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Students can Download Chapter 13 Kinetic Theory Questions and Answers, Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 13 Kinetic Theory

Plus One Physics Kinetic Theory One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The value of \(\frac{P V}{T}\) for one mole of an ideal gas is nearly equal to
(a) 2 Jmol^-1K^-1
(b) 8.3 Jmol^-1K^-1
(c) 4.2 Jmol^-1K^-1
(d) 2 cal mol^-1K^-1
Answer:
(d) 2 cal mol^-1K^-1
The value of \(\frac{P V}{T}\) for one mole of an ideal gas = gas constant = 2 cal mol^-1K^-1.

Question 2.
Mean free path of a gas molecule is
(a) inversely proportional to number of molecules per unit volume
(b) inversely proportional to diameter of the molecule
(c) directly proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature
(d) directly proportional to the molecular mas
Answer:
(a) inversely proportional to number of molecules per unit volume.

Question 3.
If for a gas \(\frac{R}{C_{v}}\) = 0.67, this gas is made up of molecules which are
(a) monoatomic
(b) diatomic
(c) Polyatomic
(d) mixture of diatomic and polyatomic molecules
Answer:
(a) monoatomic
For a gas, we know \(\frac{R}{C_{v}}\) = γ – 1
or, 0.67 = γ – 1, or γ = 1.67
Hence the gas is monoatomic.

Question 4.
According to kinetic theory of gases, molecules of a gas behave like
(a) inelastic spheres
(b) perfectly elastic rigid spheres
(c) perfectly elastic non-rigid spheres
(d) inelastic non-rigid spheres
Answer:
(b) According to kinetic theory of gases, gas molecules behave as a perfectly elastic rigid spheres.

Question 5.
Which one of the following is not an assumption of kinetic theory of gases?
(a) The volume occupied by the molecules of the gas is negligible.
(b) The force of attraction between the molecules is negligible.
(c) the collision between the molecules are elastic.
(d) All molecules have same speed.
Answer:
(d) Molecules of an ideal gas moves randomly with different speeds.

Question 6.
What is the shape of graph between volume and temperature, if pressure is kept constant?
Answer:
PV = nRT. Hence graph will be straight line.

Question 7.
What is the shape of graph between pressure p and I/V for a perfect gas at constant temperature?
Answer:
Straight line

Question 8.
Identify the minimum possible temperature at which all molecular motion ceases.
Answer:
Absolute temperature (OK or – 273.15°C).

Question 9.
What is the formula for average translational kinetic energy of a gas molecule?
Answer:
3/2 K_BT

Plus One Physics Kinetic Theory Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mention the conditions under which the real gases obey ideal gas equation.
Answer:
Low pressure and high temperature.

Question 2.
Why the temperature rises when gas is suddenly compressed?
Answer:
The work done on gas during compression increases the kinetic energy of molecules and hence temperature of gas rises.

Question 3.
Why evaporation causes cooking?
Answer:
During evaporation, fast moving molecules escape from liquid. Hence average kinetic energy of molecules left behind is decreaesd. This will reduce temperature & causes cooling.

Question 4.
When automobile travels long distance air pressure in tyres increases slightly. Why?
Answer:
As automobile moves, work is being done against force of friction. This work is converted in to heat and it increases the temperature. As P a T, increase in temperature will increase pressure.

Question 5.
PV = µ RT is the ideal gas equation. Real gas obeys ideal behaviour at high temperature and at low pressure.

1. Give an example for ideal gas
2. Why real gases obey ideal gas equation at high temperature and at low pressure.

Answer:

1. Hydrogen
2. The interaction between molecules can be neglected at high T and at low temperature.

Question 6.
A vessel of volume V contains a gas of µ moles at a temperature T.

1. What is the ideal gas equation if gas is considered to be ideal one?
2. The variation of pressure P with number of moles per unit volume in a vessel is shown in the graph. Analyse the graph and choose the correct one and justify your answer.

(i) The temperature inside the vessel decreases.
(ii) The temperature inside the vessel increases.
Answer:
1. PV = µRT

2. P = \(\frac{1}{3}\)nmc^-2
In this case, when n increases, (mc^-2) decreases to maintain P as constant. Temperature is directly proportional to mc^-2. Hence we can say that temperature inside the vessel decreases.

Plus One Physics Kinetic Theory Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
1 mole of ideal gas is taken in vessel.

1. State the following statements as true or false.
   • In gas equation R is constant.
   • All real gas obeys gas equation at all temperature and pressures.
2. Draw the variation of R with pressure for the above ideal gas.
3. Draw the variation of R with volume for this ideal gas.

Answer:
1. Following statements as true or false:

• True
• False

2.

3.

Question 2.

1. Air pressure in a car tyre increase during driving. Why?
2. Air is filled in a vessel at 60°C. To what temperature should it be heated in order that 1/3^rd of air may escape out of the vessel? (Expansion of air may be neglected).

Answer:
1. During driving the temperature of air inside the tyre increases due to motion.

2. T₁ = 60 + 273 = 333K
V₁ = V; T₂ = ? V₂ = V+ V/3
V₂ = \(\frac{4}{3}\)V

Question 3.
Find the degrees of freedom of the following.

1. A body is confined to move in a straight line
2. A body moves in a plane
3. A body moves in a space

Answer:

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

Plus One Physics Kinetic Theory Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
An enclosed vessel contains many number of molecules moving in random direction.

1. Explain the term pressure in terms molecular concept.
2. Derive an expression for the pressure exerted by the gas molecules by assuming postulates of kinetic theory of gases.

Answer:
1. Pressure P = \(\frac{2}{3} n \overline{K E}\)
Where ‘n’ is the number of gas molecules per unit volume. \(\overline{\mathrm{KE}}\) is the average kinetic energy of a gas molecules moving in random direction.

2.

Consider molecules of gas in a container. The molecules are moving in random directions with a velocity V. This is the velocity of a molecule in any direction.

The velocity V can be resolved along x, y and z directions as V_x, V_y, and V_z respectively. If we assume a molecule hits the area A of container with velocity V_x and rebounds back with -V_x.

The change in momentum imparted to the area A by the molecule = 2mV_x. The molecules covers a distance V_xt along the x-direction in a time t. All the molecules within the volume AV_xt will collide with the area in a time t.

If ‘n’ is the number of molecules per unit volume, the total number of molecules hitting the area A, N = AV_xt n.
But on an average, only half of those molecules will be hitting the area, and the remaining molecules will be moving away from the area. Hence the momentum imported to the area in a time t.

Q = 2mv_x × \(\frac{1}{2}\) AV_xt n.
= nmV_x2 At
The rate of change of momentum,
\(\frac{Q}{t}\) = nmV_x² A
But rate of change of momentum is called force, ie. force F = nmV_x2A
∴ pressure P =nmV_x 2 (P = \(\frac{F}{A}\))
Different molecules move with different velocities. Therefore, the average value V2_x is to be taken. If \(\overline{\mathbf{V}}_{\mathbf{x}}^{2}\) isthe average value then the pressure.
p = nm\(\overline{\mathbf{V}}_{\mathbf{x}}^{2}\) ………(1)
\(\overline{\mathbf{V}}_{\mathbf{x}}^{2}\) is known as the mean square velocity.
Since the gas is isotropic (having the same properties in all directions), we can write

Hence the eq (1) can be written as

But nm = ρ, the density of gas
∴ P = \(\frac{F}{A}\) ρ\(\overline{\mathbf{V}}^{2}\).

Question 2.
1. Fill in the blanks

2. What happens to the value of ratio of specific heat capacity, if we consider all rotational degrees of freedom of a 1-mole diatomic molecule?
Answer:
1.

2. Total degrees of freedom = 3 (trans) + 3 (Rot) = 6
∴ C_V = 3R, C_P = 4R
Ratio of specific heat γ = \(\frac{4}{3}\)
Ratio of specific heat capacity decreases.

Plus One Physics Kinetic Theory NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Molar volume is the volume occupied by 1 mol of any (ideal) gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP: 1 atmospheric pressure, 0°C). Show that it is 22.4 litres.
Answer:
PV= µRT or V = \(\frac{\mu \mathrm{RT}}{\mathrm{P}}\)

= 22.4 × 10^-3 m³ = 22.4 litre.

Question 2.
Estimate the total number of air molecules (inclusive of oxygen, nitrogen, water vapour and other constituents) in a room of capacity 25.0m³ at a temperature of 27°C and 1-atmosphere pressure.
Answer:
V = 25.0m³, T = (27 + 273), K = 300 K, k = 1.38 × 10^-23JK^-1
PV= nRT = n(Nk)T = (nN)kT = N_tkT
Here N_t represents the total number of air molecules in the given gas.

Question 3.
From a certain apparatus, the diffusion rate of hydrogen has an average value of 28.7 cm³s^-1. The diffusion of another gas under the same conditions is measured to have an average rate of 7.2 cm³s^-1. Identify the gas.
Answer:
According to Graham’s law of diffusion of gases, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular mass. If R₁ and R₂ be the rates of diffusion of two gases having molecular masses M₁ and M₂ respectively, then

Question 4.
Estimate the fraction of molecular volume to the actual volume occupied by oxygen gas at STP. Take the diameter of an oxygen molecule to be 3Å.
Answer:
Consider one mole of oxygen gas at STP. It occupies 22.4 litre of volume which will contain 6.023 × 10²³. (ie. Avogadro number) molecules. Considering spherical shape of molecule, volume of oxygen molecule

Volume of 6.023 × 10²³ molecules
= \(\frac{4}{3}\) × 3.142(1.5)³ × 10^-30 × 6.02 × 10²³ m³
= 85.1 × 10^-7m³
= 8.51 × 10^-6m³ = 8.51 × 10^-3
litre Molecular volume of one mole of oxygen (∵ 1m³ = 10³ litre)
∴ Molecular volume of one mole of oxygen = 8.51 × 10^-3 litre
Actual volume occupied by one mole of oxygen at STP = 22.4 litre
Fraction of molecular volume to actual volume

Students can Download Chapter 7 Control Statements Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 7 Control Statements

Plus One Control Statements One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
An if statement contains another if statement completely. Then it is known as _________.
Answer:
Nested if

Question 2.
From the following which is not optional with switch statement.
(a) break
(b) default
(c) case
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) case.

Question 3.
To exit from a switch statement _______ is used.
(a) quit
(b) exit
(c) break
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) break

Question 4.
From the following which statement is true for switch statement.
(a) switch is used to test the equality
(b) switch is used to test relational or logical expression
(c) switch can handle real numbers case data
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) switch is used to test the equality

Question 5.
Sonet wants to execute a statement more than once. From the following which is exactly suitable.
(a) if
(b) loop
(c) switch
(d) if else if ladder
Answer:
(b) loop

Question 6.
Odd one out
(a) for
(b) if
(c) switch
(d) if-else if ladder
Answer:
(a) for. It is a loop the others are branching statement.

Question 7.
Odd one out
(a) for
(b) if
(c) while
(d) do-while
Answer:
(b) if. It is a branching statement and the others are loops.

Question 8.
From the following which loop does the three things, initialisation, checking and updation.
(a) while
(b) do-while
(c) for
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) for

Question 9.
Predict the output Output
(a) 10
(b) 1 to 10
(c) 11
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) 11.

Question 10.
From the following which is exit controlled loop
(a) for
(b) while
(c) do-while
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) do-while

Question 11.
_____________ statement is used for unconditional jump from one location to another.
Answer:
goto.

Question 12.
Sunitha wants to skip one iteration. From the following which will help her?
(a)continue
(b) break
(c) for
(d) case
Answer:
(a) continue

Question 13.
To terminate a program, from the following which is used.
(a) break
(b) continue
(c) end()
(d) exit()
Answer:
(d) exit()

Question 14.
Which header file is needed to use exit() function in a program?
(a) iostream
(b) cstdlib
(c) math
(d) iomanip
Answer:
(b) cstdlib

Question 15.
In while loop, the loop variable should be updated?
(a) along with while statement
(b) after the while statement
(c) before the while statement
(d) inside the body of while
Answer:
(d) Inside the body of while

Question 16.
How many times the following loop will execute?
int S = 0, i = 0;
do
{
S + = i;
i++;
} while(i < 5);
Answer:
5 times

Question 17.
1. statement takes the program control out of the loop even though the test expression is true.

2. Consider the following code fragment. How many times will the character be printed on the screen?
for (i=0; i< 10; i =i+2);
cout <<“*”;
}
Answer:

1. break or goto
2. Only one time because of semicolon(;) in the end of the for(i=0;i<10;i=i+2);

Question 18.
Which selection statement tests the value of a variable or an expression against a list of integers or character constants? (SAY-2015) (1)
(a) For
(b) If
(c) Switch
(d) Conditional expression
Answer:
(c) switch

Question 19.
How many times the following loop will execute? (MARCH-2016) (1)
int m = 2
do
{
cout<<“Welcome”; m++ ;
} while (m>10);
Answer:
Only one time

Question 20.
________ statement takes the program control outside a loop even though the test expression is true. (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (1)
Answer:
break

Question 21.
Read the following C++ statement for (int n = 1; n<10; n+=2); cout<<n
Now, choose the correct output from the following options. (SCERT SAMPLE – II)(1)
(a) 1
(b) 13579
(c) 11
(d) 10
Answer:
(c) 11. This is because of for statement is end with; (semi colon). Here cout<<n; executes only once.

Question 22.
____________ search method is an example for ‘divide and conquer method’.
Answer:
goto.

Question 23.
1. Name the type or loop which can be used to ensure that the body of the loop will surely be executed at least once.

2. Consider the code given below and predict the output. (MARCH-2017) (1)
for (int i=1; i<=9;i=i+2)
{
if (i==5) continue;
cout<<i<< ” “;
}
Answer:

1. do while loop(Exit controlled loop)
2. 1 3 7 9. It bypasses one iteration of the loop when i = 5.

Plus One Control Statements Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Your friend Arun asked you that is there any loop that will do three things, initialization, testing and updation. What is your answer. Explain?
Answer:
Yes. There is only one loop namely for loop that will do this three things. The other loops will do the checking only, initialisation must be do before the loop and updation must be inside the loop.
The syntax of for loop is given below For(initialisation; testing; updation)
{
Body of the for loop;
}

Question 2.
While writing a program Geo uses while loop but forgets to update the loop variable. What will happen?
Answer:
The loop variable inside the while loop must be updated otherwise the loop will not be terminated. The loop will be work infinitely.

Question 3.
Draw the flow chart of if statement.
Answer:

Question 4.
Draw the flow chart of if else statement
Answer:

Question 5.
Write a while loop that display numbers from 500 to 550.
Answer:
int i = 500
while (i<=550)
{
cout<<i;
i = i + 1;
}

Question 6.
Distinguish between exit(0) function and return statement
Answer:
Both are used to terminate the program but both are different. Return is a keyword and exit(0) is a function. The difference is, we can use more than one exit(0) function but we can use only one return statement in a scope. To use exit(0), the header file cstdlib should be used.

Question 7.
Draw the flowchart of for loop
Answer:

Question 8.
How many time the following for loop will execute? Justify.
for(i = 0; ; i ++)
{
if(i > 5)
cout<<“continue”;
else
cout<<“over”;
}
Answer:
Here the loop becomes infinite because the check condition is missing.

Question 9.
Predict the output.
#include<iostream.h>
int main()
{
int a = 0;
start:
cout<<endl<< ++a;
if(a < 5)
goto start;
}
Answer:
1
2
3
4
3

Question 10.
for(int i=2, sum=0; i <= 20; i=i+2)
sum += i;
Rewrite the above code using while loop.
Answer:
int i = 2; sum=0;
while (i<=20)
{
sum += i;
i = i + 2;
}

Question 11,.
Rewrite the following code using switch case statement.
if(day == 1)
cout<<“Sunday”;
else if(day == 2)
cout<<“Monday”;
else if(day == 7)
cout<<“Saturday”;
else
cout <<“Wednesday”;
Answer:
switch (day)
{
case 1: cout<<“Sunday”;break;
case 2: cout<<“Monday”;break;
case 7: cout<<“Saturday”;break;
default : cout<<“Wednesday”;
}

Question 12.
Pick the odd one out from the following. Give reason.

1. for, while, do….while
2. if, switch, for

Answer:

1. do…..while. It is an exit controlled loop while others are entry controlled loop
2. for. It is a loop while others are branching statements.

Question 13.
State whether the following statements are True or False. In either case justify your answer.

1. Break statement is essential in switch
2. For loop is an entry controlled loop
3. Do…while loop is an entry controlled loop
4. Switch is a selection statement

Answer:

1. False. It is not essential in single case statement
2. True. Because it will first check the condition. If it is true then only the body will be executed.
3. False. It is an exit controlled loop.
4. True.

Question 14.
Write the equivalent code for the following statement. R = (P<Q?P:Q)
Answer:
if(P<Q)
R = P;
else
R = Q;

Question 15.
Examine the following code snippet and find out the output? What will happen if the statement int ch; is replaced by char ch;
int ch;
for(ch=’A’;ch<=’Z’;++ch)
cout<<ch<<”;
Answer:
This code snippet will print 65, 66, 67,……., 90. If the statement int ch; is replaced by char ch; it prints A, B, C, ……., Z.

Question 16.

1. _______ is an entry control loop.
2. _______ Explain the memory allocation for the following declaration statement. int A[10] [10];

Answer:

1. while or for loop
2. To store an integer 4 bytes is used in Geany Editor. int A[10] [10]; → It needs 10 × 10 × 4 = 400 bytes

Question 17.
Differentiate between break and continue statements in C++. (SAY -2016) (2)
Answer:
break statement:
It is used to skip over a part of the code i.e. we can premature exit from a loop such as while, do-while, for or switch.
Syntax:
while (expression)
{
if (condition)
break;
}

continue statement:
It bypasses one iteration of the loop. That is it skips one iteration and continue the loop with next iteration value.
Syntax :
while (expression)
{
if (condition)
continue;
}

Plus One Control Statements Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Compare if else and conditional operator?
Answer:
We can use conditional operator as an alternative of if-else statement. The conditional operator is a ternary operator.
The syntax of if-else
if (expression 1)
expression 2;
else
expression 3;

First expression 1 is evaluated if it is true expression 2 will be executed otherwise expression 3 will be executed. Instead of this, we can be written as follows using conditional operator Expression 1 ? expression 2: expression 3;

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.
Rewrite the program following program using if else.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a,b,big;
cout<<“Enter two integers”;
cin>>a>>b;
big = (a>b)?a:b;
cout<<“Biggest number is “<<big<<endl;
return 0;
}
Answer:

Question 4.


Is it possible to rewrite the above program using switch statement? Distinguish between switch and if else if ladder.
Answer:
No. It is not possible to write the above code using switch statement. Following are the difference between switch and if else if ladder.

1. Switch can test only for equality but if can evaluate a relational or logical expression
2. If else is more versatile
3. If else can handle floating values but switch cannot
4. If the test expression contains more variable if-else is used
5. Testing a value against a set of constants switch is more efficient than if-else.

Question 5.
Rewrite the following using nested switch construct.

Answer:

Question 6.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout<<n*”;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 7.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int ij;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=l;j<=i;j++)
cout<<j<<“”;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 8.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
1
2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 4
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int ij;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout<<i<<””;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 9.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9 10
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int ij,k=0;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=l;j<=i;j++)
cout<<++k<<“”;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 10.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
1
1 3
1 3 5
1 3 5 7
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout<<j × 2-1<<”
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 11.
Consider the following output and write down the code for the same.
2
4 4
6 6 6
8 8 8 8
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i,j;
for(i=1;i<5;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
cout<<i × 2<<“”;
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 12.
Write a program to print the sum of first n natural numbers.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n,i,sum=0;
cout<<“Enter a value for n”;
cin>>n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
sum = sum + i;
}
cout<<“The sum of first ” <<n<<” numbers is “<<sum;
}

Question 13.
Write a program to read a number and check whether it is palindrome or not.
Answer:

Question 14.
Write a program to print the factorial of a number.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n,i;
long fact = 1;
cout<<“Enter a number”;
cin>>n;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
fact = fact × i;
cout<<“The factorial of “<<n<<” is “<<fact;
}

Question 15.
Write a program to print the Fibonacci series.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()

Question 16.
Write a program to read a number and check whether the given number is Armstrong or not.
Answer:

Question 17.
Write down the code for the following output using while loop.
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
Answer:

Question 18.
Distinguish between entry controlled loop and exit controlled loop.
Answer:
An entry controlled loop first checks the condition and execute(or enters in to) the body of loop only if it is true. But exit control loop first execute the body of the loop once even if the condition is false then check the condition. The for loop and while loop are entry controlled loops but do-while loop is an exit controlled loop.

Question 19.
Write a program to find the largest of 3 numbers.
Answer:

Question 20.
Check whether a given number is prime or not.
Answer:

Question 21.
Write a program to print the prime numbers less than 100.
Answer:

Question 22.
Write a program to read number and display its factors.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n,i;
cout<<“Enter a number greater than zero”;
cin>>n;
cout<<“The factors are”;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(n%i==0)
cout<<i<<“,”;
}

Question 23.
Write a program to print the Armstrong numbers less than 1000.
Answer:

Question 24.
Char result;
float marks;
cin>>marks;
if (marks >= 50)
result = ’P’;
else
result = ’F’;
cout<<result;
Rewrite the above code without using if statement.
Answer:
result=(marks>=50) ? ’P’: ’F’;

Question 25.
The output of a program is given below.
1
3
5
7
9
The sum is 25
Write a C++ program for obtaining the above output.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int sum=0,i;
for (i=1; i<=9; i+=2)
{
cout<<i<<endl;
sum = sum + i;
}
cout<<“The sum is”<<sum;
}

Question 26.
Find out the error in syntax if any and correct it?
Answer:
1. while (test condition);
{
}

2. do (condition)
{
}while

3. switch (condition)
{
Case 1:
Case 2:
Case 3:
Case 4:
}
Answer:
1. No need of semi colon. The corrected toop is given below
while (test condition)
{
}

2. In do … while loop the while must be end with semicolon.
do (condition)
{
}while;

3. switch contains expression instead of condition switch(expression)
{
Case 1:
Case 2:
Case 3:
Case 4:
}

Question 27.
Given the total mark of each student in SSLC examination. Write a C++ code fragment to find the grades.
Answer:

Question 28.
You are given the heights of 3 students. Write the relevant code segment to find the maximum height?
Answer:

Question 29.
Write the easiest code snippet for printing your name 1000 times. Explain.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i;
char name[20];
cout<<“Enter your name:
cin>>name;
for(i=0;i<1000;i++)
cout<<name<<endl;
}

Question 30.
Given a code segment for(i=1; i<10; i++)
cout<<i;

1. Rewrite the code using do….while loop
2. What will be the output when i = 0? Give reason.

Answer:
1. i = 1;
do{
cout<<i; i++;
}while(i<10);

2. When i = 0, it will execute one more time. ie. the for loop execute 9 times but here this loop executes 10 times.

Question 31.
Whenever a string is entered the inverse of that string is displayed( eg: if we enter ‘CAR’ the output is ‘RAC’). Write a suitable programme for the output.
Answer:

Question 32.
Write a C++ program to display as follows
A
A B
A B C
A B C D
A B C D E
Answer:

Question 33.
Write C++ program forgetting the following output. (SAY-2016) (3)
1
1 2
1 2 3
1 2 3 4

OR

Consider the following C++ program and answer the following questions.
#include<iostream.h>
int main()
{
int a, p = 1;
for(a=1;a<=5;a+=2)
p = p × a;
cout<<p;
}

(a) Predict the output of the above code.
(b) Rewrite the above program using while loop.

Answer:

Plus One Control Statements Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
“We know that the execution of a program is sequential”. Is it possible to change this sequential manner and explain different jump statements in detail.
Answer:
The execution of a program is sequential but we can change this sequential manner by using jump statements. The jump statements are
1. goto statement:
By using goto we can transfer the control anywhere in the program without any condition. The syntax is goto label;
Example:

2. break statement:
It is used to skip over a part of the code i.e. we can premature exit from a loop such as while, do-while, for or switch.

3. continue statement:
It bypasses one iteration of the loop.

4. exit(0) function:
It is used to terminate the program. For this the header file cstdlib must be included.

Question 2.
Mr. X wants to get an output 9 when inputting 342 and he also wants to get 12 when inputting 651. Write the program and draw a suitable flowchart for X?
Answer:

Question 3.
Explain conditional statements in detail?
Answer:
1. Simple if:
The syntax is given below if(expression)
statement;

or

if(expression)
{
Block of statements
}
First expression evaluates if it is true then only statement will be executed.
eg: if (n>0)
cout<<n<<” is positive”;

2. if else:
The syntax is given below, if (expression)
statement 1;
else
statement 2;

or

if (expression)
{
statement block 1;
}
else
{
statement block 2;
}
First expression evaluates if it is true statement block 1 will be executed otherwise statement block 2 will be executed. Only one block will be executed at a time so it is called branching statement.
eg:
if (n>0)
cout<<n<<” is positive”;
else
cout<<n<<” is negative”;

3. if else if ladder:
The syntax will be given below
if (expression!)
{
statement block 1;
}
else if (expression 2)
{
statement block 2;
}
else if (expression 3)
{
statement block 3;
}
else
{
statement block n;
}
Here first expression 1 will be evaluated if it is true only the statement blockl will be executed otherwise expression 2 will be executed if it is true only the statement block 2 will be executed and so on. If all the expression evaluated is false then only statement block n will be evaluated .
eg:
If (mark>=90)
cout<<“Your grade is A+”;
else if (mark>=80)
cout<<“Your grade is A”;
else if (mark>=70)
cout<<“Your grade is B+”;
else if (mark>=60)
cout<<“Your grade is B”;
else if (mark>=50)
cout<<”Your grade is C+”;
else if (mark>=40)
cout<<“Your grade is C”;
else if (mark>=30)
cout<<“Your grade is D+”;
else
cout<<“Your grade is D”;

4. conditional operator:
It is a ternary operator and it is an alternative for if else construct. The syntax is given below.
expression 1? expression 2: expression 3;

or

expression 1? Value if true : value if false;
Here expression 1 will be evaluated if it true expression 2 will be executed otherwise expression 3 will be executed.
eg:
n>0?cout<<n<<” is positive”:cout<<n<<” is negative”;

5. Switch:
It is a multiple branch statement. Its syntax is given below.
switch(expression)
{
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
case value: statements;break;
……..
default : statements;
}
First expression evaluated and selects the statements with matched case value.
eg:
switch (n)
{
case 1: cout<< “Sunday”;break;
case 2: cout<< “Monday”;break;
case 3: cout<< “Tuesday”;break;
case 4: cout<< “Wedesday”;break;
case 5: cout<< “Thursday”;break;
case 6: cout<< “Friday”;break;
case 7: cout<< “Saturday”;break;
default : cout<< “lnvalid”
}

Question 4.
Explain different loops in detail?
1. For loop:
The syntax of for loop is for(initialization; checking ; update loop variable)
{
Body of loop;
}
First part, initialization is executed once, then checking is carried out if it is true the body of the for loop is executed. Then loop variable is updated and again checking is carried out this process continues until the checking becomes false. It is an entry controlled loop.
eg: for(i=1,j=1;i<=10;i++,j++)
cout<<i<<” × “<<j<<” = “<<i × j;

2. While loop:
It is also an entry controlled loop The syntax is given below
Loop variable initialised while(expression)
{
Body of the loop;
Update loop variable;
}
Here the loop variable must be initialised outside the while loop. Then the expression is evaluated if it is true then only the body of the loop will be executed and the loop variable must be updated inside the body. The body of the loop will be executed until the expression becomes false.
eg:
i = 1;
j = 1;
while(i<=10)
{
cout<<i<<” × “<<j<<” = “<<i × j; i++;
j++;
}

3. do While loop:
It is an exit controlled loop. The syntax is given below
do
{
Statements
}while(expression);
Here the body executes atleast once even if the condition is false. After executing the body it checks the expression if it false it quits the body otherwise the process will be continue.

Question 5.
Write a program to do the following:

1. Inputs the values for variables ‘n’ and ‘m’.
2. Prints the numbers between ‘m’ and ‘n’ which are exactly divisible by ‘m’.
3. Checks whether the numbers divisible by ‘m’ are odd or even.

OR

Write a program using nested loop that inputs a number ‘n’ which generates an output as follows. Hint: if the value of ‘n’ is 5, the output will be as ‘n’
Answer:
1.
25
25 16
25 16 9
25 16 9 4
25 16 9 4 1

2.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int i,n,m;
cout<<“Enter values for n and m”;
cin>>n>>m;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(i%m == 0)
cout<<i<<“,”;
getch();
}

3.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int i,n,m;
cout<<“Enter values for n and m”;
cin>>n>>m;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
if(i%m == 0)
{
cout<<i<<“\t”;
if(i%2 == 0)
cout<<“even”<<endl;
else
cout<<“odd”<<endl;
}
getch();
}

OR

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>//for strlen()
main()
{
clrscr();
int n,i,j;
cout<<“enter a value for n:”;
cin>>n;
for(i=n;i>0;i- -)
{
for(j=n;j>=i;j~)
cout<<j × j<<“\t”;
cout<<endl;
}
getch();
}

Question 6.
Write a C++ program to display Fibonacci series. (SAY-2015)
Answer:

Question 7.
1. Write a C++ program to accept an integer number and check whether it is an Armstrong number or not. (Hint: Sum of the cubes of the digits of an Armstrong number is equal to that number itself)

OR

2. rite a C++ program to accept an integer number and print its reverse (Hint: If 234 is given, the output must be 432).
Answer:
1.

2. #include<iostream>
void main()

Question 8.
1. Write a menu driven program which accepts 3 numbers and show options to find and display.

• the biggest number
• the smallest number
• the sun of the numbers
• the product of the numbers

OR

2. Write a C++ program to check whether a number is palindrome or not.
Answer:
1.

OR
2.

Question 9.
Answer any one question from 22(a) and 22(b).
1. Write a C++ program to display all leap years between 1000 and 2000 excluding all century years.

OR

2. Write a C++ program to find the sum of the first 10 numbers of Fibonacci series. (Fibonacci series is 0, 1, 1,2, 3, 5, 8, 15 where 0 and 1 are the first two terms and reamaining terms are obtained by the sum of the two preceding terms.)
Answer:
1.

OR
2.

Question 10 (MARCH-2017)
Write a program to check whether the given number is palindrome or not. (MARCH-2017) (5)

OR

Write a program to print the leap years between 2000 and 3000.
(A century year is leap year only if it is divided by 400 and a noncentury year is leap year only if it is divided by 4).
Answer:

OR

Students can Download Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques Questions and Answers, Plus One Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 12 Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques

Plus One Chemistry Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which of the following does not contain fused benzene ring?
a) Naphthalene
b) Anthracene
c) Diphenyl
d) Phenanthrene
Answer:
c) Diphenyl

Question 2.
Hemolytic fission of a covalent bond results in the formation of ___________ .
CH₂=CH – C ≡ CH₂OH
Answer:
Free radicals

Question 3.
The IUPAC name of is
a) 2-pentyl-4-en-1-ol
b) 4-penten-2-yn-1-ol
c) 1-pentene-3-yn-5-ol
d) 5-Hydroxy-1-pentene-3-yne
Answer:
b) 4-penten-2-yn-1-ol

Question 4.
Lassigne’s solution on treating with sodium nitro prusside solution gives a violet colour indication the presence of ___________ in the organic compound.
Answer:
sulphur

Question 5.
In Kjeldahl’s method, nitrogen present is estimated as ___________ .
Answer:
NH₃

Question 6.
In the Lassaigne’s test for nitrogen in an organic compound, the Prussian blue colour is obtained due to the formation of:
a) Na₄[Fe(CN)₆]
b) Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃
c) Fe₂[Fe(CN)₆]
d) Fe₃[Fe(CN)₆]₄
Answer:
The Prussian blue colour i§ due to the formation Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₂. Thus, option (b) is correct,

Question 7.
Which of the following carbocation is most stable?

Answer:
The order of stability of carbocation is : 3º>2º>1º

Thus, option (b) is correct.

Question 8.
The best and latest technique for isolation, purification and separation of organic compounds is:
a) Crystallisation
b) Distillation
c) Sublimation
d) Chromatography
Answer:
Chromatography. Thus, option (d) is correct.

Question 9.
The following reaction is classified as:
CH₂CH₂l + KOH (aq) → CH₃CH₂OH + Kl
a) Electrophilic Substitution
b) Nucleophilic substitution
c) Elimination
d) Addition.
Answer:
This is an example of nucleophilic substitution reaction since the nucleophile l – is replaced by the nucleophile OH^– ion. Thus, option (b) is correct.

Question 10.
Which of the carbocation is more stable?

Answer:

Question 11.
Absolute alcohol cannot be obtained by fractional distillation because
Answer:
constant boiling azeotrope mixture is formed with water

Question 12.
Lassaigne’s test fails in
a) NH₂NH₂
b) H₂NCONH₂
c) C₆H₂NHNH₂
d) NH₂OH
Answer:
a) Hydrazine NH₂NH₂

Question 13.
Beilstein test is for the detection of __________ .
Answer:
Halogens

Question 14.
Glycerine can be purified by __________ .
Answer:
Distillation under reduced pressure.

Plus One Chemistry Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
2-Butene exhibits geometrical isomerism.
1. Represent the cis-trans isomers of 2-Butene.
2. Explain ozonolysis with a suitable example.
Answer:
1.

2. When an alkene is allow to react with ozone, an ozonide is obtained. This on hydrolysis gives aldehyde/ ketone. The whole process is called ozonolysis. Eg:

Question 2.
Draw the structures of the molecules represented by the IUPAC names, Pent-3-en-1-ol and 2- Nitrocyclohexene.
Answer:
a) CH₃ – CH = CH – CH₂ – CH₂ – OH

Question 3.
Addition of HBr to propene yields 2-bromopropane, what happens if benzoyl peroxide is added to the above reaction.
Answer:
When propene is allowed to react with HBr in the presence of peroxide, 2 bromo propane is obtained as the minor product and this is called peroxide effect.

Question 4.
Write the IUPAC name of

Answer:
i) 2-Pentanone
ii) 3-Methyl-1-pentanal

Question 5.
Write any two necessary condition for a compound to be aromatic. Convert Acetylene to benzene.
Answer:
Cyclic, Planar and should contain (4n+2) n electrons.

Question 6.
What are hybridisation states of each carbon atom in the following compounds?
CH₂ = C = O, CH₃CH = CH₂,(CH₃)₂CO,
CH₂ = CHCN, C₆H₆
Answer:
The hybridisation of each carbon is written as superscript on the carbon atom in the molecule.

Question 7.
Which is expected to be more stable, O₂ NCH₂CH₂O or
Answer:

has -l- effect and hence it tends to disperse the -ve charge on the O-atom. In contrast, CH₃CH₂ exerts + l – effect. It, therefore, tends to intensity the -ve change and hence destabilizes it.

Plus One Chemistry Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
a) Write the structure of the following compounds.
i) Hexane-2, 4-dione
ii) 3-Bromo-4 methyl hexane-2-ol
iii) 2-Bromo-4-methyl hept-5-enal
Answer:
a) i) Hexane 2, 4-dione

Question 2.
Isomers are compounds with same formula and different properties.
a) Write all the possible structural isomers of C₅H₁₂.
b) Give the IUPAC name of above isomers.
Answer:

b) 1) Pentane
2) 2-Methyl butane
3) 2,2-Dimethyl propane

Question 3.
a) Give the IUPAC names of:

b) How is nitrogen detected by Lassaignes test?
c) Name a suitable technique for separation of the components from a mixture of benzene (b.p.353 K) and aniline (b.p.-457 K)
Answer:
a) (i) 2-Chloro 3-methyl hexane
(ii) 2-Methylbutanal

b) About 2 mL of the extract is boiled with about 1 mL of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution. One or two drops of con.H₂SO₄ are added to the solution. Presence of nitrogen is indicated by the appearance of a blue colouration.

c) Distillation

Question 4.
i) Draw the structure of propanone. Write the hybridisation of each carbon in propanone.
ii) Arrange the following carbocations in the increasing order of their stability. Justify.
CH₃⁺, CH₃CH₂⁺, (CH₃)₂CH⁺
iii) What is the method used to separate a mixture of o-Nitrophenol from p-Nitrophenol? Which property is utilized for separation?
Answer:

I^st carbon of Propanone is sp³ hybridisation.
II^nd carbon of Propanone is sp² hybridisation.
III^rd carbon of Propanone is sp³ hybridisation.

iii) Chromatography; Difference in absorption rate of different substances..

Question 5.
1. Give the IUPAC name of the following compound.

2. How can you detect the presence of nitrogen in an organic compound?
3. Arrange the following in the increasing order of stability.
(CH₃)₂CH⁺, CH₃-CH₂⁺, (CH₃)₃C⁺
Answer:
1. 2-chloro, 2-methyl propane

2. Presence of nitrogen can be detected by Lassigne’s test. The sodium fusion extract is boiled with FeSO₄ and then acidified with con.H₂SO₄. The formation of Prussian blue colour conforms the presence of nitrogen.
3.

Question 6.
Predict the product in the following reactions and identify the rules:

Answer:
a) When propene is allowed to react with HBr in the presence of peroxide, 2-Bromo propane is obtained as the minor product. (Peroxide effect, Kharasch effect or Anti MarkownikofFs rule of addition).

Question 7.
a) Draw the structures of the following compounds.
i) 3-hexenoic acid
ii) 2-chloro-2-methyl butanol
iii) 4-nitro-1-pent-l-yne
Answer:

Question 8.
Write the IUPAC names of the following:

Answer:
i) 2,2,4-Trimethyl pentane
ii) 2-Methyl 1-butene
iii) Propyl benzene

Question 9.
Draw the structure of the following molecules.
i) 3, 4-Dimethylhept-3-ene
ii) Neo-pentane
iii) 3-Nitrocyclohexene
Answer:

Question 10.
What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures? Are they structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors?

Answer:
a) Structural isomers (actually position isomers as well as metamers)
b) geometrical isomers,
c) resonance contributors because they differ in the position of electrons but not atoms:

Question 11.
Expain the reason for the fusion of an organic compound with metallic sodium for testing nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus.
Answer:
The organic compound is fused with sodium metal to convert these elements (which are present in the covalent form) to ionic form. For example, Sulphur is changed to Na₂S, nitrogen to NaCN and phosphorus to Na₃PO₄ The presence of sulphide ions, cyanide ions and phosphate ions can thus be confirmed by using suitable reagents.

Plus One Chemistry Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
1) Write the structural formula of
a) 4-Ethyl-1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene
b) 2,3,6-Trimethyl octane.
c) 1,2-Dibromo benzene.
2) Categorize the following as nucleophile and electrophile
a) HS^–
b) BF₃
c) NO₂⁺
d) C₂H₅O^–
e) (CH₃)₃N
f)NH₂^–
Answer:

Question 2.
1. What is chromatography? Name the different types of chromatography.
2. What is Lassaigne’s test?
Answer:
1. Chromatography is a valuable method for the separations, purification and identification of the constituents of a mixture. Chromatography is classified into 2 types.
a) Adsorption chromatography
b) Partition chromatography

2. Lassigne’s test is used to determine the presence of nitrogen, halogens and sulphur present in the organic compound.

Question 3.
1. Write IUPAC names of the products obtained by addition of HBr to Hex-1-ene.
i) in the absence of peroxide
ii) in the presence of peroxide
2. Complete the following reaction:

Answer:
1.

2. 2HCHO + H₂O₂

Question 4.
1. What is metamerism? Give example for metamers.
2. What are free radicals? How are they formed?
Answer:
1. It is the isomerism which arises due to different alkyl chains on either side of the functional group in the molecule.
e.g. Methoxypropane(CH₃OC₃H₇) and ethoxyethane (C₂H₅OC₂H₅) are metamers.

2. Free radicals are highly reactive species containing unpaired electrons. They are formed by homolytic cleavage of covalent bond. e.g. \(\dot { C } \)H₃

Question 5.
1. How will you prepare butane?
2. Explain Markownikoff’s rule for the addition reaction using a suitable example.
Answer:
1. When an alkyl halide (ethyl chloride) is allowed to react with metalic sodium in presence of dry ether,

2. Markownikoff’s rule of addition:
When a hydrogen hallide is added to an unsymmetrical alkane the halogen atom will goes to the double bond carbon containing lesser number of hydrogen atom, eg:

Question 6.
Identify the isomerism exhibited by the following compounds.

1. CH₃CH₂CH₂OH and (CH₃)₂CHOH
2. CH₃CH₂CHO and CH₃COCH₃
3. CH₃CH2₂CH₂CH₃andCH₃OCH₂CH₂CH₃
4. CH₃(CH₂)₃ CH₃ and (CH₃)₄C

Answer:

1. Position isomerism
2. Functional group isomerism
3. Metamerism
4. Chain isomerism

Question 7.
i) Predict the products of

ii) Classify the following compounds into aromatic and non-aromatic.

(iii) Which of the following compounds will show geometrical isomerism?
a) CH₃ CH=CHCH₃
b) (CH₃)₂₃ C=CH₂
Answer:

Question 8.
Write the IUPAC name

b) Write the structure of the following.
i) 2-Chloro-2-methyl butanol
ii) 4-Nitro-1-pentene
Answer:
a) i) 4-Methyl pentanal
ii) Cyclohexanol

Question 9.
a) Write IUPAC names of the products obtained by addition reactions of HBrto hex-1-ene:
i) In the absence of peroxide.
ii) In the presence of peroxide.
b) How will you convert:
i) Benzene to toluene.
ii) Benzene to nitrobenzene
Answer:

Question 10
a) Explain the term
(i) Inductive effect
(ii) Nucleophile
b) Write the structural formula of the following.
i) 2,5,6-Trimethyloctane
ii) 2,4-Dimethylpentane
c) Suggest the suitable technique for separation of organic compounds given in the data.
i) Aniline-water mixture
ii) Glycerol from spent-lye
Answer:
a) Inductive effect:
If more electronegative atom X linked to a carbon atom then the bonded electron pair will be shifted more towards X. So X acquires a small negative charge and carbon get a small charge. So this carbon atom attracts the a bonded electron pair towards its from nearest carbon atom. Therefore the change is transferred from one carbon to other.

Nucleophile :
Nucleus loving species negatively charge species like \(\overline { OH } \), \(\overline { X } \) etc. are called nucleophiles.
b) 2,5,6-Trimethyloctane

c) i) Fractional distillation.
ii) Distillation under reduced pressure.

Question 11.
Compounds having the same molecular formula exhibit different properties is called isomerism. Explain different types of isomerism with examples.
Answer:
Chain isomerism: Consider the molecular formula C₅H₁₂ the following 3 isomers are possible for this compound.
They are

Position isomerism:
This isomerism arises as a result of the difference in the position of double bond triple bond and functional group.
The following chain isomers are possible for the molecular formula C₄H₈.
CH₂ = CH – CH₂ – CH₃ 1-butene
CH₃ – CH = CH – CH₃ 2-butene

Metamerism:
This isomerism arises as a result of the difference in the alkyl group present on either side of the functional group.
Consider the molecular formula C₄H₁₀O. The following two metamers are possible for this molecular formula.
CH₃ – O – CH₂ -CH₂ -CH₃ Methyl propyl ether
CH₃ – CH₂ – O – CH₂ – CH₃ Diethyl ether

Functional group isomerism:
Consider the molecular formula C₂H₆O the following two functional isomers are possible for this compound.
1) CH₃-CH₂-OH Ethanol
2) CH₃ – O – CH₃ Di methyl ether

Question 12.
Why is nitric acid added to sodium extract before adding silver nitrate for testing halogens?
Answer:
Sodium extract is boiled with nitric acid to decompose NaCN and Na₂S, if present,

If the sodium extract is not boiled with nitric acid then NaCN and Na₂S formed will react with AgN03 and hence will interfere with the test as shown below:

Students can Download Chapter 12 Thermodynamics Questions and Answers, Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 12 Thermodynamics

Plus One Physics Thermodynamics One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
If the pressure and the volume of certain quantity of ideal gas are halved, then its temperature
(a) is doubled
(b) becomes one-fourth
(c) remains constant
(d) is halved
Answer:
(b) becomes one-fourth
According to ideal gas law

Question 2.
The ideal gas equation connecting pressure (P), volume (V) and absolute temperature (T) is

where k_B is the Boltzmann constant and N is the number of molecules.
Answer:
c) PV = k_BNT
According to ideal gas equation,
PV = Nk_BT.

Question 3.
Which of the following laws of thermodynamics forms the basis for the definition of temperature?
(a) First law
(b) Zeroth law
(c) Second law
(d) Third’law
Answer:
(b) Zeroth law
The Zeroth law of thermodynamics gives the definition of temperature.

Question 4.
Which of the following is a true statement?
(a) The total entropy of thermally interacting systems is conserved
(b) Carnot engine has 100% efficiency
(c) Total entropy does not change in a reversible process.
(d) Total entropy in an irreversible process can either increase or decrease.
Answer:
(c) Total entropy does not change in a reversible process.

Question 5.
In a given process of an ideal gas, dW = 0 and dQ < 0. Then for the gas
(a) the temperature will decrease,
(b) the volume will increase
(c) the pressure will remain constant
(d) the temperature will increase
Answer:
(a) From first law of thermodynamics
dQ = dU + dW
dQ = dU (if dW = 0)
Since, dQ < 0
dU < 0
or U_final < U_intial
Hence, temperature will decrease.

Question 6.
An electric fan is switched on in a closed room will the air of the room be cooled?
Answer:
No. Infact speed of air molecules will increase and this results in increase in temperature.

Question 7.
When an iron nail is hammered, if becomes hot. Why?
Answer:
The kinetic energy of hammer gets converted in to heat energy which increases temperature of iron nail.

Question 8.
Identify the thermodynamic process in which temperature of system may increase even when no heat is supplied to the system.
Answer:
Adiabatic process.

Question 9.
Which thermodynamic variable is defined by first law of thermodynamics?
Answer:
Internal energy

Question 10.
The door of an operating refrigerator kept open in a closed room. Will it make the room cool?
Answer:
No. The room will be slightly warmed.

Plus One Physics Thermodynamics Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A Carnot engine working between 300K and 600K has a work output of 800J per cycle. Find the amount of energy consumed per cycle

• 800J
• 400J
• 1600J
• 1200J
• 3200J

Answer:
Efficiency of carrots engine

Efficiency also can be written as

∴ input power = 1600 J.

Question 2.
A carnote’s engine is made to work between 200°C and 0°C first and then between 0°C and minus 200°C. Compare the values of efficiencies in the two cases.
Answer:
Case -1:

= 1 – 0.577
= 0.42 = 42%
Case – 2:
η = 1 – \(\frac{73}{473}\)
T2 = -200 = 73k
= 1 – 0.26 = 0.73
= 73%
T₁ = 0 = 273k.

Question 3.
Match the following

Answer:

Question 4.
What is the value of specific heat capacity of gas in

1. Isothermal process
2. Adiabatic process

Answer:

1. Infinite
2. Zero

Question 5.
Is the function of refrigerator against the second law of thermodynamics? Explain.
Answer:
No. The refrigerator transfers heat from the inside space to outer atmosphere, at the expense of external work supplied by the compresser fed by electric supply.

Plus One Physics Thermodynamics Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Heat is supplied to a system, but its internal energy does not increase

1. Which process is involved in this case? (1)
2. Obtain an expression for the work done in the above process (2)

Answer:
1. Isothermal process.

2. Work done by adiabatic process
Let an ideal gas undergoes adiabatic charge from (P₁, V₁, T₁) to (P₂, V₂, T₂). The equation for adiabatic charge is
PV^γ = constant = k
ie; P₁V₁^γ = P₂V₂^γ = k _____(a)
The work done by

from equation (a) P₁V₁^γ = P₂V₂^γ = k

Substituting ideal gas equation.

Question 2.
A heat engine is a device which effectively converts heat energy into mechanical energy.

1. State the law which describes this principle. (1)
2. Derive an expression for the efficiency of a Carnot engine. (2)

Answer:
1. Kelvin – Plank statement:
No process is possible whose sole result is the absorption of heat from a reservoir and complete conversion of heat into work.

Clausius statement:
No process is possible whose sole result is the transfer of heat from a colder object to hotter object.

2. Carnot’s cycle:
The Carnot cycle consists of two isothermal processes and two adiabatic processes.

Let the working substance in Carnot’s engine be the ideal gas.
Step 1: The gas absorbs heat Q₁ from hot reservoir at T₁ and undergoes isothermal expansion from (P₁, V₁, T₁) to (P₂, V₂, T₁).

Step 2: Gas undergoes adiabatic expansion from (P₂, V₂, T₁) to (P₃, V₃, T₂)

Step 3: The gas release heat Q₂ to cold reservoir at T₂, by isothermal compression from (P₃, V₃, T₂) to (P₄, V₄, T₂).

Step 4: To take gas into initial state, work is done on gas adiabatically [(P₄, V₄, T₂) to (P₁, V₁, T₁)]. Efficiency of Carnot’s engine:

Question 3.
A thermo flask contains coffee. It is violently shaken. Considering the coffee as a system:

1. does its temperature rise?
2. has heat been added to its?
3. has internal energy changed?

Explain your answers.
Answer:

1. Yes
2. Heat is added to coffee
3. Internal energy is changed
4. When we shake, the mechanical energy is added to the liquid contained in a flask.

Question 4.
It is predicted by the meteorologists that global warming will result in the flooding of oceans due to the melting of ice caps on the earth.

1. Name the thermodynamic process involved in the melting of ice.
2. Determine the heat energy required to melt 5kg of ice completely at 0°C. Latent heat of fusion of water is 3336 × 10³ J Kg^-1.
3. During the melting process, what change will occur to its internal energy?

Answer:

1. Isothermal process
2. ∆Q = mL = 5 × 33.36 × 10⁵ = 16.68 × 10⁶J
3. Internal energy increases

Question 5.
Water is heated in an open vessel.

1. This process is
   • isothermal
   • isobaric
   • isochoric
   • adiabatic
2. Which law of thermodynamics is suitable to explain the transfer of heat here?
3. Draw the heat-temperature graph of ice below 0°C heated up to steam above 100°C.

Answer:
1. Isobaric
2. First law of thermodynamics
3.

Question 6.

1. The molar heat capacity of oxygen at constant volume is 20J mol^-1K^-1. What do you mean by molar heat capacity at constant volume (C_V)?
2. The difference between C_P and C_V is always a constant. Give a mathematical proof.

Answer:
1. Molar specific heat at constant volume is the heat required to raise the temperature of I mol substance by IK at constant volume.

2. According to 1^st law of thermodynamics
∆Q = ∆U + PAV
If ∆Q heat is absorbed at constant volume (∆V = 0).

From ideal gas equation for one mole PV = RT. Differentiating w.r.t. temperature (at constant pressure

Equation (4) – Equation (1), we get
C_P – C_V = R.

Question 7.
A heat engine is a device which converts heat energy into work.

1. What is the working substance in an ideal heat engine.
2. A Carnot engine is working between in melting point and steam point. What is its efficiency?

Answer:
1. Ideal gas.

2. T₂ = 0°C = 273K
T₁ = 100°C = 373K
Efficiency η = I – \(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}}=I-\frac{273}{373}\)
η = 0.27
η = 27%.

Question 8.
A gas is taken in a cylinder. The walls of the cylinder is insulated from the surroundings

1. The gas in a cylinder is suddenly compressed. Which thermo dynamic process involves in this statement. Explain the thermo dynamic process.
2. If gas is suddenly compressed to 1/4^th of its, original volume. Calculate the rise in temperature. The initial temperature was 27°C and γ = 1.5.

Answer:
1. Adiabatic. A thermo dynamic process in which no heat enters or leaves the system.

2. T. = 27°C = 27 + 273 = 300k

= 300 × 4^{1.5 – 1}
= 300 × 4^1/2
= 600K
rise in temperature = 600K – 300K = 300K.

Question 9.
Raju brought a motor pump from a shop. The efficiency of the motor pump is printed on the label as 60%.

1. The efficiency of a water pump is 60%. What is . meant by this?
2. Can you design an engine of 100% efficiency? Justify your answer.

Answer:
1. Efficiency means that, 60% of the total energy received is converted into useful work.

2. The efficiency of heat engine η = 1 – \(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}}\). The efficiency will be 100% if T₂ = OK, both those conditions cannot be attained practically. So art engine can’t have 100% efficiency.

Question 10.
Categorise into reversible and irreversible process

1. Waterfall
2. rusting of iron
3. electrolysis
4. slow compression
5. diffusion of gas
6. melting of ice
7. dissolving NaCl in water
8. flow of heat from hot body to cold body
9. slow compression of spring
10. heat produced by friction.

Answer:
Reversible process → (3), (4), (6) and (9)
Irreversible process → (1), (2), (5), (7), (8) and (10)

Plus One Physics Thermodynamics NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A geyser heats water flowing at the rate of 3.0 litres per minute from 27°C to 77°C. If the geyser operates on a gas burner, what is the rate of consumption of the fuel if its heat of combustion is 4.0 × 10⁴ Jg^-1?
Answer:
Volume of water heated = 3.0 litre per minute
mass of water heated, m = 3000 g per minute
increase in temperature, ∆T = 77°C – 27°C = 50°C
specific heat of water, c= 4.2Jg^{-1 °}C^-1
amount of heat used, Q = mc ∆T
or Q = 3000 g min^-1 × 4.2Jg^-1
°C^-1 × 50°C
= 63 × 10⁴J min^-1
rate of combustion of fuel = \(\frac{63 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{Jmin}^{-1}}{4.0 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{Jg}^{-1}}\)
= 15.75gmin^-1.

Question 2.
What amount of heat must be supplied to 2.0 x 10^-2 kg of nitrogen (at room temperature) to raise its temperature by 45°C at constant pressure? (Molecular mass of N₂ = 28, R = 8.3 J mol^-1 K^-1).
Answer:
m = 2 × 10³ kg^-1 = 20g,
∆T = 45°C, M = 28
R = 8.3 J mol^-1 K^-1, M = 28
Number of moles, n = \(\frac{m}{M}=\frac{20}{28}=\frac{5}{7}\)
Since nitrogen is diatomic,
∴ C_P = \(\frac{7}{2}\)
R = \(\frac{7}{2}\) × 8.3 J mol^-1K^-1
Now, ∆Q = nC_P ∆T
= \(\frac{5}{2}\) × \(\frac{7}{2}\) × 8.3 × 45J = 933.75J.

Question 3.
A cylinder with a movable piston contains 3 moles of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure. The walls of the cylinder are made of a heat insulator, and the piston is insulated by having a pile of sand on it. By what factor does the pressure of the gas increase if the gas, is compressed to half its original volume?
Answer:
P₂V₂^γ = P₁V₁^γ

Question 4.
A steam engine delivers 5.4 × 10⁸ J of work per minute and services 3.6 × 10⁹J of heat per minute from its boiler. What is the efficiency of the engine? How much heat is wasted per minute?
Answer:
Work done per minute, output = 5.4 × 10⁸J
Heat absorbed per minute, input = 3.6 × 10⁹J
Efficiency, η = \(\frac{5.4 \times 10^{8}}{3.6 \times 10^{9}}\) = 0.15
%η = 0.15 × 100 = 15
Heat energy wasted/ minute = Heat energy absorbed/minute – Useful work done/minute
= 3.6 × 10⁹ – 5.4 × 10⁸
= (3.6 – 0.54) × 10⁹ = 3.06 × 10⁹J.

Question 5.
An electric heater supplies heat to a system at a rate of 100W. If system performs work at a rate of 75 joule per second, at what rate is the internal energy increasing?
Answer:
Heat supplied, ∆Q = 100W = 10OJs^-1
Useful work done, ∆W = 75J s^-1
Using first law of thermodynamics
∆Q = ∆U+ ∆W
∆U = ∆Q – ∆W
= 100Js^-1 – 75Js^-1 = 25Js^-1.

Question 6.
A refrigerator is to maintain eatables kept inside at 9°C. If room temperature is 36°C, calculate the coefficient of performance.
Answer:
T₁ = 36°C = (36 + 273) K = 309 K
T₂ = 9°C = (9 + 273) K = 282 K
Coefficient of performance = \(\frac{T_{2}}{T_{1}-T_{2}}\)

Question 7.
Molar volume is the volume occupied by 1 mol of any (ideal) gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP: 1 atmospheric pressure, 0°C). Show that it is 22.4 litres.
Answer:
PV = µRT or V = \(\frac{\mu \mathrm{RT}}{\mathrm{P}}\)

= 22.4 × 10^-3 m³ = 22.4 litre.

Students can Download Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter Questions and Answers, Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 11 Thermal Properties of Matter

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In which of the following processes, convection does nottake place primarily?
(a) Sea and land breeze
(b) Boiling of water
(c) Warming of glass of bulb due to filament
(d) Heating air around a furnace
Answer:
(c) Warming of glass of bulb due to filament
In convection process, the heat is transferred by the bodily motion of the heated particles. It is not so in case of warming of glass bulb due to filament heating. In fact, warming of glass bulb is due to radiation.

Question 2.
\(\frac{\text { Watt }}{\text { Kelvin }}\) a unit of
(a) Stefan’s constant
(b) Wien’s constant
(c) Cooling’s constant
(d) Thermal conductance
Answer:
(d) Thermal resistance

Question 3.
For measuring temperatures in the range of 2000°C, we should employ
(a) gas thermometer
(b) platinum-rhodium thermometer
(c) barometer
(d) pyrometer
Answer:
(d) pyrometer

Question 4.
There is a hole in metal disc. What happens to the size of metal disc if the metal disc is heated?
Answer:
The size of hole increases.

Question 5.
Which has more specific heat capacity, water, and sand?
Answer:
Water.

Question 6.
Two solid spheres of the same material have the same radius but one is hollow while the other is solid. Both spheres are heated to same temperature. Then
(a) the solid sphere expands more
(b) the hollow sphere expands more
(c) expansion is same for both
(d) nothing can be solid about their relative expansion if their masses are not given
Answer:
(c) expansion is same for both

Question 7.
The sprinkling of water reduces slightly the temperature of a closed room because
(a) temperature of water is less than that of the room.
(b) specific heat of water is high
(c) water has large latent heat of vaporisation
(d) water is a bad conductor of heat
Answer:
(c) water has large latent heat of vaporisation
When water is sprinkled over a large area, evaporation takes place. As the latent heat of vaporisation is large cooling takes place.

Question 8.
Why specific heat of gas at constant pressure (C_p) is greater than specific heat at constant volume?
Answer:
More heat is required to raise the temperature of gas at constant pressure than at constant volume.

Question 9.
A body is heated. But there is no change in its temperature. Is it possible?
Answer:
Yes. During change of state, there will be no increase in temperature even when heat is supplied.

Question 10.
When boiling water is put in glass tumbler, the tumbler cracks. Why?
Answer:
Glass is poor conductor of heat. So inner and outer surfaces of tumbler suffer uneven expension. Hence it breaks.

Question 11.
A small space is left between two rails on railway track. Why?
Answer:
If no space is left, the rails would bend due to thermal expansion in summer. So small space is left between two rails to allow thermal expansion.

Question 12.
The pendulum of clock is made of invar, Why?
Answer:
Invar has low value of coefficient of linear expansion. So length of pendulum remains almost same in all seasons. (The change in length affects time period of pendulum).

Question 13.
Tea gets cooled, when sugar is added to it. Why?
Answer:
When sugar is added, heat content of tea gets shared with sugar & hence’ temperature decreases.

Question 14.
Ice covered in gunny bag does not melt for a long time. Why?
Answer:
A gunny bag is poor conduct of heat & hence it does not allow external heat to enter.

Question 15.
Why two layers of cloth of equal thickness provide warmer covering than a single layer of cloth of double the thickness?
Answer:
Because air between two layers of clothes is a bad ‘ conductor of heat.

Question 16.
On winter nights, we feel warmer when clouds cover the sky than the sky is clear. Why?
Answer:
The clouds are bad conductor of heat. So heat of earth’s atmosphere is not conducted out.

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
1. Two bodies at different temperatures T₁K and T₂K are brought in contact with each other

• Is the resultant temperature be necessarily (T₁ + T₂)/2? If not, Why?
• Should the resultant temperature be between T₁ and T₁ only? If not, Why?

Answer:
1. Two bodies at different temperatures:

• The resultant temperature may not be necessarily \(\left(\frac{T_{1}+T_{2}}{2}\right)\). Because specific heat capacity is different for all substances.
• If heat is not lost to the surroundings, resultant temperature must lie in between T₁ and T₂.

Question 2.
A Patient is admitted to hospital. The temperature of the patient is measured by nurse and is found to be 97.6°F

1. What is meant by temperature?
2. Convert the temperature (97.6°F) is to centigrade

Answer:
1. Temperature is the degree of hotness.

2.

Question 3.
Why iron rims are heated red hot before being put on the cart wheels?
Answer:
The radius of iron rim is smaller than radius of cart wheel. When iron rim is heated, its radius increases due to thermal expansion. After rim has planted on the wheel, iron rim is allowed to cool. Then it fits tightly on the wheel due to thermal contraction.

Question 4.
How woolen clothes helps us in winter against cold?
Answer:
Wool is a heat insulator. Moreover, it contains a layer of dry air in it. This air, which is bad conductor of heat does not allow the body heat to escape & it also does not allow external cold to come in. The rough surface of woollen clothes absorbs more and reflects less heat falling on it.

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A Solid material is supplied with heat at constant rate. The temperature of the material is changing with the heat input as shown in figure.

1. What do the horizontal region AB and CD represent?
2. What does the slope of DE represent?
3. The slope of OA is greater than the slope of BC. What does this indicate?

Answer:

1. Latent heat of fusion, Latent heat of vaporization
2. It indicates that, the material is in vapour state
3. It indicates that latent heat of vaporization of the material is greater than the latent heat of fusion.

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A copper block of mass 2.5kg is heated in a furnace to a temperature of 500°C and then placed on a large ice block. What is the maximum amount of ice that can melt? (Specific heat of copper = 0.39Jg^-1 K^-1; latent heat of fusion of water = 335 Jg^-1).
Answer:
Mass, m = 2.5kg
= 2.5 × 10³ g;
Change in temperature, ∆T = 500°C
Specific heat, c = 0.39 Jg^-1K^-1;
Latent heat of fusion, L = 335Jg^-1
If m’ be the mass of ice melted, then m’L = mc ∆T
or m’ × 335 = 2.5 × 10³ × 0.39 × 500 2.5 × 103 × 0.39 × 500
or m’ = \(\frac{2.5 \times 10^{3} \times 0.39 \times 500}{335} \mathrm{g}\)
= 1.5 kg.

Question 2.
Heat from the sun reaches the earth.

1. Write the method of transmission of heat.
2. Thermal conductivity of Aluminium is 205 Jm^-1s^-1deg^-1. What do you mean by this?
3. Birds swell feathers in winter. Why?

Answer:
1. Radiation, conduction, convenction.

2. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of a substance is defind as the quauitity of heat conducted normally persecond through unit area of the substance per unit temperature gradient when the substance attains steady state.

3. By doing so the birds enclose air between the feathers. Air being a poor conductor, prevents the loss of heat from the body of the bird to the cold surroundings.

Question 3.
Two accidents are happened. The first one with water at 100°C and the second one with steam at 100°C.

1. Which is dangerous burn due to water at 100°C, and bum due to steam at 100°C? Why?
2. Latent heat of vapourisation of water to 536 cal/g. Explain the idea of latent heat of vopourisation.
3. Find the heat required to convert 1g of ice at 0°C to steam at 100°C is

Answer:
1. Burn due to steam is more dangerous, because heat content in steam is very high compared to 100°C water.

2. Latent heat of vapourisation is the amount of heat required to change the state of 1 kg water in to vapour.

3. Q = ML + MC∆Q + ML¹

= 716 cal.

Question 4.
When a fluid is heated, the particle rises up.

1. Name the phenomonon behind it.
2. Explain the formation of land breeze and sea breeze.

Answer:
1. Convection

2. During the day, land heats up more quickly than, water in lake (due to high specific heat capacity of water). The air on the surface of earth gets heated, expands, becomes less dense and rises up. The colder air (wind) replaces the space created by hot air.

It creates a sea breeze. At night the land loses its heat very quickly than water. So water remains more warmer at night.

Plus One Physics Thermal Properties of Matter NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A 10kW drilling machine is used to drill a bore in a small aluminium block of mass 8.0kg. How much is the rise in temperature of the block in 2.5 minutes, assuming 50% of power is used up in heating the machine itself or lost to the surroundings? Specific heat of aluminium = 0.19Jg^-1 K^-1.
Answer:
Power, P = 10 kW
= 10 × 10³W
= 10⁴W
Mass, m = 8 kg; Time, t = 2.5min = 150s
Specific heat, c = 0.91Jg^-1K^-1
= 0.91 × 10³Jkg^-1K^-1
Energy, Q = pt = 10⁴ × 150J = 1.5 × 10⁶J
It is given that 50% of energy is lost to the. surroundings. So, energy absorbed by the block is given by
Q = \(\frac{1}{2}\) × 1.5 × 10⁶J = 0.75 × 10⁶J
But Q = mc∆T
∴ ∆T

Question 2.
A brass boiler has a base area of 0.15m2 and thickness 1.0cm. It boils water at the rate of 6.0 kg/min when placed on a gas stove. Estimate the temperature of the part of the flame in contact with the boiler. Thermal conductivity of brass = 109 J s^-1 m^-1K^-1;
Heat of vaporisation of water = 2256 × 10³ J kg^-1.
Answer:
A = 0.15m², d = 10^-2m,
\(\frac{m}{t}=\frac{6}{60}\) kgs^-1 = 0.1kgs^-1,
K = 109J s^-1 m^-1 K^-1, L = 2256 × 10³ Jkg^-1,
θ₁ = ?,
θ₂ = 100°C

Question 3.
Explain why?
(a) A body with large reflectivity is a poor emitter.
(b) A brass tumbler feels much colder than a wooden tray on a chilly day.
(c) An optical pyrometer (for measuring high temperature) calibrated for an ideal black body radiation gives too low a value for the temperature of a red hot iron piece in the open, but gives a correct value for the temperature when the same piece is in the furnace.
(d) The earth without its. atmosphere would be inhospitably cold?
(e) Heating systems based on circulation of steam are more efficient in warming a building than heating system based on circulation of hot water.
Answer:
(a) a body whose reflectivity is large would naturally absorb less heat. So, a body with large reflectivity is a poor.

(b) The thermal conductivity of brass is high i.e., brass „ is a good conductor of heat. So, when a brass tumbler is touched, heat quickly flows from human body to tumbler. Consequently, the tumbler appears colder. On the other hand, wood is a bad conductor, so, heat does not flow from the human body to the wooden tray in this case. Thus, it appears comparatively hotter.

(c) Let T the temperature of the hot iron in the furnace. Heat radiated per second per unit area, E = σT⁴

Students can Download Chapter 11 The p Block Elements Questions and Answers, Plus One Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 11 The p Block Elements

Plus One Chemistry The p Block Elements One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The aqueous solution of borax is
a) Acidic
b) Alkaline
c) Neutral
d) Amphoteric
Answer:
b) Alkaline

Question 2.
Say TRUE or FALSE.
Boron in aqueous solution forms B³⁺ ion.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Which of the halide of group 14 does not exist?
a) CF₄
b) Cl₄
c) SiF₄
d) Pbl₄
Answer:
d) Pbl₄

Question 4.
Orthoboric acid, H₃BO₃ is a
a) Protonic acid
b) Arrhenius acid
c) Lewis acid
d) Bronsted-Lowery acid
Answer:
c) Lewis acid

Question 5.
The zeolite used as a catalyst in petrochemical industries for cracking of hydrocarbons and isomerization is _________ .
Answer:
ZSM-5

Question 6.
Dry ice is __________ .
Answer:
Solid CO₂

Question 7.
Thermodynamically most stable allotrope of carbon is __________ .
Answer:
Graphite

Question 8.
The alkalimetal used in solar cells is __________ .
Answer:
Cs (Caesium)

Question 9.
Acidity is in the order
Answer:
BBr₃ > BCl₃ > BF₃

Question 10.
AlCl₃ fumes in most air because
Answer:
HCl is formed due to hydrolysis in moist air

Plus One Chemistry The p Block Elements Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Silicon belongs to the carbon family. Graphite is an important allotrope of carbon. But Si does not form an analogue of graphite. What are the possible reasons?
Answer:
Silicon atom is much bigger in size than carbon. Si-Si bond energy is less than C-C bond energy and also Si does not form compounds in sp² hybrid state.

Question 2.
Boron is an element with atomic number 5.
a) Write down the electronic configuration of boron.
b) Mention any two uses of boron.
c) Write down some compounds of boron.
Answer:
a) 1s²2s²2p¹
b) To increase the hardness of the steel.
Used as the semiconductor in electronic devices.
c) Diborane, borax, orthoboric acid, boron trifluoride

Question 3.
Answer the questions, with the help of the following:

• Hard solid
• Melting point above 450 K.
• Four allotropic forms are known.
• Low electrical conductivity.
• Mass number! 3

1. Which is the element?
2. Write any two uses of this element.
3.
4. Write any three compounds of this element.
Answer:
1. Boron
2. To increase hardness of steel
As semiconductor in electric devices
3. 2B
4. Diborane, Borax, Boric acid

Question 4.
1. Write any two allotropic forms of carbon.
2. C + ½ O₂ → …………….
3. Write any two uses of carbon monoxide.
4. How is carbon dioxide produced?
5. What is the hardest element/form of an element in the world?
Answer:
1. Diamond, Graphite
2. CO (Carbon monoxide)
3. Reducing agent in metallurgy
Used in the manufacture of methanol
4. Carbon dioxide is formed by the complete combustion of carbon.
C + O₂ → CO₂
5. Diamond

Question 5.
From the compounds of group 14 elements write an appropriate example for each of the following:

Answer:
1-CO
2-SiO₂
3-SnCl₂
4-CCl₄

Question 6.
Diborane has an unusual structure. Justify the statement with figure.
Answer:
In diborane, each Batom uses sp³ hybrid orbitals for bonding. Out of the four sp³ hybrid orbitals on each B atom, one is without an electron. The terminal B-H bonds are normal 2-centre-2-electron bonds but the two bridge bonds are 3-centre-2-electron bonds. The 3-centre-2-electron bridge bonds are also referred to as banana bonds.

Question 7.
Match the following:

Answer:
CO – ii,
N₂ – iii,
O₃ – iv,
Boron – i

Question 8.
BCl₃ fumes in moist air.
1. Give reason.
2. Write down a balanced equation that can reveal the answer.
Answer:
1. When water of moist air reacts with boron halide hydrogen chloride is formed which causes fumes,

2. BCl₃ + 3H₂O → H₃BO₃ + 3HCl

Question 9.
‘Generally, non-metal oxides are basic.’
1. Do you agree?
2. What do you meant by oxides?
3. Which are the different types of oxides?
4. Give examples for each type of oxides.
Answer:
1. No. Generally, non metallic oxides are acids.
2. The binary compounds formed by the combination of oxygen with metals or nonmetals are called oxides.
3. Acidic oxides, basic oxide, amphoteric oxide, neutral oxide.
4. Acidic oxide → SO₂, NO₂
Basic oxide → MgO
Amphoteric oxide → Al₂O₃, ZnO
Neutral oxide → CO, N₂O

Question 10.
Match the following:
1. Borane – H₃BO₃
2. Boric acid – Na₂B₄O₇.10H₂O
3. Borax – Amphoteric oxide
4. Al₂O₃ – Boron hydride
Answer:
1. Borane – Boron hydride
2. Boric acid – H₃BO₃
3. Borax – Na₂B₄O₇.10H₂0
4. Al₂O₃ – Amphoteric oxide

Question 11.
How diborane reacts with
1. Oxygen?
2. Water?
Answer:
1. Diborane catches fire spontaneously upon exposure to air. It burns in oxygen releasing an enormous amount of energy.
B₂H₆ + 3O₂ → B₂O₂ + 3H₂O; ∆_rH^Θ -1976 kJ mol^-1

2. Diborane is readily hydrolysed by water to give boric acid.
B₂H₆(g) + 6H₂O(l) → 2B(OH)₃(aq) + 6H₂(g)

Question 12.
1. CCl₄ cannot be hydrolysed. Give reason.
2. Draw the structure of the dimer of AlCl₃.
Answer:
1. Carbon has no d orbitals to accommodate the lone pair of electrons from oxygen atom of H₂0.
2.

Question 13.
1. Draw the structure of boric acid.
2. Starting from borax how will you prepare boric acid? (Write the chemical equation).
Answer:
1.

2. Na₂B₄O₇ + 2HCl + 5H₂O → 2NaCl + 4B(OH)₃.

Question 14.
CO₂ is a gas but SiO₂ is a solid. Give reason.
Answer:
CO₂ exists as discrete molecules due to the formation of pπ -pπ double bond between carbon and oxygen. But SiO₂ has a three dimensional network structure in which each Si atom is covalently bonded in a tetrahedral manner to four oxygen atoms.

Question 15.
1. What are zeolites?
2. What is ZSM-5?
Answer:
1. Zeolites are aluminosilicates with three-dimensional network structure in which Al atoms replace few Si atoms. Cations such as Na⁺, K⁺ or Ca²⁺ balance the negative charge of aluminosilicate anion.

2. ZSM-5 is a zeolite catalyst used in petrochemical industry to convert alcohols directly into gasoline.

Plus One Chemistry The p Block Elements Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the following:
1. Allotropy
2. Coke and Charcoal
Answer:
1. The phenomenon of existence of an element in two or more forms, which have different physical properties but almost similar chemical properties, is called allotropy and the different forms are called allotropes.

2. Coke and Charcoal are amorphous forms of carbon. Coke is formed-by the destructive distillation of coal. It is used as a fuel and also as a reducing agent in metallurgy.

Question 2.
Give justifications.
1. The first ionisation enthalpy of carbon is greater than that of boron, whereas the reverse is correct for the second ionisation enthalpy.
2. Graphite is a better lubricant on moon than that on earth.
Answer:
1. This is because carbon has greater nuclear charge. For second ionisation enthalpy, an electron is to be removed from 2p of carbon while in boron the second electron is in 2s orbital. Removal of a 2s electron is more difficult due to the high penetrating power of 2s orbital.

2. Graphite contains hexagonal sheets of carbon held together by weak van der Waals’ forces and low density. In the moon, the different layers experience less weight due to less gravitational force and the density is still reduced. The lighter layers can easily slide over another to make graphite more lubricating on the moon than on earth.

Question 3.
1. Identify the compound with the following structure:

2. Mention the angles a & b.
3. Write down the corresponding elements in the figure.
1……………..
2……………..
3……………..
4……………..
5……………..
6……………..
Answer:
a) Diborane(B₂H₆).
b) a-97°
b-120°
c) 1-H, 2-H, 3-B, 4-B, 5-H, 6-H

Question 4.
The simplest boron hydride is diborane.
1. Write down the molecular formula of diborane.
2. Distinguish between terminal hydrogen and bridging hydrogen atoms of diboran.
Answer:
1. B₂H₆

2. In diborane, four hydrogen atoms and two boron atoms are present in a single plane. These hydrogen atoms are called terminal atoms. The terminal B-H bonds are regular two centre-two electron bonds. The remaining two hydrogen atoms above and below this plane are called bridging hydrogen atoms. The two bridge bonds (B-H-B) are three centre-two electron bonds.

Question 5.
1. How is orthoboric acid prepared?
2. Account for the acidic nature of orthoboric acid.
Answer:
1. Orthoboric acid is prepared by acidifying an
aqueous solution of borax.
Na₂B₄O₇ + 2HCl + 5H₂O → 2NaCl + 4B(OH)₃

2. Orthoboric acid is a weak nonobasic acid. It acts as a Lewis acid by accepting electrons from a hydroxyl ion.
B(OH)₃ + 2HOH → [B(OH)₃]^– + H₃O⁺

Question 6.
1. How is diborane prepared in the laboratory?
2. BCl₃ is a good Lewis acid. Why?
Answer:
1. Diborane can be conveniently prepared in the laboratory by the oxidation of sodium borohydride with iodine.
2NaBH₄ + l₂ → B₂H₆ + 2Nal + H₂

2. In BCl₃, the central boron atom contains only six electrons. Hence, it has the tendency to accept electrons and acts as a Lewis acid.

Question 7.
1. Name the allotropes of carbon.
2. Carbon monoxide is highly poisonous. Do you agree? Justify.
Answer:
1. Graphite, diamond and fullerene.

2. I agree with this statement. Because, CO has strong and reversible binding with haemoglobin resulting in the formation of carboxyhaemoglobin. This reduces the amount of haemoglobin available in blood for oxygen transport. This causes laboured respiration, muscle weakness and even death.

Question 8.
1. Diamond is hard and non conducting while graphite is soft and conducting. Why?
2. Explain the action of heat on boric acid.
3. What is inorganic benzene? How is it formed?
Answer:
1. In diamond, all the carbon atoms are in sp³ hybridised state. Due to this closely packed arrangement, it is hard. Since, there are no free electrons it is an insulator. But in graphite, the carbon atoms are in sp² hybridised state. It is a good conductor due to the presence of delocalised electrons between the layers. Graphite cleaves easily between the layers. Therefore, It is very soft and slippery.

2. On heating, orthoboric acid above 370 K forms metaboric acid, HBO₂ which on further heating yields boric oxide, B₂O₃.

3. B₃N₃H₆ is called Inorganic benzene. It is obtained by heating diborane with ammonia.

Question 9.
1. Explain the difference in properties of diamond and graphite on the basis of their structures.
2. How do you explain the lower atomic radius of gallium as compared to aluminium?
Answer:
1. In diamond, all the carbon atoms are in sp³ hybridised state. As a result of this hybridisation, a closely packed arrangement is present in diamond and it explains the hardness of diamond. Due to the absence of electrons, diamond is an insulator.

In graphite, the carbon atoms are in sp² hybridised state. As a result of this hybridisation, graphite has a layered structure with hexagonal rings. Each layer can slide over the other which explains the lubricating property of graphite.

2. This can be explained on the basis of the variation in the inner core of the electronic configuration. The presence of additional 10 d-electrons offer only poor screening effect for the outer electrons from the increased nuclear charge in gallium. Consequently, the atomic redius of gallium (135 pm) is less than that of aluminium (143 pm).

Question 10.
1. Boron resembles silicon in many of its properties. What is this resemblance generally known as?
2. What is dry ice? What is it used for?
3. What are silicones? How do they differ from silicates?
Answer:
1. Diagonal relationship

2. Carbon dioxide can be obtained as a solid in the form of dry ice, by allowing the liquified CO₂ to expand rapidly.
Dry ice is used as a refrigerant for ice-cream and frozen food.

3. Silicones are a group of organosilicon polymers containing R₂SiO repeating units.
Silicates are minerals with SiO₄^4- as the basic structural unit. In silicates either the discrete unit is present or a number of such units are joined together via corners by sharing 1, 2, 3 or 4 oxygen atoms per silicate units.

Plus One Chemistry The p Block Elements Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:
1 – c – f
2 – a – h
3 – b – g
4 – d – e

Question 2.
a) Elements of group 13 are
1) Al, Cr, Cd, Ga, Ti
2) B, C, Si, Ga, Ti
3) B, Al, Ga, Ti, In
4) B, Al, Cr, Ca, Ti
b) Which of the following is not a mineral of boron? (borax, bauxite, colemanite, tincal)
c) In the reaction between NH₃ and BF₃ ammonia acts as
(Lewis base, Lewis acid, brownsted base)
d) Diamond and Graphite are carbon’s
(isotropic forms, allotropic forms, isotopic forms, amorphous form)
Answer:
a) 3) B, Al, Ga, TI, In
b) Bauxite
c) Lewis base
d) allotropic forms

Question 3.
The hydrides of boron are called boranes.
1. How diborane reacts with ammonia?
2. Account for the exceptional hardness of diamond.
Answer:
1. Diborane reacts with ammonia to give B₂H₆.2NH₃
initially, which can be formulated as [BH₂(NH₃)₂]⁺[BH₄]^–. Further heating gives borazine, B₃N₃H₆ known as ‘inorganic benzene’ in view of its ring structure with alternate B-H and N-H groups,

2. In diamond, all the carbon atoms are in sp3 hybridised state. As a result of this hybridisation, a rigid three dimensional network of carbon atom is generated with directional covalent bonds throughout the lattice. It is very difficult to break this network structure.

Plus One Chemistry The p Block Elements NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why does boron trifluoride behave as a Lewis acid? (2)
Answer:
The B atom in BF₃ has only 6 electrons in the valence shell and thus needs two more electrons to complete its octet. Therefore, it easily accepts a pair of electrons from nucleophiles such as F^–, NH₃, (C₂H₅)₂O, RCH₂OH etc. and thus behaves as a Lewis acid.

Question 2.
Explain why is there a phenomenal decrease in ionisation enthalpy from carbon to silicon? (2)
Answer:
Due to increase in atomic size and screening effect the force of attraction of the nucleus for the valence electron decreases considerably in Si as compared to C. As a result, there is a phenomenal decrease in ionisation enthalpy from carbon to silicon.

Question 3.
Consider the compounds, BCl₃ and CCl₄. How will they behave with water? (2)
Answer:
The B atom in BCl₃ has only six electrons in the valence shell and hence is an electron-deficient molecule. It easily accepts a pair of electrons donated by water and hence BCl₃ undergoes hydrolysis to form boric acid (H₃BO₃) and HCl.
BCl₃ + 3H₂O → H₃BO₃ + 3HCl

In contrast, C atom in CCl₄ has 8 electrons in the valence shell. Therefore, it is an electron-precise molecule. As a result, it neither accepts nor donates a pair of electrons. In simple words, it does not accept a pair of electrons from H₂O molecule and hence CCl₄ does not undergo hydrolysis in water.

Question 4.
Aluminium trifluoride is insoluble in anhydrous HF but dissolves on addition of NaF. Aluminium trifluoride precipitates out of the resulting solution when gaseous BF₃ is buddled through. Give reasons. (3)
Answer:
Anhydrous HF is a covalent compound and is strongly H-bonded. Therefore, it does not give free F^– ions and hence AlF₃ does not dissolve in HF. In contrast, NaF is an ionic compound and hence F^– ions are easily available. As a result, it combines with AlF₃ to form the soluble complex.
3NaF + AlF₃ → Na₃[AlF₃]

On bubbling gaseous BF₃, AlF₃ is precipitated. It is because BF₃ is a stronger Lewis acid than AlF₃. This is attributed to smaller size and higher electronegativity of Boron. As a result of this B has much higher tending to form complexes than Al. Therefore, when BF₃ is added to the above solution, AlF₃ gets precipitated.
Na₃[AlF₆] + 3BF₃ → 3Na[BF₄] + AlF₃(s)

Question 5.
In some of the reactions, thallium resembles aluminium, whereas in others it resembles with group 1 metals. Support this statement by giving some evidences. (3)
Answer:
Aluminium shows a uniform oxidation state of+3 in its compounds. Like aluminium, thallium also shows +3 oxidation state in some of its compounds like TlCl₃, Tl₂O₃, etc. Al is known to form octahedral complexes like [AlF₆]^3-. Similarly, Tl also forms octahedral complexes as [TlF₆]^3-.

Thallium also resembles group 1 metals. Like group 1 metals which show a stable oxidation state of +1 in their compounds Tl, due to inert pair effect, also shows +1 oxidation state in some of its compounds such as Tl₂O, TlCl, TlClO₄, etc. Similarly, like group 1 oxides, Tl₂O is strongly basic.

Students can Download Chapter 10 Mechanical Properties of Fluids Questions and Answers, Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Physics Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 10 Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Water is flowing through a very narrow tube. The velocity of water below which the flow remains a streamline flow is known as
(a) relative velocity
(b) terminal velocity
(c) critical velocity
(d) particle velocity
Answer:
(c) critical velocity
Critical velocity is that velocity of liquid flow, upto which the flow of liquid is a streamlined and above which its flow becomes turbulent.

Question 2.
Bernoulli’s equation for steady, non-viscous, imcompressible flow expresses the
(a) conservation of angular momentum
(b) conservation fo density
(c) conservation of momentum
(d) conservation of energy
Answer:
(d) conservation of energy

Question 3.
When cooking oil is heated in a frying pan, the oil moves around in the pan more easily when it is hot. The main reason for this is that with rise in temperature, there is a decrease in
(a) surface tension
(b) viscosity
(c) angle of contact
(d) density
Answer:
(d) density

Question 4.
At what temperature density of air is maximum?
Answer:
4°C

Question 5.
A thin glass plate is lying on a wet marble floor, It is difficult to pull the glass plate because of
(i) surface tension
(ii) Viscosity
(iii) friction
(iv) atmosphere
(v) Gravity
Answer:
(i) Viscosity

Question 6.
Why do clouds float in the sky?
Answer:
Zero terminal velocity

Question 7.
A spinning cricket ball does not follow parabolic path. Why?
Answer:
Due to the magnus effect.

Question 8.
The deep water runs slow. Why?
Answer:
According to equation of continuity velocity is inversly proportional to velocity (AV = constant). Hence deep water runs slow.

Question 9.
Why dust generally settles down in closed room?
Answer:
The dust particles (tiny spheres) acquire terminal velocity as it fall through air. The terminal velocity is directly proportional to square of radius. Hence terminal velocity of dust particle is very small. So they settle down gradually.

Question 10.
Why more viscous oil is used in summer than in winter in scooters?
Answer:
The viscosity decreases with increase in temperature.

Question 11.
Why is sand drier than clay?
Answer:
Capillary action

Question 12.
Why cotton dress is preferred in summer?
Answer:
Cotton dresses have fine pores which act as capillaries for the sweat.

Question 13.
Why oil is poured to calm the sea?
Answer:
When oil is poured in water, the surface tension of water is reduced and water spreads over large area of sea.

Question 14.
How plants draw water from ground?
Answer:
The capillary action.

Question 15.
How do insects run on the surface of water?
Answer:
Because of surface tension, the surface of water behaves like stretched membrane hence it can support weight of small insects.

Question 16.
How ploughing a field helps to retain moisture?
Answer:
When field is ploughed, capillaries are broken and hence water can not rise up and retains moisture.

Question 17.
Hot soup tastes better than cold soup. Why?
Answer:
The surface tension of hot soap is less compared to cold soap. So hot soap spreads larger area.

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Remya found that a piece of metal weighs 210 g in air and 180 g when it is immersed in water. Determine the density of the metal piece.
Answer:
Relative density,
R.D = \(\frac{\text { Weight in air }}{\text { Loss of Weight in water }}\)
= \(\frac{210}{30}\) = 7.

Question 2.
Why is hot soup tastier than cold one?
Answer:
When temperature increases, the surface tension of soap decrease. Hence hot soap can enter into tiny pours of taste buds.

Question 3.
Why straws are used to drink soft drinks?
Answer:
When we suck the straw, pressure inside straw becomes lower than atmospheric pressure. This pressure difference cause the soft drink to rise through the straw.

Question 4.
Why new earthen pots keeps water more cool than old earthen pots?
Answer:
The capillaries of old earthen pots will get blocked with passage of time. For new earthen pots, water oozes out through capillaries, gets evaporated at the surface and makes it cool.

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Air is blown in between two pith balls suspended freely.

1. What will happen to the balls?
   • They repel each other
   • They attract each other
   • They start oscillating
   • They remain in their initial position They fall on the ground
2. Give your explanation

Answer:

1. They attract each other
2. When air is blown in between two pith balls, the pressure between the balls decreases. Due to this decrease in pressure between the balls, they attract each other.

Question 2.
A child dipped two identical capillary tubes, one in a beaker containing mercury. He observed that water and mercury have risen through the tubes to a certain heights.

1. Name this phenomenon.
2. What difference did he observe in the shape of the meniscus of the two liquids in the tubes?
3. If he plots a graph connecting the radius of the capillary tube and capillary height, what will be the shape of the graph?

Answer:
1. Capillary rise.

2. The shape of the water meniscus in the tube becomes concave upwards. But the shape of mercury measures in the tube become convex upward.

3. h α \(\frac{1}{r}\), this is in the form y α \(\frac{1}{x}\)
Hence when we draw graph between ‘h’ and ‘r’ we get a graph of hyperbola.

Question 3.
Bernoulli’s theorem is a consequence of energy conservation principle. Using this theorem explain the working of atomiser.
Answer:
Atomiser (application of Bernoulli’s theorem)

Atomizer is used for getting a fine spray of perfumer or insecticide. It consists of a cylinder with a piston. A small vessel containing liquid to be sprayed is attached to the cylinder. When the piston is moved forward air is blown out through a small opening of the cylinder.

As the velocity of flow of air increases, the pressure at the opening decreases. Due to the lower pressure at the opening, the liquid rises through the narrow tube and gets sprayed out along with air.

Question 4.
Surface tension is numerically equal to the surface energy.

1. Difine surface tension.
2. Derive an expression for the rise of liquid in a capillary tube.

Answer:
1. Liquids acquire a free surface when poured in a container. These surfaces possess some additional energy. This phenomenon is known as surface tension.

2. When a drop is split into tiny droplets, the surface area increases. So work has to be done for splitting the drop. Let R be radius of the drop and r the radius of the droplets: R = 1 × 10^-3m
surface area of the drop = 4πR²
= 4π × (1 × 10^-3)²
= 4π × 10^-6m²
Volume of the drop = Volume of 10⁶ droplets

∴ Surface area of million droplets =10⁶ × 4π²
= 10⁶ × 4π(1 × 10^-5)²
= 4π × 10^-4 m²
∴ Increase in surface area = 4π × 10^-4 – 4π × 10^-6
= 3.96π × 10^-4m²
∴ Energy expended = 3.967π × 10^-4 × S
= 3.96π × 10^-4 × 72 × 10^-3J
= 8.95 × 10^-5J.

Question 5.
Match the following

Answer:
1 – C, 2 – f, 3 – e, 4 – a, 5 – b, 6 – d.

Question 6.
Give reasons for the following cases.

1. It is easier to swim in sea water than in river walls.
2. The passangers are advised to remove ink from pen while going up in an aeroplane.

Answer:
1. The density of sea water is more than that of river water due to the presence of salt. Hence sea water offers more upthrust and only a very small portion of human body will be in sea water compared to river water.

2. In ink pen, ink is filled in atmospheric pressure. As we go higher pressure decreases and hence ink will have a tendancy to come out in order to equalise the pressure.

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A large tank containing water has a small hole near the bottom of the tank 1.5 m below the surface of water.

1. What is the velocity of the water flowing from the hole?
2. Explain the principle used in deriving the velocity of water flowing from the hole.
3. Where must a second hole to be drilled so that the velocity of water leaving this hole is half of water flowing through the first hole.

Answer:
1. Velocity of water flowing through the hole
u = \( \sqrt{2 g h}\)
= \(\sqrt{2 \times 10 \times 1.5}\) = 5.47m/s.

2. Bernoulli’s theorem
As we move along a streamline the sum of the pressure (p), the kinetic energy per unit volume \(\frac{\rho v^{2}}{2}\) and the potential energy per unit volume (ρgh) remains a constant.

(OR)

Mathematically Bernoulli’s theorem can be written as
P + \(\frac{1}{2}\)ρv² + ρgh = constant.

3.

h₂ = \(\frac{1.5}{4}\) m = 0.375 m, from the top side of tank.

Question 2.
Rain drops have an average size of 1 mm when it is formed at the upper atmosphere.

1. Why the velocity of the rain drop is uniform?
2. Derive an expression for the terminal velocity of the drop in terms of coefficient of viscosity of air.
3. If the size of the rain drop become half, then what happens to its terminal speed?

Answer:
1. Due to viscous force acting on the raindrop, it moves with uniform speed.

2. Viscous force, boyancy force and weight of the body
Expression for terminal velocity:
Consider a sphere of radius ‘a’ densitity σ falling through a liquid of density a and viscocity η. The viscous force acting on the sphere can be written as
F = 6πaηv
Where v is the velocity of sphere. This force is acting in upward direction. When the viscous force is equal to the weight of the body in the medium, the net force on the body is zero. It moves with a constant velocity called the terminal velocity.
The weight of a body in a medium,

When body has terminal velocity, we can write.

Question 3.

1. Fill in the blanks using the word from the list appended with each statement.
   • Viscosity of gases_____with temperature (increase/decrease)
   • For a fluid in steady flow, the increase in flow speed at a constriction follows from_____ (conservation of mass/Bernoulli’s theorem)
   • The working of a hydraulic lift is based on (Pascal’s Law/ principle of Conservation of Energy)
   • Small insects can walk over the surface of water. It is due to the_____(surface tension of water/viscosity of water)
2. A girl dips a thin capillary tube in water. Water rises through it.
   • Name the phenomenon.
   • How does this rise vary with the diameter of the tube?

Answer:
1. Fill in the blanks :

• increases
• Conservation of mass
• Pascals law
• Surface tension

2. A girl dips a thin capillary tube in water:

• Capillary rise
• h α \(\frac{1}{r}\) ie. when diameter of tube increases, the. capillary rise decreases.

Question 4.
The schematic diagram of a sprayer or atomiser is given below.

1. Name the principle of working of this device from the following:
   • Surface tension
   • Viscosity
   • Bernoulli’s principle
   • Archimedes’ principle
2. Write its mathematical expression.
3. Wings of an aeroplane are curved outwards while flattened inwards. Why?

Answer:
1. Bernollis principle

2. P + \(\frac{1}{2}\)ρv² + ρgh = constant.

3. When the aeroplane moves forward, the air blown in the form of stream lines over the wings of aeroplane is shown figure.

As the upper surface of wing is more curved than its lower surface, the speed of air above the wings is larger than the speed of the air below the wings.

Hence the pressure above the wings becomes less than the pressure below the wings. Due to this pressure difference the aeroplane will get upward force to overcome gravitational force.

Question 5.
During windstorms, roofs of certain houses are blown off without damaging other parts of the houses.

1. Name the theorem which explains this phenomenon.
2. State the theorem.
3. Explain this phenomenon on the basis of this theorem.

Answer:

1. Bernoulli’s theorem
2. For a small amount of liquid in stream line flow, between two points, the total energy is constant.
3. When windstorm blown off, the pressure on the top side of roof decreases. Hence a pressure difference is developed in between roof. Due to this pressure difference, roof of certain houses are blown off.

Question 6.
Two thin evacuated (one end closed) glass take A and B are carefully immersed in a beaker containing mercury such a way that there is no chance to get air in to the tubes. A is stand vertically and B is making an angle θ with the vertical.

1. Is any rise of mercury in the tubes?
2. Is any height difference of mercury levels in tube A and B? Justify your answer.
3. When the doctors are measuring body pressure, it is advisable to lie on a table. Why?

Answer:

1. Yes
2. No. Pressure is same at same level. To get same pressure, height of mercury becomes same.
3. When we lie on the table, the pressure of our body will be same at all points.

Question 7.
A small metal sphere is falling through a caster oil.

1. Name the forces acting on the metal sphere?
2. Which of these forces change? Why?
3. Name the velocity of the sphere when the unbalanced force on it is zero?
4. Write down the expression for this velocity in terms of coefficient of viscosity?

Answer:

1. forces acting on the metal sphere:
   • Weight of the body (mg)
   • Buoyant force or up thrust
   • Viscous force
2. Viscous force. Viscous force is the friction offered by the liquid. It is a self adjusting force.
3. Terminal velocity
4. Terminal velocity, V = \(\frac{2}{9} a^{2}\left(\frac{f-N}{\eta}\right) g\).

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A capillary tube when dipped into water, it is commonly observed that water will rise through the tube.

1. Which of the following is responsible for this?
   • Gravitational force
   • Viscous force
   • Nuclear force
   • Surface tension
   • Elastic force
2. Derive an expression for the capillary rise.
3. If the radius of the tube becomes doubled, then what happens to the height of water column in the tube?

Answer:
1. Surface tension.

2.

Consider a capillary tube of radius ‘a’ dipped in a liquid of density ρ and surface tension S. If the liquid has a concave meniscus it will rise in the capillary tube. Let h be the rise of the liquid in the tube. Let p₁ be the pressure on the concave side of the meniscus and p₀, that on the other side. The excess pressure on the concave side of the meniscus can be written as
p₁ – p₀ = \(\frac{2 \mathrm{S}}{\mathrm{R}}\)
Where R is the radius of the concave meniscus. The tangent to the meniscus at the point A makes an angle θ with the wall of the tube.
In the right angled triangle ACO

substituting the values of R in the equation (1)

Considering two points M and N in the same horizontal level of a liquid at rest,
pressure at N = pressure at M
But pressure at M = p_i, the pressure over the concave meniscus and pressure at N = p_o + hρg
∴ P_i = P_o + hρg
or P_i – P_o = hρg ……..(3)
From equations (2) and (3), we get

3. We know

The capillary rise decreases to half of the original value.

Question 2.

1. Find the odd one out and justify your answer Atomiser, venturi meter, aeroplane, hydraulic lift
2. Mention one use of venturi meter.
3. Explain the working of the odd one which you have selected in question (a)

Answer:
1. Hydraulic lift – It is based on pascals law.

2. Venturimeter can be used to find velocity of flow of fluid through a pipe.

3.

A hydraulic lift is used to lift heavy load. Consider a liquid enclosed in a vessel with two cylinders C₁ and C₂ attached as shown in the figure. The cylinders are provided with two pistons having areas A₁ and A₂ respectively.
If F₁ is the force exerted on the area A₁,
pressure P₁ = \(\frac{F_{1}}{A_{1}}\).
If F₂ is the force exerted on the area A₂,
pressure P₂ = \(\frac{F_{2}}{A_{2}}\).
According to pascal’s law P₁ = P₂.

Using this method we can lift heavy load by applying small force.

Question 3.
When a capillary tube of radius ‘r’ is dipped in water, the water rises through it up to height ‘h’.

1. Which of the following is responsible for the above phenomenon?
   • Viscous force
   • elastic force
   • surface tension
   • gravitational force
   • negative force
2. To what height will water rise in a glass tube with a bore of radius 0.1 mm (take the angle of contact of glass with 0°, surface tension S = 0.0728 N/m)
3. If the length of tube is less that the length of capillary rise, will it overflow. Justify your answer.

Answer:
1. Surface tension

2.

3. The water will never overflow. If the tube is of insufficient length, the radius of curvature of liquid meniscus goes on increasing, making it more and more flat till water is in equilibrium.

Question 4.
A steel ball of radius 1 mm is falling vertically through a tank of oil at 30°C.

1. After some time the ball attains a constant velocity called_____
2. What are the forces acting on the ball and give their directions?
3. Write down the expression for resultant force acting on the ball?)
4. If the density of oil is 2 × 10³kg/m³, density of steel is 8 × 10² Kg/m³ and ‘η’of oil 2NS/m², What will be the constant velocity attained by the ball?

Answer:
1. Terminal velocity.

2. Weight of body (down ward), bouyanant force (up ward), Viscous force (upward).

3. Resultant force = weight of body – buoyant force.

4. Terminal velocity,

Plus One Physics Mechanical Properties of Fluids NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A 50 kg girl wearing high heel shoes balances on a single heel. The heel is circular with a diameter 1.0 cm. What is the pressure exerted by the heel on the horizontal floor?
Answer:
Force, F = Weight of girl
= mg = 50 × 9.8N = 490N
Radius, r = 0.5 × 10^-2m
Area A = πr² = \(\frac{22}{7}\)(0.5 × 10^-2)² m²
Pressure

Question 2.
Torricelli’s barometer used mercury. Pascal duplicated it using French wine of density 984 kg m^-3. Determine the height of the wine column for normal atmospheric pressure.
Answer:
p = hρg, h = \(\frac{p}{\rho g}=\frac{1.01 \times 10^{5}}{984 \times 9.8}\)m = 10.47m.

Question 3.
A U-tube contains water and methylated spirit separated by mercury. The mercury columns in the two arms are in level with 10.0 cm of water in one arm and 12.5 of spirit in the other. What is the specific gravity of spirit?

Answer:
Since the mercury columns in the two arms are at the same level,
∴ pressure due to water column = pressure due to spirit column
∴ h_wρ_wg = h_sρ_sg
or h_wρ_w = h_sρ
But h_w = 10 cm,
ρ_w = 1 gcm^-3,
h_s = 12.5cm
∴ 10 × 1 = 12.5 × ρ_s
or ρ_s = \(\frac{10}{12.5}\)gcm^-3
= 0.8cm^-3
∴ Specific gravity of spirit = 0.8.

Question 4.
Figs, (a) and (b) refer to the steady flow of a non-viscous liquid. Which of the two figures is incorrect? Why?

Answer:
Fig (a) is incorrect. This is because at a constriction (ie., where the area of cross-section of the tube is smaller), the flow speed is larger due to mass conservation. Consequently, pressure there is smaller according to Bernoulli’s equation. We assume the fluid to be incompressible.

Question 5.
What is the prssure inside the drop of mercury of radius 3.00 mm at room temperature? Surface tension of mercury at that temperature (20°C) is 4.65 × 10^-1Nm^-1. The atmospheric pressure is 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa. Also give the excess pressure inside the drop.
Answer:
Excess pressure = \(\frac{2 \sigma}{R}\)

Total pressure = 1.01 × 10⁵ + \(\frac{2 \sigma}{R}\)
= 1.01 × 10⁵ + 310
= 1.0131 × 10⁵Pa
Since data is correct upto three significant figures. We should write total pressure inside the drop as 1.1 × 10⁵Pa.

Question 6.
During blood transfusion, the needle is inserted in a vein where the guage pressure is 2000 Pa, at what height must the blood container be placed so that blood may just enter the vein? Given: density of whole blood = 1.06 × 10³kgm^-3
Answer:
Guage pressure,
p = hρg, h

= 0.19m.

Students can Download Chapter 8 Arrays Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 8 Arrays

Plus One Arrays One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
From the following which is not true for an array.
(a) It is easy to represent and manipulate array variable
(b) Array uses a compact memory structure
(c) Readability of program will be increased
(d) Array elements are dissimilar elements
Answer:
(d) Array elements are dissimilar elements

Question 2.
Consider the following declaration.
int mark(50) Is it valid? If no give the correct declaration
Answer:
It is not valid. The correct declaration is as follows, int mark[50]. Use square brackets instead of parenthesis

Question 3.
Consider the following declaration.
int mark[200]
The index of the last element is ________.
Answer:
199

Question 4.
Consider the following declaration int mark[200]. The index of the first element is ________.
Answer:
0

Question 5.
Consider the following int age[4] = {15,16,17,18};
From the following which type of initialisation is this.
(a) direct assignment
(b) along with variable declaration
(c) multiple assignment
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) along with variable declaration

Question 6.
From the following which is used to read and display array elements.
(a) loops
(b) if
(c) switch
(d) if else ladder
Answer:
(a) loops

Question 7.
Write down the corresponding memory consumption in bytes

1. int age[10] = ——-
2. charname[10] = ——-
3. int age[10][10]= ——–

Answer:

1. 2 × 10 = 20 bytbs (2 bytes for one integer)
2. 1 × 10 = 10 (one byte for each character)
3. 2 × 10 ×10 = 200 (2 × (100 elements))

Question 8.
A two dimensional array is having ________ number of subscript
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) two

Question 9.
Consider the following
int age[10][10];
In this array how many elements will contain.
Answer:
10 × 10 = 100 elements

Question 10.
Consider the following int age[4] = {12, 13, 14};
cout<<age[3];
What will be the output?
(а) 14
(b) 12
(c) 13
(d) 0
Answer:
(d) 0

Question 11.
The elements of 2 dimensional array can be read using _________ loop.
Answer:
nested loop

Question 12.
________ is the process of reading/visiting elements of an array.
Answer:
traversal

Question 13.
Anjali wants to read the 10 marks that already stored in an array and find the total. This process is known as ________.
(a) insertion
(b) deletion
(c) traversal
(d) linear search
Answer:
(c) traversal

Question 14.
Mani wants to check a number from 100 numbers already stored in an array. This process is called ___________.
(a) insertion
(b) deletion
(c) searching
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) searching

Question 15.
Divide and conquer method used in ____________ search.
Answer:
binary

Question 16.
“Each element of the array is composed with value to be searched from the beginning of the array”. This method is adopted by _____________ search.
Answer:
linear search

Question 17.
____________ search requires a sorted array as input.
Answer:
binary search

Question 18.
___________ searching is slower for larger array.
Answer:
linear searching

Question 19.
____________ is a simple sorting algorithm.
(a) bubble sort
(b) selection sort
(c) linear search
(d) binary search
Answer:
(a) bubble sort

Question 20.
Adjacent elements are checked and inter changed in _____________ sort.
Answer:
bubble sort

Question 21.
The array is divided into sorted part and unsorted part in ____________ sort.
selection.

Question 22.
The elements of an array of size ten are numbered from _____ to _______.
Answer:
0 to 9

Question 23.
Element mark[6] is which element of the array?
(a) The sixth
(b) the seventh
(c) the eighth
(d) impossible to tell
Answer:
(b) the seventh

Question 24.
When a multidimensional array is accessed, each array index is ________.
(a) Separated by column.
(b) Surrounded by brackets and separated by commas.
(c) Separated by commas and surrounded by brackets.
(d) Surrounded by brackets,
Answer:
(d) surrounded by brackets

Question 25.
You have used a 2D array with the Name Mat representing a matrix. Write the C++ expression to access the 3rd element in the 2nd row.
Answer:
mat[1] [2];

Question 26.
Write a C++ statement that defines a string variable called ‘name’ that can hold a string of upto 20 characters.
Answer:
char name[21j;

Question 27.
Given some array declaration. Pick the odd man out.
Float a[+40], int num[0-10], double [50], char name[50], amount[20] of float.
Answer:
char name[50]. It is a valid array decalaration the remaining are not valid.

Question 28.
__________ is a collection of elements with same datatype.
Answer:
Array

Question 29.
int num[10];
The above C++ statement declares an array named num that can store maximum ________ integer numbers. (SEP-2015 (IMP) (1)
(а) 9
(b) 10
(c) N
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) 10

Question 30.
Declare a two dimensional array to store the elements of a matrix with order 3 × 5. (MARCH-2016) (1)
Answer:
int m[3] [5]; or float m[3] [5]

Question 31.
_________ search method is an example for ‘divide and conquer method’. (SEP-2016) (1)
Answer:
Binary

Question 32.
Read the following C++ statement:
int AR[10]
How many bytes will be allocated for this array? (1)
Answer:
To store an integer 4 bytes needed so AR[10] needs 10 × 4 = 40 bytes

Question 33.
Find the value of score [4] based on the following declaration statement. int score [5] = {988,87,92,79,85}; (MARCH-2017) (1)
Answer:

Hence (158)₁₀ = (9E)₁₆

Plus One Arrays Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Whether the statement char text[] = “COMPUTER”; is True/False? Justify.
Answer:
It is a single dimensional array. If the user doesn’t specify the size the operating system allocates the number of characters + one (for null character for text) bytes of memory. So here OS allocates 9 bytes of memory.

Question 2.
Given a word ” Mathematics”. How will you locate this word in a standard dictionary. What are the steps used for this purpose
Answer:
In the standard dictionary the words are arranged in sorted order so binary search method is more suitable to find the word “MATHEMATICS”.

Question 3.
How can you find out the word “MATHEMATICS” from a text book. Which is the most convenient method? Justify your answer.
Answer:
In a text book the words are not arranged in sorted order so linear search method is convenient.

Question 4.
Consider the statement char str[] = “PROGRAM” What will be stored in last location of this array. Justify.
Answer:
The last location is the null character(\0) because each string must be appedend by a null character.

Question 5.
Explain different array operations in detail.
Answer:

1. Traversal: All the elements of an array is visited and processed is called traversal
2. Search: Check whether the given element is present or not
3. Sorting: Arranging elements in an order is called sorting

Question 6.
Read the following C++ statement: int MAT[5][4];

1. How many bytes will be allocated for this array?
2. Suppose MAT[4][4] is a 2D array that contains the elements of a square matrix. Write C++ statements to find the’ sum of all the elements in the array. (MARCH – 2015) (1)

Answer:

Question 7.
Declare an array of size 5 and intitialize it with the numbers 8, 7, 2, 4 and 6. (MARCH-2016) (2)
Answer:
int n[5] = {8, 7, 2, 4, 6};

Question 8.
Predict the output of the following C++ program.
#include <iostream.h>
int main()
{
int array[] = {1, 2, 4, 6,7,5};
for (int n =1; n<=5; n++)
array [n] = array [n – 1 ];
for (n = 0; n <= 5; n++)
cout<< array [n];
return 0;
}
Answer:
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

Question 9.
Suppose M[5][5] is a 2D array that contains the elements of a square matrix. Write C++ statements to find the sum of the diagonal elements. (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (2)
Answer:
for (i = 0; i < 5, i++)
for (j = 0; j < 5; j++)
if (i == j)
S = S + M[i][j];

Question 10.

1. Write C++ program for sorting a list of numbers using Bubble Sort Method. (2)
2. Write the different passes of sorting the following numbers using Bubble Sort.
   32, 21, 9, 17, 5

Answer:
1. Example for Bubble sort is given below

2. Bubble sort (ascending order):
Consider the first 2 elements of the numbers and compare it. 32 is greater than 21 then interchange both of them. Then the numbers are
21, 32, 9, 17, 5
Next compare 32 and 9. Here 32 is greater so interchange both of them. Then the numbers are
21, 9, 32, 17, 5
Next compare 32 and 7. Then interchange and the numbers are
21, 9, 17, 32, 5
Next compare 32 and 5. Then interchange and the numbers are
21, 9, 17, 5, 32.
After the first phase the largest number is on the right side. Similarly do the remaining. At last we will get the result as follows.
5, 9, 17, 21, 32

Question 11.
Suppose M[5] [5] is a 2D array that contains the elements of a square matrix. Write C++ statements to find the sum of the diagonal elements. (MARCH-2017)
Answer:

Plus One Arrays Three Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Suppose you are given Total mark of 50 students in a class

1. How will you store these values using ordinary variable?
2. Is there any other efficient way to store these values? Give reason.

Answer:
We have to declare 50 variables individually to store total marks of 50 students. It is a laborious work. Hence we use array, it is an efficient way to declare 50 variables. With a single variable name we can store multiple elements.
eg: int mark[50]. Here we can store 50 marks. The first mark is in mark[0], second is in mark[1]…. etc the fiftieth mark is in mark[49],

Question 2.
Four friends are in a queue for watching a movie. How can you locate a particular person from that queue? Write all the steps sequentially.
Answer:
Locate a particular person from a queue can be carried out by using two ways.
1. Linear search:
In this method each element of the array is compared with the element to be searched starting from the first element. If it finds the position of the element in the array is returned.

2. Binary search:
It uses a technique called divide and conquer method. It can be performed only on sorted arrays. First we check the element with the middle element. There are 3 possibilities. The first possibility is the searched element is the middle element then search can be finished.

The second possibility is the element is less than the middle value so the upper bound is the middle element. The third possibility is the element is greater than the middle value so the lower bound is the middle element. Repeat this process.

Question 3.
Total mark of 50 students in a class are given in an array. A bonus of 10 marks is awarded to all of them. Write the program code for making such a modification.
Answer:

Question 4.
In School Assembly, try to arrange all the students in your class according to the increasing order of their heights separately for male/female students. Smallest one will be in front and tallest one at the last position. Write sequential steps for doing this, in two different methods.
Answer:
Arranging elements from smallest to largest (ascending) or largest to smallest(descending) is called sorting. There are two sorting methods
1. Bubble sort:
It is a simple sorting method. In this sorting considering two adjacent elements if it is out of order, the elements are interchanged. After the first iteration the largest(in the case of ascending sorting) or smallest(in the case of descending sorting) will be the end of the array. This process continues.

2. Selection sort:
In selection sort the array is divided into two parts, the sorted part and unsorted part. First smallest element in the unsorted part is searched and exchanged with the first element. Now there is 2 parts sorted part and unsorted part. This process continues.

Question 5.
Using the concept obtained from algorithms in question number (9), write complete program for the two types of sorting.
Answer:

Question 6.
Collect the heights of 12 students from your class in which 7 students are male and others are female students. Suppose these male and female students be seated in two separate benches and you are given a place which is used for sitting these 12 students in linear form. How will you combine and make them sit without mixing male/female students. Write a program for the same.
Answer:

Question 7.
Collect the heights of 12 students from your class in which 7 students are male and others are female students. Suppose you are given the heights according to a sorted order separately for male/female students. How will you combine these group according to the same order in linear form. Write a program for the same.
Answer:

Question 8.
Write the program code for counting the number of vowels from your school name.
Answer:

Question 9.
Write the program code for counting the number of words from the given string.” Directorate of Higher Secondary Examination”
Answer:

Question 10.
Given a word like “ECNALUBMA” Write the program code for arranging it in into a meaningful word.
Answer:

Question 11.
Explain the needs for arrays Array
Answer:
Array is collection of same type of elements. With the same name we can store more elements. The elements are distinguished by using its index or subscript. To store 50 marks of 50 students we have to declare 50 variables, it is a laborious work.

Hence the need for arrays arise. By using array this is very easy as follows int mark[50]. Here the index of first element is 0, then 1, 2, 3, etc upto 49.

Question 12.
Explain different types of arrays.
Answer:
There are two tyes of array
1. Single dimensional:
It contains only one index or subscript. The index starts from 0 and ends with size-1.
eg: int n[50];
char name[10];

2. Multi-dimensional:
It contains more than one index or subscript. The two dimensional array contains two indices, one for rows and another for columns. The row index starts from 0 and end at row size-1 and column index starts at 0 and ends at colunn size-1.
eg: int n[10][10] can store 10 × 10 = 100 elements. The index of the first element is n[0][0] and index of the 100th element is n[9][9],

Question 13.
Write a program to read the 5 marks of a students and display the marks and total
Answer:

Question 14.
Write a program to read 3 marks of 5 students and find the total and display it.
Answer:

Question 15.
Differentiate linear search and binary search
Answer:
1. Linear search:
In this method each element of the array is compared with the element to be searched starting from the first element. If it finds the position of the element in the array is re¬turned.

2. Binary search:
It uses a technique called divide and conquer method. It can be performed only on sorted arrays. First we check the element with the middle element. There are 3 possibilities. The first possibility is the searched element is the middle element then search can be finished.

The second possibility is the element is less than the middle value so the upper bound is the middle element. The third possibility is the element is greater than the middle value so the lower bound is the middle element. Repeat this process.

Question 16.
Differentiate bubble sort and selection sort.
Answer:
1. Bubble sort:
It is a simple sorting method. In this sorting considering two adjascent elements if it is out of order, the elements are interchanged. After the first iteration the largest(in the case of ascending sorting) or smallest (in the case of descending sorting) will be the end of the array. This process continues.

2. Selection sort:
In selection sort the array is divided into two parts, the sorted part and unsorted part. First smallest element in the unsorted part is searched and exchanged with the first element. Now there is 2 parts sorted part and unsorted part. This process continues.

Question 17.
Write a program to read a string and a character and find the character by using linear search.
Answer:

Question 18.
Write a program to read marks of 10 students and read a mark and check whether it is in the array or not using binary search
Answer:

Question 19.
Write a program reverse a string without using a function.
Answer:

Question 20.
Write a program to read a string and find the no. of vowels .consonents and special characters.
Answer:

Question 21.
Given a word “COMPUTER”, write a C++ program to reverse the word without using any string functions.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(()
{
char a[9] = “COMPUTER”;
inti;
for (i=8; i>=0; i- -)
{
cout<<a[i];
}
}

Question 22.
Write a program to accept marks of 10 students and find out the largest and smallest mark from the list.

OR

C++ program to store the scores of 10 batsmen of a school cricket team and find the largest and smallest score.
Answer:

Question 23.
Write the names of two searching methods in arrays. Prepare a chart that shows the comparisons of two searching methods. (MARCH-2015)
Answer:
It is the process of finding the position of the given element.
1. Linear search:
In this method each element of the array is compared with the element to be searched starting from the first element. If it finds the position of the element in the array is returned.

2. Binary search:
It uses a technique called divide and conquer method. It can be performed only on sorted arrays. First we check the element with the middle element. There are 3 possibilities. The first possibility is the searched element is the middle element then search can be finished.

The second possibility is the element is less than the middle value so the upper bound is the middle element. The third possibility is the element is greater than the middle value so the lower bound is the middle element. Repeat this process.

Question 24.
Write a C++ program to illustrate array traversal. (SAY-2015 (IMP) (3)
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int i, mark[50];
for(i=0;i<50; i++)
{
cout<<“Enter mark “<<i + 1<<“: cirt>>mark[i];
}
cout<<“\nThe mark of 50 students after adding bonus mark 10 is given below \n”; for(i=0;i<50; i++)
cout<<mark[i] + 10<<endl;
}

Question 25.
Define an array. Also write an algorithm for searching an element in the array using any one method that you are familiar with. (MARCH-2016) (3)
Answer:
An array is a collection of elements with same data type. The index of first element is 0 (zero) and the index of last element is size -1. There are 2 methods linear search and binary search.

Searching: It is the process of finding the position of the given element.
1. Linear search:
In this method each element of the array is compared with the element to be searched starting from the first element. If it finds the position of the element in the array is returned.

2. Binary search:
It uses a technique called divide and conquer method. It can be performed only on sorted arrays. First we check the element with the middle element. There are 3 possibilities. The first possibility is the searched element is the middle element then search can be finished.

The second possibility is the element is less than the middle value so the upper bound is the middle element. The third possibility is the element is greater than the middle value so the lower bound is the middle element. Repeat this process.8.3 Two dimensional (2D) arrays.

Some occasions we have to store 6 different marks of 50 students. For this we use 2D arrays. An array with two subscripts is used, eg. int mark[r][c]; Here r is the row and c is the column.

Question 26.

1. Finding sum of all elements in an array is an example of _________ operation.
2. If 24, 45, 98, 56, 76, 24, 15 are the elements of an array, illustrate the working of selection sort for arranging the elements in descending order. (SCERT SAMPLE -1) (3)

Answer:
1. Traversal

2. In selection sort the array is divided into two parts the sorted part and unsorted part. First smallest elemant in the unsorted part in searched and exchanged with the first elemant now there is 2 parts sorted part and unsorted part. This process continues.

Question 27.
Read the following C++ statement:

1. How many bytes will be allocated for this array?
2. Write algorithm to sort this array using bubble sort method. (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (3)

Answer:
1. To store an integer 4 bytes needed so AR[10] needs 10 × 4 = 40 bytes.

2. Sorting – Arranging elements of an array in an order(ascending or descending).
(a) Bubble sort:
It is a simple sorting method. In this sorting considering two adjascent elements if it is out of order, the elements are interchanged. After the first iteration the largest(in the case of ascending sorting) or smallest(in the case of descending sorting) will be the end of the array. This process continues.

(b) Selection sort:
In selection sort the array is divided into two parts, the sorted part and unsorted part. First smallest element in the unsorted part is searched and exchanged with the first element. Now there is 2 parts sorted part and unsorted part. This process continues.

Question 28.
Explain ‘Call by Value’ and ‘Call by Reference’ methods of function calling with the help of a suitable example. (SEP-2016) (3)
Answer:
Two types are call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Question 29.
What is an array? Write C++ program to declare and use a single dimensional array for storing the computer science marks of all students in your
class. (SEP-2016) (3)
Answer:
An array is a collection of elements with same data type or with the same name we can store many elements, the first or second or third etc can be distinguished by using the index(subscript). The first element’s index is 0, the second elements index is 1, and so on.

Question 30.
Write an algorithm for arranging elements of an array in ascending order using bubble sort. (MARCH-2017) (3)
Answer:

Plus One Arrays Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write a program to perform matrix addition, multiplication, subtraction.
Answer:

Students can Download Chapter 9 Hydrogen Questions and Answers, Plus One Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 9 Hydrogen

Plus One Chemistry Hydrogen One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In which of the following compounds does hydrogen have an oxidation state of -1?
a) CH₄ b) NH₃ C) HCl d) CaH₂
Answer:
d) CaH₂

Question 2.
The radio active isotope of hydrogen is __________ .
Answer:
Tritium

Question 3.
Temporary hardness of water is due to the presence of
a) MgSO₄
b)Ca(HCO₃)₂
c) CaSO₄
d) NaHCO₃
Answer:
b) Ca(HCO₃)₂

Question 4.
D₂O is used as __________ in nuclear reactors.
Answer:
Moderator

Question 5.
30 volumes of H₂O₂ means
a) 30% H₂O₂ solution
b) 30 cm³ of the solution contains 1 g of H₂O₂
c) 1 cm³ of the solution liberates 30 cm3 of O₂ at STP
d) 30 cm³ of the solution contains 1 mole of H₂O₂
Answer:
c) 1 cm³ of the solution liberates 30 cm3 of O₂ at STP

Question 6.
Name the three isotopes of hydrogen.
Answer:

Question 7.
Dihydrogen is prepared on industrial scale from syngas by
Answer:
Water gas shift reaction

Question 8.
Among the following elements which does not make a hydride is _________
a) Ti
b) Mg
c) Co
d) Pd
Answer:
c)Co

Question 9.
Hydrogen is purified by _________ .
Answer:
Oculusion on pd

Question 10.
H₂O₂ is _________ .
Answer:
Diamagnetic

Question 11.
Ortho & para hydrogen are __________ .
Answer:
Nuclear spin isomers

Plus One Chemistry Hydrogen Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write one method each for the laboratory preparation of dihydrogen from
i) mineral acid
ii) aqueous alkali.

1. Which is the catalyst used for the reaction?
2. Which is the product in this reaction?

Answer:
1.By the reaction of granulated zinc with dilute HCl.
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂

2. By the reaction of zinc with aqueous alkali.
Zn + 2NaOH → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂

Question 2.
Classify the following into those causing temporary hardness and permanent hardness:
[Mg(HCO₃)₂, MgCl₂, CaCO₃, CaSO₄, NaCl, NaHCO₃, Ca(HCO₃)₂]
Answer:
Temporary hardness – Mg (HCO₃)₂, Ca(HCO₃)₂
Permanent hardness – MgCl₂, CaSO₄

Question 3.
The bond angle in water is different from the tetrahedral bond angle.

1. What is the bond angle and shape of water?
2. Justify.

Answer:
1. 104.5°

2. There are three types of repulsions in water. They are: Ip – Ip repulsion, Ip – bp repulsion and bp – bp repulsion. In order to minimize the stronger Ip- Ip repulsion, the bond angle is reduced to 104.5° from 109.5°. Thus, the shape of water is distorted tetrahedral or angular.

Question 4.
Among NH₃, H₂O and HF which would you expect to have highest magnitude of hydrogen bonding? Why?
Answer:
Strength of H-bond depends upon the atomic size and electronegativity of the other atom to which H- atom is covalently bonded. Smaller size and higher electronegativity favour H-bonding. Among N, F and O atoms, F is the smallest and its electronegativity is highest. Hence, HF will have highest magnitude of H-bonding.

Question 5.
1. Soap does not give lather with hard water. Why?
2. What are the disadvantages of hard water?
Answer:
1. Hard water contains Ca⁺, Mg²⁺ions in the form of
their bicarbonates, chlorides or sulphates. Hard water forms scum/precipitate with soap. So soap does not give lather with hard water,

2. Hard water is unsuitable for laundry. It is harmful for boilers because of deposition of salts in the form of scale. This reduces the’ efficiency of the boiler.

Question 6.
Write one example each for the oxidising action of H₂O₂ in acidic medium and basic medium.
Answer:
In acidic medium, H₂O₂ oxidises PbS to PbSO₄.
PbS(s) + 4H₂O₂(aq) → PbSO₄(s) + 4H₂O(l)
In basic medium, H₂O₂ oxidises Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺.
2Fe²⁺ + H₂O₂ → 2Fe³⁺ + 2OH^–

Question 7.
Write one example each for the reducing action of H₂O₂ in acidic medium and basic medium.
Answer:
In acidic medium H₂O₂ reduces MnO₄^– to Mn²⁺.
2MnO₄^– + 6H⁺ + 5H₂O₂ → 2Mn²⁺ + 8H₂O + 5O₂
In basic medium H₂O₂ reduces l₂ to l^–.
l₂ + H₂O₂ + 2OH^– → 2l^– + 2H₂O + O₂

Question 8.
Write two examples for redox reactions involving water.
Answer:
1. Water can be easily reduced to dihydrogen by highly electropositive metals like Na. Here, Na is oxidised to NaOH.
2H₂O(I) + 2Na(s) → 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)

2. With F₂, water is oxidised to O₂. Here, F₂ is reduced to F-.
2F₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) → 4H+(aq) + 4F^–(aq) + O₂(g)

Question 9.
Distinguish between

1. Hard and Heavy water
2. Temporary and permanent hardness of water.

Answer:
1. A sample of water said to be hard water if it does not give lather with soap. Heavy water is the oxide of deuterium (D₂O).

2. Temporary hardness is due to the presence of bicarbonate of calcium or magnesium. It can be removed by boiling.

Permanent hardness is due to the presence of chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium. It is not removed by boiling.

Question 10.
Hydrogen combines with elements to give binary compounds known as hydrides.
1. Name the three categories of hydrides.
2. Classify the given hydrides into different categories: NH₃ LiH, TiH, CH₄, NaH
Answer:
1. Ionic hydrides, Covalent hydrides and Metallic/ Interstitial hydrides

2. NaH, LiH – Ionic hydrides
NH₃, CH₄ – Covalent hydrides
TiH – Interstitial hydride

Plus One Chemistry Hydrogen Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
A chart prepared by a student based on the similarities of hydrogen with alkali metals and halogens is as shown below. Correct the mistakes in it.

Answer:

Question 2.
Prepare a short note on different types of hydrides.
Answer:
Hydrogen reacts with metals or non metals to form binary compounds known as hydrides.
Hydrides are mainly classified into the following 3 types:
1. Ionic or salt like hydrides
These are stoichiometric compounds of dihydrogen formed with most of the s-block elements which are highly electropositive in character. These are crystalline, non-volatile and non-conducting in solid state. But their melts conduct electricity and on electrolysis liberate dihydrogen gas at anode. They react violently with water producing dihydrogen gas. e.g. NaH, KH.

2. Covalent hydrides or Molecular hydrides
These are formed by the action between dihydrogen and non metals (p-block elements). Covalent hydrides are classified into electron-deficient (e.g. B₂H₆), electron-precise (e.g. CH₄) and electron-rich hydrides (e.g. NH₃).

3. Metallic or Non-stoichiometric or Interstitial hydrides
These are formed by the reaction of dihydrogen with many d-block and f-block elements. These hydrides conduct heat and electricity. They are almost always non- stoichiometric, being deficient in hydrogen, e.g.
LaH_2.87,YbH_2.55,VH_0.56 etc.

Question 3.
Consider the chemical equation and fill in the blanks:

1. This method is used for the preparation of ……………
2. The electrode used is …………
3.  ……….. is produced at cathode.

Answer:

1. Hydrogen
2. Platinum
3. Hydrogen

Question 4.
Analyse the equation: 2Na + H₂ → 2NaH

1. In this chemical equation, H₂ reacts with …………
2. Hydrogen reacts with metals to form …………
3. Hydrogen is in ………… oxidation state in NaH.

Answer:

1. Na
2. Metal hydrides
3. -1

Question 5.
a) How is hydrogen of high purity prepared?
b) Dihydrogen is relatively inert at room temperature. Give reason.
c) Write any two uses of hydrogen.
Answer:
a) High purity (>99.95%) dihydrogen is obtained by electrolysing warm aqueous barium hydroxide . solution bewteen nickel electrodes.
b) This is due to high H-H bond enthalpy.
c) 1. In oxy-hydrogen torches.
2. Liquid hydrogen is used as a fuel in rockets.

Question 6.
A sample of cold river water does not easily give lather with soap, but on boiling it does.

1. Evaluate and write the chemical equation involved.
2. In some cases, the water does not give ready lather even if it is boiled. Why?

Answer:
1. If the sample of water has temporary hardness, it is removed during boiling. Here, the bicarbonates of magnesium is precipitated as Mg(OH)₂ and that of calcium is precipitated as CaCO₃.

2. The sample of water might have permanent hardness due to the presence of dissolved chlorides and sulphates of Ca and Mg. This cannot be removed just by boiling.

Question 7.
Hydrogen has three isotopes – Protium, Deuterium and Tritium.
a) Of these which is the radio active one?
b) Name a compound which contains the isotope deuterium.
c) Make a table which shows number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each isotope.
Answer:
a) Tritium
b) Heavy water – D₂O
c)

Question 8.
What are the three types of hydrates? Give examples for each.
Answer:
1. Hydrates with coordinated water, e.g. [Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃.
2. Hydrates with interstitial water, e.g. BaCl₂.2H₂O
3. Hydrates with hydrogen bonded water, e.g. CuSO₄.5H₂O.

Question 9.
1. What is meant by amphoteric nature of water?
2. Suggest an example to show this property.
Answer:
1. The amphoteric nature of water means that it has the ability to act as an acid as well as a base.

2. Water acts as an acid with NH₃ and a base with H₂S.

Question 10.
a) What are the advantages of dihydrogen as a fuel?
b) What are the disadvantages of using dihydrogen as a fuel?
c) What is meant by the term ‘hydrogen economy’?
Answer:
a) 1. It is abundantly available in the combined state as water.
2. Use of dihydrogen as fuel provides pollution free atmosphere because its combustion product is only water.
3. Heat of combustion per gram of dihydrogen is more than twice that of jet fuel.

b) 1. Dihydrogen does not occur in free state in nature.
2. Hydrogen gas has explosive flammability which causes problem to its storage and transportation.
3. A cylinder of compressed dihydrogen weighs about 30 times as much as a tank of petrol containing the same amount of energy.

c) Hydrogen economy refers to the use of dihydrogen as an alternative source of energy. The basic principle of hydrogen economy is storage and transportation of energy in the form of dihydrogen instead of fossil fuels or electric power.

Question 11.
What do you mean by temporary and permanent hardness? Explain one chemical method each for removing temporary hardness and permanent hardness.
Answer:
Temporary hardness is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium or magnesium. Permanent hardness is due to the presence of chlorides and sulphates of calcium or magnesium ions.
Clark’s method :
This method is used for removing temporary hardness. In this method, calculated amount of lime is added to hard water. It precipitates out calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide which can be filtered off.

Treatment with washing soda: This method is used to remove permanent hardness. Washing soda reacts with soluble calcium and magnesium chlorides and sulphates in hard water to form insoluble carbonates.

Question 12.
a) Write a method for the preparation of H₂O₂.
b) What is 100 volume H₂O₂?
c) Draw the structure of H₂O₂ in gas phase.
Answer:
a) H₂O₂ is prepared by acidifying barium peroxide and removing excess water by evaporation under reduced pressure.
BaO₂.8H₂O(s) + H₂SO₂(aq) → BaSO₄(s) + H₂O₂(aq) + 8H₂O(I)

b) A 30% solution of H₂O₂ is called 100 volume H₂O₂. It means that one mL of 30% H₂O₂ solution will give 100 V of oxygen at STP.

c) H₂O₂ is has non-planar structure as shown below:

Question 13.
lon exchange process is commonly employed for large scale production of soft water.

1. What is the basic principle involved in ion exchange method of softening water?
2. What are inorganic cation exchangers? Give example.

Answer:
1. Adsorption

2. These are complex inorganic salts like sodium- aluminium silicate NaAlSiO₄ which can exchange cations such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions in hard water for Na⁺ ions. e.g. Zeolite.

Question 14.
1. What is heavy water? Mention one use of heavy water.
2. Explain why hydrogen peroxide is not stored in glass vessels.
3. What is calgon? What is its use?
Answer:
1. D₂O. Used as moderator in nuclear reactors.

2. To prevent its decomposition.

3. Calgon is chemically sodium hexametaphosphate (Na₆P₆O₁₈). It is used to remove Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions of hard water by converting them into soluble complexes.
M²⁺ + Na₄P₆O₁₈^2- → [Na₂MP₆O₁₈]^2- + 2Na⁺ (M = Mg,Ca)

Question 15.
1. Name the oxide of isotope of hydrogen used in nuclear reactor.
2. What are cation exchange resins? What is their role in removing permanent hardness of water?
Answer:
1. Heavy water (D₂O).

2. Cation exchange resins contain large organic molecule with -SO₃H group and are water insoluble. Ion exchange resin (RSO₃H) is changed to RNa by treating with NaCl. The resin exchanges Na⁺ ions with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions present in hard water to make the water soft.

Question 16.
1. What is permuitit? How is it useful in removing permanent hardness of water?
2. Compare the structures of water and hydrogen peroxide.
Answer:
1. Hydrated sodium aluminium silicate is called permutit (NaZ). When it is added to hard water it exchanges Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions with Na⁺ ions.
2NaZ(s) + M²⁺(aq) —> MZ₂(s) + 2Na⁺(aq) M = Ma, Ca)

2. Water molecule has an angular or bent shape. H₂O₂ has a non-planar structure.

Question 17.
1. Give the industrial method of preparation of H₂O₂.
2. How is heavy water prepared?
3. How is pure de-mineralised water obtained?
Answer:
1. Industrially H₂O₂ is prepared by the auto-oxidation of 2-ethylanthraquinol.

2. Heavy water is prepared by exhaustive electrolysis of water or as a byproduct in some fertilizer industries.

3. Pure de-mineralised water is obtained by passing water successively through a cation exchange and an anion exchange resins.

In the cation exchange process, the H⁺ exchanges for Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and other cations present in water. This process results in proton release and makes the water acidic.
2RH(s) + M²⁺(aq) \(\rightleftharpoons \) MR₂(s) + 2H⁺(aq)

In the anion exchange process, the OH^– exchanges for anions like Cl^–, HCO₃^–, SO₄^2- etc. present in water.
RNH₃⁺OH^–(S) + X^–(aq) \(\rightleftharpoons \) RNH₃⁺X^–(s) + OH^–(aq)

The OH^– ions, thus liberated neutralise the H⁺ ions set free in the cation exchange process to get pure de-mineralised water.
H⁺(aq) + OH^–(aq) → H₂O(l)

Question 18.
1. Explain why hydrogen peroxide is stored in coloured plastic bottles.
2. Write any two uses of H₂O₂.
Answer:
1. In the presence of metal surfaces or traces of alkali (present in glass conatiners), the decomposition of H₂O₂ (2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂) is catalysed. It is therefore stored in wax-lined glasses or plastic vessels in dark.

2. 1. As a hair bleach and as a mild disinfectant.
2. In the syntheseis of hydroquinone, tartaric acid and certain food products and pharmaceuticals.

Question 19.
1. A sample of hard water was found to loose its hardness on boiling. Name the type of hardness associated with this sample. 0
2. Write the name and formula of four minerals which cause permanent hardness of water.
3. What are electron deficient hydrides? Whether they behave as Lewis acids or Lewis bases? Why?
Answer:
1. Temporary hardness

2. CaCl₂, MgCl₂, CaSO₄, MgSO₄

3. These are covalent hydrides having too few electrons for writing conventional Lewis structure. They act as Lewis acids because they can accept electrons, e.g. B₂H₆

Plus One Chemistry Hydrogen Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 2.
Certain samples of water do no produce easy lather with soap.

1. What is this condition of water called?
2. Which are two types of this condition?
3. Suggest two methods to change this condition of water.
4. What are the problems caused by this condition of water?

Answer:

1. Hardwater.
2. Temporary hardness and permanent hardness.
3. By boiling water and by adding Na₂CO₃
4. Wastage of soap and boiler explosion.

Question 3.
Match the following:

Answer:
1) – d)
2) – a)
3) – f)
4) – g)
5) – c)
6) – e)
7) – b)
8) – h)

Question 4.
1. A list of compounds are given below:
H₂O, HCl, CH₄
Construct chemical reactions to show the preparation of H₂ from each of the above compounds.
2. What is syn gas? How is it prepared?
3. What is coal gasification?
4. Explain water gas shift reaction.
Answer:
1.

2. Syn gas is a mixture of CO and H₂. It is prepared by passing steam over red hot coke.

3. The process of production of syngas from coal is called coal gasification.

4. The production of dihydrogen can be increased by reacting CO of syngas mixtures with steam in the presence of iron chromate as catalyst. This is called water gas shift reaction.

The CO₂ is removed by scrubbing with sodium arsenite solution.

Plus One Chemistry Hydrogen NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the names of isotopes of hydrogen. What is the mass ratio of these isotopes? (2)
Answer:
The various isotopes of hydrogen are:

Question 2.
Why does hydrogen occur in a diatomic form rather than in a monoatomic form under normal conditions? (2)
Answer:
Hydrogen atom has only one electron and thus, to achieve stable inert gas configuration of helium, it shares its single electron with electron of another hydrogen atom to form a stable diatomic molecule. The stability of H₂ is further confirmed by the fact, that formation of one mole of gaseous H₂ molecules results in the release of 435.8 kJ of energy.
H(g) + H(g) H₂(g); ∆H = – 435.8 kJ mol^-1

Question 3.
How do you expect the metallic hydrides to be useful for hydrogen storage? Explain. (2)
Answer:
In some of the transition metal hydrides, hydrogen is absorbed as H-atoms. Due to the inclusion of H- atoms, the metal lattice expands and thus becomes less stable. Therefore, when such metallic hydride is heated, it decomposes to release hydrogen gas and very finely divided metal. The hydrogen evolved in this manner can be used as a fuel. Thus, transition metals or their alloys can act as sponge and can be used to store and transport hydrogen to be used as a fuel.

Question 4.
What causes the temporary and permanent hardness of water? (2)
Answer:
Temporary hardness is caused by presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium, i.e., Ca(HCO₃)₂ and Mg(HCO₃)₂ in water whereas permanent hardness is caused by presence of soluble chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium, i.e., CaCl₂, CaSO₄, MgCl₂ and MgSO₄ in water.

Question 5.
Write chemical reactions to show amphoteric nature of water. (2)
Answer:
Water is amphoteric in character. It means that it can act as proton donor as well as proton acceptor. When it reacts with acids, (stronger than itself), it behaves as a base. When it reacts with bases (stronger than itself) it acts as an acid.

Question 6.
Is demineralised or distilled water useful for drinking purposes? If not, how can it be made useful? (2)
Answer:
Demineralised or distilled water is not useful for drinking purposes because it does not contain even useful minerals. Therefore, to make it useful for drinking purposes, useful minerals in proper amounts should be added to demineralised or distilled water.

Question 7.
How does H₂O₂ behave as a bleaching agent? (2)
Answer:
The bleaching action of H₂O₂ is due to the nascent oxygen which is liberates on decomposition.
H₂O₂ → H₂O + [O]
The nascent oxygen oxidise the colouring matter to colourless products. Hence, H₂O₂ is used for the bleaching of delicate maerials like ivory, feather, silk, wool, etc.

Students can Download Chapter 10 Functions Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 10 Functions

Plus One Functions One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The process of dividing big programs into small programs are called __________.
Answer:
Modularization

Question 2.
The big programs are divided into smaller programs. This smaller programs are called __________.
Answer:
Functions

Question 3.
The execution of the program begins at __________ function.
Answer:
main function

Question 4.
One of the following is not involved in the creation and usage of a user defined function.
(a) Define a function
(b) Declare a function
(c) invoke a function
(d) None of these
Answer:
(d) None of these

Question 5.
The default data type returned by a function is ________.
(a) float
(b) double
(c) int
(d) char
Answer:
(c) int

Question 6.
After the execution of a function, it is returned back to the main function by executing _________ keyword.
Answer:
return

Question 7.
Supplying data to a function from the called func-tion by using _________.
Answer:
parameters (arguments)

Question 8.
_________ keyword is used to give a value back to the called function.
Answer:
return.

Question 9.
_________ key word is used to specify a function returns nothing.
Answer:
void

Question 10.
One of the following is not necessary in the function declaration. What is it?
(a) name of the function
(b) return type
(c) number and type of arguments
(d) name of the parameters
Answer:
(d) name of the parameters

Question 11.
A function declaration is also called _________.
Answer:
prototype

Question 12.
Consider the following declaration
int sum(int a , int b)
{
return a+b;
}
From the following which is the valid function call.
(a) n = sum(10)
(b) n = sum(10,20)
(c) n = sum(10,20,30)
(d) n = sum()
Answer:
(b) n = sum(10,20)

Question 13.
The ability to access a variable or a function from some where in a program is called ________.
Answer:
scope

Question 14.
A variable or a function declared within a function is have ______ scope.
Answer:
local

Question 15.
A variable or a function declared out side of all the functions is have __________ scope.
Answer:
global

Question 16.
State True/False

1. A local variable exist till the end of the program
2. A global variable destroyed when the sub function terminates

Answer:

1. False
2. False

Question 17.
consider the following declaration
int x;
void main()
{
……..
}
Here x is a _____ variable.
Answer:
global

Question 18.
consider the following declaration
void main()
{
int x;
}
Here x is a _______ variable
Answer:
local

Question 19.
__________ parameter is used when the function call does not supply a value for parameters
Answer:
default

Question 20.
The parameter used to call a function is called ____________.
Answer:
Actual parameter

Question 21.
The parameters appear in a function definition are ___________.
Answer:
formal parameters

Question 22.
After the distribution of answer scripts, the teacher gives the Photostat copy of the mark list to the students to check the marks. If the students make any change that do not affect the original mark list. There is a similar situation to pass the arguments to a function. What is this method?
(a) call by value
(b) call by reference
(c) call by address
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) call by value

Question 23.
Your class teacher gives you the original mark list to check the mark. If you make any change it will affect the original mark list. There is a similar situation to pass the arguments to a function. What is this method?
(a) call by value
(b) call by reference
(c) call by function
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) call by reference

Question 24.
Consider the following function declaration
int sum(int,a, int b)
{
Body
}
Here the arguments are passed by __________.
Answer:
call by value method

Question 25.
Consider the following function declaration
int sum(int &a, int &b)
{
Body
}
Here the arguments are passed by __________.
Answer:
call by reference method

Question 26.
A function calls it self is known as ____________.
Answer:
recursive function

Question 27.
Varun wants to copy a string by using strcpy() function. From the following which header file is used for this?
(a) cstdio
(b) cmath
(c) cstring
(d) cctype
Answer:
(c) cstring

Question 28.
__________ is a named group of statements to perform a job/task and returns a value.
Answer:
Function

Question 29.
In his C++ program Ajith wants to accept a lengthy text of more than one line. Which function in C++ can be used in this situation.
Answer:
gets() function can be used to accept a lengthy text.

Question 30.
A function can call itself for many times and return a result. What is the name given to such a function? (MARCH-2016)
Answer:
Recursive function

Question 31.
How many values can a C++ function return? (SCERT SAMPLE-I) (1)
Answer:
One Value

Question 32.
A function may require data to perform the task assigned to it. Which is the component of function prototype that serves this purpose? (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (1)
Answer:
Arguments (Parameters)

Question 33.
“Arguments used in call statement are formal arguments”. State true or false. (SAY-2016) (1)
Answer:
False

Question 34.
Name the built-in function to check whether a character is alphanumeric or not. (MARCH-2017)
Answer:
pisalnum()

Plus One Functions Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How does C++ support modularity in programming C++
Answer:
The process of converting big programs into smaller programs is known as modularisation. This small programs are called modules or sub programs or functions. C++ supports modularity in programming called functions.

Question 2.
Consider the following code snippet
charch;
cout << “Enter an alphabet”;
cin>>ch;
cout<<toupper (ch);
What is the output of the above code? Give a sample output.
If the above code is used in a computer that has no cctype file, how will you modify the code to get the same output?
Answer:
It reads a character and convert it into upper case.
eg:
Enter an alphabet: a
The output is A.
If a computer has no cctype header file the code is as follows,
char ch;
cout<< “Enter an alphabet”;
cin»ch;
if (ch >= 97 && ch<<122)
cout<<ch – 32;

Question 3.
The following assignment statement will generate a compilation error.
char str[20];
str = “Computer”
Write a correct C++ statement to perform the same task
Answer:
char str[20] = “Computer”;

OR

char str[20];
strcpy(str,”Computer”); (The header file <string.h> should be included)

Question 4.
float area(const float pi = 3.1415, const float r)
{
r = 10;
return pi*r;
}
Is there any problem? If yes what is it?
Answer:
There is an error. The error is ‘r’ is a constant V must be initialised and cannot be changed during execution.

Question 5.
Match the following

Answer:
a. 3
b. 1
c. 5
d. 4
e. 2

Question 6.
What are the jobs of a return statement in a program?
Answer:
In the case of a sub function a return statement helps to terminate the sub function and return back to the main function or called function. But in the case of a main function it terminates the program.

Question 7.
How to invoke a function in C++ program?
Answer:
function can be called or invoked by providing the name of the function followed by the arguments in parenthesis.
eg: sum(m,n);

Question 8.
Briefly explain constant arguments
Answer:
By using the keyword const we can make argument (parameter) of a function as a constant argument. The value of the const argument cannot be modified within the function.

Question 9.
Short notes on header files
Answer:
A header file is a prestored file that helps to use some operators and functions. To write C++ pro-grams the header files are must. Following are the header files
alloc
iostream
iomanip
cstdio
cctype
cmath
cstring
The syntax for including a header file is as follows
#include<name of the header file>
eg: #include<iostream>

Question 10.
Identify the appropriate header files for the following.

1. setw()
2. cout
3. toupper()
4. exit()
5. strcpy()

Answer:

1. setw() – iomanip.h
2. cout – iostream
3. toupper() – cstring
4. exit() – process
5. strcpy() – cstring

Question 11.
Construct the function prototypes for the following functions.

1. The function Display() accepts one argument of type double and does not return any value.
2. Total () accepts two arguments of type int, float respectively and returns a float type value. (MARCH-2015) (2)

Answer:

1. void Display(double);
2. float Total(int, float);

Question 12.
Explain two types of variable according to its scope and life. (SAY-2015) (2)
Answer:
Scope and life of variables and functions
1. Local scope:
A variable declared inside a block can be used only in the block. It cannot be used any other block.
eg:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int sum(int n1 ,int n2)
{
int s;
s = n1 + n2;
return (s);
}
int main()
{
int n1 ,n2;
cout<<“Enter 2 numbers cin>>n1>>n2;
cout<<“The sum is “<<sum(n1 ,n2);
}
Here the variable s is declared inside the function sum and has local scope;

2. Global scope:
A variable declared outside of all blocks can be used any where in the program.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int s;
int sum(int n1,int n2)
{
s = n1 + n2;
return(s);
}
int main()
{
int n1 ,n2;
cout<<“Enter 2 numbers cin>>n1>>n2;
cout<<“The sum is “<<sum(n1,n2);
}
Here the variable s is declared out side of all functions and we can use variable s any where in the program.

Question 13.
There is a way to pass more than one value to the calling function from the called function. Explain how? (SCERT SAMPLE – I) (2)
Answer:
Methods of calling functions
Two types call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h> void
swap(int a, int b)
{
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
main()
{
clrscr();
int a,b;
cout<<“Enter values for a and b:-“;
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<“The values before swap a =”<<a<<“ and
b =”<<b;
swap(a,b);
cout<<“\nThe values before swap a =”<<a«“ and
b =”<<b;
getch();
}

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void swap(int &a, int &b)
{
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
main()
{
clrscrO;
int a,b;
cout<<“Enter values for a and b:- “; cin>>a>>b;
cout<<“The values before swap a =”<<a<<“ and
b=”<<b;
swap(a,b);
cout<<“\nThe values before swap a =”<<a<<“ and
b =”<<b;
getch();
}

Question 14.
A
Answer:
int sum (int N, int Start_No) .
{
int i, S = 0;
for (i = Start_No; i < = N + Start_No; i++)
S = S + i;
reurn S;
}

Question 15.
Differentiate between the string functions strcmp() and strcmpi(). (SAY-2016) (2)
Answer:
strcmp(): It is used to compare two strings and returns an integer.
Syntax:
strcmp(string1,string2)

• if it is 0 both strings are equal.
• if it is greater than 0(i.e. +ve) stringl is greater than string2
• if it is less than 0(i.e. -ve) string2 is greater than string1

strcmpi():
It is same as strcmp() but it is not case sensitive. That means uppercase and lowercase are treated as same.
eg: “ANDREA” and “Andrea” and “andrea” these are same.

Question 16.
Read the function definition given below. Predict the output, if the function is called as convert (7). (MARCH-2017) (2)
void convert (int n)
{
if (n>1)
convert (n/2);
cout<<n%2;
}
Answer:
The out put is 111. convert() is a recursive function.

Plus One Functions Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Consider the following function declaration with optional (default) arguments and state legal or illegal and give the reasons

1. int sum(int x = 10, int y, int z)
2. int sum(int x = 10, int y = 20, int z)
3. int sum(int x = 10, int y = 20, int z = 30)
4. int sum(int x, int y = 20, int z)
5. int sum(int x, int y = 20, int z = 30)
6. inf sum(int x, int y, int z = 30)
7. int sum(int x = 10, int y, int z = 30)

Answer:
There is a rule to make an argument as default argument,i.e., to set an argument with a value that must be in the order from right to left. All the arguments in the right side of an argument must be set first to make an argument as a default argument.

1. illegal, because y and z are not have values
2. illegal, because z has no value
3. legal
4. illegal, because z has no value
5. legal
6. legal
7. illegal, because x has a value but y has no value

Question 2.
A list of C++ built-in functions are given. Classify them based on the usage and prepare a table with proper group names.

Answer:

Question 3.
Read the following program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<sum(2,3);
}
int sum(int x, int y)
{return (x + y);}
On compilation on the program, an error will be displayed. Identify and explain the reason. How can you rectify the problem
Answer:
The compilation of the program starts from the first line arid next line and so on( i.e. line by line). While compiling the line cout<<sum(2,3); The compiler does not understand the word sum(2,3) because it is not declared yet hence the error prototype required. To rectify this problem there are two methods

First method:
Give the function definition just before the main function as follows.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int sum(intx, int y)
{return (x + y);}
int main()
{
cout<<sum(2,3);
}

Second Method:
Give the function declaration(prototype only) in the main function as follows.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int sum(int.int);
cout<<sum(2,3);
}
int sum(int x, int y)
{return (x + y);}

Question 4.
Considering the following function definition.
{
for (int f = 1; n>0; n-)
f = f*n;
return f;
}
void main()
{
int a = 5, ans;
ans = fact (a);
cout<< a << “! = ” << ans;
}
The expected, desired output is 5! = 120
What will be the actual output of the program? It is not the same as above, why? What modification are required in the program to get the desired output.
Answer:
The output is 0! = 120
Because the address of variable ’a’ is given to the variable ‘n’ of the function fact(call by reference method). So the function changes its value (i.e. n-) to 0. Hence the result.
To get the desired result call the function as call by value method in this method the copy of the value of the variable ‘a’ is given to the function. So the actual value of ‘a’ will not changed. So instead of int fact(int &n) just write int fact(int n), i.e., no need of & symbol.

Question 5.
A function is defined as follows
int sum (int a, int b = 2)
{return (a + b);}
Check whether each of the following function calls is correct or wrong, Justify your answer

1. cout << sum (2,3);
2. cout << sum( 2) ;
3. cout << sum();

Answer:
Here the function is declared with one optional argument. So the function call with minimum one argument is compulsory.

1. It is valid. Here a becomes 2 and b becomes 3.
2. It is also valid . Here a becomes 2 and b takes the default value 2.
3. It is not a valid call. One argument is compulsory.

Question 6.
The factorial of a number, say N is the product of first N natural numbers. Thus, factorial of 5 can be obtained by taking the product of 5 and factorial of 4. Similarly factorial of 4 be found out by taking the product of 4 and factorial of 3. At last the factorial of 1 is 1 itself.

Which technique is applicable to find the factorial of a number in this fashion? Write a C++ function to implement this technique. Also explain the working of the function by giving the number 5 as input.
Answer:
A function calls itself is known as recursion.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int fac(int);
int main()
{
int n;
cout<<“enter a number”;
cin>>n;
cout<<fac(n);
}
int fac(int n)
{
if (n == 1) return (1);
else
return (n × fac(n – 1));
}
The working of this program is as follows If the value of n is 5 then it calls the function as fa. The function returns value 5 × fac(4), That means this function calls the function again and returns 5 ×4 × fac(3). This process continues until the value n = 1. So the result is 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120.

Question 7.
How do two functions exchange data between them? Compare the two methods of data transfer from calling function to called function
Answer:
There are two methods they are call by value and call by reference
1. call by value:
In call by value method, a copy of the actual parameters are passed to the formal parameters. If the function makes any change it will not affect the original value.

2. call by reference:
In call by reference method, the reference of the actual parameters are passed to the formal parameters. If the function makes any change it will affect the original value.

Question 8.
Read the following program
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int a = 0;
int main()
{
int showval(int);
cout<< a; a++;
cout << showval (a);
cout<< a;
}
int showval(int x)
{
int a = 5;
return (a + x);
}
Write down the value displayed by the output of the above program with suitable explanation. What are the inferences drawn regarding the scope of variables?
Answer:
The output is 061.
Global variable: A variable declared out side of all functions it is known as global variable.
Local variable: A variable declared inside of a function it is known as local variable.
If a variable declared inside a function(main or other) with the same name of a global variable. The function uses the value of local variable and does not use the value of the global variable.

Here int a = 0 is a global variable. In the main function the global variable ‘a’ is used. There is no local variable so the value of ‘a’, 0 is displayed. The statement ‘a++’ makes the value of ‘a’ is 1. It calls the function showval with argument ‘a = T.

The argument ‘x’ will get this value i.e. ‘x = 1 But in the function showval there is a local variable ‘a’ its value is 5 is used. So this function returns 6 and it will be displayed. After this the value 1 of the global variable ‘a’ will be displayed. Hence the result 061.

Question 9.
The following are function calling statements. Some of them will be executed, while some other generate compilation error. Write down your opinion on each of them with proper justification Function

1. har ch =
2. sqrt(25);
3. strcat (“Computer”, “Program”);
4. double num = pow(2,3,5)
5. putchar(getchar());

Answer:

1. getch get a character from the console(keyboard) but does not echo to the screen. So we can’t read a character from the console.
2. It returns the square root of 25.
3. It concatenates Program to computer, i.e. we will get a string “computer program”
4. The function pow should contains only two arguments. But here it contains 3 arguments so it is an error. We can write this function as follows Double num = pow(pow(2,3),5)
5. It reads a character from the console and display it on the screen.

Question 10.
Write down the operation performed by the following statements.

1. int l = strlen(“Computer Program”);
2. char ch[ ] = tolower(“My School”);
3. cout <<(strcmp(“High”, “Low”)>0 ? toupper(“High”):tolower(“Low”));

Answer:

1. The built in function strlen find the length of the string i.e. 16 and assigns it to the variable I.
2. This is an error because tolower is a character function.
3. This is also an error because tolower and toupper are character functions.

Question 11.
A line of given length with a particular character is to be displayed. For example, ********** js a line with ten asterisks (*). Define a function to achieve this output.
Answer:

Question 12.
Read the following function
int fib(int n)
{
if (n<3)
return 1;
else
return (fib(n – 1) + fib(n – 2));
}

1. What is the speciality of this function
2. How does it work?
3. What will be the output of the following code?

Answer:

1. This function is a recursive function. That means the function calls itself.
2. It works as follows
   • if i = 1, The function fib calls with value 1. i.e. fib(1) returns 1
   • if i = 2, The function fib calls with value 2. i.e. fib(2) returns 1
   • if i = 3, The function fib calls with value 3. i.e. fib(3) returns fib(2) + fib(1) i.e. it calls the function again.
     So the result is 1 + 1 = 2
   • if i = 4, The function fib calls with value 4. i.e. fib(4) returns fib(3) + fib(2) i.e. it calls the function again.
     So the result is 2 + 1 = 3
3. The output will be as follows 1 1 2 3

Question 13.
Explain scope rules of functions and variables in a C++ program
Answer:
Local variable or function:
A variable or function declared inside a function is called local variable or function. This cannot be accessed by the out-side of the function.
eg:
main()
{
int k; // local variable
cout<<sum(a,b); // local function
}

Global variable or function:
A variable or function declared out side of a function is called global variable or function. This can be accessed by any statements.
eg:
int k; // global variable
int sum(int a, int b); // global function
main()
{
}

Question 14.
Briefly explain default arguments Default arguments.
Answer:
A default value can be set for a parameter (argument) of a function. When the user does not give a value the function will take the default value. An important thing remember,is an argument cannot have a default value unless all arguments on its right side must have default value.
Functions with valid default arguments are given below

• float area(int x, int y, int z = 30);
• float area(int x, int y = 20, int z = 30);
• float area(int x = 10, int y = 20, int z = 30);

Functions with invalid default arguments are given below

• float area(int x = 10, int y, int z);
• float area(int x, int y = 20, int z);
• float area(int x = 10, int y = 20, int z);

Question 15.
How to pass an array to function.
Answer:
By using call by reference method we can send an array as argument. We have to send only the array name and its data type. The array name holds the starting address and will access the subsequent elements of an array.
The following example shows this

Question 16.
How to pass a structure to a function.
Answer:
A structure can be passed as argument to a function either call by value or call by reference method. An example is given below to read name and age of a structure and pass it to a function.

Question 17.
Write a program to read a character and check whether it is alphabet or not. If it is an alphabet check whether it is upper case or lower case?
Answer:

Question 18.
Write a program to read 2 strings and join them 2 string.
Answer:

Question 19.
Write a program to read 2 strings and compare it 2 string.
Answer:

Question 20.
Write a program to read a string and display the number of alphabets and digits and special characters.
Answer:

Question 21.
Write a program to perform the following opera-tions on a string

1. Length of a string
2. Search a character
3. Display the string

Answer:

Question 22.
Write short notes about conversion functions.
Answer:
The header file stdlib.h is used for conversion functions.Following are the important conversion functions
1. itoa():
It is used to convert an integer into a string.
eg:
int n = 100;
charstr[20];
itoa(n,str,10);

2. Itoa():
It is used to convert an long into a string.
eg:
long n = 1002345L
char str[20];
ltoa(n,str,10);

3. atoi():
It is used to convert a string into integer
eg:
int n;
str[] = “123”
n = atoi(str);

4. atoll():
It is used to convert a string into long
eg:
long n;
str[] = “123456”
n = atol(str);

Question 23.

1. Predict the output of both programs.
2. Justify your predictions.

Answer:
1. A. Output
value = 40

B. output
value = 0

2. In the first case (A) the argument x is passed by reference method. So the changes made in the function reflects in main()

In the second case (B) the argument x is passed by value method. So the changes made in the function will not reflect in main()

Question 24.
Consider the following C++ function.
int recfact(int x)
{
if(x == 0)
return 1;
else
return x * recfact(x – 1);
}

1. What type of function is this? Explain. (2 Scores)
2. What is the output of the above function when x = 5

Answer:

1. recursive function. The abilty of a function to call itself is called recursion. A function is said to be recursive if a statement in the body of the function calls itself.
2. Output 120

Question 25.
void initialise()
{
int k = 10;
}
int main()
{
int a, b;
float marks;
a = 20;
cout<<“First value =”<< a;
initialise();
b = k + a;
cout<<“New value =”<<b;
}

1. Identify the error in the above code and explain its reasons.
2. Correct the errors.

Answer:

1. K is a local variable in the function initialize 0. It is not accessible in main()
2. Making the variable K as global we can correct the error.

Question 26.
Write a program to read 2 strings and join them using string function.
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str1 [50],str2[50],str[100];
cout<<“Enter a string:”; gets(strl);
cout<<“Enter another string:”; gets(str2);
strcat(str,str1);
strcat(str,str2);
cout<<“The concatenated string is”<<str;
}

Question 27.
Consider the following code.
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str1 [] = “123”,str2[] = “45”;
int a,b;
a = atoi(str1);
b = atoi(str2);
cout<<a + b;
}
What will be the output and give the reason?
Answer:
The output is 123 + 45 = 168. Here the conversion function atoi is used to convert the string “123” into integer 123 and “45” into integer 45 so the result.

Question 28.
Name the different methods used for passing arguments to a function. Write the difference between them with examples. (MARCH-2015)
Answer:
Methods of calling functions:
Two types call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Question 29.
Write a C++ program to display the simple interest using function. (SAY-2015) (3)
Answer:
include < iostream>
using namespace std;
float Simplelnt (float p, int n, float r)
{
return (p*n*r/100);
}
int main()
{
float p, r, SI;
int n;
cout<<“Enter values for p,n,r:”; cin>>p>>n>>r;
SI = Simplelnt (p,n,r); cout<<“simple interest is”<<SI;
}

Question 30.
Write a function’s definition of the above type to find the sum of matural numbers from 1 to N. (Hint: If the value of N is 5, the answer will be 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15). (MARCH – 2016) (3)
Answer:
int sum (int n)
{
if (n == 0)
return 0;
else
return (n + sum (n – 1));
}

Question 31.
A program requires functions for adding 2 numbers, 3 numbers and 4 numbers, How can you provide a solution by writing a single functio0n? (SCERT SAMPLE -1) (3)
Answer:
It can be solved by writing function with default values.
eg: int add (int n1, int n2, int n3 = 0, int n4 = 0)
{
return (n1 + n2 + n3 + n4);
}
This function can be invoked by the following function calling
1. add (5,2);
2. add (5,2,7);
3. add (5,2,7,10);

The 1. Call returns 5 + 2 = 7
2. Call returns 5 + 2 + 7 = 14
3. Call returns 5 + 2 + 7 + 10 = 24

Question 32.
Explain the difference between call-by-value method and call-by-reference method with the help of examples. (SCERT SAMPLE – II) (3)
Answer:
Methods of calling functions:
Two types call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the ’ function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Question 33.
Explain recursive functions with the help of a suitable example. (SAY-2016) (3)
Answer:
A function calls itself is called recursive function.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void convert(int n)
{
if(n>1)
convert(n/2);
cout<<n % 2;
}
int main()
{
convert(7);
}
Here the function convert is a recursive function, that means it calls itself and output of the above program is 111.

Question 34.
Name the built-in function to check whether a character is alphanumeric or not. (MARCH-2017) (3)
Answer:
isalnum()

Question 35
Briefly explain the three components in the structure of a C++ program. (MARCH-2017) (3)
Answer:
1. Preprocessor directives:
A C++ program starts with the preprocessor directive i.e., # .include, #define, #undef, etc, are such a preprocessor directives. By using #include we can link the header files that are needed to use the functions. By using #define we can define some constants.
eg: #define x 100. Here the value of x becomes 100 and cannot be changed in the program. No semicolon is needed.

2. Header files:
A header file is a pre stored file that helps to use some operators and functions. To write C++ programs the header files are must. Following are the header files iostream

• iomanip
• cstdio
• cctype
• cmath
• cstring

The syntax for including a header file is as follows
#include<name of the header file>
eg: #include<iostream>

3. The main function:
The main function is the first function which is invoked at the time of execution and the program ends within main(). The other functions are invoke from main().

Question 36.
Explain the difference between call by value method and call by reference method with the help of examples. (MARCH-2017) (3)
Answer:
Two types are call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change wilt not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Plus One Functions Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Short notes about character functions and string functions
Answer:
A. Character functions:
1. isalnum():
t is used to check whether a character is alphabet or digit. It returns a non zero value if it is an alphabet or digit otherwise it returns zero.

2. isalpha():
It is used to check whether a character is alphabet or not. It returns a non zero value if it is an alphabet otherwise it returns zero.

3. isdigit():
It is used to check whether a character is digit or not. It returns a non zero value if it is digit otherwise it returns zero.

4. islower():
It is used to check whether a character is lower case alphabet or not. It returns a non zero value if it is a lowercase alphabet otherwise it returns zero.

5. isupper():
It is used to check whether a character is upper case alphabet or not. It returns a non zero value if it is an upper case alphabet otherwise it returns zero.

6. tolower():
It is used to convert the alphabet into lower case

7. toupper():
It is used to convert the alphabet into upper case

B. String functions:

1. strcpy():
This function is used to copy one string into another

2. strcat():
This function is used to concatenate(join) second string into first string

3. strlen():
This function is used to find the length of a string.

4. strcmp():
This function is used to compare 2 strings. If the first string is less than second string then it returns a negative value. If the first string is equal to the second string then it returns a value zero and if the first string is greater than the second string then it returns a positive value.

Question 2.
Write functions to perform the following operations

1. sqrt()
2. power of 2 numbers
3. sin
4. cos

Answer:

Question 3.
Write a C++ program to display the roots of quadratic equation. (SAY-2015) (5)
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>

Question 4.
Explain ‘Call by Value’ and ‘Call by Reference’ methods of function calling with the help of a suitable example. (SAY-2016)
Answer:
Two types are call by value and call by reference.
1. Call by value:
In call by value method the copy of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will not affect the original value.
Example

2. Call by reference:
In call by reference method the address of the original value is passed to the function, if the function makes any change will affect the original value.
Example

Question 5.
Define network topology. Explain any four network topologies in detail. (SAY-2016)
Answer:
Network topologies:
Physical or logical arrangement of computers on a network is called structure or topology. It is the geometrical arrangement of computers in a network. The major topologies developed are star, bus, ring, tree and mesh

1. Star Topology:
A star topology has a server all other computers are connected to it. If computer A wants to transmit a message to computer B. Then computer A first transmit the message to the server then the server retransmits the message to the computer B.

That means all the messages are transmitted through the server. Advantages are add or remove workstations to a star network is easy and the failure of a workstation will not effect the other. The disadvantage is that if the server fails the entire network will fail.

2. Bus Topology:
Here all the computers are attached to a single cable called bus. Here one computer transmits all other computers listen. Therefore it is called broadcast bus. The transmission from any station will travel in both the direction. The connected computers can hear the message and check whether it is for them or not.

Advantages are add or remove computer is very easy. It requires less cable length and the installation cost is less. Disadvantage is fault detection is very difficult because of no central computer.

3. Ring Topology:
Here all the computers are connected in the shape of a ring and it is a closed loop. Here also there is no central computer. Here a computer transmits a message, which is tagged along with its destination computer’s address. The message travels in one direction and each node check

whether the message is for them. If not, it passes to the next node. FIt requires only short cable length. If a single node fails, at least a portion of the network will fail. To add a node is very difficult.

4. Hybrid Topology:
It is a combination of any two or more network topologies. Tree topology and mesh topology can be considered as hybrid topology.
(a) Tree Topology:
The structure of a tree topology is the shape of an inverted tree with a central node and branches as nodes. It is a variation of bus topology. The data transmission takes place in the way as in bus topology. The disadvantage is that if one node fails, the entire portion will fail.

(b) Mesh Topology:
In this topology each node is connected to more than one node. It is just like a mesh (net). There are multiple paths between computers. If one path fails, we can transmit data through another path.

Students can Download Chapter 8 Redox Reactions Questions and Answers, Plus One Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Chemistry Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 8 Redox Reactions

Plus One Chemistry Redox Reactions One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In which of the following, oxidation number of chlorine is +5?
a) Cl^–
b) ClO^–
c) ClO₂^–
d) ClO₃^–
Answer:
d) ClO₃^–

Question 2.
An oxidising agent is a substance which can
a) Gain electrons
b) Lose an electronegative radical
c) Undergo decrease in the oxidation number of one of its atoms
d) Undergo any one of the above changes
Answer:
d) Undergo any one of the above changes

Question 3.
The arrangement of metals in the order of decreasing tendency to lose electrons is called _________ .
Answer:
Activity series

Question 4.
When KMnO₄, reacts with acidified FeSO₄
a) Only FeSO₄ is oxidised
b) Only KMnO₄ is oxidised
c) FeSO₄ is oxidised and KMnO₄ is reduced
d) KMnO₄ is oxidised and FeSO₄ is reduced
Answer:
c) FeSO₄ is oxidised and KMnO₄ is reduced

Question 5.
In the disproportionation reaction, which of the following statements is not true?
a) The same species is simultaneously oxidised as well as reduced
b) The reacting species must contain an element having at least three oxidation states
c) The element in the reacting species is present in the lowest oxidation state
d) The element in the reacting species is present in the intermediate oxidation state
Answer:
c) The element in the reacting species is present in the lowest oxidation state

Question 6.
Find the oxidation state of oxygen in OF₂.
Answer:
The oxidation number of fluorine in its compounds is always taken as -1.
In OF₂
X+ (-1 × 2) = 0
X = +2

Question 7.
The oxidation numbers of chlorine atoms in bleaching powder is _________ .
Answer:
-1

Question 8
SO₂ can act as
a) Oxidising agent only
b) Reducing agent only
c) Both oxidising and reducing agents
d) Acid and a reducing agent only
Answer:
c) Both oxidising and reducing agents

Question 9.
In the reaction
2KMnO₄ +16HCl → 5Cl₂ + MnCl₂ + 2KCl + 8H₂O the reduction product is _________ .
Answer:
MnCl₂

Question 10.
The strongest reducing agent is .
a) K
b) Ba
c) Li
d) Na
Answer:
c) Li

Question 11.
Oxidation state of oxygen in H₂O₂ is _________ .
Answer:
-1

Plus One Chemistry Redox Reactions Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Balance the following equation using oxidation number method:
MnO₂ + Cl^– → Mn²⁺ + Cl₂
Answer:
Assigning oxidation numbers:

Equating the increase and decrease in oxidation number:
MnO₂ + 2Cl^– → Mn²⁺ + Cl₂
Balancing hydrogen and oxygen atoms:
MnO₂ + 2Cl^– + 4H⁺ → Mn²⁺ + Cl₂ + 2H₂O

Question 2.
Balance the following equation using half reaction method:
Cu + NO₃^– → Cu²⁺ + NO₂
Answer:
Separating into half reactions:
Oxidation half: Cu → Cu²⁺
Reduction half: NO₃^– → NO₂
Balancing oxygen and hydrogen atoms:
NO₃^– + 2H⁺ → NO₂ + H₂O
Balancing charge by adding electrons and making the number of electrons equal in the two half reactions:
Cu → Cu²⁺ + 2e^–
2NO₃^– + 4H⁺ + 2e^– → 2NO₂ + 2H₂O
Adding the two half reactions to achieve the overall reaction:
Cu + 2NO₃ + 4H⁺ → Cu²⁺ + 2NO₂ + 2H₂O

Question 3.
Complete the following ionic equations:

1. Al³⁺ + 3e^– → …………….
2. MnO₄^2- → + e^–
3. K → K⁺ + ……………
4. Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ +

Answer:

1. Al³⁺ + 3e → Al
2. MnO₄^2- → MnO₄^–+ e^–
3. K → K⁺ + e^–
4. Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺ + e^–

Question 4.
Find the oxidation number of P in the following compounds:

1. Na₂PO₄
2. H₃P₂O₇
3. PH₃
4. H₃PO₄

Answer:

1. Na₂PO₄, Oxidation state of P = +6
2. H₄P₂O₇, Oxidation state of P = +5
3. PH₃, Oxidation state of P = -3
4. H₃PO₄, Oxidation state of P = +5

Question 5.
Choose the correct oxidation number of sulphur in the compounds in column Afrom column B.

Answer:

Question 6.
Explain oxidation number and valency.
Answer:
Valency of an atom is its combining capacity and is denoted by a number without sign. The valency of an element is always a whole number.

Oxidation number is a net charge which an atom has or appears to have when the other atoms from the molecule are removed as ions assuming that the shared pair of electrons is with more electronegative atom.

Question 7.
Some rules related to oxidation number are given below. Correct the mistakes.

• Oxidation number of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals is +2.
• Oxidation number of hydrogen is always +1.
• Algebraicsum of oxidation number of all the atoms in an ion is not equal to the charge on the ion.

Answer:

• Oxidation number of alkali metals is +1.
• Oxidation number of alkaline earth metals is +2.
• Oxidation number of H is +1 except in metallic hydrides.

Question 8.
Match the following:

Answer:

Question 9.
1. Calculate the oxidation number of oxygen in OF₂ and KO₂.
2. When Zn rod is dipped in blue CuSO₄ solution ‘ the blue colour of CuSO₄ fades due to displacement reaction. Write the reaction and identify the following:
i) The substance oxidised and the substance reduced.
ii) The oxidant and the reductant.
Answer:
1. OF₂: x + (-1 × 2) = 0
x – 2 = 0
x = +2
KO₂: (+1 × 1) + 2x = 0
1 + 2x = 0
2x = -1
x = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)

2. Zn(s) + CuSO₄ (aq) → ZnSO₄(aq) + Cu(s)
i) Substance oxidised – Zn
Substance reduced – Cu
ii) Oxidant-Cu
Reductant – Zn

Question 10.
a) Calculate the oxidation number of C in CH₄ and in CH₃Cl.
b) The sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms in a molecule is …………
Answer:
a) CH₄:
x + (1 × 4) = 0
x + 4 = 0
x = -4
Oxidation number of C in CH₄ is -4.

CH₃Cl:
x + (3 × 1) + -1 = 0
x + 3 – 1= 0
x + 2 = 0
x = -2
Oxidation number of C in CH₃Cl is -2.

b) Zero

Question 11.
1. Write the oxidation state of each element and identify the oxidising agent and reducing agent in the following reaction:
H₂S(g) + Cl₂(g) → 2HCl(g) + S(s)
2. Fill in the blanks and classify the following reactions into oxidation and reduction:
i) Mn⁷⁺ + 5e^– → ……………
ii) Sn⁴⁺ + …………… → Sn²⁺
iii) Na → Na⁺ + ……………
iv) Fe³⁺ +…………… → Fe²⁺
Answer:
1.
Reducing agent – H₂S
Oxidising agent -Cl₂

2. i) Mn⁷⁺ + 5e^– → Mn²⁺
ii) Sn⁴⁺ + 2e^– → Sn²⁺
iii) Na → Na+ + e^–
iv) Fe³⁺ + e^– → Fe²⁺
Oxidation: Reaction (iii)
Reduction: Reactions (i), (ii) and (iv)

Question 12.
Dihydrogen undergoes redox reactions with many metals at high temperature.
a) Write the reaction between hydrogen with sodium.
b) Comment, whether the product formed, is covalent compound or ionic compound.
c) Which is the reducing agent in this reaction?
Answer:
1. 2Na + H₂ → 2NaH
2. Ionic compound is formed. When alkali metals react with hydrogen ionic hydrides are formed.
3. Na is the reducing agent.

Question 13.
1. Is it possible to keep copper sulphate solution in zinc pot? Why?
2. Assign oxidation numbers of the underlined elements.
i) NaH₂\(\underline { P } \)O₄
ii) NaH\(\underline { S } \)O₄
Answer:
1. No. Zn being more reactive will displace Cu from CuSO₄. Thus Cu will be deposited on the vessel.

2. i) NaH₂\(\underline { P } \)O₄
+1 +(+1 × 2) + x +(-2 × 4) = 0
1 + 2 + x – 8 = 0
x – 5 = 0
x = +5
ii) NaH\(\underline { S } \)O₄
+1 + 1 + x +(-2 × 4) = 0
+1 + 1 + x – 8 = 0
x – 6 = 0
x = +6

Question 14.
Identify the substance oxidised, reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent in the reaction:
2Cu₂O + Cu₂S → 6Cu + SO₂
Answer:

In this reaction, Cu is reduced from +1 state to zero. oxidation state and S is oxidised from -2 state to +4 state. Cu₂O helps S in Cu₂S to increase its oxidation number. Therefore, Cu(l) is the oxidising agent. S of Cu₂S helps Cu both in Cu₂S itself and Cu₂O to decrease its oxidation number. Therefore, S of Cu₂S is the reducing agent.

Question 15.
Explain the following in terms of electron transfer concept:

1. Oxidation
2. Reduction
3. Oxidising agent
4. Reducing agent

Answer:

1. Oxidation: Loss of electron(s) by any species.
2. Reduction: Gain of electron(s) by any species.
3. Oxidising agent: Any species which accepts electrons).
4. Reducing agent: Any species which donates electron^).

Question 16.
Represent the following compounds using Stock notation:
Cu₂O, SnCl₄, MnO, Fe₂O₃, V₂O₅
Answer:

Question 17.
In a redox reaction, oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously.
a) Write the classical concept of oxidation and reduction.
b) Identify the species undergoing oxidation and reduction in the following reaction:
H₂S(S) + Cl₂(g) → 2HCl(g) + S(s)
Answer:
1. Oxidation:
addition of oxygen/electronegative element to a substance or removal of hydrogen/ electropositive element from a substance.

Reduction:
removal of oxygen/electronegative element from a substance or addition of hydrogen/ electropositive element to a substance.

2.Oxidised species:
H₂S. This is because a more electronegative element, Cl is added to H or a more electro positive element, H has been removed from S.

Reduced species:
Cl. This is due to addition of more electropositive element H to it.

Plus One Chemistry Redox Reactions Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
An equation is given below:
HNO₃+ l2 → HlO₃ + NO₂ + H₂O

• Find the oxidising agent and reducing agent.
• Balance the equation using half reaction method.

Answer:
Oxidising agent = HNO₃
Reducing agent = l₂
Skeletal equation:

Balancing the charge on the half reactions by adding electrons and equalising the number of electrons:

Question 2.
1. Define redox reactions.
2. Predict whether the following reaction is a redox reaction or not? Justify.
Cr₂O₇^2- + H₂O → 2CrO₄^2- + 2H⁺
Answer:
1. Redox reactions are those reactions are those reactions in which reduction and oxidation occur simultaneously. These reactions involve change in oxidation state of the interacting species.

2. No.
Because no element undergoes change in oxidation number.

Question 3.
a) Find out the oxidising agent and reducing agent in the following reaction:
Cu(s) + 2Ag⁺(aq) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Ag(s)
b) Balance the following redox reaction in acid medium using oxidation number method.
Cr₂O₇^2- + Fe²⁺ → Cr³⁺ + Fe³⁺
Answer:
1. Oxidising agent – Ag
ReducingAgent – Cu

2. Assigning oxidation number:

Question 4.
Calculate the oxidation number of sulphur, chromium and nitrogen in H₂SO₄, Cr₂O₇^2- and NO₃^–.
Answer:
H₂SO₄
(2 × +1) + x+ (4 × -2) = 0
+2 + x – 8 = 0
x – 6 = 0
x = +6

Cr₂O₇^2-
2x + 7 ×-2 = -2
2x = -2 + 14
2x = 12
∴ x = +6

NO₃^–
x + 3 × -2 = -1
x = -1 + 5
x = +4

Question 5.
1. Assign oxidation numbers
(i) P in NaH₂PO₄
(ii) Mn in KMnO₄
(iii) B in NaBH₄
(iv) S in H₂SO₄
2. Identify the oxidising and reducing agents in the following reaction:
CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O
Answer:
1. i) NaH₂PO₄
Na⁺¹H₂⁺¹PO₄^-2
1+2 + x- 8 = 0
3 + x – 8 = 0
x – 5 = 0
x =+ 5

ii) K⁺¹MnO₄^-2
1+ x – 8 = 0
x – 7 = 0
x = +7

iii) Na⁺¹BH₄⁺¹
1 + x + 1 × 4 = 0
x + 5 = 0
x = -5

iv) H₂⁺¹SO₄^-2
2 + x – 8 = 0
x – 6 = 0
x = +6

2.

Question 6.
A copper rod is dipped in silver nitrate solution.

1. What are the observations?
2. Write the displacement reaction.
3. Identify the species getting oxidised and reduced.

Answer:

1. The colour of the solution changes to blue. Silver is deposited on the copper rod.
2. Cu(s) +2AgNO₃(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Ag(s)
3. Oxidised species – Cu Reduced species – Ag⁺

Question 7.
1. Identify the oxidising and reducing agent in the reaction:
CuS + O₂ → Cu + SO₂
2. Determine the oxidation number of the underlined element in the following:

Answer:

Question 8.
1. Identify the substance oxidised, substance reduced, oxidising agent and reducing agent in the reaction:
Cl₂ + 2l^– → 2Cl^– +l₂

2. Calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements in the following compounds:
i) K₂\(\underline { Cr } \)₂O₇
ii) H\(\underline { H } \)O₃
Answer:
1. Cl₂ is reduced, therefore Cl₂ is the oxidising agent. I’ is oxidised, therefore I” is the reducing agent.

2. i) K₂\(\underline { Cr } \)₂O₇
(+1 × 2) + 2x +(-2 × 7) = 0
+2 + 2x – 14 =0
2x – 12 =0
2x = 12
x = +6
ii) H\(\underline { H } \)O₃
(+1 × 1) + x + (-2 × 3) = 0
1+ x – 6 = 0
x – 5 = 0
x = +5

Question 9.
Determine oxidation number of the elements underlined in each of the following.

Answer:

Plus One Chemistry Redox Reactions Four Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Permanganate ion (MnO₄^–) reacts with bromide ion (Br^–) in basic medium to give manganese dioxide
(MnO₂) and bromate ion (BrO₃^–).
a) Write the balanced ionic equation for this reaction.
b) Identify the oxidising agent and reducing agent in this reaction.
Answer:

Question 2.
A redox reaction involves oxidation and reduction.
a) What do you understand by electrode potential?
b) Define a redox couple.
c) Explain the set-up for Daniell cell with a diagram.
d) Write the electrode reactions and overall cell reaction which occur in the Daniel cell.
Answer:
a) The potential difference between metal and its own ion is called electrode potential.

b) A redox couple is defined as the combination of oxidised and reduced forms of a substance taking part in an oxidation or reduction half reaction.

c) Take copper sulphate solution in a beaker and put a copper strip. Take zinc sulphate solution in another beaker and put a zinc rod. The two redox couples are represented as Zn²⁺/Zn and Cu²⁺/Cu. Put the beaker containing copper sulphate solution and beaker containing zinc sulphate side by side. Connect two solution by a salt bridge. The Zn and Cu rods are connected by a metalic wire with a provision for ammeter and switch. Transfer of electrons now does not take place directly from Zn to Cu²⁺, but through metallic wire. The electricity from solution in one beaker to solution in the other beaker flows by the migration of ions through the salt bridge.

Question 3.
Redox reactions are those in which oxidation and reduction takes place. Explain the different types of redox reactions with suitable examples.
Answer:
Combination Reactions: The reactions in which two substances combine together to form a new compound are called combination reactions. These can be denoted as A+ B → C where either A or B or both A and B should be in the elemental form.

Decomposition reactions:
The reactions in which a compound breaks up into two or more substances at least one of which is in elemental form are called decompositions reactions.

Displacement reactions:
The reactions of the type X + YZ → XZ + Y in which an atom or ion in a compound is displaced by an ion (atom) of another element, such that X and Y are in elemental form are called displacement reactions. They are of two categories:
1. Metal displacement reactions: Reactions in which a more electropositive metal displaces a less electropositive metal from its compound.

2. Non-metal displacement reactions: These are reactions in which a non-metal is displaced by another metal or non-metal.

Disproportionation reactions: These are special type of redox reactions in which an element in one oxidation state is simultaneously oxidised and reduced. Here one of the reactants should contain an element that should exist in at least three oxidation states. The element in the form of reacting substance is in the intermediate oxidation state; and both higher and lower oxidation states of that element are formed in the reaction.
e.g. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Here the oxygen of peroxide, which is present in -1 state, is converted to zero oxidation state in O₂ and to -2 state in H₂O.

Plus One Chemistry Redox Reactions NCERT Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Fluorine reacts with ice and results in the change :

Justify that this reaction is a redox reaction.
Answer:
In the given reaction O.N. of F₂ changes from zero to -1 in HF and HOF whereas O.N. of oxygen change from -2 in H₂O to zero in HOF. Thus, F₂ is reduced, whereas oxygen is oxidised and, therefore, it is a redox reaction.

Question 2.
Write formulas for the following compounds:

1. Mercury (II) chloride
2. Nickel (II) sulphate
3. Tin (IV) oxide
4.  Thallium (I) sulphate
5. Iron (III) sulphate
6. Chromium (III) oxide

Answer:

1. Hg(II)Cl₂
2. Ni(II)SO₄
3. Sn(IV)O₂
4. Tl₂(I)SO₄
5. Fe₂(III)(SO₄)₃
6. Cr₂(III)O₃

Question 3.
The compound AgF₂ is unstable. However, if formed, the compound acts as a very strong oxiding agent. Why?
Answer:
In AgF₂, oxidation state of Ag is + 2 which is very unstable. Since Ag can exist in a stable state of + 1 it quickly accepts an electron to form the more stable + 1 oxidation state.
Ag²⁺ + e^– → Ag⁺

Question 4.
Consider the reactions:

Why does the same reductant, thiosulphate react differently with iodine and bromine?
Answer:
The average O.N. of S in S₂O₃^2- is + 2 while in S₄O₆^2- it is + 2.5. The O.N. of S in SO₄^2- is+6. Since Br₂ is a stronger oxidising agent that l₂, it oxidises S of S₂O₃^2- to a higher oxidation state of + 6 and hence forms SO₄^2- ion. l₂, however, being a weaker oxidising agent oxidises S of S₂O₃^2- ion to a lower oxidation of + 2.5 in S₄O₆^2- ion.

Question 5.
Why does the following reaction occur?
XeO₆^4-(aq) + 2F^–(aq) + 6H⁺(aq) → XeO₃(s) + F₂(g) + 3H₂O(I)
What conclusion about the compound Na₄XeO₆ (of which XeO₆^4- is a part) can be drawn from the reaction?
Answer:
The balanced equation along with O.N. of the elements above their symbols will be as:

In the equation the, O.N. of Xe decreases from + 8 in XeO₆^4- to + 6 in XeO₃ while that of F increases from – 1 in F^– to 0 in F₂. Therefore, XeO₆^4- is reduced while F^– is oxidised. This reaction occurs because Na₄XeO₆ (0r XeO₆^4-) is stronger oxidising agent than F₂.

Students can Download Chapter 9 String Handling and I/O Functions Questions and Answers, Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers helps you to revise the complete Kerala State Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Kerala Plus One Computer Science Chapter Wise Questions and Answers Chapter 9 String Handling and I/O Functions

Plus One String Handling and I/O Functions One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
To read a single character for gender i.e. ‘m’ or ‘f’ ________ function is used.
Answer:
(a) getch()
(b) getchar()
(c) gets()
(d) getline()
Answer:
(b) getchar()

Question 2.
To use getchar(), putchar(), gets() and puts(), which header file is used?
(a) iostream
(b) cstdio
(c) input
(d) output
Answer:
(b) cstdio

Question 3.
To use cin and cout, which header file is needed?
(a) iostream
(b) cstdio
(c) input
(d) output
Answer:
(a) iostream

Question 4.
Predict the output of the following code snippet.
#include<cstdio>
int mainO
{
char name[ ] = “ADELINE”;
for(int i=0; name[i]!=’\0′;i++)
putchar(name[i]);
}
Answer:
The output is “ADELINE”.

Question 5.
From the following which is equivalent to the function getc(stdin).
(a) putchar()
(b) gets()
(c) getchar()
(d) puts()
Answer:
(c) getchar()

Question 6.
From the following which is equivalent to the function putc(ch, stdout).
(a) putchar(ch)
(b) ch = gets()
(c) ch = getchar()
(d) puts(ch )
Answer:
(a) putchar(ch)

Question 7.
To print a single character at a time which function is used?
(a) puts()
(b) putchar()
(c) gets()
(d) getchar()
Answer:
(b) putchar()

Question 8.
To read a string _______ function is used.
(a) puts()
(b) putchar()
(c) gets()
(d) getchar()
Answer:
(b) gets()

Question 9.
To print a string _______ function is used.
(a) puts()
(b) putchar()
(c) gets()
(d) getchar()
Answer:
(b) puts()

Question 10.
Consider the following code snippet.
main()
{
char str[80];
gets(str);
for(int i=0. len=0;str[il!=’\0′;i++.len++);
cout<<“The length of the string is ” <<len;
}
Select the equivalent forthe under lined statement from the following
(a) int len = strlen(str)
(b) int len = strcmp(str)
(c) int len = strcount(str)
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) int len = strlen(str)

Question 11.
Arjun wants to read a string with spaces from the following which is suitable.
(а) cin>>
(b) cin.getline(str,80)
(c) str = getc(stdin)
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) cin.getline(str,80)

Question 12.
State whether the following statement is true or false. The ‘<<‘ insertion operator stops reading a string when it encounters a space.
Answer:
True

Question 13.
_________ function is used to copy a string to another variable. (SAY-2016) (1)
Answer:
strcpy();

Question 14.

1. Write the declaration statement for a variable ‘name’ in C++ to store a string of maximum length 30.
2. Differentiate between the statement cin>>name and gets (name) for reading data to the variable ‘name’. (SAY-2016)

Answer:
1. char name[31];(One for null(\0) character).

OR

cin>> does not allows space. It will take characters up to the space and characters after space will be truncated . Here space is the delimiter. Consider the following code snippet that will take the input upto the space.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char name[20];
cout<<“Enter your name:”;
cin>>name;
cout<<“Hello “<<name;
}
If you input a name “Alvis Emerin” then the output will be Hello Alvis. The string after space is truncated.

2. gets(): This function is used to get a string from the keyboard including spaces. Considerthe following code snippet that will take the input including the space.
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char name[20];
cout<<“Enter your name:”;
gets(name);
cout<<“Hello “<<name;
}
If you input a name “Alvis Emerin” then the output will be Hello Alvis Emerin.

Question 15.
What is the advantage of using gets() function in the C++ program to input string data? Explain with an example.
Answer:
gets() function is used to get a string from the keyboard including spaces. Consider the following code snippet that will take the input including the space.
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char name[20];
cout<<“Enter your name:”;
gets(name);
cout<<“Hello “<<name;
}
If you input a name “Alvis” then the output is Hello Alvis.

Plus One String Handling and I/O Functions Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
In a C++ program, you forgot to include the header file iostream. What are the possible errors occur in that Program? Explain?
Answer:
Prototype error. To use cin and cout the header file iostream is a must.

Question 2.
Categorise the following into three according to their relationship
iostream, cstdio, gets(), puts(), getchar(), putchar(), getline(), write(), cin, cout.
Answer:

Question 3.
Pick the odd one out from the following and give reason.
gets(), getline(), getch() getchar().
Answer:
getline() – It is a stream function whereas the others are console functions.

Question 4.
My_name is a variable contains a string. Write two different C++ statements to display the string. (SAY-2016) (2)
Answer:

1. cout<<my_name;
2. puts(my_name);

Question 5.
Suggest most suitable built-in function in C++ to perform the following tasks: (MARCH-2016) (2)

1. To find the answer for 53
2. To find the number of characters in the string “KERALA” “HAPPY NEW YEAR”
3. To get back the number 10 if the argument is 100.

Answer:

1. pow(5,3);
2. strlen(“KERALA”)
3. tolower(‘M’)
4. sqrt(100);

Question 6.
Read the following C++ statements:
charstr[50];
cin>>str;
cout<<str;
During execution, if the string given as input is “GREEN COMPUTING”, the output will be only the word “GREEN”. Give reason for this. What modification is required to get the original string as output? (SCERT SAMPLE -1) (2)
Answer:
cin>>word;
cout<<word;
It displays “HAPPY” because cin takes characters upto the space. That is space is the delimiter for cin. The string after space is truncated. To resolve this use gets() function.

Because gets() function reads character upto the enter key.
Hence gets(word);
puts(word);
Displays “HAPPY NEW YEAR”

Question 7.
Suppose M[5][5] is a 2D array that contains the elements of a square matrix. Write C++ statements to find the sum of the diagonal elements. (2)
Answer:
gets() function is used to get a string from the keyboard including spaces. To use gets () function the header file cstdio must be included. It reads the characters upto the enter key pressed by the user.
eg:
char name[20];
cout << “Enter your name”;
gets(name);
cout<< “Hello”<< name;
When the user gives Alvis Emerin. It displays as “Hello Alvis Emerin”.

Plus One String Handling and I/O Functions Three Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Suresh wants to print his name and native place using a C++ program. The program should accept name and native place first.
Name is: Suresh Kumar
Address is: Alappuzha
Answer:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char name[20],place[20];
cout<<“Enter your name”;
cin.getline(name,80);
cout<<“Enter your place”;
cin.getline(place,80);
cout<<“Your name is puts(name);
cout<<“Your place is puts(place);
}

Question 2.
“Programming is Fun”. Write a C++ program to read a string like this in lower case and print it in UPPER CASE. With out using toupper() library function.
Answer:
using namespace std;
#include<cstdio>
int main()
{
char line[80];
int i;
puts(Enter the string to convert”);
gets(line);
for(i=0;line[i]!=’\0′;i++)
if (Iine[i]>=97 && line[i]<=122)
line[i]=line[i] – 32;
puts(line);
}

Question 3.
An assignment Kumar has written a C++ program which reads a line of text and print the number of vowels in it. What will be his program code?
Answer:
#include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char line[80];
int i,vowel=0;
puts(Enter a string”);
gets(line);
for(i=0;line[i]!=’\0′;i++)
switch(tolower(line[i]))
{
case ‘a’:
case ‘e’:
case ‘i’:
case ‘o’:
case ‘u’:
vowel++;
}
cout<<“The number of vowels is “<<vowel;

Question 4.
What will be the output of the following code if the user enter the value “GOOD MORNING”.
1. char string [80];
gets(string);
cout<<string;

2. char string [80];
cin>>string;
cout<<string;

3. charch;
ch = getchar();
cout<<ch;

4. char string [80];
cin.getline(string,9);
cout<<string;
Answer:

1. GOOD MORNING
2. GOOD
3. G
4. GOOD MORN

Question 5.
Consider the following code snippet.
int main()
{
int n;
cout<<“Enter a number”;
cin>>n;
cout<<“The number is “<<n;
}
Write down the names of the header files that must be included in this program
Answer:
Here cin and cout are used so the header file iostream must be included.

Question 6.
Write a program to display the following output.
A
BB
CCC
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[]=”ABC”;
int i,j;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=i;j++)
cout<<str[i];
cout<<endl;
}
}

Question 7.
Distinguish getchar and gets.
Answer:
getchar is a character function but gets is a string function. The header file cstdio.h must be included. It reads a character from the keyboard.
Eg.
char ch;
ch = getchar();
cout<<ch;
gets is used to read a string from the keyboard. It reads the characters upto enter key. The header file cstdio must be included.
char str[80J;
cout<<“Enter a string”;
gets(str);

Question 8.
Distinguish putch and puts.
Answer:
putch is a character function but puts is a string function. The header file cstdio must be included. It prints a character to the monitor.
Eg:
char ch;
ch = getc(stdin);
putch(ch);
puts is used to print a string. The header file stdio.h must be included.
charstr[80];
puts(“Entera string”);
gets(str);
puts(str);

Question 9.
Write a program to check whether a string is palindrome or not. (A string is said to be palindrome if it is the same as the string constituted by reversing the characters of the original string. eg: “MALAYALAM”, “MADAM”, “ARORA”, “DAD”, etc.)
Answer:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char str[40];
int len,i,j;
cout<<“Enter a string:”;
cin>>str;
for(len=0;str[len]!-\0′;len++);
for(i=0,j=len-1;i<len/2;i++,j–)
if(str[i]!=str[j])
break;
if(i==len/2) .
cout<<str<<” is palindrome”;
else
cout<<str<<” is not palindrome”;
}

Question 10.
Explain multi-character function.
Answer:
getline() and write() functions are multi character functions:
1. getline() It reads a line of text that ends with a newline character. It reads white spaces also.
eg:
char line[80];
cin.getline(line,80);

2. write() It is used to display a string.
Eg.
char line[80];
cin.getline(line,80);
cout.write(line,80);

Question 11.
Read a string and print the number of vowels.
Answer:
#include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char line[80];
int i,vowel=0;
puts(“Enter a string”);
gets(line);
for(i=0;line[i]!=’\0′;i++)
switch(tolower(line[i]))
{
case ‘a’:
case ‘e’:
case ‘i’;
case ‘o’:
case ‘u’:
vowel++;
}
cout<<“The number of vowels is in the string is “<< vowel;
}

Question 12.
Distinguish between get() and put() functions.
Answer:
get() function:
get() is an input function. It is used to read a single character and it does not ignore the white spaces and newline character.
Syntax is cin.get(variable);
eg: char ch;
cin.get(ch);