this information to purity or homogeneity of a protein?
Answer:
In there is one type of amino acid at both termini then it is homopolymer and it cannot be a pure protein. When there are different types of amino acids on both termini then it is a pure protein as proteins are heteropolymer. This property of protein in because of presence of 21 types of amino acids.

Question 2.
Find out and make a list of proteins used as therapeutic agents. Find other applications of proteins (e.g., Cosmetics art)
Answer:

1. Therapeutic Agents:
   • Contraceptive pills: As they are hormones so they are made up of protein.
   • Nutritional Supplements: Many brands are available as protein supplements. Example: Protinex.
2. Other Uses: Chicken cubes are used in making soups and dishes.

Question 3.
Explain the composition of triglyceride.
Answer:
Triglycerides are formed from a single molecule of glycerol, combined with three fatty acids on each of the OH groups, and make up most of fats digested by humans. Easter bonds from between each fatty acid and the glycerol molecule.
General structure of a triglyceride Chemical formula:

RCOO-CH₂CH(-OOCR)CH₂-OOCR,
where R, R’, and R” are longer alkyl chains. The three fatty acids RCOOH, RCOOH and RCOOH can be all different, all the same, or only two the same. Chain lengths of the fatty acids in naturally occurring triglycerides can be of varying lengths, but 16, 18 and 20 carbons are the most common.

Natural fatty acids found in plants and animals are typically composed only of even numbers of carbon atoms due to the way they are biosynthesized from acetyl CoA. Bacteria, however, possess the ability to synthesise odd – and branched – chain fatty acids. Consequently, ruminant animal fat contains odd num¬bered fatty acids, such as 15, due to the action of bacteria in the rumen.

Question 4.
Can you describe What happens when milk is converted into curd or yogurt, from your understanding of proteins?
Answer:
Casein is the predominant phosphoprotein, that accounts for nearly 80% of proteins in cow milk and cheese. Milk-clotting proteases act on the soluble portion of the caseins. K Casein, thus originating an unstable micellar state that results in clot formation. When coagulated with chymosin, casein is sometimes called paracasein.

Casein is not coagulated by heat. It is precipitated by acids and by rennet enzymes, a proteolytic enzyme typically obtained from the stomachs of calves.

Question 5.
Can you attempt building models of biomolecules using commercially available atomic models (Ball and Stick models)?
Answer:
Following three-dimensional structure of cellulose can be made using balls and sticks. Similarly, models of other biomolecules can be made.

Question 6.
Attempt titrating an amino acid against a weak base and discover the number of dissociating (ionizable) functional groups in the amino acid.
Answer:
On titrating against a weak base the amino acid ionizes into following functional groups.

• NH2 (amino group)
• COOH (Carboxyl group)

Question 7.
Draw the structure of the amino acid, alanine.

Answer:

Question 8.
What are gums made of? Is Fevicol different?
Answer:
Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing a large viscosity increase in solution, even at small concentrations. Fevicol is a synthetic glue. These adhesives are a mixture of ingredients (typically polymers) dissolved in a solvent. As the solvent evaporates, the adhesive hardens.

Depending on the chemical composition of the adhesive, they will adhere to different materials to greater or lesser degrees. These adhesives are typically weak and are used for household applications.

Question 9.
Explain the basic structure of a nucleotide.
Answer:
A nucleotide is a building block of nucleic acids. A nucleotide has following components:

1. A heterocyclic compound (base)
2. A mnonosaccharide, and
3. A phosphoric acid or a phosphate.

Plus One Biomolecules Multiple Choice Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Enzyme often have additional parts intheirstructures that are made up of molecules otherthan proteins. When this additional chemical part is an organic molecule, it is called
(a) cofactor
(b) coenzyme
(c) substrate
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(a) cofactor

Question 2.
Nucleotides are formed by
(a) sugar and phosphate
(b) purine, pyrimidine and phosphate
(c) purine, pyrimidine, sugar and phosphate
(d) pyrimidine, sugar and phosphate
Answer:
(b) purine, pyrimidine and phosphate

Question 3.
The effectiveness of an enzyme is affected least by
(a) temperature
(b) concentration of the substrate
(c) original activation energy of the system
(d) concentration of the enzyme
Answer:
(c) original activation energy of the system

Question 4.
Which is an organic compound found in most cells?
(a) Glucose
(b) Water
(c) Sodium chloride
(d) Oxygen
Answer:
(a) Glucose

Question 5.
Enzymes that catalyse inter-conversion of optical, geometrical or positional isomers are
(a) ligases
(b) lyases
(c) hydrolases
(d) isomerases
Answer:
(d) isomerases

Question 6.
Which one of the following is wrongly matched?
(a) Fungi – Chitn
(b) Phospholipid – Plasma membrane
(c) Enzyme – Lipopolysacchande
(d) ATP – Nucleotide derivative
Answer:
(c) Enzyme – Lipopolysacchande

Question 7.
An organic substance bound to an enzyme and essential for its activity is called
(a) coenzyme
(b) holoenzyme
(c) apoenzyme
(d) isoenzyme
Answer:
(a) coenzyme

Question 8.
The ‘Repeating unit of glycogen is
(a) fructose
(b) mannose
(c) glucose
(d) galactose
Answer:
(c) glucose

Question 9.
Feedback inhibition of enzymes is affected by which of the following?
(a) Enzyme
(b) Substrate
(c) End products
(d) Intermediate end products
Answer:
(c) End products

Question 10.
The enzyme, which combines with non-protein part to form a functional enzyme, is known as
(a) coenzyme
(b) holoenzyme
(c) apoenzyme
(d) prosthetic group
Answer:
(b) holoenzyme

Question 11.
Benedict’s reagent test is conducted to confirm the presence of
(a) polysaccharides like starch
(b) lipids
(c) reducing sugars
(d) proteins
Answer:
(c) reducing sugars

Question 12.
Which disaccharide has different linkage?
(a) Maltose
(b) Starch
(c) Sucrose
(d) Lactose
Answer:
(c) Sucrose

Question 13.
Select the wrong statement.
(a) The building blocks of lipids are amino acids
(b) Majority of enzymes contain a non-protein part called the prosthetic group
(c) The thylakoids are arranged one above the other like a stack of coins forming a granum
(d) Crossing over occurs at pachytene stage ofmeiosis-l
Answer:
(a) The building blocks of lipids are amino acids

Question 14.
Which of the following is a disaccharide?
(a) Glucose
(b) Fructose
(c) Sucrose
(d) Galactose
Answer:
(c) Sucrose

Question 15.
Lactose is composed of following components.
(a) glucose and fructose
(b) glucose and glucose
(c) glucose, fructose and galactose
(d) glucose and galactose
Answer:
(d) glucose and galactose

Question 16.
The simple polyhydroxy ketone molecule containing 3-7 carbons is a
(a) disaccharide
(b) monosaccharide
(c) polysaccharide
(d) dipeptide
Answer:
(b) monosaccharide

Question 17.
How many of the twenty two amino acids are essential for children?
(a) 6
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) 7
Answer:
(c) 9

Question 18.
Starch and cellulose are compounds of many units of
(a) glycerol
(b) amino acids
(c) simple sugars
(d) fatty acids
Answer:
(c) simple sugars